{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The classic modern article on exch:tnge rate impacts on agriculture in the United States was written by G. Edw:~rd Schuh and pub- lished in the Anieuic,cirl Jo~irrlcil c?f'A~ric.ulturril Ec~orzomic,.~ in February 1 974."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Schuh niade the fundamental argument that the exchange rate was an omitted variable in the econornic anal- ysis of the U.S. farm sectol and he drew sweeping implications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Tlirouglio~~t the 1950s, the \"farm problem\" had been described as one of technical change that induced a shift in production toward land-augmenting interme- diate and capital inputs. lowered the real prices at which agricultural products could be pro- cured, and p~~t severe adjustment pressure on the farm sector, particularly farm labor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Agri- cultural policy interventions of the time (high support prices and land retirements) were per- ceived to overvalue agricultural I-ewurces rel- ative to free markets, leading to welfare costs and the paradox of a co~rntry with an advanced agriculture being dependent on export subsi- dization instead of being competitive in world markets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Schuh argued for a new interpretation of these developments: The U.S. dollar had become overvalued in the early 1950s, which had depressed agricultural prices and exports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This led to a socially inefficient crt~cl't-\\~aluu- tiorz of agricultural resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It induced even more technical change."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "thus aggravating what would have been in any case a serious prob- lem of structural adjustment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "It resulted in a larger share of the benetits of technical change going to consumers rather than producers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Ac- cording to this interpretation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0001__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "farm policies had served to offset negative exchange rate impacts on the farm production sector."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When those farm policies started to shift in the 1960s toward letting prices fall and compensating fttrmers with direct cash payments instead of high price supports, prices fell toward the dis- equilibrium levels associated with exchange rate overvaluation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Devaluations in the 1970s restored the dollar to a more nearly equilibri- urn value, and as a consequence, agriculture experienced a macroeconomic-led boom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As Schuh put it: \"If this interpretation is correct, an important share of the rise in agricultural prices in mid-1973 is a result of monetary phenomena which induced an export boom in an economy that was already responding to expansive monetary policies, and in the case of agriculture, increased the foreign demand for U.S. output at the same time that this de- mand was already rising from temporary bad weather conditions in other countries and a temporary decline in the Peruvian fishmeal in- dustry\" (p. 12)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Schuh's initial exposition of the effects of an exchange rate overvaluation on markets was based on a simple partial-equilibrium framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For a small exporting country fac- ing fixed world prices, an overvalued ex- change rate lowers the world price in dornestic currency proportionately."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The resulting in- creases in domestic demand and reductions in domestic supply depend on own-price elastic- ities and export quantity and value fall."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the large-country case, foreign and domestic pric- es diverge again by the extent of the over- valuation, with elasticities of supply and de- mand of both trading partners affecting the extent to which the domestic price falls or the foreign price rises."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this framework, focus- ing on the long run, Schuh made rather modest claims for the sustained price effects from de- valuation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In a reply to a comment on his ar- ticle, he argued that if a devaluation of 13% constituted an equilibrium, the relative price of agriculti~ral products might rise by around 10%. \" after adjustments have worked them- selves out\" (Schuh 1975, p. 699)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now use a much richer microeconomic framework to assess exchange rates and mar- ket equilibrium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Drawing on trade theory, the real exchange rate I \\ viewed as the relative prices of traded to nontraded good\\. Real ex- change rate Inovements accornrnodate changes in technology, income levels, or borrowing from abroad that require either higher or lower relative prices of nontraded goods (apprecia- tion or depreciation, respectively) to clear those market\\. Thi\\ i \\ different fi-orn affecting a country's terms of trade: real exchange rate movements affect flexible prices of imports and exports in a symmetric way, and a lot of individual prices are changing (and may need to be accounted for) when the real exchange rate is considered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The linkage of real exchange rates to in- ternational capital flows (with these flows driving goods and services trade more than the other way around) is also well understood, as is the interdependence this creates between countrie\\' macroeconomic polices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There re- main disagreements about the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policie\\ and about how to rnanage domestic and international constraints, but Sewer and fewer countries seem tempted to Haunt the evident linkages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Europe has gone so far as to harrnoni~e monetary and fiscal policie5 enough to su\\tain the euro as a unified currency-a rather large step back to a Bretton Woods type of arrangement, and one that might have been unthinkable without the rel- ative stability in exchange markets from 1988 ciated in the 1980\\, did tight monetary policy to 1996."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is appealing to think that monetary ef- icy for agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Did loose monetary policy fects on agricultural prices and trade can bc cause flexible prices (like those for agricultural measured easily with small dynamic models if products) to overshoot their long-run equilib- these effccts are important, but such measure- rium levels, rising relative to more slowly ad- ment has turned out to be a fairly difficult task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "justing (sticky) prices in other sectors? Did I could detect little effect from the money SUP- this account for the price boom in agriculture ply on real U.S. agricultural prices o r export that Schuh had identified with the exchange values in recursive vector autoregressive rate?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Later, when int'lation was being squeezed (VAR) models (Orden 1986a,b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Shocks to ti- out of the U.S. economy and the dollar appre- nancial rnarket variables, such as a short-term Orrlrtl: El\\-c,hrrnge Kate Effrcts 307 interest rate or the exchange rate, had lalger impacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "These shocks explained 20% of fore- cast error variance for exports and 10% for real agricultural prices I year ahead, and over 50% and 25%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "respectively, for a three-year forecast horizon."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0005__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "An increase in the interest rate or the appreciation of the dollar had a de- pressing effect on agriculture."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The dynamic re- sponses to \\uch shocks (which were highly correlated) looked plausible for a monetary contract~on."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sim\\ ( 1980, 1996) has remained skeptical of this interpretation, arguing that in- terest rate shocks more likely come frorn real events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "but other macroeconomists have adopted the view that monetary policy shocks \\how up in small dynamic models through in- terest rates (Lane)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bradshaw and Orden pursued the modeling of exchange rate effects on agriculture in a narrow sense."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We comparecl the out-of-sample forecasting performance of univariate models of monthly U.S. corn, wheat. and soybean ex- port sales with forecasts from bivariate models that included the exchange rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The idea was to test Schuh's exchange rate hypothesis in a tightly \\pecified model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the exchange rate mattered, we hypothesized, it would help pre- dict subsequent export sales."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We found that our best bivariate forecasting ~nodels outper- formed our best univariate models in statisti- cally significant ways, but we would not have found that result if we had limited our search to models specitied with a common lag slruc- ture, often a standard procedure in dynamic time-series modeling."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Orden and Fackler went in a different di- rection to develop further evidence on mone- tary impacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We specified a nonrecursive structurally identitied nod el of oil prices, sup- ply and demand for aggregate output, money supply and demand, international effects (rep- resented through the exchange rate), and ag- ricultural prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Short-run responses to the money supply shock looked plausible: money and output rose first, the dollar depreciated, and the price level increased slowly."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We con- cluded that monetary shocks raised real agri- cultural prices for about 1 year, but our em- pirical estimates also led us to conclude that monetary policy shocks had not been the dom- inant source of agric~~ltural price instability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within macroeconomics, the magnitude of monetary effects on real exchange rates and trade continue to be assessed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eichenbaum and Evans found relatively little monetary effect on the cxchange rate, while Prasad reported that nominal shocks explain a significant frac- tion of short-run real exchange rate variability and have short- and long-run effects on the real trade balance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Building on Lane's open- economy model with a sticky-price sector, Fisher and Huh specified VAR models for real output."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "the real exchange rate, and the real trade balance for each of the G-7 countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They imposed restrictions identifying a struc- tural model with a supply shock as the only source of long-run output effects, a demand shock with possible contemporaneous and short-run effects on output, and a monetary shock with lagged, but not permanent, o~~t p u t effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fisher and Huh found that positive monetary shocks cause depreciation and im- provement in the real trade balance and that monetary shocks explain a substantial propor- tion of the forecast error variance for these real variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In terms of monetary impacts on ngricul- ture, Dorfman and Lastrapes and, most re- cently, Saghaian, Reed. and Marchant have also brought developments in identifying time series n~odels to bear on the measurement of relative price effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dosfman and Lastrapes imposed the theory-derived long-run restric- tion of monetary neutrality to identify policy shocks and used Bayesian techniques to in- vestigate the sensitivity of their results to var- ious aspects of model specification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their identifying restriction insured that price level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "sectoral prices, and money rose equip]-opor- tionately in the long run."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They found plausible short-run monetary policy impacts on interest rates, output, and price level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Again, monetary shocks raised real agricultural prices in the short run but explained only a small fraction of crop and livestock relative price variability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I now return to the relatively narrow task of evaluating exchange rate effects on agricultur- al trade and prices directly, without specifi- cation of an underlying structural model of monetary shocks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 2 traces monthly movements of the real values of U.S. agricul- tural exports ancl imports (in billions of dol- lars) from October 1975 through September 2001 using time series provided by the Eco- nomic Research Service of the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Co-movements of the ex- change rate (Figure 1) and the real export value are apparent: turning points in the direc- tion of the export value correspond to those of the exchange rate, and exports rise with de- preciation and fall with appreciation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Price and quantity effects reinforce each other for export value (e.g.. depreciation raises dollar prices and increases export quantities), whereas for irnport value these effects work against each other (e.g., depreciation raises dollar prices and lowers irnport quantities)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, it is not surprising that import value shows less co- movement with the exchange rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Basic ecoriometric estimates confirm the visilal impression from Figures I and 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a monthly VAR model of the exchange rate and the export value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "the exchange rate shocks can be interpreted to convey ~nacroeconornic ef- fects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "while agricultural export shocks reflect principally sectoral developments."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The ex- change rate appears essentially exogenous (shocks to the exchange rate show little con- temporaneous correlation with shocks to ag- r i c~~l t u r a l export value, and these \"own\" shocks explain over 985% of exchange rate forecast error variance for a 24-nionth hori- zon)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Exchange rate shocks also have explan- atory power for agricultural export value: they explain nearly 10% o f its forecast error vari- ance for a 6-month horizon, nearly 20% for a 12-month horizon, and 35% for a 24-month hori7on."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dynamic responses of esport val- ue to exchange rate and export shocks are shown in Figure 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sectoral shocks show somewhat of a cyclical pattern over 2 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "while an appreciation of the dollar lowers the export value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The exchange rate impacts ap- pear to be significant after a lag of 4 months and then have an increasing cumulative effect throi~gh 24 months"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a similar model of ag- ricultural import value, the exchange rate again appears essentially exogenous, hilt ex- change rate shocks explain less than 2% of forecast error variance of imports through 24 months ahead."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, they have essentially no explariatory power in the rnodel for this side of aggregate U.S. agricultural trade."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Turning to exchange rate effects on agri- cultural prices, Xu and Orden provide some microeconomic evidence that is supportive of the dichotomy between flexible commodity prices and sticky industrial prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Extending an analysis by Cartel; Gray, and Furtan, Xu and Orden examined the pass-through of quar- terly Canadian1U.S. currency movements to prices of traded agric~~ltural outputs and non- Exchange Rate Shock Export Shock Evidence that the L20P holds more strongly for farm outputs than for inputs is consistent with a fixed-price/flex-price conceptual frame- work with farm commodity prices being Inore responsive to the exchange rate than industrial prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For Canada and the United States. the output price increases associated with a de- valuation are not completely offset by increas- es in input prices."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, farmers in Canada and the United States are affected by different production incentives when currency revalua- tions occur."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consider the effects of the Canadian1U.S. exchange rate on output versus input prices for the I 0-year period 1990- 199 1 to 1999-3000."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During this period. the Canadian dollar depre- ciated by 27.6%;, but farm machinery prices in Canada rose relative to those in the United States by only 4.5%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With the LOP holding approximately for farm outputs, Canz ' 1 d' lan ver- sus U.S. prices of wheat. soybeans, corn, feed- er steers, and slaughter steers relative to farm machinery prices rose from 20.9 to 34.9%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Agricultural output prices in Canada and the United States were also subject to substantial common fluctuations over this period, and the depreciation-related higher prices of the farm- produced outputs raised the costs of slaughter steer production in Canada."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the lack of exchange rate pass-through to farm ma- chinery prices compared with farm outputs means that depreciation provides some posi- tive price incentives in Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With nominal and real depreciation tracking closely, farm output prices also rose relative to the costs of nontraded inputs or a broad index of the price level, again providing a positive production incentive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The analyses dexribed above suggest that real exchange rate movements matter to agricul- ture: they are not always dominant, but they can be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Appreciation of the dollar is observed to create agitation for protection and govern- 310 Jourrzul of Agri~.ult~trcil mzd Applied Econonzic.~, Augu.tr 2002 ment support for trade sectors across indus- Consider the case of the United States and tries and periods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Antidumping complaints the European Union."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Under a strong FAIR from the U.S. steel industry-an industry Act, the European Union would find itself us- whose evolution to a capital-intensive c o n - ing acreage controls to sustain its farm policies petitive sector parallels that of agriculture- while the United States pursued markct-driven are a reminder of the political pressures cur- production levels unfettered by annual ]and rency movements engender."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Calls for a use restrictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This situation would reverse lower-valued dollar have been echoed recently the previous relative effects on the competi- across Inany trade-dependent U.S. industries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "tiveness of policies in the two blocs, where In agriculture, the 1996 Federal Agricul- from 1980 through 1995 the United States turd Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act used supply controls and the European Union, has suffered a near-death experience since for the part, did not, ~h~ E~~~~~~~ 1998."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The wounds may prove fatal as 4 years union would be placed at a colnpetitive dis- of injections of substantial additional support advantage by the new mix."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "simulta- beyond that included in the 1996 legislation neOusly, the united states would be positioned gives way to a new farm bill in 2002."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Farm to press the E~~~~~~~ union i n international bill proposals include new permanent counter- negotiations increase market access and dis- cyclical support programs providing billions cipline domestic and export subsidies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "s u c h of dollars in subsidies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Loan rates may be action include giving up the raised, and acreage base and/or yield updating World Trade Organization exemptions for in the new bill could further undermine the with tied to production d e c o u~l i n g of farm from production controls, since the United States would no Ion- decisions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, the strong appreciation of the ger be using these exempted policies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Eu- d o l l a~ which has pLlshed u.S. prices down and ropean Union has reasons of its own to move helped to set the stage for the enactment of toward decoupling and subsidy reductions as added support, is proving detrimental to farm it tries to accommodate expanded mernber- policy by undermining reform in the United ship."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, convergent influences might cul- States."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "minate in further movement"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "T h i s paper has e x a m i n e d t h e cluestio~l o f e x - c h a n g e rate effects o n agriculture raised force- fully by G. E d w a r d S c h u h s o m e 25 years a g o , w h e n a n e w e r a of flexible e x c h a n g e rates a n d international capital rnobility e m e r g e d world- wide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "E x c h a n g e rate m o v e m e n t s detestnine t h e w e d g e between the d o m e s t i c a n d foreign pric- e s o f a traded g o o d ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "M o r e generally, they s e r v e a n equilibrating role w h e n m a r k e t s re- quire a systematic m o v e m e n t in the relative prices o f traded a n d nontraded g o o d s ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "E x - c h a n g e rate rnovenients d e p e n d o n internation- al capital flows a n d the m a c r o e c o n o m i c fac- t o r s d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s e f l o w s , i n c l u d i n g monetary policy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "M o n e t a r y s h o c k s h a v e non- neutral effects that explain s o m e o f t h e vari- ability in agricultural prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, mac- roeconomic conditions a r e often decisive in t h e determination of d o m e s t i c agricultural po- lices and, hence, levels of c o~n p e t i t i v e n e s s in world markets a n d tension in trade relations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "T h e s e structural policy implications o f ex- c h a n g e rate movements."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__original__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "a l o n g w i t h their direct effects o n markets at a n y given m o m e n t in time, a r e w h y e x c h a n g e rates are important t o agriculture."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3731__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 28, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [28, 28, 28], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effects of the exchange rate, the U.S. agricultural price, the domestic income, and the interest rate on the U.S. net farm income are investigated in a cointegration framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this purpose, the Phillips-Hansen fully-modified cointegration (FM-OLS) procedure is applied to annual data for the period 1957–2008."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Results suggest that there exists the long-run equilibrium relationship between the U.S. net farm income and the selected macroeconomic variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also find that the exchange rate and U.S. agricultural price are more important than other variables in determining the U.S. net farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Changes in the macroeconomy have significant effects on the performance of the U.S. agricultural economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "During the period 2003–2007, for example, the U.S. and global economies had been experiencing strong growth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Over this period, the real U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) grew by nearly 3% annually."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The rest of the world (less United States) witnessed approximately 4% of the annual real GDP growth rate during the same period, exceeding the annual growth rate of 2.5% during the 1990s (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The U.S. agricultural sector benefited from rising economic prosperity, which resulted in growth in U.S. agricultural exports to record-high levels and historically high agricultural commodity prices (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In addition, significant growth in the use of farm commodities (i.e., corn) for biofuel production contributed to record or near-record commodity prices in recent years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "With double-digit growth rates since 2002, for example, production of fuel ethanol reached a record high of 9.2 billion gallons in 2008, more than 40% increase over 2007."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "As a result, corn prices climbed up to $4.78 per bushel in 2008, a 43% increase from the average of the past 15 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The combination of these factors contributed to growth of 43% in the U.S. net farm income during the period 2003–2007 ($60.5 billion in 2003 and $86.8 billion in 2007) (Figure 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Since 2008, however, this expansion trend has changed dramatically as the financial crisis quickly spread throughout the U.S. economy and the rest of the world, thereby pushing many U.S. trade partners into recessions by the second half of 2008."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "As a result, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) projects that U.S. agricultural exports could decline from $115 billion in 2008 to $96 billion in 2009; in turn, the U.S. net farm income is forecast to plunge as much as 33% (around $60 billion) in 2009 [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Given the dependence of U.S. agriculture on the macroeconomy, it is important to fully understand the macroeconomic factors that contribute to the ever-changing pattern of the U.S. farm economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Over the past decades, many scholars have attempted to investigate the main factors linking U.S. agriculture to the macroeconomy (e.g., exchange rates, interest rates, and income growth patterns), which is referred to as the agriculture-macroeconomy nexus [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "These studies can be generally summarized as follows: (1) their empirical focuses have been typically on the impacts of macroeconomic variables on trade/prices; and (2) their attentions have mostly been on analysis of the short-run adjustment process of U.S. agriculture associated with changes in macroeconomic variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Until recently, however, few studies have considered the effects of macroeconomic variables on the U.S. farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "To our knowledge, Baek and Koo (2009) is the only study that has attempted to address this issue [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "They use an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to examine the short- and long-run effects of changes in macroeconomic variables on the U.S. farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "They conclude that the commodity price and interest rate are significant determinants of the U.S. farm income in both the short- and long-run, while the exchange rate is a significant factor only in the long-run."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "However, their time-series analysis includes agricultural GDP as a proxy for the U.S. net farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "This could be problematic because the two series differ in measuring farm income; e.g., gross value added (agricultural GDP) versus net value added (net farm income), and thus agricultural GDP could be vastly different from net farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "Net farm income is a value of production measure, indicating the farm operators’ share of the net value added to the national economy within a calendar year; in other words, net farm income is defined as the difference between value of agricultural sector production and total production expenses (costs) [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "Further, given that empirical results are contingent on the accuracy of the measures of the U.S. farm income, it is crucial to incorporate net farm income, instead of agricultural GDP, when examining macroeconomic effects on the U.S. farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "Only in so doing, we gain a better understanding and thus more accurate assessments of the nature of these relationships."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0028", "sentence_n": 28, "text": "The objective of this paper is thus to re-examine the dynamic relationship between the U.S. farm income and macroeconomic variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0029", "sentence_n": 29, "text": "To address this issue adequately, unlike previous studies (i.e., Baek and Koo, 2009), we use the most appropriate measure of the U.S. farm income available, that is, the U.S. net farm income, and attempt to identify the long-run equilibrium relationships between U.S. net farm income and macroeconomic aggregates, such as exchange rates, interest rates and income, and agricultural variables, including commodity prices and input prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0030", "sentence_n": 30, "text": "For this purpose, using annual data for the period 1957–2008, we adopt the fully-modified cointegration technique (FM-OLS) developed by Phillips and Hansen (1990) [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0031", "sentence_n": 31, "text": "Since the FM-OLS is less sensitive to changes in lag structure and performs better for small or finite sample sizes than other cointegration techniques (e.g., Engle and Granger, 1987; Johansen, 1988), this approach is a fully efficient method of estimating long-run equilibrium relationships among the selected variables [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0026__s0032", "sentence_n": 32, "text": "The remaining sections present analytical framework, empirical methodology, empirical findings, and conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 16], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Changes in macroeconomic variables have direct and indirect effects on the U.S. farm sector [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The direct effects primarily come from demand and supply side changes within the U.S. economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, on the demand side, changes in the U.S. real income (GDP) often dramatically impact the agricultural economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A decrease in the U.S. GDP, for example, is likely to decrease demand for agricultural goods through the decreased purchasing power of U.S. consumers, which, in turn pushes down agricultural commodity prices and thus farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On the supply side, on the other hand, since U.S. agriculture is a highly capital-intensive industry, changes in U.S. financial markets (i.e., interest rates) significantly influence agricultural markets through the changing costs, influencing investment decisions and interest rate risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A decrease in interest rates, for example, reduces a farmer’s cost of borrowing money for short-term production (operating) costs (e.g., fertilizer, seed, and livestock expenses) and long-term capital investments (e.g., land, machinery, equipment, and inventories), thereby resulting in a positive effect on farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "By contrast, the increasingly unexpected and adverse movement of interest rates could be a source of operating risk for farmers and agribusinesses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A sudden spike in interest rates, for example, is likely to reduce profitability of farms and investment through the increased interest expenses, thereby resulting in a detrimental effect on farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The indirect macroeconomic effects on agriculture mainly originate from their impacts on exchange rates and energy prices (which are fluctuating as changes in U.S. and world economic activities occur)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "According to economic theory, for example, a decrease in U.S. interest rates relative to foreign interest rates causes the demand and value of the U.S. dollar to decrease (depreciation) as foreign investors tend to invest in alternative assets (e.g., foreign government securities)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The depreciation of the U.S. dollar makes U.S. agricultural goods more competitive in both domestic and foreign markets through a decline (rise) in exports (import) prices, thereby contributing to higher farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "A decrease in U.S. GDP, on the other hand, leads to a decline in world economic growth, which, in turn causes energy prices (i.e., crude oil prices) to fall."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Generally, the drop in energy prices has a negative demand-side effect and positive supply-side effects on farm income [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "A decrease in energy prices tends to reduce the costs of production through decreases in the prices of energy-based agricultural inputs (e.g., fertilizer, diesel, and agricultural chemicals), thereby resulting in a positive effect on farm income, known as a positive supply-side effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Lower energy prices (i.e., crude oil prices), on the other hand, may lead to significant decline in the use of farm commodities (i.e., corn) through decreased biofuel production, which, in turn pushes down commodity prices to a level that more than offsets the decrease in production costs resulting from lower energy prices, thereby having a negative effect on farm income, known as a negative demand-side effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0027__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "As such, the fall in energy price may not affect the U.S. farm income uniformly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 11, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We adopt the FM-OLS procedure developed by Phillips and Hansen (1990) to examine dynamic interrelationship between the U.S. net farm income and macroeconomic factors [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The FM-OLS method uses an econometric model as follows: zt = a + b'xt + et where zt is an I(1) variable (i.e., zt=FYt); and xt is a (k × 1) vector of I(1) regressors (i.e., xt =[Pt, GDPt, ERt, IRt]), which are assumed not to be cointegrated among themselves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, it is assumed that xt has the following first-difference stationary process: Dxt = m + vt where m is a (k × 1) vector of drift parameters; and vt is a (k × 1) vector of I(0), or stationary variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, it is also assumed that xt = (et,vt')' is strictly stationary with zero mean and a finite positive-definite covariance matrix S. The OLS estimators of a and b' in Equation (1) are consistent even if xt and et (equivalently vt and et) are contemporaneously correlated [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In general, however, the OLS regression involving nonstationary variables no longer provides the valid interpretations of the standard statistics such as t- and F-statistics in Equation (1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Further, unless nonstationary variables combine with other nonstationary variables to form stationary cointegration relationships, the estimation can falsely represent the existence of a meaningful economic relationship (i.e., spurious regression) [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To address these problems adequately, it is required to correct the possible correlation between vt and et, and their lagged values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The Phillips-Hansen fully-modified ordinary least squares estimator takes account of these correlation in a semi-parametric manner."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "As a result, the FM-OLS is an optimal single-equation technique for estimating with I(1) variables [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The macroeconomic aggregates and agricultural factors described earlier are employed to guide the selection of variables for the cointegration analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Since the main focus of this paper is the explanation of variations in the U.S. net farm income (FYt), variables that are considered to be of central importance in affecting the U.S. net farm income are selected for inclusion in our empirical model as follows: FYt = f(Pt, GDPt, ERt, IRt) where Pt is the agricultural price; GDPt is the real U.S. income; ERt is the exchange rate; and IRt is the interest rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Equation (3) can be specified in a log linear form as follows: ln(FYt) = a + b1ln(Pt) + b2ln(GDPt) + b3ln(ERt) + b4ln(IRt) + et Note that the agricultural price (Pt) here is defined as the ratio of the commodity price to the input price, providing an indication of the change that has occurred in the prices farmers receive for their commodities relative to the change in the cost of inputs, referred to as the agricultural output-input price ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "When this ratio is greater (less) than 1.0, it indicates that farm commodity (input) prices increase at a faster rate than farm input (commodity) prices, thereby having a positive (negative) effect on farm income; hence, it is expected that b1 > 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Since an increase in U.S. income leads to an increase in demand for agricultural products and boosts farm income, it is expected that b2 > 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "As to the effect of exchange rates, it is expected that b3 < 0, since the depreciation of the U.S. dollar causes an increase in exports of agricultural goods and thus farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0028__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Finally, it is expected that b4 < 0 since a rise in interest rates have a negative effect on farm income through the increased production costs and interest rate risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our data used for the analysis contains 52 annual observations for the period 1957–2008."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The U.S. net farm income is obtained from the Economic Research Service in the USDA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The prices received index for all farm products and prices paid index for commodity, services, interest, taxes and wage rates on the 2005 base (2005=100) taken from the National Agricultural Statistics Service are used proxies for agricultural commodity prices and input prices, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The U.S. agricultural price used in Equation (1) is then defined as the ratio of prices received index to prices paid index."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The U.S. real gross domestic product index (2005 = 100) is used as a proxy for the real income of the United States and is obtained from the International Financial Statistics (IFS) database published by the International Monetary Fund."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The effective federal fund rate is used as a proxy for U.S. interest rate and is obtained from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The exchange rate is the trade-weighted (effective) exchange rate (2005 = 100) and is collected from the IFS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Since the exchange rate is expressed as the number of trading partner’s currency per unit of the U.S. dollar, a decline in exchange rate indicates a real depreciation of the U.S. dollar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The GDP deflator (2005 = 100) obtained from the IFS is used to derive real values of U.S. net farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0029__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Finally, all variables are in natural logarithms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 12, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [12, 12, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first requirement for the use of the FM-OLS cointegration procedure is that the variables in Equation (4) must be nonstationary I(1) processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The presence of a unit root in the five variables is tested using the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test [16] and the more recent Dickey-Fuller generalized least squares (DF-GLS) test [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results show that, for the level series, the ADF and DF-GLS tests fail to reject the null of nonstationary for all the five variables at the 5% level (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the first-differenced series, on the other hand, the results of these tests indicate that all the variables are stationary; thus, we conclude that all the variables are nonstationary I(1) processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both unit root tests include deterministic components of an intercept and a trend."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It should be pointed out that, since the FM-OLS is a single-equation cointegration procedure, it is essentially valid in the presence of a single cointegration vector."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As a preliminary investigation to identify the number of cointegration vectors, therefore, we employ the widely used Johansen multivariate cointegration procedure [18] using the same set of variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The results of rank tests show that, with a lag length of one (k = 1) and an unrestricted constant and a linear trend, the trace statistics reject the null of no cointegrating vector (r = 0), but fail to reject the null of one cointegrating vector (r = 1) at the 5% significance level (Table 2), suggesting the existence of a unique long-run relationship among the five variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "With one identified cointegrating vector, the test for long-run exclusion is then conducted to examine whether any of the five variables can be excluded from a cointegrating vector."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The results show that all five variables are statistically relevant to the cointegrating space and cannot be excluded from the long-run relationship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Finally, using the relevant long-run coefficients (b1) estimated by the Johansen method and normalizing on the U.S. net farm income (FYt), the signs and magnitude of other four variables (Pt, GDPt, ERt, and IRt) in the long-run relationship are consistent with those estimated using the FM-OLS estimator."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0030__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "From these findings, therefore, the use of the FM-OLS cointegration analysis can be justified to estimate Equation (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With strong evidence that each of our data series is nonstationary I(1) processes, the FM-OLS is applied to estimate the long-run cointegration relationship in Equation (4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results of the ADF and DF-GLS tests performed on the residuals from the estimated Equation (4) show that the null hypothesis can be rejected at the 5% level (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This suggests the existence of long-run relationship between FYt and the set of explanatory variables (Pt, GDPt, ERt, and IRt) in Equation (4); in other words, even though individual series may have trends or cyclical or seasonal variations, the movements in one variable are matched (at least approximately) by movements in other variables [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, the results show that all estimates are statistically significant at the 5% level and have the expected signs (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A positive coefficient of the agricultural output-input price ratio on the net farm income suggests that, in the long-run, U.S. farm income goes up as agricultural commodity prices increase at a faster rate than agricultural input prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A negative coefficient of the exchange rate on the net farm income indicates that the weakening U.S. dollar makes the price of U.S. agricultural goods more competitive abroad and leads to an increase in U.S. agricultural exports, thereby boosting the farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In fact, since U.S. agriculture is a heavily trade-dependent sector, agricultural trade is a significant contributor to the U.S. farm economy; during the period 2000–2007, for example, the farm share of U.S. economic activity generated by agricultural exports ranged from 26% to 41%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A positive coefficient of the real GDP on the net farm income implies that a rise in real domestic income leads to an increase in demand for agricultural goods through the increased purchasing power of U.S. consumers, thereby enhancing the farm income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Finally, a negative coefficient of the interest rate on the net farm income suggests that an increase in interest rates have a significant adverse effect on the farm income through the increasing costs and interest rate risk."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It should be pointed out that among the macroeconomic factors, the exchange rate is more pronounced than the real GDP and interest rate in determining the U.S. net farm income (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "For example, a 1% decrease in the exchange rate causes the farm income to increase by approximately 0.84%, while the farm income increases by only 0.14%, given a 1% increase in the real GDP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The most likely explanation for a relatively smaller income effect is that, since U.S. consumers spend a small portion of their disposable income for food and have a sufficiently high standard of living, demand for agricultural goods may not be sensitive to changes in real income; in other words, the income elasticity of demand for most types of food is pretty low in the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "As for a weak interest rate effect, on the other hand, one plausible explanation is that farmers now have a wider range of risk management tools such as hedging, crop insurance, and forward contracts to manage financial risks and thus increase their resilience to the temporary shocks resulting from financial uncertainty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "For completeness, we also estimate the error-correction model using the residual obtained from Equation (4) in order to examine the short-run adjustment to long-run steady state, as well as to confirm the existence of the cointegration relationship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "The results show that the coefficient of the error-correction term (ect–1) is negative and statistically significant at the 5% level (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The negatively significant coefficient of ect–1 implies that the equilibrium relationship will hold in the long-run, even with shocks to the system; with a shock to the U.S. agricultural market, for example, the U.S. net farm income adjusts by 15% to the long-run equilibrium in a year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Additionally, the statistically significant ect–1 further supports the validity of cointegrating relationship in Equation (4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0031__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Finally, the multivariate diagnostic tests on the estimated model as a system indicate no serious problems with serial correlation, heteroskedasticity, and normality; hence, the model is well defined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper we re-examine the main factors linking the U.S. farm income to the U.S. macroeconomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To address this issue adequately, we use the more appropriate framework for representing the farm sector’s income statement, that is, the U.S. net farm income, and attempt to assess the effects of the exchange rate, the U.S. agricultural price, the domestic income (GDP), and the interest rate on the U.S. net farm income in a cointegration framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this purpose, the FM-OLS cointegration procedure is applied to annual time-series data from 1957–2008."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The results of the FM-OLS suggest that there is one stable long-run equilibrium relationship between the U.S. net farm income and the selected macroeconomic variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The negatively significant coefficient of the error-correction term in the vector error correction model further validates the existence of an equilibrium relationship among the variables."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__critique__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We also find that the exchange rate and U.S. agricultural price are more powerful determinants of the U.S. net farm income than other variables such as domestic income and interest rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3731__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article explores the similarities, differences, and implications from the 1970s–1980s experience for the macroeconomic dynamic that may arise from the 2008 price spike and subsequent recession."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Role of monetary policy (deviations from Taylor rule) is assessed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is an argument that has not been too prominent in public discourse about causes of the financial crisis or the policies undertaken to restore stability to financial markets and avoid an even deeper downturn than occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The \"misery index\" is compared across the past and recent macroeconomic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Effects on agriculture of exchange rates are reviewed, effects dependent on currency values and interest rates that can change quickly and in unexpected ways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The commodity price spike that peaked in the first half of 2008 raised the specter of high farm product prices not felt since the early 1970s, and the recession of 2007–2009 has proven to be the worst global downturn since the Great Depression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One line of reasoning is that monetary policies played a central role in each of these periods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The comparison is inflationary financing of the Vietnam War (leading to breakdown of fixed exchange rates) and subsequent expansionary monetary policy designed to soften the mid-1970s recession having a parallel in loose monetary policy to ease the post-9/11 downturn setting the stage for an excessive boom and the depth of the current recession."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is an interesting but imperfect parallel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We know from history that the 1970s policies, although perhaps easing that recession, also postponed part of the pain, which was then incurred in a dynamic of macroeconomic instability (stagflation, recession) that played out over more than a decade."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Are we in for another long period of macroeconomic instability and if so, will monetary policy be central to it? Although making macroeconomic forecasts is fraught with uncertainty, this article explores the implications that can be drawn from the earlier experience for the macroeconomic dynamic that may play out from today’s recession and the implications of this dynamic for agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "These two episodes, one of which was, and one of which is likely to be, a defining set of macroeconomic events for a generation, have both similarities (for example, the previous monetary story) and important differences (for example, differences in oil sector shocks) that may affect how the macroeconomic dynamics evolve in the 2010s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The article is organized as follows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Section 1 reviews the arguments that emerged in the 1970s and early 1980s about macroeconomic effects on agriculture, particularly monetary policy felt through the exchange rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "A review of these arguments, and of the econometric evidence developed about these effects, were the topic of a paper I presented at the 2002 SAEA annual meeting [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Further econometric evidence along these lines is developed in the Baek and Koo (2010) and Saghainan papers in this session, whereas this article is more qualitatively descriptive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Section 2 of the article briefly reviews one main tenant of macroeconomic analysis since the late 1980s—the Taylor (2008) rule that has replaced the earlier Friedman (1953) rule as a proposed steady-growth anchor for monetary policy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The third section returns to the issue of exchange rate effects on agriculture, reviewing two recent studies and the concern about sustainability of large U.S. current account deficits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "A few concluding observations are made about what may come next in macroeconomic dynamics and agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0033__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "I can only characterize these as casual (but directed) prompts to discussion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 21, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [21, 21, 21], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When the U.S. abandoned the Bretton Woods agreement on relative fixity of exchange rates in 1971, a new era of international capital mobility was launched and the rules of the game for macroeconomic interdependence among nations were altered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Twenty years earlier, Milton Friedman had argued in his classic article \"The Case for Flexible Exchange Rates\" that open markets for currencies were the least disruptive mechanism for managing adjustments to changes affecting international payments [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That view seemed finally to have come into its time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Yet looking back from a vantage point 35 years after the U.S. gave up its fixed exchange rate, the economic turmoil that followed the initial devaluation and subsequent floating the dollar against other major currencies was not anticipated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The turmoil included, for the U.S., substantial inflation through the 1970s, then movements in the real exchange rate—sequential appreciation followed by depreciation during the 1980s—in excess of 40% over periods of several years’ duration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Forty percent is a significant realignment in relative prices and several years is long enough to force economic adjustments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Within agriculture, the \"new macroeconomics\" of the world economy has had substantial implications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Nominal agricultural prices skyrocketed along with other primary commodity prices early in the 1970s with inflationary monetary policies and dollar flexibility at least partly responsible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "International capital flows expanded after two decades of slow growth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The U.S. trade deficit turned increasingly negative, but agricultural exports, in particular exports through commercial channels, not foreign aid, rose strongly through the 1970s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "By the late 1970s, agricultural exports were up, but real agricultural prices and net farm income were down."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Things got much worse when the dollar began to appreciate beginning in 1980."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Exports fell by nearly one-third in value by 1985 and, with high interest rates, land prices could not be sustained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "In the ensuing farm financial crisis, supply control interventions and farm program fiscal costs were driven to record levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "A view that emerged from this period of turbulence was that macroeconomic policy effects on agriculture, particularly effects delivered through the exchange rate, can swamp those of agricultural policy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The classic modern article on exchange rate impacts on agriculture in the U.S. was written by G. Edward Schuh (1974) and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics in February 1974 [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Schuh made the fundamental argument that the exchange rate was an omitted variable in economic analysis of the U.S. farm sector, and he drew sweeping implications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Throughout the 1950s, the \"farm problem\" had been described as one of technical change that induced a shift in production toward land-augmenting intermediate and capital inputs, lowered the real prices at which agricultural products could be procured, and put severe adjustment pressure on the farm sector, particularly farm labor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Agricultural policy interventions of the time (high support prices and land retirements) were perceived to overvalue agricultural resources relative to free markets, leading to welfare costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "A paradox was a country with an advanced agriculture being dependent on export subsidization instead of being competitive in world markets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Schuh argued for a new interpretation of these developments: the U.S. dollar had become overvalued in the early 1950s and overvaluation had depressed agricultural prices and exports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "This had led to a socially inefficient undervaluation of agricultural resources; it had induced even more technical change, thus aggravating what would have been in any case a serious problem of structural adjustment; and it had resulted in a larger share of the benefits of technical change going to consumers rather than producers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "In this interpretation, farm policies had served to offset negative exchange rate impacts on the farm production sector."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "When those farm policies started to shift in the 1960s toward letting prices fall and compensating farmers with direct cash payments instead of high price supports, prices fell toward the disequilibrium levels associated with exchange rate overvaluation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "In Schuh’s view, devaluation in the 1970s restored the dollar to a more nearly equilibrium value and, as a consequence, agriculture experienced a macroeconomic-led boom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "As he put it: \"If this interpretation is correct, an important share of the rise in agricultural prices in mid-1973 is a result of monetary phenomena which induced an export boom in an economy that was already responding to expansive monetary policies, and in the case of agriculture, increased the foreign demand for U.S. output at the same time that this demand was already rising from temporary bad weather conditions in other countries and a temporary decline in the Peruvian fishmeal industry\" (p. 12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0034__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "As stated in the previous summary lines, Schuh persistently tied his assessment of exchange rate effects on agriculture closely to monetary policy effects on the exchange rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [23, 7, 10], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By the early 1970s, expansionary monetary policy resulting from seeking \"guns and butter\" in the late 1960s without raising corresponding tax revenue made it infeasible to maintain the fixed dollar exchange rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Devaluing the dollar and then letting it float against major currencies induced a monetary-driven boom in commodity prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When a supply-side oil shock added further upward pressure to commodity prices and threatened a slowdown in the economy, a response of further monetary expansion to accommodate the supply shock created further inflationary pressure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whereas the traditional expectation was that inflation resulting from monetary expansion would dampen unemployment, in this case, both rose simultaneously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A new term, \"stagflation,\" entered macroeconomic discussion and a new measure arose in public discourse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The \"misery index\" was a simple sum of the unemployment rate and the inflation rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Hardly a theoretical construct, the misery index nonetheless captured the new dynamic not of an inflation/unemployment trade-off, but of a cascading of undesirable outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The unemployment rate and misery index are shown in Figure 1 for the period 1970–2009."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "These are indicators of performance of the economy in terms of what can plausibly be considered the two fundamental objectives of macroeconomic policy: achieving price stability and maintaining full employment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The years 1973–1985 are an evident rough time in relation to these objectives and can be called the stagflation period in which both of these rates and their sum were persistently higher than they had previously been or have been subsequently."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Unemployment remained above 5% and the misery index remained above 10% for 13 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Peaks of misery (index over 15%) occur in 1974–1975 and 1979–1982."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Looking in more detail, inflation and unemployment rise simultaneously in 1974 after a sharp oil-price shock."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "During 1975, unemployment rises but inflation falls and from 1976–1979, unemployment falls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Inflation jumps up in 1979, with a second oil shock, and in 1980, inflation and unemployment again both rise."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "How did agriculture fare during the stagflation period? Two basic indicators are shown in Figure 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The level of (deflated) net farm income is a basic performance measure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The amount of that income coming from direct government payments is a key indicator of the agricultural policy stance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Net farm income jumps in 1973 to what in retrospect remains an outlier of its highest value over the 40 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Net farm income is still well above its early 1970s level in 1974 and 1975; the 1973–1975 period is the boom Schuh attributed in part to expansionary monetary policy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Then net farm income comes down from its peak during the next 2 years of relative macroeconomic misery, nor is farm sector performance measured by net farm income particularly strong in the midyears of the stagflation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "The latter part of the stagflation period is associated with the tight post-1979 monetary policy designed to bring down the rate of inflation, which drops from 13% in 1979 to just 2% in 1986."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "The consequences of this monetary policy are severe for agriculture: net farm income drops sharply from over $70 billion in 1979 and remains below that level for the next 9 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0035__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "The collapse sets the stage for payments to farmers becoming much larger as a share of net income in the mid-1980s."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Not surprisingly, attention in agricultural economics turned to assessing the effects of macroeconomic instability on agriculture during the stagflation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The earliest attempts to evaluate Schuh’s argument empirically were conducted in a partial equilibrium spatial modeling framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This work focused on assessing the elasticities of price transmission and of supply and demand that affected trade of agricultural products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The assessments seemed able to attribute only a small part of the substantial relative price movements in the early 1970s to the exchange rate—results consistent with Schuh’s long-run equilibrium claim but not supportive of the exchange rate being as significant an omitted variable as he described, at least when it came to the inflationary farm sector boom that was occurring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Partial equilibrium spatial modeling subsequently gave way to computable general equilibrium models—models that offered a more complete linkage of real exchange rate movements to underlying causes, accounted for market equilibrium for multiple traded and nontraded goods, and provided somewhat more support for real exchange rate effects on agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On another level, the attempt to understand exchange rate impacts on agriculture became redirected, like macroeconomics itself, by the turbulence in the world economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Exchange rates did not settle down to an equilibrium devaluation approximately 10–15% during the 1970s, and macroeconomic policies seemed to be spinning out of control compared with the relative stability of the preceding period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This brought attention to Schuh’s broader claim about the importance of monetary policy for agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Did loose monetary policy cause flexible prices (like those for agricultural products) to overshoot their long-run equilibrium levels rising relative to more slowly adjusting (sticky) prices in other sectors? Did this account for the price boom in agriculture that Schuh had identified with the exchange rate?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Later, when inflation was being squeezed out of the U.S. economy and the dollar appreciated in the 1980s, did tight monetary policy cause real agricultural prices to fall?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The argument that monetary policy has non-neutral effects on agricultural prices is hardly a new one (such effects had been argued forcefully by George Warren [1928] during the 1920s) [4]. With newly floating exchange rates after 1973, this nonneutrality argument was given renewed impetus by an influential model of Rudiger Dornbusch (1976) [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In the Dornbusch model, monetary expansions that lower domestic interest rates cause exchange rate overshooting so that subsequent appreciation maintains arbitrage conditions equating returns on domestic and foreign assets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Several research efforts provided a basis for assessing these effects on exchange rates, and by extension on flexible agricultural prices, in traditional macroeconomic econometric models; among them were Hughes and Penson (1985) [6] and Rausser et al. ( 1986) [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The latter authors used results from such a model to argue that deflationary monetary policy had \"taxed\" agriculture significantly in the early 1980s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Yet a third approach to empirical modeling adopted the methods of time-series analysis to seek causal relationships and dynamic impacts from monetary indicators to agriculture in small dynamic models without too many a priori restrictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "These models provided an alternative to overidentified structures imposed either by traditional Keynesians or by the new neoclassical rational expectations school."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Early work on empirical modeling of monetary effects on agriculture by Bessler (1984) [8], Chambers (1984) [9], and myself (for example, Orden and Fackler, 1989) [10], among others, adopted this approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "This was followed later by such papers as Dorfman and Lastrapes (1996) [11], and Saghaian, Reed, and Marchant (2002) [12], which brought additional developments in identifying time-series models to bear on measurement of relative price effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Dorfman and Lastrapes (1996) imposed the theory-derived long-run restriction of monetary neutrality to identify policy shocks and used Bayesian techniques to investigate sensitivity of their results to various aspects of model specification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Their identifying restriction ensured that the price level, sectoral prices, and money rose equiproportionately in the long run."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "They found plausible short-run monetary policy impacts on interest rates, output, and the price level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Again, monetary shocks raised real agricultural prices in the short run but explained only a small fraction of crop and livestock relative price variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Saghaian, Reed, and Marchant (2002) developed a Dornbusch type of model that explicitly incorporated a flex-price as well as sticky-price sector."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Their theoretical results showed that overshooting in the flex-price sector dampens exchange rate overshooting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0036__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "In their empirical analysis, agricultural commodity prices and industrial prices overshoot their long-run equilibrium in relation to the money supply with agricultural prices again rising relative to industrial prices in the short run."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in Figure 1, macroeconomic performance from the mid-1980s through the late 2000s is more stable than during the stagflation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some macroeconomists have dubbed this period the \"great moderation.\" One can see the basis for this claim, even if a bit of hubris now seems evident with the depth of the recession that began in 2007."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, at a global level, macroeconomic performance was not as stable during this period as shown for the U.S. [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Still, during the great moderation period, the misery index exceeds 10% in the U.S. only in the 3 years 1990–1992 and, for the most part, unemployment is below 5% in all years but these 2009."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One line of reasoning about the relatively good macroeconomic performance since the mid-1980s is that monetary policy has been managed with moderation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is illustrated in Figure 3, which shows the movement of the federal funds rate quite closely to what is called the Taylor rule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This rule proposed by John Taylor in 1993 relates the federal funds rate to a long-run inflation target along lines of the earlier Friedman rule for stable monetary growth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, the Taylor rule also allows for setting interest rates countercyclically to respond to short-run deviations of real gross domestic product from a measure of potential real gross domestic product."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Taylor argues that his rule, centered around a target inflation rate of 2%, basically described behavior of the monetary authority (the Federal Open Market Committee [FOMC])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "More importantly, he argues that following this rule contributed significantly to successful macroeconomic outcomes in terms of inflation and unemployment [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "William Poole (2007), president of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, notes several deviations by the FOMC from the Taylor rule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "For example, the rate was raised above what the rule suggested in 1989 in response to rising inflation (Figure 3) and was lowered more than the rule suggested in 1990–1991 and kept down in 1992–1994 in response to recession."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "It was lowered again in 1998 compared with the level suggested by the Taylor rule in the wake of the Asian financial crisis and other financial turmoil [15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "How does agriculture fare during the great moderation period? As shown in Figure 3, agricultural income is also relatively stable after the mid-1980s compared with the stagflation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "In that sense, one might say that agriculture shares in the relative calm and prosperity that is reflected in the macroeconomic indicators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "During the worst episode for the misery index during this period, agriculture is not adversely affected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Conversely, agriculture suffers a relative downturn during 1998–2002 with net farm income held up by a substantial increase in government payments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The financial crisis in Asia and slowdown in the world economy contributed to this agricultural downturn on the demand side."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "However, the U.S. misery index is at its lowest ebb during these years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "After 2001, a substantial deviation from the Taylor rule is evident in Figure 1 with monetary policy more expansionary than the rule suggests as a guide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "This followed the disruption of 9/11."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Taylor acknowledges that the monetary authorities were very clear that they were pursuing a discretionary policy to address a fear of adverse effects from deflation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "To Taylor, \"there was no greater or more persistent deviation of actual Fed policy since the turbulent days of the 1970s.\" He subsequently has argued that this monetary excess was \"the main cause of the boom and the resulting bust\" that followed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "The loose monetary policy during this period induced the housing boom (a phenomenon also observed in the 1970s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "Not only did low interest rates directly spark higher asset prices, but also indirectly those low rates induced lower default rates and more risky lending practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "Worldwide, the U.S. policy contributed to lower interest rates as well, and internationally interest rates correlated negatively across countries with the extent of their housing boom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "When interest rates were raised starting in 2004, it marked the end of the boom period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0028", "sentence_n": 28, "text": "Because that boom had been excessive as a result of loose monetary policy, the bust that followed was also too severe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0029", "sentence_n": 29, "text": "Taylor’s argument for the centrality of monetary policy does not end there."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0030", "sentence_n": 30, "text": "Rather, he argues the initial responses to the crisis were misdirected toward increasing liquidity rather than recognizing that increased risk was the central issue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0031", "sentence_n": 31, "text": "Furthermore, when interest rates were lowered very sharply between August 2007 and April 2008, it induced a sharp depreciation of the dollar and contributed to the large increase in oil prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0032", "sentence_n": 32, "text": "For a brief time, it appeared that stagflation might return—that inflation would pick up even while the economy slowed and unemployment rose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0033", "sentence_n": 33, "text": "However, events have not played out that way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0034", "sentence_n": 34, "text": "The commodity price spike in 2008 subsided with the depth of the financial collapse that occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0035", "sentence_n": 35, "text": "Even with the extraordinary measures taken by the Federal Reserve to stabilize the financial sector, inflation also subsided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0036", "sentence_n": 36, "text": "Unemployment rose to its highest level since 1982, but the misery index is still below the level that occurred during that year from the stagflation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0037__s0037", "sentence_n": 37, "text": "It remains below its 1990–1992 peak level from within the great moderation period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 45, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [45, 45, 45], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3731", "paragraph_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The preceding section has brought up to date the argument about the key role of monetary policy that Schuh emphasized in his assessments of exchange rate impacts on agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "I do not mean to argue that this has been the dominant line of macroeconomic reasoning during the turmoil since 2007."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clearly a substantial debate will now ensue in macroeconomics about the wisdom of the extraordinary measures the Federal Reserve has taken, the risk of deflationary damage to the economy that existed or was avoided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Importantly, this debate will address the stance of monetary policy as the economy picks up and whether appropriate steps are taken to avoid an upturn of inflation [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As these arguments are made, and how ever events unfold, it is evident that on a basic level, Schuh’s emphasis on exchange rate effects on agriculture has become part of mainstream assessments for this sector of the economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Here, I call attention to two recent studies, one an ex post evaluation of causes of the sharp run up of agricultural and other commodity prices in 2007–2008 and the second an ex ante evaluation of projected agricultural performance under alternative global macroeconomic scenarios."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the first study, Abbott, Hurt, and Tyner (2008) put substantial weight on the depreciation of the dollar as an explanation of the high dollar-denominated agricultural and oil prices in 2007–2008 [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Specifically, they show that dollar-denominated prices rose quite a bit more than prices denominated in real Euros or the USDA index of real foreign currency costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For example, corn and wheat dollar prices increased by 143% and 217%, respectively, from 2002 to March 2008, but those prices rose only 37% and 79%, respectively, in real Euros (46% and 91% using the USDA index)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Abbott, Hurt, and Tyner (2008) contrast these results to the similar percentage increases that occurred in prices denominated in these terms for the commodity price spike of 1995–1996."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "They conclude (pp. 37–38) that the difference highlights \"the key role played by exchange rates (or whatever they are a symptom of) in the current [2007–2008] price run-ups.\" They attribute the dollar depreciation to a variety of causes, among them, the persistent large U.S. trade deficits, the credit crisis making the U.S. a less safe haven for investments, and the Federal government’s interest rate cuts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, they remain eclectic about disentangling the various causes of dollar depreciation as opposed to measuring its effects on commodity prices denominated in different currencies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "In a forward-looking analysis, Shane et al. ( 2009) contrast projections of agricultural exports, prices, and net farm income for a base scenario of moderate dollar appreciation (approximately 20% from 2008–2017), a stronger dollar (appreciation of approximately 40% by 2017), and a weaker dollar (depreciation of 4% from 2008–2017) [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "These alternatives reflect quite a lot of uncertainty about the future value of the dollar but include less of a range than the exchange rate variation experienced in the 1973–1986 period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Shane et al. ( 2009) identify whether the U.S. trade balance improves as the key macroeconomic outcome associated with the dollar’s value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "They introduce different exogenous levels of the exchange rate into a global macroeconomic model (the Oxford Global Macroeconomic Model)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The model then determines a path of macroeconomic outcomes (trade balance, GDP growth rates, oil prices, interest rates, inflation, and so on) consistent with the exchange rate assumption."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "These macroeconomic results are then fed into an agricultural sector model (PEATSim)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "The macroeconomic scenarios of an appreciating dollar reflect continued large trade deficits financed by borrowing abroad, whereas depreciation is associated with an improvement of the trade balance, which the authors argue will be more sustainable in the long term."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "The alternative scenarios lead to quite different projections for U.S. agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Agricultural exports increase to $98 billion by 2017 in the base scenario of moderate appreciation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Exports are only $68 billion by 2017 with the stronger appreciation, whereas the weak dollar scenario results in exports increasing to $137 billion, nearly double the outcome from the strong dollar case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Exports of livestock products (pork and poultry) are most sensitive to the dollar’s value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Agricultural commodity prices are in the range of 15–20% higher with a weak dollar than in the base scenario, whereas the scenario of strongest dollar appreciation leads to lower dollar-denominated prices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "Taking output revenue and input costs into account, net farm income declines in the short run (from 2008–2009) in all scenarios, as has occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "Longer-term, net farm income is project at nearly $120 billion in 2017 under a weak dollar but only $70 billion under the strongest dollar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "If one puts stock in results along these lines, they clearly demonstrate the substantial impact the value of the dollar (and associated macroeconomic outcomes) will have on U.S. agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0028", "sentence_n": 28, "text": "The focus by Shane et al. ( and to a lesser extent Abbott et al.) on the U.S. current account imbalance, how it will evolve, whether it is sustainable at recent high levels, and the role exchange rates might play in reducing these deficits reflect a strong second tenant in macroeconomic dialogue (the first being the effects of monetary policy discussed previously)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0029", "sentence_n": 29, "text": "A central argument has been that the U.S. trade deficits are not sustainable, pose serious long-term risks, and should be addressed by coordinated policy actions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0030", "sentence_n": 30, "text": "These arguments have been made, for example, by the macroeconomic group at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, well before the recent financial crisis [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0031", "sentence_n": 31, "text": "Proponents of policy measures to address the nonsustainability of the U.S. trade deficits fear that market forces may at some point respond to this imbalance in a disruptive manner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0032", "sentence_n": 32, "text": "It would be better if it could be addressed by policy coordination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0033", "sentence_n": 33, "text": "The recent financial crisis has certainly been as adverse a shock to the U.S. and world economies as those fearing a harsh correction can have feared."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0034", "sentence_n": 34, "text": "However, it is not clear that it either had its roots in the U.S. current account imbalance or will lead to a substantial adjustment to it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0035", "sentence_n": 35, "text": "At this point, it should be evident that I will hedge my bets on the macroeconomic dynamics that will emerge in the wake of the current deep recession."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0036", "sentence_n": 36, "text": "One of my objectives has been to bring forward the line of reasoning about monetary policy that underlay Schuh’s earlier emphasis on exchange rate effects on agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0037", "sentence_n": 37, "text": "That argument has not been very prominent, at least in my observation, in the public discourse about causes of the financial crisis or the policies undertaken to restore stability to financial markets and avoid an even deeper recession then has occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0038", "sentence_n": 38, "text": "A second objective has been to compare the recent agricultural commodity price boom with that of the 1970s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0039", "sentence_n": 39, "text": "The evidence shows some similarities (e.g. the effects of depreciation on agricultural prices) but also a fundamental dissimilarity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0040", "sentence_n": 40, "text": "Although momentarily it looked in mid-2008 that a new stagflation might occur, since then, U.S. inflation has subsided, at least so far."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0041", "sentence_n": 41, "text": "The misery index remains at just 10%, not near its high levels of the 1970s and 1980s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0042", "sentence_n": 42, "text": "That index came into use to reflect an era of macroeconomic explosion not implosion, and it may not be well suited to measuring misery in a deflationary period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0043", "sentence_n": 43, "text": "Third, what will happen to the value of the dollar? It could remain weak for several reasons, for example because of the large U.S. trade deficits or low U.S. interest rates [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0044", "sentence_n": 44, "text": "However, it could also strengthen as inflation worldwide exceeds U.S. rates or monetary policy is tightened to suppress U.S. inflation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0045", "sentence_n": 45, "text": "The two recent studies reviewed demonstrate the substantial effects of the value of the dollar on agriculture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0046", "sentence_n": 46, "text": "It is worth keeping in mind in this context that the recent boom of high agricultural prices and net farm income has occurred in a period of a weak dollar and exceptionally low interest rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3731__response__p0038__s0047", "sentence_n": 47, "text": "Those circumstances can change and can change quickly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3731/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110871144_W1574588539_W2147342737", "triad_name": "triad_3731", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3731__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is among the most admired classical music composers, with over 750 works encompassing symphonies, concertos, string quartets, piano sonatas, and opera. 1 However, his musical talent was contrasted by deteriorating health issues, including gradual hearing loss leading to deafness and liver disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He was born into a family with alcohol use disorder af- fecting his grandmother (Maria Josepha Poll) and father (Johann van Beethoven) and started using alcohol during his teenage years, 2 eventually meeting the current criteria for alcohol use disorder of the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "3 In the second decade of his life, Beethoven suffered from recurrent diarrhea, and in the third - from severe abdominal pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From at least 1798, at age 28, he began to experience gradual hearing impairment, beginning from high tone frequencies, initially affecting the left ear more than the right, and accompanied by increasing tinnitus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "4-6 In 1801 he wrote in a letter to Franz Wegeler that his hearing gradually worsened over the last three years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "7 This has eventually led to the need for communication by written notes and deafness at the age of 44-45."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the summer of 1821, he developed the first of two documented cases of jaundice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "8 In December 1826, he contracted pneumonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "During the same period, he had second jaundice and swelling of the lower extremities, po- tentially indicating liver failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The clinical condition steadily de- teriorated, accompanied by weight loss, ascites requiring consecutive paracentesis, increasing cognitive issues, irritability, and depressive states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Beethoven died in an unconscious state on 26 March 1827."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "An autopsy performed a day later found, among other things, ascites, a greatly enlarged spleen and pancreas, necrosis of the renal papillae, and hepatic atrophy and cirrhosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0001__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "9,10"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even though the etiology of Beethoven's hearing loss gained substantial scientific interest, not a single paper has offered viral hepatitis as an explanation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "6 Moreover, some authors even excluded it, e.g., by claiming that the hepatitis B virus (HBV) \"was not known to exist before the twentieth century\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "11 The empirical evidence contradicts this statement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "HBV DNA has been successfully isolated from biological samples from medieval and neolith."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "12 Instead, the most frequently suggested causes of Beethoven's illness included lead intoxication, inflammatory bowel disease, syphilis, otosclerosis, Paget's disease, neural deafness, sarcoidosis, and systemic lupus er- ythematosus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "6 Among these, chronic lead exposure appears unlikely since Hiller lock, a hair sample reportedly cut from Beethoven's head the day he died and demonstrated to contain highly elevated levels of this metal, 13 was unequivocally excluded to originate from the composer by a recent genomic analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "14 Moreover, the polygenic score for inflammatory bowel disease, which some authors offered as a joint diagnosis for Beethoven's hearing loss and liver cirrhosis, 15 has placed him in the ninth risk percentile, indicating the existence of protective genetic factors (OR, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.15-1.0) 14 ; thus the involvement of this disease is highly doubtful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Syphilis infection, common in the nineteenth century, has been excluded based on biographical information, the progressive onset of hearing loss in- stead of sudden deafness, and lack of typical anamnestic and au- toptic findings during the autopsy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Moreover, autoptic gross examination of Beethoven's middle ears excluded the presence of otosclerotic foci."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "16 It cannot be ruled out that he suffered from sys- temic lupus erythematosus since polygenic analysis placed him in the 93rd risk percentile (OR, 95%CI: 2.96, 1.54-5.67), but not a single unambiguous disease-causing gene variant was identified."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "14 The involvement of chronic HBV infection in Beethoven's health issues is plausible if one considers the following: (i) Beethoven had hepatic cirrhosis as evidenced during the autopsy, 10 (ii) HBV infection can lead to various extrahepatic manifestations that potentially could be directly or indirectly related to otologic complications, and (iii) HBV DNA, indicating infection with D2 HBV subgenotype was confirmed using genomic hair analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0002__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "14"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper outlines a hypothesis that associates HBV infection with Beethoven's hearing loss and provides evidence supporting it."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to our hypothesis, Beethoven suffered from chronic HBV infection, and viral infection was acquired in the early years, pro- gressing from an immunetolerant phase to immune clearance in his late twenties, triggering hearing issues that gradually progressed till deafness at the age of 44-45."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the meantime, HBV infection en- tered the non-replication phase with at least two episodes of re- activation in the fifth decade of life, accompanied by jaundice attacks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Increased alcohol consumption and high polygenic risk of liver disease 14 could further exaggerate the effects of HBV infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We hope that this paper will encourage further studies on the re- lationship between hearing loss and viral hepatitis in patients cur- rently affected in different world regions patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 1, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Viral hepatitis can be associated with various extrahepatic manifestations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These include, among many, polyarteritis nodosa, a systemic vasculitis characterized by necrotizing inflammatory le- sions that affect medium-sized and small muscular arteries, pre- ferentially at vessel bifurcations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "17 Since it may affect different organs, the presenting symptoms will vary and may also include conductive or sensorineural hearing loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "18-22 It is estimated that approximately 7% of patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) are also developing polyarteritis nodosa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "23 The primary role in its onset appears to be related to circulating hepatitis B antigen/ antibody complexes, which at the same time do not appear to be pathogenic for the liver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "24 In line with the potential occurrence of polyarteritis nodosa, Beethoven's auditory arteries were described in the autopsy report as \"thickened and cartilaginous as though stretched over a raven's quill\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "25 In addition, ocular manifestations can occur in 10-20% of patients with polyarteritis nodosa, leading to eye inflammation in the form of uveitis or keratitis, 26,27 both suspected in Beethoven when he reported a painful eye in 1823-1824."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "25 Under this scenario, Beethoven's hearing loss could result from processes secondary to, but related to, hepatitis B. However, the direct involvement of viral infection in the inner ear, where HBV could gain access through the hematogenous route, and subsequent inflammation cannot be ex- cluded since HBV was suggested to infect endothelial cells and neurons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "28-30 Although a sodium taurocholate cotransporting poly- peptide, a liver-specific bile acid transporter, has been identified as a bona fide receptor for HBV cellular entry, 31,32 recent evidence shows that a fraction of intact HBV virions can be released in exosomes, extracellular vesicle which can travel to distant tissues, and which can be uptaken by HBV non-permissive cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "33,34 Furthermore, HBV infection can lead to an elevated release of proinflammatory cyto- kines, e.g., interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor- alpha, 35 which can eventually lead to cochlear malfunction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "36 Moreover, as long as reduced capacity to produce interferon-α, known to control viral replication, often characterizes patients who develop chronic HBV infection, it cannot be excluded that they ex- perience fluctuations of its levels, which can particularly be expected during the phase of immune clearance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0004__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "37-39 One study demonstrated that patients with chronic HBV infection might eventually have episodes of significantly increased circulating interferon-α con- centrations, sometimes accompanied by decreased HBV DNA le- vels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "39 At the same time, therapies based on interferon, employed in treating HBV and HCV infections, have been rarely implicated in hearing loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "40-43 Potential pathways of interferon-related ototoxi- city include direct toxicity to the auditory nerve or hair cells, inter- feron-triggered autoimmunity, or microvascular accident in the inner ear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "42,43 To explore the potential relationship between HBV infection and hearing loss, a semi-quantitative approach was employed by com- bining (1) Boolean searching using a combination of keywords (\"hepatitis B\" AND \"hearing loss\") and retrieval of articles from scholarly databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus) and (2) subsequent qualitative screening and analysis of the evi- dence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The summary of identified research is provided in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general, 5/6 of identified studies indicate the potential in- volvement of HBV infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The large retrospective, control-mat- ched cohort studies clearly show the elevated risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in HBV cohorts when controlling for confounders, which increased with the patient's age and years of follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "44,45 SSNHL, which pathophysiology is obscure, is re- presented by an increase of bone and air conduction threshold ≥ 30 dB affecting at least three consecutive frequencies in audiogram within a 72-h window."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "50 Its bilateral form is represented by more profound hearing loss with a poorer recovery rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "51 The exact onset circumstances of Beethoven's hearing loss are unknown, although according to his letters, it became noticeable sometime in 1798 at the age of 28."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "52 SSNHL is also frequently associated with tinnitus that permanently accompanied Beethoven's hearing loss and was described by him in letters as \"ringing and buzzing\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "52 MoreoverIn addition to observations in patients infected with HBV, cases of hearing loss following the administration of the HBV vaccine based on the HBsAg were also reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In order to identify them, a Boolean search encompassing Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases was performed using a combination of keywords (\"he- patitis B vaccine\" AND \"hearing loss\")."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Overall, 3 case reports re- levant to the discussed subject were found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Their summary is provided in Table 2. They indicate that immunization with HBsAg was very rarely associated with a decrease in hearing quality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0006__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, one should note that this association is only correlative and does not necessarily imply causation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A large US case-control study investigating sudden sensorineural hearing loss following different vaccination found no increased risk for the HBV vaccine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "60 Since the reported cases occurred in patients receiving another series of HBV vaccination or a booster dose, 61-63 we can hypothesize that it could be the effect of the circulation of complexes of HBsAg and antibodies that may be behind polyarteritis nodosa, 61,62 which in turn can be associated, in some cases, with hearing loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "59 In addition, polyarteritis nodosa has been very rarely observed after HBV vaccination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "64,65 Nevertheless, vaccine-related mechanisms, if any, that would underlie these events remain unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The recent study examined the presence of HBV DNA in four authenticated (by genomic and historical record) Beethoven's hair samples: (i) Müller Lock (cut between 1815 and 1820; age 45-50 years), (ii) Bermann Lock (ca. 1821; 51 years), (iii) Halm-Thayer Lock (25 April 1826; 55 years), and (iv) Stumpff Lock (around Beethoven's death, 26-28 March 1827; age 56)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "14,63,64 Only Stumpff Lock tested positive, and further phylogenetic analysis placed the sequence in the subgenotype D2 with 100% support."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "65 Based on the length of this hair, the estimated length of Beethoven's hair at the time of death, the average growth of hair in European males, and the HBV in- cubation period (60-150 days), it was estimated that Stumpff Lock hair grew between June-November 1826 (or even earlier), prior to paracenteses performed on 20 December 1826, 8 January 1827 and 3 February 1827, excluding this procedure as a route of viral trans- mission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "14,66,67 Lack of HBV DNA in other tested samples, originating from an earlier period of Beethoven's life, does not exclude the possibility of infection due to the dynamic fluctuations of viral loads in the course of chronic hepatitis B, which is likely to influence the presence of its genetic material in hair."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "68 According to the hypothesis offered in the present paper, Beethoven suffered from chronic HBV infection while hearing loss that he started to experience at the age of 28 was the consequence of the immune clearance phase (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Under such a scenario, HBV was likely acquired in Beethoven's early days, e.g., during adolescence or earlier."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is known that the odds of developing chronic hepatitis B are the highest after vertical or perinatal transmission (90% chance), followed by an infection at the age of 1-5 years (30% chance)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "69,70 Establishing the exact circumstances under which Beethoven could have been infected is highly challenging, as a detailed biographical reconstruction of his early years is not entirely possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "There is no information on potential health issues during his childhood that would provide more information on whether he may have required some medical procedures (e.g., injections) known to increase the risk of HBV infection, particularly in times of lower sanitary/hygiene standards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0008__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It is only known that he was asthmatic since the age of 5 and had a \"weak chest\" with no record of tuberculosis and that he suffered from smallpox which left facial scarring."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "68 A vertical or perinatal HBV infection could be considered if Beethoven's mother was HBV-positive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In that case, her infection could occur due to medical procedures during pregnancy (of which there are no records we would be aware) or due to sexual intercourse if Beethoven's fa- ther, Johann van Beethoven, was also HBV-positive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is known that he died in 1792 from an illness that was likely caused by alcohol use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "69,70 However, in HBV-infected males, for whom mortality begins to increase since the fifth decade, 71 alcohol use is known to act sy- nergistically, and the survival of alcohol-dependent HBV-positive individuals is substantially reduced, 72,73 which could potentially explain the death of Beethoven's father at the age of 52."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The hypothesis of the present paper assumes that Beethoven had an immunetolerant phase of HBV infection until his twenties, when the infection entered the immune clearance phase (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In line with this, the onset of this phase can usually be expected around 20-30 years (precisely the window during which Beethoven ex- perienced hearing loss) if infected vertically/perinatally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "74-76 More- over, during the immune clearance phase, levels of HBsAg decrease while anti-HBsAg gradually arise, 77 leading to the highest possibility of circulation of hepatitis B antigen/antibody complexed, 38-41 im- plicated in polyarteritis nodosa that may lead to hearing loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "74 In addition, elevated interferon levels during the immune clearance phase may also play a role in Beethoven's hearing loss since inter- feron-based therapies for HBV and HCV infections were shown to induce such a symptom sporadically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "40-43 A phase of immune clearance is followed by an inactive carrier state during which the HBV ceases replication, and its serum DNA levels subsequently decrease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We believe that Beethoven could be an inactive HBV carrier from ca. 28-32 years old, depending on the length of the immune clearance phase (which can last for months to years)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Under this scenario, he likely experienced at least two re- activation episodes when he was over 50 (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "First, in 1821 when prolonged jaundice, abdominal pain, and vomiting occurred, and second, in 1826, which also led to jaundice, accompanied by vo- miting and diarrhea."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "4,76 Such symptoms can be present during HBV reactivation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "78 Moreover, it is known that the risk of reactivation is higher in males and increased significantly in chronically infected individuals aged ≥ 50 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, although HBV reactivation can occur spontaneously, it is known to be increased due to im- munosuppressive triggers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Alcohol overuse, which increased to- wards the end of Beethoven's life, 4,79 reveals such an effect that may further be magnified by a secondary insult (e.g., an infection) and could be potentially responsible for HBV reactivation episodes in Beethoven."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "80"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper posits that Beethoven suffered from chronic HBV in- fection that caused hearing loss, likely during immune clearance, and jaundice due to viral reactivation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Apart from contributing to the ongoing debate on the etiology of Beethoven's health issues, this article also highlights that hearing loss may be associated with HBV infection and summarize the existing evidence in this regard to ultimately spark more interest in studies on hearing quality in pa- tients affected by HBV and other viral hepatic infections."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At present, HBV-related hearing issues are a neglected topic in clinical hepa- tology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients likely do not report their hearing issues to hepatol- ogists, while hepatologists may not relate these issues to chronic HBV infection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2012__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor, We read with great interest the article entitled \"Could chronic HBV infection explain Beethoven’s hearing loss?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Implications for patients currently living with hepatitis B\" recently published in this journal [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While the hypothesis presented in the article suggests that chronic HBV infection is a cause of Beethoven’s deafness and cirrhosis, there are still uncertainties surrounding the link between chronic HBV infection and deafness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The article proposes three potential mechanisms through which HBV infection could lead to hearing loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Firstly, it suggests that polyarteritis nodosa associated with viral hepatitis may affect various organs, including the ears, resulting in conductive or sensorineural hearing loss [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Secondly, it theorizes that HBV infection directly affects the endothelial cells and neurons of the inner ear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Lastly, it suggests that elevated release of proinflammatory cytokines due to HBV infection can ultimately lead to cochlear malfunction [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "If indeed HBV infection can cause hearing impairment through these pathways, the effects should be more apparent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0013__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "However, there have been very few reported cases of severe hearing impairment or deafness directly attributed to HBV infection since its discovery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2012__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It has also been hypothesized that Beethoven had chronic HBV infection, and his hearing loss at the age of 28 was a result of the immune clearance period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nonetheless, the detection of HBV DNA in Beethoven’s hair samples only indicates a recent infection shortly before his death, and there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that Beethoven contracted HBV early on [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, the article suggests that elevated interferon levels during the immune clearance period may have contributed to Beethoven’s hearing loss and mentions that interferon-based treatments for HBV and HCV infection have occasionally induced this symptom [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the amount of interferon naturally produced by the body in response to viral infection is significantly lower than the dosage used in treatment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, even if interferon levels increase during the immune clearance period, the resulting hearing damage would be minimal."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2012__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, the hypothesis proposing chronic HBV infection as the cause of Beethoven’s deafness should be approached with caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In recent years, the hypothesis of chronic lead poisoning has gained traction and has been supported by reliable analyses and evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For instance, high concentrations of lead, 40 times higher than usual, were detected in Beethoven’s hair and the top of his skull."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The chronic consumption of lead-contaminated wine could explain repeated exposure over the years, and some of Beethoven’s clinical symptoms align with those of chronic lead poisoning [5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__critique__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, we believe that the hypothesis of chronic lead poisoning provides a more plausible explanation for the etiology of Beethoven’s deafness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2012__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__response__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor, We thank Dr. Zichen Li and Dr. Leiliang Zhang for their interest in our review article \"Could chronic HBV infection explain Beethoven’s hearing loss?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Implications for patients currently living with hepatitis B\" [1] and for providing additional comments in their letter [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our work was prepared with the acknowledgment that the etiology of Ludwig van Beethoven’s hearing issues, addressed over the years by various researchers, is unlikely to be fully elucidated due to insufficient clinical data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nevertheless, when presenting our hypothesis that Beethoven’s hearing loss resulted from HBV infection and discussing evidence supporting it, we primarily aimed to gain clinicians, including hepatologists, more awareness to hearing issues that current patients with chronic hepatitis B may experience."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2012__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__response__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In many cases, the exact etiology of hearing loss, including sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), is challenging to elucidate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, it is well acknowledged that viral infection is a frequent cause of such events [3][4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, we wish to stress that a hypothesis linking Beethoven’s hearing loss to lead (Pb) intoxication, pointed out by Li and Zhang in their letter as the most probable, is no longer grounded in evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Initial, highly publicized observation of elevated Pb content in Beethoven’s skull was not confirmed, while some osteologists excluded the possibility that the examined fragments belonged to the composer [5][6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2012__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similarly, the Hiller lock (allegedly cut from Beethoven’s head the day he died), reported to contain elevated Pb content [7], was recently molecularly evidenced to belong to a female, not Beethoven."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Last but not least, a question arises: how would it be possible for Beethoven to be intoxicated with Pb to the extent of losing his hearing but to retain cognitive abilities (that Pb exposure is known to severely affect due to its neurotoxic action [8]) at the level allowing him to compose one of the greatest masterpieces ever written in music history, such as the Symphony No. 9? At the same time, a molecular analysis of Beethoven’s authenticated hair sample provides compelling evidence that he was infected with HBV [9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2012__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2012", "paragraph_id": "triad_2012__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As stressed by the authors of this analysis and our paper, the lack of viral DNA fragments in hair samples from earlier periods of Beethoven’s life does not exclude an infection due to potential viremic fluctuations, likely affecting the deposition of genetic material in hair [1][9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2012__response__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, we stand against disregarding our hypothesis, consideration of which shall fuel further research on hearing issues in various populations of patients infected with HBV, especially since two large retrospective matched-cohort studies conducted in Asia already indicated the increased risk of SNHL in chronic hepatitis B [10][11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2012/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4380203393_W4389374018_W4390064642", "triad_name": "triad_2012", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2012__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) the contribution of mineral dust to radiative forc- ing is unclear in magnitude and sign."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is mainly due to the uncertainties in the optical characteristics of mineral dust, for example, scattering phase function and spectral single scatter- ing albedo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Levy et al. ( 2007) showed the relevance of aerosol phase function for the remote sensing of aerosols using Moder- ate Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is a large difference in the use of phase functions in MODIS between col- lections 4 and 5 retrievals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Now phase functions for desert dust are used, based on spheroidal particle shape by Dubovik et al. ( 2006) rather than the spherical shape approximation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For sev- eral other regions also the coarse particle fraction in the aerosol models has been increased, to give comparable retrievals with ground-based AERONET results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Single scattering albedo of mineral dust ranges between 0.9 and 0.99 for the wavelength of 0.67 μm, modifying significantly retrievals of aerosol opti- cal thickness (AOT), depending on choice of the value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Remote sensing of desert dust is made for instance by Hsu et al. ( 2004), Levy et al. ( 2007) and Dinter et al. ( 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It requires look-up- tables (LUTs) to retrieve AOT, obtained by radiative transfer calculations, using basic radiative properties of the aerosol, like phase function and single scattering albedo (SSA) and the spec- tral surface reflectance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus experimental studies of aerosol phase functions and sin- gle scattering albedo of desert dust are required to reduce the uncertainty in these optical characteristics and in the results of radiative transfer modelling for evaluating radiative forcing and remote sensing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, within the SAMUM experiment clo- sure measurements of ground-based AOT, spectral sky bright- ness and satellite radiance have been performed to derive aerosol phase functions and single scattering albedo of desert dust in the vicinity of a major dust source region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Spectral surface re- flectance is contributed by air-borne (Bierwirth et al., 2008) and satellite (Dinter et al., 2008) observations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A key characteristic is the aerosol phase function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Uncer- tainties in phase function have consequences on other radiative characteristics in remote sensing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The errors in the phase func- tion have direct influence on retrieved AOT, single scattering albedo and the bi-directional reflection functions (BRDF) of the surface."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, the first focus of this specific SAMUM con- tribution is the determination of phase functions of desert dust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The resulting phase functions will be used for the generation of LUTs for the aerosol retrieval in Dinter et al. ( 2008) and the derivation of single scattering albedo in this contribution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The derivation of phase functions and single scattering albedo can be obtained by either laboratory measurements or indirectly by radiative closure measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Laboratory measurements of phase functions are made with polar nephelometers (Volten et al., 1996, 2001), single scattering albedo is determined by combined nephelometer and absorption photometer measure- ments (Müller et al., 2008a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These approaches use aerosol samples for the analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indirect radiative closure studies use quasi-simultaneous measurements of different radiation charac- teristics and evaluate them by inverse retrieval techniques."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The advantage of indirect methods is that the aerosol will not be influenced by the sampling process as it is the case for labora- tory investigations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus inverse methods, analysing combined spectral sunphotometer and sky brightness measurements, have been developed to powerful tools for the retrieval of aerosol phase functions (Wendisch and von Hoyningen-Huenen, 1994; von Hoyningen-Huene and Posse, 1997; Dubovik et al., 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Retrievals with measurements under desert dust conditions have been made by von Hoyningen-Huene et al. ( 1999), Catrall et al. ( 2003) and Dubovik et al. ( 2006) and considered non-spherical light scattering for the dust particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additionally satellite mea- surement of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance enables the estimation of single scattering albedo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Such closure measurements, consisting of spectral sunpho- tometer measurements of direct solar radiation, angular and spectral sky radiance in the almucantar have been made dur- ing SAMUM using a CIMEL CE 318 sunphotometer at the site 'Porte au Sahara' (30.237 • N, 5.607 • W), a desert like plane with free horizon in South Morocco, 30 km south of the city Zagora."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The measurements have been made within the time period 12 May 2006 07 to June 2006."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 7, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The CIMEL instrument has a field of view (FOV) of 1.2 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The instrument is equipped with original interference filters and also with additional filters to block light outside the band-pass region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The additional blocking filters have been essential es- pecially for the two ultraviolet (UV) channels (0.34 and 0.38 μm) and the near infrared (NIR) channel at 1.02 μm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The in- strument was calibrated by numerous Langley-plot measure- ments at various locations and at various temperature conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since the CIMEL instrument has no temperature stabilization, Langley plots have been made at Mt. Zugspitze and in Bre- men and the extraterrestrial instrument intensity i 0 (λ) has been obtained as a function of instrument temperature."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, a temperature-dependent calibration function was derived, to min- imize virtual diurnal cycles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Linear temperature sensitivities have to be accounted for all channels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0009__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The largest temperature sensitivities are in the UV and the NIR channels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Direct solar light has been measured for the determination of spectral AOT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sky radiance measurements have been started specifically for low as possible Sun elevations to obtain infor- mation on large scattering angles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The automatic CIMEL mea- surement protocol does not support sky measurements at such low Sun elevations, therefore such measurements have been per- formed manually."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For intercomparisons and retrievals of AOT (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Dinter et al., 2008) the TOA reflectance of Medium Resolu- tion Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) observations in the reduced resolution (RR) mode of 13 spectral channels from blue to NIR from ESA near real time server at Kiruna have been used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The available spectral channels for all three types of measurements are presented in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results of the measurements and their application in the intercomparisons are described in the next sections."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sunphotometer measurements of direct solar radiation have been performed to derive spectral AOT as basic information for (1) the validation of AOT retrievals from MERIS observations (Dinter et al., 2008) and (2) the radiative transfer calculations to retrieve further optical aerosol characteristics of desert dust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Desert dust observed at low Sun elevations gives rise to sig- nificant light contribution from the aureole into the FOV."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This effect of scattered light needs to be considered, since the aureole contribution leads to a significant reduction of AOT for large air mass factors M, leading to a virtual diurnal cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With the used phase function the aureole effect in the NIR channels (at 1.02 and 0.87 μm) is about 5% of the measured signal at an air mass of 3.2 and negligible for an air mass of 1.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the UV (at 0.34 μm) it is 17% for the air mass of 3.2 and 2% at 1.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Under Tellus 61B (2009), 1 these desert conditions and an air mass of 3.2 an unconsidered aureole reduces the AOT in the UV at 0.34 μm by 11%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Instead of the apparent total optical thickness δ app (λ) δ app (λ) = 1 M ln i 0 (λ) i(λ) , (1) the aureole corrected optical thickness is determined, using a single scattering approximation for the aureole."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "i(λ) is the measured solar intensity by the instrument at air mass Mi 0 (λ) is the extraterrestrial intensity, derived from Langley plots."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "i diff (λ) is the diffuse sky radiation according the approx- imative calculation of diffuse radiation for the given apparent optical thickness and air mass factor range within the FOV of the CIMEL instrument of 1.2 • with the solid angle d ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "p H (θ) is the atmospheric phase function with the scattering angle θ ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The estimate for the phase function has been taken from the averaged phase function, derived from the almucantar measurements in Section 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For the approximation of the diffuse sky light we used the simple sky light equation for almucantar geometry given by Volz (1954)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This aureole correction is for a wide range of AOT and M comparable with that of Kinne et al. ( 1997) and Russell et al. ( 2004)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the CIMEL has no temperature stabilization, the mea- sured signal is also a function of instrument temperature t. We need to correct the measured values to a defined reference tem- perature t ref , for which the Langley-plot calibration is valid."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The t c values are characteristic for the single spectral chan- nels and have values from 0.03% per • C for visible channels and increase to 0.3% per • C for 1.02 μm and even 0.5% per • C for 0.340 μm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For measurements in the desert region of Morocco with diurnal temperature changes from 20 to 45 • C the tempera- ture correction was essential to get correct spectral behaviour of AOT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The AERONET processing only considers the temperature sensibility of the 1.02 μm channel with 0.25 ±0.05% per • C. For other channels no temperature correction is applied (Holben et al., 1998)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The air mass factor M is obtained with Kasten and Young (1989) considering atmospheric curvature and refraction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The AOT δ Aer is derived from corrected total optical thickness δ by making corrections for Rayleigh scattering δ Ray and gas absorption."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gas absorption is considered for ozone for the channels 0.5 and 0.67 μm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The channel 0.94 μm is not considered for AOT determination because of its contamination with strong wa- ter vapour absorption."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the desert case in Morocco NO 2 absorption is not considered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The estimation for the error of AOT measurements gives 0.02."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the relative error is 10% for clean days and drops to 2% for very dusty cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With this approach spectral AOT is determined for the time period of SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The time-series of AOT is presented in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As an example of spectral behaviour of AOT the data of 19 May 2006 are presented in Fig. 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All days of the period have been characterized by desert dust aerosol with more or less different AOTs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As can be seen in Fig. 1 strong dust events appeared between 22 May and 26 May."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also cleaner days show the typical flat spectral slope of dust aerosol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The Ångström parameter α is also shown in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For the most days Ångström α is low (0.03-0.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Few days with advection of different air masses make exceptions and are characterized by larger α."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The values of α show that the AOT of this period is mainly determined by the mineral dust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, the data can be used to derive further optical characteristics of desert dust, such as phase function and single scattering albedo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the retrieval of aerosol phase functions three steps are re- quired: (1) measurements of sky radiance in the almucantar and their preparation for the comparison with results of radiative transfer calculations; (2) spectral AOT data (Section 3) and (3) a retrieval procedure for the inversion of aerosol phase func- tions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the latter one the coupled inversion radiation transfer (CIRATRA; Wendisch and von Hoyningen-Huenen, 1994; von Hoyningen-Huene and Posse, 1997) approach is used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to the measurements of the spectral optical thickness of aerosol δ Aer (λ) four channels of the instrument, see Table 1, are used to measure the sky brightness and the aureole in the almucantar (that means at the same elevation as the Sun) at 27 different azimuth angles ψ in the range of 3 • -180 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Almucantar measurements can only be evaluated, if the sky in all directions is totally free of clouds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the first step the so-called unnormalized sky brightness can be determined from the measured sky signals of the instrument i Sky L Sky (λ, θ) = 1 M ξi Sky (λ, θ) i 0 (λ) exp(−δ(λ)M) , (6) where ξ is the product of the ratio of FOV of instrument to that of Sun with the absolute calibration constant ω Obj ω Sun C cal (λ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is not important, if normalized functions (eq. 8) are used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "i Sky (λ, θ) is the measured sky brightness, i 0 (λ)-the instrument solar calibration, δ (λ) is the total optical thickness from Section 3 and M the air mass factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "θ is the scattering angle, obtained as θ = arccos sin 2 (h s ) + cos 2 (h s ) cos(ψ) (7) from solar elevation h s and azimuth ψ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are two reasons for the use of a normalization of sky radiance data: (1) absolute sky radiance requires a precise ab- solute calibration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because of different unknown properties of the instrument this may be a significant source of errors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "( 2) The results of calculation of sky radiance using radiative transfer codes depend on the accuracy of input data (e.g. solar spectrum, simulated filter bands)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To compare such measurements with radiative transfer cal- culations both the radiometer and the radiative transfer model must have the same 'calibration' conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To avoid discrep- ancies from different 'calibration' conditions, we normalize the measured sky brightness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "p Sky (θ, λ) = L Sky (θ, λ) π 0 L Sky (θ, λ) sin θ dθ (8) from the measured sky radiances L Sky (θ, λ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The normalization removes the influence of calibration, uncertainties in knowledge of FOV and relative optical air mass."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the normal- ization makes all brightness measurements comparable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This function contains the scattering properties of the sky including the multiple scattering."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, the normalization leads to a loss of information on single scattering albedo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, sin- gle scattering albedo needs to be determined from a comparison with well-calibrated radiation quantities in a separate step, see Section 5."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The normalization requires the integration of the sky radiance in the complete interval of scattering angles between 0 • and 180 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The CIMEL instrument performs the measurements in the azimuth range of 3 • and 180 • , for example, scattering angle θ = 180 • −2h o , with h o -the solar elevation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To extend the measured range of scattering angles to the required one of 0 • and 180 • , the measured sky brightness has to be extrapolated in the forward and backward scattering regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To extrapolate the forward range to θ = 0 • we fit a Henyey-Greenstein function to the measurements in the θ-range of 3-10 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To extrapolate the backscattering range to θ = 180 • we fit the Heney-Greenstein function from the minimum value of the sky measurement (at about 120 • ) to the largest measurable scattering angle at θ Max = 180 • −2h s ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To reach large scattering angles covered by the measurements low as possible Sun elevations have been selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The almu- cantar measurements have been started at about h s = 5 • , if clear sky conditions for measurements prevailed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The maxi- mum scattering angles close to 170 • were obtained."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is an essential increase in angular information compared with stan- dard CIMEL operation, used in AERONET and starting at M ≤ 4, which is reaching 150 • in both, almucantar and principle plane."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some examples of normalized sky brightness measurement for all four sky wavelengths of the CIMEL instrument are shown in Fig. 3 for the 19 May 2006."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If normalization conditions are fulfilled and the sky conditions during the day are stable all measurements for the same wavelength should have the same curve."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the retrieval of the phase functions from almucantar and spectral AOT the CIRATRA approach (Wendisch and von Hoyningen-Huenen, 1994; von Hoyningen-Huene and Posse, 1997) is used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The approach consists of several main steps:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) Inversion of an optically equivalent aerosol size distribu- tion from spectral AOT and sky brightness aureole for a range of refractive indices from 1.31 to 1.70."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(2) Calculation of aerosol phase function, using the inverted size distributions and a selected scattering database."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Available scattering databases are: Mie theory with spherical particles, the semi-empirical scattering theory of Pollack and Cuzzi (1980) and T-matrix data of Mishchenko et al. ( 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(3) Radiative transfer calculations with the corresponding spectral optical thickness, composed from AOT and Rayleigh scattering, the atmospheric phase function, consisting of calcu- lated aerosol phase function of the previous step and Rayleigh phase function, an assessment for the surface albedo and a sin- gle scattering albedo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the radiative transfer calculations the approach of Nakajima and Tanaka (1988) is used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The radiative transfer calculation can be made either for the geometry of the almucantar or the satellite observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the case of retrieval of aerosol phase function the almucantar geometry is selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results of the radiative transfer calculation is normalized in the same way as described in equation (8)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(4) Comparison of the results of radiative transfer calculation with the normalized sky brightness from almucantar measure- ment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above steps are made in a loop, varying the real part of refractive index, and parameters for the selected scattering theory looking for the best approximation between measured and calculated normalized sky brightness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The result with the minimal root mean square deviation (RMSD) between both sky brightness distributions lead to the aerosol phase function, rep- resenting the existing radiation field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The approach used by us deviates not in a significant way of the standard AERONET approach (Dubovik and King, 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) We use normalized sky brightness data instead of abso- lute ones, because no absolute radiometric calibration of the sun-/sky-radiometer is required (The absolute calibration is a difficult task and may be not stable under all working conditions of the radiometer)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With the normalization of the sky radiance data in the measurements and radiative calculations we remove a significant error source."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(2) The size distribution is inverted by both approaches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "AERONET uses bi-modal lognormal dis- tribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This approach uses a 24-bin frequency distribution in a range of r low − r up with the step d log r for a given refractive index, fitted to spectral AOT and aureole measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The 24-bin frequency distribution is more general than the bi-modal size distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In both cases the size distributions are fitted to the measured data and should be representative for the optical data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(3) In both approaches aerosol phase function is calculated, using Mie theory for spherical particles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(4) In the case of non- spherical particles (in our case RMSD for the Mie theory >0.1) other scattering theories are used: AERONET uses a mixture of spheroids with different aspect ratios."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The frequency of aspect ratios is the empirical tuning of the AERONET approach to get a closer approximation to the measured sky radiance data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This approach uses the theory of Pollack and Cuzzi (1980), where three parameters are used to tune a closer approximation to the normalized sky brightness data of the measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In both approaches the closest approximation of measured data is used."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, both approaches come to similar results for the phase function."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The phase functions used here are normalized to the unit sphere, for example, divided by 4π and have the unit sr −1 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mie theory gave only large RMSD of about 20% compared with the other non-spherical scattering theories: Pollak and Cuzzi approach gave RMSD < 5% for the most cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The T-matrix approach also gives lower RMSD than Mie theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our case the implemented database for T-matrix calculation, however is restricted in the range of size parameters and aspect ratio."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the results here have larger RMSD than the Pollak and Cuzzi approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since Dubovik et al. ( 2006) use a database with extended size parameter range and larger range of aspect ratios we do not report results of the T-matrix approximation as it is made by Müller et al. ( 2008b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The error for the retrieval of aerosol phase function is esti- mated with 0.003 sr −1 for the backscattering region, which is for the values of 0.013 about 25%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The most retrievals have been made for the CIMEL channel 2, e.g. wavelength 0.87 μm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The aerosol phase functions of desert dust for this wavelength, obtained for the smallest RMSD are presented in Fig. 4 and the average of the campaign is listed in Table 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Table 2 gives the statistics of useful almucantar measurements of the different days."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All functions are almost flat in the backscattering region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is confirmed by the lidar ratio of LR= 55 . . ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "60, which is in- Retrievals of phase function, using spheroids show a small peak at backscattering toward 180 • (Dubovik et al., 2006; Levy et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We do not find this peak, if we combine lidar ratio and single scattering albedo of Section 5 with our retrievals, see Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Within the error limits of 4% of the satellite data a backscattering peak is also not confirmed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For radiative transfer calculations of smaller wavelength down to the UV the question for the spectral dependence of the aerosol phase function arises."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, for selected days also data of the channel 0.440 μm have been used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results of the both wavelength 0.870 and 0.440 μm are presented in Fig. 5 in comparison with the spectral results of Dubovik et al. ( 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Within the error limits of the inversions at both wavelengths no significant difference could be found, as well with the results of these inversions and the results of Dubovik et al. ( 2006)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, we decide to use the aerosol phase functions derived for radiative transfer studies for shorter wavelength too."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The determination of the spectral single scattering albedo re- quires measured calibrated radiances, which can be compared with radiative model calculations, using measured spectral AOT and the obtained phase functions of desert dust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The reflectance measured by the MERIS instrument on board of ENVISAT is given with an accuracy of 4%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MERIS has 15 channels within the range of 0.412-0.900 μm, where 13 channels are outside of strong gas absorption bands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The spatial resolution of MERIS is 1.2 × 1.2 km 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, comparison between modelled TOA re- flectance, using ground-based aerosol characteristics from Sec- tions 3 and 4 and measured TOA reflectance from satellite data can be performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The geometry conditions for the overflights are known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If there are data of spectral surface reflectance, the only free aerosol parameter to achieve closure between modelled and measured TOA reflectance is the single scattering albedo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since our normalized phase functions in the LUTs do not con- tain single scattering albedo ω 0 , we get a retrieval correctly for the 'scattering part' on AOT, without any information of ω 0 . And the same is valid for the surface reflectance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using these data in RT modelling with ω 0 = 1 leads to an overestimation of the TOA reflectance compared with the satellite measurements."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We explained this difference as effect of absorption, because ω 0 is a linear factor in front of all scattering terms of the radiative transfer equation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The spectral surface reflectance for the modelling is taken from retrievals by Dinter et al. ( 2008) for the site Porte au Sa- hara, using atmospheric correction of measured MERIS TOA reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results of the retrieval of the surface reflectance are compared with results of spectral albedo measurements in the spectral range of 0.370-1.0 μm provided by air-borne spectral albedometer (Bierwirth et al., 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the calculation of Rayleigh scattering exact surface pres- sure and temperature have been considered, because surface elevation and temperature conditions change the contribution of Rayleigh scattering in the blue and UV significantly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally the spectral single scattering albedo has been varied until modelled TOA reflectance agreed within 0.001."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The values of used spectral single scattering albedo can be taken as estimates of the desert dust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Table 2 gives an overview of days, where ground-based data and MERIS overflights existed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Useful days have been 19, 22, 29 May and 07 June 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "22 May was the day with the largest AOT (1.17), and 29 May has the lowest AOT (0.13)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The results of the estimation of spectral single scattering albedo are presented in Fig. 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Numerical values of spectral single scattering albedo are given in Table 4."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Single scattering albedo is changing with wavelength."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The lowest values have been found for the channel 0.412 μm with 0.95."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Single scattering albedo increases with increasing wavelength to 0.98."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "For strong dust events (at 22 May 2006) significantly decreased values have been obtained, see corresponding column in Table 4 or dashed lines in Fig. 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0053__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Similar values one obtains for 25 May 2006, Tellus 61B (2009), 1 213 The error bars in Fig. 6 and in Table 4 are estimated from standard deviation of all retrievals of spectral single scattering albedo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the SSA is determined from the fit of modelled TOA reflectance to measured ones (MERIS), this impact on SSA is 4%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The larger error sources are in the input data for the radiative modelling, such as surface reflectance as the main error source."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Assuming an error of 10% for the error of surface reflectance data, the effect in TOA reflectance is spectrally dif- ferent: about 2% in the blue and about 5% in the red, if we do not consider errors in AOT and phase function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "According to error propagation we would come to 6% in the blue and 9% in the red part of the spectrum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The same method is also applied to TOA reflectance ob- servations of the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY)instrument on board of ENVISAT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The SCIAMACHY reflectance in the range of 0.443-0.753 μm is compared with that of the MERIS instru- ment to ensure a correct calibration."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since SCIAMACHY gives TOA reflectance within the spectral range of 0.240-2.3 μm with a spatial resolution of 30 × 60 km 2 , the radiative transfer cal- culations are made starting at 0.340 μm and are compared with the SCIAMACHY data, cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Fig. 7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We choose three additional channels at 0.340, 0.360 and 0.380 μm for the determination of single scattering albedo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The large footprint of SCIAMACHY includes different surface conditions, thus the selection of repre- sentative spectral surface albedo from air-borne measurements for the UV wavelength is difficult."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The values decrease to the UV to a value of 0.91."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the uncertainty of surface albedo for 0.340 nm of the large footprint of SCIAMACHY gives error estimates of ±0.03."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main uncertainty within this approach is the hetero- geneity of the spectral surface albedo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The values have been taken from retrievals of MERIS observations and air-borne mea- surement and should correspond with the location of the site, where the ground-based AOT and phase function have been ob- tained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Within the spectral range of 0.412-0.865 μm satellite re- trieval and air-borne data are coinciding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For wavelength below 0.412 μm the spectrum is extended using air-borne data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The found values are significantly higher than values of Sokolik and Toon (1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The found values are closer to data of Catrall et al. ( 2003)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They show a decrease of single scattering albedo to the UV."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on the combination of ground-based sky radiance, spec- tral AOT and space-borne TOA reflectance measurements the main optical aerosol characteristics of desert dust for the radia- tive transfer have been derived for the application with MERIS observations (Dinter et al., 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the retrieval of phase functions of desert dust non- spherical light scattering needed to be considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The use of spherical particles (Mie theory), as it is made in the OPAC dust models (Hess et al., 1998), gives strong deviations of phase functions in the range of 120 • -180 • scattering angle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This has consequences on quantities derived by remote sensing, like sin- gle scattering albedo of aerosol and BRDF of the ground."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The light scattering of non-spherical particles, approximated by the semi-empirical theory of Pollack and Cuzzi (1980), gives similar results as T-matrix approaches, assuming mixtures of spheroids as it is done by Dubovik et al. ( 2006), Levy et al. ( 2007) and Müller et al. ( 2008b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The phase functions of all approaches do not give the strong asymmetric behaviour of Mie theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With Tellus 61B (2009), 1 our approach we found no indication for a significant peak at the scattering angle = 180 • , as it is given by the spheroids."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Especially sky brightness measurements at low Sun elevations below 10 • and the lidar ratio of 60 (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Tesche et al., 2008) support this finding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Spectral single scattering albedo has been estimated from modelling TOA reflectance and intercomparison with satellite observations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The UV value at 0.340 μm is found with 0.91 and 0.95 for 0.412 μm, rising up to 0.98 at 0.753 μm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Strong dust events give decreased single scattering albedo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our values are at the upper limit of data, presented by Petzold et al. ( 2008), but they agree in spectral behaviour and magnitude with results of desert dust, given by Catrall et al. ( 2003)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Compared with our findings the OPAC desert dust models underestimate the single scattering albedo significantly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2403__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Vertical profiles of dust key optical properties are presented from measurements during the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM) by Raman and depolarization lidar at two ground-based sites and by airborne high spectral resolution lidar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One of the sites, Tinfou, is located close to the border of the Sahara in Southern Morocco and was the main in situ site during SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The other site was Ouarzazate airport, the main lidar site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From the lidar measurements the spatial distribution of the dust between Tinfou and Ouarzazate was derived for 1 d. The retrieved profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients and particle depolarization ratios show comparable dust optical properties, a similar vertical structure of the dust layer, and a height of about 4 km asl at both sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The airborne cross-section of the extinction coefficient at the two sites confirms the low variability in dust properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although the general picture of the dust layer was similar, the lidar measurements reveal a higher dust load closer to the dust source."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nevertheless, the observed intensive optical properties were the same."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0066__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These results indicate that the lidar measurements at two sites close to the dust source are both representative for the SAMUM dust conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Introduction"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The radiative impact of mineral dust particles – one of the main uncertainties in climate forcing – is strongly controlled by their optical properties and their spatial distribution [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One of the main sources for mineral dust is the North African desert, the Sahara."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Saharan dust has been studied when transported over short ranges to Europe [2-5] or over long ranges to the Caribbean Sea [6-8] and also during various field campaigns over North Africa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most recently, the Saharan Dust Experiment (SHADE; [9]) in 2000, the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI–2000), also in 2000 [10], and the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA; [11]), in 2006, have been carried out."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In most cases the dust was mixed with aerosol types of biomass burning or urban origin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During the SHADE campaign airborne lidar measurements allowed a characterization of mineral dust particles [12] between Dakar (Senegal) and Cape Verde Islands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Biomass burning aerosol has been characterized during the SAFARI–2000 campaign in Southern Africa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During the AMMA dry season special observation period in January 2006 Saharan dust and biomass burning particles were characterized by lidar profiling south of the Sahara [13-15] and were observed by aircraft in situ measurements [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Mineral dust was mainly present in the lowermost 2 km while biomass burning aerosol mixed with varying amounts of dust was observed in elevated layers up to 5 km."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But pure dust conditions have rarely been met during those field experiments."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To assure that pure dust is probed one has to place the instruments as close as possible to a source of mineral dust, that is, the Saharan desert [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This was the subject of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM): to characterize mineral dust particles close to their source and to quantify their radiative effects [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first field campaign was carried out in May and June 2006 in Southern Morocco to assure measurements of pure, not aged dust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two field sites were chosen for the ground-based measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of the sites was located at Tinfou, close to the town Zagora."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Tinfou is one of the last posts before the Saharan desert in Morocco and offers almost pure dust conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0072__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It was the main site for in situ measurements of optical, microphysical and mineralogical properties of Saharan dust particles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The other site was Ouarzazate airport that lies about 100 km to the northwest in the Anti-Atlas Mountains where a small research aircraft for radiative and in situ measurements was deployed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A map showing these locations can be found in the introductory paper [17] and is shown by several other companion papers [18-20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to logistical reasons, all ground-based lidar systems were operated from Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These systems were three Raman and backscatter lidars of different sizes operating at different numbers of wavelengths and covering different measurement ranges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, these lidars were complementing one another so that the dust optical properties of interest could be studied comprehensively at different wavelengths and ranges."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to financial limitations, no additional lidar could be installed at Tinfou."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To have at least a few examples of the vertical distribution of the dust and its diurnal variation, one of the lidars the small, portable Raman lidar system (POLIS) was moved from Ouarzazate to Tinfou for a short stay."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The measurements at Tinfou allow to investigate if the distance to Ouarzazate and the orographic differences between the two sites has an impact on the results obtained at Ouarzazate. Are the dust particles probed at both sites of the same type? And thus, is it possible to combine the results from both sites for the vertical closure study that SAMUM aimed at? Or have the mineral particles already undergone a significant change in any of their optical properties?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To study the regional variability of the dust layer we compare simultaneous lidar profiles of dust optical properties at both sites and connect them with a corresponding airborne lidar cross-section."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Section 2, we introduce the SAMUM field campaign and present the instruments used in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Section 3, the lidar evaluation methods are described and in Section 4, the results of our case study are presented and discussed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Section 5 gives a short summary and conclusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Field campaign and instrumentation"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2.1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Tinfou"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The vertical probing of desert dust optical properties presented in this paper took place at Tinfou."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The site is located on the property of the Hotel Porte au Sahara (30.2°N, 5.6°W) 30 km southeast of Zagora, Morocco, at the border of the Saharan desert."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This remote place was the main SAMUM site for in situ measurements of the Saharan dust properties because it has two main advantages: it is close to the desert without disturbing settlements in-between, so that pure dust conditions were expected there."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The site is easily accessible by car so that mid-size equipment – as the small, portable lidar POLIS – can be transported there."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The altitude is 680 m above sea level (asl)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0079__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Lidar measurements at Tinfou were conducted on 3 d from the evening of 26 May to mid-day of 28 May 2006."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The lidar used for the measurements in Tinfou was the portable Raman and polarization lidar POLIS which was developed at the Meteorological Institute at the University of Munich."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "POLIS is a small, rugged, two channel lidar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It emits pulses of linear polarized light at the wavelength of 355 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By choosing the wavelength in the ultraviolet region, where the eye is less sensitive, the lidar is eye-safe beyond a distance of 30 m from the laser."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Two detection channels are available and the data acquisition allows a vertical sampling with 7.5 m resolution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The laser is mounted directly onto the receiving telescope to minimize the distance between the laser axis and the telescope axis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0080__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As a consequence the overlap between the emitting and receiving fields of view of POLIS is completed at 120 m. More technical details of this lidar system are described by Heese et al. [ 21, 22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "POLIS can be operated in two modes: either in the depolarization mode or in the Raman mode."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the depolarization mode, the two channels of the lidar are used for measuring the parallel- and cross-polarized components of the backscattered light to determine the depolarization ratio at 355 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the Raman mode, measurements at 355 nm and at the nitrogen Raman shifted wavelength at 387 nm are performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since two different detection units exist, one for depolarization and one for Raman measurements, switching between the measurement modes is easily done by replacing the complete detector block."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Due to precise manufacturing of the mechanical components no optical re-alignment of the system is necessary."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by sun photometry is an optical property that can be used to evaluate lidar retrievals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At Tinfou a Cimel CE 318 sun photometer owned by the University of Bremen was operated during SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This sun photometer was equipped with additional channels in the ultraviolet at 341 and 379 nm and in the near infrared at 1020 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Measurements of the direct solar radiation and the angular and spectral sky radiance in the almucantar regime were performed regularly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The AOD was determined from the direct sun measurements at eight channels by the coupled inversion radiation transfer (CIRATRA; [23, 24]) approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This algorithm has been improved by an aureole correction for additional light in the instruments field of view for desert cases and is described by von Hoyningen-Huene et al. [ 25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0082__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For the comparison with the lidar wavelength at 355 nm, the two additional channels in the ultraviolet are used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To cover the lowermost heights, where the overlap of the lidars emitter and receiver is not complete yet, extinction data from a visibility meter was used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The visibility meter (model VPF-710, Biral, Bristol UK) was operated at Tinfou by IfT and measures the extinction coefficient at 880 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The principle operation is to measure the forward scattered light in a small undisturbed sample volume of about 400 cm3 at a scattering angle of 45°."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The scattered intensity is a direct measure of the extinction coefficient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The extrapolation from 880 to 355 nm was done using an Ångström coefficient of 0.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This value coincides with the mean Ångström coefficient observed by the sun photometer in Tinfou."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ouarzazate"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While POLIS was in Tinfou the two other SAMUM lidar systems were continuing measurements at Ouarzazate airport (30.9°N, 6.9°W]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The airport lies at 1133 m asl between the high Atlas Mountain ridge to the northwest and the lower Anti-Atlas to the southeast."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Those two lidars were the mobile, scanning multiwavelength lidar MULIS of the University of Munich and the six-wavelength backscatter extinction lidar-ratio temperature humidity profiling apparatus (BERTHA) of the IfT [26]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MULIS is emitting the three Nd:YAG laser wavelengths 355, 532 and 1064 nm and has six receiving channels including two nitrogen Raman channels at 387, 607 nm and a depolarization channel at 532 nm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More details of this lidar system and an analysis of dust depolarization properties during SAMUM are described by Freudenthaler et al. [ 27]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The six wavelengths emitted by BERTHA are 355, 400, 532, 710, 800 and 1064 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this study, the extinction profiles derived at the ultraviolet and the visible wavelengths are used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "BERTHA is a scanning lidar system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During daytime measurements were conducted at the elevation angle of 45° and – to avoid specular reflections from cirrus clouds [28] – at an angle of 5° off the zenith during nighttime."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A comprehensive analysis of BERTHA data is given by Tesche et al. [ 29]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the measurements of the AOD at Ouarzazate the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET; [30]) sun photometer of the Leipzig lidar group was deployed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is equipped with an additional long wavelength channel at 1640 nm for improved dust observations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The AERONET sun -photometer measures direct sunlight at eight channels: 339, 379, 441, 501, 675, 869, 940, 1021 and 1638 nm wavelength."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0093__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The AOD data used in this study are quality assured AERONET retrievals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aircraft"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, the DLR Falcon-20 research aircraft was deployed at the airport of Casablanca."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Onboard, besides numerous particle collecting and in situ experiments, a high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL; [31]) was operated during SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several overflights over the ground-based sites gave the opportunity of intercomparisons between airborne and ground-based lidar profiles and allow to study the spatial distribution of the dust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. Evaluation of POLIS data"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The optical properties measured by aerosol lidar are depolarization ratio, particle backscatter and extinction coefficients and lidar ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Depolarization is a parameter that depends on the shape of the particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Extinction coefficient depends on scattering and absorbing properties of the particles but also on the number and size distribution of the particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is also valid for the vertically integrated extinction, the optical depth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0097__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, the extinction-to-backscatter ratio, the lidar ratio, is again characteristic for the various particle types."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the following subsections, the derivation of these optical properties from the lidar data is explained in more detail."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3.1. Depolarization ratio"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The depolarization ratio characterizes atmospheric particles and identifies aspherical particles as, for example, mineral dust particles or cirrus clouds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two types of depolarization can be determined from the lidar signal: the total or volume depolarization and the particle depolarization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The volume depolarization is the direct ratio of the backscatter signal received in the plane that is cross-polarized to the laser’s polarization to the signal received in the plane parallel to it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It can be derived with a high temporal resolution of 30 s. The volume depolarization comprises the relative contribution of particles and air molecules in terms of backscatter coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For an accurate retrieval the relative sensitivity of the two channels against each other has been determined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is done by a calibration of the channels by rotating the polarizing beam splitter cube by 45° in both directions from its normal position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At these positions the polarizing beam splitter cube transmits both polarization planes of the incoming light equally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From the ratio of these signals the relative sensitivities of the channels can be determined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0101__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A calibration using both rotations minimizes the error in positioning the polarizing beam splitter cube."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To get a measure only depending on particle properties, the particle depolarization ratio must be calculated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The particle depolarization is an intensive optical property that characterizes the particles itself in composition and shape and is independent of the number of observed particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this purpose, the volume depolarization must be converted into particle depolarization using the corresponding molecular and particle backscatter coefficients [32, 33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To calculate the molecular backscatter coefficient radio soundings performed at Ouarzazate airport were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0102__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The particle backscatter profiles are derived from the lidar measurements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Backscatter and extinction coefficient and lidar ratio"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An extensive aerosol optical property derived from lidar measurements is the particle extinction coefficient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0104__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An extensive optical property depends not only on the particles composition and shape but increases with the number of observed particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0104__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Particle extinction is one of the key input parameters for radiative transfer calculations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0104__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It can be derived from lidar signals in two ways: either from the elastic signal at the emitted laser wavelength, which is 355 nm in the case of POLIS, or from the inelastic Raman signal at 387 nm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the inelastic Raman signal the direct determination of the particle extinction coefficient without a priori assumptions is possible [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is due to the fact that the Raman signal at 387 nm scattered back by nitrogen molecules is only affected by particle extinction and known optical properties of the air molecules."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From the Raman signal and the corresponding elastic signal at 355 nm the backscatter coefficient and thus the backscatter-to-extinction ratio, the lidar ratio, can be derived."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lidar ratio is again an intensive optical property that is specific for the observed particle type and does not depend on the number of particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The nighttime Raman measurements are averaged over at least 1 h to achieve an extinction profile up to the upper troposphere with an error of less than 25%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0105__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Due to the relatively low Raman signal compared to the sky background during daytime Raman measurements are restricted to nighttime."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During daytime the retrieval of the extinction coefficient from the elastic signal is done by the method described by Fernald [35] assuming a realistic value for the lidar ratio, to solve the underdetermined lidar equation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This lidar ratio can be derived from nighttime Raman measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As will be shown later, the lidar ratio for dust inside the nighttime boundary layer was found to be 55 sr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This value coincides with lidar ratios observed earlier in dust layers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "During AMMA the lidar ratio observed in the dust layer by POLIS was 55 ± 5 sr [14]. And from an episode, when Saharan dust particles were transported towards Europe [3] the observed lidar ratio was 59 ± 11 sr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Also from the SAMUM lidar measurements at Ouarzazate the lidar ratio of dust particles was determined as 55 ± 6 sr [36, 29]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0106__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, a mean lidar ratio of 55 sr was applied to derive the particle extinction by the Fernald method for all daytime measurements from POLIS during SAMUM."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0107__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aerosol optical depth"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Aerosol optical depth can be derived from the lidar measurements by vertical integration of the extinction coefficient profile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The profiles are integrated from the lowermost lidar height up to a height well above the dust layer, which was chosen at 7.5 km asl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0108__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the absence of clouds, above this height no contribution to the AOD needs to be added."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0108__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is justified by the fact that in all retrieved lidar profiles the extinction coefficients are below 0.01 above the dust layer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One exception is a 15 min period on 28 May 2006 where a thin cirrus was observed at 11 km height."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The contribution of this cirrus to the AOD is discussed by Kahn et al. [ 18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0109__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Close to the ground the extinction coefficient is extrapolated to a ground-level extinction value measured by the visibility meter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, the resulting AOD is compared to the AOD obtained from sun photometer measurements at the wavelength 341 and 379 nm and interpolated to the lidar wavelength at 355 nm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. Lidar profiles"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On 26 May 2006 POLIS was transported to the site at Tinfou to stay there until 28 May 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Raman lidar measurements were performed on the evenings and depolarization measurements were performed during daytime."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After about noon the measurements have been stopped because air temperatures exceeded 35°C and the water cooling circuit of the laser became too weak."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the following, we present examples of Raman and Fernald derived backscatter and extinction coefficients, corresponding lidar ratios and the particle depolarization observed inside the dust layer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From the high temporal resolution volume depolarization data the monitoring of the mostly undisturbed development of the dust layer is shown during one morning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To determine the spatial distribution of the dust a case study was conducted on 28 May 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lidar profiles measured in Tinfou are compared to measurements performed at Ouarzazate and interpreted in conjunction with the airborne HSRL profiles from a Falcon overflight over both sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0113__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These profiles are then related to the dust distribution observed during SAMUM at Ouarzazate and during the POLIS measurement period at Tinfou."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4.1. Raman measurements and lidar ratio"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Extinction coefficient profiles and extinction-to-backscatter or lidar ratio were derived from POLIS Raman measurements taken in the late evenings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On 26 May 2006 a significant fraction of dust has been washed out by heavy rain showers in the afternoon."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0115__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On 27 May 2006 the dust layer has recovered quickly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The extinction coefficient profiles, backscatter profiles and lidar ratios derived from the Raman measurement are shown in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The extinction and backscatter profiles show a well-developed dust layer that reaches up to approximately 4.3 km."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0116__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The lidar ratio resulting from these measurements is quite constant inside the dust layer and the mean value is 55 ± 8 sr."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For comparison, the backscatter and extinction profiles retrieved from the same raw signal using the Fernald method with the constant lidar ratio of 55 sr are plotted."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The agreement of the profiles is very good: the same structure of the dust layer is resolved as by the Raman measurement, especially in the backscatter profile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The differences in the upper part of the extinction profile is due to different height averagings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This comprises an increasing height interval with altitude for the Raman measurements to account for the decreasing signal-to-noise ratio with altitude: At 1 km altitude the Raman signal is derived with vertical smoothing with a window lengths of 400 m, at 2 km of 600 m and at 4 km of 1 km."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0117__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The profiles by the Fernald method are vertically smoothed over a constant height interval of 300 m."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The extinction coefficient profile shows values up to 0.2 km−1 throughout the whole dust layer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0118__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The AOD integrated from this extinction profile is 0.52, which is close to the AOD of 0.55 measured by the sun photometer in the evening just before sunset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0118__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The AOD measured by the sun photometer did decrease from around 1 in the morning to around 0.5 in the course of this day."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0118__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These values are fully comparable to dust extinction coefficient measured earlier."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For example, during AMMA the mean extinction coefficients for dust measured by POLIS in the Sahel region were around 0.2 km−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For 1 d with direct import of dust loaded air masses from the Saharan desert, the extinction coefficient could exceed 1.5 km−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the vertical extent of this layer was only a few 10 m [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Extinction values in the same order are presented by Johnson et al. [ 15], who show airborne nephelometer measurements compared to airborne lidar measurements [13] with ground-based measurements from POLIS and an MPL lidar stationed at Niamey Airport."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0119__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Further south in Benin a microlidar also measured extinction coefficient in the order of 0.2 km−1 in the dust layer close to the ground [37]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0120__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Daytime extinction coefficients"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During daytime, when the sky background is too high for the weak Raman signal depolarization ratio measurements were performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0121__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The extinction and backscatter profiles were derived from the total lidar signal by combining both depolarization channels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0121__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The profiles were calculated using the Fernald method with a lidar ratio of 55 sr, as determined from the nighttime Raman measurements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. 2 shows a two-layer structure of dust on 27 May."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The upper boundary of the dust layer on this day is at around 3.8 km."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The extinction coefficient in the lower part of the newly developing dust layer is reaching values of 0.4 km−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Above this layer the residual layer from the night before is still present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0122__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Here the extinction values are around 0.08 km−1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At ground level the extinction coefficient measured by the visibility meter is between 0.68 km−1 at 10:00 UTC and 0.54 km−1 at 10:30 UTC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0123__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The integration of the lidar profile and extrapolation to the ground values gives an AOD of 0.75, which is in good agreement with the values measured by the sun photometer of around 0.79 at 10:00 UTC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0123__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This difference in AOD is only about 5 %, which is inside the uncertainty of the extinction coefficient imposed by the lidar-ratio error."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0123__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, we can conclude that the mean lidar ratio from the night is also valid for the morning hours."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The comparably high value of the AOD was caused by high surface winds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0124__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Around 10:00 UTC the surface wind speed was rising up to 10 ms−1, and dust from local sources was mobilized and mixed into the lower boundary layer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Depolarization"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the two layers observed in the extinction and backscatter profiles, on 27 May the particle depolarization ratio throughout the whole boundary layer is constant and has a value of 30% ± 6% (see Fig. 2, right-hand panel)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This value was also measured the next day and is shown in Fig. 4 (right-hand panel)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0127__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here high particle depolarization ratios with values between 26% and 36% throughout the dust layer were observed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the particle depolarization is an intensive optical property these measurements imply that the particles in the dust layer and in the residual layer above are of the same type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Observations in Ouarzazate from all lidar systems show that these values are representative for the dust layer close to the source region."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Freudenthaler et al. [ 27] have studied the depolarization ratio at four wavelengths (355, 532, 710 and 1064 nm) and found very low wavelength dependence of the depolarization and mean values around 30% during dust episodes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To visualize the temporal development of the dust layer during the day the high resolution volume depolarization measurements are very useful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On 28 May 2006 the measurements started early in the morning (Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0131__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This was done to achieve a long measurement series in parallel with co-located sun photometer measurements by the University of Bremen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two layers can be identified: The lowermost layer with the highest volume depolarization ratio with values of up to 10% – shown in red and yellow colours – has reached a height of about 1.2 km asl at 7:00 UTC which corresponds to 500 m above ground level (agl)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dust layer extends with the solar elevation and its upper boundary is already at about 2 km at 9:20 UTC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note the wave-like structure of the upper boundary caused by turbulent mixing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The size of the eddies can be approximated from their vertical extent, which reached about 1 km above ground around 9:00 UTC and is growing on over the course of the day."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Above this newly developing dust layer a residual layer with volume depolarization ratios around 5% can be identified up to a height of approximately 2.5 km asl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0133__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The upper boundary of the residual layer is stable throughout the morning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0133__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That the depolarization ratio is a good tracer for boundary layer dynamics has been shown previously by Gibert et al. [ 38]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4.4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0134__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dust distribution between Tinfou and Ouarzazate"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aim of this study is to find out if the choice of two different sites for the SAMUM field campaign is valid in terms of comparable retrieved dust optical properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this the lidar profiles measured at Tinfou shall be compared to those measured at Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, due to heavy rain on 26 May and some rain showers and cloudiness on 27 May, no lidar measurements were possible at Ouarzazate. But finally the intercomparison could be performed on 28 May, when POLIS was still operating at Tinfou and the two other SAMUM lidars were again measuring at Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An additional advantage on this day is that an overflight over both sites with the DLR Falcon was conducted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Onboard the HSRL was measuring backscatter and extinction profiles at the wavelength 532 nm and the backscatter coefficient at 1064 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "One of the Falcons flight legs was crossing over Ouarzazate at 10:43 UTC and flew on directly to the other site at Tinfou where it arrived at 10:53 UTC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0135__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This case study also supports investigations on the spatial representativeness of the lidar measurements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The corresponding backscatter and extinction profiles at 532 nm measured over Tinfou are plotted together with POLIS profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients at 355 nm in Fig. 4 (left-hand and middle panel)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0136__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The profiles from POLIS agree well with the HSRL profiles in shape and also in magnitude, especially at heights above 2 km."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Below this altitude in the lower boundary the backscatter coefficient from the HSRL is higher but the extinction profiles are quite similar."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0137__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These differences are due to different spatial coverages and a limited time averaging period by the aircraft."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0137__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The measurement by the HSRL is spatially averaged over 30.37°–30.31°N and 5.72°–5.75°W, corresponding to a flight path of about 20 km and a time period from 10:53:22 to 10:54:06 UTC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The freshly raised dust particles in the lower boundary layer are subject to higher spatial variability than in the more settled residual layer from the night."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the present case the airborne measurements were averaged over a region that lies to the west of Tinfou where the dust concentration was slightly higher."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0138__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This can be seen also in the upper panel of Fig. 6."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The wavelength dependence of the backscatter coefficient is very low for dust particles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0139__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, the different wavelengths of the HSRL and POLIS signals should not contribute to the observed discrepancies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This low wavelength dependance can be demonstrated by considering the measurements from a sun photometer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0140__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At Tinfou those measurements show that the columnar Ångström coefficient of the AOD is almost wavelength independent: it lies between 0 and 0.2 [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0140__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is also in agreement with the Ångström coefficient measured at Ouarzazate by the SAMUM lidar systems [29], and with previous measurements of Saharan dust outbreaks observed over Europe [4, 3, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0140__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, parts of the observed differences may still due to different lines of vision of the two lidars."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The differences in backscatter are also reflected in a differing lidar ratio at the lower altitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mean lidar ratio derived from the backscatter and extinction profiles measured by the HSRL at the lower altitudes is around 38 ± 5 sr at 532 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As for all daytime measurements POLIS profiles at 355 nm were derived with the lidar ratio of 55 sr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To examine if this lidar ratio was also valid on this day, the resulting extinction profile was integrated to an AOD of 0.39."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0141__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This AOD compares well with the value of 0.40 measured by the sun photometer at Tinfou. Since we do not see a significant difference in AOD we can assume that the extinction profile from POLIS derived by the Fernald method delivers reasonable results for this day."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The comparison of the profiles of extinction coefficients taken by MULIS and BERTHA at Ouarzazate during the Falcon overflight also coincides well with the profile from the airborne HSRL."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0142__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 5 (left-hand panel) shows the extinction profiles from BERTHA at 355 and 532 nm, and from MULIS and the HSRL at 532 nm (MULIS data were provided by V. Freudenthaler, Meteorological Institute at the University of Munich)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0142__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For direct comparison the profiles observed at Tinfou are plotted again in Fig. 5 (right-hand panel)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0142__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The profiles measured at Ouarzazate resemble in shape and magnitude to the profiles measured at Tinfou."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar two-level dust layer is reaching up to altitudes around 4–4.2 km asl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0143__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The residual dust layer from the night is again present above 2.6 km and shows extinction values around 0.08 km−1, compared to 0.06 km−1 at Tinfou."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0143__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Below 2.6 km, inside the newly developed dust layer, the profiles from MULIS and the HSRL show extinction values of up to 0.15 km−1, compared to 0.2 km−1 at Tinfou."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144", "paragraph_index": 144, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The profiles from BERTHA are not shown below 2.2 km asl, because the overlap between laser and receiving telescope is not complete before 1.1 km above ground (see also Fig. 2, [29])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ground-based lidars have all different geometrical factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The smaller MULIS has a complete overlap at 250 m above ground."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For comparison, POLIS overlap is already complete at 120 m above ground."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0144__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since the HSRL is measuring downward looking its profiles always reach the ground."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0145", "paragraph_index": 145, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0145__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A disagreement in the profiles at Ouarzazate is a differing boundary layer top."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0145__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It results mainly from different vertical resolutions and smoothings: BERTHA data are vertically smoothed over 660 m. The HSRL has a vertical resolution of 530 m. MULIS data were calculated from backscatter coefficients using the lidar ratio from the HSRL and are smoothed with a sliding average of 75 m. The larger smoothing window from BERTHA and HSRL leads to a less pronounced upper boundary than in the profile by MULIS. But also the averaging times and different spatial resolutions of the HSRL compared to the stationary measurement of the ground-based lidar are different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0145__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The HSRL profile was averaged from 30.9°–30.0°N and 6.9°–6.8°W which corresponds to a temporal average of 86 s. The ground-based measurements are averaged over about 1.5 h to achieve a low-noise lidar signal. But independently of the slightly differing observed boundary layer heights by the lidar systems the determined particle properties are still comparable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0146", "paragraph_index": 146, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0146__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the profiles from Ouarzazate and Tinfou only represent a snapshot of the dust optical properties during one morning these results imply that the spatial variability of the dust layer over the distance of 100 km between Tinfou and Ouarzazate is rather low."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147", "paragraph_index": 147, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An overview over the dust optical properties measured by lidar at Ouarzazate is presented by Tesche et al. [ 29]: They conducted a height resolved statistical analysis that revealed a dust layer depth of typically 4–6 km height asl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A vertically inhomogeneous dust plume with internal dust layers was usually observed in the morning, before the evolution of the convective boundary layer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Saharan dust layer was then well mixed in the early evening."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The 500 nm dust optical depth ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 at Ouarzazate, Ångström exponents derived from photometer and lidar data were mainly between 0 and 0.4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The volume extinction coefficients varied from 0.03 to 0.3 km−1 with a mean value of 0.1 km−1 in the lowest 3 km agl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Mean extinction–to–backscatter ratios of 53–55 sr (±7–13 sr) were obtained at 355, 532 and 1064 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0147__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A significant wavelength dependence of the lidar ratio was not observed close to the source region of atmospheric desert dust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148", "paragraph_index": 148, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The values of the optical properties of the dust layer measured at Tinfou during the three lidar measurement days lay within these margins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dust layer height at Tinfou was 4 km asl, the extinction coefficients in the dust layer were between 0.1 and 0.2 km−1, and the AOD was around 0.4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During the whole SAMUM campaign the AOD at Tinfou was varying between 0.2 and 1.2 [25], slightly higher values than at Ouarzazate. But only a few days with a high AOD greater than 1 were observed and they were again caused by local dust activation when the wind speed was above 10 m s−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For most days the Ångström exponent is low (0.03–0.4)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0148__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These results encourage us to conclude that we observe the same typical optical properties for pure dust at both sides."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0149", "paragraph_index": 149, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0149__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To further study the spatial variability of the dust layer cross-sections of backscatter ratio and extinction coefficient derived from the airborne lidar measurements are shown in Fig. 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0149__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These cross-sections give a good overview over the dust distribution between Tinfou and Ouarzazate on 28 May 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0149__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This was a day of moderate dust load with AODs up to 0.5."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150", "paragraph_index": 150, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The extinction values east of the mountain ridge at 30.6°N show the developing dust layer with the highest values up to 2.5 km a.s.l., the same structure as observed by POLIS over Tinfou."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "West of the mountains the dust load is decreasing and starts to disperse into the upper boundary layer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The lidar extinction profiles measured at Ouarzazate show values of about 0.05 km−1 lower than at Tinfou."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is consistent with the slightly lower dust load observed over Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The differing amount of dust is also reflected in the lower backscatter ratio west of the mountains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0150__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The AOD measured by sun photometry at Ouarzazate at 11:0 UTC was 0.35, compared to 0.39 at Tinfou."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0151", "paragraph_index": 151, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0151__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "HYSPLIT backtrajectories [39] ending at Tinfou and Ouarzazate on 28 May 2006 at 11 UTC (not shown) support the assumption that the same air masses were advected at both sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0151__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The backtrajectory arriving at 1 km asl at both sites came from the southeast and originated from Algeria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0151__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The backtrajectories arriving at 2 and 3 km asl at both sites follow a cyclonic circulation from the south and southwest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0152", "paragraph_index": 152, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0152__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The meteorological situation during the whole SAMUM campaign was intensively analysed by Knippertz et al. [ 20] using backtrajectories."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0152__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They show that several high dust and intermediate phases with lower dust impact did alternate during SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0152__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The high dust phases were dominated by air mass advection from the east and southeast, that is, northern and central Algeria. But also during the low dust phases advection from the east occurs, for example, in connection with a high pressure systems over the Atlas Mountains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 6, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153", "paragraph_index": 153, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "28 May was the last day of the second high dust phase of SAMUM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It was characterized by a cut-off low over northwestern Africa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The corresponding circulation is reflected in the mid-level HYSPLIT trajectories for both sites in our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At lower levels there is still an easterly inflow of dust from Algeria, before the next intermediate low dust phase started later on that day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Due to the geographical location closer to Algeria, the dust load at these lower levels is higher at Tinfou than at Ouarzazate (see Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From this trajectory analysis we can conclude that the same air mass accounts for the same structure of the dust layer observed over Tinfou and Ouarzazate on this day."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0153__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "From the common easterly advection of dust during the high dust phases we can conclude that in these cases comparable dust conditions were present at both sites and thus similar dust optical properties were observed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0154", "paragraph_index": 154, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0154__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5. Summary and conclusions"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0155", "paragraph_index": 155, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0155__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, lidar profiles of dust backscatter and extinction coefficients and of volume and particle depolarization ratios are presented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0155__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The profiles were measured by several lidar systems in the frame of the first field campaign of the German SAMUM project in Southern Morocco."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0156", "paragraph_index": 156, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0156__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lidar profiles at the two SAMUM ground sites, Tinfou and Ouarzazate, and from an airborne lidar were used for a case study of the spatial variability of the dust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0157", "paragraph_index": 157, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0157__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The comparison of the derived particle properties at both sites show good agreement in particle depolarization, which lets us conclude that dust particles of the same type and shape were observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0157__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The comparison also revealed excellent agreement in extinction coefficient with the profiles obtained from an airborne HSRL during the overpasses over the sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0158", "paragraph_index": 158, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0158__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the typical extinction coefficients and the resulting AODs were slightly higher in Tinfou compared to Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0158__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is mainly due to more local dust sources and thus a higher amount of dust mixed into the boundary layer east of the Anti-Atlas Mountains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0159", "paragraph_index": 159, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0159__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar structure and height of the dust layer was observed at both sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0160", "paragraph_index": 160, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0160__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During daytime the new dust layer is developing while the residual layer from the night is still present at higher altitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0160__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the course of the day the dust layer height is raised by vertical mixing by convective processes like dust devils and convective dust plumes (see also [40])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0160__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the evenings the lidar profiles show a well-mixed dust layer extending up to 4 km asl."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0161", "paragraph_index": 161, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0161__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though the time period of the POLIS measurement at Tinfou was limited and thus the comparison is not based on statistics we can conclude that there are no indications of significant differences in the mineral dust characteristics over a spatial scale of 100 km."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0161__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During this comparison, the meteorological conditions were providing that the same dust layer was observable at both sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0161__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The pure and fresh dust layer probed in Tinfou was essentially consisting of the same dust particle type that has been observed over Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0161__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This encourages us to assume that results found at one site are valid for the other site as well and both sites together can be used to describe dust particles close to their source region."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 4, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162", "paragraph_index": 162, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Certainly, dissimilarities in the dust layer occur due to regional orographic features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the case of Ouarzazate and Tinfou, which are separated by the lower Anti-Atlas Mountains, these are minor differences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, the high Atlas Mountains west of Ouarzazate may cause a significant change in the optical properties by mixing marine aerosol with the dust particles [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From this, we can conclude that although the dust load is higher closer to the desert, the observed two-layer structure of the dust layer is in principle the same, and, more important, the dust optical properties measured at both sites are comparable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, we can conclude that Ouarzazate was close enough to the North African sources of mineral dust to allow the characterization of pure mineral dust particles by lidar profiling."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0162__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The choice of the main lidar site at Ouarzazate airport – where the necessary logistical conditions for the big lidar systems were available – away from the in situ site was an appropriate alternative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0163", "paragraph_index": 163, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0163__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0163__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Acknowledgments"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0164", "paragraph_index": 164, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0164__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The SAMUM researcher group was funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) under Grant FOR539."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0165", "paragraph_index": 165, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__critique__p0165__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model used in this publication."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2403__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166", "paragraph_index": 166, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Approximately 30% of the land surface is arid, having desert or semi-desert conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aerosol originating from these regions plays a significant role in climate and atmospheric chemistry of the atmosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Retrieving aerosol properties from space-borne platforms above desert conditions, where the surface reflectance is usually very bright, is a challenging task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The proportion of the surface to top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance can reach values over 90%, especially for wavelength above 500 nm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For these reasons detailed knowledge of aerosol and surface optical properties from these regions is required to separate atmosphere from intrinsically bright surfaces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "An approach to retrieve aerosol properties over arid and semi-arid regions based on the Bremen Aerosol Retrieval (BAER) has been developed and validated within the Dust Aerosol Retrievals from Space-Born Instruments (DREAMS) Project, which is part of the Saharan Mineral Dust Experiment (SAMUM, 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0166__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Combining measurements of the backscattered radiation from the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) instrument aboard Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT) and ground-based measurements in Morocco in radiation closure experiments yields the aerosol optical properties of mineral dust at selected locations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167", "paragraph_index": 167, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The recognition that anthropogenic activity directly and indirectly is modulating climate (IPCC, 2007), and the observation of increasing desertification, which, as a consequence, results in increasing amounts of atmospheric dust, has turned the attention of the scientific community on the importance of improving our understanding of aerosol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this context airborne mineral dust plays an important role, having bio-geochemical impact on the ecosystem and influencing locally and globally atmospheric radiative forcing [1][2][3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As described in several studies [4], the dust from the Sahara is often transported out of the boundary layer into free troposphere and then travels thousands of kilometres across the Atlantic or into northern Europe."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this reason, it is especially important to understand the processes controlling the formation, transport and fate of dust aerosols originating from Saharan source regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0167__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, adequate satellite remote sensing observation techniques for mineral dust are required, which can be used over a wide variety of surface conditions, especially in source regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 4, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168", "paragraph_index": 168, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Bremen aerosol retrieval algorithm (BAER) has been developed to retrieve aerosol optical properties above land and ocean surfaces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A detailed description of the BAER algorithm and its application for the retrieval of aerosol properties are discussed elsewhere [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Predominantly existing retrieval approaches for aerosol optical thickness work for known low reflecting surface conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The bright surface of desert and semi-arid regions is the most challenging application for BAER."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In desert regions, the spectral surface reflectance is very high in the red part of visible spectrum and near infrared, but decreases relatively fast in the blue for wavelengths shorter 500 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This behaviour contrasts to that of, for example, clouds or snow, which are predominantly spectral neutral."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To account for increased surface reflectance, associated with these very bright surfaces types, BAER needed to be modified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The radiation closures of the SAMUM experiment have been used to investigate aerosol [6] and surface [7] properties and their interaction with the retrieval of aerosol optical thickness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A brief overview of the used satellite instrument and the usual aerosol retrieval techniques in the UV/VIS region will be given in Section 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A description of the optimization of BAER for desert conditions will be discussed in Section 2.2 and validated in Section 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0168__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Examples of aerosol optical thickness derived by using the BAER algorithm over Sahara region during SAMUM campaign in South Morocco will be shown in this paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169", "paragraph_index": 169, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The evaluations reveal various dust sources, which are important contributors to airborne dust transported over long distances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The aerosol optical thickness and surface reflectance are determined simultaneously in the algorithm using look-up tables to match the satellite observed spectral top of atmosphere (TOA) radiance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Reduced Resolution Level 1 data of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), which is a radiometer on the Environmental Satellite (ENVISAT), are used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The instrument gives TOA radiance at 15 channels in the wavelength range of 400–1000 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Several algorithms for remote sensing of aerosol properties over land using different kind of sensors have already been developed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The BAER algorithm is generic and can be applied to any calibrated measurement of backscattered radiation, yielding the TOA spectral reflectance as a function of wavelength, especially those having sufficient channels in the short-wave region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0169__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this context, it has been applied to the data from the sensors: Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS; http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/SeaWiFS/), Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS; http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/), MERIS [8][9] and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY; [10][11])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170", "paragraph_index": 170, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The standard MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm over land uses the dark target approach [12][13] and assumes a fixed relation between 0.47, 0.64 and the 2.1 μm channels, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a valid assumption for most vegetated land surfaces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "But over desert regions these values deviates significantly from this assumption."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For these conditions, there are substantial areas with data gaps in the standard MODIS aerosol product over land."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The BAER algorithm as well as the ‘Deep Blue’ algorithm from [14] uses the blue channels of satellite instruments for separation between surface and atmosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is possible, because of the decreasing surface reflectance in this spectral regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For dark surfaces (vegetation, ‘brown’ bare soil) this is an appropriate approach, whereas over desert and other bright reflecting surfaces this leads to an not negligible overestimation of the aerosol optical thickness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To avoid this problem [14] use as an a priori knowledge a surface reflectance determined from a clear-scene database for a given geolocation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Following this approach, this study is focusing on an improvement of the model for the spectral and bidirectional reflecting surface properties and its integration within the retrieval procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "For this a surface reflectance data set for the SAMUM region based on atmospheric corrected MERIS data has been build up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0170__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Comparisons of this database with aircraft measurements are shown in Section 4.3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171", "paragraph_index": 171, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper, retrievals of aerosol optical properties have been inverted from measurements made by the MERIS instrument, which flies on the European satellite ENVISAT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Environmental Satellite was launched on the 1 March 2002."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It flies in a sun synchronous orbit in descending mode, having an inclination of 82° and a resulting equator crossing time of around 10 a.m. The MERIS, medium resolution instrument, is a hyper-spectral instrument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The backscatterd upwelling radiation from atmosphere and surface is directed into the instrument, which comprises a spectrometer and a 2-D array detector arrangement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Observations of the Earth shine and the extraterrestrial solar irradiance yield the spectral reflectance at the TOA for the particular viewing direction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The instrument has 15 spectral channels, which operate between 400 and 1000 nm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The spatial resolution of one pixel is 1.04 × 1.2 km reduced and 260 × 300 m full resolved for all 15 channels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The swath width amounts 1150 km and yields to a global coverage every 3 d. MERIS is a well-calibrated instrument and is qualified for evaluations over bright reflecting surfaces, because there is no saturation problem with high radiation input in each of the spectral channels up to an albedo of 1.0 [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0171__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Furthermore it offers a successful mixture of spectral and spatial resolution and coverage."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172", "paragraph_index": 172, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An overview of the steps within the extended BAER approach is presented in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The BAER method determines an aerosol reflectance by eq. ( 1) and has been extended for the purpose of retrievals over desert: (1) Subtracting the path reflectance produced by the Rayleigh scattering for the geometry of illumination and observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Correcting air masses by ground pressure using a digital elevation model for the surface elevation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( 2) Correcting the surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Over land: using a model of a linear mixture of reflectance spectra of vegetation and bare soil, tuned by Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Over ocean: linear mixing of coastal water and clean ocean using Normalized Differential Phytoplankton Index (NDPI). ( 3) A new land class ‘Desert’ has been implemented, using brighter bare soil spectra, if NDVI is close to zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "( 4) The use of constraints for the spectral aerosol optical thickness as a function of wavelength."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In this manner, BAER retrieves spectral AOT by separating the effect of aerosol on the backscattered radiation from those of surfaces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "As a result the spectral surface reflectance is generated simultaneously for a given ground scene."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0172__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The main problem is the selection and consideration of the variability of bare soil spectra."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173", "paragraph_index": 173, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To distinguish between cloudy and cloud free pixels from MERIS observations we use a three step approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This based on the following three assumptions: (1) First we use a simple threshold approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That means if the TOA reflectance of channels 2, 3 and 4 (443, 490 and 510 nm) exceeds a limit (ρ TOA > 0.3) we assign this pixel as cloudy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( 2) If the TOA reflectance the ratio of two channels (412 and 443 nm) for the first is lower than ρ TOA(412 nm)/ρ TOA(443 nm) < 1.04."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( 3) The standard deviation of a centre pixel of a 5 × 5 pixel mask to the mean of this mask is a value for the gradient of this pixel to the neighbour pixels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This assign mainly the cloud borders and high reflectance variations within clouds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "If the relation of the standard deviation to the mean of a 5 × 5 pixel mask is lager than σ/AOT(5 × 5) > 0.005 the pixel is masked as cloudy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0173__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These values are working quite well for the region of SAMUM campaign. But improving this cloud parameters for independent retrievals on lager scales (beyond SAMUM region) is subject of further investigations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174", "paragraph_index": 174, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main equation [12][5] used in this work can be formulated as follows: ρAer(λ, z0, zS) = ρTOA(λ, z0, zS) − ρRay(λ, z0, zS, pSurf(z)) − T (λ, M(z0)) · T (λ, M(zS)) · ASurf(λ) 1 − ASurf(λ) · ρHem(λ) (1) , where ρ Aer is the aerosol and ρ TOA the TOA reflectance, calculated by the normalization of measured TOA radiance L(λ) to the extraterrestrial irradiance E 0(λ) multiplied by the airmass factor M0: ρTOA(λ) = π L(λ) E0(λ) · M0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( 2) ρ Ray(λ, z0, zS, pSurf(z)) is the path reflectance of the Rayleigh scattering whereas pSurf(z) is the surface pressure depending on the elevation of the ground for the corresponding pixel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The information of the elevation comes from the gtopo30 database (q. v. http://edc.usgs.gov/sitemap.html)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "T(λ, M(z0)) and T(λ, M(zS)) are the total atmospheric transmission for the zenith distance of illumination z0 and viewing geometry zS whereas M is the air mass factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The transmission factors containing direct and diffuse transmission for both radiation directions z0,S ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "ρ Hem(λ) is the hemispheric atmospheric reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The influence of the hemispheric reflectance over low reflecting surfaces (e.g. ocean or vegetation in the blue spectral region) is less important but not negligible over bright surfaces like desert."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Total transmissions and hemispheric reflectance are determined by parametrization derived from radiative transfer calculations [15][16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The radiative transfer calculations are made using an Henyey-Greenstein asymmetry parameter of g = 0.7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0174__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The transmissions and hemispheric reflectance are calculated for a AOT range of 0.0–2.5 and parametrized by polynomial coefficients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175", "paragraph_index": 175, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The investigations with the SAMUM data have shown that consideration of the surface albedo ASurf(λ) as a Lambert ground is not sufficient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this study it has been shown that a simple cosine law does not match the angle dependence of desert ground reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, an improved surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model is implemented in BAER and is described in Section 2.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Figure 2 shows several surface spectra, including data for bright bare soil conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since the bare soil over the Sahara region is more or less the only surface influence, the variability of the soil type directly affects the spectral AOT."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, a regional data set with an adequate surface spectra is required."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This needs to be established iteratively by the BAER approach, starting with a priori assumptions for the region of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0175__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "For the SAMUM region, the spectrum from [17] as ρ Soil(λ) and a vegetation spectrum ρ Veg(λ) from closure experiment Lindenberg Aerosol Characterization Experiment (LACE-98) are used (see [5])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176", "paragraph_index": 176, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using MERIS overflights, intercomparisons of retrieved aerosol optical thickness and ground-based sun photometer measurements have been made."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These intercomparisons have shown systematic deviations depending on viewing geometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the phasefunctions in [6], see Fig. 4, do not support the observed deviations in viewing geometry, the observed effects need to be evoked by surface anisotropy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore the surface reflectance model used by the BAER approach needs to be extended for anisotropy effects of surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The following surface reflectance model is used in this study: ρSurf(λ) = · [CVeg · ρVeg(λ) F BRDF∗ + (1 − CVeg) · ρSoil(λ)] (3) with F as scaling factor, adapting the spectral surface model to the conditions within the scene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This scaling is made for the wavelength 0.665 μm (MERIS channel 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "F = ρTOA(665 nm) − ρRay(665 nm) − ρAer(665 nm) CVeg · ρVeg(665 nm) + (1 − CVeg) · ρSoil(665 nm) (4) ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "C Veg is the vegetation fraction using an atmospheric corrected NDVI, calculated with channel 13 (0.865 μm) and channel 7 (0.665 μm) of MERIS and BRDF∗ is a normalized function considering the surface anisotropy relative to nadir viewing (see Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0176__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "BRDF∗(z0, zS, φ) = BRDF(z0, zS, φ) BRDF(z0, zS = 0, φ)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177", "paragraph_index": 177, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The original approach of [18] does not consider the BRDF effects and F was the only parameter for adapting the surface model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the radiation closure between ground-based results and satellite data within this study showed that significant deviations in AOT occur, if the surface anisotropy is neglected."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To reduce deviations in AOT the surface anisotropy by the Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete BRDF model [19][20][21][22][23] will be introduced as follows: BRDF = k0 · cosk2−1 z0 · cosk2−1 zS (cos z0 + cos zS)1−k2 · P (θ ) · (1 + R(θ))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( 6) Thereby P (θ) = [ 1 + k2 1 1 − k2 1 − 2 · k1 · cos(π − θ ) ] 3/2 (7) is a function of anisotropic scattering of the surface, where θ is the phase angle cos θ = cos z0 · cos zS + sin z0 · sin zS · cos φ ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( 1 + R(θ)) describes the ‘glint’ region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "R(θ) = 1 − k0 1 + g (8) g = (tan2 z0 + tan2 zS − 2 · tan z0 · tan zS · cos φ)1/2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "( 9) The parameters k0, k1 and k2 have to be determined to minimize the deviations of the retrieved AOT from satellite and ground."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "k0 is the parameter for the intensity of the surface reflectance and has less influence on the shape of the BRDF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "As input of this parameter we use the result of [C Veg · ρ Veg(λ) + (1 − C Veg) · ρ Soil(λ)] from eq. ( 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "For the conditions at the location of ‘Porte au Sahara’ k2 = 0.7 and for k1 = −0.1 have been extracted as optimal parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0177__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The same parameters at the site Ouarzazate also lead to a significant reduction of deviations between retrieved satellite and ground-based AOT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178", "paragraph_index": 178, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Assuming a ‘black-sky’ albedo, in other words neglecting the diffuse hemispherical part (‘white-sky’ albedo), the resulting surface reflectance ρ Surf(λ) can be treated as equivalent to the albedo ASurf(λ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The increase of the diffuse hemispherical reflectance along with increasing atmospheric aerosol loading is corrected by ρ Hem(λ) in eq. ( 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The present status cannot give experience on the regional variability of these parameters, especially, if different surface types exist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These parameters are found for dry stone desert type in Southern Morocco."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0178__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the continuation of the analysis of deviations between retrieved and ground-based AOT and the analysis of POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances) data will give also parameters for other surface types [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 24, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [23, 24, 24], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179", "paragraph_index": 179, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The LUTs describe the relationships between TOA reflectance, aerosol reflectance and the AOT, respectively, for the different channels of the MERIS instrument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These calculations have been carried out with radiative transfer models (RTM) to establish look-up tables for the retrieval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is made by using the radiative transfer code of [24] for the solar illumination and satellite observation geometry within the scene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similar results have been obtained using the RTM SCIATRAN [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Aerosol reflectance is strongly dependent on illumination and viewing geometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Since the RTM include multiple scattering, the effects of multiple scattering are automatically considered in the LUT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The setup of LUT requires input parameters for the RTM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These are the aerosol optical thickness, the phasefunction and the single scattering albedo of the aerosol and the spectral surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The aerosol optical thickness, the phasefunction and the single scattering albedo were determined using ground-based measurements [6] and the spectral surface albedo by aircraft measurements [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Examples of calculated phasefunctions are shown in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This phasefunctions are calculated from ground-based CIMEL sky brightness measurements by using an inversion model based on a semi-empirical approach by [26] and was done in [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The curve shape shows a very smooth behaviour in the backward scattering region and no back scattering peak which is an outcome of non-spherical particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Further information are available in the work of [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The results of the radiative transfer calculations are shown in Fig. 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "The LUT was calculated up to an aerosol optical thickness of 2.5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The AOT increases strongly with increasing aerosol reflectance, this means low deviation of the retrieved aerosol reflectance leads to a high variation in the AOT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "If we look to the variability of the anisotropy effects of the surface (see Section 2.3) we get differences of ±20% in the considered surface albedo (see Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "This makes a difference for lower wavelength, where the surface reflectance is about 0.1 (see Fig. 2), of ±0.32 in the retrieved AOT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "For larger wavelength (>500 nm), where the reflectance of bright surfaces may be greater than 0.3 (see Fig. 2), deviation of ±20% leads to an over- or underestimation of the AOT of 1.15."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Therefore, we retrieve the AOT only for the first seven channels of MERIS (412–665 nm)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "The data for lager wavelength are extrapolated with the calculated Ångström coefficient to the six channels above 665 nm (682–885 nm) to recalculate the atmospheric corrected surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Radiative transfer calculations have also shown that a brighter surface reflectance yields to an increase of the multiple scattering fraction as part of the aerosol reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Thus, the surface has an important influence on the retrieved AOT."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0179__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Other than for relative dark surface conditions, systematic LUTs for different surface conditions are required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180", "paragraph_index": 180, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The extended BAER approach has been tested over the Sahara region during the SAMUM experiment in Ouarzazate and Zagora (“Port au Sahara”), South Morocco (SAMUM, 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During the SAMUM experiment (12 May–7 June 2006) the following closure measurements have been made: (1) Ground-based measurement for spectral AOT and sky-brightness with a CIMEL 318 sun photometer to derive validation data and required aerosol phasefunctions for the desert dust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "( 2) Spectral albedo measurements from aircraft [7] to compare the retrieved spectral surface reflectance by BAER."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( 3) Top of atmosphere radiance by the MERIS instrument for the retrieval of AOT and surface reflectance by BAER and for further closure studies to derive additional aerosol and surface parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Inter-comparisons with the ground- and satellite-based data will be given in Section 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0180__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "First retrievals over desert region with the modified BAER are presented in this paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181", "paragraph_index": 181, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using the desert starting conditions described in Sections 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4, first retrievals of AOT and surface reflectance over Morocco and surrounding region have been obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As one example, Fig. 6 gives the regional pattern of AOT for MERIS channel 1 (412 nm) over land and ocean for the MERIS scene of 19 May 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The corresponding RGB image is given in Fig. 7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A validation of AOT for all MERIS overflights during the SAMUM campaign (12 May–7 June 2006) in Morocco is given in Fig. 8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The two CIMEL sun photometers for ground-based AOT measurements were placed at the airport of Ouarzazate as well as 36 km southeast of Zagora at ‘Porte au Sahara’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The sun photometer in Ouarzazate was part of the AERONET network and the sun photometer in Zagora was contributed by the Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For further information see corresponding publications [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "First validations have been done by wavelength 440 nm of the sun photometer and 443 nm of the MERIS instrument, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The retrieved AOT from satellite data is averaged over a 5 × 5 pixel mask of the corresponding geolocation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The comparisons show qualitative good agreements between retrieved AOTs with a correlation coefficient of 0.84 (see Fig. 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The time of measurements and satellite overpass time are synchronized and have maximum deviation of ±20 min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Nonetheless strong temporal dynamics of aerosol loading in these regions could be responsible for deviations of ground- and satellite-based measurements because of differences in measuring time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "22 and 25 May 2006 show very high AOTs around 1.2 for ground measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0181__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The BAER algorithm detects these conditions as cloudy and disregards the relevant pixels from standard AOT retrieval."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182", "paragraph_index": 182, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Fig. 9, comparisons of spectral AOT retrieved from satellite (MERIS BAER) and CIMEL ground-based instrument are shown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The AOTs of 13 MERIS channels are averaged over 5 × 5 pixels for the geolocation of the SAMUM AERONET site in Ouarzazate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The error-bars are the standard deviation for the 5 × 5 pixel mask."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The sun photometer spectra in Fig. 9 are measured for the same time as the MERIS overpass time with maximum deviations of ±20 min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The MERIS AOT shows a higher Ångström coefficient than the sun photometer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For the first four MERIS channels the comparison shows good agreement but for wavelengths above 500 nm the deviation increases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This behaviour is due to the increasing of total TOA reflectance in relation to the aerosol reflectance, which is a consequence of increasing surface reflectance."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0182__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "So little deviations in the estimate of surface reflectance have a strong impact on the retrieved AOT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183", "paragraph_index": 183, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) flies aboard the TERRA satellite in a sun synchronous orbit and measures upwelling solar radiation scattered by Earth surface and atmosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The instrument measures for each pixel in a swath of 400 km width four short-wave spectral channels (446, 558, 672 and 866 nm) at nine different viewing angles (forward and backward 70.5°, 60.0°, 45.6°, 26.1° and nadir view)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this feature the MISR aerosol retrieval algorithms are able to distinguish contributions in TOA reflectance from surface and atmosphere [27][28][29][30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The MISR standard aerosol product reports AOT and aerosol type at 17.6 km spatial resolution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With the swath width of 400 km the MISR instrument has a poorer coverage than the MERIS instrument and get a global coverage every 9 d. During SAMUM field campaign there were three dates (19, 28 May and 04 June 2006), where the MISR overpass covers the region of interest (see [31])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0183__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The comparisons between MISR and MERIS show good agreement with little deviation (see Fig. 8) which could be caused by different overpass times (∼30 min)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184", "paragraph_index": 184, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the BAER algorithm completes the AOT retrieval successfully, which means with a RMSD lower than 0.05, the standard run is followed by an additional loop: The recalculation of surface albedo by inversion of eq. ( 1) with all retrieved parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Fig. 10, comparisons of surface reflectance from satellite and aircraft in the region of Ouarzazate for the 19 May 2006 are shown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For each aircraft measurement the next collocated pixel of MERIS measurement is evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The TOA reflectance has been corrected by the atmosphere reflectance, in other words by the Rayleigh reflectance ρ Ray(λ, z0, zS, pSurf(z)) and aerosol reflectance ρ Aer(λ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First retrievals of recalculated surface albedo for the 19 May 2006 in the region of Ouarzazate show qualitative good agreement with air plane measurements from [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0184__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The BAER algorithm reproduces the shape of the spectral dependence of the albedo in a correct way, but the deviation of the absolute adaptation in wavelength above 550 nm leads to a larger error in the retrieved aerosol optical thickness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185", "paragraph_index": 185, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First retrievals of aerosol optical thickness over arid and semi-arid Saharan desert regions of the MERIS instrument aboard ENVISAT are obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These results have been analysed and validated in comparison with the ground-based observations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It has been shown that the assumption of a Lambert ground leaded to unresolved surface effects in the AOT retrieval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Especially dependencies of the AOT results on viewing geometry were observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Exclusion of the TOA reflectance anisotropy due to aerosol and molecular scattering, leads to the conclusion that further surface directional effects have to be taken into account."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, following improvements and modifications in the original BAER retrieval have been required to improve AOT results over brighter surfaces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "( 1) The Rayleigh path reflectance ρ Ray(λ, z0, zS, pSurf(z)) needs to be calculated considering the approximate value surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The assumption of ‘black’ surface leads to biased spectral behaviour of AOT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "( 2) The surface cannot be treated as a Lambert ground."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The retrieval results suffered from surface anisotropy, depending on illumination and viewing geometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Since the MERIS observations during SAMUM include the ‘glint’ region, clear indications for non Lambertian surface effects have been found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "( 3) For the compensation of surface anisotropy the parameters of a BRDF model [23][19][20][21][22] have been determined to minimize the deviations between retrieved AOT and ground-based observations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Thus a normalized BRDF model has been obtained, which is implemented into the surface model of BAER."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "With these changes in the original BAER approach comparable AOTs with ground-based observations have been obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "The results are now comparable within a 25% range in magnitude and in spectral slope (see Figs. 8 and 9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The correlation of retrieved AOT of 443 nm from ground- and satellite-based measurements improves from 0.22 to 0.84."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "First retrievals of recalculated surface albedo for the 19 May 2006 over Ouarzazate show qualitative good agreement with airplane measurements from [7] (see Fig. 10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0185__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The algorithm reproduces the spectral shape of the albedo in a correct way, but the deviation of the absolute adaption for wavelengths above 550 nm leads to a larger error in the retrieved aerosol optical thickness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2403", "paragraph_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186", "paragraph_index": 186, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is the first time a retrieval is presented to analyse spectral aerosol properties over bright reflecting desert regions for the MERIS instrument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To solve such challenging problem closure experiments like SAMUM are essential to get detailed knowledge about local atmosphere aerosol conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With that knowledge we were able to improve the BAER algorithm to those conditions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The key issue to retrieve aerosol optical thickness from TOA reflectance is the separation between atmosphere and surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Because of high variability and no atmospheric independent characteristic, like the NDVI, we need a priori knowledge about the surface reflectance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This knowledge comes from experimental measurements like the SAMUM campaign."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To retrieve larger regions from satellite, not everywhere measurements are available, we need to use a database of surface reflectivity using, for example, the minimum reflectivity technique [32][33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The radiative transfer calculations for the determination of LUT showed that brighter surface reflectance leads to an increased contribution of multiple scattering."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2403__response__p0186__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Therefore, LUT calculated for dark (or even ‘black’) surface conditions will underestimate higher AOT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2403/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2138319573_W2045700815_W1986400530", "triad_name": "triad_2403", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2403__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the MGH Cohort Table 1 and Supplement Table S1 (24) provide demo- graphic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics overall and by obesity (BMI ≥30 or BMI <30) for the MGH cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At PTC, obese patients were more likely to be female (48% vs 41%, P = 0.020), were younger (56.0 vs 65.0 median age, P < 0.001), less likely to have ever smoked (33% vs 42%, P = 0.001) and more likely to be Hispanic (42% vs 32%, P < 0.001) compared with nonobese patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They were also more likely to experience a longer time from start of symptoms to PTC, experience more symptoms at PTC, have a reported history of T2DM and be admitted directly to the ICU than nonobese patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At 28 days after PTC, obese patients had more complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, and were more likely to be mechanically ventilated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CRP trajectories over time are illustrated in Fig. 2 stratified by obesity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The individual level trajectories are presented as a function of the number of days before or after peak CRP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Medians each day by mechanical ventila- tion/death status are provided."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This exploratory figure sug- gests: (1) a shift upwards in CRP within both obesity strata for patients with more severe disease; and (2) a higher median peak CRP for obese compared with nonobese pa- tients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In unadjusted analysis, median peak biomarker values in obese patients compared with nonobese patients were greater for CRP and ESR."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Findings support systemic inflammatory pathways in obesity-associated severe COVID-19 disease, particularly in patients < 65 years, captured by CRP and ESR."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Contextualized in clinical trial findings, these results reveal therapeutic opportunity to target systemic inflammatory pathways and monitor interventions in high-risk subgroups and particularly obese patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Key Words: biomarkers, COVID-19, inflammation, obesity, SARS-CoV-2, severe disease Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for critical illness among severe acute respiratory syndrome cor- onavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected individuals (1-4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that obesity- associated severe disease is more pronounced in younger populations compared with older populations (5-8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the same time, studies of multiple biomarkers of pathophysiological processes reveal elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), D-dimer, ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and white blood cell count (WBC) and its fractions contribute to severe COVID-19 outcomes (4, 9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, emerging immunophenotyping data suggest that a marked dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity is a hall- mark of poor outcomes in COVID-19 (10-12)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As the relationship between obesity and inflammatory markers is well-established in population and clinical based epidemiologic studies of non-SARS-CoV-2-infected individ- uals (13-15), several commentaries have postulated on com- plex mechanisms linking obesity, inflammatory pathways, age, and race/ethnicity to severe disease in COVID-19 (16, 17)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the specific role of inflammation in the causal pathways between obesity and severe COVID-19 outcomes remains unknown and the translational clinical utility of dis- ease biomarkers in COVID-19 remains to be fully developed and exploited."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this work, we hypothesize that biomarkers of obesity-associated systemic inflammation are mediators of severe outcomes in COVID-19."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Through a rigorous in- vestigation of causal mediation by systemic inflammatory responses in the link between obesity and severe COVID-19 outcomes, this research is designed to advance clinical trans- lational opportunities for targeted interventions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We addressed our hypothesis using data derived from 3828 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients hospitalized at 2 independent quaternary care facilities, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and Columbia University Irving Medical Center/New York Presbyterian Hospital (CUIMC/NYP)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The MGH COVID-19 Patient Registry includes n = 1202 confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected patients hospitalized at MGH between March 11, 2020 and May 31, 2020 (18, 19)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data include demographic information, comorbid conditions, medications, laboratory tests, and clinical outcomes at index hospitalization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The current analysis considered the composite outcome defined as invasive ventilation or death within 28 days of presentation to care (PTC), defined as first contact with a health care provider due to COVID-19 related symptoms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Obesity was defined at time of hospitalization as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "CRP, ESR, D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, and WBC were chronicled daily during hospitalization for up to 28 days until the time of death or discharge and the first measurement per day used in analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Admission biomarkers were defined as the first available within 3 days of hospitalization and peak values as the max- imum during the observation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0007__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the primary causal mediation analysis, the peak value was defined as the maximum observed within 28 days of PTC and prior to ventilation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A replication analysis was performed using retrospective data on n = 2626 individuals from the CUIMC/NYP COVID-19 cohort (20)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This cohort includes adult patients (≥18 years of age) hospitalized between February 1, 2020 and May 12, 2020 who were positive for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients who were admitted for < 24 hours were excluded from analysis and patients were followed until discharge or death, or for ≥ 30 days of hospitalization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patient data were identified in the electronic health record (EHR) by using the institution's clinical data warehouse, which included information on individuals who receive care at CUIMC/ NYP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No manual abstraction was performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Analysis was based on index hospitalization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The primary outcome was a composite of use of invasive ventilation or death."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Peak biomarker values were defined over the duration of hos- pitalization."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0008__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We chose this pragmatic replication despite some differences in exposure definitions between MGH and CUIMC/NYP cohorts because successful replication would suggest a robust result likely to be generalizable across a wide range of geographic and clinical settings."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Baseline characteristics were summarized overall and by obesity for the MGH and CUIMC/NYP cohorts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unadjusted 2-sided tests of proportions (or means) were reported to characterize differences between obese and nonobese pa- tients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We evaluated the mediating role of 6 inflammatory markers-CRP, ESR, D-dimer, ferritin, IL-6, and WBC-in the association between obesity and severe disease (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Peak laboratory measurements were natural log trans- formed and standardized prior to model fitting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To begin, we fitted the following generalized linear multivariable models for each biomarker: (1) A Total Effect Model using a logit link with mechanical ventilation/ death (Y) as the outcome and obesity (T) as a predictor variable, where the biomarker (M) is not included in the model, f(Y|T); (2) A Mediator Model using an identify link with peak biomarker as the outcome and obesity as a pre- dictor, f(M|T); and (3) An Outcome Model using a logit link with mechanical ventilation/death as the outcome and both obesity and peak biomarker as predictor variables, f(Y|T, M)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All models were initially conditioned on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and the number of biomarker measurements contributing to determination of peak value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The reported odds ratios (ORs) are computed in the same way as using standard statistical model fitting procedures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We applied the causal mediation analysis approach de- scribed in (21), which uses the results of the model fitting described above to determine the proportion of the asso- ciation between obesity and severe outcomes that is medi- ated by the biomarker."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conceptually, the analysis estimates a decomposition of the total effect (TE) of obesity (T) on severe disease status (Y) into an average natural direct effect (NDE) and natural indirect effect (NIE) through in- flammatory markers (M), namely, TE = NDE + NIE (Fig. 1) (22, 23)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mediation analysis draws model parameters based on their sampling distributions and simulates what are referred to as \"counterfactual\" biomarker values for each patient under the obese and nonobese conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The regression coefficients obtained from the generalized linear multivariable models fit previously are then used to simu- late \"counterfactual\" ICU/death outcomes under obese and nonobese conditions with counterfactual biomarker values."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The NDE and NIE are estimated from contrasting average counterfactual outcomes: NDE = E[Y(1,M(0)) The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022, Vol. 107, No. 2 e701 - Y(0,M(0))] and NIE = E[Y(1,M1)) - Y(1,M(0))], where Y(t,m) denotes the counterfactual outcome had a patient had obesity status T = t and biomarker value M = m, M(t) denotes the counterfactual mediator value under obesity status T = t and E[.] denotes statistical expectation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The proportion mediated is given by the ratio of NIE to TE."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The average proportion mediated and corresponding P value were reported for each biomarker."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Models were fitted overall and within age subgroups (<65 or ≥65 years) based on data from adult patients (≥18 years of age) with at least one recorded biomarker measure prior to ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A complete case analysis was performed assuming data were missing completely at random."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Summary level data on characteristics of patients with and without missing data are provided in Supplement Table S3 (24)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Primary analysis was based on data derived from the MGH co- hort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Replication analysis was based on the CUIMC/NYP cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additional analyses using the MGH cohort were performed to check the consistency of our conclusions when adjusting for additional potential confounders (type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], hypertension, dyslipidemia, and pulmonary disease) in the multivariable models or including CRP measurements after mechanical ventilation in the calculation of peak CRP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All analyses were completed using R version 3.5.0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Mediation analysis was performed using the R package \"mediation.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Partners HealthCare Institutional Review Board (IRB) (#2020P000829) approved collection of curated data based on comprehensive manual chart reviews and data extrac- tions from the EHRs on patients who receive care through the Mass General Brigham (formerly Partners) system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The CUIMC IRB approved this study (#AAAS9835) and waived the requirement for obtaining informed consent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, null, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 provides results of the causal mediation analysis of peak CRP overall and stratified by age (<65 or ≥65 years) in the MGH cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the adjusted Total Effect Model (Supplement Table S2) (24), obesity was a significant pre- dictor of ventilation or death (OR = 1.73; 95% CI = [1.25, 2.41]) and in the adjusted Mediator Model obesity of was significant predictor of peak CRP (estimate = 0.261, P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After additional adjustment for peak CRP in the adjusted Outcome Model, the effect of obesity on ven- tilation or death was partially attenuated (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = [1.03, 2.16])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A statistically significant positive inter- action between peak CRP and age on severe outcome was also observed, suggesting a greater effect of peak CRP on COVID-19 outcomes with increasing age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There was no observed interaction between peak CRP and obesity on se- vere outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Summary data on patients with and without complete data are in Supplement Table S3 (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The average proportion of the effect of obesity on ventilation/death that was mediated by peak CRP is 0.49 (P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In stratified analysis, the proportion mediated was 0.44 (P = 0.180) in patients ≥65 years of age and 0.52 (P < 0.001) in pa- tients < 65 years of age."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model results for 5 additional inflammatory bio- markers are provided in Table 2 and Supplement Figure S1 (24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In all cases, a statistically significant positive asso- ciation was observed between peak biomarker value and the probability of ventilation or death (Outcome Model)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Strikingly, with the exception of ESR, there was no detect- able association between obesity and the peak values for Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/107/2/e698/6362597 by Robert Crown Law Library user on 07 October 2025 e702 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2022, Vol. 107, No. 2 any of these additional biomarkers, overall nor within age strata (Mediator Model)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This result suggests that peak D-dimer, ferritin, WBC, and IL-6 are unlikely to be in the causal pathway between obesity and severe outcomes in this population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similar to CRP although to a lesser extent, peak levels of ESR also mediated the effect of obesity on ventilation/death and, like CRP, this was more pronounced in the younger age group (<65 years old) though this was not statistically significant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Replication analysis was performed using the CUIMC/ NYP COVID-19 cohort (N = 2626)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Supplement Table S4 (24) provides characteristics of this cohort overall and by obesity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similar to MGH, in the CUIMC/NYP co- hort, obese patients were more likely to be female (51% vs 37%, P < 0.001) and were younger (60 vs 69 median age, P < 0.001) compared with nonobese patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Obese patients were also more likely to be Black (14% vs 11%, P = 0.027)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Despite younger age, a history of hyperten- sion and T2DM were numerically greater in obese patients compared with nonobese patients, although not statistic- ally significantly different in unadjusted analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Summary data on patients with and without complete data are in Supplement Table S3 (24)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 3 presents the results of causal mediation ana- lysis of CRP in the CUIMC/NYP cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The overall esti- mated average proportion mediated was 0.67 (P = 0.002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In stratified analysis, the proportion mediated was 0.63 (P = 0.230) in patients ≥65 years of age and 0.68 (P < 0.001) in patients <65 years of age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consistent also with the MGH registry data, an increase in peak values was associated with an increased odds of ventilator or death for ESR, WBC, D-dimer, ferritin, and IL-6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There was no association, however, between obesity and peak values of D-dimer, WBC, and IL-6, while obesity was negatively associated with peak ferritin in patients ≥65 years of age (Supplement Table S5) (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similar to MGH data, there was evidence of modest mediation effect captured by ele- vated ESR that was more pronounced in the younger age strata (<65 years of age)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Analysis based on a more fully adjusted model that in- cluded additional potential confounders type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and pulmonary dis- ease yielded similar results of a proportion mediated equal to 0.57 (P < 0.001) overall, 0.51 (P = 0.220) in patients ≥65 years of age and 0.53 (P = 0.002) in patients < 65 years of age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results of using all available CRP measurements before and after ventilation in the calculation of peak CRP are reported in Supplement Table S6 (24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, the esti- mated average proportion mediated was 0.63 (P < 0.001) overall, 0.76 (P = 0.260) in patients ≥65 years of age, and 0.47 (P = 0.004) in patients < 65 years of age."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We find compelling and reproducible evidence for me- diation by CRP and ESR-related inflammation, but not other biomarkers of outcomes, in obesity-associated severe disease in 3828 COVID-19 patients at 2 independent qua- ternary care centers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Obesity is one of the strongest risk factors for crit- ical illness in COVID-19 (1-4) while dysregulation of in- nate and adaptive immunity is a hallmark of patients with poor COVID-19 outcomes (10-12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A direct causal role of obesity, especially by immuno-metabolically abnormal adipose tissue, in an exaggerated inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 infection could underlie the convergence of obesity, severe systemic inflammation, and poor out- comes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Experimental mouse models and clinical studies have shown immune cell infiltration in obese adipose (25) and obesity converges with low-grade, systemic inflamma- tion in increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases (26-28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Previous work has shown that obesity is also associated with inflammatory responses and worse outcomes in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (29)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Here, we show that obesity-associated systemic inflammation, as re- flected in peak circulating CRP, is indeed a mediator of se- vere outcomes in COVID-19, especially in younger obese patients, with greater mediation in patients <65 relative to >65 years of age."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is notable that the mediation effect was specific to peak CRP and ESR but not peak levels of other inter- rogated biomarkers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is explained in part by the interesting result that peak CRP during hospitalization The outcome model had a significant CRP by age interaction and therefore the main effect of CRP was not reported here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "See Supplement Table S2 for more de- tailed results of this model fit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The findings herein are consistent with data from clinical trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, the recent success of trials of systemic corticosteroids in reducing all-cause mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 (30-32) provides clear evidence of large clinical benefits by targeting activation of innate immunity, which is captured by peak CRP levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, there is an established link between corticosteroid benefit and reductions in CRP and ESR levels in non-COVID-19 inflammatory disorders (33)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whether reductions in CRP and ESR track with therapeutic benefit of corticosteroids in COVID-19 remains to be determined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, the apparent failure of early trials targeting IL-6 signaling in COVID-19 (34, 35) is consistent with our finding that IL-6 was not a significant mediator of obesity on severe COVID- 19 outcomes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moving forward, elevated CRP levels may be useful for stratifying COVID-19 patients into subgroups in clinical trials of anti-inflammatory strategies as well as to monitor therapeutic efficacy of novel interventions in COVID-19."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Failure to design statistically powered COVID- 19 clinical trials to target or detect effects in such subgroups may contribute to apparent lack of therapeutic efficacy (36) and limit progress due to false negative trial data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Methodological strengths of our work include the novel application of mediation analysis as well as robust and in- dependent replication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our work also has limitations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, there are inherent biases in use of observational data to draw causal inference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The causal mediation framework assumes sequential ignorability (21), which relies on meth- odical consideration of potential confounding variables and assumes no unmeasured confounding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, missing data and measurement error are ubiquitous in observa- tional studies that rely on EHR data and this can result in biased findings (37)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An alternative to our complete case analysis strategy is to multiply impute missing values as- suming missing at random."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, patients enter the hospital at different stages of disease severity and there- fore the biomarker trajectories are not fully observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, Hispanic and Black individuals have disparity in availability and comorbidity reporting in EHR data and a greater propensity than White individuals to obesity at younger ages (38)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, despite robust replication across MGH and CUIMC/NYP, these 2 observational studies have differences in design."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is critical moving forward to test anti-inflammatory therapies in prospective ran- domized controlled trials that are designed for targeted subgroup analyses, for example, using obesity and CRP- based stratification."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourth, given that central obesity measures are stronger predictors than BMI of outcomes in cardiometabolic diseases (39, 40), future studies should de- termine if CRP-related inflammation plays an even more powerful role in central obesity effects on outcomes in COVID-19 (36, 41)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This may be particularly important given the impact of central obesity on respiratory-related COVID-19 outcomes, including impaired mechanics of the respiratory system, the inability to pronate patients, and difficulties with intubation procedures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fifth, a latent prediabetic state, for example, glucose intolerance or in- sulin resistance, could correlate with obesity and be the cause of severe outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Testing this hypothesis is not yet feasible given the available clinical laboratory data and in the setting of acute illness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, given the complex rela- tionships among obesity and severe COVID-19 outcomes, additional work is required to define optimal clinical trial and therapeutic stratification for high-risk patients with obesity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, our results elucidate the mediating role of systemic inflammation in obesity-associated severe COVID- 19 outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The highly consistent pattern for all bio- markers and by age strata in both MGH and CUIMC/NYP cohorts supports generalizability of a specific mediating role captured by peak CRP (and to a lesser extent ESR) levels in the pathways between obesity and severe disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Stronger evidence of mediation in younger obese patients highlights clinical importance and potential therapeutic op- portunity to target systemic inflammatory pathways and to monitor therapeutic interventions in high-risk, obese sub- groups with elevated CRP levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have read and appreciate the hypothesis and excellent data collected and analyzed to show that inflammation related to obesity is associated with increased severity of COVID-19 illness [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The COVID-19 pandemic has illustrated and exacerbated existing inequalities in health and well-being."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the intersection of many of the pandemic drivers, sex plays an essential and frequently overlooked role."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are several reasons why the analyses, as presented, warrant an in-depth analysis of sex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First, the published data indicate that obese patients were more likely to be female (page e701) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Which is sufficient reason, alone, to analyze outcomes separately by sex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Second, rates of morbidity and mortality from COVID-19, as defined by the need for assisted ventilation, longer hospitalizations, and intensive care, appear to be greater in men than in women [2, 3] despite equivalent incidence of SARS-CoV-2 disease by sex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Third, the C-reactive protein variable used to identify inflammation is reported to have a different mean population level in men vs women as documented by many years of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The concept that data from women and men (female and male animals, and now female and male cells) be disaggregated and that outcomes be stratified by sex is now longstanding and supported by multiple scientific institutions [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Endocrine Society, importantly, has specific sex-considerations in its published publication policy (https://academic.oup.com/jcem/pages/author_guidelines#OriginalArticles)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The “Reporting of the Sex of Research Subjects” guidelines specify that “the sex of research subjects must be indicated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If both males and females were included in the study, the numbers of subjects from each sex should be indicated, and it must be indicated whether sex was considered a factor in the statistical analysis of data.”"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These authors did clearly show how many women and men they studied. But, they have not indicated whether sex was considered in the statistical analysis, or even if they adjusted for sex in the analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, we note that the current JCEM policy does not meet guidelines that require separate statistical analysis by sex as do the international Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines [5, 6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Science needs to follow scientific principles and guidelines, especially when not following them introduces sex and gender bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Women and men differ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both sexes deserve accurate representation in research and scientific publications."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree fully with Nelson et al [1] that rigor in the analysis of sex is critically important in studies of severe outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and particularly in investigations of obesity, inflammation, and the mechanistic underpinnings of severe disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, in tandem to the article in JCEM [2], members of our team published an article specifically investigating biomarkers of cardiac injury, renal injury, and inflammation as potential mediators of sex-associated mortality among SARS-CoV-2–infected individuals [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In other work, we report sex-stratified analyses in the study of signature biomarker states and mortality [4] and characterize sex differences in inflammatory markers among patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Appropriate handling of sex as a potential moderator or confounder is of paramount importance and for over a decade, we have included this focus in our clinical and translational research, for instance [6, 7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We thank Nelson et al for highlighting this need, which we may have underemphasized in [2] as we were undertaking a much more comprehensive sex-specific analysis [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_922__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "922", "paragraph_id": "triad_922__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Notably, this second article is published within the section on Sex and Gender in Cardiovascular Medicine, focused specifically on examining sex differences in outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Importantly, we do want to clarify that, in our JCEM article [2], models were adjusted for sex and this fact was indicated throughout (see paragraph 2 of Statistical Methods, legend to Figure 1, footnote b of Table 2, and footnote b of Table 3)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_922__response__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We fully endorse the SAGER guidelines [8] and concur unequivocally with Nelson et al that “Science needs to follow scientific principles and guidelines, especially when not following them introduces sex and gender bias.”"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_922/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3198470031_W4306983261_W4307433473", "triad_name": "triad_922", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_922__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eighty-eight patients were included, 44 in each group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patient characteristics were similar although more patients in the combination group had renal disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mortality was 36.4% and 15.9% in the monotherapy and combination therapy groups, respectively (P = .03)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Secondary outcomes of clinical success, length of stay, and length of ICU stay did not differ between groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our data are supportive of the use of combination therapy with oral vancomycin and IV metro- nidazole in critically ill patients with CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, prospective, randomized studies are required to define optimal treatment regimens in this limited population of CDI patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Keywords."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clostridium difficile infection; vancomycin; metronidazole; mortality; sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have generated a significant burden on the healthcare system and are linked to 14 000 deaths per year in the United States [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The increasing prevalence of the fluoroquinolone- resistant BI/NAP1/027 epidemic strain of C. difficile, which has been shown to cause more severe disease than historical strains, has contributed to increased morbidity and mortality [2, 3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The attributable mortal- ity rate of CDI at 30 days and 1 year after diagnosis was estimated at 6.9% and 16.7%, respectively, which was noted during outbreaks with the NAP1 strain [2, 4, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In addition, it has been estimated that management of CDI costs US hospitals $3.2 billion annually [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed recommendations to distinguish se- verity of CDI [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients presenting with an initial C. difficile episode with a white blood cell (WBC) count of ≥15 000 cells/mL or serum creatinine ≥1.5 times baseline are cat- egorized as having severe disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The recommended treatment for severe disease is oral vancomycin (BI recommendation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pa- tients with life-threatening megacolon, ileus, hypotension, or shock are categorized as having severe, complicated disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The recommended treatment for severe, complicated disease is oral vancomycin plus intravenous (IV) metronidazole (CIII recom- mendation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This recommendation is based on expert opinion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There are presently no data to support a preferred regimen for critically ill patients with CDI requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The purpose of our study was to evaluate mortality among critically ill patients with CDI who received oral vancomycin (monotherapy) vs oral vancomycin with IV metronidazole (combination therapy)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A single-center, retrospective, observational, comparative study was conducted among critically ill patients with CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study was approved by the institutional review board of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients with a positive C. difficile polymerase chain reaction or toxin assay who were admitted to an ICU between June 2007 and September 2012 were screened for inclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CDI was not required to be the attributable reason for ICU admission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, at least 3 of the following seven cri- teria had to be present within 24 hours of CDI treatment initia- tion: albumin <2.5 g/dL, heart rate >90 bpm, mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg, WBC count ≥15 000 cells/mL, age >60 years, serum creatinine ≥1.5 times baseline, or temperature ≥100.4°F (38°C)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All patients received oral vancomycin as treat- ment of CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients in the combination therapy group received concurrent IV metronidazole for at least 72 hours started within 48 hours after oral vancomycin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients were excluded if they were <18 years of age or had unrelated gastrointestinal disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pa- tients were matched 1:1 based on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Secondary outcomes included clinical success at days 6, 10, and 21 (using predefined criteria), hospital length of stay (LOS) after CDI diagnosis, and length of ICU stay after CDI di- agnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Multivariable analysis was performed to determine fac- tors independently associated with survival."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clinical success was defined as improvement of diarrhea (a de- crease in the number of stools and/or volume), absence of fever, WBC count <15 000 cells/mL, normalization of tachycardia (if present), and a MAP >60 mmHg without the use of vasopres- sors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients who died were counted as clinical failures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients were classified as immunosuppressed if they met any of the following criteria: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) <1000 cells/mm 3 , receiving chronic immunosuppressive thera- py (eg, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody, corticosteroids, methotrexate, azathioprine), or human immunodeficiency virus-positive with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Antimicrobial risk for CDI was categorized using criteria published elsewhere [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A high-risk antimicrobial was defined as 2nd-, 3rd-, 4th- generation cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, or lincosamide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A moderate-risk antimicrobial was defined as penicillin, penicillin combination, 1st-generation cephalosporin, macrolide, mono- bactam, or streptogramin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A low-risk antimicrobial was any other systemic antimicrobial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Standardized case definitions were used to classify CDI expo- sures [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Health-care facility-onset health-care facility associat- ed (HO-HCFA) CDI was defined as CDI symptom onset >48 hours after admission to a HCF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Community-onset HCFA (CO-HCFA) CDI was defined as CDI symptom onset in the community or ≤48 hours after admission to a HCF, given that symptom onset was <4 weeks from the last discharge from a HCF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeterminate disease was defined as CDI symp- tom onset in the community but discharge from the same or another HCF occurred 4-12 weeks prior to symptom onset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Pa- tients with symptom onset in the community and without dis- charge from a HCF in the previous 12 weeks were assigned community associated CDI (CA-CDI)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comparisons between groups were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mann-Whitney U test and Student t test were used for ordinal and continuous data, depend- ing on distribution of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A 2-sided P value of <.05 was con- sidered statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Logistic regression was used to determine factors independently associated with survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "WBC counts were adjusted using a square root transformation to make the data more normally distributed than the original data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A full model was then fit with variables with univariate P values <.20."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Ad- ditionally, the effect of MAP was added as a control in the initial model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0010__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A final model was fit by removing nonsignificant effects singularly until only significant variables (P < .05) remained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the 187 patients who were prescribed oral vancomycin and admitted to an ICU, 88 patients failed to meet 3 of 7 criteria for establishing critical illness, leaving 99 patients who met study criteria."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of these, 88 patients were matched based on APACHE II score, 44 patients in each treatment group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient character- istics of the study population are shown in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients in the combination therapy group were more likely to have The percentage of patients meeting each of the predefined se- verity criteria are displayed in Figure 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite matching on APACHE II scores, patients in the combination therapy arm met more severity criteria than patients in the monotherapy arm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thirty patients in the monotherapy group and 37 patients in the combination therapy group met at least 4 of 7 severity criteria (68.2% vs 84.1%, P = .08)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sixteen and 24 patients met at least 5 of 7 severity criteria, respectively (36.4% vs 54.5%, P = .09)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A higher percentage of patients in the combination therapy group had a WBC count ≥15 000 cells/mm 3 (43.2% vs 68.2%, P = .03) and were hypotensive (36.4% vs 56.8%, P = .05) within 24 hours of initiation of study treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When Table 1 continued."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/61/6/934/450824 by Institut Armand-Frappier user on 16 May 2024 analyzed as continuous data (Table 1), patients in the combina- tion therapy group had a higher median WBC count (13.8 vs 20.2 cells/mm 3 , P = .004) and a lower MAP (65 vs 59 mmHg, P = .025)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 displays results of outcome measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In-hospital mortal- ity was higher in the monotherapy group compared to the com- bination therapy group; 16 patients died in the monotherapy group, whereas 7 patients died in the combination therapy group (36.4% vs 15.9%, P = .03)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nine patients (20.5%) in the monotherapy group compared to 6 patients (13.6%) in the com- bination therapy group met criteria for clinical success by day 6 of therapy (P = .57)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At day 6, improvement in diarrhea occurred in 47.7% and 52.3% of patients in the monotherapy and combina- tion therapy groups, respectively (P = .67)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, there were no differences in clinical success rates at days 10 and 21."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Length of stay (median 20.5 vs 18.0 days, P = .99) and length of ICU stay after CDI diagnosis (median 9.0 vs 11.0 days, P = .93) did not differ between the 2 groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Four patients (9.1%) in the mono- therapy group compared to 3 patients (6.8%) in the combina- tion therapy group had recurrent CDI (P = 1.0)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Multivariable analysis revealed 2 factors independently associated with sur- vival, receiving concurrent IV metronidazole and albumin (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For albumin, survival was associated with increasing albumin values."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Initial oral vancomycin dose did not differ significantly between the 2 groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most patients received oral vancomycin 125 mg every 6 hours, 79.5% and 59.0% in the monotherapy and com- bination therapy groups, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other vancomycin doses prescribed were either 250 mg every 6 hours or 500 mg every 6 hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Oral vancomycin dose was modified during therapy in 18.2% in the monotherapy group compared to 25% in the com- bination therapy group (P = .44)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All dosing modifications were among the aforementioned doses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Median duration of oral vancomycin was 15.0 days (range 6-39) in the monotherapy group and 15.5 days (6-59) in the combination therapy group (P = .15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Of the patients receiving IV metronidazole in combi- nation, 25.0% received 500 mg every 6 hours, 72.7% received 500 mg every 8 hours, and 2.3% received 250 mg every 6"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The specific aim of our study was to evaluate the difference in mortality among critically ill patients who received monotherapy or combination therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the 2010 SHEA and IDSA guideline, the recommendation to add IV metronidazole is based on expert opinion [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases recently published recommendations for management of CDI but did not include specific recommenda- tions on the use of combination therapy [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To our knowledge, the present study is the first to evaluate monotherapy vs combi- nation therapy in critically ill patients with CDI."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We found that mortality is higher in patients who receive monotherapy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "IV metronidazole for CDI has not been well studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Small trials and anecdotal evidence suggest IV metronidazole alone may have efficacy [10, 11], but this evidence is not sufficient to support routine use of IV metronidazole alone in the treat- ment of CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The advantage of combination therapy observed in our study could be attributable to the dual route of IV and oral administration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Gut dysmotility in critically ill patients may inhibit delivery of oral vancomycin to the colon, thereby limiting its effectiveness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Achieving therapeutic metronidazole concentrations at the site of CDI may still occur with IV therapy because it is not dependent on gastrointestinal transit."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For this reason, IV metronidazole should not be substituted with oral metronidazole when used as combination therapy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Zar and colleagues evaluated clinical cure at day 6 in a study of oral metronidazole compared with oral vancomycin [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among patients with severe disease who received oral vancomy- cin, clinical cure was 97%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, of the 31 patients who re- ceived oral vancomycin for severe disease, only 2 patients were hospitalized in the ICU, which limits the applicability of these results to the treatment of critically ill patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One factor that has the potential to influence mortality asso- ciated with CDI is immune suppression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were more im- munocompromised patients in the monotherapy group (13 vs 10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The combination therapy group had more patients on chronic immunosuppressive medication whereas the mono- therapy group had more neutropenic patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Multivariable analysis did not find an association between types of immune suppression and mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cancer is another factor to consider, and there were more patients with cancer in the monotherapy group (18 vs 15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This may have influenced how many patients were housed in an Oncology ICU, which also was a greater number in the monotherapy group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, in our hospital, the most critically ill oncology patients are transferred to the Medicine ICU, and there were more of these patients in the combination therapy group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Similarly, multivariable analysis failed to identify ICU location as a predictor of survival."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although mortality was lower in the combination therapy group, a difference between treatment groups in the number of patients meeting the definition of clinical success was not ob- served."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical success was similar between the groups at all time points evaluated (6, 10, and 21 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, the overall clinical success rates were relatively low; only 20.5% in the mono- therapy group and 13.6% in the combination therapy group achieved clinical success by day 6."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors acknowledge that the definition for clinical success used in this study may not be appropriate for evaluating response to CDI treatment in this patient population, and this may account for the discrepancy between clinical success and mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Many critically ill patients who get CDI are not critically ill only because of CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Underlying comorbidities in addition to CDI can contribute to their level of illness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For instance, it is possible patients could have had another reason besides CDI to exhibit tachycardia (part of clinical success criteria) which may not have resolved with effective CDI treat- ment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This is supported by the much higher rates of improvement in diarrhea at day 6 compared with the rates of clinical success."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study was not designed to determine the cause of death or the extent to which CDI contributed to death among patients who died during their hospitalization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the median time to death for each treatment group was similar, the range was rather large for the monotherapy group (5-174 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These data are not normally distributed, and 174 days repre- sents an outlier result."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although death at 174 days is not as like- ly to be directly attributable to CDI, it is difficult to know how much early events in a hospitalization impact the ultimate dis- position of any given patient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is noteworthy that more patients in the combination ther- apy group received vancomycin per rectum (8 vs 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even though the multivariable analysis did not identify receipt of per rectum vancomycin as an independent predictor of survival, the use of vancomycin by this route would afford the same pro- posed benefit as IV metronidazole by ensuring delivery of anti- biotic to the site of infection."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although this study was not designed to assess the impact of per rectum vancomycin, the study's findings suggest possible benefit and support future ef- forts to study this treatment in the critically ill population."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Critically ill patients represent a unique subgroup within the 'severe disease' category of current guidelines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within guidelines, categorization as severe CDI can be based on laboratory data alone (eg, WBC count or serum creatinine), but these criteria may not adequately represent the severity of disease present in a critically ill patient."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As such, the terms \"severe disease\" and \"critically ill\" as they relate to CDI may not be appropriately in- terchangeable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consideration of other factors is important when deciding who should get concurrent IV metronidazole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Such fac- tors include admission to an ICU, advanced age, temperature There are limited data regarding the preferred dosing regi- men of oral vancomycin for critically ill patients with CDI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The SHEA/IDSA guideline recommends 125 mg every 6 hours for most patients, but for patients with ileus, toxic megacolon, hypotension, or shock the recommended dose of oral vanco- mycin is 500 mg every 6 hours [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Abdominal distention is considered an indication for the 500 mg dose in another set of guidelines [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This seems reasonable as abdominal disten- tion is considered a sign of potential ileus."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even with consistent recommendations to administer the higher dose for patients with severe, complicated CDI, the evidence to support this rec- ommendation is lacking."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our study, different oral vancomy- cin doses were used in both groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The effect of vancomycin dose on clinical outcomes is unknown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Available literature sug- gests there is no difference in clinical outcomes between low- and high-dose regimens [17-19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, vancomycin 125 mg every 6 hours achieves fecal concentrations that far exceeds the necessary amount needed to inhibit C. difficile [20, 21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Gonzales et al noted lower fecal concentrations during the first 24 hours of treatment; however, concentrations were still well above the MIC 90 of C. difficile (1 mg/L), and clinical significance of this finding is unknown [21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Likewise, there is no evidence to support a higher dose for critically ill patients with CDI, although there is potential for gut dysmotility in this patient population."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study is not without other limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The retrospective study design instills reliance on accurate documentation in the medical record and limits interpretation of outcomes that are not completely objective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although efforts were made to match the groups, lack of randomization imparts risk that the groups may not be drawn from the same population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is particular risk of confounding by indication; assignment according to treat- ment may be inherently biased because a relationship may exist between choice of treatment and certain medical conditions or health outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The small sample size of this study undermines statistical power and decreases the likelihood of accurate results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, this study represents the largest study of critically ill, ICU patients with CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We evaluated management of CDI in a limited subgroup of patients where practice guidelines lack suffi- cient evidence to support treatment recommendations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clostridium difficile infections have generated a significant bur- den on the healthcare system contributing to elevated healthcare costs and mortality."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on our findings, critically ill patients with CDI who require admission to an ICU may benefit from combination therapy with oral vancomycin and IV metronida- zole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is important to emphasize that these results are best ap- plied in the care of the most severely ill patients with CDI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Prospective, randomized studies to define optimal treatment reg- imens in critically ill patients with CDI are warranted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Potential conflicts of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All authors: No potential conflicts of interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the con- tent of the manuscript have been disclosed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3657__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TO THE EDITOR—We read with great interest the study by Rokas et al in which they report a mortality benefit from combining intravenous metronidazole with oral vancomycin for the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in critically ill patients [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Improving the evidence base for CDI treatment in this population is clearly important, and it is difficult to perform randomized, controlled trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Use of in-hospital mortality as the primary endpoint and identification of only a relatively small sample size (88) with a low proportion of patients admitted to the intensive care unit because of CDI (30%) are understandable, pragmatic limitations to the study [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, even if we accept these limitations, we have a number of concerns with the statistical analysis and question the accuracy and generalizability of the study findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors describe the study as “comparative.” Two cohorts were assembled on the basis of exposure to intravenous metronidazole and after matching on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Matching in cohort studies, similar to case-control studies, aims to reduce the effects of confounding and increase efficiency [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is an uncommonly used study design, in favor of more familiar methods of adjusting for confounding during the statistical analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0037__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Reducing the sample size, as was done in this study, may exclude valuable data, and unfortunately, neither the matching methodology nor the characteristics of excluded patients was described."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3657__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Statistical methods to analyze matched cohort studies have received relatively little attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mantel–Haenszel matched-pair analysis or other techniques that account for the matching variable are generally recommended [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An unconditional logistic regression, as described in the study, may overestimate the odds ratios, resulting in spurious associations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Of greater concern, interpretation of the generalizability of the multivariable regression model is impossible due to the failure to include a number of important variables such as age and renal function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both are associated with severe CDI and mortality and are important variables to consider [5, 6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3657__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, for the matched cohort study, the choice of Fisher exact test or χ2 test is not reported for individual analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It appears Fisher exact test was used to test for statistically significant differences in all the dichotomous endpoints, except for mortality, where χ2 test was applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors did not provide reasons for the switch; however, we note that use of Fisher exact test produces a P value of .051."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Which test is “better” is not important here, but failure to clearly describe the statistical methodology raises the concern of a search by the authors for a “significant” P value."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Given these limitations, it is unfortunately not possible to conclude that intravenous metronidazole is independently associated with improved outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__critique__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A short course of metronidazole is not likely to cause harm, and further studies are required to determine if there really is evidence of benefit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3657__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TO THE EDITOR—We appreciate the correspondence by Young and coauthors [1] who question certain aspects of our study analysis [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their concerns are addressed here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients in our study were matched on Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores; acceptable matches were limited to no more than a 2-point difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of 99 patients who met study criteria, only 11 (11%) patients were not included in the study because of the inability to match within this limit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of the 88 patients included, 84% were matched with no difference or a 1-point difference."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Excluding patients because of matching methodology is a limitation of such retrospective studies; however, we were pleased with the number of patients who could be matched and believe the small proportion of patients excluded for this reason minimizes associated risks of generalizability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study did not compare 2 distinct groups as in case-control studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, patients were selected from the same single cohort and then comparisons were made with regard to treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Due to the chance that separation by treatment could impose selection bias and as a way to promote equal disease severity, the treatment groups were matched based on the APACHE II score."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is important to acknowledge this about the study design because of its bearing on analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unlike matched case-control studies where paired analyses are imperative to prevent bias, paired analyses are an enhancement rather than a necessity for matched cohort studies [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, as suggested by Young and colleagues, we performed matched analyses to demonstrate the robustness of our results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An odds ratio using Mantel–Haenszel matched-pair analysis was generated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, because this analysis does not accommodate continuous confounders, a conditional logistic regression analysis was also performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As was done in the original analysis, a final model was fit by removing nonsignificant effects singularly until only significant variables (P < .05) remained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With regard to age and renal function, we agree with Young and colleagues that these are important factors to consider."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Both age and serum creatinine at the time of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) diagnosis were included in the model selection."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "An association between concurrent intravenous metronidazole and improved survival was upheld in both the Mantel–Haenszel analysis and conditional logistic regression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These 2 analyses resulted in the same odds ratio (5.50) and 95% confidence interval (1.22, 24.8; P = .027), owing to the fact that combination therapy was the only factor remaining in the conditional logistic regression model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, for dichotomous outcomes, Fisher exact test was used when the results included a value <5, while χ2 test was used for comparisons involving larger values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is worth noting that our χ2 analyses incorporated Yates correction, and this may be why Young and colleagues thought we used Fisher exact test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Analyzing those dichotomous outcomes using χ2 test without Yates correction results in no changes in statistical significance, although P values are generally lower."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fisher exact test is recommended when result values are <5; for this reason, we do not agree with using Fisher exact test for analyzing mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3657", "paragraph_id": "triad_3657__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This discussion highlights certain limitations inherent in retrospective studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We echo the sentiment by Young and colleagues that additional research on this topic is needed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3657__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the association identified in our study justifies consideration of intravenous metronidazole with oral vancomycin for critically ill patients with CDI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3657/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1924662832_W2292679868_W2238815097", "triad_name": "triad_3657", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3657__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The decision analysis model compares 3 treatment strategies for patients with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy: (1) no allergy evaluation, give vancomycin (Vanc); (2) allergy history-guided treatment: if detailed history excludes anaphy- lactic features, give cefazolin (Hx-Cefaz); and (3) complete allergy evaluation with history-appropriate PCN skin testing: if skin test (ST) negative, give cefazolin (ST-Cefaz)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Model outcomes at 12 weeks include (1) MSSA cure, recur- rence, and death; (2) allergic reactions classified as major or minor and, separately, as potentially iatrogenic; and (3) adverse drug reactions (ADRs; drug toxicity or intolerance)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We defined \"potentially iatrogenic\" as all allergic reactions from cefazolin in patients with PCN allergy history [38]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We assessed which strategy is optimal for each individual outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We then created a composite outcome where we summed outcomes using the following weights: cure, +50; re- currence of infection, −20; death, −50; major allergic reactions, −10; minor allergic reactions, −2; and ADRs, −6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A composite score of 50 would indicate a strategy where patients are cured without allergic reactions or ADRs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We examined key input pa- rameters in a series of 1-way, multiway, and probabilistic sensi- tivity analyses (PSA); we also conducted sensitivity analyses on weights for the composite outcome."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The decision tree (TreeAge Pro 2014, TreeAge Software, Inc, Wil- liamstown, Massachusetts) includes 3 competing strategies for the patient with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within each strategy, an alternative strategy may be considered, depending on allergic and adverse outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We limited the model so that no patient receives >3 sequential anti- biotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the end of a patient's course through the decision tree, he or she is treated with vancomycin, cefazolin, nafcillin, or an alternative non-β-lactam drug (eg, daptomycin)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Model out- comes are defined after 12 weeks, at the rightmost end of the tree."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If a tree course does not have the outcome of interest, the In the Vanc strategy, all patients with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy receive vancomycin treatment without allergy evaluation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Vancomycin-treated patients may develop an allergic reaction (major or minor) or an ADR."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Upon an allergic reaction or ADR to vancomycin, clinicians reconsider therapy options, and the patients have an equal chance of get- ting (1) an alternative non-β-lactam drug; (2) a history-driven allergy evaluation where cefazolin is given if the PCN allergy history is not anaphylactic; or (3) a full PCN allergy evaluation with history-appropriate skin testing, with cefazolin given if there is no allergy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0004__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The latter strategies are similar to the Hx- Cefaz and ST-Cefaz branches of the tree, although, because these patients suffered an ADR or allergic reaction to vancomy- cin, they do not receive vancomycin again."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the Hx-Cefaz strategy, patients with a history of PCN allergy with anaphylactic features receive vancomycin; patients with milder allergy histories receive cefazolin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients may have an al- lergic reaction to cefazolin necessitating a drug change to vanco- mycin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients who do not tolerate cefazolin but did not have an allergic reaction have an equal chance of receiving vancomycin therapy or a full allergy evaluation with PCN skin testing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lat- ter strategy is similar to the ST-Cefaz branch, although if these pa- tients are ST negative, they receive another first-line MSSA antimicrobial (nafcillin)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If they are ST positive, they receive van- comycin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patients with an anaphylactic history receive vancomy- cin, and may have an allergic reaction or an ADR to vancomycin necessitating a drug change to an alternative non-β-lactam drug."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the ST-Cefaz arm, patients eligible for skin testing receive PCN skin testing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients ineligible for skin testing are given van- comycin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Allergy specialists generally define patients ineligible for skin testing as those with anaphylaxis to PCN in the last 10 years, with a history of a Gell and Coombs type II-IV hypersensitivity reaction to PCN, or currently taking medications that interfere with ST results (eg, antihistamines) [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For patients skin tested to PCN, those who are ST negative receive cefazolin, those who are ST positive receive vancomycin, and those with a nondiagnostic ST receive history-guided therapy (as in Hx-Cefaz)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this strat- egy, patients ineligible for ST who develop an allergic reaction to vancomycin have an equal chance of being given cefazolin guided by allergy history alone or given an alternative non-β-lactam drug."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model uses data from literature sources as input parameters (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These data, reported as fractions and frequencies in the primary literature, are converted into probabilities for inclu- sion into the decision tree model at the chance nodes (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We weighted the outcomes from sources based on cohort numbers when >1 source was available for our base case values (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Reported probabilities are conditional upon prior outcomes, as indicated by tree structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within treatment efficacy, parameters include the 12-week MSSA cure with vancomycin (62.0%) and cefazolin (85.0%), and the 12-week probability of MSSA recurrence and mortality associated with vancomycin (18.8% and 19.2%, respectively) and cefazolin (9.1% and 5.9%, respectively) [7, 8, 16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because only 1 study reports MSSA recurrence (13.2%) and death (0.4%) with an alternative drug, we used vancomycin literature ranges to define cure, recurrence, and death with an alternative, non-β-lactam drug [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The chance of allergic reaction to vancomycin was 3.0%, of which 8.3% of reactions were considered major and 91.7% con- sidered minor [39, 40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Hx-Cefaz strategy, data from an internal database informed the proportion of patients whose reported reaction to PCN had anaphylactic features (5.6%), defined by reported reactions of bronchospasm, wheezing, ana- phylaxis, hypotension, and angioedema [53]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The proportion of patients without an anaphylactic history who react to cefazolin was 2.2%, derived from cohort data and mathematical compu- tation [17, 30, 32, 41-44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the ST-Cefaz strategy, we defined 9.1% of patients as ST ineligible [20, 21]; among those eligible, 95.6% were ST negative, 1.2% were ST positive, and 3.2% had a nondiagnostic ST [20, 21, 24, 25, 45]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After a negative ST, 1.6% of patients react to cefazolin [20-22, 45]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In both the Hx-Cefaz and ST-Cefaz strategies, once an allergic reaction occurs, 4.7% can be considered major (95.3% are minor); 0.2% of major reactions result in death [26, 36, 46-49, 54]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "ADR rate was 5.3% with van- comycin and 4.4% with cefazolin [40, 50-52]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We conducted sensitivity analyses using probability ranges from the primary literature (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We varied parameters individually (1-way sensitivity analysis) for each outcome and identified influ- ential parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We then varied these key inputs simultaneously in a series of multiway sensitivity analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, we used litera- ture estimates to create distributions for the key input parameters to conduct PSA, whereby 100 000 patients travel through the decision tree sampling different probabilities from the defined distributions (Supplementary Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We conducted a PSA for all 3 strategies on all outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because results for the Hx-Cefaz and ST-Cefaz groups were similar, we subsequently ran the PSA for Vanc com- pared with a sample allergy evaluation strategy (Hx-Cefaz)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Vanc strategy results in 67.3% chance of cure, 14.8% chance of recurrence, and 17.9% chance of death (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Total MSSA and Reported Penicillin Allergy • CID 2015:61 (1 September) • 743 allergic reactions are 3.0%, with 0.3% of patients experiencing a major reaction and 0.8% experiencing a potentially iatrogenic reaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "ADRs are present in 5.2% of vancomycin-treated pa- tients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Hx-Cefaz results in better clinical outcomes than Vanc, including a much higher chance of cure (83.4%), as well as a substantially lower chance of recurrence (9.3%), and less than half the 12-week mortality (7.3%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Fewer patients in Hx-Cefaz have allergic reactions (2.4%) and ADRs (4.6%) than in Vanc (3.0% and 5.2%, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "While major allergic reactions (0.1%) are less frequent in Hx-Cefaz, more patients experience a reaction that could be considered iatrogenic (2.1%) than in the Vanc strategy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because the allergy evaluation strategies offer similar outcomes, for simplicity, we focused sensitivity analyses on Vanc com- pared to a sample allergy strategy, Hx-Cefaz."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With variation of input pa- rameters within all reasonable ranges from reported literature, Vanc consistently has inferior clinical outcomes of MSSA cure, recurrence, death, and the composite outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The input parameters with the greatest effect on the value of the composite outcome are the probability of death and recurrence with vancomycin (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, varying these inputs within reported literature ranges still leads to Vanc giving the least desired outcomes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When examining individual outcomes, iatrogenic allergic reac- tions, although generally infrequent in all strategies (<2.1%), are always minimized with Vanc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If <1.7% of patients (base case 3.0%) have an allergic reaction to vancomycin, then Vanc results in the fewest total allergic reactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If >5% of patients experience an ADR from cefazolin (base case 4.4%), then Vanc becomes optimal over allergy evaluation in terms of minimizing ADRs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "identified in 1-way sensitivity analyses lead to different conclu- sions about the optimal allergy strategy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using distributions for influential input parameters (Supplementary Table 1), ST- Cefaz was preferred to Hx-Cefaz to maximize cure 99.5% of the time, minimize recurrence 90.4% of the time, minimize death 99.7% of the time, minimize total allergic reactions 83.8% of the time, and maximize the composite outcome 99.8% of the time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hx-Cefaz was preferred to ST-Cefaz to min- imize ADRs 96.1% of the time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One-Way Sensitivity Analyses."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although outcomes between Hx-Cefaz and ST-Cefaz were quite close, variations of most pa- rameters within literature-reported ranges continued to mod- estly favor ST-Cefaz."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MSSA cure, recurrence, and death were sensitive to the proportion of patients with a positive ST, with Hx-Cefaz becoming optimal within the range examined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Con- sidering total allergic reactions, the optimal strategy is most sen- sitive to the proportion of patients with a nonanaphylactic PCN allergy history who react to cefazolin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Specifically, Hx-Cefaz be- comes optimal if <1.4% (base case, 2.2% [range, 0.02%-5.6%]) of patients with a nonanaphylactic PCN allergy history react to cefazolin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Considering ADRs, ST-Cefaz becomes optimal if the probability of an ADR from cefazolin is <2.9% (base case, 4.4% [range, 0%-7.0%])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The composite outcome favored ST-Cefaz, but was also sensitive to the probability of a positive ST; Hx- Cefaz becomes optimal when >8.5% (base case, 1.2% [range, 0%-10.0%]) of patients are ST positive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using a decision analysis model, we project that patients with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy will have inferior outcomes if treated with vancomycin rather than having their PCN allergy addressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both the base case analysis and sensitiv- ity analyses favored a full evaluation with PCN skin testing to optimize outcomes compared with basing therapy on PCN al- lergy history alone; however, differences were small and sensi- tive to uncertain input parameters."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite our finding that no allergy evaluation and treatment with vancomycin is inferior, patients with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy commonly receive vancomycin [11, 23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This could reflect providers' concerns about iatrogenic allergic reactions and limited PCN allergy knowledge [18, 55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, the only model outcome that suggested benefit to van- comycin was minimizing potential iatrogenic allergic reactions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given our findings, the practice of giving vancomycin to pa- tients with MSSA bacteremia and a reported PCN allergy with- out investigating the allergy should not be standard, regardless of the availability of allergy specialists or PCN skin testing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A brief bedside allergy history that excludes anaphylactic features can guide cefazolin use and result in better outcomes than choosing vancomycin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Perhaps counterintuitively, our model projects that the use of vancomycin would result in more allergic reactions than the use of cefazolin through allergy history-guided therapy or skin test- ing-guided therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Allergy to vancomycin includes immediate reactions as well as delayed reactions (eg, morbilliform erup- tions, drug rash with eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms syn- drome) [17, 56-58]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Notably, our projection of increased allergic reactions with vancomycin excluded the common infusion re- action \"red man syndrome\" [17, 39, 59]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our model projects that ST-Cefaz results in the most favor- able outcomes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the differences were small, and litera- ture-reported variations suggest that data may be inadequate to definitively determine which allergy evaluation strategy is op- timal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Whereas much of the allergy skin testing and challenge literature is derived from outpatients, those with MSSA bacter- emia are usually inpatients [24, 26, 36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because we may see different skin testing eligibility and results among inpatients, more robust inpatient data would be of value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A key parameter in determining the optimal allergy strategy is the proportion of patients without an anaphylactic PCN allergy history who react to cefazolin; this parameter was based on sparse literature and mathematical calculation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Last, because of the declining rate of reported ST positivity in the literature, we deliberately used re- cent allergy data to inform skin testing inputs [20, 21, 24, 26, 45, 51]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The optimal allergy strategy was sensitive to this parameter within reported ranges, and older data that used more skin- testing reagents reported higher rates of ST positivity [31]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the model suggests that Hx-Cefaz may be as good as ST-Cefaz, ST-Cefaz is likely preferable for avoiding iatrogenic al- lergic reactions that can result in patient dissatisfaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "PCN skin testing is currently performed using Pre-Pen ( penicilloyl- poly-lysine) and dilutions of PCN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The negative predictive value with these reagents is at least 95%; the procedure can safely be performed on general medical floors, and results are available within 1 hour [17, 21, 26, 45]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With proper training, PCN skin testing can be performed by registered nurses, which allows for reduced costs of providing the service [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although data limitations and variability of input parameters in this analysis made it challenging to project which allergy strat- egy was optimal, either strategy is substantially better than Vanc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This conclusion is insensitive to parameters and despite evalua- tions of Vanc in a \"best case for Vanc\" scenario."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not con- sider that patients with PCN allergy may have other drug allergies that could impact treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We justify exclusion of nafcillin be- cause cefazolin is considered to be equally effective, better tolerat- ed, and less expensive than nafcillin for MSSA bacteremia [16, 52, 60-62]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We additionally justify exclusion of other alternative agents (eg, daptomycin) as initial therapy because of limited com- parative infectious outcome data in MSSA bacteremia [63-66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, given vancomycin's poor efficacy and tolerability in MSSA bacteremia, future comparisons of β-lactams to alternative agents will be important to consider."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Finally, although we limited our outcome assessment to 12 weeks, we believe this strengthens our conclusion that the allergy must be addressed, as recurrences are more likely with vancomycin than cefazolin [7-11, 15, 16, 23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared to treatment with vancomycin, we find that patients with MSSA bacteremia and reported PCN allergy have improved outcomes when treated with cefazolin, either by an allergy history-guided treatment or full allergy evaluation with skin testing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although full allergy evaluation is likely preferred over history alone, more data from inpatients are needed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3665__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reported allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is common and often leads to unnecessary avoidance in patients who could tolerate these antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We prospectively evaluated the impact of these reported allergies on clinical outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among 507 patients, 95 (19%) reported beta-lactam allergy; preferred therapy was a beta-lactam in 72 (76%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When beta-lactam therapy was preferred, 25 (35%) did not receive preferred therapy due to their report of allergy even though 13 (52%) reported non-severe prior reactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After adjustment for confounders, patients who did not receive preferred beta-lactam therapy were at greater risk of adverse events (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–7.89) compared with those without reported allergy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In contrast, patients who received preferred beta-lactam therapy had a similar risk of adverse events compared with patients not reporting allergy (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, .62–2.87)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Avoidance of preferred beta-lactam therapy in patients who report allergy is associated with an increased risk of adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Development of inpatient programs aimed at accurately identifying beta-lactam allergies to safely promote beta-lactam administration among these patients is warranted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3665__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reported allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics is common and often leads to unnecessary avoidance in patients who could tolerate beta-lactam therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact, the majority of reported prior reactions are misclassified as allergies; moreover, many individuals with true prior immunoglobulin (Ig) E–mediated reactions have loss of hypersensitivity over time [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Carrying a label of beta-lactam allergy is not inconsequential."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients with reported allergies may be treated with alternative agents that can be clinically inferior [3] and pose increased risks of harm [4, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, alternative agents frequently have a broader spectrum of activity and may contribute to the emergence and spread of drug-resistant organisms [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Correctly confirming or refuting allergies to enable receipt of beta-lactam therapy, when indicated, is an important function of antibiotic stewardship [6–10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Beta-lactam antibiotic agents are recommended first-line therapies for many infectious syndromes [6–9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Currently, infectious diseases consultants make great efforts to verify details of reported prior allergies to beta-lactam agents in order to determine whether or not they can be safely prescribed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "When history suggests a significant IgE-mediated allergy, patients often receive nonpreferred therapy because it is judged to be the safest option for the patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Whether or not the risk of allergy from beta-lactam use in some patients reporting allergy is outweighed by the toxicity or potentially inferior efficacy associated with alternate therapies has not been systematically evaluated."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "We hypothesized that receipt of alternative therapy when a beta-lactam agent is the preferred therapy would lead to worse clinical outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__critique__p0026__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "To test this hypothesis, we conducted a trainee-led prospective cohort study to determine the burden and clinical impact of reported beta-lactam allergy on patients seen by infectious diseases consultation services at 3 academic hospitals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3665__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 15, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [15, 15, 15], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Drug allergy is reported by 20%–40% of patients in the United States [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Beta-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, are the most commonly implicated [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Penicillin allergy prevalence estimates range from 8% to 25% across ambulatory and hospitalized populations [2–6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With another 2% of patients reporting allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics, reported beta-lactam allergy impacts a substantial portion of our patients [7–9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients who report a history of penicillin allergy may be treated with alternative antibiotics, including vancomycin, clindamycin, aztreonam, and fluoroquinolones, when they present with infections [3, 4, 10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Some of these alternative antibiotics are used in patients reporting allergy histories despite a beta-lactam being the preferred antimicrobial agent [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Alternative agents may be less effective for specific infections, which can lead to higher rates of treatment failure [6, 10, 11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Alternative agents expose patients to increased risk of toxicity, resulting in higher rates of drug discontinuation and adverse drug reactions [11, 12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Use of alternatives to beta-lactams may additionally increase patients’ risk of infection with resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and may increase the risk of Clostridium difficile colitis [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The vast majority, close to 95%, of patients who report an allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics are not truly allergic [7, 8, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The large difference between reported and true beta-lactam hypersensitivity can be attributed to the assessment and documentation of the allergy history and the natural history of immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "With the former, an intolerance or side effect may be considered an allergy or the original reaction may have been misclassified by a medical provider as an allergy (eg, viral exanthems)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "With the latter, previous hypersensitivity reactions do not uniformly imply a future hypersensitivity reaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The most common penicillin hypersensitivity reaction is a benign T cell-mediated maculopapular rash that may not recur with subsequent reexposure [7, 14], and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated penicillin allergies such as urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylaxis wane over time [15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0027__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Thus, in the adult inpatient population, patients reporting beta-lactam allergies who are treated with alternative agents due to concerns for allergy are likely avoiding beta-lactam antibiotics unnecessarily."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3665__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 5, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, MacFadden et al report on a multisite, trainee-led prospective cohort analysis of inpatients who received an infectious diseases consultation [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As part of a quality improvement project, infectious diseases trainees prospectively collected their team’s assessment of the patient allergy history and optimal antibiotic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They then retrospectively gathered patient outcomes, including readmissions for the same infection, acute kidney injury, C. difficile infection, and drug-related adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additional confounding variables used for adjusted analyses were gathered either prospectively or retrospectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors found that among patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy, 3 in 4 should be treated with a beta-lactam antibiotic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of the patients with beta-lactam allergy history where a beta-lactam should have been used, 65% received the beta-lactam and 35% did not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The data additionally suggest that the decision of whether to administer a beta-lactam antibiotic was related to the allergy history; those with severe reaction histories were significantly less likely to receive a beta-lactam, as were those patients whose allergy histories were consistent with an IgE-mediated reaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The primary outcome analyzed by MacFadden and colleagues was a composite outcome termed “adverse events,” which included readmissions for the same infection, acute kidney injury, C. difficile infection, and drug-related adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The crude and adjusted analyses found that patients with reported beta-lactam allergy who did not get beta-lactam had more than a 3-fold increase in odds of adverse events compared with those without beta-lactam allergy (crude odds ratio [OR], 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48, 7.96 and adjusted OR [aOR], 3.18; 95% CI, 1.28, 7.89)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The model adjusted for age, sex, hospital, referring service, length of stay, duration of antibiotic therapy, Charlson comorbidity index, and whether or not the patient was immunocompromised."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "While the analysis required a composite outcome for power, the authors’ findings were demonstrably driven by readmission and adverse drug events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0028__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Interestingly, they also found that patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy who were nonetheless given a beta-lactam did not have any significant observed difference in adverse events (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, .62, 2.87)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3665__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To our knowledge, the authors are the first to report on a multisite, prospective analysis that begins to define the true impact of reported beta-lactam allergies on clinically important patient outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prior studies have demonstrated that patients with more complete or detailed penicillin allergy histories are more likely to be rechallenged with the same or similar medication in the future [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the current study, all patients had an allergy history taken, but 35% of beta-lactam “allergic” patients were still not given a beta-lactam when indicated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that it is important to go beyond the allergy history to an assessment and plan informed by well-validated allergy practice and procedures, such as implementation of the penicillin skin test and/or graded challenges (also known as test doses) under medical observation [5, 13, 14, 18, 19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fact, this study included only 1 patient who was ineligible for penicillin skin testing because of a history of severe cutaneous adverse reaction to a beta-lactam antibiotic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Prior data would support that at least 22 of the 24 patients with a history of beta-lactam allergy who did not receive a beta-lactam would have tolerated the agent if they were more thoroughly evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These compelling data add to the accumulating body of evidence that supports the evaluation of beta-lactam allergy to improve patient outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Penicillin allergy evaluation, rooted in a complete and accurate allergy history and combined, as indicated, by allergy procedures, is a practice encouraged by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [20], the American Board of Internal Medicine/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology [21], and the Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Over the years, a number of hospitals have created and implemented a variety of quality improvement initiatives aimed at addressing this very problem [5, 18, 23–25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Programs have used different personnel (general providers, allergists/immunologists, pharmacists, infectious diseases experts, or a combination of these) and have implemented different allergy tools, such as taking a comprehensive allergy history, using skin testing alone, and providing guidelines that use both history and allergy procedures."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0029__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, the most efficient and effective method for addressing reported beta-lactam allergies among inpatients remains unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3665__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3665", "paragraph_id": "triad_3665__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors performed this study as the initial step of their quality and process improvement course as Canadian trainees, where accreditation includes quality improvement and patient safety as core competencies [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similarly, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in the United States has integrated quality improvement into post-graduate training programs, requiring programs to ensure trainee participation in quality improvement and patient safety programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, trainees are asked to use quality improvement methods to systematically assess a current practice and to implement changes with the goal of improvement [27]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3665__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We commend MacFadden and colleagues for taking on an important clinical question, applying appropriate methods, and reporting their results to the larger community."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3665/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2155522670_W2460535265_W2475270489", "triad_name": "triad_3665", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3665__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "eDNA analysis in the context of monitoring aquatic and semi--aquatic species via species--specific DNA 54 from water bodies is still in its relative infancy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because of this there is much still to be done in terms 55 of optimising and improving eDNA analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our review intended to discuss the state of both the 56 field sampling and laboratory analysis of these samples and to suggest areas which required 57 improvement, we also discussed innovative ideas for how eDNA can be applied to conservation and 58 management."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It was not our intention to produce an exhaustive review of every aspect of the field, 59 we aimed instead to produce a review with specific emphasis on environmental water sampling, the 60 PCR analysis itself, and then the specific areas where this technique has been applied: eDNA 61 persistence; biomass estimation; species composition; and invasive and rare or threatened species; 62 along with a comparison of eDNA versus traditional methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was no intention to neglect 63 what are deemed to be important areas of this type of work such as the use of modelling for 64 sampling design."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this respect we welcome the endeavour of Roussel et al. ( 2015, hereafter 65 'Roussel') in providing comment on our review paper (Rees et al. 2014b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We respond to the five 66 main points below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first point made by Roussel states that it is 'premature to imply that eDNA will be an efficient 70 tool for detection all aquatic animal species'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with this statement and also that from 71 Ficetola et al. ( 2008) who stated that eDNA is 'useful for studying secretive aquatic or semi--aquatic 72 species, which release DNA into the environment through mucus, faeces, urine and remains'."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our 73 review we do not imply that eDNA can be used for 'all' aquatic species we merely point out that: 1) 74 eDNA analysis has been used as an accurate indicator of species presence in a range of 75 environments; 2) that techniques such as eDNA analysis are of great interest in the management and 76 conservation of vulnerable species and would be of great use in these areas; and 3) that eDNA is 77 particularly useful for those species which are difficult to detect using conventional methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We go 78 on to state that the success rate of eDNA analysis is not always 100% illustrating that it is not always 79 an efficient tool for the detection of aquatic animal species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Roussel rightly chose one of their own publications (Treguier et al. 2014), which was not available at 81 the time of writing Rees et al. ( 2014b), as an example of eDNA being an inefficient tool on its own for 82 the detection of the red--swap crayfish, Procambarus clarkia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They showed that when crayfish 83 abundance was estimated to be low by conventional trapping, eDNA detection efficiency was poor 84 illustrating a limitation of eDNA detection for this species/habitat combination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, Roussel 85 did not mention that this same study found that eDNA had a better overall detection efficiency than 86 conventional trapping (73% versus 65% respectively) and that experimental evidenced suggested 87 that false positives were unlikely in this case so would not account for the higher detection 88 efficiency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This result would suggest that in this case eDNA was more efficient than traditional 89 survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A further example of an invertebrate which has been successfully detected using eDNA 90 analysis is the tadpole shrimp, Lepidurus apus (Thomsen et al. 2012) which was detected at 100% 91 success rate in 10 ponds known to contain this species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Both studies illustrate that detection of 92 invertebrate species is possible and that with continuing developments in PCR technologies and 93 sampling methods the detection efficiency of invertebrate species could be improved making eDNA 94 a more efficient tool for their detection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Rees et al. ( 2014b) we stated that 'The probability of detection will vary for the chosen target 96 species and will be dependent on the taxa, the density of organisms, and also the type of water 97 body.' therefore, we completely agree with Roussel that when studying a new target species, 98 preliminary tests to estimate the detectability of the target DNA should be a pre--requisite for 99 surveying."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would go further and suggest that any such development of a new method for eDNA 100 detection should be compared directly with any established \"gold standard\" method for the 101 detection of the species/habitat under investigation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As mentioned in the original review, given the 102 developmental stage of applying eDNA to ecological surveys of aquatic animals it is vital that new 103 emerging methodologies are correlated directly with the established survey methods for a particular 104 species/habitat type, enabling a robust comparison and assessment of new eDNA survey methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second point made by Roussel is again correct in that it is often perceived that eDNA analysis is 107 more efficient that traditional surveys."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we stated in Rees et al. ( 2014b) eDNA has 'the potential of 108 greater sensitivity over traditional survey methods' we do not state that it is more efficient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "eDNA 109 analysis has been shown to be more efficient in a few studies (Dejean et al. 2012; Takahara, 110 Minamoto & Doi 2013) and latterly (Treguier et al. 2014) but our review points out that the eDNA 111 success rate was not always 100% when the species was known to be present (Thomsen et al. 2012) 112 illustrating that it is not always more efficient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Roussel is again correct to state that the abundancies of the species in question is not always stated 114 within the literature and that it is therefore 'difficult to understand how the method might perform 115 across a gradient of target species density' an important point which does add to our review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We 116 agree that each survey method (eDNA versus traditional) is imperfect and we devoted a whole sub-- 117 section in Rees et al. ( 2014b) to 'eDNA versus traditional survey methods' where we compared the 118 use of eDNA analysis and traditional survey methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree that there should be more 119 comparisons between eDNA and traditional census methods, so much so that this is exactly what we 120 did in a recent study on great crested newts, Triturus cristatus in the UK (Rees et al. 2014a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Likewise 121 we agree that it would be very useful for method comparison if species abundance were included in 122 these studies and feel that this is an important point which has not necessarily been mentioned 123 elsewhere."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The third point made by Roussel concentrates on the reporting of experimental details, and false 126 positives."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with the comments made on reporting of experimental details and in fact the 127 point should be made here that consideration of the MIQE guidelines (Bustin et al. 2009) (Minimum 128 Information for Publication of Quantitative Real--Time PCR Experiments) should be done before 129 publication of any study involving real--time PCR a point which both our Rees et al. ( 2014b) review 130 and Roussel neglected to make."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The background to these guidelines is that there is very little 131 consensus on 'how best to perform and interpret real time PCR (qPCR) experiments' and that this 132 problem is exacerbated by the fact that little experimental information is included in published 133 studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Not only do these guidelines encourage the inclusion of the complete 134 reaction/thermocycling conditions and limits of detection as suggested should be included in 135 publications by Roussel, but it also covers many other items that should be reported to allow for 136 useful comparison or replication of experiments (provided in the form of a useful checklist)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also 137 encouraged is the correct use of nomenclature which can often be confused in publications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In terms of false positives Roussel makes the point that we also made in that false positives 'occur 139 when there is no target DNA in the sample'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Roussel is correct that the term 'false positive' should be 140 carefully and unambiguously defined and of course in terms of positive PCR signals you need to 141 consider the possibility, as was stated the review, that 'there is target DNA in the sample but no 142 viable/live organisms in the system'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "During the peer--review process of our review paper (Rees et al. 143 2014b) we were asked to be careful about the use of the wording 'false positive'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We therefore 144 suggested that a 'false positive' could also be termed a 'false detection'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Perhaps our definitions 145 should have been made more clearly to state that a 'false positive' occurs when there is no target 146 DNA in the sample and a 'false detection' occurs when there is target DNA in the sample but no 147 viable/live organisms in the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "It will be important for future publications to stipulate whether 148 they are referring to a 'false positive' or a possible 'false detection'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Roussel goes on to state that 149 'false detections' need more attention if we want to understand what an eDNA detection 150 represents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We would like to emphasise the point that in some species that are transiently present 151 in water and for example move between ponds, an eDNA detection would still be valid whether the 152 species was present or not at the time of sampling especially when trying to define species 153 distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Of course, as suggested by Roussel consideration should be made to the fact that DNA 154 in a water sample could originate from predator faeces or dead animals which we also stated in Rees 155 et al (2014b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "We agree with Roussel that care should be taken to avoid the inclusion of sedimentary 156 material when taking water samples as sediment could contain eDNA from past site occupancy 157 rather than recent (dependent on eDNA degradation rates) or present occupancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "We would also 158 point out that in our experience the presence of sediment can act to inhibit the PCR reactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The 159 use of an inhibition control (Biggs et al. 2014) can help to monitor for this and other inhibitors which 160 may be present in a sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0011__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "In fact, the inclusion of an inhibition control is now carried out as 161 standard in our laboratories for every sample being tested."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fourth point made by Roussel relates to sampling design, and we agree that rigorous sampling 164 design is important and that tools such as site occupancy models for example the program 165 PRESENCE version 6.4 [available from http://www.mbr--pwrc.usgs.gov/software/presence.html 166 (MacKenzie et al. 2002)] can be used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Roussel stated that in Rees et al. ( 2014b) we failed to 167 recognise that there are two sources of imperfect detection: at the field level and in the laboratory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "168 We would dispute this comment as we have a large section devoted to sampling in which we discuss 169 the numerous different methods employed for sampling in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We discuss how groups 170 have improved the sampling coverage of the water systems and noted that methods for sample 171 collection will vary depending on the type of water body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additionally we recognised that the 172 probability of detection will depend on several factors including the taxa, the density of organisms, 173 and the type of water body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We also note that there is considerable variation in the processing of 174 the water samples prior to the extraction step for which we state that 'a direct comparison of these 175 methods to monitor the effects of different processing methods on eDNA extraction and detection 176 would be useful'."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This implies that there are sources of imperfect detection at the field level, 177 although we may not have stated so in so many words, the citations in Roussel that list the studies 178 (Schmidt et al. 2013; Ficetola et al. 2014) which illustrate this imperfect detection are useful and 179 should be considered when designing sampling regimes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fifth point made by Roussel deals with the application of eDNA detection to running water, an 182 area in which there has been few studies (Roussel indicates 9 papers have been published on this 183 subject) ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We chose to discuss the sampling regimes used so far and concluded that 'methods for 184 sample collection will vary' depending on the environment which is to be studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not discuss 185 the issue of downstream transportation of DNA as there was little information on this within the 186 published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Roussel is correct that the implications of discharge variation and dendritic 187 organization will need to be considered when studying these environments along with DNA 188 degradation (which was discussed within Rees et al. ( 2014b))."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This again goes back to the point that 189 Roussel made about the importance of the study design and the use of modelling approaches such 190 that all these factors are taken into consideration prior to study commencement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the most part we agree with the comments of Roussel and in several instances the comments 194 made do not correspond to what was said in our review paper but may correspond to the other 195 papers as analysed by Roussel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We note that many of the points raised were already covered in our 196 original review paper although there are some additional valid considerations, which are discussed 197 above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, we dispute the fact that we neglected to discuss the potential for errors in the 198 field sampling although we did not included discussion on the use of modelling during the study 199 design phase, which was an important omission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We feel that our original conclusions are valid: 200 eDNA analysis is fast becoming an important tool in the study of aquatic species; alternative 201 methods of PCR or novel methodologies could be used to provide rapid on--site detections; the fact 202 that there does not appear to be 'a single study which could be used as a template for 203 standardization of this technique' due to the very different natures of the environments being 204 studied, the taxa, the density of organisms, and the disparity in the way samples are scored as 205 positive; the fact that next generation sequencing of eDNA samples could become a powerful tool 206 for monitoring species diversity; and finally that the technique has been used as an 'accurate 207 indicator of the presence of species in a range of aquatic environments'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In agreement with the conclusions of Roussel, we feel that eDNA analysis is a 'promising method', 209 that more investigations are required, and as with any method users should be aware of potential 210 weaknesses within its use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Roussel concludes that non--detection of target species DNA does not 211 mean the absence of that species, nor does a positive detection mean that the species is present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "212 This is of course true for the reasons already discussed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it is also the case that 213 traditional field survey methods are not always accurate when recording the absence of a particular 214 species, particularly in cases where a secretive or elusive species is being surveyed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This points to the 215 fact that neither field survey nor eDNA analysis is perfect, which supports a statement made in the 216 original review and is our concluding remark here, that 'eDNA should not be used to replace or 217 disregard the knowledge and expertise of experienced field ecologists and taxon specialists, but 218 should become an important tool to enhance limited conservation resources'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_861__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a growing literature on the detection of species-specific DNA fragments in water to reveal animals’ presence in aquatic environments [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Analysis of Rees et al. ( Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 51, 1450) and additional publications highlight the downside of the method and suggest that some conclusions have to be toned down [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Non-detection of species-specific DNA fragments in a water sample does not automatically imply the absence of the target species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A positive signal does not necessarily mean the species is present because the environmental DNA (eDNA) could have been transported or preserved after an animal’s death [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Detection of aquatic invertebrates is weakly documented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The effect of species abundance on detection efficiency is not always established [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Before successfully becoming an efficient tool to assist proper management policies for monitoring of aquatic species, eDNA surveys must implement sampling strategies that allow estimating detection rates and scaling up information from water samples to larger spatial areas [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0017__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The effects of discharge variations and dendritic organization in running waters require particular consideration [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, that is the detection of species-specific DNA fragments in the environment, is developing as a tool for surveying animal species in aquatic ecosystems [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Initial evaluations by Ficetola et al. ( 2008) suggest that eDNA analysis is more efficient for revealing the presence of a target species at low population densities than conventional census methods [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Accordingly, eDNA is often considered an effective tool for the detection of recently introduced invasive species, and elusive and endangered species [9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A review article on eDNA was recently published in Journal of Applied Ecology (Rees et al. 2014), but we think it neglected important ideas and caveats [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our objective was to identify some persistent misunderstandings about eDNA and to further inform potential eDNA users of practical drawbacks for the detection of aquatic animals [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the existing literature focuses mostly on vertebrate species (84% – primarily fish and amphibians) [12], and it seems premature to imply that eDNA will be an efficient tool for detecting all aquatic animal species [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For instance, using the eDNA method alone was a deficient strategy for detecting a highly invasive crayfish, the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, in a large range of freshwater ponds [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this work, eDNA detection efficiency was poor when crayfish abundance – estimated by conventional trapping – was estimated to be low, perhaps because DNA was too sparse to be detected [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As initially indicated by Ficetola et al. ( 2008), the detection of eDNA in water samples is ‘useful for studying secretive aquatic or semi-aquatic species, which release DNA into the environment through mucus, faeces, urine and remains’ [16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If detection efficiency varies between aquatic species, notably between vertebrates and invertebrates, then preliminary tests to estimate the detectability of DNA of a new target species under a range of semi-natural conditions should be a prerequisite for surveying [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Secondly, the idea that eDNA is more efficient than traditional surveys, which is fast becoming commonplace in the literature, rests on a few comparative studies only [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These studies typically reported positive eDNA detection in habitats where the target species was already known to be present [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, the abundance of the target species is not always reported [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, it is difficult to understand how the method might perform across a gradient of target species density [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One advantage to surveying by eDNA is that it is easy to deploy at large spatial scales [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This does not, however, automatically imply it is more efficient than traditional methods; such confusion is often perceived in published articles [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Each survey method is imperfect, but one advantage of methods involving the capture of the target species is that they are not affected by false-positive detection, which introduces additional complexity in occupancy models using eDNA survey results [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We appeal for more comparisons between eDNA and traditional census methods in future studies [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0020__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Routine reporting of the target species’ abundance in studies using eDNA analysis will help practitioners to understand detection rates and evaluate the strength of the eDNA method compared to traditional census methods in natural settings [26]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thirdly, the lower detection limit for the target eDNA sequences can be easily estimated from a dilution series of known amounts of DNA and PCR replicates per concentration [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This information, however, is usually missing from most published studies, the number of PCR cycles being set – presumably – arbitrarily [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among studies that have reported this information, the minimum number of PCR amplifications leading to a positive detection of eDNA at the lowest concentration varies strongly, emphasizing that it should be reported routinely to allow comparisons of detection efficiency between studies [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the term ‘false positive’ should be used carefully and, above all, be defined unambiguously [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "False positives, stricto sensu, occur when a positive signal is obtained, while the sample does not contain any DNA of the target species, which is truly an artefact of the detection process [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "When interpreting positive signals, however, one should always consider that eDNA might be amplified even though the species is absent from the water body where the sample was taken [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These situations can be due to peculiarities of the sampled environment (for instance in running waters, see below) and might be informative about ecological processes that these surveys are hitherto not designed to sample [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Notably, molecular detection can reveal trophic interactions among species [34] when, for example, remains of the target species are deposited in predator faeces when the predator was visiting a site where the prey is absent [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Moreover, sedimentary eDNA provides longer-lasting signals of the past site occupancy by aquatic species [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Thus, resuspension and transport of sedimentary eDNA can complicate the reading of the target species’ presence [37]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0021__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "That DNA molecules could be present in water samples, while the species is absent certainly deserves more attention, particularly if we hope to understand exactly what an eDNA detection represents [38]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "eDNA surveys must implement sampling strategies that allow estimating detection rates [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Enhancing detectability will have practical implications, most notably for the costs of field sampling and laboratory molecular analyses [40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Enhancing detectability cannot, however, replace rigorous sampling design [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rees et al. ( 2014) discussed the number of PCR replicates that are required to detect target DNA, but neglected to recognize that there are two sources of imperfect detection: at the level of the field and the laboratory [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Schmidt et al. ( 2013) showed that for the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the main source of imperfect detection was at the sampling step in the field, not at the amplification step in the laboratory [43]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Their study and others further demonstrated that simulation tools can help decide the best sampling strategy [44]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current literature dealing with running waters is still ambiguous about its effect on the downstream transportation of DNA [45]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While DNA could be detected only a few metres downstream of a site where salamanders were introduced, Deiner & Altermatt (2014) detected the DNA of daphnia and mussels in stream water at nearly 20 km downstream of the alpine lake in which they were present [46]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clearly, explaining such variations is required if one wants to understand the significance of a positive or negative eDNA signal from a running stream survey [47]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rees et al. ( 2014) highlighted that eDNA degradation rate can affect detection rates in aquatic ecosystems, but it must also be mentioned that discharge variations and dendritic organization further complicate the eDNA detection rates in running waters [48]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The transport of eDNA downstream and its dilution at each stream confluence are inherent processes that need to be properly accounted for if eDNA is to be a satisfactory survey method for running waters [49]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Scaling up results from local water samples is clearly challenging, and modelling approaches should be encouraged [50]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Such models should consider detection rates together with eDNA persistence in spatially explicit dendritic systems [51]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To conclude, eDNA is a promising method but one should be aware of its weaknesses before adopting it as a tool for surveying endangered or invasive aquatic species [52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on current knowledge and the limited case studies in the literature, the non-detection of species-specific DNA fragments in water samples does not automatically imply the absence of the target species, nor does a positive signal necessarily mean the species is present [53]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "DNA concentrations in the water sample may be beneath the detection threshold because the target species releases only a small amount of DNA or because of rapid DNA degradation or dilution in the environment [54]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conversely, DNA may be detected even though the species is absent because DNA can be transported by running waters or animal movements or it might be excreted by a passing predator of the target species [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "More investigations are required to understand how well the eDNA method will work for aquatic invertebrate species, to evaluate the effect of species abundance on detection efficiency and to upscale species detection from local water samples to larger spatial areas, such as drainage basins [56]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__critique__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These are necessary conditions for achieving an efficient survey tool to serve the development of proper management policies for monitoring aquatic species and their ecosystems [57]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_861__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 10, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Rees et al. ( 2014b), we reviewed the current status of environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor aquatic populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our aim was to focus on discussion of methodologies used, application of eDNA analysis as a survey tool in ecology, and to include some innovative ideas for using eDNA in conservation and management."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Roussel et al. ( 2015) claim that analysis of Rees et al. ( 2014b) and other publications highlights the downsides of the method, and they suggest that some conclusions should be toned down."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Many of their arguments were covered in our original paper (Rees et al., 2014b); however, they make the point that modelling approaches should be encouraged, and we fully agree with this suggestion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Roussel et al. ( 2015) also claim that we neglected to recognize that there are two sources of imperfect detection (at the field level and at the laboratory level)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We feel that our review paper implies this point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Roussel et al. ( 2015) reiterate many of the points made in the original paper but do cover some additional areas that improve the debate on the use of environmental DNA (eDNA)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Both the comment (Roussel et al., 2015) and our rebuttal clearly highlight that detailed laboratory protocols and rigorous field sampling design are crucial factors which require sufficient reporting in the literature to allow for experimental comparison and replication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Any development of a new method for eDNA detection should be compared directly with established ‘gold standard’ methods for the detection of the species or habitat under investigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0025__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "None of the issues raised in Roussel et al. ( 2015) would alter our main conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis in the context of monitoring aquatic and semi-aquatic species via species-specific DNA from water bodies is still in its relative infancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because of this, there is much still to be done in terms of optimizing and improving eDNA analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our review intended to discuss the state of both the field sampling and laboratory analysis of these samples and to suggest areas which required improvement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also discussed innovative ideas for how eDNA can be applied to conservation and management."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It was not our intention to produce an exhaustive review of every aspect of the field; we aimed instead to produce a review with specific emphasis on environmental water sampling, the PCR analysis itself, and the specific applications of this technique – biomass estimation, species composition, and detection of invasive and rare or threatened species – along with a comparison of eDNA versus traditional methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There was no intention to neglect what are deemed to be important areas of this type of work such as the use of modelling for sampling design."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this respect, we welcome the endeavour of Roussel et al. ( 2015, hereafter ‘Roussel’) in providing comment on our review paper (Rees et al. 2014b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We respond to the five main points below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 23, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [23, 23, 22], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first point made by Roussel states that it is ‘premature to imply that eDNA will be an efficient tool for detecting all aquatic animal species’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with this statement and also that from Ficetola et al. ( 2008) who stated that eDNA is ‘useful for studying secretive aquatic or semi-aquatic species, which release DNA into the environment through mucus, faeces, urine and remains’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our review, we do not imply that eDNA can be used for ‘all’ aquatic species, but we merely point out (i) that eDNA analysis has been used as an accurate indicator of species presence in a range of environments; (ii) that techniques such as eDNA analysis are of great interest for the management and conservation of vulnerable species if traditional survey methods pose a threat to these animals; and (iii) that eDNA is particularly useful for those species that are difficult to detect using conventional methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We go on to state that the success rate of eDNA analysis is not always 100%, illustrating that it is not always an accurate tool for the detection of aquatic animal species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Roussel chose Treguier et al. 2014, which was not available at the time of writing Rees et al. ( 2014b), as an example of eDNA being an inefficient tool on its own for the detection of the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They showed that when crayfish abundance was estimated to be low by conventional trapping, eDNA detection efficiency was poor, illustrating a limitation of eDNA detection for species–habitat combination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, Roussel did not mention that this same study found that eDNA had a better overall detection efficiency than conventional trapping (73% vs. 65%, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Experimental evidence suggested that false positives and/or false detections were unlikely in this case, so would not account for the higher detection efficiency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This result suggests that in this case, eDNA was more accurate than a traditional survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A further example of an invertebrate that has been successfully detected using eDNA analysis is the tadpole shrimp Lepidurus apus (Thomsen et al. 2012)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This was detected with a 100% success rate in 10 ponds known to contain the species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Both studies illustrate that detection of invertebrates is possible, and with continuing developments in PCR technologies and sampling methods, the detection efficiency of invertebrates could be improved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "In Rees et al. ( 2014b), we stated that ‘the probability of detection will vary for the chosen target species and will be dependent on the taxa, the density of organisms, and also the type of water body.’ Therefore, we completely agree with Roussel that when studying a new target species, preliminary tests to estimate the detectability of the target DNA under a range of semi-natural conditions should be a prerequisite for surveying."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "A recent study which aimed to quantify the effects of UV-B, temperature and pH on eDNA degradation in aquatic microcosms (Strickler, Fremier & Goldberg 2015) may provide useful information for these preliminary tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "The study found that aquatic environments which are ‘colder, more protected from solar radiation, and more alkaline are likely to hold detectable amounts of eDNA longer than those that are warmer, sunnier, and neutral or acidic’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Another recent study which compared eDNA capture and extraction methods on both lake and river water (Deiner et al. 2015) highlights that the choice of molecular protocols used can strongly affect biodiversity detection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The study showed that the species of interest could be detected but that detection rates were dependant on the protocols used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Additionally, the capture and extraction protocols affected the total amount of DNA recovered from each sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "As such, another preliminary test to estimate the detectability of the target DNA could be to find the best combination of capture and extraction for the species of interest (Deiner et al. 2015 recommends certain protocols for certain situations)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "It is also worth noting here that a further paper (Takahara, Minamoto & Doi 2015) highlighted that freeze–thawing of water samples reduced the detection of common carp Cyprinus carpio and that there were changes in common carp eDNA concentration in freeze–thawed vs. non-frozen samples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "This study suggests that this methodology should be avoided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Additionally, we would go further and suggest that any new method for eDNA detection should be compared directly with the established ‘gold standard’ method for the detection of the species or habitat under investigation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "As mentioned in the original review, given the developmental stage of applying eDNA to ecological surveys of aquatic animals, it is vital that new emerging methodologies are corroborated by the established survey methods for a particular species or habitat type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0027__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "This in turn will enable a robust comparison and assessment of new eDNA survey methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 7, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second point made by Roussel is again correct in that it is often perceived that eDNA analysis is more accurate than traditional surveys."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we stated in Rees et al. ( 2014b), eDNA has ‘the potential of greater sensitivity over traditional survey methods’; we do not state that it is more accurate, although eDNA analysis has been shown to be more accurate in a few studies (Dejean et al. 2012; Takahara, Minamoto & Doi 2013; Treguier et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our review points out that the eDNA success rate was not always 100% when the species was known to be present (Thomsen et al. 2012), illustrating that it is not always more accurate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Roussel is again correct to state that the abundance of the species in question is not always stated within the literature and that it is therefore ‘difficult to understand how the method might perform across a gradient of target species densities’, an important point which does add to our review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We agree that each survey method is imperfect and we devoted a whole subsection in Rees et al. ( 2014b) to comparing the use of eDNA analysis vs. traditional survey methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We agree that there should be more comparisons between eDNA and traditional census methods, which is what we did in a recent study on great crested newts Triturus cristatus, in the UK (Rees et al. 2014a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Likewise, we agree that it would be very useful for method comparison if species abundances were included in these studies, and feel that this is an important point."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 13, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [13, 13, 13], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The third point made by Roussel concentrates on the reporting of experimental details, and specifically false positives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with the comments made on reporting of experimental details."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The point should be made here that consideration of guidelines for Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (Bustin et al. 2009) should be done before publication of any study involving real-time PCR, a point which both our Rees et al. ( 2014b) review and Roussel neglected to make."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The background to these guidelines is that there is very little consensus on ‘how best to perform and interpret real time PCR (qPCR) experiments’ and that this problem is exacerbated by the fact that little experimental information is included in published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These guidelines encourage the inclusion of reaction conditions, limits of detection, and many other items that should be reported to allow for useful comparison or replication of experiments (provided in the form of a useful checklist)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Also encouraged is the correct use of nomenclature that can often be confused in publications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In terms of false positives, Roussel makes the point that we also made: false positives occur when DNA is detected, but DNA is not present in the sample (Rees et al. 2014b; Roussel et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Roussel is correct that the term ‘false positive’ should be carefully and unambiguously defined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "As was stated in the review, when there are positive PCR signals, you need to consider the possibility that ‘there is target DNA in the sample but no viable/live organisms in the system’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "During the peer review process of our paper (Rees et al. 2014b), we were asked to be careful about the use of the wording ‘false positive’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "We therefore suggested that a ‘false positive’ could also be termed a ‘false detection’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Perhaps our definitions should have been made more clearly to state that a ‘false positive’ occurs when there is no target DNA in the sample and a ‘false detection’ occurs when there is target DNA in the sample but no viable/live organisms in the system."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "It will be important for future publications to stipulate whether one is referring to a ‘false positive’ or a ‘false detection’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Roussel goes on to state that ‘false detections’ need more attention if we want to understand what an eDNA detection represents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "We would like to emphasize the point that in some species that are transiently present in water (for example, move between ponds), an eDNA detection would still be valid whether the species was present or not at the time of sampling, defining species distributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0029__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Of course, as suggested by Roussel, consideration should be made to the fact that DNA in a water sample could originate from predator faeces or dead animals which we also stated in Rees et al. ( 2014b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 13, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [13, 13, 13], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fifth point made by Roussel is discussed here as it also relates back to false detection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This point deals with the application of eDNA detection to running water, an area in which there have been few studies (Roussel indicates nine papers have been published on this subject)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Roussel is correct that the implications of discharge variation and dendritic organization will need to be considered when studying these environments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We chose to discuss the sampling regimes used so far and concluded that ‘methods for sample collection will vary’ depending on the environment that is to be studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We did not discuss the issue of downstream transportation of DNA as there was little information on this within the published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, a recent paper on giant salamanders in Japan (Fukumoto, Ushimaru & Minamoto 2015) discussed the possibility of false positives in the lower reaches of the river systems under investigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The authors hope that in the future by ‘combining data on the water discharge, the eDNA concentration in the water, the eDNA release rate from an individual, and the eDNA degradation rate’, they will be able to distinguish between DNA from an upstream area and DNA from near the sampling site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We agree with Roussel that care should be taken to avoid the inclusion of sedimentary material when taking water samples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Sediment could contain eDNA from past site occupancy rather than recent (dependent on eDNA degradation rates) or present occupancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, it should be noted that a recent study of aqueous and sedimentary eDNA from an invasive fish, big-headed Asian carp Hypophthalmichthys spp. ( Turner, Uy & Everhart 2015), suggested that sedimentary eDNA was a slightly more sensitive detector of site occupancy than eDNA derived from water samples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The authors suggest that the prolonged retention of eDNA seen within sediments (up to 132 days after removal of carp) could be due to particle settling and/or retarded degradation of sediment-adsorbed DNA molecules."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The authors went on to suggest that the use of sediment-derived eDNA could be a better method for inferring current or past site occupancy by aquatic macrofauna, especially benthic species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "This study illustrates the importance of study design in relation to the species of interest, a point made in the original review paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "A further point on the presence of sediment in water samples is that in our experience, sediment can act to inhibit the PCRs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Inhibition controls can be used to monitor for inhibitors which may be present in a sample (Bustin et al. 2009; Biggs et al. 2015; Turner, Uy & Everhart 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0030__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The inclusion of an inhibition control is now carried out as standard in our laboratories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 21, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [21, 21, 21], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "861", "paragraph_id": "triad_861__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fourth point made by Roussel relates to sampling design."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree that rigorous sampling design is important and site occupancy models can be used (for example, the program PRESENCE version 6.4 available from http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/software/presence.html (MacKenzie et al. 2002))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Roussel stated that we failed to recognize that there are two locations where imperfect detection can occur: the field and the laboratory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We have a large section devoted to sampling in which we discuss the numerous different methods employed for sampling in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We discussed how groups have improved the sampling coverage of the water systems and noted that methods for sample collection will vary depending on the type of water body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Additionally, we recognized that the probability of detection will depend on several factors including the taxa, the density of organisms and the type of water body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We also note that there is considerable variation in the processing of the water samples prior to the extraction step for which we state that ‘a direct comparison of these methods to monitor the effects of different processing methods on eDNA extraction and detection would be useful’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This implies that there are sources of imperfect detection at the field level, although we may not have stated so in so many words."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The citations in Roussel (Schmidt et al. 2013; Ficetola et al. 2014) which illustrate this imperfect detection are useful and should be considered when designing sampling regimes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We note that many of the points raised were already covered in our original review paper although there are some additional valid considerations, which are discussed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Additionally, we do not believe that we neglected to discuss the potential for errors in the field sampling although we did not include discussion on the use of modelling during the study design phase, which was an important omission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "We feel that our original conclusions are valid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "eDNA analysis is fast becoming an important tool in the study of aquatic species, but there does not appear to be ‘a single study which could be used as a template for standardization of this technique’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "This is due to the very different natures of the environments being studied, the taxa, the density of organisms, and the disparity in the way samples are scored as positive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Despite this, the technique has been used as an ‘accurate indicator of the presence of species in a range of aquatic environments’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Alternative methods of PCR or novel methodologies could be used to provide rapid on-site detections, and next-generation sequencing of eDNA samples could become a powerful tool for monitoring species diversity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In agreement with the conclusions of Roussel, we feel that eDNA analysis is a ‘promising method’ and that more investigations are required, and as with any method, users should be aware of potential weaknesses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Roussel concluded that non-detection of target species DNA does not mean the absence of that species, nor does a positive detection mean that the species is present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "This is of course true for the reasons already discussed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "However, it is also the case that traditional field survey methods are not always accurate when recording the absence of a particular species, particularly in cases where secretive or elusive species are being surveyed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_861__response__p0031__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "This points to the fact that neither field survey nor eDNA analysis is perfect, which supports a statement made in the original review and is our concluding remark here, that ‘eDNA should not be used to replace or disregard the knowledge and expertise of experienced field ecologists and taxon specialists, but should become an important tool to enhance limited conservation resources’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_861/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2088695664_W1905207763_W1864821952", "triad_name": "triad_861", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_861__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An invited commentary on this article appears on page 919, and the authors' response appears on page 922."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prevalence of cognitive impairment is rising in China."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2011, national figures estimated that around 9% of older persons in China had cognitive impairment (1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The World Health Orga- nization projects that, by 2050, 10 million older Chinese will have dementia (2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cognitive impairment refers to reduction of ability in various tasks, such as memory, learning, concentration, language, and reasoning, that might affect a person's everyday life (3, 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "People with mild cognitive impairment have a 10-fold increased risk of later developing greater levels of cognitive impairment common in Alzheimer's disease and other demen- tias (5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, the lifetime risk of cognitive impairment is disproportionately greater in women because they live longer and are more vulnerable to cognitive decline than men from a neurobiological standpoint (6, 7)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recent evidence has demonstrated that exposure to second- hand smoke (SHS), also called passive smoking, is associated with greater risk of cognitive impairment in older adults (8-10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "SHS is the major source of indoor air pollution worldwide (11) and contains hundreds of carcinogenic chemicals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ingestion of carcinogens may lead to cognitive impairment by increasing oxidative stress (5, 12, 13)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cross-sectional evidence has demon- strated that SHS exposure within the home is associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (8-10, 14, 15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Specifically, longer exposure to SHS has been reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular demen- tia (9, 10, 16)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "China is the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The prevalence of smoking in China is high, with 350 million active smokers and 740 million passive smokers in 2010 (17)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Chinese women are more likely to be passive smo- kers and are heavily exposed to SHS at home because many live in households with husbands or other family members who smoke cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 2010, nearly 50% of nonsmoking Chinese women were exposed to household SHS, and SHS exposure was even more common in rural China (18)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, there is a paucity of research addressing the relationship between SHS The primary aim of this study was to address this gap by examining the association between household SHS exposure and changes in the cognitive function of older, married women over the course of 2 years, using longitudinal, national survey data from China."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The longitudinal data and our analytic approach provided an opportunity to contribute new knowledge about cor- relates of cognitive impairment among older Chinese women, particularly concerning environmental factors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Examining the relationship between SHS and cognitive function is also impor- tant for understanding the environmental etiology of adverse cognitive outcomes among older women in China."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sec- ondary aim of the study was to examine whether the associa- tion between SHS exposure and cognitive function varies across different age cohorts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prior longitudinal research has suggested that cognitive decline is already evident in middle age (ages 45-49 years) (19), and as such, the inclusion of a middle-aged group in this study is a crucial addition to the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further, a descriptive study on the prevalence of age-associated memory impairment has found that the age-specific prevalence rate of age-associated memory impairment is highest in adults aged 60-64 years (45.7%) and lowest in those aged 75-78 years (20)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, studies of active smoking and cognitive impairment among the Chinese population suggest that older current smok- ers (with an average age of 63 years) were more likely to develop cognitive impairment compared with the oldest smok- ers or never-smokers in China (1, 21)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, it is critical to investigate whether the probability of cognitive decline is also high among the older women who were exposed to SHS within similar age ranges, and to examine whether the risk of cogni- tive decline varied across different age cohorts ranging from mid-life to the oldest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comparing the influence of SHS expo- sure across these age groups could help to identify whether certain age groups are at higher risk of cognitive decline than others."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study is vitally important to inform policy and pro- grams aimed at reducing household SHS exposure and ulti- mately cognitive impairment in China."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data for this study were from 2 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2013), which included interviews with a nationally representative sam- ple of adults aged 45 years or older, as well as their spouses when possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The sample was obtained through multistage cluster sampling, with an overall response rate of 80.5% (nearly 64.15% in rural areas) (22, 23)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The national baseline survey of CHARLS was conducted between June 2011 and March 2012 and included 17,705 respondents from 10,257 households."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At baseline, there were 6,248 women who never smoked cigarettes and were aged 45 years or older, married, and living with spouses who had either smoked cigarettes in the past or smoked at the time of interview."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of these, 5,119 respondents were inter- viewed again during the second wave of data collection in 2013."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our final sample was composed of 2,037 respondents who had completed both surveys and provided complete data for all study variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CHARLS included items for cogni- tive function similar to those used in the Health and Retirement Study, which were components of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status battery (24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Telephone Interview of Cog- nitive Status is a telephone version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and assesses cognitive function (25)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An analysis by McArdle et al. ( 26) of the Health and Retirement Study data suggested 2 factors to adequately capture cognitive function: one factor related to episodic memory and a second factor related to other tasks of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status battery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Based upon this suggestion and recommenda- tions from previous studies using the CHARLS data (27, 28), we constructed 2 measures of cognitive function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In CHARLS, memory was assessed through an immediate word recall based on respondents' capacity to immediately repeat, in any order, 10 Chinese nouns just read to them, followed by a delayed- recall test of respondents' ability to repeat the same list of words 4 minutes later (24, 25)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A single score of memory was calcu- lated by averaging the immediate- and delayed-recall scores, and it ranged from 0 to 10."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to the memory tests, CHARLS included some components of the mental status questions of the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status battery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our second measure of cognitive function was based on these questions and included items on orientation, visuoconstruction, and numeric ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Orientation was assessed by asking respondents to name the cur- rent day's date (month, day, year) and season and to identify the correct day of the week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Visuoconstruction was assessed by ask- ing respondents to accurately redraw a previously shown pic- ture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Numeric ability was assessed through the serial sevens test, which asks respondents to subtract 7 from 100 (up to 5 times), and whether additional explanation or an aid such as a paper and pencil was needed to complete the task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Scores on these items were aggregated into a single score that ranged from 0 to 11 and was labeled as mental status (28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For both measures, higher scores indicate better cognitive function (27, 28)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Exposure to SHS among Chinese women was assessed through several survey items that asked husbands and wives about cigarette smoking at home."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both husbands and wives were asked about the year they got mar- ried, whether they had ever smoked, if they were currently smoking cigarettes, and the age or year when they started and stopped smoking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The length of SHS exposure was calculated to reflect the total number of years that never-smoking women lived with spouses who smoked cigarettes at home."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given that cognitive function may vary across educational levels and across health and socioeconomic status, we included age in years, urban/rural residence, educa- tion (illiterate, primary education, or at least secondary educa- tion), household expenditures, and chronic diseases as control variables (27-30)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To measure financial resources, we calcu- lated the annual household expenditures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The existing literature has shown that expenditures are a better measure of economic resources available to the family in developing countries than Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/187/5/911/4804402 by Institut Armand-Frappier user on 15 May 2024 is income (31)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The summed total of annual expenditures was log transformed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Physical health conditions included hyperten- sion and diabetes, as well as whether participants were being treated for those conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The measure of depressive symp- toms was based on responses to the 10-item version of the Cen- ter for Epidemiologic Studies Short Depression Scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each of the items has 4 response options coded from 0 to 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The total score is the sum of points for all 10 items."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A dichotomous vari- able was created using a score of 10 or greater to indicate the presence of depressive symptoms (32)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To examine the association between SHS exposure and cog- nitive function, we used lagged dependent-variable regression models with ordinary least squares estimation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The lagged dependent-variable model is superior for analyzing the effects of predictor variables on an outcome with 2-wave panel data while controlling for the influence of time-invariant variables (33, 34)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our models, the length of SHS exposure was the predictor variable, and memory and mental status were 2 sepa- rate outcome variables with controls for the influence of age, education, household expenditures, urban/rural residence, and chronic diseases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Prior to fitting the regression models, descrip- tive analyses were conducted to estimate the mean, frequency, and missing values of key study variables for the entire sample and for the different age groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All analyses and procedures were conducted in SAS, version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to attrition from the baseline to the follow-up survey and missing data on study variables that did not occur at ran- dom, we used multiple imputation with multivariate normal distribution to replace those missing cases and adjust for this potential bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While 2-10 imputations are recommended (35), we chose to create 10 imputed data sets to maximize the adjust- ment for this potential bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The imputed data sets were analyzed separately, and the results were combined in a way that accounts for variation in the imputed values (36)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 provides a descriptive summary of the variables for all study participants and according to age group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the entire sample, women were 57 years old on average at baseline, and the majority completed primary education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nearly two-thirds of the respondents lived in rural areas, and the average duration that women were exposed to SHS was 30 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The group aged 65 years or older had the highest proportion of hypertension, dia- betes, and depressive symptoms, as well as the lowest education levels, compared with the other 2 groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The mean scores of memory and mental status significantly decreased across age groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In comparison with the group aged 45-54 years, the mean scores of memory and mental status among the group aged 55-64 years were lower."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, changes in the scores of memory (from 3.91 to 3.87) and mental status (from 6.82 to 6.66) between the 2 waves were significant (for memory, t = 4.30, P < 0.001; for mental status, t = 4.92, P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Results from the regression models for the relationship between SHS exposure and each measure of cognitive function for all respondents are reported in Table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Scores of memory and mental status among women in 2011 were a strong predic- tor of their corresponding cognitive function measures 2 years later."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Higher baseline scores predicted better performance in memory and mental status in 2013."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After controlling for the health and demographic variables, as well as baseline scores of memory and mental status, we found that exposure to SHS sig- nificantly predicted a decline in memory but not in mental sta- tus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For each 1-year increase in the length of SHS exposure, there was an additional 0.01-point decline in scores of memory in the 2013 follow-up."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, SHS exposure was associ- ated with a greater decline in memory over a 2-year period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For each 1-year increase in age, there was an additional 0.03- point decline in scores for memory."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The association between education and memory was strong, as higher levels of education protected against memory decline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Compared with illiterate re- spondents, the memory score in 2013 for those who finished at least primary education was 0.62 higher, and for those with sec- ondary education or above, the score for memory was 1.26 high- er."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, respondents living in urban settings had higher scores in memory than respondents living in rural areas."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Depressive symptoms also significantly predicted declines in memory and mental status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our study sample, the magnitude of memory decline among those with depressive symptoms was 0.21 greater than among those without depressive symp- toms, and the magnitude of the decline in mental status among those with depressive symptoms was 0.30 greater than those without depressive symptoms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, urban residence, more education, and higher household expenditures (a proxy for wealth) significantly predicted a lesser degree of decline in mental status."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We further explored whether the association between SHS exposure and memory varied by age among the 3 age groups: 45-54 years, 55-64 years, and 65 years or older."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As shown in Table 3, a significant relationship was found between SHS ex- posure and memory for the group aged 55-64 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this age group, for each 1-year increase in exposure to SHS, there was an additional 0.01 decline in scores of memory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Memory was better among the Chinese women who were living in urban en- vironments than among their rural counterparts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation of cog- nitive function in relation to household SHS exposure for middle-aged and older women in China using longitudinal data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found that longer SHS exposure was related to greater declines over time in memory scores in this population-based sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On average, the negative coefficient indicated that, compared with those not exposed to SHS, women with SHS exposure have a greater decline in memory scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also found that among women aged 55-64 years, greater exposure to SHS was related to greater declines in memory scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No association between SHS exposure and cognitive function was observed in women aged 65 years or older, perhaps due to the relatively few cases in this age group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A larger sample may be needed to detect significant effect for this group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the small regression coefficient (0.01), our findings are not trivial given that the average score of memory declined Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/187/5/911/4804402 by Institut Armand-Frappier user on 15 May 2024 0.04 points over the 2-year period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, our finding is quite similar in magnitude to prior research on the relationship between age and cognitive function (score declines of -0.043 for memory and -0.035 for mental status) using the 2011 CHARLS data (27), and a larger coefficient tends to be found in cross-sectional studies (37)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The existing literature suggests that the \"significance of effect\" cannot be judged only by the P value or the regression coefficient but also by the confidence interval (37)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the present study, the 95% confidence interval for SHS on memory is small, which provides some evidence that the association between SHS and memory is high (see Tables 2 and 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Women between the ages of 55 and 64 years who had longer exposure to household smoking in their mar- riage also demonstrated lower scores on memory 2 years later, after controlling for levels of education, geographic residence, household expenditures, chronic diseases, and baseline memory Our study also highlighted that education protected cognitive function from decline among these older Chinese women."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Edu- cational levels for older Chinese women are generally quite low, and they are even lower within the oldest cohorts."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Findings from our investigation show that even some level of education could prevent the decline of cognitive function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given the socioeco- nomic development occurring in China, there have been impres- sive improvements over time in educational achievements, especially for women (27), which may lead to better cognitive function in several dimensions (38)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In line with previous studies (27, 28, 30), we found that older women with depressive symp- toms had lower cognitive function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, screening and treat- ment for depressive symptoms presents another opportunity for interventions that could improve the cognitive function of older Chinese women."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prior research suggests that cognitive impairment tends to begin at younger ages in China than in Western countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ex- isting evidence indicates that cognitive impairment is common among adults in the Chinese population starting near age 55 years (39), whereas in Western countries such cognitive impairment tends to occur approximately a decade later (around age 65 years) (9, 10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The earlier age of onset may be one reason that could explain the significant cognitive decline among the cohort of women aged 55-64 years who were exposed to SHS over a longer period of time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Women within this age group are at risk due to their older age and lower edu- cation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is also noteworthy that the majority of respondents in our sample were from rural China. Given the combination of cohort influences and inefficient cognitive screenings in China, particularly in rural areas, it is not surprising that a significant association between SHS exposure and memory decline is found among this age group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In contrast, cognitive decline was not observed among the youngest group in our study, likely due to the combined protection of younger age and higher edu- cation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, despite minimal influence, selection bias might have influenced the results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the oldest group in our sample (those aged 65 years or older), it is possible that par- ticipants were cognitively and physically healthier than women of the same age who did not participate in CHARLS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Along these same lines, those who experienced higher health risks from environmental toxins such as SHS exposure might have suffered a premature death."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The absence of a direct asso- ciation between SHS exposure and mental status suggests that clinical research is needed to investigate the exact mechanism by which SHS exposure affects cognitive function pertaining Limitations of the present study should also be noted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, given the small sample of male passive smokers as well as women aged 65 years and older, it is difficult to test the interac- tions of sex and SHS exposure, or age and SHS exposure, on cognitive function."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the connections between SHS expo- sure and cognitive function found in the present study should be tested more rigorously using larger samples and longer-term panel data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, as with any longitudinal study, selective attrition and inadequate control of all potentially related vari- ables could have influenced the findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Third, self-reported responses may underestimate or overestimate exposure to SHS (40)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Future research could include additional observed or bio- logical measures of SHS and cognitive functioning to improve the precision of measurement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite these limitations, findings from this study call for public health policy in tobacco control and smoking cessation to eliminate SHS exposure in households."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In many regions of China, particularly rural communities, offering a cigarette to guests is a common and highly valued social custom (41)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Policies should involve widespread public education about the harmful effects of SHS exposure to inform and change individuals' attitudes and social customs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sustainable efforts, including school-based anti-SHS education for children and young adults as well as community-based education for middle- aged and older adults, are needed to raise awareness of the hazards of SHS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Many rural areas in China lack the counseling, medication, and information to address tobacco addiction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a result, it is difficult for smokers to quit smoking."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SHS does not have a safe level of exposure, nor can the risk be completely mitigated through ventilation or filtration (42)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The health of nonsmokers can be protected only through completely smoke- free environments (43)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, education on SHS is cru- cially important to empower every nonsmoker to prohibit smoking indoors to reduce household SHS exposure, espe- cially for women."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, smoke-free laws and regulations should be en- forced through action by county- and city-level governments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Results of this study showed that the cognitive function of Chi- nese women in 2011 was a strong predictor of their cognitive function 2 years later."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, cognitive health screenings for the middle-aged and younger elderly populations in urban and rural communities should be recommended, because early screening tests and behavioral interventions including SHS cessation could postpone or prevent the onset of dementia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Campaigns for SHS cessation should be required by the gov- ernment and implemented in schools, hospitals, workplaces,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_230__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 5, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan et al. [ 1] reported findings that exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) was associated with cognitive decline over the course of 2 years among middle-aged and older Chinese women who never smoked, and they also reported a dose-response relationship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "SHS exposure affects vulnerable people disproportionately because they have less control or choice over their living and working environment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Smoking is an established risk factor for dementia, but recent evidence reports on dementia-risk increase have not included SHS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Many epidemiologic studies collect data on smoking but not SHS exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "SHS may be one of the most prevalent and modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline and therefore represents a major potential target for reduction of dementia risk."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Given the high prevalence of smoking in China and other parts of the world, there is an urgent need to raise awareness of SHS reduction as part of global and national strategies to reduce cognitive decline and dementia and to introduce legislation that protects nonsmokers and vulnerable children and adults from SHS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current study by Pan et al. [ 1] provides new evidence on the risk of secondhand smoke (SHS) for cognitive decline in mid- and late adulthood, highlighting a risk factor that has not been included as a priority in recent influential evidence reports [2, 3] on dementia prevention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This builds on previous cross-sectional research on adults aged ≥60 years from 5 provinces in China [4], reporting an association between dementia diagnosis and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "People who develop cognitive deficits in middle age are likely to have greater risk of late-life dementia than are adults who develop cognitive impairment for the first time in late life [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By 2030, 66 million adults globally are expected to have dementia [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cognitive impairment that is not severe enough to meet criteria for a diagnosis of dementia has a prevalence of 16.8% in adults aged >65 years in Canada [7] and 20% in adults aged >70 years in the United States [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "With the lack of any significant breakthrough in discovering an effective treatment or cure for dementia or Alzheimer disease, risk reduction is the mainstay of current dementia-prevention programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Findings on SHS and cognitive decline in the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) are particularly important because the study is representative of the population, is longitudinal, and has measures comparable to those of other national surveys, including the US Health and Retirement Study [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This enables cross-national comparison of rates of exposures for late-life disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Within China, exposure to SHS affects approximately 50% of the population [10, 11] and within the CHARLS data set, participants had an average of 30 years of exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The impact of SHS on cognitive decline is likely compounded by other highly prevalent risk factors that reduce brain and cognitive reserve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Globally, the most prevalent risk factor for dementia is low education (up to lower secondary school, according to the International Standard Education Classification), which affects 40% of the world population [12] and up to 70% in China [13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan et al. [ 1] reported data for participants in middle age, which has been identified as a crucial period for focused lifestyle and vascular risk reduction interventions [14–17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors reported that SHS was associated with more rapid memory decline but not with decline in cognitive status as measured using a telephone-interview version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The MMSE is designed to detect cognitive impairment and has ceiling effects in the normal population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It usually lacks sensitivity to detect cognitive decline in normal aging, although significant change in the sample was detected over the follow-up period of 2 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The extent of decline on the cognitive measures in CHARLS due to SHS per annum was one-third of that due to aging [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, it is possible that there was further cognitive decline not captured by the limited cognitive test battery in the study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other risk factors reported by Pan et al., including low education, rural setting, and depressive symptoms, were associated with cognitive decline in the study [1] and are consistent with the wider literature."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results provide some possible explanations for observed demographic differences in cognitive impairment/dementia [18], with rural Chinese women having higher rates of dementia than rural men and urban-dwelling women."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The incidence of dementia in China is similar to that in Europe and the United States [19], and prevalence rates vary in reports according to region and urban and rural setting, with generally higher rates of dementia in women [20–22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous research from 5 provinces in China [4] has found an increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease associated with environmental tobacco smoke."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Findings from Pan et al. [ 1] provided a potential explanation for the observation of increasing prevalence of dementia in China, particularly in women [23], and suggest that without intervention, high rates of incident dementia [24] might occur."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The higher rates of smoking and exposure to SHS in China compared with those in the United States and Europe may in part explain differences in incidence and prevalence rates between countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However US smoking data [25] reveal large disparities in smoking rates that are associated with socioeconomic status and disadvantage, with the majority of US smokers now being socially disadvantaged."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Given that smoking and exposure to SHS are associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and late-life dementia, these data suggest that the long-term disparities in health and health behavior of adults, and associated environmental exposures of children to factors such as SHS [26], may translate into disparities in dementia incidence in late-life in the United States and other countries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to including older adults, Pan et al. [ 1] reported findings for middle-aged adults who had completed 2 survey interviews during 1–2 years of follow-up in CHARLS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Middle age is also when other modifiable risk factors for cognitive decline occur, such as high serum cholesterol and overweight or obese body mass index. Previous research on the impact of SHS has focused on early-life development or very old adults."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence this report fills a gap in the life-course evidence base on the impact of SHS exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other recent reports of the impact of air pollution on risk of cognitive impairment/dementia [27, 28] suggest that strategies for dementia risk reduction need to focus more broadly on environmental factors that have an impact on health."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study also raises further questions and topics for investigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is limited by the restriction in sex to women and by SHS measured from husband’s smoking at home."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data are needed to confirm a similar effect of SHS on men."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Including SHS exposure at work and in other places would give a fuller picture of the impact of SHS on cognitive impairment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The longer-term follow-up of the participants who did not have cognitive impairment at baseline would help further clarify the causal effect of SHS on cognitive impairment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Adjustments in the data analysis including other important confounding factors, such as body mass index and stroke, would help assess the extent to which SHS increased the risk of cognitive impairment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The interaction between SHS and other known risk factors for dementia, such as the apolipoprotein ε4 genotype, and other vascular risk factors also needs exploration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Concomitant neuroimaging data would provide information on whether smoking and SHS have similar impacts on vulnerable brain regions and the accumulation of tau and amyloid pathology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Further follow-up of the sample for incident Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia would also allow for evaluation of how these results translate into risk factors for dementia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reversibility of risk associated with SHS is not known."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One study of older adults on a smoking cessation program found that successful quitters showed reduced brain atrophy compared with unsuccessful quitters, and they also had cognitive trajectories more similar to never smokers in a control group [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However there appears to be a lack of data on removal of the risk of SHS and subsequent impact on cognitive function."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SHS exposure differs from many other behavioral risk factors for chronic disease because individual behavior affects others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Infants, children, or those with low mobility may be unable to move away from environments with SHS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Adults with dementia or cognitive impairment may have a higher level of SHS exposure within the home because they may be less mobile or not recognize the harmful effects of SHS, compounding effects in this group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This raises questions about public responsibility for exposure to SHS and the role of governments in regulating exposure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Australia, laws governing SHS exposure have been instituted to protect children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, adults are not allowed to smoke while driving with children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most jurisdictions also prohibit smoking in workplaces, on public transport, on airplanes, and in restaurants."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, although Chinese legislation has called for a ban on smoking in all public places over the last few years, progress has been hindered by the high prevalence of smoking [10], and there has been limited reduction in the prevalence of SHS exposure in China [30]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the past, health concerns in relation to SHS have focused on cardiorespiratory diseases and cancer risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, there is now evidence that exposure to SHS is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment, probably also including dementia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At present, 93% of the world’s population live in countries that are not fully covered by smoke-free public health regulations, and 35% of people in the world are exposed to SHS [31]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__critique__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given the prevalence and length of exposure of this potential risk factor for cognitive decline, both education and regulatory approaches appear warranted to protect the future brain health of current populations, thus reducing the epidemic of dementia in the world."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_230__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The commentary with in-depth and broad perspectives by Anstey and Chen [1] provides a precise assessment of the strengths and limitations of our longitudinal study on secondhand smoke (SHS) and cognitive function among women in mid- and late adulthood in China [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with their conclusions that the most important strength of our current study is that it provides new evidence on the risk of SHS for cognitive decline from a life-course perspective, using population-representative data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most existing literature focuses either on the influence of active smoking or on very old adults."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We believe ours is the first investigation providing life-course evidence for cognitive function in relation to household SHS exposure for middle-aged or older women in China."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Findings of our study strengthen the view that exposure to household SHS can hasten the onset of cognitive impairment for Chinese women and affirms middle age as a crucial period for risk reduction intervention [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We also agree with Anstey and Chen’s comment that our study suggests that long-term environmental exposure to factors such as SHS, even at a minimal level, cumulatively results in cognitive decline and in disparities in the health of women and children [1, 3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This life-course evidence might be replicated in the United States and other countries in order to investigate environmental risks for dementia incidence in late life [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_230__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__response__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anstey and Chen pointed out that our study did not find a significant association between SHS and mental status, perhaps because the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) has a ceiling effect and may lack sensitivity to detect cognitive impairment in normal aging [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by Mitchell suggests that the ceiling effect means that “MMSE may not perform well in people with mild cognitive impairment and the test is only marginally impaired in the detection of mild dementia as compared to detection of moderate to severe dementia” [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mitchell’s study also shows that MMSE performs best when screening, separating individuals with dementia from healthy cognitively unimpaired individuals, based on results from 108 studies [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the MMSE was used for dementia screening rather than diagnosis, and our study aimed to assess the association between cognitive function in memory and mental status and SHS rather than grading the severity of cognitive impairment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For this purpose, cognitive function measured by MMSE scores in our study is adequate, especially given a lower educational level among our study population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We fully agree with Anstey and Chen that the single tool of MMSE is not sufficient to test cognitive function, and a more extensive neuropsychological and clinical evaluation should be included in CHARLS as well as in future studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As we suggested in our discussion, future research could include additional observed or biological measures of SHS and cognitive functioning to improve the precision of measurement [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_230__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "230", "paragraph_id": "triad_230__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, we applaud Anstey and Chen for their suggestion that further investigation should substantiate the effect of SHS on both sexes, examine SHS exposure outside households, and explore the moderation effect of smoking cessation on SHS and cognitive function over the life course [1, 5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_230__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such studies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of SHS on cognitive impairment, to guide educational and regulatory interventions to reduce the prevalence of dementia globally."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_230/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2784133364_W2784277005_W2784056029", "triad_name": "triad_230", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_230__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study is a register-based, case-control study where the study base consists of all women in Stockholm and Gotland counties in Sweden between 1976 and 1999, who were gain- fully employed according to any of the censuses performed during 1960-1990."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The subjects entered the study base either in 1976 or on their 15th birthday, whichever came first, and were followed through 1999 or to the time of breast cancer diagnosis, if that came before 1999."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All cases of breast cancer in the study base were identified through the Regional Cancer Registry in Stockholm, one of the six regis- tries responsible for recording cases of cancer and reporting them to the National Swedish Cancer Registry that thereby covers more than 98 percent of all incident cancers in Sweden (19)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A referent year was defined as the year of the case's diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Controls were selected randomly by age and calendar year from the Register of the Total Population, operated by Statistics Sweden."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "With the use of the national registration number that is unique to each individual in Sweden, all subjects in the study could be linked to other Swedish registers in order to obtain required information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Controls were allowed to be selected only once, and cases could not be selected as controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The cases and eligible controls had to be resident in Stockholm or Gotland County at the referent year but not during the whole study period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The exposure assessment was based on information about occupation obtained from the censuses performed by Statis- tics Sweden in 1960, 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Information about magnetic field exposure was assessed by linking a new job-exposure matrix developed from an elec- tromagnetic field measurement program performed in Stock- holm County between March 2001 and October 2002 to the occupational codes in the censuses (18)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The new job-expo- sure matrix includes 49 of the most common occupations among women in Stockholm County and covers about 85 percent of the gainfully employed women according to the 1980 census."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The measurements were made with personal magnetic field meters (Emdex Lite; Enertech Consultants, Campbell, California) that volunteer women in the different occupations carried on a belt by the hip for 24 hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "During the measurement periods, the subjects kept a diary of their whereabouts from which time spent at work could be abstracted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The number of measured subjects in each occu- pation varied between five and 24."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The meter recorded the exposure every fourth second, and a number of parameters describing different aspects of the exposure were calculated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0002__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In this study, we evaluated the time-weighted average, maximum values, short-term variations (rate of change), and the proportion of the workday spent in levels exceeding 0.3 µT. The rate of change (RC), a measure of the short time variability of the exposure, was calculated as follows:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "RC (µT/4 seconds) = , where M 1 and M 2 are successive magnetic field measure- ments registered every fourth second, and n is the number of measurements in a given time period (5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To reduce the influence of individual extreme values, we used the geometric mean and the median when summarizing the parameters over occupations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The exposure described as the geometric mean of the time- weighted average was divided into four categories: <0.10 µT, 0.10-0.19 µT, 0.20-0.29 µT, and ≥0.30 µT. The cutpoints were chosen to enable comparison with previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on the assumption that magnetic fields act as a tumor promoter (1), exposure at the last census providing information on occupation was investigated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To further eval- uate different time windows for exposure and to compare with results from previous studies, we analyzed exposure at least 10 years before the referent year and exposure before the age of 35 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The study period was split in two parts to evaluate exposure before and after 1985, assuming the measurements to be more accurate for the later period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The year 1985 was the census year that most closely splits the study period in half."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Ever versus never being exposed was defined as ever holding an occupation with magnetic field levels at or above 0.30 µT compared with never having an occupation with more than 0.10 µT. Finally, we investigated the effect of being exposed to ≥0.30 µT in at least two, three, or four consecutive censuses prior to the referent year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a sensitivity analysis aimed at reducing potential misclassification of the exposure caused by variation in the exposure within an occupation, we performed analyses for a subset of the occupations using the following definition: An occupation was considered as having low exposure if the median of the measurements within the occupation was 0.10 µT or less and the third quartile was lower than 0.17 µT; we similarly defined an occupation as having high exposure if the median was 0.25 µT or more and the first quartile was"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/161/3/250/127045 by McGill University School of Law user on 16 May 2024 252 Forssén et al. Am J Epidemiol 2005;161:250-259 higher than 0.17 µT. In this way, the exposure contrast between the occupations was increased."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rationale for these cutpoints was driven by the exposure distribution of the individual measurements on which the job-exposure matrix was based and chosen to refine the exposure to include only occupations that overlap as little as possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The distribution of the occupations is described in detail elsewhere (18)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the maximum values, we used the cutoff points 1.5 µT, 2 µT, and 3.5 µT, and for the rate of change, we used 0.05 µT/4 seconds, 0.07 µT/4 seconds, and 0.12 µT/4 seconds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These cutoff points followed the 10th, 50th, and 90th percen- tiles of the distribution among the controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The proportion of time spent above 0.30 µT was analyzed with cutoff points following the 10th, 50th, 90th, and 95th percentiles (6, 10, 35, and 40 percent of the workday)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The confounding factors that we evaluated were socioeco- nomic status, age, referent year, number of children, and age at first birth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The information about socioeconomic status was obtained from the censuses and was categorized as shown in table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both age and referent year influence the breast cancer risk and, since their distributions varied between categories of magnetic field levels, they were considered potential confounding factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The socioeco- nomic status also varied between levels of electromagnetic field exposure but is more complicated as a confounder, since it is partly derived from the occupation and could be regarded as a step in the causal pathway and argued not to be controlled for (20, 21)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is, however, no reason to believe that the actual exposure (magnetic fields) in any way would affect the formation of the socioeconomic index and, since high socioeconomic status is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer, we found it relevant to evaluate socioeco- nomic status as a potential confounder."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For women born in Sweden in 1932 or later, reliable infor- mation about the age at first child and number of children (including stillbirths) was available from the multiple-gener- ation registry operated by Statistics Sweden."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Parity at the referent year was categorized as nulliparous, one, two, three, four, or five or more children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Age at first child was catego- rized as less than 21 years, 21-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, or 35 years or more."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Analyses on socioeconomic status and parity in this subgroup were performed both to ensure coherence with previous studies and categories chosen there- after (22) and also to evaluate potential confounding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We performed age-specific analyses using the categories less than 50 years and 50 years or more as a crude categori- zation for menopause."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Estrogen receptor status was available through the Regional Cancer Registry for about 64 percent of the cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During the study period, all of the hormone receptor assays were done at one laboratory at the Karo- linska Hospital, Stockholm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A case was considered estrogen receptor positive when the estrogen receptor content of the primary tumor was 0.05 fmol or more per µg of DNA (which corresponds to 2-3 fmol/mg of protein)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To determine risk (odds ratio), we used logistic regression models in SAS version 8.2 software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The random variation was assessed by 95 percent confidence intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The potential confounding variables were included one at a time for evaluation in the model, and the results are presented as both crude and adjusted odds ratios."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Wherever possible, the variables were evaluated as both continuous and categorical."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since contin- uous variables in a logistic regression model assume an expo- nential relation between the variable and the outcome, the variables were first analyzed as categorized data and expo- nential trends were explored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "No such trends were discovered and, since the large number of subjects allowed for many variables, the categorical approach was kept."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 gives the number and percentage of cases and controls according to age, estrogen receptor status, and completeness of information regarding exposure and confounding variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 1 percent missing information about occupations are women that, according to the census variables, were employed but had no information about type of occupation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Exposure information was available for about 90 percent of the subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The difference in number of subjects between cases and controls with information on parity (36.8 percent for cases and 49.9 percent for controls) is due to the fact that the controls were selected with equal numbers over the age strata and not according to the age distribution among the cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Analyses on socioeconomic status and parity are shown in table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The estimates for these variables follow well-estab- lished patterns with higher risks for higher social groups compared with lower (unskilled manual workers), lower risks for women with many children, and higher risks for those who had their first child at an older age (22)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Informa- tion about parity was available only for women born in Sweden in 1932 or later, and in this subgroup we evaluated the effect of confounding from parity and socioeconomic status on the observed association between magnetic field exposure and breast cancer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Adjustment for number of chil- dren and age at first birth had no effect on the odds ratios (not shown), and therefore we present results only for the total number without adjustment for parity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 3 displays the results for magnetic field exposure for the last census providing information on occupation prior to the referent year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The average time to referent year was 7.6 years, with the interquartile distribution (quartile 1, median, and quartile 3) of 2, 5, and 11 years, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The data were stratified according to age at referent year (<50 and ≥50 years) and estrogen receptor status (estrogen receptor posi- tive and negative) and are presented in table 3 as both crude and adjusted odds ratios for the confounding factors that had an effect on the risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the crude analyses, the odds ratios were below unity for many subgroups but, in the adjusted model, the odds ratios were close to unity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the highest exposure category (≥0.30 µT), the adjusted odds ratio for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer was 0.94 (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 1.22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of the potential confounding factors, age and socioeconomic status were more important than the referent year, although each contributed somewhat to the change in the risk estimates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For women without information on estrogen receptor status, the results were similar (not shown)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results from using the categorization with more extreme exposure contrasts are shown in table 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The expo- sure variation within these occupations was overlapping only with, at the most, 25 percent of their upper or lower range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In spite of the refined categorization, the odds ratios in these analyses were also close to unity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The exposure defined as time-weighted average was further evaluated for different time windows as shown in table 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No associations were found for exposure experi- enced at least 10 years before the referent year or for post- menopausal women (≥50 years) exposed before age 35 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The odds ratios for women highly exposed before 1985 were slightly lower than those for women exposed after 1985, although all odds ratios were close to unity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Table 5 also shows the odds ratios for breast cancer in relation to exposure parameters other than the time-weighted average."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No associations were found for exposure defined as maximum values, short-term variation (rate of change), or the proportion of time spent in fields of 0.30 µT or more."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Having any occupation with exposure of 0.30 µT or more in at least four consecutive censuses prior to the referent year, which corresponds to 15-20 years, was not associated with an increased risk for breast cancer (table 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Defining exposure as ever having an occupation with magnetic field exposure of 0.30 µT or more did not show any increased risks (data not shown)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study provides no evidence for an increased risk of breast cancer among women working in occupations with high magnetic field exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The size of the study also gave odds ratios with high precision in most subgroups, but no associations were found regardless of exposure cutpoint, choice of exposure parameter, or whether the analyses were stratified by age and estrogen receptor status."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study has several strengths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is population based, and the controls were selected at random from the population, minimizing the risk for selection bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Exposure information was collected from census registries covering the total popu- lation, and therefore the participation of cases and controls was almost complete."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The information in the Regional Cancer Registry is of high quality, and less than 2 percent of the breast cancer cases are not covered by the register (19)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Estrogen receptor status was not available for 46 percent of the cases; however, the results did not differ between women"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The major concern in the study is exposure misclassifica- tion, even if exposure assessment has been improved compared with previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are a limited number of measurements within each occupation, and the measure- ments were performed later than the actual exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is likely that magnetic field exposure may have changed over time in some occupations, but separate analyses of exposures occurring before and after 1985 did not indicate any major impact of exposure misclassification due to changes in the exposure over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the information about occupation is based on census data every fifth year, and we have no information about occupation between the census years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our results did not indicate that being exposed during up to four consecutive censuses was associated with any risk increase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Too few women were exposed during five or six censuses to allow meaningful analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The exposure parameter that might be biologically rele- vant is unknown, but the most commonly used is the time- weighted average, which we evaluated in several analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other suggested parameters are peak values, short-term vari- ations in exposure magnitude, and time spent at different exposure levels."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We investigated all of the discussed param- eters but found no increased risks for any of them."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Several different time windows for the exposure were also explored: exposure close in time prior to diagnosis, exposure with a 10-year time lag, and exposure before age 35 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "None of them showed any tendency for elevated risks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have evaluated and controlled for several important confounding factors, but we cannot exclude the possibility that some other occupational risk factors for breast cancer are more prevalent in occupations unexposed to magnetic fields, which could hide a possible association with magnetic field exposure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, there are hitherto no established occupational risk factors for breast cancer that are likely to explain the lack of association."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In previous epidemiologic studies of magnetic field expo- sure and breast cancer, the exposure has been derived mainly from three different sources of magnetic fields: power lines near the residence, use of electric blankets, and occupational exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The studies performed before 1999 have been evaluated in two reviews (8, 9) and in an evaluation of the carcinogenicity of nonionizing radiation in the extremely low-frequency range by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The majority of the studies on elec- tric blankets have shown no effects and, for residential expo- sure, positive findings were restricted to subgroups where the number of exposed subjects was limited and where chance could be a possible explanation for the observed risk increase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, it is possible that findings in subgroups are reported more frequently if they are positive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "More recent studies of residential exposure (23-25) and use of electric blankets (26) have not reported increased risks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 5, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The studies on occupational magnetic field exposure have showed more varying results, with several studies reporting elevated risks for industrial and electrical occupations, tele- phone installers, telegraph operators, and radio operators (8, 9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These types of occupations are, however, not very common among women (18), and the number of exposed cases is therefore generally low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, women and men with the same occupational title might not have the same expo- sure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lack of data on occupational magnetic field expo- sure among women has raised concern in previous occupational studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The crude and uncertain exposure assessment could have caused considerable exposure misclassification and a dilution of possible effects toward unity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If this were true, one would expect that improvements of the exposure assessment would give higher risk estimates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An attempt to improve the exposure assessment based on actual measurements was made by van Wijngaarden et al. ( 14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They found an increased risk for premenopausal women and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer associ- ated with long duration of high occupational exposure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, despite the improvements, the highest exposure category was defined as \"industrial workers,\" a broad occu- pational group, and the authors suggest that the association could be explained by some other risk factors for breast cancer among industrial workers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In two other recent studies where elevated risks were found, the highest exposure category comprised textile workers (15, 17), an occupational group believed to be highly exposed to magnetic fields (27, 28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Seamstresses are included in the new job-exposure matrix but had an average exposure of 0.16 µT and were hence not included in the highest exposure category."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this study, the odds ratio of breast cancer for women having textile occupations compared with women in occupations with exposure of less than 0.10 µT was 1.37 (95 percent CI: 1.11, 1.68) and, compared with women in all other occupations (irrespective of magnetic field exposure), the odds ratio was 1.33 (95 percent CI: 1.10, 1.62)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These results suggest that the increased risk for breast cancer in these occupations might be related to some exposure other than magnetic fields."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our previous study of occupational magnetic fields and breast cancer (12), we based the exposure assessment on a job-exposure matrix developed from measurements performed on men (29)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In that study, we found an increased risk of 1.5 (95 percent CI: 0.6, 3.5) in the group of highly exposed (≥0.25 µT) women aged less than 50 years and of 3.6 (95 percent CI: 0.7, 18.1) for young women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both odds ratios are imprecise, because exposure information was missing for many of the occupations typically held by women, which limited the number of subjects available for analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With the new job-exposure matrix developed for this study, both the validity of the exposure assessment and the precision were greatly improved, and an equal or even higher odds ratio would have been expected if the previously found risk increase was real."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since no elevated risks were found in any subgroups in this study, it is most likely that the elevated risk in our earlier study was caused by random variation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study presented here is one of the largest studies ever on occupational electromagnetic field exposure and breast cancer risk, with an exposure assessment greatly improved compared with previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This allowed us to estimate breast cancer risk with great precision also in subgroups where increased risks have been suggested in previous studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The findings give no support to the hypothesis that magnetic field exposure increases the risk of female breast cancer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_98__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Can we close the book on the issue of magnetic fields and breast cancer?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No. This is the rational answer to a question possibly implied by the very large study by Forssén et al., which found \"no evidence for an increased risk of breast cancer among women working in occupations with high magnetic field exposure\" [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, that this—and prior studies—did not detect an increased risk does not readily imply that there is none."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_98__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here is why: In studies of possible links between nonionizing radiation and breast cancer, exposure misclassification is of paramount concern."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their introduction, Forssén et al. [ 1] start out from the so-called melatonin hypothesis that suggests a biologically plausible and credible [2] mechanism for possible causal associations between exposures to extremely-low-frequency electric and/or magnetic fields and breast cancer in women via impaired pineal secretion of melatonin [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A \"lack of melatonin can reasonably be anticipated to be a human carcinogen\" [4], and \"this hypothesis has thus far withstood 15 years of critical scrutiny and empirical research, inside the laboratory and out in the epidemiologic field\" [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While it is to the credit of Forssén et al. that they improved assessment of women’s exposure to magnetic fields, it must be emphasized that the study’s underlying hypothesis implicates two distinct frequencies: extremely-low-frequency electric and/or magnetic fields and visible light."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of the two, light inhibits melatonin much more strongly and more reproducibly than magnetic fields may."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It follows that light could be a much more likely culprit—at work and at home—than magnetic fields [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_98__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intriguingly, findings from first studies of blind people and of shift workers are compatible with the notion that visible light may affect breast cancer risks; that is, risks may be reduced in the blind [7-11] and increased in female shift workers [12-15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Importantly, light could be a significant cause of breast cancer because the ubiquitous nature of visible radiation implies the possibility that even small risk elevations could lead to a substantial population burden."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, since the possibly strong risk factor light was not controlled for, it remains conceivable that magnetic fields do increase breast cancer risks but that this effect has been assessed erroneously in many (or all) epidemiologic studies to date."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To illustrate this crucial point with a provocative analogy: we would be prone to miss, underestimate, or overestimate possible effects of most known lung carcinogens if we did not control for differential smoking habits in study subjects [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_98__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A look at experimental work may be important here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In recent years, Thun-Battersby et al. [ 17] were able to substantiate earlier observations that magnetic field exposures enhance the development and growth of mammary tumors in the 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) model of breast cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Experimental work could also explain why a similar study conducted in the United States yielded different results, in particular because the substrains of rats used in the two laboratories differed in their susceptibility to DMBA-induced mammary cancers [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Possibly, the control of light (indeed, all animals were exposed to the same light regime) may have allowed the experimental researchers to detect magnetic field effects that could be masked in the existing epidemiologic studies by uncontrolled light exposures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_98__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It remains to be emphasized that if we decide to find out whether the melatonin hypothesis and associated predictions are valid, epidemiologic studies must collect information about magnetic fields and light [6]. If we continue to rely on exposure assessments of magnetic fields alone, investigations shall not be sensibly interpretable and the important question for public health concerning whether magnetic fields and/or visible light may increase breast cancer risks will not be answered convincingly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_98__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Dr. Erren [1] for his comments about our study [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dr. Erren discusses the possibility that exposure to light at night might confound the results found for extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields in relation to breast cancer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The hypothesis that light at night might increase breast cancer risk through a mechanism involving suppression of the hormone melatonin is very interesting and has been addressed in studies of, for example, shift workers [3-5] and the blind [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At present, the evidence in favor of this hypothesis is suggestive but not very strong regarding either the effect of light at night on breast cancer risk or a possible protective effect of melatonin on breast cancer development [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the hypothesis is intriguing, and we continue to follow this research area with great interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_98__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our study [2], we were unable to adjust for exposure to light at night because of a lack of data, but we believe it is unlikely that doing so would substantially change the results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To our knowledge, no study has investigated the association between light at night and exposure to occupational electromagnetic fields, but there is nothing that hitherto indicates an existence of such a relation that could mask a risk from electromagnetic fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, epidemiologic studies that have investigated light as a risk factor for breast cancer have observed an increase in risk that is very moderate and not entirely consistent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At most, risks of twofold or less have been reported, substantially lower than those for the association between smoking and lung cancer, as Dr. Erren [1] brought up as an example."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Exposure to light can therefore not be considered a \"potentially strong\" risk factor for breast cancer, should the effect be real."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_98__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "98", "paragraph_id": "triad_98__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In using the experimental studies as a comparison, Dr. Erren [1] also seems to suggest an interactive effect between light and electromagnetic fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As far as we know, no studies on humans support this effect."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_98__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given the level of exposure to light common in Sweden, electromagnetic fields do not seem to affect breast cancer risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_98/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2055162416_W2166820911_W4251605857", "triad_name": "triad_98", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_98__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Astrophysical ionizing radiation events affect the Earth episodically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Effects come from the Sun through flares and solar proton events as well as interstellar supernovae and gamma-ray bursts (reviewed in Melott and Thomas, 2011)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Much of the interest regarding terrestrial effects has centered on major mass extinctions (e.g. Melott et al., 2004; Melott and Thomas, 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Extreme events may eliminate all higher life on Earthlike planets, but are unlikely to cause complete global sterilization (Sloan et al. 2017)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, less intense effects are also possible (e.g. Knipp et al., 2018), more frequent and therefore more likely to have extant evidence, and still interesting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a great deal of accumulated evidence for supernovae (SN) moderately near the Earth (Knie et al., 2004; Fry et al., 2016; Mamajek, 2016; Melott, 2016; Wallner et al., 2016; Breitschwerdt et al., 2016; Binns et al., 2016; Fimiani et al., 2016; Ludwig et al., 2016; Erlykin et al., 2017)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the strongest signal is of an event about 2.6 Ma, which coincides within the uncertainties to the Pliocene-Pleistocene (PP) boundary, it may well be a series beginning as long as 7 Ma related to the evacuation of the Local Bubble, a large cavity in the interstellar medium (Breitschwerdt et al., 2016)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The possible terrestrial effect of a nearby SN has long been of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "More recently, new information on prompt and early emissions from SNe as well as the timing and distance of relatively recent proximate SNe were used as input in a series of computations (Thomas et al., 2016; Melott et al., 2017)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although early work focused on ozone depletion from photon and cosmic ray (CR) irradiation, we have found additional increased importance for the extended arrival of cosmic rays."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We will not repeat here the description of those computations, except for a brief summary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We refer the reader to Melott et al. ( 2019) for a summary or to Melott et al. ( 2017) for more detail."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We assumed a SN of the most common type IIP to have taken place about 2.6 Ma, at a distance of 50 pc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is taken to be representative, and possibly a member of a series."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Local Bubble had been already formed and the magnetic field is assumed to have been largely expelled and residing within the walls of this structure, which would reflect cosmic rays back into the interior, extending the irradiation time for the Earth."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cosmic ray propagation in the turbulent field leads to a time-dependent flux at the Earth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We use here the CR flux for case B as computed in Melott et al. ( 2017) at 100y after the arrival of the first photons, and assume that magnetic reflection off the walls will later keep a similar flux inside the cavity of the Local Bubble."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The flux of cosmic rays is greatly increased beyond normal levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For many decades, the primary effect considered for terrestrial life from a nearby SN was ozone depletion (Gehrels et al., 2003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We computed this effect based on a series of studies beginning with Thomas et al. ( 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Melott et al. ( 2017), it was estimated that these events would produce about a 50% increase in UVB at the surface, with a range of potential biological impacts (Thomas 2018)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Muons are highly penetrating elementary particles which penetrate up to a km in the ocean, but still by virtue of their large numbers constitute the primary component of irradiation from cosmic rays at the Earth's surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The large increase in cosmic rays following a nearby SN leads to a similar large increase in muon flux at the Earth's surface (Melott et al., 2017) and in the top km of the oceans (Melott et al., 2019)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our previous work argued that a megafaunal extinction around the PP boundary (Pimiento et al., 2017) may have been induced by increased muon flux in the top few hundred meters of ocean (Melott et al., 2019)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this short paper, we discuss additional substantial effects which could also indirectly have had a major effect on the biota, including the evolution of our species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Atmospheric ionization and dissociation from cosmic rays and their subsequent showers of elementary particles led to the ozone depletion mentioned earlier."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ionization may also have had other effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Atmospheric ionization was computed using tables from Atri et al. ( 2010), originally generated by CORSIKA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "CORSIKA (COsmic Ray SImulations for KAscade) is a package combining high- and low-energy interaction models with a specialized scheme for transport in air."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The version used for atmospheric ionization was EPOS 1.61, UrQmd 1.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This gives ionization rate (ions cm -2 s -1 ) as a function of altitude for various primary proton energies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The tables in Atri et al. ( 2010) give ionization for primaries with energies from 300 MeV to 1 PeV (10 15 eV) from the ground to 90 km."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We used here primary proton energies between 1 GeV and 1 PeV. The ionization rate as a function of altitude was created by convolving the CR flux from Melott et al. ( 2017) with tables from Atri et al. ( 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Figure 1 we show the energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays at the present time and at 100 y after the receipt of the first photons from a supernova at 50 pc (Melott et al., 2017)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the computations had open boundary conditions, we expect that the environment would be reflective due to the compression of the magnetic field in the walls of the Local Bubble."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given the size of the structure, long duration of the flux at the 100 y level would be expected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The units are such that equal areas in this plot imply equal amounts of energy deposition at the Earth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Normally, high energy cosmic rays are too low in flux to contribute much to atmospheric ionization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So, besides an overall increase in cosmic ray flux, there is a unique predominance of high energy primaries in the CR flux, up to about a PeV, which are normally not very important for atmospheric ionization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is important to understand the consequences of this change."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 2 shows results of our analysis of the ionization effects of cosmic ray primaries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We show the ionization flux (ions generated per area per time) per GeV of total incident cosmic-ray energy as a function of altitude and primary energy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is important to notice that the ionization rate is plotted per GeV unit of primary energy, not per primary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, the expected simple increase in ionization due to more energy per primary is factored out. But, an increase is still seen, particularly in the troposphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This increase is due to the greater penetration of the high energy cosmic rays in the atmosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This will have consequences for activity in the troposphere; our primary interest here is lightning, especially cloud-to-ground lightning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "An energy of 1 GeV is representative of the majority of usual galactic cosmic ray primary protons, while the 10 GeV and 10 6 GeV energies bracket the range most affected by the SN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In the lowest 2 km bin in our model, ionization caused by the higher energy primary protons (the range associated with SN CRs) is about two orders of magnitude higher than that caused by the lower energy associated with galactic CR primaries."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0014__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "There is a great potential for major changes of weather near the surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Figure 3 we show the altitude profile of ionization from galactic CRs under normal conditions and at our fiducial time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( Energetic protons from the Sun mostly do not penetrate down to the troposphere and are not relevant for the issues considered here, as discussed in Usoskin et al., 2011.) The ionization \"SNCR\" in Figure 3 is computed by convolving the 100 yr, Case B cosmic ray flux as seen in Figure 1 with the ionization as a function of altitude and CR energy as seen in Figure 2."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It can be seen that there is a major difference, with ionization in the troposphere about 50 times greater than normal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For comparison we also show our computed ionization profile from the 1956 solar superflare, the hardest and most energetic in the modern era (Usoskin et al., 2011) and therefore amenable to quantitative measurement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Consequently, the great increase in TeV to PeV cosmic ray flux upon the Earth from an even moderately near supernova should have strong consequences for atmospheric physics near the surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It has been proposed that cosmic rays set off electron avalanches in the atmosphere which are the main initiator of lightning (Gurevich et al., 1999, 2008, 2009; Erlykin and Wolfendale, 2010; Chilingarian et al., 2017a; Kumar et al. 2018)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Until recently this was an eminently reasonable idea with only circumstantial evidence in its favor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of the obstacles has been the difficulty of making any in situ measurements of the processes initiating lightning."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, Chilingarian et al. ( 2017b) reported observations on Aragats Mountain, Armenia, where the cloud layer is quite low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They found a number of electron avalanches of duration less than a microsecond which were terminated by nearby lightning flashes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is a smoking gun that makes this a compelling theory, which we will take as our working model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We note here that it has been proposed that cloud cover is related to cosmic ray flux (Svensmark et al., 2017 and references therein)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since this proposal is highly controversial, we shall only mention it here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 50 times increase in atmospheric ionization in the troposphere would clearly make the breakdown and electron cascade much easier, and one could expect a great increase in lightning (e.g. Erlykin and Wolfendale, 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, the originally isotropic distribution of cosmic rays would result in showers which are much more preferentially vertical, due to the variation in atmospheric column density with angle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "So, not only would lightning be enhanced, but cloud-to-ground lightning should be preferentially enhanced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The theory of lightning initiation is not well-developed, and we cannot say that a 50-fold increase in ionization would lead to a 50-fold increase in the number of lightning events."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the potential is there for a large increase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We note that in the supernova-enhanced regime, there would be of order hundreds of high- energy primaries per km 2 per second, so that ionization would be intermediate between continuous and pulsed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One effect of increased atmospheric ionization from supernovae CRs examined ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( A.L. Melott, A.L., B.C, Thomas, and B.D. Fields, B.D. (2019b) Climate change via CO2 drawdown from astrophysically initiated atmospheric ionization?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "arXiv:1810.01995; under review; hereafter Melott et al. 2019b) was fixation of nitrogen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Normally, the nitrogen in the atmosphere is largely unavailable to the biota due to the strength of the triple bond in N2."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this reason, nitrogen must be converted into other forms; there is a large literature on the synthesis and deposition of nitrate as a side effect of atmospheric ionization and dissociation (e.g. Thomas et al., 2005)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our computations suggested that the increase in available nitrogen would be relatively small, of order 10% from the cosmic ray ionization."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, a large increase in the rate of lighting could provide a strong enhancement in the deposition of nitrate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lightning is the dominant souce of nitrogen fixation in the pre-industrial world (Schlesinger and Bernhardt 2013, Table 12.3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The computational methods of Thomas et al. ( 2005) include results from nitrate deposition, mostly in the form of rain or snow."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We estimate that it would not be unreasonable for a large increase in the pre-industrial, pre-human nitrogen flux from lightning to result in a similarly large, perhaps several times over nitrate enhancement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This might lead, as discussed in Melott et al. ( 2019b, above) to a CO2 drawdown and cooling of the climate as was observed at the onset of the Pleistocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We stress that this all depends on there being a large increase in the lightning frequency, which we are unable to estimate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lightning is the main initiator of wildfires if one excludes humans (Pausas and Keeley, 2000; Veraverbeke et al. 2017)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A large increase in lightning would again be expected to cause a large increase in the number of wildfires started."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There has been a coincident worldwide increase in the number of wildfires in since about 7 Ma (Zhou et al., 2014; Bond, 2015), which is probably responsible for the conversion of forest to savanna worldwide (Karp et al. 2018)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There has been no good explanation for this increase in fires across various continents and climatic zones (Bond, 2015)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We suggest that a global increase in lightning might provide such an explanation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The evidence for the increase in fires after impact events can be found in soot and other carbon-related sediments (Wolbach et al., 1985, 2018)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such evidence might be found here and is in fact cited in Zhou et al. ( 2014) and Bond (2015)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While impact- related fires would show a sudden spike, we would expect the SN-CR wildfires to take place over a much more extended period of time, 10 4 -10 5 y for each supernova."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conversion from woodland to savannah has long been held to be a central factor in the evolution of hominins to bipedalism, although more recent thinking tends to view it as a contributing factor (Senut et al., 2018)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, it is possible that nearby supernovae played a role in the evolution of humans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This should be borne in mind as more research is done, particularly in the initiation of lightning."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 5, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The obvious question to many is the probability of such an event in our future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The nearest apparent Type II supernova progenitor is Betelgeuse, which is likely to go off sometime in the next Myr (Meynet et al., 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, at a distance of ~200 pc, it is not likely to cause serious consequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We could be affected by a gamma-ray burst from an unseen nearby progenitor with only a few hours' warning (Medvedev and Loeb, 2013), but this is a very low-probability event."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The analysis of such events is most useful as a clue to understanding the geological past."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For technological humans, solar events are a more reasonable basis for immediate concern (Melott and Thomas, 2012; Knipp et al., 2018)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_972__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several observational studies have revealed the explosion of a supernova in the early Pleistocene at about 100 pc from the Solar System."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The proof of this explosion is based on the signature associated with Fe60 deposits in Earth’s sediments and on the Moon’s regolith."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The supernova remnant was the cause of additional input of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the Solar System."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Their propagation from the supernova remnant to Earth and the effects of the associated cascades of secondary particles triggered by their interaction with Earth’s atmosphere were analyzed by Melott and Thomas [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "According to their study and previous works cited in their article, high-energy cosmic rays (above 1 TeV) caused a 20-fold increase of irradiation by muons on Earth’s surface and on the ocean and an order of magnitude increase of the atmospheric ionization that could have lasted more than 1,000 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The increase in irradiation could have contributed to a minor mass extinction in the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition, 2.6 My ago."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Melott and Thomas [1] analyzed the climatic consequences of the increased atmospheric ionization leading to more frequent lightning and, therefore, to an increase in nitrate deposition and in wildfires."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Increased wildfires, evidenced by an increase in soot and carbon deposits over the relevant period, would have contributed to the transition from forest to savanna in northeastern Africa, long argued to have been a factor in the evolution of hominin bipedalism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this discussion, we argue that the Gauss-Matuyama Earth’s magnetic field reversal, which defines the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition [6], could have enhanced the impact of the GCRs related to the early Pleistocene supernova discussed by Melott and Thomas [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although they discussed various hypotheses concerning the interstellar magnetic field, they voluntarily neglected the variations of local magnetic fields on the impact of cosmic rays."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They base their choice on a work by Jackman et al. [ 5] in which the effect of GCRs on atmospheric chemistry is analyzed during the 1960–2010 epoch."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More specifically, Jackman et al. [ 5] showed that local magnetic field fluctuations of a factor of two at Earth’s poles over a solar cycle only have a moderate effect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These conclusions are correct only if Earth’s magnetic field has a dominant dipole component, as is the case in the present epoch analyzed in Jackman et al. [ 5] and during most of Earth’s history."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By contrast, they certainly do not apply to geomagnetic excursions and magnetic field polarity reversals, which have episodically affected Earth’s magnetic field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Paleomagnetic studies show that these events are usually short (a few thousand years) compared with the geological timescale and have occurred many times in the past but not periodically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most importantly for our discussion, during these events, the shielding provided by the magnetic field is lost, thus potentially increasing the impact of GCRs on the biosphere."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Magnetic field reversals and geomagnetic excursions are complex events during which the dipolar component of the magnetic field is unstable and weak [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In most if not all reversals, the intensity of the dipole is strongly reduced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, some reversals show complex directional changes; that is, the locations of the (virtual) geomagnetic poles change rapidly, and the polarity may swing several times before settling to normal or reverse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The whole process may last several thousand years and in some cases up to 20,000 years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reduction in magnetic field intensity and the rapid changes in the direction of the dipole have important consequences on the propagation of charged particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Low-energy cosmic rays are partly guided by magnetic field lines and, with the present dipole magnetic field that is implicitly supposed in Melott and Thomas [1], the ratio of ionospheric ionization at the poles and at the equator is almost one order of magnitude [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When the dipole field was reduced or canceled or when the virtual poles were located at low or intermediate latitudes, the intertropical zone, where African savanna is situated, could have been exposed to the direct influx of cosmic rays as the poles are today."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Gauss-Matuyama magnetic field reversal is used to define the boundary between the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs [6] and has been dated to 2.589 ± 0.003 Ma based on lacustrine sediments [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This age is compatible with the age of the supernova and associated Fe60 deposits as discussed previously."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the Gauss-Matuyama reversal has been dated precisely, paleomagnetic studies indicate that the magnetic field has been unstable for more than 10 ky around this date."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For instance, Glen et al. [ 3] reported fluctuations of the magnetic field direction indicating a total transition time of about 15 ky."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Yang et al. [ 8] made similar observations from samples collected in a different region and concluded that the transition lasted more than 11 ky."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Also worthy of interest, Goguitchaichvili et al. [ 7] estimated that, during the Gauss-Matuyama transition, the intensity of the magnetic field in southwestern Iceland was on average 14.8 ± 4.6 mT (compared with 52.1 mT today), corresponding to a decrease of the magnetic dipole moment by a factor of two."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, during the Gauss-Matuyama transition, the biosphere may have been unprotected from cosmic rays for 10–15 ky."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The increased input of GCRs associated with a supernova may also last for a few thousand years [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The impacts of the arrival of supernova GCRs and the magnetic field reversal can be combined if the two phenomena occurred at the same time, as might have been the case 2.6 My ago."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The possible effect of the partial or total cancellation of Earth’s magnetic dipole component during the Gauss-Matuyama magnetic reversal could thus be included in further work following the study by Melott and Thomas [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This effect would most probably reinforce their conclusion regarding the impact of the supernova occurring 2.6 My ago as a possible cause of the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Addendum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We acknowledge authors A. L. Melott and B. C. Thomas for their answer, and we agree with their argument that the highly energetic particles studied in their article are not influenced by the geomagnetic field deflection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We still consider that the increase of the lower-energy GCRs (abundant, e.g., in cases A and C in Thomas et al. [ 9]), which are influenced by Earth’s magnetic field, may have enhanced the cloud cover."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Empirical studies show the influence of the lower-energy GCRs (those below 20 GeV measured with neutron monitors) on the cloud cover [10], [11]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This finding is complementary to the process described in Melott and Thomas’s article with higher-energy cosmic rays, and it reinforces the conclusions regarding the influence of a nearby supernova as a trigger of a cooling of the climate and wildfires."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__critique__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As for other geological events, the Pliocene–Pleistocene transition may result from an addition of independent causes with similar consequences."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_972__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Deschamps and Mottez (hereafter DM) argue that the Gauss-Matuyama terrestrial magnetic field reversal may have left a vanishing main dipole moment to the field for a time of order 10,000 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They say this may have allowed an enhanced cosmic ray flux, boosting the effect we proposed in Melott and Thomas (2019) [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We point out that the bulk of the cosmic ray flux from a nearby supernova should be too energetic, up to a million times more energetic than the limits of deflection by the terrestrial magnetic field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In fact, only those highly energetic ones will directly reach the troposphere, relevant for cloud-to-ground lightning."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_972__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "DM argue that the Gauss-Matuyama magnetic field reversal at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary would have greatly lowered the overall ability of the Earth’s magnetic field for of order 104 years, allowing many more cosmic rays to reach the Earth’s atmosphere and surface."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is argued that this would enhance the effect we proposed earlier."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This argument is valid for most of the cosmic rays we received today, which are below a billion (109) eV (1 GeV) in energy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These cosmic rays mostly affect only the upper atmosphere directly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_972__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "972", "paragraph_id": "triad_972__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 of our paper, the input from nearby supernova have energies up to a million times greater."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Earth’s magnetic field is only effective for particles with rigidity below about 20 GV (Smart and Shea 2009) [3]; for protons this roughly 20 GeV, well below the energies to which our modeled supernova cosmic rays extend."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is the basis of their ability to penetrate to the troposphere and ionize it, and the basis of our hypothesis on the great increase of cloud-to-ground lightning. But since such cosmic rays are almost not at all deflected by the Earth’s magnetic field, they would therefore not be measurably enhanced by a magnetic field reversal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ionization of the stratosphere and ozone depletion is possible by the cosmic rays that are deflected by the terrestrial magnetic field, and might be slightly enhanced by the reversal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_972__response__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But this was not the topic of our paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_972/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3100201800_W3035766668_W3036185106", "triad_name": "triad_972", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_972__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The moduli space of a supersymmetric system is defined as the set of classically mass- less, or light, degrees of freedom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The beauty of this concept lies in the fact that much of the low-energy behaviour of the system may be encoded as geometrical features on the moduli space."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Whether the subject be string compactifications, the dynamics of gauge theories, or the interactions of solitons, the moduli space approximation provides an effective, and tractable, approach to extract the infra-red quantum properties of the system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One particularly useful geometric feature of the moduli space is the metric, describing the kinetic interactions of the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our interest in this paper will be focused on the moduli space of solitons, specifically vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this case, the relevance of the metric was first revealed by Manton who showed that geodesics on the moduli space track the classical scattering of solitons [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is common lore that for dynamics exhibiting 8 or more supercharges, the metric on the moduli space is exactly calculable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For theories with 4 supercharges or less, the metric can, in general, only be computed in asymptotic regimes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the context of solitons, both Yang-Mills instantons and monopoles preserve up to 8 supercharges and indeed exact, albeit somewhat implicit, expressions for the metrics are known using the techniques of [2, 3] 1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast, vortices preserve a maximum of only 4 supercharges, and knowledge of the metric is currently restricted to the situation where the solitons are well-separated [5, 6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, it is possible to make progress in supersymmetric quantum field theo- ries even when the moduli space metric is not known."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is because, as first empha- sised by Witten [7], many of the simplest quantities of interest depend only on topo- logical characteristics of the moduli space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, the supersymmetric bound states of solitons are related to various cohomology classes of the moduli space [7, 8] 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similarly non-perturbative contributions to BPS correlation functions, which involve integrals over the moduli space of instantons, often reduce to topological invariants [9, 10]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, for many purposes it suffices to know only crude topological information about the moduli space."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The purpose of this paper is to describe the moduli space of vortices in U(N) Yang- Mills-Higgs theories where the gauge group is broken completely by N fundamental scalar fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The theory has a mass gap and exhibits vortices, labeled by the winding number k of the magnetic field,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here we summarise our main results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We start in Section 2 with a study of the moduli space of charge k > 0 vortices which we shall denote as V k,N ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our first result concerns the real dimension of the moduli space which, using index theory techniques, we show to be"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Section 3 we present a brane construction of the vortices, from which we extract a description of V k,N as a U(k) symplectic quotient of C k(N +k) ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This quotient construc- tion is most easily described as the Higgs branch of a U(k) gauge theory with four supercharges, coupled to a single adjoint chiral multiplet and N fundamental chiral multiplets."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The moduli space V k,N naturally inherits a metric from the Kähler quotient construc- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This does not agree with the Manton metric describing the classical scattering of solitons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given our discussion above, this is neither unexpected nor an obstacle to utilising our construction for further calculations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As we shall see, the inherited metric is a deformation of the Manton metric, preserving the Kähler property, the isometries and the asymptotic form."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The parametric scaling of the dimension (1.2) is reminiscent of the moduli space of k instantons in a U(N) gauge theory, which we shall denote as I k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recall that the real dimension of the instanton moduli space is dim(I k,N ) = 4kN Moreover, those familiar with instanton moduli spaces will have recognised the quotient construction of V k,N as a truncated version of the ADHM quotient [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Section 4, we make this relationship more explicit and show that the moduli space of vortices V k,N is a complex middle-dimensional submanifold (or, since I k,N is hyperKähler, equivalently a special Lagrangian submanifold) of the resolved instanton moduli space I k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We further show that V k,N may be realised as the fixed point set of a holomorphic U(1) action on I k,N , descending from the rotations of instantons in a plane."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Section 5, we generalise this construction to vortices in U(N) gauge theories with N f = N + M flavours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For abelian gauge theories, such objects have been well studied and are known as semi-local vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the strong coupling limit these vortices become lump solutions on the CP M Higgs branch of the theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the non-abelian theory, these vortices are related to lumps in the G(N, N f ) Grassmannian sigma-model of N planes in C N f ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We denote these moduli spaces of vortices asV k,(N,M ) (note that V k,N ∼ =V k,(N,0) )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The dimension of the moduli space is,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We again give a brane construction as well as a quotient construction of the mod- uli space and explain how it can be described as the fixed point set of a (different) holomorphic action on the moduli space of instantons I k,N f ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Section 6, we consider the Yang-Mills-Higgs theory defined on the spatial non- commutative plane with [x 1 , x 2 ] = −iϑ. We describe how the moduli space of vortices changes as ϑ is varied."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We show that the moduli spaces may become singular, cease to exist, or undergo interesting topology changing transitions for different values of ϑ. We end in Section 7 with conclusions and a discussion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our starting point is the maximally supersymmetric theory admitting vortex solutions which, for concreteness, we choose to live in d = 2 + 1 dimensions with N = 4 super- symmetry 3 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our theory includes a U(N) vector multiplet, consisting of a gauge field A µ , a triplet of adjoint scalar fields φ r , r = 1, 2, 3 and their fermionic partners."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To these we couple N fundamental hypermultiplets, each of which contains two complex scalars q andq, and their partner fermions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As well as the U(N) G gauge symmetry, the Lagrangian also enjoys a SU(N) F flavour symmetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Under these two groups, the q field transforms as (N,N), whileq transforms as (N, N)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the following we take both q andq to represent N × N matrices, q = q a i ,q =q i a a, i = 1, . . . , N where the a index furnishes a representation under U(N) G while the i index refers to SU(N) F ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this notation, the bosonic part of the Lagrangian reads 4 ,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The final term in the Lagrangian is a D-term and includes a Fayet-Iliopoulos parameter ζ, which we take to be strictly positive ζ > 0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The presence of this parameter induces symmetry breaking with the unique vacuum, up to Weyl permutations, given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ground state of the theory is a gapped, colour-flavour locking phase with the symmetry breaking pattern"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The breaking of the overall U(1) G gauge symmetry ensures the existence of vortex solutions in the theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These vortices obey a Bogomoln'yi bound which is the natural generalisation of the usual abelian vortex bound [11] and may be simply determined by the standard trick of completing the square in the Hamiltonian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It will turn out that the most general vortex solutions involve only the fields q and B = F 12 , and we choose to set the remaining fields to zero at this stage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Restricting to time independent configurations, the Hamiltonian reads,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where k ∈ Z is the winding number of the configuration defined in (1.1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Choosing k > 0, the bound is saturated by configurations satisfying the first order Bogomoln'yi equations which, for once, we write with all indices explicit to emphasise their matrix nature B a b = e 2 (q a i q i† b − ζδ a b ) D z q a i = ∂ z q a i − i(A z ) a b q b i = 0 (2.4) where we have introduced the complex coordinate on the spatial plane z = x 1 + ix 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "4 Our conventions: we choose a Hermitian connection with F µν = ∂ µ A ν − ∂ ν A µ − i[A µ , A ν ] and D µ q = ∂ µ q−iA µ q. All gauge and flavour indices are implicit and assumed summed, with the exception of r, s = 1, 2, 3 which is explicit and summed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main purpose of this paper will be to study the moduli space of solutions to these equations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We denote the moduli space of charge k vortices in the U(N) Yang-Mills- Higgs theory as V k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We start with a study of the linearised equations to determine the dimension of V k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The reader uninterested in the details of the index theorem may skip to the following subsection where basic properties of V k,N are discussed, taking with them the following punchline:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section, we prove the result (2.5) by studying the fluctuations (Ȧ,q) around a given solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our method follows closely the work of E. Weinberg [12] who analysed the moduli space in the abelian case N = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The linearised Bogomoln'yi matrix equations are D a zȦz − D ā zȦ z = ie 2 2 (qq † + qq † ) D f zq = iȦ z q (2.6) and are to be augmented with a gauge fixing condition, for which we choose Gauss' law, D aȦz + D ā zȦ z = − ie 2 2 (qq † − qq † ) (2.7) which can be combined with the first of the equations in (2.6) to give"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The observant reader will have noticed the appearance of superscripts on the covariant derivatives, which are there to remind us of the U(N) G representation of the field on which they act:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before proceeding, notice that it is possible to rescale the gauge field A → A/e and coordinate z → ez to remove e 2 from the equations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The number of zero modes is therefore independent of e 2 and we use this freedom to set e 2 = 2 which simplifies the linearised Bogomoln'yi equations somewhat so they can be written as, ∆η ≡ iD ā z −q r† q r iD f z Ȧ ż q = 0 where the superscript in q r denotes the fact that the matrix q acts as right multiplica- tion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We now define the index of ∆ as J = lim M 2 →0 J (M 2 ) ≡ lim M 2 →0 Tr M 2 ∆ † ∆ + M 2 − Tr M 2 ∆∆ † + M 2 which counts the number of complex zero modes of ∆ minus the number of zero modes of ∆ † ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Let us firstly show that ∆ † is strictly positive definite, and therefore admits no zero modes by examining the norm squared of a putative zero mode"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the vanishing of the cross-terms occurs when evaluated on a solution to (2.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With all terms on the right-hand side positive definite, the last two terms ensure that X = Y = 0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus ∆ † admits no zero modes and J counts the number of zero modes of ∆. We now turn to the task of evaluating J ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For theories in which the fields have suitable fall-off at spatial infinity (faster than 1/r in our case - see the second reference in [12]), the quantity J (M 2 ) is independent of M 2 and the index J may be computed more simply in the opposite limit M 2 → ∞. It is a simple matter to derive an explicit expression for the two composite operators,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the various operators are defined as,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the . . . vanish in the M 2 → ∞ limit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Taking the trace over the adjoint action of B a causes this term to vanish, and we are left only with the left action of B on the space of N × N matrices q. We thus have,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "which counts the complex dimension of V k,N to give the promised result."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us now discuss a few basic facts about the vortex moduli space."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On general grounds, the space decomposes as, V k,N = C ×Ṽ k,N where C parameterises the center of mass of the vortex configuration, while informa- tion about the relative and internal vortex motion is contained within the 2(kN − 1)- dimensional centered vortex moduli spaceṼ k,N . Supersymmetry, and the BPS-nature of the vortices, ensures that the moduli space admits a natural Kähler metric defined by the overlap of the zero modes, L = Tr d 2 x 2 e 2Ȧ zȦz +qq † = g abż ażb (2.9) where z a are complex coordinates on V k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is the Manton metric, descending from the kinetic terms of the Lagrangian (2.3) and is such that geodesics of g describe the classical scattering of vortices [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the case of the abelian-Higgs model, N = 1, many properties of the vortices and the metric have been studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Taubes showed long ago that, as expected, the collective coordinates of V k,N correspond to the positions of k unit charge vortices moving on the plane and may be identified with the zeros of the Higgs field q [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The metric on V k,1 can be shown to be geodesically complete and although the exact form of the metric remains unknown for k ≥ 2, several interesting properties were uncovered by Samols [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Asymptotically, the metric approaches the flat metric on C k /S k where S k is the permutation group of k elements, reflecting the fact that the vortices are indistinguishable particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The interactions of the vortices resolve the orbifold singularities of C k /S k as the cores overlap."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The leading order corrections to the flat metric, which are exponentially suppressed in the separation between vortices, were recently calculated by Manton and Speight [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The moduli space of vortices in the non-abelian Yang-Mills-Higgs model does not appear to have been studied in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we make a few elementary remarks."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The dimension dim(V k,N ) = 2kN suggests that the charge k vortex again decomposes into k unit charge vortices, each of which is alloted a position on the plane together with (N − 1) complex internal degrees of freedom describing the orientation of the vortex in the SU(N) diag group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed the action SU(N) diag on the fields descends to a natural action onṼ k,N , resulting in a holomorphic SU(N) isometry of the metric g. For k ≥ 2, there is a further isometry ofṼ k,N resulting from spatial rotations of the vortices."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us examine the moduli space of a single vortex in further detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given a specific solution (B ⋆ , q ⋆ ) to the abelian vortex equations, one can always construct a solution to the non-abelian equations (2.4) by simply embedding (B ⋆ , q ⋆ ) in the upper-left corner of the N × N matrices B and q. In the case of a single vortex k = 1, acting on this configuration with the SU(N) diag symmetry sweeps out the full moduli space of solutions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the vortex embedded in the upper-left corner breaks SU(N) diag → SU(N − 1) × U(1), the vortex moduli space is V 1,N ∼ = SU(N)/(SU(N − 1) × U(1)) ∼ = CP N −1 endowed with the round Fubini-Study metric."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The only information that we still need to determine is the overall scale of the moduli space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This will be important later in matching to the instanton moduli space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Since CP N −1 is a homogeneous space, we can fix the scale by calculating the overlap of any two suitable zero modes arising from the SU(N) diag action."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For Ω(z,z) ∈ su(N), the zero modes associated to an SU(N) diag rotation are given by,Ȧ = D a Ω ,q = i(Ωq − qΩ 0 ) (2.10) where Ω → Ω 0 as |z| → ∞. The transformation of q arises because the left action is by the U(N) G gauge symmetry, while the right action is by the SU(N) F flavour symmetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The z dependence of Ω is required in order to satisfy the gauge fixing condition (2.7) which becomes"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the initial configuration embedded in the upper-left corner of B and q, these equa- tions are solved by the (N − 1) rotations,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "and it is a simple matter to compute the overlap (2.9) of the zero modes (2.10) to determine the overall radius of the moduli space to be Radius 2 Ṽ 1,N ∼ 1 e 2 (2.11) Finally, let us make a brief comment on the spectrum of vortices in the quantum theory."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the d = 2 + 1 theory with N = 4 supersymmetry, ground states of the vortices in a given sector are associated to harmonic forms onṼ k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the case of a single vortex, there are therefore χ(CP N −1 ) = N such states, implying that the vortex transforms in the fundamental representation of SU(N) diag ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now turn to the brane realisation of these vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We keep the same basic structure as Section 3, simply adding M further semi-infinite D3-branes to provide the extra flavours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We choose to add these to the right-hand NS5-brane, so the final set-up is x 3,4,5 x x 6 9 N D3−Branes NS5−Branes M D3−Branes k D1−Branes shown in Figure 3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Once again, it is a simple matter to read off the theory on the k D1-branes [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It consists of a U(k) field theory, still coupled to the chiral multiplets Z and ψ as in Section 3, but now augmented with M further chiral multipletsψ which transform in thek representation of the gauge group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We shall write,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These fields also transform under their own U(M) E flavour symmetry, so the full global symmetry group of the theory is therefore G = SU(2) R × S(U(N) D × U(M) E ) × U(1) F where the overall U(1) of the U(N) D ×U(M) E flavour symmetry lies in the U(k) gauge group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As in Section 3, we are interested in the Higgs branch of the D1-brane theory, which we denote asM k,(N,M ) ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This Higgs branch is expected to be isomorphic to the vortex moduli space,V k,(N,M ) ∼ =M k,(N,M ) ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us examine the Higgs branch in more detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is given by a U(k) quotient of C k(N +M +k) , parameterised by Z, ψ andψ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The D-term moment map is D m n = N i=1 ψ m i ψ i† n − M w=1ψ m† wψ w n − [Z, Z † ] m n − rδ m n = 0 (5.27) where we have, for once, abandoned the summation convention in order to highlight the ranges of the various indices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The D-term imposes k 2 real constraints which are augmented by the restriction to U(k) invariant coordinates."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus the real dimension of the Higgs branch is dim(M k,(N,M ) ) = 2k(N + M) in agreement with the vortex moduli space."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The symmetry group G imprints itself as a holomorphic S(U(N) × U(M)) × U(1) isometry of the Higgs branch and thus, as before, the symmetries of the metric on the Higgs branch defined by the Kähler quotient construction are the same as those of the Manton metric."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, as in Section 3, here the agreement stops."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, the metric onM k,(N,M ) defined by the Kähler quotient construction is finite, and sees nothing of the non-normalisable modes of the vortex."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given our remarks in the introduction, one would expect that for many supersymmetric problems in soliton and instanton physics, one can replace the Manton metric onV k (N,M ) with the Kähler quotient metric onM k,(N,M ) and in this manner avoid the subtleties of the non-normalisable directions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The FI parameter of (5.27) is once again related to the gauge coupling, r = 2π e 2 so that the limit in which the semi-local vortices reduce to sigma model lumps is simply r → 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Let examine how the Higgs branch changes with r."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the vortex theory described in Section 3, the Higgs branch only exists for r > 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When r = 0, the D-term (3.17) requires ψ = 0, and the metric on the Higgs branch becomes the flat, singular metric on C k /S k ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This reflects the fact that the vortices of Section 2 become point-like objects when e 2 → ∞."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, things are somewhat different for the semi-local vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this case, the moduli space is smooth for r > 0, and again develops singularities when r = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These singularities correspond to the zero size sigma-model lumps."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Yet, even for r = 0, there still exist solutions to the D-term equations (5.27) with ψ ,ψ = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These correspond to the non-singular sigma-model lumps of finite size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that for semi-local vortices the Higgs branch defined by (5.27) even makes sense for r < 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One may want to interpret this as a \"continuation past infinite coupling\" (e 2 → ∞ and then some)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the following Section we shall give a different interpretation for the regime r < 0."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us examine the claim (3.18) in more detail."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, note that the center of mass po- sition of the D1-branes, given by Z = z1, decouples from the other fields, guaranteeing that the Higgs branch decomposes as M k,N ∼ = C ×M k,N in agreement with the vortex moduli space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To make further comparisons, let us consider specific examples, starting with the description of a single vortex k = 1 in the U(N) theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this case the vortex dynamics is abelian so Z decouples and the D-term constraint reduces to |q| 2 = r where q is an N-vector."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We are left with the well known gauged linear sigma-model construction of CP N −1 , and we have,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The size, or Kähler class, of the Higgs branch is determined by the FI parameter r = 2π/e 2 in agreement with the vortex moduli space (2.11)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second example we consider is that of k vortices in the abelian-Higgs model with N = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This vortex quantum mechanics was previously studied in [19] as a matrix model for identical particles moving on the plane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Prior to that, the D-term constraints (3.17) were solved in a somewhat different context by Polychronakos [20], who showed that a given solution is uniquely determined by a set of eigenvalues for Z, up to Weyl permutations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In these two, simple cases, we have therefore confirmed that the Higgs branch and vortex moduli spaces are indeed isomorphic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We now turn to the question of the metric."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Higgs branch M k,N inherits a natural Kähler metric from the Kähler quotient construction described above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The presence of the flavour symmetry SU(N) D guarantees that this metric exhibits an SU(N) holomorphic isometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For k ≥ 2, M k,N also enjoys a U(1) holomorphic isometry, arising from U(1) F , corresponding to rotating the branes in the x 1 + ix 2 plane."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus the quotient metric on M k,N and the Manton metric on V k,N share the same isometries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Indeed, from the brane picture it is clear that the SU(N) diag and SU(N) D symmetry groups of the D3-brane and D1-brane theories, share the same origin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Do further properties of the metrics coincide?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the case of k = 1, the metric onM 1,N is the round Fubini-Study metric on CP N −1 , in agreement with the Manton metric onṼ 1,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in this case the agreement is a consequence of the symmetries of the problem."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In general, the metrics are not the same."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To see this, let us return to the case of the abelian-Higgs model with N = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Importantly, the asymptotic metric on M k,1 is the flat metric on C k /S k , in agreement with the Manton metric."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is crucial to ensure that the Higgs branch describes the moduli space of indistinguishable particles since mere topological information does not suffice (topologically C k /S k ∼ = C k as any polynomial will confirm)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, in the case of the Kähler quotient, the leading order corrections to the flat metric are power-law."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is to be contrasted with the exponential corrections of the Manton metric."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "To be concrete, consider the case k = 2, N = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The metrics on bothṼ 2,1 andM 2,1 take the form, ds 2 = f 2 (σ)(dσ 2 + σ 2 dθ 2 ) (3.19) where σ is the separation between vortices, or D1-branes, and θ ∈ [0, π) so that the moduli space looks like a cone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0046__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "For the Higgs branch, the explicit Kähler quotient construction was performed in [19] and the conformal factor is given by,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The calculation of the leading order scattering of vortices was performed in [6], and the equivalent metric onṼ 2,1 was computed to be, f 2 V (σ) ≈ 1 − λ 2 4π σ e −2σ + . . ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( 3.21) where λ is a coefficient which parameterises the asymptotic return to vacuum of the Higgs field in the solution to (2.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This coefficient is not known analytically but it was shown in [14] that T-duality between the A N singularity and fully localised NS5-branes requires a worldsheet instanton effect and holds only if λ = 8 1/4 ≈ 1.682."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is in agreement with the numerical result λ ≈ 1.683 of [15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To summarise, we see that, while the metrics on V k,1 and M k,1 are asymptotically, and qualitatively, similar they differ in the details."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The moduli spaceV k,(N,M ) of k vortices in U(N) theories with N f = (N + M) flavours is again a complex submanifold of the moduli space of instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This time we must look at I k,N f describing k instantons in U(N f ) Yang-Mills theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ADHM theory for these instantons was described in Section 4 where, obviously, we must replace N with N f ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "So, for example, the global symmetry group of the ADHM theory is,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As in Section 4, we define the submanifold describing vortices by weakly gauging a symmetry or, equivalently, by the fixed point set of a S 1 action on I k,N f ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The new ingredient here is that the U(1) action includes a component from the SU(N f ) F flavour symmetry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, it will prove to be simpler to phrase the discussion in terms of U(1) G × SU(N f ) F = U(N f ), where U(1) G ⊂ U(k) is the overall U(1) gauge symmetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To this end, consider the Cartan subalgebra of U(N f ), N f i=1 U(1) (i) F Write the associated charges as Q (i) F , where i = 1, . . . , N f ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this notation, the charge under the overall U(1) gauge symmetry is,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The theory describing semi-local vortices can be obtained from the ADHM theory by a weak gauging which gives mass to all fields carrying non-vanishing charge, Q = Q A + Q R − Q L − N i=1 Q (i) F + M i=N +1 Q (i) F and the vortex moduli spaceV k,(N,M ) is isomorphic to the fixed point set of the associ- ated U(1) action on the instanton moduli space I k,N +M ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this case, the U(1) action arises from a simultaneous rotation of the instantons in the x 3 − x 4 plane, together with a gauge rotation in U(N f )."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the above discussion has been in terms of the ADHM gauge theory, the deforma- tion also has a simple description directly in terms of the instanton moduli space I k,N ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The U(1) symmetry of the gauge theory descends to anŜ 1 action on I k,N , endowing the metric on I k,N with a Killing vectork."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This Killing vector is holomorphic, preserv- ing the preferred complex structure while rotating the remaining two."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mass terms introduced above by weakly gauging U(1) induce to a potential V on I k,N proportional to the length 2 of the Killing vector, V ∼k 2 Such potentials have been widely used in soliton physics recently (see for example [24],[25]), although usually in the context of supersymmetry-preserving tri-holomorphic Killing vectors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We therefore have a description of the vortex moduli space V k,N directly in terms of the instanton moduli space"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The zeroes of the Killing vectork are precisely the fixed points of theŜ 1 action."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The meaning of this action can be determined from the assignment of chargesQ in (4.24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recall that U(1) R × U(1) L ⊂ SU(2) R × U(1) L is the subgroup of the rotations SO(4) ∼ = SU(2) R × SU(2) L of R 4 that are left unbroken by the non-commutative deformation (4.22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We find therefore that the actionQ corresponds to rotating the instantons in the x 3 − x 4 plane, and the vortices are related to instantons which are invariant under this U(1) action."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us now turn to some examples: the moduli spaceĨ 1,N of a single instanton in U(N) non-commutative Yang-Mills is given by the cotangent bundle T ⋆ (CP N −1 ) en- dowed with the Calabi metric [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The potentialk 2 vanishes on the zero section of the bundle CP N −1 , reducing to the moduli space of a single vortexṼ 1,N ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another example: the moduli spaceĨ 2,1 of two instantons in U(1) gauge theory is the Eguchi-Hanson met- ric on T ⋆ (S 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The explicit hyperKähler quotient construction was performed in [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that this case is special sinceĨ 2,1 ∼ =Ĩ 1,2 , which is not true for k > 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the tri-holomorphic SU(2) isometry of T ⋆ (S 2 ) has a different origin in these two cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the notation of (4.23), the isometry is SU(2) F forĨ 1,2 , while it is SU(2) L forĨ 2,1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since, from (4.24), the potential on the instanton moduli space involves SU(2) L , but not SU(2) F , the vortex moduli spacesṼ 2,1 andṼ 1,2 are given by different holomorphic submanifolds of T ⋆ (S 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is a simple exercise to show that the vacua of the potential onĨ 2,1 is the two dimensional cone endowed with the metric (3.20)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the perspective of the D4-brane, the above deformation of the instanton theory involves locking the U(1) L/R symmetries tangent to the D4-brane, with the U(1) A symmetry normal to the D4-branes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is reminiscent of the twisting of the tangent and normal bundles of branes when wrapped on cycles [28]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this section, we give evidence suggesting that the two are indeed related."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To see this connection, let us first return to the brane set-up of Section 3 as depicted in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We perform a T-duality in the x 9 direction, and describe the resulting IIA string theory set-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Under T-duality, the two NS5-branes are replaced by the back- ground geometry C 2 /Z 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( The duality between NS5-branes and ALF spaces was first conjectured by Hull and Townsend [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A proof from the worldsheet sigma-model, including the breaking of translation symmetry associated to the localization of the NS5-brane, was given in [14])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The separation of the NS5-branes in the x 6 direction resolves the orbifold singularity, resulting in the background spacetime T ⋆ (S 2 ) 7 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Topo- logically, this space can be thought of as an S 1 fibration, parameterised by x 9 , over R 3 , parameterised by r = (x 6 , x 7 , x 8 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0057__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In Gibbons-Hawking coordinates, the metric takes the form,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The 3-vector r 0 resolves the orbifold singularity and, for the T-dual of Figure 1, is given by r 0 ∼ (1/e 2 , 0, 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The S 1 fiber degenerates at the two points r = ±r 0 , resulting in the Christmas cracker topology shown in Figure 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The zero section S 2 , which can be clearly seen in this picture, contains a paper hat and a 20 year old joke."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What becomes of the D-branes after T-duality? The D3-branes of Figure 1 become D4-branes with worldvolume spanning x 1 , x 2 , x 6 and x 9 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They wrap the compact S 2 , and one half of the cracker as depicted by shading in the Figure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The vortices are a little more mysterious."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Had the D1-branes in Figure 1 been infinite in the x 9 direction, they would become D0-branes in the IIA description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the D1-branes actually stretch only a fraction of the distance, we expect that they become fractional D0-branes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, such objects are usually understood in terms of a D2-D2 pair wrapping a vanishing S 2 , through which an NS-NS B-field threads in order to provide the D0- brane charge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Yet in our case the S 2 has finite size, and such an interpretation breaks down, as can easily be seen by computing the mass of such a D2-D2 pair."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It would be interesting to get a better understanding of these fractional D0-branes in this picture, and complete the relationship to the wrapped D0-D4 system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this Section, we discuss a generalisation of the vortices to U(N) Yang-Mills with N f = (N + M) flavours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Lagrangian takes the same form as previously (2.3) except the fundamental scalars are now N × (N + M) dimensional matrices"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Rather than the unique, isolated vacuum of Section 2, the theory now has a Higgs branch of vacua."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, ifq develops an expectation value, then there are no BPS vortex solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may be easily seen from an analysis of the Bogomoln'yi equa- tions, and follows from the mathematical fact truth that a line bundle of negative degree admits no holomorphic sections (see, for example, [30] for the translation)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We therefore restrict attention to the reduced Higgs branch of vacua, denoted N N,M ob- tained by insistingq = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, for abelian theories with N = 1, the Higgs branch of vacua is the cotangent bundle T ⋆ (CP M ), while the reduced Higgs branch describing the vacua which admit BPS vortex solutions is simply N 1,M = CP M ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0062__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In general, the reduced Higgs branch is the Grassmannian of N planes in C N +M ,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is a symmetric space, and we may choose to work in any of the vacua without loss of generality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We pick,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this vacuum the SU(N + M) F flavour symmetry of the theory is broken in the pattern,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The theory admits BPS vortices with the Bogomoln'yi equations taking the same form as previously (2.4) with q now interpreted as a matrix of the appropriate size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We denote the moduli space of vortices in this model asV k,(N,M ) ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that, in the notation of the previous sections, we have V k,N ∼ =V k,(N,0) ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is a simple matter to generalise the index theorem of Section 2 to the present case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We omit the details, stating only the result J (M 2 → ∞) = k(N + M)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We therefore have"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that since we have taken the limit M 2 → ∞, this computation ignores a surface term contribution which comes from fields dropping off as 1/r [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, as we shall review below, it is known that the counting (5.26) includes zero modes which are not L 2 normalisable and which one would not, therefore, expect to be included in J = J (M 2 = 0)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, these modes corresponds to collective coordinates of the semi-local vortex and we wish to keep them in our discussion, so the result (5.26) is the relevant one."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the abelian case N = 1, the vortex equations with multiple Higgs fields have been well studied in the literature, where they go by the name of semi-local vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For a review of their properties and their relationship to electroweak strings, see [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The result dim(V k,(1,M ) ) = 2k(1 + M) was previously determined from a direct analysis of the Bogomoln'yi equations in [32] and subsequently from a brane picture in [33]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An interesting feature of the semi-local vortices is that they may remain non-singular in the limit e 2 → ∞. This is in contrast to the vortices considered in Section 2 whose size scales as (e 2 ζ) −1/2 and thus become point-like objects in this limit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact, the semi- local vortices reduce to another familiar topological object as e 2 → ∞: they become sigma-model lumps (a.k.a sigma model instantons, or textures) on the reduced target space N N,M ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While the vortices are supported by Π 1 (U(N)), the lumps are supported by Π 2 (N N,M )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, the semi-local vortices of the abelian N = 1 model become lumps on CP M ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A nice description of how the metamorphosis from vortex to lump occurs may be found in [34]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0068__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, in the limit e 2 → ∞, the moduli space of semi-local vorticesV k,(N,M ) becomes the moduli space of Grassmannian G(N, N + M) lumps."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is well known that sigma-model lumps share several properties with Yang-Mills instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, they may have arbitrary size and, in the e 2 → ∞ limit, k of the collective coordinates of (5.26) may be thought of as the scales of the k lumps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the lumps may have any size, they can also shrink to a singular solution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, just like the unresolved instanton moduli spaces, the moduli space of lumps contains singularities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These singularities are removed by introducing a gauge field with a finite coupling e 2 and returning to the full vortex equations (2.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In this way, the inverse gauge coupling 1/e 2 plays a role in the vortex dynamics reminiscent of the non-commutivity parameter θ in Yang-Mills instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0069__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This similarity was previously noted in [30, 35], and we shall make the analogy more explicit in the following section."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Manton metric onV k,(N,M ) may be once again defined in terms of the overlap of zero modes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The resulting metric is Kähler and inherits a S(U(N) × U(M)) holomor- phic isometry from the surviving symmetry group (5.25), together with a further U(1) isometry from the rotational symmetry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the Manton metric onV k,(N,M ) suffers from a sickness since some of the zero modes are (logarithmically) non-normalisable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This well known problem for lumps in the CP M sigma-model [36] is not ameliorated by a finite gauge coupling e 2 as shown in [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Classically this non-normalisability ensures that certain collective coordinates (for example, the scaling size of the lump) have infi- nite moment of inertia and are thus constants of the dynamics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0070__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The non-normalisability of modes leads to subtleties when treating these objects quantum mechanically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this Section we examine our Yang-Mills-Higgs theories defined the spatial non- commutative plane [x 1 , x 2 ] = −iϑ (6.28) and ask how this deformation affects the moduli space of vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Various aspects of non-commutative vortices in the abelian Higgs model have been considered in [40, 41, 42, 43]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before recalling the results of these papers, let us start by regaling ourselves with the beautiful tale of non-commutative instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have already covered this is Section 4, but a good story is always worth retelling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was shown by Nekrasov and Schwarz [22] that a non-commutative deformation of R 4 as given, for example, in (4.22) induces a FI parameter r = 4θ in the ADHM instanton gauge theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This FI term resolves the singularities of the instanton moduli space in the manner described previously by Nakajima [23]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0072__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One may expect that a similar phenomenon occurs in our vortex theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, we have seen that the job of resolving the singularities on the vortex moduli space is already adequately performed by the gauge coupling since the FI parameter is r = 2π/e 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "So what role could the non-commutative deformation (6.28) play? To avoid undue suspense, we shall first reveal the answer, followed by a derivation, and then an analysis of the consequences."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We shall show that the effect of a non-commutative background is to change the FI parameter of the vortex theory to r = 2π 1 e 2 + ϑζ To see this, we return once more to the brane picture of Section 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We want now to deform the D3-brane dynamics so that at low energies it is described by the Yang- Mills-Higgs theory (2.3) defined on the non-commutative plane (6.28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The string theory background that achieves this feat is well known [38]: a background NS NS B field is added, with components B 12 = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We wish to understand the effect of this B field on the dynamics of the D1-strings."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact, a very similar situation was analysed by Hashimoto and Hashimoto in [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors considered the situation of a D-string suspended between two D3-branes in a background B field, a set-up which describes a monopole in non-commutative Yang-Mills."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The basic physics is very simple to describe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The background B field may be absorbed into the D3-brane as a magnetic flux F 12 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The end of the D1-brane acts as a magnetic source in the D3-brane, and therefore experiences a force due to F 12 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To see how force acts, recall that our D3-brane lies in the 0126 directions and note that F 12 = ⋆ F 06 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The magnetic end of the D-string therefore feels the same force as an electric charge in a background electric field F 06 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In other words, the string end moves in the x 6 direction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This displacement continues until the force due to the B field is canceled by the excess tension of the D1-brane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In our case, one end of the D1-brane is attached to the NS5-brane, and cannot move in the x 6 direction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0075__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The final configuration is therefore given by the tilted D-strings, as shown in Figure 4."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An analysis of the supersymmetry generators was performed in [39] which, translated to the present set-up, reveals that these tilted D1-branes continue to preserve four supercharges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The effect of this tilt on the theory on the D1-branes is to change the FI parameter r, which is now given (up to a normalisation of 1/g s - see (3.15)) by the distance between the end of the D1-brane and the left-hand NS5-brane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The displacement δ of the D1-brane from its original position was calculated in [39], and is given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With the parameters e 2 and ζ still defined in terms of the distances ∆x 6 and ∆x 9 between the NS5-branes as in (3.12), we find the promised result,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now turn to studying some simple consequences of this equation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consider first the vortices of Section 2, in which we have a U(N) gauge group with N hypermultiplets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The most striking feature is that the vortex moduli space only exists for r ≥ 0 or, alternatively, for ϑ above the critical value ϑ c ϑ > ϑ c = −1/e 2 ζ Moreover, at the critical value ϑ = ϑ c , the moduli space becomes singular."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, in the abelian case N = 1, we have V k,1 ∼ = C k /S k , endowed with the flat, singular metric at ϑ = ϑ c ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fact neither of these results are new: both were previously derived in the abelian N = 1 theories by Bak, Lee and Park by an explicit study of the solutions to the non-commutative Bogomoln'yi equations [41] (see also the phase diagram in [43])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is pleasing to see these properties reproduced from our D1-brane theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "From equation (6.29) it is also clear that vortex moduli space V k,N is non-singular in the e 2 → ∞ limit provided ϑ > 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This point was previously made in [43] and the Manton metric on V k,1 was explicitly calculated in this limit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Once again, the Manton metric differs from the metric induced on the Higgs branch by the Kähler quotient construction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0078__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "For example, in the case of two vortices, the non-commutative metric in the e 2 → ∞ limit takes the form of a cone (3.19), now with the conformal factor given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "which coincides with neither (3.20) nor (3.21)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now turn to the consequences of (6.29) for semi-local vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, note that if we set e 2 → ∞ so that we are studying the moduli space of sigma-model lumps, then the non-commutivity parameter ϑ resolves the singularities just as in the case of Yang-Mills instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similar observations were made from a field theory perspective in [44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, for semi-local vortices the moduli space defined by the D-term (5.27) continues to make sense for r < 0 or, alternatively, for ϑ < ϑ c ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, the topology of the moduli space differs for r > 0 and r < 0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, as we decrease the non-commutivity parameter ϑ past its critical value of −1/e 2 ζ, the moduli space of non-commutative vortices undergoes a topology changing transition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A familiar example of this occurs for a single k = 1 semi-local vortex in a U(2) gauge theory with 4 hypermultiplets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this case the moduli space is related to the Calabi-Yau 3-fold known to string theorists simply as The Conifold."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For r = 0, it is the singular space defined by the complex equation xy − wz = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The FI parameter resolves the singularity and we have,V"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we decrease the non-commutivity parameter ϑ to pass from r > 0 to r < 0, the moduli space of vortices undergoes a flop transition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For other values of N and M, the topology change is more dramatic and the moduli space of vortices may have different Betti numbers for r > 0 and r < 0."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, note that for ϑ < ϑ c the equation (6.29) implies a duality between different non-commutative gauge theories in the sense that they share the same moduli spaces of vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Specifically, consider the U(N) theory with N f = (N + M) flavours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The moduli space of k vorticesV k,(N,M ) is defined by the moment map (5.27) with FI parameter r given by (6.29)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For ϑ < −1/e 2 ζ we have r < 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "From the D-term (5.27) we see that the moduli space of vortices in this theory coincides with the moduli space of vortices in a U(M) gauge theory, also with N f = (N + M) flavours. ( We must also perform a parity transformation in going from the U(N) theory to the U(M) theory, so that Z → Z † )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Denote the gauge coupling of the U(M) theory as e ′2 , and the non-commutivity parameter as ϑ ′ ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0083__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Then for the moduli spaces of vortices to coincide, we simply require"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This duality is, like many, reminiscent of the (N c = N) → (N f − N c = M) duality of Seiberg."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us begin this ending with a summary of our results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have studied vortices in U(N) Yang-Mills theories with N f ≥ N flavours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These theories have a FI parameter ζ which ensures the gauge group is completely broken in the vacuum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The gauge coupling parameter is e 2 and the theories may be defined on the non-commutative plane with [x 1 , x 2 ] = −iϑ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have shown that the moduli space of charge k vortices in this theory is described by the Higgs branch of a U(k) gauge theory with four supercharges, coupled to N chiral multiplets ψ transforming in the k representation of the gauge group, N f − N chiral multipletsψ transforming in thek representation, and a single chiral multiplet Z transforming in the adjoint representation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This Higgs branch is defined by a U(k) symplectic quotient of C k(k+N f ) with moment map, [Z † , Z] + ψψ † −ψ †ψ = r (7.30) where the level of the moment map r is a FI parameter defined by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We further showed that the vortex moduli space may be constructed as a complex submanifold (or, for N f = N, a special Lagrangian submanifold) of the moduli space of k instantons in non-commutative U(N f ) Yang-Mills theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Relationships between the instanton and vortex equations have been noted in the past."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, a reduction of instantons in SU(2) Yang-Mills on R 2 × S 2 gives rise to the U(1) vortex equations [45]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While this relationship appears to share several characteristics of our correspondence, it differs in many important details."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0088__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It would be interesting to elucidate the connections between these two approaches."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we discussed in detail, the Manton metric on the moduli space of vortices does not coincide with the metric induced on the Higgs branch (7.30) by the Kähler quotient construction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, all our experience with gauge theories with four supercharges suggests that it is too ambitious an enterprise to determine the metric on the moduli space of vortices."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other, more topological, questions can be asked with greater success and the construction (7.30) provides the answers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As stressed in the introduction, these topological questions include certain quantum correlation functions in supersymmetric gauge theories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the relationship described in Section 4 between the moduli space of vortices and the moduli space of Yang-Mills instantons, one may expect quantitative agreement between topological correlation functions of two and four dimensional gauge theories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These would receive non-perturbative instanton corrections in four dimensions, and vortex corrections in two dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, it is well known that N = 1 SU(M + 1) super-Yang-Mills in four dimensions shares many features with the N = (2, 2) CP M sigma-model in two dimensions including, most pertinently, its low-energy effective action [46, 47]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A second, more quantitative, example was given in [48] where N = 2 theories in four dimensions were shown to have a spectrum of monopoles that coincides with the spectrum of kinks in certain N = (2, 2) theories in two dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both monopole and kink masses receive identical corrections from non-perturbative effects, namely Yang-Mills instantons and vortices respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__original__p0090__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It seems likely that the semi- classical reason for these agreements can be traced to the relationship between the vortex and instanton moduli spaces described here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3493__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We show that the construction of vortex solitons of the noncommutative Abelian-Higgs model can be extended to a critically coupled gauged linear sigma model with Fayet-Illiopolous D-terms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Like its commutative counterpart, this fuzzy linear sigma model has a rich spectrum of BPS solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We offer an explicit construction of the degree k static semilocal vortex and study in some detail the infinite coupling limit in which it descends to a degree k CPN instanton."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0091__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This relation between the fuzzy vortex and noncommutative lump is used to suggest an interpretation of the noncommutative sigma model soliton as tilted D-strings stretched between an NS5-brane and a stack of D3-branes in type IIB superstring theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Introduction"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A little more than a decade ago, the study of electroweak strings in a modified Abelian-Higgs theory initiated in [35] revealed a curious new vortex solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the story goes, vortices are indeed enigmatic objects [34] and the semilocal vortices found in [35] are no exception."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Firstly, standard lore holds that a non-simply-connected vacuum manifold is a necessary condition for the existence of stable, finite energy cosmic string solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If this is anything to go by, the very existence of these semilocal vortices should be called into question since the vacuum manifold of the modified Abelian-Higgs theory is S3."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Yet exist they do."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, a more consistent condition was offered in [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Semilocal vortices (actually, this holds for other defects as well) form in theories exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking and whose vacuum manifold is fibred by the action of the gauge group in some non-trivial way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this same work it was realised also that the low momentum dynamics of these vortices bear a striking resemblance to the 2-dimensional lump solutions of the CPN nonlinear sigma model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since then, this similarity between the modified Abelian-Higgs theory (a.k.a gauged linear sigma model) and the CPN (or, more generally, Grassmannian) sigma model has found itself the subject of much attention [10, 30, 40]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, much of what is known about the semilocal vortex is only asymptotic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even its descent to the lump in the infinite coupling limit is only exact at spatial infinity and suffers Skyrme term corrections at smaller radial distances."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is the allure and frustration of vortices; as simple as their defining equations seem, they are also remarkably unyielding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Until a short time ago, the only avenue toward tractable vortex equations was a curvature deformation of the background space in which the vortices live [32, 38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are, of course, not without their own puzzles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The recent renaissance in noncommutative geometry (due in no small part to the seminal work of [31]) offers new recourse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fuzzy deformations of the background space have, in only a few years, not only yielded a wealth of new solitonic solutions but also several new insights into old solutions to a host of field theories (see [4, 12, 33] for excellent reviews)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0098__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The noncommutative Abelian-Higgs model, for example, exhibits exact vortex solutions [1, 2, 23, 37] whose moduli space metric can be computed explicitly in the large noncommutativity limit [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this work we extend this idea to the (2+1)-dimensional, critically coupled, gauged linear sigma model with an N + 1 component Higgs field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The BPS spectrum of the resulting fuzzy theory is studied and, like its commutative counterpart, shown to have quite rich structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, we use an extension of the computational technique of [23] to explicitly construct a family of exact semilocal vortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As expected, our family contains the Abelian-Higgs vortices of [1, 23, 37] as well as the fluxons of [14] as special cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As suggested by the title, the metamorphosis of the semilocal vortex is of central importance in this paper."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By turning up the gauge coupling, we demonstrate conclusively, at the level of the solutions, the descent of the semilocal vortex into the instanton solution of the fuzzy CPN model of the same degree."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, unlike the commutative case, this “transmogrification” of the vortex is exact at a certain point in the parameter space of the theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we turn our attention towards the physical interpretation of the k-lump solution of the noncommutative CPN model of [22]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0101__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Without much additional work, the brane configuration in type II-B string theory that realises the fuzzy lump may be read off from the construction of [10] as tilted D-strings suspended between an NS5-brane and D3-brane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0101__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We conclude, as is conventional, with the conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. The Gauged Linear Sigma Model"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2.1 Definitions"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Among the many extensions to the Abelian-Higgs model, one of the most natural is the gauged linear sigma model with Fayet-Illiopolous D-terms [30, 40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is certainly true if the aim is the construction of a model that supports solitonic excitations saturating BPS-like bounds."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With its CN+1-valued scalar fields and U(1)N+1 gauge symmetry, the linear sigma model is a natural springboard for our discussion of the relation between noncommutative semilocal vortices, fuzzy sigma model lumps and the braney systems they are associated with."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To this end then it will prove useful to briefly review some of the ideas and notation used to extract the vortex excitations from the solution spectrum of the semilocal model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0104__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Following [30] we write the linear sigma model action as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SSL = ∫ d3x (DµΦ)(DµΦ)† + ∑_{a=1}^{N+1} (1/4e2_a)(F^a_µν)^2 + ∑_{a=1}^{N} (e2_a/2)(R_a − Φτ_aΦ†)^2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The dynamical degrees of freedom in this model are encoded in a CN+1-valued spacetime scalar Φ = (φ1, ..., φN+1) and the N + 1 U(1)-valued connection forms A^a = A^a_µdx^µ with associated curvature 2-forms F^a = dA^a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0106__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The τ^a are the N + 1 generators of U(1)N+1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0106__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The gauge covariant derivative we will take as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "D := d − i ∑_{a=1}^{N+1} τ^aA^a"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are two sets of parameters in the theory; the N + 1 coupling constants e_a of dimension (mass)1/2 and N + 1 Fayet-Illiopolous (FI) parameters R_a - effectively the vacuum expectation values of the components of Φ. Without loss of generality (and because we can always re-scale the fields to absorb them anyway) we set the latter to unity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The coupling constants we retain because they control the energy scales of the model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the temporal gauge, the static energy corresponding to the action (2.1) is"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = ∫ d2x [(D_iΦ)(D_iΦ)† + ∑_{a=1}^{N+1} (1/4e2_a)(F^a_ij)^2 + (e2_a/2)(Φτ_aΦ† − 1)^2]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For instance, in the case N = 1, following [30] the energy functional becomes (in exhaustive detail)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = ∫ d2x [(D_1Φ)(D_1Φ)† + (D_2Φ)(D_2Φ)† + (1/4e2_1)(F_ij)^2 + (1/4e2_2)(G_ij)^2 + (e2_1/2)(Φτ_1Φ† − 1)^2 + (e2_2/2)(Φτ_2Φ† − 1)^2]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the GL(2, R)-valued connections A = τ_1A_1 and B = τ_2A_2 are associated to the curvature forms F = dA and G = dB respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For our purposes, it will suffice to turn off B and e2 and take τ1 = 1/2 giving"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = ∫ d2x [(D_1Φ)(D_1Φ)† + (D_2Φ)(D_2Φ)† + (1/2e2_1)(F_ij)^2 + (e2_1/4)(ΦΦ† − 1)^2]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even under such restricted circumstances, the resulting linear sigma model is still remarkably rich [30, 40], exhibiting a wealth of solitonic structure and enjoying intimate relations with nonlinear sigma models on toric varieties."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In what follows, it will prove convenient to rewrite the energy in terms of the complex coordinates z := (x1+ix2)/√2 and ¯z := (x1−ix2)/√2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This particular normalization means that"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "∂z := ∂/∂z = (1/√2)(∂1 − i∂2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "∂¯z := ∂/∂¯z = (1/√2)(∂1 + i∂2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This in turn induces a complexification of the gauge covariant derivative so that"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dz := (1/√2)(D1 − iD2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "D¯z := (1/√2)(D1 + iD2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "when Az := (A1 − iA2)/√2 and A¯z := (A1 + iA2)/√2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0122__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are of course now GL(2, C)-valued objects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0122__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With these definitions,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = ∫ d2z [(DzΦ)(DzΦ)† + (D¯zΦ)(D¯zΦ)† + (1/2e2)(F12)^2 + (e2/2)(ΦΦ† − 1)^2]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2.2 Solitons on the Plane"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To see the emergence of the semilocal vortex in the spectrum of the gauged linear sigma model, the usual method of “completing the square” in the energy functional may be followed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After some straightforward manipulations, (2.8) may be put into the form"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = ∫ d2z [2(D¯zΦ)(D¯zΦ)† + (1/2e2)F12 + e2(ΦΦ† − 1)^2] + ∫ d2z T + ∫ d2z F12 = 2πk"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where T = ∂¯z(ΦDzΦ†) − ∂z(ΦD¯zΦ†)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0127__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As such, the second to last term is a total derivative whose integral vanishes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0127__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consequently, a nonvanishing lower bound of 2πk is established on finite energy field configurations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0127__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As usual, the bound E ≥ 2πk saturates when the first order system"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "{D¯zΦ = 0, F12 = e2(ΦΦ† − 1), ∫ d2z F12 = 2πk}"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "is satisfied."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0129__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first of these is, of course, really two equations, one for each component of the C2-valued field Φ. The equations in (2.10) form a closed system whose solutions are precisely the semilocal vortices of [16, 30, 35]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although such solitonic solutions are vortex-like in many respects, a little analysis soon reveals that their asymptotic behavior is very different from the exponential falloff of Abelian-Higgs vortices [16, 17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0130__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact the fields of the semilocal model exhibit a distinctive power-law behavior at spatial infinity, a symptom of the fact that the width of the flux tube is an arbitrary parameter of the theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0130__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This should be contrasted with Abelian-Higgs vortices where the width is controlled by the Compton wavelength of the gauge boson."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this sense, these vortex solutions are rather reminiscent of CPN instantons."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is no mere coincidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0131__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, the correspondence can be made precise in the large coupling limit in which the semilocal vortices of the U(1)N+1-gauged linear sigma model descend to the instanton solutions of a CPN nonlinear sigma model [30, 40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0131__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While this is quite clear at the levels of the action and equations of motion, its realization at the level of the solutions is marginally obscured by the fact that only the asymptotic forms of the vortex solutions are known to exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is not unlike the situation with the conventional Nielsen-Olesen vortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However this particular hurdle was recently surmounted in [1, 2, 23, 37] where a noncommutative deformation of the two-dimensional configuration space of the Abelian-Higgs model allows for the construction of exact vortex solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The fact that the noncommutative version of the theory seems so much richer than its commutative counterpart is by now not surprising [7, 8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It would seem then, that a noncommutative deformation of the base space of the two-dimensional gauged linear sigma model might offer, if nothing else, an interesting avenue to explore the construction of exact semilocal vortices."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. And then everything became fuzzy..."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conventionally a noncommutative deformation of the two-dimensional configuration space is imposed by a Moyal-deformation of the algebra of functions over R2 and implemented by replacing ordinary pointwise multiplication of functions by Moyal *-multiplication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0134__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consequently, coordinates on the noncommutative plane R2_ϑ satisfy the Heisenberg algebra"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "[xi, xj] = xi * xj − xj * xi = iθij"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where θij = ϑǫij is a nondegenerate, antisymmetric matrix of constants and ϑ is a positive deformation parameter of dimension (mass)2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0136__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In terms of the complex coordinates on R2_ϑ, the commutator [z, ¯z] = ϑ is easily seen to be isomorphic to the algebra of annihilation and creation operators for the simple harmonic oscillator."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0136__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus a function on the noncommutative space may be associated, via a Weyl transform [12], to an operator acting on an auxiliary one-particle Hilbert space H built from harmonic oscillator eigenstates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0136__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After a mild redefinition of z = √ϑ a and ¯z = √ϑ a†, the action of the coordinate operators on the basis states is given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "a |n⟩ = √n |n−1⟩, a† |n⟩ = √n+1 |n+1⟩"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "with the vacuum |0⟩ defined by a |0⟩ = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, under the Weyl map"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "∂z → −(1/√ϑ) a†, ∂¯z → (1/√ϑ) a"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "∫ d2z f(z, ¯z) → 2πϑ Tr_H Of(z, ¯z)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3.1 The Noncommutative Semilocal Model"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With this prescription at hand, the noncommutative semilocal energy functional (2.8) can be written as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E_ϑ = 2πϑ Tr_H [(Dz Φ)(Dz Φ)† + (D¯z Φ)(D¯z Φ)† + (1/2e2) F12 + (e2/2) (Φ Φ† − 1)^2]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0144", "paragraph_index": 144, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0144__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where, now Dz Φ = (1/√ϑ)(a† + C) Φ, D¯z Φ = (1/√ϑ)(a + C†) Φ and the gauge field Az = (i/√ϑ)(a† + C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0144__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As in the commutative case, this can be massaged into a Bogomol’nyi form which is saturated when the BPS equations"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0145", "paragraph_index": 145, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0145__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(D¯z Φ) = 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0146", "paragraph_index": 146, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0146__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "F12 = ϑ e2 (Φ Φ† − 1)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0147", "paragraph_index": 147, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0147__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Tr_H (1 + [C†, C]) = k"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148", "paragraph_index": 148, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "are satisfied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As in the commutative case, this is a system of three first order equations, subject to the flux constraint."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Solutions of this system will be the noncommutative generalizations of the semilocal vortex of [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the spirit of [2, 23], we begin with an ansatz for the Higgs doublet and the gauge field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0148__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To this end the most general vortex-like solution of the BPS equations which maintain the cylindrical symmetry is of the form"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0149", "paragraph_index": 149, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0149__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Φ = |I⟩ ⊗ φ1 + |II⟩ ⊗ φ2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0150", "paragraph_index": 150, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0150__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0151", "paragraph_index": 151, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0151__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "|I⟩ = (1, 0), |II⟩ = (0, 1) and"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0152", "paragraph_index": 152, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0152__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "φi = ∑_{m=0}^{∞} f^{(i)}_m |m⟩⟨m + q^{(i)}|"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0153", "paragraph_index": 153, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0153__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "C = ∑_{m=0}^{∞} g_m |m⟩⟨m + 1|"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0154", "paragraph_index": 154, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0154__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Without loss of generality all coefficients are taken to be real."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0154__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The construction of exact vortex solutions to the semilocal model now hinges on determining the various coefficients in the above ansatze that satisfy the appropriate boundary conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0154__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In terms of the coefficients f_n ≡ f^{(1)}_n and h_n ≡ f^{(2)}_n, the first of eqs.(3.6) become"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0155", "paragraph_index": 155, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0155__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "m + q + 1 + g_m f_{m+1} = 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0156", "paragraph_index": 156, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0156__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "h_m √m + 1 + g_m h_{m+1} = 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0157", "paragraph_index": 157, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0157__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "with the choice q^{(1)} = q and q^{(2)} = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0157__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An explanation for this will follow in due course."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0157__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the moment though, notice that eqs.(3.10) mean that the coefficients of each of the components of the Higgs doublet are not independent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0157__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0158", "paragraph_index": 158, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0158__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "h_{m+1} = √(m + 1)/(m + q + 1) f_{m+1}/f_m h_m."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0159", "paragraph_index": 159, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0159__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is a simple recurrence relation which is easily solved for h_m to give"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0160", "paragraph_index": 160, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0160__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "h_m = √(m! q!)/(m + q)!"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0160__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "κ f_m"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0161", "paragraph_index": 161, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0161__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "with κ = h_0/f_0 determining the relationship between the initial conditions of each coefficient sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0161__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With the convenient definitions of Q_n ≡ f^2_n and P_n ≡ h^2_n, this may be combined with the second of the BPS equations to give"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0162", "paragraph_index": 162, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0162__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_1 = (q + 1)Q_0/(1 + γ − γ(1 + κ^2)Q_0)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0163", "paragraph_index": 163, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0163__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_{m+1} = Q_m + (m + q)Q_{m−1} − (m + q + 1)Q^2_m/(1 + m! q!/(m + q)!"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0163__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "κ^2) γ Q_m"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0164", "paragraph_index": 164, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0164__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "m > 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0165", "paragraph_index": 165, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0165__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In principle then, the noncommutative vortex solution of the critically coupled linear sigma model may be determined by solving the recurrence relation (3.13) and consequently (3.12) subject to the “boundary conditions” f_n → 1, h_n → 0 as n → ∞. Well, almost."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0165__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The attentive reader would of course have noticed that there is still the matter of the arbitrary integer q. Fortunately, there is also the third of the BPS equations, the flux constraint."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0165__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Using (3.10) and the ansatz for the gauge field it may be shown"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0165__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "that"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0166", "paragraph_index": 166, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0166__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Tr_H (1 + [C†, C]) = Tr_H (1 + g^2_{m−1} − g^2_m) = lim_{M→∞} (M + 1)/(M + q + 1) − Q_M/Q_{M+1}"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167", "paragraph_index": 167, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the last step, the cutoff of [37] was employed to regulate the trace."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the large M limit, the convergence of the coefficient sequence means that the ratio of successive Q’s approaches unity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consequently, the flux constraint equation implies that q = k. Indeed, a quick comparison with the analogous commutative result confirms that this is the only physically meaningful conclusion; the index of φ1 is equal to the topological number of the vortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly enough, choosing q^{(2)} = 0 does not affect this conclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Again, this is not altogether unexpected since q^{(2)} is just the angular momentum quantum number of the vortex [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Convergence of the coefficient sequence for φ2 bounds the angular momentum quantum number to the range 0 ≤ q^{(2)} < k. However, since none of the arguments presented here depends essentially on q^{(2)} we can, without any loss of generality, set q^{(2)} = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is also worth noting that when q = 0, h_m = κ f_m and both boundary conditions can only be simultaneously satisfied if h_m ≡ 0 which reduces to the k = 0 vortex of the noncommutative Abelian-Higgs model [1, 2, 23, 34, 37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0167__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Instead of solving eqs.(3.13) in full generality, it is perhaps more illuminating to focus on a few examples."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0168", "paragraph_index": 168, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0168__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3.2 Examples"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0169", "paragraph_index": 169, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0169__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0169__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To begin with we consider the case h_m = 0 for all m. In this case the Higgs doublet Φ = (φ1, 0) satisfies exactly the equations of motion of the noncommutative Abelian-Higgs model and it is quite easy to check that the solutions of (3.13) reduce to the degree k vortices found in [23] for which"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0170", "paragraph_index": 170, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0170__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_1 = (q + 1)Q_0/(1 + γ(1 − Q_0))"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0171", "paragraph_index": 171, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0171__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_{m+1} = Q_m + (m + q)Q_{m−1} − (m + q + 1)Q^2_m/(1 + γ) γ Q_m"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0172", "paragraph_index": 172, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0172__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This set of equations has been studied extensively and numerically shown to exhibit regular vortex solutions with +k units of magnetic flux for a large γ range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0172__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, for small ϑ (and consequently γ) the regular commutative Neilsen-Olesen vortex solutions of [3, 28] are obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0172__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, an obvious solution to (3.15) that satisfies the boundary conditions of the semilocal model is Q_m ≡ 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0172__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As noted in [23], these are exactly the fluxon solutions of [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0173", "paragraph_index": 173, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0173__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0173__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moving on now to the more interesting case of non-vanishing h_m, it will suffice to restrict our attention to k = 1 for which the BPS recurrence relations become"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0174", "paragraph_index": 174, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0174__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_1 = (q + 1)Q_0/(1 + γ(1 − Q_0))"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0175", "paragraph_index": 175, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0175__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_{m+1} = Q_m + (m + 1)Q_{m−1} − (m + 2)Q^2_m/(1 + γ) γ Q_m"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0176", "paragraph_index": 176, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0176__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "P_m = (1 + κ^2)/(m + 1) Q_m − (m + 1)Q_m"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0177", "paragraph_index": 177, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0177__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "m > 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0178", "paragraph_index": 178, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0178__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The vortex solutions of the noncommutative semilocal model are constructed by solving eqs.(3.16) subject to the convergence constraint (P_m, Q_m) → (0, 1) as n → ∞. From the first of these it is clear that when the Q_m sequence converges and κ is of order unity, P_m ∼ 1/m for large m. Again, this remains true for any fixed value of the angular momentum quantum number."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0178__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We solve the above system numerically using a double precision, split-step shooting algorithm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0178__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At first glance, the shooting-parameter space looks to be two-dimensional (corresponding to the different values of the pair (P_0, Q_0)) but a prescient choice of κ^2 = 1/ϑ fixes one of these parameters in terms of the other and reduces the dimension to one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0178__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With the initial value Q_0 as the shooting parameter, we solve (3.16) for various values of γ and tabulate our results below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0179", "paragraph_index": 179, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0179__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ϑ e2 γ Q0\n0.2 1 0.2 0.099732894\n0.2 4 0.8 0.140471163\n0.2 16 3.2 0.158732886334\n0.2 36 7.2 0.16297094403243935\n0.5 1 0.5 0.215729007\n0.5 4 2 0.2895665841653\n0.5 16 8 0.32043540606185\n0.5 36 18 0.32737242959721649"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0180", "paragraph_index": 180, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0180__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each of these initial values for the Q_m results in a coefficient sequence that converges (with varying degrees of accuracy) to one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0180__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Once determined, the P_m and Q_m may then be used to compute other characteristic quantities associated with the semilocal vortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0180__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, the magnetic field of the semilocal vortex may easily be computed as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0181", "paragraph_index": 181, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0181__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "B = (γ/ϑ) ∑_{n=0}^{∞} Q_n |n⟩⟨n + 1 + ϑ^{-1}/(n + 1)|"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0182", "paragraph_index": 182, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0182__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Substituting this, together with the covariant derivative"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0183", "paragraph_index": 183, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0183__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dz Φ = (1/√ϑ) ∑_{m=0}^{∞} (f_m √m + 1 + g_m−1 f_{m−1}) |m⟩⟨m| ⊗ |I⟩ + (h_{m+1} √m + 1 + g_m f_m) |m + 1⟩⟨m| ⊗ |II⟩"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0184", "paragraph_index": 184, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0184__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "into eq.(3.5) allows for the energy density of the vortex to be computed quite straightforwardly as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0185", "paragraph_index": 185, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0185__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = (1/ϑ) ∑_{m=0}^{∞} [(1 + (m + 1)/(m + 1 + ϑ^{-1}) Q_m − Q_{m−1})^2 + γ (P_m − P_{m−1})^2] |m⟩⟨m|"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186", "paragraph_index": 186, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It may be verified numerically that up to the first few hundred terms the above expression for the energy density sums to 1/(2πϑ) to within a few percent as is expected for the 1-vortex solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To make contact with the primary aim of this paper, it will be convenient to visualize the profile of the vortex, especially as γ is turned up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, both eqs.(3.17) and (3.19) are Fock space representations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fortunately, these can be turned into (noncommutative) coordinate space representations relatively easily with the inverse Weyl map under which the projector |n⟩⟨n| 7→ (−1)^n exp(−2r^2/ϑ) L_n(2r^2/ϑ) where L_n is the n’th Laguerre polynomial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fig.1 we plot the magnetic field as a function of r for various values of the dimensionless parameter γ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0186__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fig.2. contains a series of snapshots of the energy profile of the vortex as gamma increases from 0.2 to 28.8."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0187", "paragraph_index": 187, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0187__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. The large coupling limit"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0188", "paragraph_index": 188, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0188__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Having presented a general algorithm for the construction of degree k semilocal vortex solutions of the gauged noncommutative linear sigma model and explicitly constructed the 1-vortex solution we proceed now to study one of the more interesting limits of the semilocal model: its large coupling limit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0188__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At the level of the action (3.5), the e2 → ∞ limit decouples the gauge field dynamics and any finite energy static solution has"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0189", "paragraph_index": 189, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0189__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = 2πϑ Tr_H [(Dz Φ)(Dz Φ)† + (D¯z Φ)(D¯z Φ)†]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190", "paragraph_index": 190, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "subject to the constraint Φ Φ† = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this limit, the gauge field is relegated to an auxiliary field, completely determined by Φ. Recalling that Φ is an (n + 1)-component complex vector leads to the conclusion that this is, of course, nothing but the noncommutative version of the CPN sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the level of the action this observation is certainly not new; in the commutative case, this relation has been commented on by several authors in many different contexts [16, 17, 30, 40]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it remains to be seen whether this correspondence persists at the level of the solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If it does we will have produced an explicit descent from the vortices of the fuzzy linear sigma model to the instantons of the noncommutative CPN model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0190__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the interests of self-containment, we review now the derivation of the lump solutions of the sigma model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0191", "paragraph_index": 191, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0191__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With eq.(4.1) as a starting point, a reparameterization of the (N + 1)-component Higgs field as Φ = (1/W†) W and subsequent definition of the Hermitian projector P ≡ W (W† W)−1 W† allows for the static energy (or two-dimensional action) to be written as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0192", "paragraph_index": 192, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0192__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = 2π Tr_H tr([P, a†][a, P])"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0193", "paragraph_index": 193, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0193__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this form, the CPN energy is remarkably similar to the kinetic term of the static energy of a (2 + 1)-dimensional noncommutative scalar field (see eq.(2.2) of ref.[8]) with the crucial difference of the additional matrix trace in eq.(4.2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0193__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed it was shown in [20, 21, 25] that the quantity Tr_H tr([a, a†] P) contributes a nonvanishing boundary term to the energy and some care needs to be exercised in the derivation of the noncommutative Bogomol’nyi bound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0193__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this in mind, the energy may correctly be written as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0194", "paragraph_index": 194, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0194__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "E = 2π Tr_H tr(2F+(P)†F+(P)) + 2πQ+ ≥ 2πQ+"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195", "paragraph_index": 195, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "with the topological charge Q+ ≡ Tr_H tr(P [a, a†]) and F+(P) ≡ [a, P]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A similar expression holds for the anti-BPS states."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Focusing on the BPS states though, saturation of the bound on the energy is obtained when F+(P) = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As first shown in [22], solutions are not difficult to find; any Hermitian projector constructed from an (n + 1)-vector W whose components are holomorphic polynomials in z will satisfy the above BPS equation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These are precisely the noncommutative extension of the instanton solutions of the conventional CPN sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0195__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For example, the static, lump solutions of the noncommutative CP1 model are given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0196", "paragraph_index": 196, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0196__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "W1 = (z/a1, b1)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0197", "paragraph_index": 197, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0197__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "W2 = (z^2/a2, 2b2 z + c2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0198", "paragraph_index": 198, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0198__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the soliton parameters a1, ..., d2 ∈ C are chosen to coincide with the standard way of writing the solutions in the commutative theory [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0198__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are the complex moduli of the CP1 instanton."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0198__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To facilitate comparison with the vortices, these may be written in the harmonic oscillator basis so that, for example, the 1-lump solution becomes"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0199", "paragraph_index": 199, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0199__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "W1 = ∑_{n=0}^{∞} √(ϑ(n + 1))/(ϑ(n + 1) + 1) |n + 1⟩⟨n| ⊗ |I⟩ + ∑_{n=0}^{∞} 1/(ϑ(n + 1) + 1) |n⟩⟨n| ⊗ |II⟩"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0200", "paragraph_index": 200, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0200__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Returning to the degree k semilocal vortex of the last section, notice that eq.(3.13) may be recast as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0201", "paragraph_index": 201, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0201__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1 + (n! k!/(n + k)!) κ^2 Q_n − 1 + 1/γ (n + k + 1) Q_n Q_{n+1} − (n + k) Q_{n−1} Q_n − 1 = 0"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0202", "paragraph_index": 202, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0202__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the infinite coupling limit e2 → ∞ (or equivalently γ → ∞), the above recurrence relation may be be solved exactly to give"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0203", "paragraph_index": 203, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0203__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_n = 1 + (n! k!/(n + k)!) κ^2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0204", "paragraph_index": 204, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0204__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In particular, for k = 1 we find"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0205", "paragraph_index": 205, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0205__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Q_n = (n + 1)/(n + 1 + κ^2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0206", "paragraph_index": 206, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0206__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "P_n = κ^2/(n + 1 + κ^2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207", "paragraph_index": 207, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, matching coefficients to all orders in eqs.(4.5) and (4.8) means that the descent from noncommutative vortex to fuzzy lump only occurs when κ^2 = 1/ϑ. Indeed, this is exactly the choice we made in our numerical computations to reduce the dimension of the shooting-parameter space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a check, we expect that for a fixed value of ϑ, Q_0 → ϑ/(ϑ + 1) as γ → ∞. A quick glance at the table of our numerical results verifies that this is indeed the case for ϑ = 0.2 and 0.5."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, hindsight reveals that the set of energy densities in figure 2. is in fact a series of snapshots of the k = 1 vortex of the noncommutative semilocal model morphing into a fuzzy CP1 1-lump."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The case k = 2 is no less straightforward."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0207__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With its center of mass localised at the origin, the CP1 2-lump in eq.(4.4) can be written as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0208", "paragraph_index": 208, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0208__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "W2 = ∑_{n=0}^{∞} √(ϑ^2(n + 1)(n + 2))/(ϑ^2(n + 1)(n + 2) + 1) |n⟩⟨n + 2| ⊗ |I⟩ + ∑_{n=0}^{∞} 1/(ϑ^2(n + 1)(n + 2) + 1) |n⟩⟨n| ⊗ |II⟩"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0209", "paragraph_index": 209, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0209__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "when b2, the frozen out modulus [5] is set to vanish."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0209__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A comparison with the general expression for the infinite coupling coefficients (4.7) reveals a matching at all levels only if κ^2 = 1/2ϑ. Generalisation to larger k follows in much the same way so no further attention is paid to it here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0210", "paragraph_index": 210, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0210__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At this juncture, a few comments are in order."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0210__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Bogomol’nyi equations of the commutative gauged linear sigma model admit a one parameter family of vortex solutions [17]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0210__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This single complex parameter w is to the commutative theory what the ratio of initial coefficients κ is to our noncommutative model with w = 0 corresponding to the conventional Neilsen-Olesen string."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0211", "paragraph_index": 211, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0211__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the distinguishing characteristics of the w ≠ 0 semilocal vortices is the power law behavior exhibited by the scalar and gauge fields as they relax to their respective vacuum values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0211__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consequently, the magnetic field B ∼ 2/ξ^4 and the width of the flux tube trapped in the vortex core is an arbitrary parameter instead of the Compton wavelength of the vector boson as in the Neilsen-Olesen vortex."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0212", "paragraph_index": 212, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0212__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the noncommutative model we once again find a one parameter family of vortices only now the parameter, κ, is not at all arbitrary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0212__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, we find that there exists a point in the κ parameter space dependent on the degree of the vortex and the deformation parameter ϑ at which the semilocal vortex exactly descends to the corresponding noncommutative CPN lump."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0212__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Correspondingly, the width of the magnetic flux tube associated with the semilocal vortex is set by the scale of noncommutativity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0213", "paragraph_index": 213, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0213__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This observed exact metamorphosis of the vortex into the lump should be compared to the results of section 3. of [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0213__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There an expansion of the 1-instanton solution of the commutative CPN model in powers of |z/w| was used to establish that the vortex-instanton matching was exact at spatial infinity with differences emerging at O(|z/w|^4) in this expansion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0214", "paragraph_index": 214, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0214__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5. Brane Realisations"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0215", "paragraph_index": 215, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0215__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Quite apart from their intrinsic field theoretic value [35, 16, 17], the vortices of gauged linear sigma models also have a remarkably rich stringy structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0215__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Beginning with the ground-breaking work of [11] in which the (2 + 1)-dimensional, N = 4 U(N) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory was recognised as the worldvolume theory on a stack of N D3-branes, an intricate tapestry of ideas can be woven, leading inexorably to a realisation of the noncommutative semilocal vortex as a D-brane configuration in type IIB string theory [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0215__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this section, we review some of these ideas and cast them into a form that better facilitates comparison with our results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216", "paragraph_index": 216, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As in [10] the description of the system begins with a (2 + 1)-dimensional, N = 4, U(N) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The field content of the theory consists of a U(N) vector multiplet made up of a gauge field A_µ and a triplet of adjoint scalars φ_r together with their fermionic super partners."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Coupled to these are N fundamental hypermultiplets each of which contain a doublet of complex scalars q and q† and their super partners."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The Lagrangian for the theory is endowed with a global SU(N + M) flavour symmetry as well as a local U(N) gauge symmetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consequently, under these two groups and with N_f ≡ N + M denoting the number of flavours, q and q† transform as (N, N_f) and (N, N_f) respectively; the fundamental scalars are represented by (N + M) × N matrices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0216__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The dynamical content of the bosonic sector of the theory is contained in the Lagrangian"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0217", "paragraph_index": 217, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0217__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "L = Tr [1/4e^2 F^2 + 1/2e^2 (Dφ_r)^2 + (Dq)^2 + (Dq†)^2 + (q† q + q q†)φ_r φ_r + e^2/2 (q† q − ζ 1_N)^2 + e^2 q q†]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0218", "paragraph_index": 218, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0218__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the Fayet-Illiopolous (FI) parameter, ζ, in the final D-term in (5.1) is chosen to be positive."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0218__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This theory exhibits a Higgs branch of vacua which possess BPS vortices only if q and φ_r both vanish."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0218__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This constraint defines a so-called reduced Higgs branch, NN,M = Gr(N, N + M), the Grassmannian manifold of N-dimensional hyperplanes in C^{N+M}. A particular vacuum choice is made by picking"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0219", "paragraph_index": 219, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0219__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "q_vac = (√ζ δ^a_i, 0)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220", "paragraph_index": 220, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our abelian case, for example, N = 1, the reduced Higgs branch N1,M = Gr(1, 1 + M) ≃ CPM and q_vac = (√ζ, 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Relabeling q as Φ, setting the FI parameter ζ = 1 and restricting to time-independent solutions trivially establishes the equivalence of the action in this branch with the static energy (2.5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As discussed earlier, the spectrum of solutions of this theory is rich with BPS vortices."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The brane realisation of these vortices is built up from the U(N) Yang-Mills-Higgs described in (5.1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0220__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It consists of N D3-branes suspended between two parallel NS5-branes and a further N + M D3’s attached to the right hand NS5-brane to add flavour (see figure 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0221", "paragraph_index": 221, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0221__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the Higgs branch, one of the NS5-branes is separated from the others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0221__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This separation is proportional to the FI parameter ζ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0221__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The degree k BPS vortices manifest as k D-strings stretched between the D3-branes and the separated NS5-brane - an identification made on the basis of the fact that the stretched D1-branes are the only BPS states of the brane configuration with the correct mass."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0221__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More than just a pretty picture, the geometry of the D-brane configuration in figure 3 encodes vital information about the FI parameter, ζ as well as the gauge coupling e as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0222", "paragraph_index": 222, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0222__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1/e^2 = ∆x^6/(2πg_s)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0223", "paragraph_index": 223, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0223__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ζ = ∆x^9/(4π^2 g_s l_s^2)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0224", "paragraph_index": 224, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0224__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where l_s and g_s are the string length and coupling respectively and ∆x^6 and ∆x^9 are the separation distances between the NS5-branes in the 6 and 9 directions respectively."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0224__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is now clear that the sigma model limit (e^2 → ∞) of the vortex occurs precisely when the separation of the NS5-branes in the 6 direction vanishes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0224__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The configuration that realises the k-lump solution of the (commutative) CPM nonlinear sigma model then is as above only with N = 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0225", "paragraph_index": 225, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0225__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In string theory the transition from commutative to noncommutative worldvolume theories is achieved by turning on an NS-NS B-field in the appropriate direction [31]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0225__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the present context, the transition from the semilocal action (2.5) to its noncommutative counterpart (3.5) translates into turning on a constant NS-NS B-field B_{12} = ϑ dx^1 ∧ dx^2 in the (1, 2) directions in a background of two NS5-branes with a D3-brane stretched between them and a further M + 1 D3’s attached to the right hand NS5-brane."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226", "paragraph_index": 226, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What of the vortices?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The effect of the B-field on the D3-brane and the D3-brane is quite remarkable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The basic physics is analogous to the situation of a D-string suspended between two D3-branes studied in [15] and was first described for the vortex case in [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The NS-NS 2-form manifests on the D3-brane worldvolume as a constant magnetic field F_{12} while the D-string endpoint appears as a magnetic source."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since on the 4-dimensional worldvolume of the D3-brane F_{12} = ⋆ F_{06}, the magnetic endpoint of the D1-brane feels the same force as an electric charge in a constant electric field in the 6 direction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, as other end of the D-string remains married to the NS5-brane, the D-string responds to this force by tilting as in figure 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0226__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The effect of the tilting was investigated in [15] by studying the D-string Born-Infeld action at weak string coupling"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0227", "paragraph_index": 227, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0227__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "S = (1/2πl_s^2) ∫_{0}^{∆x^9} dx^9 (1/g_s) √(1 + (dx^6/dx^9)^2) + A_{06} (dx^6/dx^9)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0228", "paragraph_index": 228, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0228__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where the RR 2-form A_{06} that couples to the D-string worldvolume is induced by B_{06}. The result of that investigation translated into the language of the vortex theory [10] is that the displacement of the D1-brane endpoint is given by δ = (ϑ ∆x^9)/(2πl_s^2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0228__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With this and some straightforward algebra, the distance between the D-string endpoint and the left NS5-brane can be computed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0228__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With the choice of ζ = 1 for the FI parameter, the result is"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0229", "paragraph_index": 229, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0229__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "r = 2πg_s (1/e^2 + ϑ)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230", "paragraph_index": 230, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This distance is, in fact, the FI parameter of the theory living on the D1-branes (see [10] for a lucid discussion of this aspect)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Having fixed ∆x^9 with the choice ζ = 1 the magnitude of r is completely determined by the size of the gauge coupling as determined by the NS5-brane separation in the 6 direction and the noncommutativity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the latter is also fixed, the transition from vortex to lump can be studied by changing the distance between the NS5-branes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As ∆x^6 is decreased to zero, the separation between the D-string endpoint and the left NS5-brane decreases to r* = 2πg_s ϑ. It is this configuration of the k tilted D-strings stretched between the (formerly right hand) NS5-brane and the D3-brane (on which a stack of M semi-infinite D3-branes end) that realises the degree k instanton of the CPM sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0230__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This concludes our treatment of D-brane realisation of the noncommutative CPM lump."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231", "paragraph_index": 231, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More than just an academic exercise, this identification of the semilocal vortex and CPM instanton has proven invaluable in the understanding of the low energy dynamics of both the vortex and instanton as encoded in the geometry of their respective moduli spaces [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We refer the interested reader to [10] for a nice discussion of the structure of the moduli spaces and content ourselves with merely summarising some of their most pertinent results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The moduli space of degree k semilocal vortices ˆVk,(1,M) is a 2k(1 + M)-dimensional space with a natural Kähler metric defined by the overlap of zero modes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, this metric is afflicted with some non-normalisable zero modes that, classically, correspond to the moduli with infinite moments of inertia and that make the quantum mechanical treatment of these solitonic objects quite subtle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Fortunately these subtleties may be circumvented with a little help from the branes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A study of the theory on the D1-brane predicts that the Higgs branch, ˆMk,(1,M), constructed by a U(k) Kähler quotient of Ck(1+M+k) is isomorphic to the moduli space ˆVk,(1,M)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "While the metric on ˆMk,(1,M) retains all the symmetries of the Kähler metric on the vortex moduli space, it is finite and suffers from none of the non-normalisablity problems of the latter."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0231__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Consequently, the study of the quantum theory of semilocal vortices may be simplified somewhat by replacing the natural metric on the vortex moduli space with the metric on the Higgs branch of the D-brane theory inherited from the Kähler quotient construction of [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0232", "paragraph_index": 232, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0232__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0232__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conclusions and Discussion"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233", "paragraph_index": 233, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary concern of this work has been the construction and study of a noncommutative extension of (2 + 1)-dimensional critically coupled, gauged linear sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Like its commutative counterpart this theory possesses a rich spectrum of BPS solutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By extending the systematic construction of [23] we have explicitly constructed a family of vortex solutions to the BPS equations (3.6) for arbitrary positive values of the noncommutativity parameter ϑ. As expected, these fuzzy vortices reduce to the exact Neilsen-Olesen strings of the noncommutative Abelian-Higgs model [1, 2, 23, 37] on the co-dimension one surface κ = 0 of the parameter space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite retaining many of the properties of their commutative cousins [17, 35], the introduction of a new length scale set by the noncommutativity parameter ϑ induces several remarkable differences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among these we find that the width of the magnetic flux tube trapped in the vortex core no longer exhibits the characteristic arbitrariness of the commutative semilocal vortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0233__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the noncommutative model, this width is set by the scale of the noncommutativity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234", "paragraph_index": 234, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The detailed investigation of the large coupling (e^2 → ∞) regime of the ϑ-deformed gauged linear sigma model carried out in section 4."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "confirms, both numerically and analytically, the commutative intuition of the vortex morphing into a lump of the (fuzzy) CPM sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, while the agreement between vortex and lump in the ϑ = 0 case is precise only asymptotically [17], we find an exact matching at all levels of the harmonic oscillator expansion at finite ϑ. Indeed, insisting that this agreement holds selects a preferred set of values for κ, dependent on the scale of noncommutativity and the degree of the vortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This effectively reduces the dimension of the parameter space by one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0234__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While we have explicitly constructed solutions for the 1-vortex and 2-vortex cases, the construction of higher degree solutions follows in much the same way and we do not expect any further surprises."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0235", "paragraph_index": 235, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0235__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we reviewed the elegant constructions of [10] that lead to a realisation of the noncommutative CPM k-lump as k tilted D-strings stretched between an isolated NS5-brane and the D3-brane (on which a stack of M semi-infinite D3-branes end) and a semi-infinite D3 whose one endpoint ends on a second NS5 (see figure 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0235__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This identification is built on the foundation of a study of the N = 4 U(N) Yang-Mills-Higgs D3-brane worldvolume theory hinges on the metamorphosis of vortices into lumps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0235__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of course, to be sure that this configuration really does correspond to the lump solution requires more work than just a comparison of the masses of both configurations; the spectrum of fluctuations around each object needs to be computed and compared."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0236", "paragraph_index": 236, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0236__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is a more difficult endeavor which, together with a more thorough investigation of the spectrum of BPS objects of the noncommutative gauged linear sigma model is left to future work [26]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0236__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Curiously, this realisation of fuzzy CPM lumps is not unique, at least for M = 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0236__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Drawing on the tree level equivalence between N = 2 open string theory and self-dual Yang-Mills theory in (2 + 2) dimensions [29], it was argued in [20, 21] that the effective field theory induced on the worldvolume of N D2-branes by a Kähler B-field background is a noncommutative U(N) sigma model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0236__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Using a modified “method of dressing” soliton solutions of the latter were constructed and their various scattering properties investigated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0237", "paragraph_index": 237, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0237__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this context, the k-lump solution of the CP1 sigma model may be interpreted as k D0-branes in the worldvolume of a stack of D2-branes [21, 18]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0237__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Again, while this assertion needs to be tested beyond the level of a mass comparison, the possibility of a duality between N = 2 open string theory and the type II-B superstring is, to say the least, intriguing and certainly deserves more attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0238", "paragraph_index": 238, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0238__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Acknowledgments"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0239", "paragraph_index": 239, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0239__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "J.M. would like to thank the KITP (Santa Barbara) for the warm hospitality and a most stimulating environment during the early stages of the work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0239__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our gratitude is extended to Robert de Mello Koch, George Ellis, Clifford Johnson, David Tong and Amanda Weltman for valuable discussions at various stages of this work and to Bill Watersson who inspired the title. And finally, a word from our sponsors: J.M. is supported by the Sainsbury-Lindbury Trust and a research associateship of the University of Cape Town."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__critique__p0239__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A.M acknowledges the NRF and the University of Cape Town for financial support."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3493__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240", "paragraph_index": 240, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We study the low-energy quantum dynamics of vortex strings in the Higgs phase of = 2 supersymmetric QCD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The exact BPS spectrum of the stretched string is shown to coincide with the BPS spectrum of the four-dimensional parent gauge theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Perturbative string excitations correspond to bound W-bosons and quarks while the monopoles appear as kinks on the vortex string."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This provides a physical explanation for an observation by N. Dorey relating the quantum spectra of theories in two and four dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Two-dimensional sigma-models have long acted as a playground in which to test aspects of four-dimensional gauge dynamics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The two systems share many qualitative features including asymptotic freedom, a dynamically generated mass gap, anomalies, and instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Some years ago, N. Dorey proved a more quantitative correspondence between supersymmetric theories in two and four dimensions [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "He showed that the BPS spectrum of = (2; 2) CPN ¡1 sigma-model coincides with the BPS spectrum of four-dimensional = 2 SU(N ) supersymmetric QCD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The correspondence is exact, holding at the quantum level in both weak and strong coupling regimes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Generalisations to other two-dimensional sigma-models were later found [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0240__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, despite some insight from brane constructions [3, 2], the underlying reason for the agreement remained mysterious."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241", "paragraph_index": 241, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The purpose of this paper is to provide a fleld theoretic explanation for the correspondence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The key to our story lies in the recent progress in understanding the dynamics of various soliton conflgurations in the Higgs phase of = 2 SQCD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of particular relevance are the non-abelian vortices [4], which are string-like objects in four dimensions, and monopoles [5] which, due to the Meissner efiect, are conflned in the Higgs phase and come attached to two semi-inflnite vortex strings.1 We shall show that the two-dimensional theory considered by Dorey in [1] is precisely the theory describing the vortex string."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As we explain below, the BPS excitations of the string have an interpretation as four dimensional states: the perturbative string excitations correspond to W boson-string bound states, while the solitonic kinks of the string correspond to the conflned monopoles in four dimensions [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0241__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results presented here flt into the growing body of work devoted to understanding the dynamics of solitons in the Higgs phase of = 2 theories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0242", "paragraph_index": 242, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0242__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In recent years we have found that these theories admit a remarkably rich structure of classical BPS solitons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0242__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As well as the strings and conflned monopoles mentioned above, there is an intricate system of domain walls [9, 10], domain wall junctions [11] and, perhaps most remarkably, D-branes [12, 13] in which the vortex string terminates on a domain wall where its end is electrically charged under a gauge fleld."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0242__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While fleld theoretic D-branes have been known to exist for some time in strong coupling regimes [14] the objects described in [12, 13] are amenable to semi-classical analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243", "paragraph_index": 243, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The correspondence discovered in [1] holds in both strong coupling and weak coupling regimes of the two theories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the latter regime, the central charge of the theory may be expanded in an inflnite series of instanton contributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the BPS spectra coincide, this expansion agrees term by term, suggesting a quantitative correspondence between two dimensional instantons (which are vortices) and four-dimensional Yang-Mills instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, in [4], an ADHM-like construction of the vortex moduli space was presented and it was shown that the moduli space of vortices is a particular submanifold of the moduli space of instantons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It would be interesting to prove explicitly that the integrals over the relevant moduli spaces coincide. From the interpretation of the correspondence presented here, this agreement suggests another solitonic connection: a vortex in a vortex string looks like a Yang-Mills instanton in four dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0243__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In section 3, we present the Bogomoln’yi equations describing such a solution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0244", "paragraph_index": 244, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0244__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conclusion of this paper | that the quantum dynamics of solitons, speciflcally vortex strings, may be used to extract information about the strong coupling dynamics of the underlying four dimensional gauge theory | is reminiscent of the stringy games played in ten dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0244__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example in the the old-new Matrix theory, D-brane solitons contain much information about the bulk dynamics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0244__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It would be interesting to see if this analogy can be pushed further."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245", "paragraph_index": 245, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The plan of the paper is as follows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In section 2, we study = 2 supersymmetric U(Nc) gauge theory with Nf = Nc (cid:176)avours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We review the exact central charge on the Coulomb branch which can be determined from the Seiberg-Witten solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We then follow the states as you slide onto the Higgs branch, breaking the gauge group completely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We shall show that the monopoles remain BPS, but are now conflned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At the same time, a new BPS object appears: the vortex string."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In section 3 we describe the low-energy dynamics of the vortex string and show that it is governed by the two-dimensional theory studied in [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We review the computation of the BPS spectrum and conflrm that it does indeed coincide with that of the four-dimensional parent theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In particular, we shall see that elementary excitations of the string are associated to W-bosons, while kinks in the string are monopoles in four dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In section 4, we repeat this story for Nf > Nc (cid:176)avours, and the associated \\semi-local\" vortices, giving a rationale for the generalisation discovered in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0245__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This includes the case of the conformal vortex string."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3493", "paragraph_id": "triad_3493__response__p0246", "paragraph_index": 246, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0246__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note added: after flnishing this work we were informed that similar conclusions have been reached by M. Shifman and A. Yung [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3493__response__p0246__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to thank M. Shifman for communicating their results to us prior to publication."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3493/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103352575_W2093010512_W2000036179", "triad_name": "triad_3493", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3493__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the longstanding problems that continues to plague researchers interested in \"perception without aware- ness\" is the difficulty in ensuring that the observer is in- deed unaware of the information s/he is purported to have processed perceptually."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study of the nature and extent of perceptual processing in the contralesional field in in- dividuals with hemispatial neglect is especially appealing, then, because it offers a methodological alternative to cir- cumvent the need to ensure that \"unattended\" information is indeed \"unattended.\" Given that these patients do not orient to the contralesional side and that they do not voli- tionally report the information on the unattended side, the assumption is that they are simply not aware of this infor- mation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One can then ask how much perceptual processing takes place under these conditions of inattention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the early studies of Volpe, Ledoux, and Gaz- zaniga (1979) and Marshall and Halligan (1988), many neuropsychological investigations have examined the fate of the unattended contralateral information, and MM and their collaborators have contributed substantially to this literature (McGlinchey-Berroth, 1997; McGlinchey- Berroth, Milberg, Verfaellie, Alexander, & Kilduff, 1993; McGlinchey-Berroth et al., 1996)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our study is conducted within this neuropsychological tradition and focuses on whether contralesional perceptual information (appearing on the left side in patients with a right-hemisphere lesion) can be grouped or organized perceptually in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also explore whether the perceptual fate of this unattended information varies with the severity of the hemispatial neglect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To address this issue, we adopt a procedure that has been extensively and successfully used in investigations that ask similar questions with normal observers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In brief, in our study, 8 patients with hemispatial neglect (diag- nosed using a standardized, normed bedside battery, and confirmed and quantified using a covert spatial attentional paradigm) performed a matrix change detection task on a black and white checkerboard placed in their intact ipsile- sional field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The matrix could remain the same across two successive displays, or a single square could be shifted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Concurrent with this demanding perceptual task, task- irrelevant information, consisting of grayscale circles, was"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 2010mental task (change detection/task-irrelevant grouping), because we measured the patients' attentional status on a different task using the covert spatial cuing paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They bolster their claim by pointing to studies that show poor correlation among neglect tasks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although this psy- chometric variability is worthy of notice, this particular point is not directly relevant here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the outset, we note that MM refer to the fact that we assess the patients' at- tentional status on the covert attentional cuing paradigm and do not acknowledge that all patients in our study were initially tested on the well-known Behavioural In- attention Test as well (Wilson, Cockburn, & Halligan, 1987)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The BIT is probably the most popular test for di- agnosing neglect and is widely used for this purpose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It comprises nine conventional tests of neglect, it is well normed with a correlation .92 ( p .0001) between the subtests, and the BIT neglect score is highly correlated with the responses of clinicians to a short questionnaire, .67 ( p .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One study has confirmed that seven of the nine BIT behavioral subtests differentiated signifi- cantly between subjects with visual neglect and those without neglect and, furthermore, that most of the sub- tests correlated significantly with the Activities of Daily Living checklist (Hartman-Maeir & Katz, 1995)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These findings support the construct and predictive validity of most of the BIT behavioral subtests as functional mea- sures of unilateral neglect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of note too, the covert attentional paradigm task (ad- opted from Posner, Snyder, & Davidson, 1980) was not used to determine simply whether the participants did or did not have neglect; that determination was made on the basis of the BIT scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The covert attentional task was used: (1) to confirm the presence of attentional neglect with a sensitive psychophysical test, thereby increasing our confidence in the neglect diagnosis; and (2) to de- termine the severity of attentional neglect for each in- dividual, a point that is not acknowledged by MM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also confirmed that the BIT neglect scores and an index of attentional dysfunction (derived from the covert cuing paradigm) of the patients were highly correlated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We note, too, that previous studies have documented a strong association between clinical measures of neglect and performance on the cued attentional paradigm that we have used (Friedrich, Egly, Rafal, & Beck, 1998)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is no question, then, that the diagnosis of neglect in the patients was correct and, moreover, that the quantifica- tion of the extent of the neglect, as derived from the BIT and cuing task, was accurate and reliable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our approach of diagnosing and quantifying the severity of the neglect impairment across multiple tasks goes well beyond what is typically done in the existing literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With few ex- ceptions, the characterization of neglect in existing neu- ropsychological studies of perception without awareness is done on the basis of lesion site, clinical observation, and/or some bedside testing (horizontal line bisection, line cancellation, figure drawing, single word reading)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We are confident that we have thoroughly characterized the nature and severity of the attentional impairments in presented in the contralesional field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The task-irrelevant information could either maintain the same perceptual or- ganization from Display 1 to Display 2 (e.g., in both cases the circles would be grouped by lightness similarity into rows) or change from Display 1 to Display 2 (e.g., change from grouping into rows to grouping into columns)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that, independent of whether the organization of the cir- cles was maintained or not, all circles changed their gray- scale value from Display 1 to Display 2 to control for the possibility that changes in organization could be detected from changes in the lightness of each circle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our central finding is that the reaction time in the ipsi- lesional matrix task is influenced by the change in or main- tenance of the organization of the ignored task-irrelevant circles in the contralateral field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, \"same\" responses to the checkerboard matrix were faster when the organiza- tion of the task-irrelevant circles remained the same (e.g., organized into rows in both Displays 1 and 2) than when the task-irrelevant organization differed (e.g., organized into rows on Display 1 but into columns on Display 2), and vice versa for task-relevant \"different\" responses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Not only was the extent of the congruency effect equivalent for the pa- tients and the controls, but the magnitude of the congruency effect was statistically equivalent for patients who were mildly neglectful and for those who were more severely neglectful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, and importantly, for all individuals, the magnitude of the congruency effect was equivalent when the task-irrelevant circles were presented in the left field and, in another control condition, in the right visual field to- gether with the change detection matrix, demonstrating that implicit perceptual organization is as good in the unaware contralesional field as in the ipsilesional field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM, while acknowledging that perception might in- deed occur without awareness under some conditions (as they themselves have demonstrated in the past), challenge our conclusion that patients with neglect evince percep- tual grouping in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, they assert that we have \"anosagnosia\" (a condition in which a person who suffers disability seems unaware of or denies the existence of his or her disability) to methodological de- tail and that researchers (including us) need to be mindful of details across the entire methodological space."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While MM's assertions are witty, the arguments themselves are weak."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They raise two key issues, which, they suggest, pre- vent us from reaching our conclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One issue concerns the assessment of the patients' attentional abilities on a task different from that used to infer inattentional group- ing, and the second is that neglect is not uniform across the neglected field and so patients may be explicitly able to process some of the supposed unattended information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We deal with each issue in turn."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM argue that one cannot be confident about the status of the attentional impairment in the key experi- digms, as is also true in our paradigm, independent of any change in the target matrix, the perceptual organiza- tion of the background can change or remain the same across two successive displays."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These studies all report that the status of the background organization influenced the speed and accuracy of change judgments for the central matrix task, even though the status of the back- ground organization (continuity or change) could not be explicitly reported when probed with surprise questions as in Mack and Rock's (1998) inattention blindness stud- ies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That the observers were unable to report the status of the task-irrelevant circles was taken as evidence that the observers were unaware of the perceptual organiza- tion of the background, yet congruency effects were still obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Crucially, these experiments were conducted with normal observers who are usually attentive to the entire field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Even though the checkerboard matrix was essentially embedded into the center of the task-irrelevant background, there is general agreement that the matrix change detection task is so absorbing/demanding and of such high attentional load (Lavie, 1995) that no attention can \"leak\" to the background display."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our version of the paradigm, the matrix and task-irrelevant grid were spatially separated, making it even more unlikely that the contralateral task-irrelevant information was processed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, the chances of attention \"leaking\" to the neglected field were extra ordinarily slim."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to separating the change detection matrix and the distractor grid spatially, we imposed additional, carefully controlled, constraints on our task to make it even more unlikely that the patients could process the distractors in the contralesional field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, we manipulated the exposure duration of the first display of the trial (see Figure 2A in Shomstein et al., 2010) via a staircasing procedure that yielded 85% accuracy in the matrix change detection task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the observers had limited exposure to the initial display, requiring them to focus on the relevant, and not on the irrelevant, task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, we know that patients with neglect tend to be more rightward oriented in their gaze (and attention) (Behrmann, Barton, Watt, & Black, 1997; Karnath & Fet- ter, 1995), further ensuring their ipsilesional bias: Indeed, the average spontaneous gaze position of a group of pa- tients with neglect was 46º to the right (Berger, Pross, Ilg, & Karnath, 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If this ipsilesional bias, or something akin to it, was true in our sample of patients, this further decreases the probability of the patients' processing of the distractor circles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, if, for argument's sake, we were to enter- tain the possibility that, notwithstanding the constraints of our design, patients had some residual attention to be allocated to the task-irrelevant distractor, we might have predicted modulation of the distractor congruency effect with the severity of neglect (normal, good detectors, poor detectors)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As is evident from our findings, this predic- tion was not upheld: The extent to which task-irrelevant distractors affected target processing did not differ as a function of neglect severity in the patients, and, even more our sample of neglect patients and, therefore, that our re- sults are strengthened, not weakened as MM suggest, by our findings of highly correlated impairment across both traditional and psychophysical measures of attentional abilities in the patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM also claim that because the assessment of neglect is not done in the context of the detection task, we do not know about the patients' attentional status during the ac- tual experimental paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In other words, they argue that our conclusions for inattentional grouping of contra- lesional information are not warranted, because the ne- glect evinced by our patients may not be uniform across the field during the experiment itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the patients may still have been able to utilize some of the information from the left field and this information might have given rise to the observed congruency effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They suggest that if this is true, then the effect of contralesional informa- tion on the matrix task cannot be interpreted as evidence for processing in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "MM appeal to several studies showing that some neglect patients are still able to detect targets placed well into the left hemifield."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They also illustrate their point in a figure by showing that even partial information, such as that placed just to the left of the central midline, may have been enough to give rise to the congruency effects we report."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We were well aware of this possibility when we designed the experiment and went to great lengths to constrain the paradigm and limit attention \"leaking\" to the neglected field."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We submit that our paradigm makes it highly improbable that patients could make use of left-sided information, and that in the highly unlikely case that some attention had \"leaked\" through, this could not suffice to give rise to the findings we have obtained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experimental paradigm we adopted has been used previously to demonstrate grouping in the absence of visual attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, Driver, Davis, Russell, Turatto, and Freeman (2001) have argued that it is only in the con- text of indirect tasks such as this one (and essentially we use the same task that they did), where the observer is not directly questioned and where the limitation of self- report is circumvented, that conclusions about processing in the absence of attention can be reached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This type of matrix comparison task, in the presence of task-irrelevant distractors, has been used in other recent studies, too."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In all these studies, normal participants perform a demand- ing change detection task on a small black-and-white ma- trix at fixation, and task-irrelevant background elements are arranged by color similarity into columns, rows, or simple shapes (Kimchi & Razpurker-Apfeld, 2004; Rus- sell & Driver, 2005), or the background is composed of alternating regions organized into figures and grounds by convexity (Kimchi & Peterson, 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In these para- 625 Figure 1)-and perhaps two pairs of vertically adjacent dots located on the middle of the next to the rightmost col- umn."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No other pair of horizontally adjacent dots or verti- cally adjacent dots on the rightmost portion of the display, nor even the whole rightmost column, provides predictive information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, in this condition, not only do the pa- tients have to focus on the same orientation across suc- cessive displays, they also have to focus on the precise two adjacent dots that can provide the useful information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given these constraints, the chances that the contrast be- tween two adjacent dots in the rightmost portion of the display would serve as a valid cue on all trials are clearly low."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nonetheless, we again obtained reliable congruency effects in this condition, and most importantly, there is no difference in congruency effects between this condition and the rows/columns condition (or between cross-field and within-field trials)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is clear then that just attending to a small, rightmost portion of the distractor grid is not sufficient for reliably distinguishing between the grids, particularly across con- ditions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, the robust congruency effects that we ob- tained in the two organization conditions most likely arose from changes in the perceptual grouping of the distractor circles, strongly supporting our conclusion that perceptual grouping can take place in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM suggest that one way we might have provided firm evidence for the absence of attention in the contralesional field would have been to create a control condition in which the patients were required to perform a task on the distractor circles in the presence of the checkerboard ma- trix (i.e., reversing the task)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They argue that this condition would have yielded a measure of the extent of left-sided attention (or lack thereof) under the same conditions as the experimental grouping paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MM themselves adopted this approach in a study in which they explored whether pictorial information presented in the neglected field was processed sufficiently well to prime lexical de- cision targets presented centrally (McGlinchey-Berroth et al., 1993)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition to the patients' completing the pictorial semantic priming task, their patients performed a control task requiring forced-choice discrimination of the very pictures used in the semantics task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results revealed that pictures presented to the neglected field yielded faster lexical decision times to the central probe when the picture and word were related than when they were not related (semantic priming)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, because, in the discrimination condition, the patients could not reli- ably identify the left-sided pictures, McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) concluded that the neglected/unattended in- formation can indeed be processed semantically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a comprehensive review on perception without awareness, Farah (1994) argued that the conclusions from McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) were not defini- tive in and of themselves and she challenged the findings of both the experimental task and the control task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, in semantic priming paradigms with pictures used as the convincingly, the patients' performance was not statisti- cally different from that of controls."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM concede that the entire task-irrelevant distractor grid might not have been processed but then ask whether partial access to the rightmost portion of the grid might have sufficed to allow the participants to discriminate be- tween the grids and to establish whether the grids changed or remained the same across successive displays."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "MM pro- vide examples of a possible scenario in which the patients have access to two adjacent dots."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On MM's account, the observer need only see whether the contrast between two dots remains the same or changes in order to distinguish between the grids: If the contrast between the two dots remains the same across two successive displays, the grids remain the same, whereas if the contrast changes, the grids change."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, for the contrast between two dots to be a valid cue for distinguishing between the grids, it is necessary that the patients are indeed able to compare the contrast between the pair of dots on Display 1 and Display 2 and, critically, that they are able (under care- fully titrated limited exposure) to zero in on the precise two dots in their neglected contralesional field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us il- lustrate the situation first for the rows/columns condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imagine, for example, that the patients focus on the two horizontally adjacent dots on the upper right corner of the distractor grid on Display 1 and Display 2 (as depicted in MM, Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this case, the contrast between two dots might serve as a valid cue, and congruency effects could possibly arise. But what if, on some of the trials, the patients focus on adjacent dots of different orientations in successive displays-for example, on the two horizontally adjacent dots on the upper right corner on Display 1 and on the two vertically adjacent dots on the upper right cor- ner on Display 2? In such a case, the contrast between two adjacent dots is no longer a valid cue for distinguishing between the distractor grids, because the contrast between the pair changes across successive displays when the grid organization remains the same."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, just detecting whether the contrast between two adjacent dots changes or remains the same is not sufficient for distinguishing between the distractor grids; the pair of two adjacent dots across successive displays needs to be of identical orienta- tion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It follows, then, that the contrast between two adja- cent dots can be a valid cue on some trials and invalid on others, depending on whether or not the patient focused on the pair in the same orientation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, our results showed reliable congruency effects in this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The probability of the contrast between two adjacent dots serving as a valid cue for distinguishing between the distractor grids is even lower in the square/cross condition."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this condition, there is only one pair of horizontally ad- jacent dots on the rightmost portion of the distractor grid that can provide useful information-the two rightmost horizontal dots located on the midline (depicted in MM, is not straightforward, and reaching conclusions about the true status of attention during the experimental task is not trivial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, MM caution us and other researchers about the need for extraordinarily careful attention to the sophistication of the visual system and the importance of being mindful across the entire methodological space when designing experiments to examine perception without at- tention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We wholeheartedly agree with these cautionary warnings, which is exactly why we were unprecedented in the characterization of our patient sample with multiple clinical, psychophysical, and experimental measures; in our use of a stringent, rigidly controlled paradigm specifi- cally designed for investigating perceptual grouping with- out awareness (even in typical observers); in our modifi- cation of this procedure to make it even more stringent (staircasing the display, separating the task-relevant and task-irrelevant information); and in our specific method- ological choices for comparison/control conditions within this experimental paradigm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, we are confident in our findings and conclusion that perceptual grouping can occur in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4734__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Shomstein, Kimchi, Hammer, and Behrmann (2010) try to capitalize on the apparent dissociation between vision and the processes that seem to mediate neglect patients’ attentional selection and awareness to investigate the processing of perceptual grouping in the absence of visual attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We argue that to assess this type of dissociation requires specific methodological adaptations to determine whether visual attention is in operation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We caution that Shomstein et al. ’s article does not present convincing evidence of grouping without attentional selection because they do not directly assess attentional selection in their experimental task."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is really no surprise that the clinical phenomenon of hemispatial neglect periodically catches the attention of cognitive scientists who are interested in the foundational question of how visual consciousness and perception interact: In neglect, there appears to be a dissociation between the two so that patients behave as if they are blind to the visual world contained in the contralesional hemifield (usually left), though it can be shown that basic vision is, in fact, largely intact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hemispatial neglect, as we will refer to it here, is often caused by a stroke that damages neural tissues within several structures of the right cerebral hemisphere, often in the parietal/posterior temporal lobe area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This lesion spares primary visual cortex and most of the pathways that carry visual information to it, including most of the optic radiations originating in the ipsilesional lateral geniculate nucleus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whether tested by the wiggle of a single finger placed at different points in the patients’ visual field or by formal perimetry, it is usually possible to demonstrate that hemispatial neglect is not the result of a primary sensory deficit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Hemispatial neglect patients can often detect a simple moving finger, or blinked dots of light in the very areas of the contralesional visual hemifield that they seem not to see or use when navigating around a room, eating food on a plate, or combing their hair in a mirror."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Neglect patients will rack up bruises on the left sides of their bodies, have eyeglasses with the left lens broken, knock knickknacks off of furniture to the left of their routes, and eat only from the right side of a plate, as if their contralesional visual world does not exist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Tragically, they often deny that anything is wrong, sometimes passionately so."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Their “anosognosia” for these problems makes treatment and rehabilitation difficult, if not impossible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Shomstein, Kimchi, Hammer, and Behrmann (2010) try to capitalize on the apparent dissociation between vision and the processes that seem to mediate such patients’ use of visual information to investigate cognitive processes (i.e., perceptual grouping) in the absence of visual attention (i.e., using hemispatial neglect patients as participants)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we will review below, this simple dissociation is not the nature of hemispatial neglect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the basis of patients’ performance across two tasks, Shomstein et al. conclude that “perceptual grouping” occurred without attention or awareness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although this may be true under certain circumstances, it cannot and should not be drawn from the data presented."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our point of contention rests on the validity of Shomstein et al. ’s (2010) critical claim that the congruity effect observed on their sequential matching task occurred without “attentional selection.” This is a questionable assertion because assessment and determination of patients’ attentional selection abilities was based on a completely different task (i.e., the “attentional cuing” task) from the one used to infer the influence of perceptual grouping."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are two reasons why one cannot be confident that evidence of attentional selection provided by one task may be used to infer the level of attentional selection in another."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the relationship among tasks sensitive to neglect tends to be highly variable and often weak; and second, neglect itself tends not to be uniform across the neglected field, especially if the tasks are not equally sensitive to symptoms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The literature is full of examples of the psychometric variability among measures of neglect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Different standard neglect measures vary greatly in sensitivity [1], in how they covary, and in their consequent factor structure [1][2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, Azouvi et al. examined the correlations among typical clinical measures of neglect (e.g., line bisection, cancellation), finding correlations that ranged from as low as r = .10 (for figure copying vs. 5-cm line bisection) to r = .78 (for naming of overlapping figures vs. reading) with a mean correlation (between the Bells test and other measures) around r = .56, suggesting only about 30% common variance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, in a study of 120 patients with hemispatial neglect, McGlinchey-Berroth, Bullis, et al. found groups of patients who performed poorly either on line bisection or on search tasks but not on both, indicating that impairments can occur on one task independently of the other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For their claim to be valid, one would have to assume that in the Shomstein et al. ( 2010) study, the sensitivity to attentional selection in the cuing task was less than or equal to what would have been required in order to discriminate between the grid patterns presented in the left hemifield in the sequential matching task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, Shomstein et al. do not assess how accurately the participants discriminated the distractor patterns presented in the cross-field condition of the sequential matching task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In order to infer a lack of attentional selection in the sequential matching task, one would have to bet that patients would perform worse on that task than on the cuing task."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such a bet would be ill advised, not only because of the issue of task variability, but also because there is reason to believe that the patients had a pretty good chance of telling whether the patterns were the same or different using intact attentional selection, as we will demonstrate below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the mysteries of neglect is that symptoms can vary with the frame of reference in which attention is deployed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some patients seem to neglect the left side of space, defined by their subjective visual midlines; some show neglect for the left side of objects even when the objects are placed to the right of midline; and some patients show evidence of visual allesthesia, transposing information present in the left hemifield into the right."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These phenomena have been well documented in the literature [3] and studied experimentally [4], reflecting the variability in how attention may be deployed in this patient population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recent attempts to study the quantitative distribution of attention in neglect document not only that the likelihood of attentional selection is highly variable within the neglected hemifield, but that such selection often shows a clear gradient, with the greatest likelihood of signal detection occurring close to the midline, dropping off toward the left and bottom of the field [5][6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Deouell, Sacher, and Soroker (2005) presented a sophisticated analysis of this phenomenon measuring reaction time and accuracy to detect a small circular target presented against a changing array of distractors across the visual fields of right- and left-hemisphere stroke patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only for right-hemisphere patients did they find that the detection of targets could be equivalent within several degrees on either side of the central midline, with some patients detecting targets well into the left hemifield."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given these findings, one could ask whether partial access to the grids in the sequential grouping task provided enough information to allow the participants to discriminate between the stimuli, even if the entire grid was not available to attentional selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An inspection of Figure 2 in Shomstein et al. ( 2010) suggests that the answer to this question is “yes”; it may be possible to distinguish between same and different trials using only the rightmost portion (next to midline) of the overall design for left hemifield grids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For the reader’s convenience, Figure 1 shows occluded views of Shomstein et al. ’s figures, leaving only two dots visible on the right side of the designs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is clear that it is only necessary to see that two adjacent dots have the same or different contrast to distinguish the grids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Although the grayscale levels may change from trial to trial, the contrast between pairs of horizontally adjacent dots may have served as a cue to the condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We assert that if the patients can attend to even a small portion of the design that proves to be sufficient to distinguish between conditions, the effects on the target cannot be interpreted as evidence of any sort of perceptual processing without attentional selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, the demonstration of perceptual processing in the “absence of attention” is not without precedent [7][8][9][10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is even some evidence of the existence of what were termed “preattentive grouping mechanisms” in a study of illusory contours in patients with neglect [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These studies had to confront the same complex clinical phenomenology using experimental methods like Shomstein et al. ’s (2010), and suggest that there is some methodological redress for the issues that we have raised here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One solution is to create a control condition requiring attentional selection of the distractor grids juxtaposed to stimuli that are similar to those that were used as targets (basically reversing the task)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was the standard used in the first experimental demonstration that pictorial information in the neglected field could semantically prime lexical decision targets that were presented centrally [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Not only was it demonstrated that patients could not reliably identify the pictures in a forced choice task presented under conditions identical to the priming paradigm, but data were presented showing that patients with actual visual hemifield deficits did not prime."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the context of the Shomstein et al. study, if patients cannot make same/different judgments at a level greater than chance and still show a congruency effect on the main task, the authors will have a convincing demonstration that grouping can occur without attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Until then, the acceptance of these data as evidence of grouping without attentional selection would require a kind of anosagnosia to methodological detail on the part of the reader."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hemispatial neglect can, indeed, provide a window into the complex interaction between consciousness and visual perception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, such investigation requires extraordinarily careful attention to the inherent sophistication of the visual system to adapt to natural and experimental challenges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is imperative when using hemispatial neglect as a model for normal processing without awareness that investigators be mindful across the entire methodological space."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4734__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Milberg and McGlinchey (2010) claim that the conclusions we reach in “Perceptual Grouping Operates Independently of Attentional Selection: Evidence From Hemispatial Neglect” are unwarranted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Specifically, it is asserted that insufficient methodological control was exerted over the attentional status of the patients and that partial attention to the contralesional field could have resulted in the congruency effects we observe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although we agree with their methodological cautions in general, we argue that our investigation is, in fact, methodologically sound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In particular, we reiterate and highlight that our investigation is unprecedented in the characterization of a patient sample with multiple clinical, psychophysical, and experimental measures; in our use of a stringent, rigidly controlled paradigm specifically designed for investigating perceptual grouping without awareness; in our modification of the experimental procedure to make it even more stringent; and in our specific methodological choices for comparison/control conditions within this experimental paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We also demonstrate that partial attention to the contralesional left cannot support the robust congruency effects we observe."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In light of this, we remain confident of our interpretation of our findings and suggest that perceptual grouping can indeed operate in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their critique of our article “Perceptual Grouping Operates Independently of Attentional Selection: Evidence From Hemispatial Neglect” (Shomstein, Kimchi, Hammer, & Behrmann, 2010), Milberg and McGlinchey (2010; MM) accurately capture the key characteristics of hemispatial neglect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, and rightly, they point out that this neuropsychological disorder is of great interest to vision scientists, given the dissociation between the patients’ apparent perception of the visual world concurrent with their lack of conscious awareness of the very same perceptual information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The study of the extent to which perceptual information can be processed in the absence of attention and awareness has a long and controversial history in psychological science [1, 2, 3] and in neuropsychology [4, 5], and this issue is still heavily debated."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is the case, however, that MM’s core criticisms of our methodological choices, including the way we characterize the attentional abilities of our neglect patients and our choice of paradigm and control/comparison conditions do not fundamentally challenge our core findings and, moreover, do not challenge our conclusion that perceptual grouping can indeed occur in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neglect As a Model for Investigating Perceptual Grouping Without Awareness"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the longstanding problems that continues to plague researchers interested in “perception without awareness” is the difficulty in ensuring that the observer is indeed unaware of the information s/he is purported to have processed perceptually."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study of the nature and extent of perceptual processing in the contralesional field in individuals with hemispatial neglect is especially appealing, then, because it offers a methodological alternative to circumvent the need to ensure that “unattended” information is indeed “unattended.” Given that these patients do not orient to the contralesional side and that they do not volitionally report the information on the unattended side, the assumption is that they are simply not aware of this information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One can then ask how much perceptual processing takes place under these conditions of inattention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the early studies of Volpe, Ledoux, and Gazzaniga (1979) and Marshall and Halligan (1988), many neuropsychological investigations have examined the fate of the unattended contralateral information, and MM and their collaborators have contributed substantially to this literature [6, 7, 8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our study is conducted within this neuropsychological tradition and focuses on whether contralesional perceptual information (appearing on the left side in patients with a right-hemisphere lesion) can be grouped or organized perceptually in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also explore whether the perceptual fate of this unattended information varies with the severity of the hemispatial neglect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To address this issue, we adopt a procedure that has been extensively and successfully used in investigations that ask similar questions with normal observers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In brief, in our study, 8 patients with hemispatial neglect (diagnosed using a standardized, normed bedside battery, and confirmed and quantified using a covert spatial attentional paradigm) performed a matrix change detection task on a black and white checkerboard placed in their intact ipsilesional field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The matrix could remain the same across two successive displays, or a single square could be shifted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Concurrent with this demanding perceptual task, task-irrelevant information, consisting of grayscale circles, was presented in the contralesional field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The task-irrelevant information could either maintain the same perceptual organization from Display 1 to Display 2 (e.g., in both cases the circles would be grouped by lightness similarity into rows) or change from Display 1 to Display 2 (e.g., change from grouping into rows to grouping into columns)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Note that, independent of whether the organization of the circles was maintained or not, all circles changed their grayscale value from Display 1 to Display 2 to control for the possibility that changes in organization could be detected from changes in the lightness of each circle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our central finding is that the reaction time in the ipsilesional matrix task is influenced by the change in or maintenance of the organization of the ignored task-irrelevant circles in the contralateral field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, “same” responses to the checkerboard matrix were faster when the organization of the task-irrelevant circles remained the same (e.g., organized into rows in both Displays 1 and 2) than when the task-irrelevant organization differed (e.g., organized into rows on Display 1 but into columns on Display 2), and vice versa for task-relevant “different” responses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Not only was the extent of the congruency effect equivalent for the patients and the controls, but the magnitude of the congruency effect was statistically equivalent for patients who were mildly neglectful and for those who were more severely neglectful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, and importantly, for all individuals, the magnitude of the congruency effect was equivalent when the task-irrelevant circles were presented in the left field and, in another control condition, in the right visual field together with the change detection matrix, demonstrating that implicit perceptual organization is as good in the unaware contralesional field as in the ipsilesional field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM, while acknowledging that perception might indeed occur without awareness under some conditions (as they themselves have demonstrated in the past), challenge our conclusion that patients with neglect evince perceptual grouping in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, they assert that we have “anosagnosia” (a condition in which a person who suffers disability seems unaware of or denies the existence of his or her disability) to methodological detail and that researchers (including us) need to be mindful of details across the entire methodological space."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While MM’s assertions are witty, the arguments themselves are weak."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They raise two key issues, which, they suggest, prevent us from reaching our conclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One issue concerns the assessment of the patients’ attentional abilities on a task different from that used to infer inattentional grouping, and the second is that neglect is not uniform across the neglected field and so patients may be explicitly able to process some of the supposed unattended information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We deal with each issue in turn."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Assessment and Determination of Attentional Abilities Was Established on a Task Different From That Used to Infer the Influence of Inattentional Grouping"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 8], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM argue that one cannot be confident about the status of the attentional impairment in the key experimental task (change detection/task-irrelevant grouping), because we measured the patients’ attentional status on a different task using the covert spatial cuing paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They bolster their claim by pointing to studies that show poor correlation among neglect tasks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although this psychometric variability is worthy of notice, this particular point is not directly relevant here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the outset, we note that MM refer to the fact that we assess the patients’ attentional status on the covert attentional cuing paradigm and do not acknowledge that all patients in our study were initially tested on the well-known Behavioural Inattention Test as well [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The BIT is probably the most popular test for diagnosing neglect and is widely used for this purpose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It comprises nine conventional tests of neglect, it is well normed with a correlation .92 (p < .0001) between the subtests, and the BIT neglect score is highly correlated with the responses of clinicians to a short questionnaire, .67 (p < .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One study has confirmed that seven of the nine BIT behavioral subtests differentiated significantly between subjects with visual neglect and those without neglect and, furthermore, that most of the subtests correlated significantly with the Activities of Daily Living checklist [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0044__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These findings support the construct and predictive validity of most of the BIT behavioral subtests as functional measures of unilateral neglect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of note too, the covert attentional paradigm task (adopted from Posner, Snyder, & Davidson, 1980) was not used to determine simply whether the participants did or did not have neglect; that determination was made on the basis of the BIT scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The covert attentional task was used: (1) to confirm the presence of attentional neglect with a sensitive psychophysical test, thereby increasing our confidence in the neglect diagnosis; and (2) to determine the severity of attentional neglect for each individual, a point that is not acknowledged by MM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also confirmed that the BIT neglect scores and an index of attentional dysfunction (derived from the covert cuing paradigm) of the patients were highly correlated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We note, too, that previous studies have documented a strong association between clinical measures of neglect and performance on the cued attentional paradigm that we have used [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is no question, then, that the diagnosis of neglect in the patients was correct and, moreover, that the quantification of the extent of the neglect, as derived from the BIT and cuing task, was accurate and reliable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our approach of diagnosing and quantifying the severity of the neglect impairment across multiple tasks goes well beyond what is typically done in the existing literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "With few exceptions, the characterization of neglect in existing neuropsychological studies of perception without awareness is done on the basis of lesion site, clinical observation, and/or some bedside testing (horizontal line bisection, line cancellation, figure drawing, single word reading)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0045__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We are confident that we have thoroughly characterized the nature and severity of the attentional impairments in our sample of neglect patients and, therefore, that our results are strengthened, not weakened as MM suggest, by our findings of highly correlated impairment across both traditional and psychophysical measures of attentional abilities in the patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients Able to Detect Some Left-Sided Information"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM also claim that because the assessment of neglect is not done in the context of the detection task, we do not know about the patients’ attentional status during the actual experimental paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In other words, they argue that our conclusions for inattentional grouping of contralesional information are not warranted, because the neglect evinced by our patients may not be uniform across the field during the experiment itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the patients may still have been able to utilize some of the information from the left field and this information might have given rise to the observed congruency effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They suggest that if this is true, then the effect of contralesional information on the matrix task cannot be interpreted as evidence for processing in the absence of attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "MM appeal to several studies showing that some neglect patients are still able to detect targets placed well into the left hemifield."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They also illustrate their point in a figure by showing that even partial information, such as that placed just to the left of the central midline, may have been enough to give rise to the congruency effects we report."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We were well aware of this possibility when we designed the experiment and went to great lengths to constrain the paradigm and limit attention “leaking” to the neglected field."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0047__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We submit that our paradigm makes it highly improbable that patients could make use of left-sided information, and that in the highly unlikely case that some attention had “leaked” through, this could not suffice to give rise to the findings we have obtained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Experimental Changes to Limit Attentional “Leaking” to the Contralateral Field"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experimental paradigm we adopted has been used previously to demonstrate grouping in the absence of visual attention."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, Driver, Davis, Russell, Turatto, and Freeman (2001) have argued that it is only in the context of indirect tasks such as this one (and essentially we use the same task that they did), where the observer is not directly questioned and where the limitation of self-report is circumvented, that conclusions about processing in the absence of attention can be reached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This type of matrix comparison task, in the presence of task-irrelevant distractors, has been used in other recent studies, too."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In all these studies, normal participants perform a demanding change detection task on a small black-and-white matrix at fixation, and task-irrelevant background elements are arranged by color similarity into columns, rows, or simple shapes [12, 13], or the background is composed of alternating regions organized into figures and grounds by convexity [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In these paradigms, as is also true in our paradigm, independent of any change in the target matrix, the perceptual organization of the background can change or remain the same across two successive displays."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These studies all report that the status of the background organization influenced the speed and accuracy of change judgments for the central matrix task, even though the status of the background organization (continuity or change) could not be explicitly reported when probed with surprise questions as in Mack and Rock’s (1998) inattention blindness studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That the observers were unable to report the status of the task-irrelevant circles was taken as evidence that the observers were unaware of the perceptual organization of the background, yet congruency effects were still obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Crucially, these experiments were conducted with normal observers who are usually attentive to the entire field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even though the checkerboard matrix was essentially embedded into the center of the task-irrelevant background, there is general agreement that the matrix change detection task is so absorbing/demanding and of such high attentional load [15] that no attention can “leak” to the background display."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our version of the paradigm, the matrix and task-irrelevant grid were spatially separated, making it even more unlikely that the contralateral task-irrelevant information was processed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, the chances of attention “leaking” to the neglected field were extraordinarily slim."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to separating the change detection matrix and the distractor grid spatially, we imposed additional, carefully controlled, constraints on our task to make it even more unlikely that the patients could process the distractors in the contralesional field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, we manipulated the exposure duration of the first display of the trial (see Figure 2A in Shomstein et al., 2010) via a staircasing procedure that yielded 85% accuracy in the matrix change detection task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the observers had limited exposure to the initial display, requiring them to focus on the relevant, and not on the irrelevant, task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, we know that patients with neglect tend to be more rightward oriented in their gaze (and attention) [16, 17], further ensuring their ipsilesional bias: Indeed, the average spontaneous gaze position of a group of patients with neglect was 46º to the right [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If this ipsilesional bias, or something akin to it, was true in our sample of patients, this further decreases the probability of the patients’ processing of the distractor circles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, if, for argument’s sake, we were to entertain the possibility that, notwithstanding the constraints of our design, patients had some residual attention to be allocated to the task-irrelevant distractor, we might have predicted modulation of the distractor congruency effect with the severity of neglect (normal, good detectors, poor detectors)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As is evident from our findings, this prediction was not upheld: The extent to which task-irrelevant distractors affected target processing did not differ as a function of neglect severity in the patients, and, even more convincingly, the patients’ performance was not statistically different from that of controls."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Was Any Contralateral Information Useful for Discriminating the Grids Without Invoking Perceptual Grouping?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM concede that the entire task-irrelevant distractor grid might not have been processed but then ask whether partial access to the rightmost portion of the grid might have sufficed to allow the participants to discriminate between the grids and to establish whether the grids changed or remained the same across successive displays."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "MM provide examples of a possible scenario in which the patients have access to two adjacent dots."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On MM’s account, the observer need only see whether the contrast between two dots remains the same or changes in order to distinguish between the grids: If the contrast between the two dots remains the same across two successive displays, the grids remain the same, whereas if the contrast changes, the grids change."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, for the contrast between two dots to be a valid cue for distinguishing between the grids, it is necessary that the patients are indeed able to compare the contrast between the pair of dots on Display 1 and Display 2 and, critically, that they are able (under carefully titrated limited exposure) to zero in on the precise two dots in their neglected contralesional field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us illustrate the situation first for the rows/columns condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imagine, for example, that the patients focus on the two horizontally adjacent dots on the upper right corner of the distractor grid on Display 1 and Display 2 (as depicted in MM, Figure 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this case, the contrast between two dots might serve as a valid cue, and congruency effects could possibly arise. But what if, on some of the trials, the patients focus on adjacent dots of different orientations in successive displays—for example, on the two horizontally adjacent dots on the upper right corner on Display 1 and on the two vertically adjacent dots on the upper right corner on Display 2? In such a case, the contrast between two adjacent dots is no longer a valid cue for distinguishing between the distractor grids, because the contrast between the pair changes across successive displays when the grid organization remains the same."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, just detecting whether the contrast between two adjacent dots changes or remains the same is not sufficient for distinguishing between the distractor grids; the pair of two adjacent dots across successive displays needs to be of identical orientation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It follows, then, that the contrast between two adjacent dots can be a valid cue on some trials and invalid on others, depending on whether or not the patient focused on the pair in the same orientation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, our results showed reliable congruency effects in this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The probability of the contrast between two adjacent dots serving as a valid cue for distinguishing between the distractor grids is even lower in the square/cross condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this condition, there is only one pair of horizontally adjacent dots on the rightmost portion of the distractor grid that can provide useful information—the two rightmost horizontal dots located on the midline (depicted in MM, Figure 1)—and perhaps two pairs of vertically adjacent dots located on the middle of the next to the rightmost column."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No other pair of horizontally adjacent dots or vertically adjacent dots on the rightmost portion of the display, nor even the whole rightmost column, provides predictive information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, in this condition, not only do the patients have to focus on the same orientation across successive displays, they also have to focus on the precise two adjacent dots that can provide the useful information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Given these constraints, the chances that the contrast between two adjacent dots in the rightmost portion of the display would serve as a valid cue on all trials are clearly low."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0057__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Nonetheless, we again obtained reliable congruency effects in this condition, and most importantly, there is no difference in congruency effects between this condition and the rows/columns condition (or between cross-field and within-field trials)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is clear then that just attending to a small, rightmost portion of the distractor grid is not sufficient for reliably distinguishing between the grids, particularly across conditions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, the robust congruency effects that we obtained in the two organization conditions most likely arose from changes in the perceptual grouping of the distractor circles, strongly supporting our conclusion that perceptual grouping can take place in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An Appropriate “Control Condition”?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MM suggest that one way we might have provided firm evidence for the absence of attention in the contralesional field would have been to create a control condition in which the patients were required to perform a task on the distractor circles in the presence of the checkerboard matrix (i.e., reversing the task)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They argue that this condition would have yielded a measure of the extent of left-sided attention (or lack thereof) under the same conditions as the experimental grouping paradigm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MM themselves adopted this approach in a study in which they explored whether pictorial information presented in the neglected field was processed sufficiently well to prime lexical decision targets presented centrally [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition to the patients’ completing the pictorial semantic priming task, their patients performed a control task requiring forced-choice discrimination of the very pictures used in the semantics task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results revealed that pictures presented to the neglected field yielded faster lexical decision times to the central probe when the picture and word were related than when they were not related (semantic priming)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, because, in the discrimination condition, the patients could not reliably identify the left-sided pictures, McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) concluded that the neglected/unattended information can indeed be processed semantically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a comprehensive review on perception without awareness, Farah (1994) argued that the conclusions from McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) were not definitive in and of themselves and she challenged the findings of both the experimental task and the control task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, in semantic priming paradigms with pictures used as the prime, normal observers typically show more priming (faster reaction time for semantically related than for semantically unrelated picture primes preceding letter string probes) when the picture prime is presented in the left field than when the picture prime is presented in the right field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the neglect patients in the McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) study showed equal priming from the picture primes presented to the left and to the right of fixation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The absence of the normal left field priming advantage in the neglect patients suggests that processing of neglected information in the contralesional left field might not be normal and, as such, may undermine their claim of preserved semantic processing under inattention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also possible that the observed semantic facilitation might not result from the pictures’ being semantically processed in the absence of attention and that an alternative mechanism might be at play."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, rather than the pictorial information (say, a picture of an eye in the left field) priming the lexical decision to the letter string “nose” presented centrally, it remains possible that backward priming occurred from the central letter string."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On this account, the letter string “nose,” represented well (given its central location), activated its semantic associates and then backwardly primed the poorly perceived pictorial information “eye” in the neglected left field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The activation of the “eye,” in turn, speeded the lexical decision response time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It has previously been shown that even contralesional information that is greatly degraded by the presence of neglect can still be recovered by top-down pattern completion (akin to backward priming)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, activation of the letter string “nose” and its activated semantic associates can lead to pattern completion of the impoverished representation of the picture of the “eye” in the left field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This pattern completion would not occur for unrelated semantic information; the letter string “ship” has no semantic means to activate the representation of the picture of an “eye."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0062__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "” This type of pattern completion and its ability to offset the neglect impairment has been demonstrated in empirical findings as well as in computational investigations of these neglect phenomena [19, 20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Farah (1994) also challenged the conclusions of McGlinchey-Berroth et al. ( 1993) on the basis of their control condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the forced-choice discrimination control condition, when the pictures were on the left, the neglect patients performed roughly at chance (56%), indicating minimal, if any, discrimination of the pictorial information on the left, and supporting the claim of insufficient attention to information in the left field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, Farah pointed out that the discrimination accuracy for the pictorial information presented in the right field was only 74%, raising concern that performance on this control task might have been limited by factors other than the neglect per se."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The implication is that confirming that attention is not deployed contralesionally, under conditions that resemble those of the experimental paradigm, is not straightforward, and reaching conclusions about the true status of attention during the experimental task is not trivial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conclusion"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4734", "paragraph_id": "triad_4734__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, MM caution us and other researchers about the need for extraordinarily careful attention to the sophistication of the visual system and the importance of being mindful across the entire methodological space when designing experiments to examine perception without attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We wholeheartedly agree with these cautionary warnings, which is exactly why we were unprecedented in the characterization of our patient sample with multiple clinical, psychophysical, and experimental measures; in our use of a stringent, rigidly controlled paradigm specifically designed for investigating perceptual grouping without awareness (even in typical observers); in our modification of this procedure to make it even more stringent (staircasing the display, separating the task-relevant and task-irrelevant information); and in our specific methodological choices for comparison/control conditions within this experimental paradigm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4734__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, we are confident in our findings and conclusion that perceptual grouping can occur in the absence of attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4734/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2064707820_W2017048664_W2086678734", "triad_name": "triad_4734", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4734__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Investigations of relative sea-level changes at local and regional scales are important to distinguish the impact of land tectonics and isostasy from those of eustatic sea level changes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This works aims to comment and provide alternative interpretations to the data used by Castro et al. ( 2014) to discuss the behavior of the paleo-sea level at Rio de Janeiro coast during the Mid to Late Holocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) paper presents new relevant information to aid with Holocene relative sea- level (RSL) reconstructions along the coast of Rio de Janeiro."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The data set is extensive (29 listed indicators, out of which 14 were used in the sea level curve) and from different sources."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, there are several problems that compromise the authors' interpretations and final conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first concerns, and perhaps the most compromising, is related to the paleo-sea level reconstruction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors mistake the altitude of the indicators as the paleo-sea level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a result, their final paleo-sea level curve is not a relative curve but a curve showing the altitude of the paleo- sea level indicators (vermetids and beachrock shells)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) postulate that one of the greatest challenges in generating an RSL curve is ) compares the upper limit of former urchin holes with the upper limit of living urchins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As this distance is around 2 m the author correctly concludes that the older urchin holes indicate a paleo-sea level 2 m higher than the present one."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, there is no need to determine the present mean-sea level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This procedure was largely accepted and is described in several manuals on sea-level reconstructions (e.g. Martin et al. 1982, Van de Plassche 1986, Pirazzoli 1996)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) also postulate that several investigations conducted on the South American coasts regarding relative sea-level variations have not clearly or precisely defined the reference level of the samples used in the vertical plane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is true because it is not necessary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors stress that the absence of this information yields potential inaccuracies regarding the height of the marine paleo-levels of the proposed curves."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That, on the other hand, is incorrect because the inaccuracies in defining paleo-sea levels are related to the intrinsic characteristics of the given indicator, its vertical spread and the uncertainty related to where, within this spread, the remains are from."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is not related to the accuracy of determining the present mean- sea level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the same line the authors also stress that the field method applied for estimating the elevations of the samples (GPS trackers) has a very small margin of error and therefore suggest that the method employed in this study would need to be applied to other parts of the Brazilian coastline."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We emphasize that this procedure is not necessary, and that efforts must concentrate on the determination of the vertical distance between the paleo-sea level indicators and their living homologous one."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, the error inherent to the paleo-sea level indicator is tens to hundreds of times larger than the measurement error associated with GPS trackers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other worth-mentioning confusions in the paper are:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) The authors assertion that their results confirm other data already obtained elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of South America."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is not possible because along the Atlantic coast of South America there are divergent data (e.g. Martin et al. 2003, Angulo et al. 2006), including a former Castro et al. ( 2012) paper where it is postulated that at 13,130 calibrated years before present (cal a BP) sea-level at Cabo Frio was 1.5 m above present sea- level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, it is remarkable that those two comprehensive papers about Holocene sea-level changes along the Brazilian coast (Martin et al. 2003, Angulo et al. 2006) have not been referenced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, several paleo-sea level reconstructions from the state of Rio de Janeiro were not even mentioned, including those from Cabo Frio region published in former works (Laborel 1969, Delibrias and Laborel 1969, Martin et al. 1979, 1979/80, 1983, 1984, 1996, 1997, Martin and Suguio 1978, 1989, Maia et al. 1984, Table I) and used by Angulo et al. ( 2006) to build the Brazilian sea-level envelope from Pernambuco to Paraná (Fig. 1)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(2) The authors inform that the vermetid used as a paleo-sea level indicator corresponds to Laguncularia racemosa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a mangrove, not vermetid, species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Probably the vermetid found at Cabo Frio corresponds to Petaloconchus (Macorphragma) varians, the most common vermetid species along the Brazilian coast."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(3) The authors inform that eight percussion drills were performed perpendicular to the coastline within the study area, but no data or interpretation of those cores are presented in the paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(4) The authors inform that in total, 29 (or 22) samples were radiocarbon dated for conventional method but we can only identify 14 dated samples in the curve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Besides, there is no clear indication 2107 as to which listed samples the points in the curve correspond to."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To use the beachrock, or any coastal sedimen- tary deposit, as an indication of paleo-sea levels de- mands knowledge of its sedimentary facies associ- ation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No information about the beachrock facies is provided by Castro et al. ( 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors only inform that the sedimentological and stratigraphic characteristics of the beach environment, which include a tabular morphology with smooth dips be- low >3° and a micro-tidal regime with variations of <1.0 m on the coast of the state of Rio de Ja- neiro, confer accuracy to these rocks as indicators of the mean sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Consequently, they infer that all altitude samples correspond to former mean-sea level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is well known that beachrocks have differ- ent origins and can be formed at several altitudes (see e.g. Stoddart and Cann 1965, Hopley 1986, Turner 2005, Vousdoukas et al. 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0012__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "One of the samples used by Castro et al. ( 2014) to build their curve corresponds to mollusk shell fragments from Jaconé beachrock described and dated by Mansur et al. ( 2011)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After analyzing the beachrock facies, Mansur et al. ( 2011) concluded that the dated shells fragments were deposited at the lower part of the beach face at a time when sea-level was a little low- er than the present one."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, it can be suggested that sea-level was a little lower (0.5 m, according Castro et al. 2014) than the present one between 8198-7827 cal a BP (age of shell fragments) and 6008-5786 cal a BP (age of beachrock cement, Mansur et al. 2011, Table II), which again fits with the eustatic sea-level curve produced by Milne et al. ( 2005)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We argue that the dates presented by Castro et al. ( 2014), when correctly interpreted, are compatible with the eustatic sea-level curve proposed by Milne et al. ( 2005) for the coast of Rio de Janeiro, with the sea-level envelope proposed by Angulo et al. ( 2006) for the Brazilian coast between Pernambuco 2110 RODOLFO J. ANGULO, PAULO C.F. GIANNINI, MARIA CRISTINA DE SOUZA and GUILHERME C. LESSA and Santa Catarina and with former data published from the coast of Rio de Janeiro."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In summary, it can be stated that: (a) the paleo-sea levels inferred by vermetid remains show that sea-level has fallen over the past 4400 cal a BP; at least (b) the paleo- sea level inferred by the beachrock facies and dated shells of Jaconé shows that sea-level was near the present elevation between 8198 and 5786 cal a BP; and (c) several shells from other beachrocks were deposited probably thousands of years after the specimens died and consequently do not allow precise reconstructions of paleo-sea levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_0__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interpretation of sea-level indicators is essential when studying paleo sea-level fluctuations during the Holocene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sea-level indicators may have different origins, such as geological (beachrocks) and biological (vermetids and barnacles)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In order to reconstruct paleo sea-level, it is necessary to attribute an indicative meaning to each sea-level indicator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This paper aims to discuss issues raised by Angulo et al. ( 2016) regarding to the sea-level fluctuations curve proposed by Castro et al. ( 2014) to the Rio de Janeiro State coast, Brazilian southeast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The key issue that deserves posing is that local or regional curves cannot be built based on large scale (global) RSL geophysical models even in places of steady crust like Brazil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Here, we put into question the relative sea-level fluctuation curve model proposed by Angulo et al. ( 2006, 2016) to the coast of Rio de Janeiro State and Pernambuco State."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is strengthened the proposal of using different origins indicators on RSL vertical variation, georeferenced by high precision altitude GPS, adjusted by Brazilian Geodetic System benchmarks, maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "All issues regarding the curve drawn by Castro et al. ( 2014) are answered based on field data, laboratory analytical techniques, radiocarbon dating as well as relevant literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We appreciate Angulo et al. ( 2016) comments and the opportunity to discuss some important aspects related to sea-level fluctuation and coastal evolution in southeastern Brazil."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0015__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Data confrontation and controversy involving interpretation related to sea-level changes at the Brazilian coast during the Holocene are a challenge for the advancement of scientific knowledge about the subject."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the 1980s curves of relative sea-level changes worldwide during Holocene have revealed great surprises and brought up unconceivable discussions before that time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among them the fact that there is no single curve of global variation even in regions of stable crust like Brazil [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This finding has pushed for new researches aiming RSL curves all around the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Suguio et al. ( 1985) have proposed that paleo sea-level have dropped from 4.0 m to 5.0 m in the last 5,500 years in the Brazilian east coast [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The idea of paleo sea-level higher than the current during Holocene was accepted with a degree of reluctance since it was contrary to the United States east coast curve, which shows an ongoing ascension at the same time interval."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From the end of last century till nowadays divergences have arisen regarding data interpretation about relative sea-level curves at the Brazilian coast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Tomazelli et al. ( 1998) has sketched out a curve to Rio Grande do Sul State coast that diverges in some aspects from curves proposed by Suguio et al. ( 1985) for other regions along the Brazilian coast [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The Rio Grande do Sul State curve shows that the sea would have risen in the last 2,000 yrs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "According to curves of Salvador (Bahia State), Santos (São Paulo State) and Itajaí (Santa Catarina State) the sea-level would have dropped in the same time interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Angulo et al. ( 2006) expressed doubts on the high frequency oscillations of 200 to 300 years proposed in those curves [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Martin et al. ( 1998) have questioned the application of a single indicator for paleo sea-level reconstruction presenting a number of counterpoints and inconsistencies [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Bezerra et al. ( 2003) developed an envelope curve of relative sea-level fluctuation in the coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, meso tide dominated, showing oscillations after maximum Holocene high stand, which occurred at ~5000 cal yrs BP [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "This curve shows remarkable deviations compared with average curve to the central-south Brazilian coast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) have proposed a RSL curve to Rio de Janeiro coast, involving the Holocene [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "From the very first time in the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of RSL in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "As indicator it was used alignment of paleo beaches composed of submerged beachrocks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "After that transition, a process of relatively fast sea-level rise started, like in other curves proposed to the Brazilian east coast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "All indicators of RSL vertical variation identified, among them beachrocks, vermetids and barnacles, were georeferenced by high precision altitude GPS, adjusted by Brazilian Geodetic System benchmarks (RRNN), maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0016__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "In order to mitigate the influence of possible sedimentological factors and regional tide gauge, the proposed curve was built on a restricted segment of the coast with relatively homogeneous oceanographical, geological and geomorphological characteristics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 12, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [12, 13, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One fact that stands out in Angulo et al. ( 2006, 2016) is the altimetric data from ancient positions of relative sea-level were plotted based on a global model of curves made by geophysical simulations proposed by Milne et al. ( 2005) at the Caribbean and South America [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such model covers a wide geographical extension between Jamaica (Caribbean) and Beagle Channel (Argentina)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this model the spatial variation is dominated by the influence of ice and ocean mass redistribution on sea-level change with the ice-induced effect dominating the observed north - south trend [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Placement of indicators of few meters regarding the current zero sea-level cannot be adjusted to a global scale model of geophysical simulation since distortions and uncertainties are unavoidable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Such distortion and uncertainty are visible in the curves shown by Angulo et al. ( 2006) based on works of geophysical simulation by Peltier (1988) and Milne et al. ( 2005) around the world, including Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco coast [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The RSL global model of postglacial shows distortions in its own conception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The main one is that relative sea-level curves in solid lines involving Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro coasts points out altitude of +4.0 m over current sea-level around 7,500 years BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Such altimetric positioning contradicts almost all RSL literature in the Brazilian coastline [2, 5, 6, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The Rio de Janeiro coastline is dominated by micro tide system with average spring tide of 0.90 m and neap tide between 0.06 and 0.025 m [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The Pernambuco coastline is characterized by meso tide system with average spring tide of 2.0 m and neap tide of 0.7 m. Levels of reduced tide gauge in both places are different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Oceanographical, geological and geomorphological characteristics of both states are also completely different."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Therefore, curves of such distinct coastline segments cannot be the same."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The manuscript by Angulo et al. ( 2006) is no more than a reproduction of the geophysical simulation model initially proposed by Peltier (1988) and then by Milne et al. ( 2005) [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Factors such as fluvial sediment input in the inner continental shelf as well as tide gauge variations locally affect sea-level behavior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Works developed in tide gauge stations over the wide Brazilian coastline shows, even in short-term scale, shows differences in the sea-level behavior from place to place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Of course, known factors such as glacioeustasy, tectonoeustasy and geoidoeustasy are keys to understand and interpret global scale sea-level curves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Below, we address the issues raised by Angulo et al. ( 2016) in detail: 1) We agree with Angulo et al. ( 2016) in regard with their data and our data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Divergences and inconsistencies rely on many questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Angulo et al. ( 2006, 2016) do not explain, from the methodological point of view, how vermetids altimetric position was obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "By convenience it was used other authors altimetric information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "In the curves proposed by Angulo et al. ( 2006, 2016) to Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco coastline, altimetric data were positioned based on global model of geophysical simulation, initially proposed by Peltier (1988) and then by Milne et al. ( 2005) [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0017__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Indicators of few meters regarding the current zero sea-level cannot be adjusted to a global scale model of geophysical simulation since distortions and uncertainties are unavoidable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2) We are sure that vermetids are indicators of vertical fluctuation of paleo sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, indiscriminate use of certain species of Vermetidae could compromise information plotted in the vertical axis of relative sea-level fluctuation curve - RSL."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to Oliveira (2016) there are some species of Vermetidae whereby distribution related to depth could vary from middle littoral or upper part of infra littoral to 100 m depth [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From 16 taxa existing in the Brazilian coastline, two species are wide used as indicators of vertical variation of paleo sea-level, Dendropoma irregulare and Petaloconchus varians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "According to Oliveira (2016), in the south of Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro State, there are no current correspondent of Petaloconchus varians to obtain the relationship between those species and the current relative sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, it is used Phragmatopoma caudata to estimate paleo sea-level at the time corresponding to fossil vermetids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, Spotorno-Oliveira et al. ( 2016) have recorded the occurrence of Petaloconchus varians in several places of the region of Ilha Grande Bay, south coast of Rio de Janeiro State [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "They are characterized by a complex structure formed by alive individuals in the upper layer and dead individuals in the lower layer along with the bedrock."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "From the geomorphological point of view, they are positioned in the middle littoral on the rocky coasts and on the infra littoral they form “microatoll”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The presence of alive homologous in this Brazilian coastline segment was also recorded by Spotorno-Oliveira et al. ( 2016) and Oliveira (2016) [10, 11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "It was possible to obtain at the field vertical ranges of occurrence of species relating to alive homologous at current sea-level and fossil vermetids, all placed above that level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "After being identified, it was defined altimetric ranges by high precision GPS (static method), proposed by Castro et al. ( 2014) [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Adjustments were made based on the Brazilian Geodetic System benchmarks (RRNN), maintained by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics - IBGE."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "With respect to Angulo et al. ( 2016) question about Laguncularia racemosa as Vermetidae specie, please note that it is just a typing error in the article by Castro et al. ( 2014) [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0018__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "We have advised a master thesis involving vermetids and sea-level variations which means that we would not make that kind of serious mistake."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 23, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [23, 23, 23], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3) Today we have no doubt that beachrocks (except the organic category) are great indicators of RSL."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This observation is supported by the doctoral thesis of Malta (2017) about genesis, petrography, lithification process, δ13C - δ18O stable isotopes and geochronology of beachrocks from Rio de Janeiro State coastline [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It also corroborates with information obtained by Mauz et al. ( 2015) and Malta (2017) [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From the genetic view, beachrocks can be divided into four categories according to its process of lithification: (a) precipitation of highly magnesian calcite and aragonite from seawater due to high temperature, oversaturation and/or CaCO3 evaporation; (b) precipitation of calcite and aragonite from mixture of groundwater and seawater; (c) precipitation of magnesian calcite and aragonite by CO2 degassing from sediment and pore water; (d) precipitation of micrite calcium carbonate as a product of microbiologic activity [13, 12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We considered that the lithification process of beachrocks (paleo beach) fit into (a), (b) and (c) categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Most part of beachrocks from Rio de Janeiro State fits into categories (b) and (c)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "They were lithified in inter tide zone, exhibiting paleo beach or post-paleo beach environment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This observation was supported by modern analytical techniques such as cathodoluminescence, stable isotopes, SEM and EDS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "It is considered that all beachrock outcrops used in RSL curve proposed by Castro et al. ( 2014) are geological indicators of relative sea-level fluctuation during Holocene [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Angulo et al. ( 2016) made a misunderstanding regarding beachrocks’ age suggesting that they were formed in thousands of yrs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "According to Malta (2017) beachrocks can be formed only in hundreds of years [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Indeed, it is not rare the occurrence of modern objects completely cemented by carbonate cement [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Beachrock sedimentary structures and their texture characteristics are representative of beach depositional environment due to hydrodynamic conditions during deposition and are usually well preserved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Radiocarbon age differences between cement and mollusk shell in beachrocks are not very substantial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "It was verified on the worldwide literature that these rocks are almost all from Holocene [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "In Brazil the beachrocks’ age vary from ~1,250 to 11,900 cal yrs BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The oldest ones can be found in the Rio de Janeiro coastline and the newest ones in the Brazilian northeast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "At the Rio de Janeiro coastline all outcrops were lithified before coastal upwelling, around 3,000 cal yrs BP [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "They are laid out submerged and surfaced aligned parallel to the current coastline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "In the light of that information complemented by measurements obtained by geodesic GPS of high precision as well as depth data assessed by echobathimeter, it can be inferred that those beachrocks were lithified in conditions of sea-level between -4.5 m in the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene and +1.5 m before coastal upwelling arrival, when lithification process was interrupted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "The paleoenvironmental reconstitution model developed by Castro et al. ( 2012) suggests that most submerged beachrocks in the Rio de Janeiro coastline are part of ancient drowned barrier island [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "However, it is not ruled out that neotectonics of late Pleistocene have contributed with altimetric and bathymetric position of those rocks."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Therefore, we are sure that beachrocks are great indicators of vertical sea-level variation, except the organic category (d) resulting from precipitation of micrite calcium carbonate as a product of microbiologic activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0019__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "With respect to beachrocks age in Castro et al. ( 2012) we can inform that all adjustment was made based on new radiocarbon dating and can be found in the work by Castro et al. ( 2014) [6, 14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4) We are convinced that mollusk shell cannot give precise information about vertical variations of paleo sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, they could give very important indirect information about upper limit (horizontal plane) of sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) have associated horizontal projection of maximum Holocene transgression in the Rio de Janeiro State coastline based on the presence of mollusk shell deposited in ancient lacustrine system edge [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cunha (2016) suggest that accumulation of mollusk shell deposited in current coastal marsh edge represents the most important record of positive oscillation of relative sea-level during Holocene in the Brazilian southeast [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Radiocarbon dating 14C in Anomalocardia brasiliana mollusk shell have shown ages between 6,335 and 4,800 cal yrs BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "According to Cunha (2016) this time interval corresponds to the beginning of marine transgression, maximum Holocene peak (climatic optimum) and the sudden relative sea-level lowering [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "According to Castro et al. ( 2014) and Cunha (2016) the sudden sea-level lowering in this region has caused widespread killing of mollusk shells many of them in position of life [6, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The subsequent relative sea-level lowering has caused the formation of paleo lagoons, beach ridges and marsh resulting the progradation of coastline till nowadays."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The Holocene marine transgression in most part of Rio de Janeiro coastline was controlled by geological and geomorphological conditions imposed by the Paleoproterozoic basement, Barreiras Formation, as well as beach ridges surrounding the hydrographic basins of Una, São João, Macaé and Paraíba do Sul rivers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The paleoenvironmental model proposed by Castro et al. ( 2014) and Cunha (2016) shows the basins of Una river and São João river flooded by Holocene marine transgression which has occurred between 6,335 and 4,800 cal yrs BP [6, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0020__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "During this episode, the relative sea-level has reached a maximum height between +2.50 and +3.0 m above the current level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 23, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [23, 23, 23], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5) On the use of geodesic GPS of high precision when studying relative sea-level variations: whereas Angulo et al. ( 2016) acknowledge we have used “GPS trackers”, they fail to mention specifically post-processing GPS orthometric corrections, which not only lower positional error but also levels data to a common orthometric datum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, they argue paleo-sea level are “not related to the accuracy of determining the present mean-sea level”, which while true, does not preclude present-day sea-level to be precisely defined in order to apply the knowledge of the sea-level variation to coastal management (e.g. NOAA’s Vertical Datum Transformation effort and Natural Resources Canada’s Height Reference System Modernization)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "NOAA anticipated using the GPS for sea-level measurements: “data from new altimeter satellites combined with Global Positioning System geodesic data will soon clarify this uncertain situation”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, NOAA states that “for application to climate change scenarios and to inundation analyses and modeling, it is critical that all elevations and depths be referenced to the same datum, regardless of source”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They also recommend survey-grade equipment using GPS data in a kinematic differential mode to obtain orthometric heights precise to 30 mm - 40 mm RMSE, as we have used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In summary, while we agree with Angulo et al. ( 2016) that “paleo-sea level reconstructions must consider the vertical distance between a given indicator and its present homologous one”, we also recognize several other factors that could have a role in this distance (e.g. neotectonics)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We did not yet attempt to model such factors but we strongly believe having measurements tied to an orthometric datum will help future analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "According to Castro et al. ( 2014), altimetric data collection on the ellipsoid as well as millimetric precise coordinates (x,y) were carried out by GPS Pro Mark 2 [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "On the occasion of survey surfaced indicators (beachrocks) it was used static method based on echo bathimeter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Unfortunately, we are forced to strongly disagree with Angulo et al. ( 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "We believe the data shown in our work were misinterpreted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Such criticism does not contribute for the scientific knowledge progress around the topic discussed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We must highlight the criticism made is not supported by field work in the Rio de Janeiro State coastline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "We also believe that our results are convincing and have been used to support many doctoral and master theses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "In this way, it contributes to better understanding of the relative sea-level fluctuations in the Rio de Janeiro coastline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Moreover, such research includes high precision altimetric data collection, scuba diving, laboratory analytical techniques and geochronological information complemented by clear and objective methodological procedures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The curve proposed by Angulo et al. ( 2006) to the Rio de Janeiro coastline reproduces the geophysical simulation model initially proposed by Peltier (1988) and then Milne et al. ( 2005) which was applied in many places around the world including Rio de Janeiro and Pernambuco’s coastline [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Tide gauge levels in both coastal segments are distinct."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Geological and oceanographical characteristics are also distinct, therefore the curve could not be the same for both sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "We support the suggestion of using indicators from different origins when studying RSL vertical variation, especially beachrocks of the three inorganic categories above identified as well as vermetids of Dendropoma irregular and Petaloconchus varians species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Although Anomalocardia brasiliana mollusk shell does not provide accurate information about paleo sea-level vertical position, it could be useful to define upper limit (horizontal position) of ancient sea-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "The great sea flood caused by the maximum Holocene transgression in the Rio de Janeiro coastline is identified by the presence of mollusk shell deposited on the edge of ancient lagoon and bay systems."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Every RSL indicators must be georeferenced by high precision altitude GPS and adjusted by Brazilian geodetic system benchmarks or other system with similar properties in other parts of the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__critique__p0021__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Therefore, RSL studies would be also useful when predicting future sea-level for coastal management programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_0__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Discussions are useful to the advance of science, and we appreciate the opportunity to discuss the paper by Castro et al. ( 2014) for the second time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we maintain the interpretations presented in our discussion paper [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the discussion paper we emphasized that the vertical position of a paleo-sea level indicator is not the position of the paleo-sea level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We pointed out that: (1) to reconstruct paleo-sea levels it is crucial to determine the vertical distance between the indicators to their present homologous one; (2) margin of errors can only be established if considering the indicator’s intrinsic characteristics and (3) the interpretation of a sea level 3.0 to 4.5 m below the present one at 11.9 to-11.1 ka BP is in strong contradiction with worldwide established data and would require a detailed discussion [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We consider that Castro et al. ( 2018) do not properly address or answer the comments we made in the discussion paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "More work and discussions are necessary to elucidate several questions that still remain about the sea level behavior in the Holocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sealevel higher than present along the Brazilian coast were recognized by pioneer researchers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hartt (1870) described sea urchin holes elevated above the present living zone at Rio de Janeiro coast and Branner (1902) at Pernambuco coast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first datings confirming Holocene sealevels higher than present were published at the seminal paper by Van-Andel and Laborel (1964) on the State of Pernambuco coast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also at that time the monumental work of Fairbridge (1961) was published with global sea-level curves."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper issued a large discussion on the existence of small eustatic oscillations since the middle Holocene, with authors pointing out to the broad disparities of Holocene sea level curves around the world [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first sketch of a curve in Brazil was published in 1975 with sparse data from Cananeia, and in 1980 the first paleo-sea level curve was published for the region of Salvador."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In 1985 new curves were presented for the States of Pernambuco and Santa Catarina."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These curves were widely accepted, and some divergences appeared in the 1990’s and others in the first decade of the XXI century [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After that a new curve for Rio de Janeiro was published by Castro et al. ( 2014) which generated our [1] and Castro et al. ( 2018) comments and the present reply."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Edgard Morin (1996) wrote, “(Karl) Popper changed the science perspective; it was believed that science advanced by accumulating truths; he showed that progress is achieved especially by eliminating errors in the search of truth”."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The power of the scientific method is that it allows for the advance of knowledge independently of an individual researcher’s opinions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We believe that this ongoing discussion will contribute to improve the understanding of paleo-sea level changes along the Brazilian coast."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here we maintain the interpretations presented in our discussion paper [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The main issue amongst those raised in our paper, and which was not properly addressed in the reply, was the methodology used by Castro et al. ( 2014) to determine paleo-sea levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They write: “The margin of error for the sample altitudes was minimal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Several investigations conducted on the South American coasts regarding relative sea-level variations have not clearly or precisely defined the reference level of the samples used in the vertical plane (…)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The absence of this information yields potential inaccuracies regarding the height of the marine paleo-levels of the proposed curves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "(…) Secondly, the method employed in this study would need to be applied to other parts of the Brazilian coastline”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the discussion paper we pointed out that the vertical position of a paleo-sea level indicator (e.g. biological remain or facies contact) is not the position of the paleo-sea level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To reconstruct paleo-sea levels it is crucial to determine the relationship of a given indicator to the present homologous one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this way relative paleo-sea levels can be inferred without knowing the elevation of the mean sea level or other datum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Alternatively, the paleo-sea level can also be determined adding (or subtracting) the altitude of the indicator to the altitude (or depth) of the present homologous indicator, but this was not made by Castro et al. ( 2014), who simply took the elevation of the remains or sedimentary deposits and assumed that those altitudes corresponded to paleo-sea levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2018) make two incorrect statements, being 1) “Angulo et al. ( 2006a, 2016b) do not explain, from the methodological point of view, how vermetids altimetric position were obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By convenience it was used other authors altimetric information”; and 2) “altimetric data were positioned based on global model of geophysical simulation” Again, Angulo’s et al (2006) paper did not address the altimetry of the paleo-sea level indicators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That paper explains in detail how each relative paleo-sea level was obtained from each indicator, after measuring the vertical distance between the indicators to their present homologous one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We did not use the global altimetry model to determine the elevation of our samples; we compared the empiric data with the modeled curve to show how well they fit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another important point in our discussion paper regards the margin of error, which can only be established if considering the indicator’s intrinsic characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, the vermetid vertical distribution is affected by wave energy and coastal morphology [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, changes in any of these characteristics since the lifetime of ancient vermetids can enlarge the error margin on paleo-sea level estimates [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also the vermetid remains may not correspond to the upper limit of living vermetids and can also increase the error [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Castro et al. ( 2018) that the vermetids vertical position varies with the species, which in turn vary along the Brazilian coast, as defined by Spotorno-Oliveira et al. ( 2012)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whenever possible Angulo (1993) and Angulo et al. ( 1999, 2002) compared the paleo remains with their homologous (same specie) one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When bioconstructions of living Petaloconchus varians was not found (as in southern São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina coasts), the Phragmatopoma lapidosa (a subjective synonym of Phragmatopoma caudata) was used as an homologous because the highest elevation of their bioconstructions are similar on rocky coasts [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also agree with Castro et al. ( 2018) on their general comments on beachrocks, but we point out that to infer a paleo-sea level from a beachrock it is necessary to identify their facies and facies contacts, as well as to measure the vertical distance between the ancient and present homologous facies contacts [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, it should also be taken into consideration that the time of deposition could differ from the age of the bioclasts and the cement [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Castro et al. ( 2014) did not consider these aspects, which are critical for their assertion: “for the first time on the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of relative sea-level during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene transition”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The interpretation of a sea level 3.0 to 4.5 m below the present one at 11.9 to 11.1 ka (Beta Analytic no 248722 and 248721) BP is in strong contradiction with worldwide established data [3] for this time period, and would require a detailed discussion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because this discussion is absent, it is fair to assume their paleo-sea level interpretation based on beachrock altimetry and isotopic datating is not robust enough to sustain such a claim."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with the conclusion of Spotorno-Oliveira et al. ( 2016, with Castro as one of the co-authors), who after studying that same area in Rio de Janeiro and analyzing samples with similar ages (from 13,130 to 11,149 cal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "years BP) and depths (- 4.5 to + 1.5m), stated: “The altitude of the studied grainstone (…) confirms that these samples formed in a high hydrodynamic energy setting that cannot be related to the sea level at that age”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "0", "paragraph_id": "triad_0__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We consider that Castro et al. ( 2018) do not properly address or answer all the comments we made in the discussion paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_0__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "More work and discussions are necessary to elucidate several questions that still remain about the sea level behavior in the Holocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_0/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2549151593_W2810305402_W2811030405", "triad_name": "triad_0", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_0__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 6, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I n recent years, holmium laser enucleation of the pros- tate (HoLEP) has emerged as an attractive alternative to transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) for the manage- ment of bladder outlet obstruction because of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HoLEP involves complete enucleation of the prostatic adenoma through laser dissection and subsequent removal of the prostatic tissue through morcellation in the bladder."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This technique carries many advantages when com- pared with TURP and open prostatectomy, including effec- tiveness in the setting of massive (>100 g) glands, greater postoperative Qmax, improved reduction of subjective symp- tom scores, shortened catheterization times and hospital stay times, and decreased postoperative complication rates."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "1 Peri- operative complication rates are low with the most common cited complications including capsular perforation, superficial bladder mucosal injury, ureteral orifice injury, and morcellator malfunction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "2 To date, there has been one reported case of acute abdominal compartment syndrome involving massive fluid leakage into the retroperitoneal space during a HoLEP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "3 We present two cases of intraoperative extraperitoneal fluid leakage during HoLEP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient 1 is a 74-year-old male who underwent HoLEP for refractory bladder outlet obstruction and bladder stones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "His medical history included BPH complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections and bladder stones, elevated prostate specific antigen (biopsy negative), hyperlipidemia, and hy- pertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Preoperative transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) esti- mated prostate volume to be 150 cc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "HoLEP was performed utilizing a two-incision technique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Owing to the large amount of adenoma, extended time was spent during morcellation (120 minutes) because of poor observation secondary to bladder neck bleeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There was noted to be an area of capsular perforation at the 5 o'clock position in the mid gland."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "When the operative drapes were removed, significant abdominal distention was noted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In discussion with anesthetist, the patient's airway pres- sures upon induction ranged from 10 to 20, however, at this point in the procedure, the airway pressures had increased >30."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The patient was also experiencing systolic pressures ranging from 80 to 90, whereas preoperatively he was >110 systolic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The drapes were removed at this time and the ab- domen appeared distended and was firm on examination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given the significant abdominal distention and concern for a bladder injury secondary to poor observation during mor- cellation, general surgery was consulted intraoperatively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Per the recommendation of general surgery, they elected to proceed with a subumbilical minilaparotomy, after initial laparoscopy was unsuccessful because of increased open- ing pressures with the Veress needle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Less than 400 cc of bloody-colored fluid was suctioned out of the abdomen, and an intraoperative cystogram was performed that revealed retroperitoneal extravasation without intraperitoneal bladder injury or perforation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As there was not a significant amount of intraperitoneal fluid, it was theorized that the capsular per- foration resulted in extraperitonealization of intraoperative saline."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, a 10F Jackson Pratt drain was placed in the pelvis, and the fascia and skin were closed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He was given 20 mg of IV Lasix intraoperatively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The patient was extubated effectively and transferred postoperatively to the ICU for hemodynamic monitoring and observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the ICU, cardiology was consulted because of a prolonged PR interval and bradycardia that ultimately warranted no further work-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On postoperative day (POD) 1, the patient was progressing well, and he was transferred to the floor in stable condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The Jackson-Pratt drain output was 710 cc on POD 0, 81 cc on POD 1, and then removed on POD 2 after draining 20 cc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The patient was discharged on POD 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "His catheter was removed on POD 10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Pathologic analysis of the specimen revealed no evidence of malignancy and 167 g specimen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient 2 is a 78-year-old male who was experiencing per- sistent lower urinary tract symptoms despite combined medical therapy with alpha blockade and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "His medical history included coronary artery disease status post-coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous cor- onary intervention, and a history of pneumonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Preoperative cystoscopy revealed enlarged median and lateral lobes, as well as severe trabeculations of the bladder with a TRUS measuring a 41 cc prostate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "HoLEP was carried out utilizing a two-incision technique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Upon completion of morcellation, it was noted that the patient's abdomen was distended, but his peak airway pressures were normal, the abdomen was soft, and the catheter drainage was noted to be clear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In addition, there was no sus- picion for a significant mismatch between irrigation used and fluid output collected in the drainage system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the previous similar presentation in Case 1 with no suspicion of bladder injury, we suspected that the patient had extraperitoneal extravasation of the saline irrigation through a capsular perforation as occurred in Case 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The decision was made for the patient to be awakened, extubated, and transferred to the recovery room where he was further monitored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A stat noncontrast abdominal CT scan was per- formed that revealed a moderate amount of free fluid in the pelvis and upper abdomen; the fluid in the pelvis and lower abdomen was distributed in the extraperitoneal region with no evidence of hematoma (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patient remained hemodynamically stable and was transferred to the floor with continuous bladder irrigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The patient was given a 40 mg dose of Lasix *8 hours after the operation was completed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overnight, there were no acute events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "On POD 1, the pa- tient's abdomen was soft and significantly less distended."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The Foley catheter drained 3950 cc of urine overnight without evidence of hematuria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0011__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The patient was discharged with a catheter on POD 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The patient had his catheter removed on POD 9."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A postoperative CT cystogram revealed no evidence of leak with resolution of the pelvic and perivesical fluid (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thirty grams of benign prostate tissue was removed on final pathology analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patient was noted to have a bladder neck contracture seen on cystoscopy 4 months after his procedure for which he underwent cystourethroscopy and laser incision of bladder neck contracture."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although HoLEP has emerged as a standard treatment of BPH, there remains a well-established steep learning curve associated with the operation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2 The most common cited com- plications include capsular perforation, superficial bladder mucosal injury, ureteral orifice injury, and morcellator mal- function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "2 Capsular perforation rates have been documented from 0.3% to 10% and can potentially pose as a serious complication of HoLEP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "2 This report increases the urolo- gist's ability to recognize and conservatively manage a cap- sular perforation, resulting in a distended abdomen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Potential risk factors include cases with larger glands (>100 cc), prostates with thin capsules, or early surgeon's experience with longer operative times and suboptimal observation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Capsular perforation can be characterized as threatened perforation, covered perforation, free perforation, or sub- trigonal perforation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2,4 Threatened perforation is described as an area of diverging capsular fibers through which peripro- static fat might be visible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A covered perforation is similar to a threatened perforation but differs in degree with fatty tissue freely visible at the site of perforation, however, firmly covering the perforated hole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A free perforation is a perfo- ration in the capsule through which irrigation fluid can be seen to run in and out, with little to no periprostatic fat ob- served at the margins of the wound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In a subtrigonal perfo- ration, a false passage is created during insertion of the resectoscope or catheter, penetrating through the prostate and prostatic capsule into the direction of the trigone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is likely to occur in large prostates especially with large median lobes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Threatened and covered perforations do not change the postoperative course of the patient, whereas free or sub- trigonal perforations may lead to significant extravasation of irrigation fluid into the extraperitoneal space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "2 Bladder injury during morcellation is another potential perioperative complication of HoLEP, with injury rates re- ported in 0.5% to 18.2% of cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "1,2 If unrecognized, large full-thickness injuries can allow extravasation of irrigation fluid into the extraperitoneal or intraperitoneal space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The extravasation of irrigation fluid can mimic the presentation of a free capsular perforation with fluid extravasation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Although it has not been reported, theoretically there is also the risk of bowel injury with a full thickness injury to the bladder."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "If there is suspicion for bladder injury, the bladder should be examined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Any injuries should either be repaired or managed conservatively with an indwelling catheter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Bladder injuries can be avoided by achieving optimal hemostasis and bladder distention before starting morcellation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0014__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Morcellation should take place away from the bladder mucosa."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As these cases demonstrate, a capsular perforation can mi- mic the presentation of a bladder injury during morcellation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If there is any suspicion of capsular perforation or bladder injury, an abdominal examination should be performed in- traoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Peak airway pressures may be increased or there may be a mismatch in irrigant inflow and outflow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With high suspicion of injury, both cystoscopic inspection of the bladder urothelium and additional imaging such as a cystogram or CT cystogram are indicated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If recognized correctly, the patient can be spared the morbidity of an exploratory lapa- rotomy or laparoscopy and instead be treated conservatively with Lasix and bladder drainage through a urethral catheter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patients who are clinically asymptomatic with normal vital signs can be discharged, generally on POD 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Repeat imaging to ensure there is no bladder injury can be obtained on an outpatient basis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A rare complication of HoLEP is prostatic capsular per- foration leading to large extravasation of irrigation fluid into the retroperitoneum, resulting in a distended abdomen."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This presentation may be similar to that of a bladder injury, how- ever, if there is low suspicion of a bladder injury, conservative measures can be taken for effective treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No competing financial interests exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5148__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a well-established treatment option for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) that has been gaining popularity in the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HoLEP is a minimally invasive procedure that involves enucleation of the prostate with subsequent morcellation and serves as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), which is still considered the gold standard of treatment in many institutions and practices."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The literature demonstrates that HoLEP provides improvement of International Prostate Symptom Score, quality of life, flow (Qmax), and post-void residuals [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It has also shown to have decreased or at least similar complication rates, such as bleeding and need for catheterization, compared with a TURP [1][2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, HoLEP allows for the opportunity of increased removal of prostatic tissue."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These findings have made the procedure increasingly more popular and favorable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, HoLEP is well known for having a steeper learning curve and initial increased cost of materials compared with a standard TURP [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This recent report describes the inherent risks of morcellation during HoLEP procedures with multiple case reports [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The purpose of this editorial is to demonstrate the relative safety of morcellation during HoLEP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the first case, the authors report prolonged morcellation time and concern for bladder injury because of poor observation associated with bleeding at the bladder neck [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although exact details are unclear from the report, it needs to be emphasized that a clear endoscopic view is the most important aspect for safe morcellation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first step of morcellation is to ensure the bladder is appropriately distended to ensure appropriate observation and to decrease risk of bladder injury."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To achieve this, there should be a well-trained OR staff to monitor irrigation as well as maintaining two open inflow ports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is always needed to assist with identification of the previously enucleated prostatic tissue and maintain bladder distention [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the benefits of Holmium lasers is the relative ease of achieving hemostasis to greatly reduce the amount of bleeding during a procedure and the laser has known tissue penetration of about 5 mm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Maintaining hemostasis throughout the entirety of morcellation is critical."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bleeding must be controlled meticulously to ensure a clear endoscopic view before morcellation [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Unfortunately, this crucial step appears to have been performed inadequately based on the description from the report."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is also important to maintain a minimal distance between the endoscope and the morcellator to improve precision and accuracy of morcellation, which, again, will decrease risk of bladder injury [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As long as adequate hemostasis is achieved and a clear view of the adenoma and bladder is maintained, the incidence of injury should be minimal."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Guidelines for safe morcellation should always be adhered to."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If there is any question with regard to observation or excessive bleeding, morcellation should be halted immediately in favor of achieving better hemostasis and reidentification of crucial landmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Failure to follow set standards puts the patient at increased risk for injury."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also crucial to keep the morcellator away from the bladder mucosa at all times, the morcellator should be kept in the middle of the bladder all the time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A specific technique has been illustrated that involves a continuous right to left motion of the morcellator while retrieving the tissue while gently advancing the morcellator in small increments and occasionally rotating it as necessary to optimize the engagement of tissue [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is important to understand that the retrieval of tissue should be performed in a manner such that there is no strain on the urethra and bladder neck with the camera/morcellator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the enucleated tissue proves to be too large or there is any difficulty with morcellation, it is once again recommended that morcellation be stopped immediately until the tissue is carefully manipulated to optimize conditions before proceeding and always have open blades covering the prostate before morcellating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Forced tissue removal under suboptimal conditions will certainly risk avoidable injury."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "HoLEP has proven to be a powerful technique in treating BPH."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Its advantages over a standard TURP procedure have been well described in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Proper safety standards exist to prevent bladder injury."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In particular, maintaining observation with constant irrigation, achieving adequate hemostasis, and maintaining a safe minimal distance between the camera and morcellator are all necessary to reduce risk of complication, and retrieval of tissue should be performed in a manner to minimize strain on the urethra, bladder neck, and bladder itself."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although this report illustrates the inherent risks of HoLEP, specifically morcellation, the information provided suggests that standard safety techniques were not adequately followed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__critique__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "When performed appropriately, morcellation is a relatively safe procedure after enucleation of the prostate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5148__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate the review provided by Stutz et al. in response to our case report on the management of capsular perforation during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are several valid points made by the authors with regard to the safety, efficacy, and durability of HoLEP for patients with outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic enlargement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The letter gave a concise overview of the proper safety standards to prevent bladder injury during morcellation for patients undergoing this operation [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5148__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The purpose of our case report was not to emphasize prevention and management of a bladder injury/perforation, which has been well documented previously [2][3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instead, it was to share that in our experience of >800 cases at our institution since 2009, these 2 cases were memorable as they demonstrate how prostatic capsular perforation can resemble the intraoperative signs of a bladder injury."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It should be reiterated that, in both cases, neither patient actually suffered a bladder injury from morcellation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Yet, the physical examination findings of a distended abdomen, paired with changes in peak airway pressures or a mismatch in irrigant inflow and outflow resembled that of a bladder injury."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As the case report highlights, the proper management of this clinical situation is vastly different from that of exploring for a suspected bladder injury, as capsular perforation can be managed conservatively with Lasix and bladder decompression [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5148__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5148", "paragraph_id": "triad_5148__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The steep learning curve for HoLEP has been well documented and experienced HoLEP practitioners will recognize that visualization during morcellation can be impacted by multiple factors, including hemostasis, degree of bladder distention, prostatic size, prior indwelling catheter, and the concomitant administration of anticoagulants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If safe technique during morcellation is adhered to with low suspicion of bladder perforation, the etiology of the physical examination findings can be attributed to a capsular perforation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5148__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Urologists performing HoLEP should be aware of all the potential complications of HoLEP, and the nuances in their presentation, work-up, and management."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5148/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2808811094_W2890720540_W2906528018", "triad_name": "triad_5148", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5148__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Endotoxin is the biological activity that is potential within the Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) macromolecule which is a major outer membrane component of Gram-negative (GN) bacteria (Figure 1) [1-3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each E. coli bacterial cell has approximately 10 6 LPS molecules [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The biological activities of endotoxin in humans and other species are potent and broad ranging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These activities are mediated mostly by the lipid-A residue within the molecule."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For these reasons endotoxin has long been identified not only as a potential marker of GN infection [4,5] but also as a mediator and hence a potential target for specific anti-endotoxin therapies [6-10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Surprisingly however, these potentials have not been realized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The conflicts among over 100 studies of endotoxin as a potential marker of GN infection are reviewed elsewhere [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The focus of this review are the disconnects within the literature bearing on the relationship between endotoxemia and sepsis on the one hand and in assessing the potential of anti-endotoxemia therapies including antibody therapy designed to neutralize the biological activity of endotoxin on the other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is an extensive literature relating to O-polysaccharide specific antibodies generated by vaccination which mediate protection through an antibacterial effect which is not considered here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The term \"endotoxin\" has been attributed to Richard Pfeiffer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the 1890's he made the distinction between the toxic properties that were endogenous within the GN bacterial cell, which he termed \"endotoxin\" versus those released outside the cell, which were termed \"exotoxin\" [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The exact identity of the endotoxin molecule was unknown for several decades and the structure-activity relationship in the mediation of the biological activities of endotoxin has only recently become clear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the mid 1980's the lipid-A moiety of the lipopolysaccharide molecule of Escherichia coli was totally chemically synthesized in a form available for studies of the structure activity relationship of this molecule [12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With these studies, it became apparent that the biological activities of endotoxin could be attributed to the lipid-A component of the lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) molecule (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The study of lipid-A partial structures have further clarified this structure-activity relationship [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Other microbiological and biochemical studies have identified the mechanisms regulating the synthesis of lipid-A within Gram-negative bacteria and specific variations in the structure of lipid-A which may have relevance to the pathogenesis of GN infection [14,15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In studying endotoxin and the effects of anti-endotoxin interventions, several pharmacological properties of endotoxin that are unusual for a toxin should be noted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, there are numerous effects induced by administration of endotoxin to experimental animals and humans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Which of these effects is the most relevant correlate of survival in sepsis is sometimes not clear [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recent review articles list over 20 humoral, cellular, immunological and metabolic effects."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Second, unlike most other toxins, the biological effects of endotoxin are not a uniform gravimetric property of the molecule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The quantity of endotoxin is usually interpreted as the amount of biological activity in comparison to a reference endotoxin preparation assayed in parallel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For this reason the concentration of endotoxemia is confusingly and variably reported in weight units (picograms) and sometimes in units of endotoxin O-Specific chain Core region n Lipid-A Monosaccharide Ethanolamine Glucosamine Phosphate 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, KDO Long chain fatty acid 2592 activity (Endotoxin Units; EU/mL)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0005__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The equivalence is dependent on the choice of reference endotoxin but is often approximated as 1 EU/mL ≈ 100 pg/mL [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 7, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Endotoxin has several other interesting properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It has long been recognized that human plasma accentuates some of the effects of endotoxin [17-20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, the toxicity of endotoxin is indirectly mediated and endotoxin itself is not cytotoxic, a phenomenon which is best exemplified in the C3H/HeJ mouse strain [21,22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This inbred mouse strain is resistant to the effects of endotoxin and this non-responsiveness is a genetically determined trait."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, the susceptibility to endotoxin can be restored by the transfer of macrophage cells in bone marrow transplants from histo-compatible C3H/HeN strain mice which have normal endotoxin responsiveness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This observation implicated the mediation of the effects of endotoxin by a genetically encoded host receptor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This observation ultimately enabled the identification of the gene for the endotoxin recognition (lps), and in turn, the LPS receptor mechanisms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Endotoxin has potent biological activities in humans [23-25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In humans, biological responses are apparent at doses as small as 4 ng/kg [25] whereas in other species doses of 1 mcg/kg (rabbits [26], sheep [27]) or as high as 2 mg/kg (rats [28], pigs [29], and non-human primates [30-33]) are required for response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The difference in endotoxin activity between species is a confounding factor in preclinical studies in animals towards defining the role of endotoxin as a mediator in the pathogenesis of GN infections and in the development of anti-endotoxin antibodies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The curious extreme sensitivity of humans to the effects of endotoxin is problematic for the development of anti-endotoxin therapies in that replication in experimental animals requires either large doses of endotoxin or artificial interventions to sensitize the experimental animals to the effects of endotoxin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One such intervention is the administration of galactosamine to mice to achieve levels of sensitivity at doses of endotoxin that are comparable to that seen in humans [28]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A further biological property of endotoxin that is most unusual for a toxin is tolerance [34-39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Doses of endotoxin in experimental animals that would otherwise be lethal can be tolerated after pre-treatments by sub-lethal doses [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the 1920's, bacterial preparations containing endotoxin were in therapeutic use to induce a fever as a therapy for cancers and syphilis in humans [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Humans, as with other species, will acquire tolerance on repeated dosing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Endotoxin doses as much as 200-fold higher may be required to achieve a fever response equivalent to that achieved with the initial dose."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a series of fascinating experiments undertaken initially in rabbits and later in humans [38-40] to investigate the relevance of tolerance toward GN infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studies were undertaken in the 1960's using prisoner volunteers who were rendered tolerant to endotoxin by repeated doses of endotoxin and who were subsequently deliberately infected with Salmonella typhi (i.e., typhoid) or Pasteurella tularensis (i.e., tularemia)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These studies demonstrated that tolerance to endotoxin could be induced by administration of Salmonella endotoxin even during the course of an experimental typhoid illness [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, \"Despite unequivocal activation of the endotoxin tolerance mechanisms……, the febrile and toxic course of typhoid fever proceeded unabated\" [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is some evidence that anti-endotoxin antibodies contribute to endotoxin tolerance [40]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is an historical footnote to these studies with Pasteurella tularensis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of tularaemia has recently been investigated and found to be complex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While the LPS 2593 of this organism is considered to be an important virulence factor, surprisingly the immuno-biological activity of this molecule has been found to be weak [41]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The lipopolysaccharide molecule from all clinically relevant GN bacteria studied consists of three components against which an antibody could be directed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are; a polysaccharide chain, a core oligosaccharide and a lipid component, lipid-A (Figure 2) [11,24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The LPS molecule, and in particularly, the lipid-A component, has been described as an \"information rich\" molecule, with many possible sites for specific recognition by prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The structure of the polysaccharide chain of the LPS molecule is highly variable even within species of GN bacteria whereas the lipid-A molecule is broadly conserved across GN bacteria of different types (see below) [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The core regions binding sites of LPS being located in the cell wall may be less accessible to antibody binding due to their location in the LPS molecule (Figure 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The polysaccharide consists of a repeating saccharide unit in a chain configuration which is hydrophilic and antigenic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Being the outer most part of the LPS molecule, this is presumably more readily accessible to antibody binding than are the core regions of the LPS molecule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Enterobacteriaceae (e.g., Escherichia coli), the polysaccharide is variable in length and in composition between bacterial strains, and confers the bacterial strain's O-antigen specificity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Some bacterial genera have less complete LPS structures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, the O-specific antigenic chain is not present in mucosal pathogens such as Neisseria, Bordetella and Haemophilus and the LPS in these genera have only a core oligosaccharide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The core oligosaccharide can be divided into an inner core and outer core region and for the genus Chlamydia even the outer core region is not present and these genera have only an inner core [3,11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In developing antibodies to lipoplysaccharide, the site of antibody binding may determine the anti-endotoxin activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lipid-A contains the molecular components which critically determine the endotoxic activity of LPS [42,43]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The structure of E. coli lipid-A consists of a diglucosamine with two phosphates and six acyl (fatty acid) chains (hexaacyl LPS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Two 3-hydroxymyristate (fatty acid) chains are attached directly to each of the two glucosamines with two secondary (\"piggyback\") chains also attached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The fatty acids may be laurate (twelve carbon, C12), myristate (C14) with sometimes palmitate (C16) found as the secondary acyl chain, and the primary (glucosamine-linked) acyl chains typically having 12 carbons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This hexaacyl LPS structure is optimal for recognition by the CD14-MD-2-TLR4 receptor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The LPS molecule from Gram-negative bacteria other than E. coli may have more or fewer acyl chains, longer acyl chains, branched acyl chains, unsaturated acyl chains, only one phosphate, or other modifications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The degree of recognition of the various hexaacyl and non- hexaacyl LPS structures by the CD14-MD-2-TLR4 receptor determines the mediation of endotoxic biological activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The structure of the lipid-A monomer also determines its molecular shape [44-46]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These shapes are variably conical or cylindrical depending on the ratios between the hydrophobic versus hydrophilic regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The most endotoxically active lipid-A monomer structure is conical whereas less active lipid-A is cylindrical."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The activity of endotoxin can be increased by sonication [47]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The biological significance of these supra-molecular structures, and the relative importance of LPS aggregates versus LPS monomers towards host recognition, remains unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At concentrations above a critical micelle concentration, lipid-A monomers aggregate into supra-molecular structures determined by the molecular shape of the lipid-A. These supra-molecular structures"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "are sometimes large enough to be viewed under electron microscopy [46]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a serum protein which binds to the lipid A component of bacterial endotoxin and facilitates its delivery to the CD14 antigen on the macrophage, where pro-inflammatory cytokines are released and a cascade of host mediators is initiated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The neutrophil granular protein bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) competes with LBP for endotoxin binding and functions as a molecular antagonist of LBP- endotoxin interactions [48,49]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The specific nature of this binding between these serum proteins and LPS has prompted attempts to develop synthetic LPS binding peptides for possible anti-endotoxin based treatments of sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Preclinical studies with these synthetic peptides demonstrate that they can combine excellent selectivity for LPS binding together with suppression of LPS-induced cytokine release in vitro and protection from lethal LPS induced septic shock in vivo [50-52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, the mean concentration required to inhibit growth (mean inhibitory concentration, MIC) and the concentration required to achieve anti-LPS activity with these peptides are comparable [51,52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, the molecular interaction between these peptides and LPS which results in this neutralization of biological activity is evident as a bio-physical change in the LPS supra-molecular structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With peptide binding, the lipid-A part of LPS is converted from its \"endotoxic\" conformation, being the cubic aggregate structure, to an inactive multi-lamellar structure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Peptides that bind to lipid-A have direct anti-bacterial activity as a consequence of the key structural role of lipid-A within the bacterial membrane structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Whereas remarkably diverse lipid-A structures are found in the LPS molecules produced by different Gram-negative bacteria, the requirements for maximal activation of animal cells are rather restricted [53-57]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The lipid-A structure that has been most extensively studied and the one that is optimally sensed by the CD14-MD-2-TLR4 receptor is that from E. coli."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This lipid A consists of a bis-phosphorylated di-glucosamine to which are attached six saturated fatty acyl chains with lengths of 12 or 14 (occasionally 16) carbons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "LPS molecules that have this structure are commonly referred to as \"hexaacyl LPSs\" in contra-distinction to other lipid-A structures which have four, five or seven (i.e., non-\"hexaacyl LPSs\") fatty acyl chains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 3 shows the interaction between hexaacyl lipid-A and the CD14-MD-2-TLR4 receptor [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The amphipathic lipid A molecule consists of negatively-charged (indicated by \"Θ\") phosphate groups and hydrophobic fatty acyl chains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The MD-2 co-receptor protein consists of a \"binding pocket\" which is lined with hydrophobic amino acid residues and charged amino acids at the mouth of the MD-2 pocket; the former and latter accommodate the fatty acyl chains and the phosphate groups of lipid-A, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The next part of the figure shows lipid-A inside the MD-2 pocket and also in contact with TLR4, with which it forms a 1:1 complex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Upon lipid-A binding, this TLR4-MD-2 complex dimerizes with a second complex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The bound lipid-A engages the TLR4 molecule in the second complex (TLR4*) at two main dimerization interfaces; the first being between the 6th acyl chain of lipid A (which extends out of the pocket) with uncharged amino acids (cloud labeled \"neutral\") on TLR4*, the second being between the negatively-charged 1-phosphate (1-PO 4 ) on lipid-A with positively-charged amino acid residues (cloud labeled \"+\") on TLR4*. Hexaacyl lipid-A structures are common among Enterobacteriaceae such as E. coli whereas non-Enterobacteriaceae, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa may have a non-hexaacyl lipid-A structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The structural differences in lipid-A among clinical GN bacterial isolates is a relatively recent finding."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The possible clinical relevance of these differences between the lipid-A structures of colonizing versus environmental GN bacteria remains to be determined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even were the perfect anti-endotoxin antibody were to be available tomorrow, we would still need to identify the patient population in which it should be used [58,59]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is generally regarded as the patient population with sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "What is sepsis [60]? Sepsis is a clinical syndrome for which defining objective diagnostic and prognostic tests are lacking and continue to evolve [61-64]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Forty years ago Lewis Thomas said that \"It is our response that makes the disease\" [63], a comment which succinctly describes sepsis as being the body's systemic response to suspected or proven infection rather than the infection per se."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 1991, The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) convened a panel of 35 experts to derive a standard set of definitions to rapidly identify and triage those patients who might benefit from novel anti-endotoxin antibody therapies that were about to enter clinical trials [65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The resulting consensus criteria were initially termed the Bone criteria and subsequently evolved into the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) which consists of the presence of at least two of the following; ● White blood cell count (WCC) >12,000/mm, <4000/mm 3 or with >10% immature neutrophils."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main advantage of SIRS and related criteria are their relative simplicity which led to widespread clinical application."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock are common in the ICU setting with each occurring in as many as 10% of ICU admissions [66-70]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sepsis and septic shock are associated with substantial attributable mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the CUB-Rea database, the risk of death was 54% in those with versus 28% in matched controls without septic shock giving an estimated attributable risk of 26% [66]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the limitations in using these defining criteria of sepsis are that;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● They are too sensitive, as non-infection related conditions are included [61];"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● The sepsis clinical syndrome is non-specific as to whether the causative organism is Gram-negative bacterial or other [64];"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Being a reflection of the host response, SIRS has an associated morbidity and mortality which is similar whether or not the SIRS is associated with a documented infection [67,68]; and ● As many as a third of episodes are found to occur outside of the ICU setting [68]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The limitations of the current methods for defining and testing for sepsis is best illustrated by a contrast with the field of cardiovascular medicine where in the last ten years, the availability of the serum cardiac troponin test, a rapidly available serum test of cardiac injury, has transformed the management of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes [71]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A rapid test for sepsis with this sensitivity and specificity is not yet available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A rapid test for endotoxemia would appear to be a logical method for identifying patients with the potential to benefit from anti-endotoxin therapies, and this approach has been used in some studies of anti-endotoxin antibodies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is to be further explored with newer endotoxemia assays such as the Spectral Endotoxin Activity Assay ® as used in the EUPHRATES trial."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However to date, the use of a rapid test for endotoxemia as a method for patient stratification has not proved to be practical due to issues relating to the available assays for endotoxemia [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even within the endotoxemia positive sub-groups of patients within clinical trials, the results of studies of anti-endotoxemia therapies have not been as expected (see below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover the interpretation of endotoxemia assays whether qualitative or quantitative are not simple [4,72,73]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The levels of endotoxemia encountered in patients with sepsis vary over a range of several log-fold."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Among patients with meningococcemia this range is from 10 to 10,000 ng/L [74] and among patients with sepsis this range is from undetectable (<2 pg/mL) to 5 ng/mL [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Interestingly it has been reported that endotoxemia is detectable in runners at the conclusion of a marathon at levels comparable to those with sepsis [75]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the development of anti-endotoxin antibodies as potential therapeutic agents, the following questions need to be considered in their clinical evaluation;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● What do bacteremia and endotoxemia separately contribute towards the attributable mortality of Gram negative sepsis?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Is GN bacteremia a single entity?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Can endotoxemia be considered as a single entity?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Is the attributable mortality dependent on the underlying mortality risk?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Is the onset of severe sepsis an indication that the detrimental pathophysiological process has passed the point of no return and hence anti-endotoxemia therapy at this point is futile?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Is the disconnect bridgeable or is a more fundamental explanation required?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None of the above questions can be satisfactorily resolved in an animal model of sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, GN bacteremia is clearly not a single entity despite the fact that experimental models commonly have used a single bacterial species, typical E. coli, as the challenge inoculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Amongst various GN bacteremia types there is a well-defined ranking of mortality risk with the risk being lowest for E. coli and highest for GN bacteremias such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Likewise, endotoxemia should not be regarded as a single entity given the recently described differences in the lipid-A structures among the different GN bacteremia types."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, the relationship between endotoxemia versus GN bacteremia both with respect to their mutual concordance and as predictors of outcome among patients with suspected sepsis is not simple [76-78]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Endotoxemia is not detectable for at least 20% and up to 50% of patients with GN bacteremia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, the relevance of endotoxemia detection to prognosis is dependent on the co-detection of GN bacteremia, the GN bacteremia type and the underlying mortality risk in the study population [76,77]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This has been examined in a series of meta-analyses and L'Abbé plots using data derived from 100 studies of patients with sepsis in various settings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The most recent analyses examined the relative strength of endotoxemia and GN bacteremia as independent predictors of increased mortality risk [77] and the confounding relationship with the GN bacteremia type [78]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most recent of these analyses has attempted to identify the separate contributions toward the impact of endotoxemia versus GN bacteremia on the mortality risk among various studies of patients in various settings [77]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mortality risk was analyzed from 35 studies for which individual patient data was available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This data was stratified into four distinct groups; GN bacteremia and endotoxemia co-detected (patient group 1), GN bacteremia alone (group 2), endotoxemia alone (group 3) each versus patients with neither endotoxemia nor GN bacteremia detected (group 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The difference in mortality risk between group 4 versus respectively groups 1, 2 and 3 can be represented in a summary 2598 odds ratio (OR) or risk difference (RD)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, the heterogeneity in risk across these 35 studies can be visualized in the \"scatter\" within Figure 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Also as group 4 is generally the largest group, the mortality risk for this group can be taken as representative of the underlying mortality risk for each study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The co-detection of endotoxemia with GN bacteremia is most predictive of increased mortality risk (OR 6.9; 4.4-11.0; RD 19%; 11%-27%) versus the detection of neither (Figure 4a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, this was most apparent amongst a sub-group analysis of studies undertaken outside an ICU setting and is a finding which is associated with marked heterogeneity [4,77]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By contrast, the detection of either endotoxemia (Figure 4c) or GN bacteremia (Figure 4b) in isolation versus the detection of neither is associated with borderline elevation of risk (OR < 2.0; RD < 10%) and, moreover, is associated in The heterogeneity is most apparent in the contrast of mortality risk for patient groups one versus four (Figure 4a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this regard, there is an unequal distribution in GN bacterial isolates among the patients of groups 1 and 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "E. coli bacteremia isolates are less common in group 1 versus group 2 whereas for Pseudomonas bacteremia isolates the converse applies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, while the underlying patient risk was higher for studies in an ICU setting versus studies in other settings (Figure 4), as might be expected, the additional mortality associated the detection of either or both of endotoxemia or GN bacteremia was less apparent in the studies of patients at high versus low underlying risk [77]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A further analysis of the individual patient data from studies of patients derived from eight ICU studies and small numbers from an additional 6 non-ICU studies had been undertaken [78]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These patients were identified to have GN bacteremia with or without endotoxemia (i.e., groups one and two)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This analysis has unexpectedly revealed that the detection of endotoxemia in association with E. coli bacteremia has no prognostic value in any setting [78]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is notable that this lack of prognostic value with E. coli bacteremia is at variance with the experience for GN bacteremia overall."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Note that E. coli bacteremia is often the most common GN bacteremia category in any clinical series."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This finding is also surprising given the extensive use of endotoxin derived from E. coli in experimental models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This factor is yet to be explored as a possible basis for the disconnect between the pre-clinical and clinical experience with anti-endotoxin antibodies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some have questioned whether the onset of severe sepsis indicates that the detrimental pathophysiological process has passed the point of no return and hence anti-endotoxemia therapy at this point is futile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The answer to this question can only be speculated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, there are parallels with antibiotic therapy for which there is now clear evidence that early effective antibiotic therapy is critical to optimal activity and survival of patients with septic shock [79] or conversely, late antibiotic therapy could be considered relatively ineffective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, combination antibiotic therapy may improve survival [80]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The question then becomes what additional benefit from early effective combination antibiotic and anti-endotoxin therapies could be expected? Only an adequately designed clinical trial can answer this question."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a more fundamental question. Is it possible to bridge the disconnects between the solid pre-clinical observations of the structure function by which the biological effect of lipid-A are mediated on the one hand versus the conflicting evidence for the relationship between endotoxemia and sepsis outcome as has been observed in the clinical setting on the other? In 1993 I questioned the role of endotoxemia in sepsis and proposed an alternative hypothesis [81]. I suggested that the release of endotoxin is a marker of the transition of Gram-negative bacteria to cell wall deficient forms (L-forms) that may persist in an undetected state and in this state would be non-responsive to antibiotic therapy directed against the cell wall intact parental bacterial forms [82,83]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Under this hypothesis, the disconnect could be bridged."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It would follow from this hypothesis that anti-endotoxin therapies would have no clinical value in sepsis regardless of any ability to bind to and block the effects of endotoxin activity in pre-clinical studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The term \"sepsis disconnect\" has been used to describe the failure to translate anti-endotoxin (and other immuno-modulatory) agents from promising pre-clinical evidence to proven clinical therapy [84-87]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Likewise, a meta-regression analysis asked why \"despite promising pre-clinical testing and the expenditure of several billion dollars, anti-inflammatory agents designed to inhibit specific host mediators failed to show benefit in 22 clinical trials involving over 10,000 patients\" [87]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This meta-regression questioned whether variability in the underlying risk of death between preclinical versus clinical studies could be an explanation for the disconnect [87]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, no simple explanation has emerged to account for this \"disconnect\" and there are numerous paradoxical discrepant findings between the pre-clinical studies on the one hand and the randomized controlled clinical trials of the same agent on the other [88-93]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence the term \"endotoxin-sepsis disconnect\" could be extended to positive results from the early clinical studies with anti-endotoxin therapies which raised expectations for progress in the development of these therapies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Failure to replicate findings with specific anti-endotoxin antibodies in later studies, also represents a paradoxical \"disconnect\" [91,92]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Anti-inflammatory agents that have been developed to block mediators (e.g., anti-TNF, anti-PAF) whose release is stimulated by endotoxin and hence are \"down-stream\" are not considered here although these also each exemplify a paradoxical disconnect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Some additional literature is cited and discussed further in [93]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed more broadly, no adjuvant approach to the treatment of sepsis has emerged from the extensive pre-clinical research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This extensive literature dealing with the pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of candidate anti-sepsis agents is complex and difficult to summarize."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some examples of \"disconnect\" are reviewed here to the extent that they have a bearing on the pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of anti-endotoxin antibodies for adjuvant therapy in Gram-negative sepsis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite 40 years of research with at least six candidate anti-endotoxin antibody therapies each having shown promise in pre-clinical and early clinical trials, no anti-endotoxin antibody approach to the treatment of sepsis has emerged with proven clinical benefit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In relation to anti-endotoxin therapies, the extent to which the mediation of survival benefit in experimental studies with the various anti-endotoxin therapies relate to the binding of endotoxin, the neutralization of endotoxin activity versus the clearance of either endotoxemia or even bacteremia are each contentious and unclear [91,94]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, a review article which reviewed the evidence for and against one extensively studied hypothesis,-that antibodies to the inner core raised by immunization with enterobacterial deep rough mutants confer broad spectrum protection during Gram-negative bacterial sepsis, cites over 200 references published up to 1997 [95]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The most paradoxical suggestion is that some of the anti-endotoxin monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins under study had been contaminated by endotoxin in the production process [96,97]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This endotoxin contamination from the source bacteria could account for the difficulties in replicating the protection in later pre-clinical studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A question of particular interest in this contentious area of research is the evidence pertaining to the relationship of survival benefit to reductions in levels of circulating endotoxemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unresolved issues that could bridge the pre-clinical versus clinical disconnect is the possibility that anti-endotoxin 2601 therapies may be more effective in some patient sub-groups if only these could be identified [87]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this regard the differences in lipid-A structure that have recently been discovered between E. coli versus other Gram negative bacteria together with the finding that endotoxemia has no impact on mortality when detected in association with E. coli in contrast to other types of GN bacteremia remain an important basis for re-appraisal of this old literature [4,78]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some of the anti-endotoxin therapies including antibodies which have reached clinical studies are summarized in Tables 1-3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The agents listed in these tables have anti-endotoxin activity which is thought to be mediated either through binding to lipid-A or through blocking the effects of endotoxin presumably at the level of the receptor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, even these pre-clinical studies of binding and mechanism of action are controversial and in some cases have been difficult to reproduce [98]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Not shown in these tables is a range of other biological agents designed to inhibit downstream immunological mediators whose release is triggered by endotoxin which have been evaluated in randomized clinical trials of the patient group with sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Recent commentaries [87,99] and a systematic review of 45 reviews of animal studies of therapeutic interventions for sepsis found evidence of over-extrapolation of the preclinical research findings and an under-appreciation of the deficiencies and risk of bias in study methods [100]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, an optimal animal model needs to be more than simply an \"intoxication\" model [135,139-141]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Any beneficial therapeutic effect would presumably need to be additional to that provided by supportive and other therapies such as antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The desirable type of study design is one which more closely reflects the sepsis dynamic in the clinical setting but this is difficult to achieve."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Controlled models of septic shock have been developed in dogs and other animals by workers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in attempts to disentangle the separate contributions of clearance of endotoxemia versus bacteremia toward outcome."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These models have generated unexpected and paradoxical observations bearing on the relative importance of clearance of bacteremia versus endotoxemia in relation to the effects of experimental therapeutic interventions on outcome [142-154]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the dog, implantation of an intra-peritoneal clot infected with various selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive challenge bacteria induces bacteremia together with cardiovascular changes characteristic of septic shock leading to lethality [142]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The outcomes of any therapeutic interventions can then be studied under controlled conditions simulating a clinical trial including randomized treatment assignment and investigator blinding [146]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This model enables the study of the relative effects of intervention with antibiotics, cardiovascular support and anti-endotoxin therapies on hemodynamic changes, survival time, quantitative levels of bacteremia as well as quantitative levels of endotoxemia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A series of paradoxical observations have emerged from these studies which are of interest to the questions bearing on the relationship of the effect of anti-endotoxin agents to the clearance of bacteremia versus endotoxemia and toward improved outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Amongst these studies were several that addressed variations in the type of bacterial challenge, the strain type, virulence factors and a range of therapeutic interventions [142-145] which are reviewed elsewhere [155]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only those studies that are most relevant to the development of anti-endotoxin therapies including anti-endotoxin antibodies are reviewed here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A strikingly paradoxical observation arose when the following putative anti-endotoxin interventions were studied; two anti-endotoxin therapies; a monoclonal anti-endotoxin antibody (HA-1A) [146], reconstituted human HDL lipoprotein [152], and plasma exchange [151]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These interventions were each separately studied versus control treatments in this model for the effect on survival and the associated levels of bacteremia and endotoxemia following the E. coli challenge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The effects of these interventions on the levels of endotoxemia resulted in a lowering [152], or no effect [146], or were not measured [151]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Surprisingly, in each case, the therapies either failed to increase survival or even paradoxically resulted in worsened cardiovascular effects or shortened survival despite similar quantitative levels of bacteremia versus control treated animals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further studies also generated somewhat unexpected results bearing on bacteremia and endotoxemia in relation to the protective effect of various monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against an E. coli challenge in this canine and in other models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both an isotype matched core region specific MAB and an O-side chain type specific MAB conferred protection additional to that provided by antibiotic and supportive therapy in this canine model [143]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mechanism of protection differed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the O-side chain specific MAB protection was mediated through enhanced clearance of the bacteremia and endotoxemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whereas the core region specific MAB, while protection was mediated through decreased circulatory collapse, this occurred without any measurable reduction in the bacteremia or endotoxemia compared to control treated dogs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This NIH group also investigated the protective effect of recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF) versus control treatment and the relationship between clearance of bacteremia and endotoxemia and outcome in a canine pneumonia model induced by an E. coli intra-tracheal challenge [154]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The enhanced peripheral blood neutrophil counts following prophylactic administration of rG-CSF was associated with reduced levels of endotoxemia and improved survival in this canine model of E. coli pneumonia compared to control treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The quantitative bacteremia counts were similar in the treatment and control groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The summation of these paradoxical observations made over the course of these studies reviewed here together with other studies that have been reviewed elsewhere [4,155] led this group of investigators to speculate as to whether endotoxemia has continued importance once the inflammatory response and the clinical manifestations have been initiated in that possibly… \"tolerance to endotoxemia may develop within hours [51], and persistently high levels of endotoxin may not be central to the manifestations of the sepsis syndrome\" [144]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another research group has also examined a monoclonal anti-endotoxin antibody (HA-1A) as well as an alternate anti-endotoxin intervention, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) which is an endogenously produced human endotoxin neutralizing protein, against a lethal E. coli at a high (10 11 cfu/kg inoculum) dose challenge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The plasma endotoxin levels were significantly reduced compared to no treatment after the use of BPI but not with HA-1A."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, whilst both treatments attenuated cytokine release, neither improved survival [156]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The impetus for the development of anti-endotoxin therapies had been supported by a range of clinical observations (Table 1) [157,158]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the 1970's, several clinical studies suggested that the presence in acute phase patient serum of high levels of antibodies to core antigens of lipopolysaccharide as expressed in a mutant E. coli J5 strain correlated with improved outcome of patients with sepsis [101-103]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More recent observational studies have again demonstrated the correlation between the measurable levels of anti-endotoxin core antibodies in pre-operative serum with adverse post-operative events in patients undergoing cardiac surgery [107]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These early observations led to intervention studies using various preparations of anti-sera prepared from volunteer donors specifically immunized using the mutant E. coli J5 strain [104-107]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Anti-sera production was considered to be both an expensive and an impractical undertaking for clinical use outside of investigational studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Later studies used either immunoglobulin preparations produced commercially from selected blood donations screened on the basis of anti-sera titres or specific monoclonal antibodies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results of these intervention studies are contentious as there were a number of different study designs leading to difficulties in interpretation and even reproducibility [157,158]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among these studies there were differences in anti-endotoxin antibody or agent, differences in study population and differences in study end point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Various preparations of anti-sera or immunoglobulins were used, some containing both IgM and IgG, other preparations only IgG. Some studies used a therapeutic strategy whereas other studies chose to target high risk patient groups as a prophylactic strategy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The end point of interest varied, in some studies being the occurrence of GN bacteremia, this was particularly the 2605 case for studies of a prophylactic approach (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whereas the end point in other studies was mortality, this was the case more so for studies of a treatment approach (Tables 2 and 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some of these studies used normal (non-immunized) immunoglobulin preparations as the intervention for control group patients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the choice of normal immunoglobulin preparations for control group patients is problematic as it is possible that even these may have anti-endotoxin efficacy in patients with sepsis [115,159,160] even with possible mortality benefit [159], although not seen in all studies [160-164]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A small number of studies listed in Tables 1-3 have used the detection of endotoxemia as either a criterion for study entry or as a quantitative outcome of intervention [113-115]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this regard, the studies undertaken in patients with meningococcemia are of particular interest for three reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unlike other Gram negative infections, meningococcemia is clinically distinctive and rapid recognition and early treatment is feasible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, endotoxemia occurs more commonly with meningococcaemia than with other Gram negative bacteremias [64]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, there is evidence from Norwegian investigators implicating a relationship between quantitative levels of endotoxemia and outcome among patients with meningococcaemia [74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, three studies of anti-endotoxin therapies have failed to find any significant overall mortality benefit in this condition (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0060__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Moreover, one study that examined the effect of endotoxemia detection on outcome using a logistic regression model found no significant interaction effect from the intervention [109] and another study examined levels of endotoxemia but did not report the impact on outcome [110]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several possible explanations for the disappointing results in these studies undertaken in patients with meningococcemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Adequacy of dosing and speed of administration of the intervention have been considered amongst a range of study design aspects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, in the 1992 French study [108] a significant increment in the serum level of anti-J5 antibody was not apparent in the intervention group post infusion of anti-J5 antiserum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the evidence implicating a relationship between quantitative levels of endotoxemia and outcome amongst patients with meningococcaemia has undergone a reappraisal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Recent studies from the same group of Norwegian investigators has found a close correlation between levels of endotoxemia and bacterial DNA detected using quantitative PCR methods among patients with systemic meningococcal disease [165]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0061__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence the level of bacteremia is likely to be a confounder in the correlation between the level of endotoxemia and outcome in this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A number of these anti-endotoxin treatment studies have examined the sub-group of patients with detectable endotoxemia for any different treatment response [115,166]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Notable amongst these was a sub-study from the HA-1A monoclonal antibody which concluded that HA-1A reduced mortality amongst the 27 patients with detectable endotoxemia but not amongst 55 patients without detectable endotoxemia [166]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However mostly these have been small sub-groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For other clinical trials, the results in the endotoxemia positive sub-groups of patients have also not been as expected [131]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One parameter not previously considered in the interpretation of these study results is the type of GN bacteremias seen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given that the impact of co-detection of endotoxemia with GN bacteremia on patient prognosis is unequal for different types of GN bacteremia, even amongst Enterobacteriaceae [78] it is plausible that a high prevalence of E. coli bacteremias among any of the studies in Tables 1 and 3 could account for the lack of therapeutic success."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this is speculative and the proportion of E. coli bacteremias among the overall total GN bacteremias for most studies is unknown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the development and clinical evaluation of anti-endotoxin antibodies, the recent published clinical experience with polymyxin is of interest [167-180]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Polymyxin B is a potential anti-endotoxin intervention as there is strong evidence for endotoxin binding and neutralization in pre-clinical studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0063__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Polymyxins are from a group of cyclic cationic polypeptide antibiotics and these have well characterized lipopolysaccharide binding, which is presumably mediated through binding to lipid-A, and which is associated with inhibition of endotoxin activity as measured in vitro and in whole animal studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is notable that the endotoxin antagonist property of polymyxin-B is not simple as it is dependent in part on the bacterial origin of the LPS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Amongst LPS preparations from eight different GN bacteria, Polymyxin was most inhibitory against the LPS of E. coli and least inhibitory against the LPS of N. meningitidis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An additional paradoxical finding from this study was that while polymyxin at low concentrations was inhibitory to the effects of endotoxin, at concentrations greater than 50 mcg/mL polymyxin acted synergistically with endotoxin in inducing IL-1 secretion [167]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While toxicity limits the clinical use of polymyxin B as an antibiotic, polymyxin B can be bound to a solid phase such as a hemo-perfusion column [169]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This enables hemo-perfusion as a method for the removal of circulating endotoxemia through exposure to immobilized polymyxin B without the systemic toxicity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This method and others [181] are being actively explored in clinical trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cruz et al. [ 171] systematically reviewed the polymyxin-B hemo-perfusion literature published to 2006 and found 28 publications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results of these studies were heterogeneous."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Many were small, non-randomized and unblinded studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, there was possible duplicate publication amongst these studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All but two of the 28 publications had come from groups in Japan although since 2006 several studies from European centres have been published."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Whilst the Japanese studies suggest that levels of endotoxemia were reduced by polymyxin-B hemo-perfusion and that there was a reduction in mortality of nearly 50% [172], the experience among several small European studies has been inconsistent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These European studies, which all had fewer than 70 patients, have tested for either reductions in endotoxemia or mortality using polymyxin-B based or other hemo-perfusion interventions [173-177]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These studies found either no mortality benefit with a reduction in endotoxemia [173,174], or a reduction in mortality with an unknown effect on endotoxemia [175], or neither finding [176,177]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most promising result of all studies came from the EUPHAS study (Early Use of Polymyxin Hemoperfusion in Abdominal Septic shock) which studied post-surgical patients with severe sepsis or septic shock secondary to intra-abdominal infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study was conducted in 10 Italian ICU's over a 3 year period (2004-2007) and was terminated after an interim analysis revealed that a statistically significant and seemingly impressive reduction in clinical severity indices and mortality had become apparent between the groups after the enrolment of 64 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The reduction in 28 day mortality achieved in this study was as follows; 11 of 34 (33%) patients with polymyxin-B hemo-perfusion versus 16 of 30 (53%) patients with conventional therapy [175]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the interpretation of the EUPHAS study is unclear for several reasons [178-180]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One is that even with 64 patients, it is a small study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, the number of bacteremias found in the two groups was unequal; 16 among the patients receiving polymyxin-B hemo-perfusion versus only 3 among the patients receiving conventional therapy, a highly significant and unexplained imbalance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Hence whether the efficacy of the polymyxin is dependent on the clearance of endotoxemia or of bacteremia remains unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A third criticism is that survival had been prolonged by a few days only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In this 2607 regard the study results were statistically significant only according to an analysis based on the relative survival time (adjusted hazard ratio 0.36; 95% CI: 0.16-0.8) but not by an analysis of absolute survival (Fisher's exact test; p = 0.13) A final criticism of the EUPHAS study is that endotoxemia levels were not measured."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0069__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These study deficiencies are to be addressed in two follow up multi-center studies, the EUPHRATES (Evaluating Use of Polymyxin Hemo-perfusion in an RCT of Adults treated for Endotoxemia and Septic shock) which is to be undertaken in North American ICU's together with the EUPHAS2 which is to be undertaken in Italian centers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another European study of endotoxemia adsorption using hemo-perfusion randomized 143 septic patients with suspected Gram-negative sepsis to receive either standard therapy alone versus standard therapy plus an extracorporeal endotoxin absorber."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this study [181], the endotoxin absorber was immobilised human serum albumin (iHSA), not polymxin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was a non-significant trend toward lower endotoxemia levels with the extracorporeal endotoxin absorber treatment but no difference was found in the primary end point overall (APACHEII score) or survival."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence despite proven in vitro efficacy, the clinical efficacy of polymyxin remains unclear in clinical studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, whether any clinical efficacy is contingent on reduction in detectable levels of endotoxemia versus on anti-bacterial effects for example also remains unclear."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Endotoxin is an attractive target against which to develop adjuvant therapies such as antibodies to aid in the management of sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, there are multiple challenges toward the development of these therapies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first is the design of suitable experimental models with which to test the effects of anti-endotoxin antibodies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The extreme sensitivity of humans to endotoxin versus laboratory animals and the relative anti-bacterial versus anti-endotoxin effects of candidate antibodies are major considerations here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More broadly, the exact role of lipid-A and the importance of endotoxemia in the mediation of sepsis both remain to be clarified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The disconnect has increased with the recent progress in understandings of the complexities of the lipid-A structure function relationship on the one hand and the heterogeneous relationship between endotoxemia detection and the outcome of sepsis on the other."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For these reasons, endotoxemia, as with GN bacteremia, should no longer be considered as a single entity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, the pathophysiological relevance of endotoxemia is dependent on the presence and type of concomitant GN bacteremia and possibly also on the underlying patient risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, an overarching challenge toward the further development of anti-endotoxin antibodies, as with other anti-endotoxin therapeutics, is the need to acknowledge the substantial and increasing disconnect between the pre-clinical versus clinical experience."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4887__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I have read with interest James C. Hurley’s very good review [1]. I totally agree that a reappraisal of the use of anti-endotoxin antibodies in Gram negative infections is warranted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a study [2] we showed the possible association between endotoxin (LPS) and morbidity and mortality in septic shock."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was a study in healthy primates (vervet monkeys)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found, when these anesthetized primates received an LD100 iv infusion of Echerichia coli (E. coli) over one hour, both E. coli and endotoxin concentration significantly increased during the E. coli infusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The anti-endotoxin (anti-LPS) on the other hand decreased significantly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, when the animals succumbed, their LPS concentration was still raised, but there were no viable E. coli."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was also only a small amount of anti-LPS present."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence, endotoxin concentration rather than circulating E. coli bacteria may be an important pathogen responsible for the high mortality experienced during E. coli shock."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is in agreement with Spink et al. [ 3] and now Hurley [1] who suggested that endotoxin which forms an integral part of the outer cellular membrane of gram negative bacteria (GNB) participates in the genesis of shock."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our review [4] and some of the other papers we published in this field [5–9], we refer to successful preliminary studies using anti-lipopolysaccharide IgG (anti-LPS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The anti-LPS both present prior to the insult or given after the insult, would seem to inactivate plasma endotoxins and combat Gram-negative bacteria in sepsis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thereby, as Hurley [1] suggests, may form part of a possible new form of therapy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__critique__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The question that needs to be addressed is: how best to accomplice this? What part of the endotoxin should be attacked, the O-specific chain or the smaller Lipid-A, or even, if possible, both?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4887__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I appreciate the thoughtful comments from Dr. Brock-Utne [1] on my recent review of the disconnect between animal studies and clinical experience with anti-endotoxemia therapies [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dr. Brock-Utne, the author of this commentary, has been a co-author of several important contributions in the area of human endotoxemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their reports that strenuous exercise causes endotoxemia in ultradistance triathlon competitors are of great interest [3,4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They had also reported how anti-LPS antibodies change in response following the appearance of endotoxemia in these athletes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Their reports are important in that their publications are rare examples of systematic trans-species investigations of endotoxemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, the levels of endotoxemia in human athletes they observed were not trivial with levels as high as 0.294 ng/mL. These levels were 15 times the detection limit of the assay and at levels comparable to those seen in the blood of patients in the intensive care unit with sepsis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0083__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Their reports of endotoxemia in these athletes are thought provoking and at the very least may help to explain fatalities with heat stroke [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4887__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4887", "paragraph_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the specific question they raise in their comment [1] as to whether anti-endotoxin therapy is feasible for Gram-negative sepsis is not simple."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In my review article I point to several levels of disconnect between animal model studies and human sepsis which are problematic towards addressing the question that Dr Brock-Utne has posed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I am uncertain of the relevance of the observations of Brucellosis and its treatment published in 1948 [6] to the management of sepsis in the 21st century [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, it remains unclear what relevance the infusion of Echerichia coli (E. coli) endotoxin (LPS) into laboratory animals has to the development of therapies for human sepsis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There are multiple instances of disconnect between findings in such laboratory experiments with promising anti-endotoxin agents and results of subsequent clinical studies [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For example, while animal model studies commonly use (E. coli) endotoxin, it is possible that this may have been the wrong endotoxin to study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We recently found that endotoxemia detected in association with Gram-negative sepsis with E. coli bacteremia does not have a significant association with mortality [8,9] although endotoxemia with non-E. coli bacteremia does."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4887__response__p0084__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To me the broader question remains enigmatic and the disconnect between animal model research and human sepsis has increased rather than decreased with time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4887/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1989753064_W2084285577_W1999973806", "triad_name": "triad_4887", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4887__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The trial is registered at the Netherlands trial registry, #3440, www.trialregister.nl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The data that support the find- ings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_559__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: Support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), VIDI 91711319 and the Dutch Brain Foundation for the submitted work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No author has finan- cial relationships with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous 3 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_559__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, Pijpers et al. ( 2019) reported in Brain on the use of onabotulinumtoxinA (ONA, Botox(cid:2), Allergan) for medication overuse withdrawal in patients with chronic migraine."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their double-blind randomized controlled trial they conclude that ONA does not offer benefits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Medication overuse in chronic migraine is a well-recognized problem [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Drug withdrawal is an integral part of all strategies to overcome it [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Apart from other substance specific withdrawal symptoms, transient increase in migraine may result."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_559__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As ONA in doses of 155–195 MU according to the PREEMPT is effective and safe for chronic migraine [1][2], it might be interesting to evaluate ONA’s effect in this situation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this, the authors studied 90 patients with chronic migraine receiving regular ONA treatment with 155 MU and 79 patients with chronic migraine receiving placebo when their drug overuse was abruptly stopped in an outpatient setting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The placebo patients received 17.5 MU ONA in the forehead and normal saline in all other PREEMPT injection sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The study followed a randomized controlled design."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In 90% of patients in both groups acute withdrawal was well-tolerated throughout the 48-week observation period."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In both groups there was a robust improvement of various chronic migraine parameters, whereas there was no significant difference between the ONA and the placebo group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_559__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors are unaware of two main aspects of ONA therapy of chronic migraine with far reaching consequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, dose effect curves for ONA are rudimentary for most of its applications, and virtually non-existent for chronic migraine therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This means we do not know whether there is a threshold dose for its efficacy, a saturation dose and what the relationship in between may be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After all, ONA forehead doses of 17.5 MU are 50% of the PREEMPT forehead dose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Besides, these ONA doses produce robust motor effects and somewhat higher doses are even exerting antidepressive effects [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, it is entirely unclear from where ONA’s chronic migraine effect originates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0005__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It may well be the forehead where the PCB injections were placed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_559__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The enormous ‘placebo effect’ of this study also raises suspicion that the placebo group was actually treated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the authors clearly cannot exclude a therapeutic effect in the placebo group, they may then just have merely compared a regular ONA therapy with a low dose ONA therapy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When the authors are concluding that ONA is not effective, the exact opposite may be true: ONA is not only effective in chronic migraine, it may also be used in medication overuse withdrawal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Having developed medication overuse to start with may actually be considered a reason to switch from conventional medication to ONA with its excellent adverse effect profile both, on acute and on long-term application."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__critique__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If this is the strategy, that switch may very well be initiated before conventional medications are withdrawn."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_559__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Prof. Dressler for his interest in our study and his honesty to report that he is shareholder of Allergan, the manufacturer of the drug tested in our trial, and that he holds patents on botulinum toxin and botulinum toxin therapy [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "His letter offers us the opportunity to correct some misconceptions with respect to the perceived efficacy of botulinum toxin A (BTA) in chronic migraine with medication overuse (CM + MO)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It also enables us to correct some apparent misunderstandings with respect to the study design and to present new additional evidence, further supporting the conclusion that BTA does not afford any additional clinical benefit over withdrawal in patients with CM + MO."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Professor Dressler suggests that BTA is an effective treatment for chronic migraine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to put this claim into perspective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While statistically significant, the greater reduction in headache days with BTA versus placebo was clinically hardly relevant: 1.8 days from 19.9 days at baseline (510%) [2][3][4][5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, unblinding due to BTA-induced removal of facial wrinkling might well have biased outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Up to 90% of participants in similar trials had correctly guessed their treatment, mainly because of the cosmetic effect of the treatment [6][7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent Cochrane review, the efficacy of BTA was disputed because of the large and unexplained heterogeneity in the studies [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To avoid unblinding, we administered 17.5 units of BTA in the forehead of participants in the placebo group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is very low compared to the 155 units used in the PREEMPT studies [2][3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We are not aware of any published evidence that such low doses may afford clinically relevant improvement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact, 17.5 units is significantly lower than the lowest dose ever reported for headache [9][8], psychiatric disorders [7], peripheral neuropathy [10], or regular cosmetic purposes [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In animal studies, low doses were clearly less effective [12] or not effective at all [13][14] on putative therapeutic modes of action."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, there is no evidence that seven injections with in total 17.5 units BTA in the forehead might have caused a clinically relevant reduction in headache days."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, if such low doses were indeed effective, why then should we continue to treat patients with 31 injections totaling a 9-fold higher dose?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In his letter, Professor Dressler seems also mistaken with the study design and patient number."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To clarify, all 179 participants were advised to stop all headache medication and were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive BTA (n = 90; 31 injections; in total 155 units) or placebo (n = 89; seven injections with a total of 17.5 units BTA in the forehead and 24 injections with saline elsewhere)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Importantly, blinding was well kept."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "BTA did not afford any additional clinical benefit over withdrawal alone [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effect of withdrawal in our study was similar to that in other studies, showing similar proportions of patients reverting from chronic to episodic headache [16][17] or with at least 50% reduction in headache days [18][16][17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent randomized, controlled, clinical trial, patients with mainly CM + MO had 6.7 fewer migraine days after withdrawal [19]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent review, it was recommended to implement withdrawal in the care of patients with CM + MO [20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "559", "paragraph_id": "triad_559__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_559__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, withdrawal is now recognized as a highly cost-effective therapy [21] leading to substantial reduction of headache days in most patients [17][22][19][20][21]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_559/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2939266510_W2996218368_W2989822702", "triad_name": "triad_559", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_559__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First described by Sir Astley Cooper in 1845, 10 the precise anatomy of the IMF remains controversial in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multiple authors cite that a discrete inframammary crease ligament is found originating from the fifth rib medially to the sixth interspace laterally and inserts into the deep dermis at the level of the IMF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "11-13 Recent anatomic dissections of the breast have identi- fied dermal attachments to the deep and superficial fascia that constitute the foundation of the IMF rather than the presence of a distinct inframammary crease ligament."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These dissections have shown that the superficial fascia splits into a subcutaneous layer anterior to the gland (Camper's fascia) and a superficial fascia layer deep to the gland (Scarpa's fascia)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Below this Scarpa's layer, a layer of deep fascia lies on the anterior surface of the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Collagen fibers from the superficial and deep layers of the superficial fascia trav- erse the gland to insert into the dermis at the level of the IMF."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "14,15 Even though the anatomy of the IMF may be disputed and these ligamentous structures or fascial confluences may not be fully appreciated clinically, the IMF should still be reinforced for these high-risk patients because of their potential for inferior implant malposition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A 3-point suture would ideally mimic dermal attachments between the superficial Camper's fascia, Scarpa's fascia, and deep fascia on the anterior surface of the pectoralis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the purposes of this study, 3-point suture fixation was only applied to primary subpectoral breast-augmentation pa- tients with an inframammary approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Implants, as well as the IMF, were selected based on tissue-based measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "4 After pocket dissection and implant placement, 16 a 3-point fixation suture (3-0 vicryl) was placed at the midpoint of the incision between the superficial fascia along the lower aspect of the IMF incision, the superficial fascia along the upper aspect of the IMF incision, and the deep fascia at the IMF (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "17"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This fixation was repeated 1 cm lateral and medial to the midpoint, closing the breast pocket."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The implant was protected during all points of fixation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The 3-point suture fixation created dermal fascial attachments to the underlying deeper fascia, reinforcing the IMF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Of note, ap- propriately placed 3-point suture fixation will transmit a mild external indentation to the soft tissue that will dissipate over the subsequent 2 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The remainder of the incision was closed in layers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A video demonstrating the IMF fixation suture at the IMF of the breast in a primary breast augmenta- tion is available as Supplemental Material."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have applied this technique from 2010 through 2014 to approximately 600 high-risk primary-breast-augmentation patients in our practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All of these patients had at least 1 of the 6 aforementioned preoperative criteria; these pa- tients had increased stress on the IMF and/or iatrogenic weakness of the IMF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No postoperative complications were reported, and implant malposition was less than 1% in this series."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All high-risk patients seemed to benefit equally from placement of a 3-point suture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Future investi- gations are needed to determine which patient subtypes have the highest benefit from IMF fixation or if the presence of multiple criteria have a compounded risk of implant malposition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since implementing this protocol, no high-risk patients in the clinical practice have been excluded from this surgi- cal algorithm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All patients have been seen approximately 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoper- atively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Representative clinical cases are depicted in Figure 2 (constricted pole) and Figure 3 (narrow breast)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article describes a single surgeon's experience with 3-point suture fixation as a preventive adjunct for implant malposition in primary breast augmentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This technique did not increase operative time, implant trauma, operative bleeding, or postoperative recovery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Postoperatively, patients did not complain of increased pain or IMF distortion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Long-term studies are needed; but anecdotally, implant mal- position has been less than 1% with this surgical adjunct in this high-risk population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Prior to 2010, the incidence of implant malposition was 3% in this cohort."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even though we have not seen any complications from this procedure in our series, this intervention is not 100% atraumatic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three-point suture fixation places increased suture material in the incision, possibly leading to a foreign body reaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, the suture causes a temporary fold deformity; however, this deformity subsides after a few weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, placement of a deep-fascial suture po- tentially increases the risk of hematoma or implant injury."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As a result of these possible adverse outcomes, we reserve the 3-point suture for high-risk patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article focuses on technical refinements rather than a comparative series; as such, the specifics of patient demographics and/or clinical outcomes were not extrapo- lated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A longer, larger investigation with detailed patient characteristics is needed to compare our series vs controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Despite these limitations, because this technical refine- ment is easily adaptable, sustainable, has minimal risk, and does not increase operative time, reporting the"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No increased financial cost was associated with use of this technique."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By preemptively treating breast augmentation patients who are at high risk for IMF deformities, this IMF fixation suture can control the IMF and implant position."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This technical refinement for breast augmentation may help refine results and minimize future complications; however, future studies are needed for definitive conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3799__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two recent studies describe suture techniques to control the inframammary fold (IMF) [1], [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Campbell et al. [ 1] use 3-0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) deep fascial sutures to reinforce the IMF, and report no complications in 600 patients and implant malposition in fewer than 1% of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, Montemurro et al. [ 2] describe a “stable reset” of the IMF, using Quill barbed sutures (Surgical Specialties, Wyomissing, PA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These authors [2] report that 1.15% of their 436 patients experienced bottoming out and 1.38% had a double bubble."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Campbell et al. [ 1] recognize the need to compare their results with controls."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the legend to the authors’ Figure 3, Campbell et al. [ 1] state that they repositioned the IMF down to 7.2 cm, although its position next to a pigmented skin lesion appears unchanged."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Montemurro et al. [ 2] state that the existing IMF was lowered 1.5 cm in their clinical example."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This wording suggests that the degree of lowering was controlled and determined by the surgeons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is uncertain whether large sutures, such as 0 PDO Quill [2] that take longer to absorb, are advantageous."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Wounds are known to heal by a “one wound” concept [3], not respecting tissue layers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Scar tissue seems to morph (cheese wire) around sutures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At reoperation, permanent sutures are typically loose [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The strength of the bond depends on the scar tissue, not the suture [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To reduce bottoming out, the subpectoral pocket may be dissected slightly high on the chest, anticipating descent of the implant with time (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In many women, the incision may be located about 1 cm cephalad to the IMF, rather than exactly in the IMF as recommended by Montemurro et al. [ 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The dissection proceeds obliquely and superiorly to the inferior border of the pectoralis muscle, parallel to the fascial condensations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It makes sense, whenever possible, to avoid dissection through the fascial condensations and horizontal ligaments [6] deep to the IMF by staying superior to them, rather than disrupting the IMF and then repairing it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This safe dissection plane also minimizes the risk of the double bubble deformity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The scar is still well hidden on the underside of the breast and is unlikely to be exposed when the patient wears a bikini top (an occasional problem if the scar is located too low)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Measurements reveal that the IMF drops after breast augmentation (Figure 1) [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three months after surgery it has descended 0.71 cm on average (range, 0.06-1.55 cm) in patients treated with smooth, round, saline-filled implants inserted through an inframammary incision, and no extra reinforcement [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Textured implants are designed to adhere to local tissue and resist movement."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, reports of bottoming out in some patients and photographs suggest that textured implants do settle [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In truth, the operator may have little control over the descent of the IMF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The IMF descends gradually (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A recent cadaveric study introduces rib fixation using absorbable anchors [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In view of the dynamic nature of the IMF [7], a static repair may appear unnatural over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Reinforcement of the IMF potentially increases the risk of hematoma or implant damage [1], and causes more patient discomfort [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comment is needed regarding inclusion rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both studies claim 100% follow-up 6 months [2] or 1 year after surgery [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is quite extraordinary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cosmetic surgery patients are notoriously unreliable in keeping long-term follow-up appointments, particularly for research purposes [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A 37% attrition rate at 1 year is typical [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Unfortunately, plastic surgeons are still not in the habit of measuring their results using a reference system and standardized photographs (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__critique__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Only measurements can inform us as to the validity of our treatments, or lack thereof."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3799__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent letter to the Aesthetic Surgery Journal, “Can We Really Control the Inframammary Fold (IMF) in Breast Augmentation?” Dr Swanson made claims regarding the inability to control the IMF during primary breast augmentation [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We were surprised by the comment and almost decided not to respond, however, we decided to offer the following."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Controlling IMF position and nipple: fold length is the single most important aspect of breast surgery and is often disregarded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The surgeon, who pays no attention to this philosophy, is sure to have poor results; and the surgeon, who makes this a priority, will enhance results; however, controlling the IMF can never be 100% successful as many variables exist, the most unpredictable being – living tissue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our clinical practice has demonstrated an easily adaptable, low-risk, three-point IMF suture fixation technique to reinforce the IMF to decrease the risk of implant malposition in high-risk patients [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This technique places a three-point suture between the superficial fascia of the breast envelope, the superficial fascia of the IMF, and the deep fascia of the IMF, mimicking the ligamentous attachments discussed by Muntan and Matousek in independent anatomic studies [3][4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Conversely, other authors believe the IMF to be purely a superficial fascial structure; and in this case, this 3-point suture is a non-anatomic reinforcement of the IMF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, Montemurro et al suggested equivocal success with a low complication profile using barbed sutures to reinforce the IMF in primary breast augmentation [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although our group has limited experience with barbed sutures in primary breast augmentation, the clinical findings of Montemurro et al support the anatomic studies and the success of suture fixation to control the IMF."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our previous study demonstrated six indications to preemptively control the IMF:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) Surgical lowering of the IMF. (2) Utilization of implants 20% larger than recommended by the High-5 process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "(3) Nulliparous women with dense glandular breast tissue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "(4) Narrow breast width (BW < 11 cm)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "(5) Shaped form stable implants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "(6) Constricted lower pole or tuberous breasts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because of skepticism regarding our lack of follow up and success of controlling the IMF with suture fixation, we have included further images to demonstrate our postoperative outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 1 demonstrates preoperative and one-year postoperative images of a nulliparous women with dense glandular breast tissue after primary breast augmentation with three-point suture fixation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 2 demonstrates preoperative and one-year postoperative images of a patient with implants 20% larger than the High-5 system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3799", "paragraph_id": "triad_3799__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3799__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The surgeon has many techniques to control the IMF, and to dispute that is simply inaccurate; we recommend this algorithm to all surgical practices not only to enhance pre-surgical planning and patient education but also to optimize postoperative outcomes [6][7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3799/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2313273821_W2525294154_W2525286347", "triad_name": "triad_3799", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3799__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We aimed to identify all published data relating the presence of fQRS to cardiovascular end points in patients with AMI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Li- brary were searched to find primary references and reviews."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Search terms included: fragmented QRS, QRS fragmentation, fQRS, coronary artery disease, CAD, myocardial infarction, MI, mortality, mor- bidity, survival, and prognosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These terms were combined with the search algorithm, for example, \"fragmented QRS and myocardial infarction.\" The search was restricted to adults (>18 years of age) in English language peer-reviewed journals from 1960 to October 2015."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Abstracts of the articles published by the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, the European Society of Cardiology, were also searched."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reviews and reference lists of retrieved articles were hand searched for potentially relevant publication not previously identified in the database search."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The retrieved studies were examined to eliminate po- tential duplicates or overlapping data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our analysis is based on the guidelines of the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in the Epidemiology Group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "22"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Studies recruiting patients with STEMI and/or NSTEMI were included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Diagnosis of an acute STEMI was made by the presence of new or presumed new ST-segment elevation at the J point in >2 contiguous leads of >0.2 mV in leads V 1 , V 2 , or V 3 , and >0.1 mV in other leads."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Marked ST depression, which was maximal in leads V 1 through V 3 , without ST segment elevation in other leads, was designated as posterior wall MI and included in the STEMI group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "23 Acute NSTEMI was defined by the detection of increases and/or decreases in cardiac biomarkers (troponin I), with >1 value above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit, together with evidence of myocardial ischemia, which included typical symptoms of myocardial ischemia, electrocardiographic changes indicative of new ischemia (new ST-T changes) or the development of pathologic Q waves on ECG, or imaging evidence (nuclear imaging, echocardiography, or left ven- triculography) of a new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Studies recruiting patients with stable CAD or patients with unstable angina pectoris (normal cardiac biomarker levels obtained 6-8 hours after presentation) were excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In addition, studies only including patients with ischemic or nonischemic cardiomyopathy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, and Chagas' disease were excluded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Only the studies that used 12-lead ECG during the index hospitalization of MI for the definition of fQRS were included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The description of Das for definition of fQRS was searched for in the articles and other definitions such as \"QRS distortion\" were omitted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1 Das has defined fQRS as; the presence of an additional R wave (R ) or notching in the nadir of the S wave, or the presence of 1R (fragmentation) in two contiguous leads, corresponding to a major coronary artery territory where the QRS duration <120 ms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One study was excluded because the ECGs were obtained 2 months after AMI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "8 Persistent QRS fragmentation was defined as presence of QRS fragmentation throughout the hospital stay including the discharge ECG, or the last ECG performed in case of death."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Transient QRS fragmentation was defined as presence of fragmentation in at least one ECG but not in all ECGs recorded during the hospitalization or follow-up period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Studies using methods other than 12-lead ECG such as vectorcardiography, magnetocardiography, and signal-averaged ECG were also excluded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary outcome of interest was the occur- rence of a first fatal event during the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization (percutaneous or surgical) or death from these events."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The risk of study bias was evaluated with Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool which includes six domains: participation, attrition, prognostic factor measurement, outcome measurement, study confounding, statistical analysis and reporting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24 Publication bias was evaluated by generating a funnel plot of the logarithm of effect size against the standard error for each trial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The significance between two groups was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 2-tailed 95% confidence intervals (CI)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A fixed-effect model was used for homogenous studies, whereas a random-effect model was used for heterogeneous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Statistic I 2 was used to describe the percentage of total across-studies variation due to study-to-study het- erogeneity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Subgroup analyses were performed to explore and control potential confounders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A two- sided P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Statistical analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.0 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, United Kingdom)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study selection process is illustrated in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In total, 204 studies (excluding duplicates) were identified by our literature search."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After the exclusion of nonrelevant studies, case reports and reviews by title and abstracts, 41 studies including patients with acute MI were retrieved for further consideration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 27 of these studies, data on morbidity/mortality were not reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Three studies were excluded as morbidity/mortality data regarding subgroup analysis of STEMI/NSTEMI were not reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Finally, 10 studies were included in our systematic review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "9-18"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methodological quality of the included studies was generally good, without high risk of bias (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In six studies with long-term follow- up, only Lorgis et al. reported data regarding loss to follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9-12, 16, 17 Six studies reported in-hospital adverse events, thus it may be assumed that no cases were lost to follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "13-18 In addition, it was not clear how three studies accounted for potential confounders, raising the small possibility of result distortion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "13, 15, 18 The funnel plot did not suggest evidence of publication bias (Fig. 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The baseline characteristics of ten included studies are shown in Table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study size differed from 85 to 433 subjects and in total 2766 cases were included in this meta-analysis, 1064 of them were assigned in the fQRS (+) group (38.5%) and 1702 of them were assigned in the fQRS (-) group (61.5%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Four studies were designed as prospective and others were retrospective trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "9, 15-17 Male patients were predominantly enrolled in these studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The mean age of cases ranged from 54 to 71 years in fQRS (+) groups and 55 to 62 years in the fQRS (-) groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "studies included patients with both STEMI and NSTEMI (n = 607)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "11, 13 In total, 1626 patients (58.7%) had STEMI and 1440 patients had NSTEMI (41.3%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All of the studies have defined QRS fragmen- tation using ECGs obtained during acute MI and mostly within 48 hours of hospitalization (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rate of QRS fragmentation ranged between 20% and 61% and was 38.5 % in total."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the STEMI population, fQRS was detected in 568 of 1527 patients (37.2%) and in NSTEMI population, fQRS was detected in 327 of 939 patients (34.8%) which was not statistically different (P = 0.41)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All of the studies except for Sheng et al. reported left ventricular EF in study groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In six studies, left ventricular EF was lower in fQRS (+) (ranged between 35% and 45%) compared to fQRS (-) group (ranged between 43% and 50%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9, 14-18 Whereas, three studies reported an insignificant difference of left ventricular EF between the groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "10-12 Seven studies reporting left ventricular EF in mean ± standard deviation were analyzed with the random effects approach."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The overall effect showed that patients who had fQRS on admission ECG had a significantly lower LVEF than patients without fQRS (WMD −6.01, 95% CI [−9.08, −2.94], P < 0.00001) (Fig. 3)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In six studies the frequency of 3-vessel disease was reported. 10, 12, 14, 16-18 In four studies, the frequency of 3-vessel disease was higher in fQRS (+) group (ranged between 42% and 61%) compared to fQRS (-) group (ranged between 15% and 33%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In total, the frequency of 3-vessel disease was 46.4% in fQRS (+) group and was 24.2% in fQRS (-) group (P < 0.01).Whereas, two studies re- ported an insignificant difference between groups regarding multivessel involvement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "12, 17 Most of the patients with STEMI were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (77.6%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Six studies reported in-hospital mortality 13-18 and six studies reported long-term adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "9mortality rates but reported the outcome as MACE only."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding in-hospital events, mortality was significantly higher in fQRS (+) group (99/733; 13.5%) compared to fQRS (-) group (47/1293; 3.6%) (OR 4.03; 95% CI, 1.81-8.94; P = 0.0006) (Fig. 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When only STEMI studies were included in the analysis, mortality was higher in fQRS (+) group (57/479; 11.9%) compared to fQRS (-) group (21/814; 2.6%) (OR 6.01; 95% CI, 2.37-15.23; P = 0.0002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "14-16, 18"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Five studies reported mortality rates during a follow up period ranging between 6.6 and 28.2 months."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "10-12, 16, 17 The mortality rate was higher in fQRS (+) group (89/473; 18.8%) compared to fQRS (-) group (54/1009; 5.3%) (OR 3.93; 95% CI, 1.92-8.05; P = 0.0002) (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition the frequency of MACE was higher in fQRS (+) group (46.9%) compared to fQRS (-) group (14.6%) (OR 5.13; 95% CI, 2.77-9.51; P < 0.00001) (Fig. 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When only 3 NSTEMI studies are included in the analysis, mortality rate was higher in fQRS (+) group (17.7%) compared to fQRS (-) group (5.7%) (OR 3.42; 95% CI, 2.01-5.82; P < 0.00001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "10, 12, 17 When 2 studies which required persistence of fQRS(+) throughout the hospitalization period were excluded, 10, 14 presence of fQRS was still found to be correlated with higher risk of mortality in the remaining study population (OR 3.59; 95% CI, 1.99-6.47; P < 0.00001), in STEMI subgroup (OR 8.08; 95% CI, 2.65-24.65; P < 0.00001), 15, 16, 18 and in NSTEMI subgroup (OR 3.20; 95% CI, 1.46- 6.99; P < 0.00001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "12, 17"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "presence of fQRS is associated with higher risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality and adverse cardiovascular events in patients with AMI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is the first meta-analysis focused on STEMI and NSTEMI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two prior meta-analyses included patients with stable/unstable CAD, cardiomyopa- thy and ICD implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "19, 20 AMI is the most severe form of CAD which is associated with high risk of left ventricular failure, arrhyth- mias and mortality compared to stable patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fragmentation of QRS has been shown to be correlated with myocardial scar, left ventricular dysfunction and arrhythmias in patients with various cardiovascular diseases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "2, 19 In fact, AMI is the initial event in most of patients that lead to heart failure, arrhythmias and ICD implantation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Determination of QRS fragmentation during the acute phase of AMI (especially within 48 hours) is feasible and as we have shown in this meta- analysis, presence of fQRS may have clinical value in establishing patients with higher risk for short and long term adverse cardiac events."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this analysis, we have found that presence of fQRS is correlated with short- and long-term adverse cardiac event regardless of the AMI type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, a higher portion of patients with fQRS had multivessel disease which may result in incomplete revascularization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We have found that patients with fQRS (+) have lower LVEF compared to fQRS (-) patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This finding is concordant with previous reports which found lower LVEF, and larger left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensions and volumes in patients with fQRS and CAD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "21, 25 As we included only AMI patients, we can assume that appearance of QRS fragmentation even in the early phase of AMI may indicate larger infarct size and worse LV systolic function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This correlation may partially explain the worse prognosis in patients with fQRS (+)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prognostic value of QRS fragmentation during the acute phase of ACS was first proposed by Das et al. 26 In that study, they have reported that fQRS had higher sensitivity for diagnosis of STEMI or NSTEMI compared to Q waves, T-wave inversion or ST-segment depression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, they have found higher long-term mortality rates in fQRS(+) group compared to fQRS (-) group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This study was not included in this meta-analysis because the mortality and morbidity rates were not reported in the AMI subgroup."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In another study, Pietrasik et al. reported incidence of QRS fragmentation as 53% in AMI patients after 2 months."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "8 They found that presence of QRS fragmentation and/or Q waves was not associated with long term adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Interestingly, they found that patients with resolved Q waves and persistent fQRS had the highest risk for long-term adverse events."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important confounding factor in evaluation of QRS fragmentation in CAD patients is the timing of the ECG and persistence of QRS fragmentation throughout the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The studies are heterogeneous and persistence of ECG findings were not reported in all studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this meta- analysis, five studies reported data regarding dura- tion of QRS fragmentation 10, 11, 13, 14, 18 In subgroup analysis, we have found that documentation of QRS fragmentation within 48 hours of hospitalization is adequate and is correlated with worse outcome in STEMI and NSTEMI patients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The data regarding the rate of persistence of QRS fragmentation after AMI is controversial, thus, to our opinion use of the ECGs obtained within 48 hours of hospitalization is adequate for risk stratification of patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The exact mechanism of fQRS on ECG has not been fully elucidated in the literature but most of the studies have concluded the main causative mechanism is cardiac fibrosis and scar- ring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Presence of QRS fragmentation is accepted as a sensitive marker of myocardial scar after AMI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "2 Myocardial damage causes heterogeneity of my- ocardial segments and a conduction delay around the infarction zone or scar accounts for the reason for fragmentation in QRS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even if arrhythmic complications were not reported in detail in this analysis, sudden cardiac death is a major cause of death in patients with CAD and MI."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, presence of fQRS may be correlated with arrhythmic compli- cations and SCD that leads to higher mortality risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several potential limitations of present meta- analysis should be taken into account."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, there is publication bias on considering only published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, language was restricted to English."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "About half of the studies were retrospec- tive which warrants more large scale randomized controlled trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The duration of follow-up was not same for all studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In addition, it is hard to evalu- ate the additive prognostic value of QRS fragmen- tation besides reduced LVEF in patients with AMI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Presence of fQRS on admission ECG was a predictor of mortality, MACE, deterioration of LV function and presence of multivessel disease in patients with STEMI and NSTEMI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further evaluation of clinical use of QRS fragmentation in patients with AMI are needed to establish the risk of arrhythmic complications and mortality in patients with fQRS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3764__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3764__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the article by G€ung€or et al. [ 1] in the recent issue of your journal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this meta-analysis, the authors showed that presence of fQRS was a predictor of mortality, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), deterioration of left ventricle function, and presence of multivessel disease in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-STEMI (NSTEMI)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We would like to add some comments and contributions to this article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3764__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Development of fQRS is a dynamic process and appears approximately 24–48 hours after the onset of symptoms or after diagnosis and following MI necrosis [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, in the majority of studies, the 48th hour were investigated for the definition of fQRS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Whereas the importance of the presence of on admission fQRS was investigated in two of the studies included in this meta-analysis [3], [4], in others the importance of the presence of fQRS in the 48th hour electrocardiography (ECG) was investigated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors proposed that fQRS within 48 hours of hospitalization is adequate and correlated with worse outcome in the discussion section."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, in the conclusion section, they indicated that fQRS on admission ECG was a predictor of mortality, MACE, deterioration of LV function, and presence of a multivessel disease in patients with MI."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Stating as fQRS on admission ECG in the conclusion section of the meta-analysis can cause confusion and misperception on the part of the reader, because the fQRS on admission ECG can disappear within the 48 hour follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For this reason, we think that it will be more correct to say fQRS developing within 48 hours."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3764__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, most researchers have recently focused on the number of fQRS derivations pattern rather than fQRS presence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our recent study [5], we showed that number of leads with fQRS on ECG is an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in acute STEMI patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Findings related to the number of fQRS derivations are also discussed in three of the studies included in this meta-analysis [3], [6], [7], and it was shown that as the number of fQRS derivations increased, the incidence of MACE and number of vessels with critical stenosis increased; conversely LV function decreased significantly [3], [6], [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The concept of at least two derivations is mentioned for the traditional definition of fQRS, but these studies show that the presence of fQRS in even one derivation can be significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It can make an additional contribution to this meta-analysis for the authors to investigate findings related to the number of fQRS derivations in the studies included in this meta-analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3764__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, despite increasing studies, the matter of when the presence of fQRS in surface ECG should be checked and the significance of fQRS in a single derivation are still an area open to discussion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We believe that instead of the traditionally defined at least two derivations concept, the presence of fQRS in a single derivation is also important and that it will be more meaningful to look at the fQRS developing within 48 hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further meta-analyses and perhaps a guide on fQRS are necessary in order for the shortcomings in this area to be eliminated and for a consensus to be reached."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3764__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3764__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We would like to thank authors for their interest and positive contributions to our current article [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with the authors that, even though in three studies investigating admission electrocardiograms (ECGs) also showed increased rates of adverse events in patients with fragmented QRS (fQRS), our meta-analysis mainly implicates the clinical use of ECGs recorded within the 48 hours of hospitalization [2][3][4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3764__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prognostic importance of fQRS and its correlation with myocardial scar formation and long-term adverse events have been investigated in patients with coronary artery disease and heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we have shown in our meta-analysis, and also in previous studies, the presence of fQRS is associated with more severe form of coronary atherosclerosis and left ventricular systolic dysfunction [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As noted by Tanrıverdi et al., the total number of leads with fQRS is correlated with the risk of adverse events [6][7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "But in these studies, the prognostic value of presence of only one lead with fQRS was not reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For standardization of the meta-analysis method, we have included only studies which defined QRS fragmentation according to Das, Khan, Jacob, Kumar, and Mahenthiran [8] which necessitates presence of fQRS in at least two contiguous leads."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3764__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3764", "paragraph_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, from the published data it is not possible to investigate whether the presence of only one ECG lead with fQRS has prognostic value in this meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is well known that, acute myocardial infarction causes dynamic ECG changes compared to stable coronary artery disease patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Serial ECG recordings become an important issue for analyzing the timing of appearance and disappearance of QRS fragmentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In most of the studies, the timing of first ECG with fQRS and the disappearance of fQRS (if happened) were not reported in detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Only in five studies the rate of fQRS persistence beyond 48 hours was reported and the rate of fQRS persistence was widely different between the studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3764__response__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, further studies are needed to clarify the importance of the presence of fQRS in a single lead."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3764/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2311570492_W2426982541_W2508587863", "triad_name": "triad_3764", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3764__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that changes in subchondral bone and a crosstalk between subchondral bone and cartilage play an important role in the development of OA, 9 although the pathophysiology and changes in subchondral bone have not been fully elucidated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the early phase, increased osteoclast activity, elevated bone remodelling and hypomineralisation can be found, 7 9 while in later stages low bone turnover and densification of the bone ('bone sclerosis') can be observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Addi- tionally, bone marrow lesions (BML) can be detected on MRI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "5 9 Thus, theoretically, the use of antios- teoporotic drugs that can be regarded as antiresorptive drugs (BPs such as alen- dronate, risedronate, zoledronic acid, but also denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL)) might have effects on subchondral bone, particularly in the phase of elevated bone remodelling and hypomineralisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Indeed, for rise- dronate a reduction in the urinary excre- tion of crboxy-terminal telepeptides of type II collagen (CTX II), usually regarded as a marker of cartilage breakdown, was found, but not on symptoms and/or radio- logical progression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "10 For alendronate and strontium ranelate, a reduction in osteophytes and disc-space narrowing of the spine was found in a post-hoc anal- ysis of studies with patients with osteo- porosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "11 12 Additionally, in a small study with zoledronic acid, a reduction in BMLs was found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "13 With another antiosteopo- rotic drug, strontiumranelate, which is not a pure antiresorptive drug, a reduction in joint space width was demonstrated in a 3-year trial versus placebo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "14 There are remaining questions how a primary effect on subchondral bone might have subsequent effects on cartilage metab- olism, and on anatomical structural abnor- malities such as disc-space narrowing, osteophytes and BMLs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Nevertheless, all these data point in the direction that BPs might have an effect on OA (progression)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since denosumab is also an antiresorp- tive drug, it is plausible that it also might have favourable effects in OA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neogi et al used the The Health Improve- ment Network (THIN) database, in which data are collected by general practi- tioners in UK."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only patients with incident knee-OA were enrolled, and 2006 patients who initiated BPs at least 1 year after diag- nosis of knee-OA were compared with 2006 propensity-matched 'non-BP initia- tors'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After a mean follow-up of 3 years, the crude incidence of KR was 22.0 per 1000 person-years among the initiators, vs 29.1 among the non-initiators, with an HR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.93)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Obvi- ously, the key question is whether this is a direct effect of BPs on the osteoarthritic joint, or might confounding by indication play a role? For example, do BP users have a more healthy lifestyle, or higher vitamin D levels, or a higher socioeconomic status, or less frailty, and so on?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Without doubt, the authors tried to minimise the effect of confounding by indication, by performing a propen- sity score-matched cohort study, and by sensitivity analysis for those without data on BMI, smoking and/or alcohol, which all support the protective effect of BPs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even the potentially lower mortality risk for patients with BP use was calculated."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, although these all seem to be optimal and robust, it is not possible to completely rule out the risk of bias, because unknown bias cannot be detected and thus not calculated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Remarkably, this year Fu et al 15 published a more or less comparable, nationwide, study from Taiwan. They observed more than 12 000 BP users and 123 000 non-users, all with knee-OA, and they found a 24% reduction in the percentage of patients for KR (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.83), which is remarkably in line with the THIN data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study from Taiwan is larger, which is reflected in the smaller CI. But the authors found also a dose- effect relation: in those individuals who used BPs for more than 2 years and with a medication possession ratio >80%, the risk reduction for a KR was even larger: HR 0.66 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.95)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More- over, the authors observed over a 5-year follow-up period a significantly greater reduction in the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen and glucosamine in the BP users versus the non-users (P<0.001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "what are the consequences? editorial with each other, which is very important because these data validate each other."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since both studies suggest that BPs reduce the percentage of patients with knee-OA who need a KR with around 25%, this might indicate that patients with knee- OA who also have osteoporosis and an elevated fracture risk should prefer- ably be treated with a BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is too early to conclude that BPs should also be prescribed in patients with knee-OA without osteoporosis, since prospective data on randomised studies in patients with knee-OA in which reduction in patients with KRs who are BP users versus placebo are lacking."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is important to realise that both studies have the same case-control design, so it cannot completely be ruled out that they may have both the same structural limitation of confounding by indication in its design."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, the larger reduc- tion in KRs in patients with greater expo- sure to BPs is a strong argument in favour of a drug-induced effect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What would be the next step? Given the paucity of therapeutic options in OA, these data strongly suggest that BPs have a favourable effect on the natural course of OA, which might have important conse- quences for our patients and for societies, since reduction or postponing of KRs might have large financial consequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In my opinion, the data should preferably be confirmed in a randomised controlled trial in which elderly patients with inci- dent knee-OA should be randomised to a BP (or another antiresorptive drug, such as denosumab) versus placebo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because of the placebo arm, patients with high frac- ture risk resulting from generalised oste- oporosis should be excluded, for ethical reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As a consequence, it could be that patients with osteoporotic subchon- dral bone will be excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, a large sample size and long study duration will be necessary, unless we are able to select patients with OA with osteochon- dral bone that is vulnerable to the posi- tive effects of BPs, thus with a high bone turnover and some hypomineralisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Unfortunately, reliable, quantitative and validated measurements are even with new techniques as dual x ray absorptiom- etry (DXA), CT scan and/or MRI not yet possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To summarise, two comparable and high-quality studies have documented and suggested that BP use is associated with a 25% reduction in KRs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since KR is a clin- ically relevant and hard endpoint, these studies hopefully might stimulate further research in the role of subchondral bone in OA, which is still urgently needed given the paucity of therapeutic options in OA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None declared."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "provenance and peer review Commissioned; externally peer reviewed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All rights reserved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_372__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I read with interest your article regarding the potential of bisphosphonates for osteoarthritis (OA) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since OA affects the entire joint, it is unsurprising that there has been great difficulty developing an effective targeted treatment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA has been estimated to be as high as 44.7% [3], and therefore, we are in urgent need of finding a disease-modifying OA drug."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_372__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals have been found in 100% of OA knee and hip cartilages removed at joint replacement and therefore might represent a potential therapeutic target in OA [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "BCP crystals include various calcium phosphates, including partially carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, octacalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate and magnesium whitlockite [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "BCP crystals have multiple biologic effects in vitro."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They have the ability to stimulate prostaglandins, cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase synthesis in various cells including macrophages, synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "BCP crystals also contribute to inflammation in OA via the innate immune system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_372__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bisphosphonates are well-known analogues of endogenous pyrophosphate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They have a strong affinity for bone mineral and therefore tightly bind to hydroxyapatite crystals [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may be the reason behind the potential therapeutic effect of bisphosphonates in knee OA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_372__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With OA being the most prevalent rheumatic disease, affecting millions of patients worldwide, it is essential we urgently find a treatment for this much neglected disease."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is ample evidence that BCP crystals are a pathogenic mediator of OA and bisphosphonates as a potential OA treatment should be explored further."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_372__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__response__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I read with great interest the letter from Murphy and McCarthy [1]: ‘knee osteoarthritis and bisphosphonates: could BCP crystals be the missing link?’ [ 1]. I recently gave comments on two case-control studies [2], in which the need for a total knee prosthesis was around 25% lower in bisphosphonate (BP) users than in controls [3][4]. What could be the explanation? It could be related to epidemiology: BP-users have a healthier lifestyle than non-users, by doing more exercise therapy, preventing overweight and so on."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The other option is a biological effect, for example, an effect of BPs on the underlying subchondral bone in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_372__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Murphy and McCarthy bring in that BPs have a strong affinity for basic crystal phosphates (BCPs) and that this might inhibit inflammatory reactions in the synovial fluid [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They argued that BCPs have been found in the cartilage of 100% of patients with OA at the time of joint replacement and that BCPs might contribute to inflammation in OA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although this is certainly a valuable suggestion, the incidence of clinically manifest knee-osteoarthritis based on BCP-crystals is low in patients with OA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_372__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "372", "paragraph_id": "triad_372__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since knee-OA is a whole joint disease, cartilage, bone, synovial inflammation and muscular weakness all play a role [6], it is very likely that other factors are among the mean determinants of inflammation and pain in patients with knee-OA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "So, BCP-crystals are probably not ‘the’ missing link, but might be a ‘missing link’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_372__response__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, since the pathogenesis of OA is not fully elucidated and therapeutic options are scarce, further research in the direction of BCPs and BPs in patients with knee-OA is very welcome."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_372/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2772680215_W2897797783_W2899260597", "triad_name": "triad_372", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_372__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The genus Wetzeliella and related forms constitute an important group of Paleogene dinoflagellate cysts that have proven to be important biostratigraphic and paleoecological markers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, debate and confu- sion over their taxonomy and classification have ham- pered their full utility in these applications, a situation that we aim to address herein."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When Alfred Eisenack (1938) erected Wetzeliella, he did not provide a detailed description for the genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He remedied this situation in 1954 by specifying the presence of horns, spines (which, in current dinoflagel- late-cyst terminology, we would refer to as processes) and a capsule (or endocyst) as diagnostic features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Once the morphology of Wetzeliella was clearly eluci- dated, the number of species assigned to the genus rapidly increased, as did the number of allied genera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Those genera currently considered to be related to Wetzeliella are Apectodinium, Axiodinium, Charlesdow- niea, Dracodinium, Kisselevia, Rhombodinium, Talla- dinium and Wilsonidium."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first suprageneric treatment of Wetzeliella and its allies was by Vozzhennikova (1965), who erected the family Wetzeliellaceae and included in it Dracodi- nium, Palaeohystrichophora, Rhombodinium and Wet- zeliella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Bujak & Davies (1983) proposed the subfamily Wetzelielloideae, within the family Deflandreaceae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the subfamily, Bujak & Davies included Apectodinium, Dracodinium, Gochtodinium, Kisselevia, Rhombo- dinium, Wetzeliella and Wilsonidium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In their diagnosis of the subfamily Wetzelielloideae, Bujak & Davies (1983, p. 135) stated that 'a quadra second intercalary Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 plate. ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": ".forms the I (2a) archeopyle'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In an extensive revision of dinoflagellates in general, Fensome et al. ( 1993, p. 137) placed the subfamily Wetzelielloideae in the family Peridiniaceae, providing the following diag- nosis: 'Peridiniaceans in which the mid-dorsal anterior intercalary plate is quadra (i.e. four-sided)'."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, as currently recognised, the subfamily Wetzelielloideae is characterised by a quadra 2a plate that touches the third apical plate (3') anteriorly, the first (1a) and third (3a) anterior intercalary plates laterally and the consistently six-sided fourth precingular plate (4\") posteriorly (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other fossil subfamilies of the Peridiniaceae, such as the Deflandreoideae, are characterised by a six- sided (hexa) 2a plate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Determining which features to use in diagnosing genera within the Wetzelielloideae has been a conten- tious issue, the result being that generic definitions have become blurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our view, this is in large part because of overemphasis on horn development and wall structure at both generic and specific levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This situation has in turn led to the decreased utility of wet- zelielloidean taxa as biostratigraphic markers: for example, based on current literature records, Wetzel- iella articulata now spans most of the Eocene and Differentiation of wetzelielloidean archeopyle types is not a new concept: several others, including Bujak (1979), Costa & Downie (1979) and Michoux (1988), have recognised differences in the quadra 2a archeo- pyle."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, no one has yet tried to define all genera in the subfamily using the archeopyle as the main crite- rion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Bujak (1979) erected the genus Gochtodinium to accommodate taxa with a distinctive soleiform archeo- pyle (see History of study) and proposed the restriction of Rhombodinium to forms with a soleiform archeopyle and lack of processes, but did not define any other wet- zelielloidean genera according to their archeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper, we undertake a major review of all wetzelielloidean taxa and propose several new taxa."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our proposed hierarchy of morphologic features for distinguishing genera gives priority to archeopyle type, especially the periarcheopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Within groups united by having a distinctive archeopyle type, we use pericystal ornamentation as a secondary criterion in separating genera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The only deviation from these general princi- ples is in the case of Apectodinium and Axiodinium; both genera have a similar style of archeopyle and peri- cystal ornament, but can be differentiated on the basis of pericoel development and wall thickness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although wetzelielloideans are an extinct cyst- based group to which 'para' terminology might be applied, we consider that their paratabulation is a direct reflection of the tabulation, and hence, for sim- plicity, we use thecal terminology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In his paper erecting the genus Wetzeliella, Eisenack (1938) illustrated two specimens, one of Wetzeliella articulata and the other of Wetzeliella clathrata."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He provided only minimal information on the morphology of the genus and the two species, noting that 'The bris- tled integument and strengthened, almost limb-like protrusions of the body are characteristics of the spe- cies [Wetzeliella articulata]' (Eisenack 1938, p. 187, translation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Eisenack (1954) designated Wetzeliella articulata as the type of Wetzeliella and indicated that diagnostic features of the genus include the presence of horns (typically one apical, two lateral, two antapical), orna- mentation in the form of 'bristles or spines' (i.e. pro- cesses) and a 'capsule' (i.e. endocyst)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In his description of Wetzeliella articulata, Eisenack (1954) recognised the occasional presence of a 'slip hole' (i.e. archeopyle)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In one specimen, he noted that the operculum remained attached along the upper (anterior) margin of the archeopyle and was folded back."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Eisenack also stated that the archeopyle (in the pericyst) had a quad- ratic outline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In other, more elongate specimens, arche- opyles were relatively common."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "He stated:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I have studied over 100 specimens [of Wetzeliella artic- ulata], of which very few show an opening, as illus- trated in [Eisenack 1954] pl. 7, fig. 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a second specimen, the cover is still connected to the upper part of the opening, as a membranous fragment and is folded upward. . . ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "[ T]he cover separates from the shell along a circular seam (sometimes this seam is quadran- gular with rounded corners), but remains connected along its upper margin, i.e. closely below the apex and flaps upward in similar fashion to a tongue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "[ Eisenack 1954, p. 57, in translation]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In today's terminology, Eisenack was describing a clas- sic soleiform archeopyle as described by Bujak (1979, p. 309)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The attached and soleiform nature of the oper- culum was confirmed by one of us (RAF in 1993) in a re-examination of the holotype of Wetzeliella articulata."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Gocht (1955) used a lack of processes and horn development to distinguish Rhombodinium and Draco- dinium, respectively, from Wetzeliella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Williams & Downie (1966, p. 195), by transferring the type of Dra- codinium to Wetzeliella, subsequently synonymised Dracodinium with Wetzeliella, citing a continuum of horn development among specimens observed in the London Clay."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Gocht (1969) presented a superbly illus- trated review of the species then assigned to Wetzel- iella, and preferred to redesignate Rhombodinium as a subgenus of Wetzeliella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "He attempted to distinguish taxa on the presence or absence of horns and processes but admitted to having only limited success, invariably finding intermediate forms later."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The name Kisselovia was proposed by Vozzhenni- kova (1963) for forms that she described in part as fol- lows: 'Test smooth or has reticulate pattern with spinules in nodal positions, or without them' (transla- tion modified from Stover & Evitt 1978, p. 110)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The generic name Kisselovia, however, was not validly pub- lished in 1963 due to lack of a validly published species name."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Vozzhennikova (1967, p. 103) validated the name, as Kisselevia, by providing a description for the type."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There has been confusion about the correct spell- ing of this generic name, compounded by the addi- tional spelling Kisseljovia, used by Vozzhennikova (1961, p. 1462) À see Fensome & Williams 2004, p. 380À381."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the present paper, for consistency, we cite the correct name, Kisselevia, except in direct quotes and synonymy lists."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lentin & Williams (1976) emended Wetzeliella and Kisselevia, and proposed a new genus, Wilsonidium, for forms with predominantly sutural ornamentation on the pericyst."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to these authors, Kisselevia is distinguished from Wetzeliella by its possession of dis- tally interconnected processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lentin & Williams included in Kisselevia not only those species with cylin- drical trabecula (e.g. Kisselevia tenuivirgula), but also those with a membranous ectophragm (e.g. Kisselevia coleothrypta)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Costa & Downie (1976) reviewed the stratigraphic distribution of Wetzeliella, developed a zonation based on these fossils for northwestern Europe and proposed Wetzeliella subgenus Apectodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The sub- genus Apectodinium was raised to the generic rank by Lentin & Williams (1977)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first comprehensive review of organic-walled fossil dinoflagellate genera, including wetzelielloideans, was by Stover & Evitt (1978)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors accepted Dracodinium as a junior synonym of Wetzeliella, and included in the group Rhombodinium, Kisselevia and Wilsonidium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the following year, Bujak (1979) erected the genus Gochtodinium and emended Rhombodinium, both on the basis of the recognition of the soleiform archeopyle type (see Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although mistakenly describing the wetzelielloid- ean archeopyle as hexagonal, Costa & Downie (1979) made a significant contribution by recognising four archeopyle types."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These were the Apectodinium, Wetzel- iella meckelfeldensis, Wetzeliella articulata and Draco- dinium types (see Archeopyle variability)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, they did not propose generic emendations based on their concepts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They also undertook an extensive mor- phometric analysis of wetzelielloidean taxa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Measure- ments included: pericyst length and breadth, endocyst length and breadth, lengths of apical, cingular and antapical horns, length and breadth of periarcheopyle, length from apex to anterior margin of periarcheopyle and length from tip of apical horn to cingulum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although lengths and widths of pericysts and endo- cysts were surprisingly consistent, wide variations in horn length were observed within a single species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Costa & Downie concluded that a few morphometric traits could be used to characterise taxa, such as the smaller size of Apectodinium and the greater width to length ratio in Dracodinium. But they admitted that 'the separation of a number of species was based on the arbitrary division of a continuum' (Costa & Downie 1979, p. 35)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a phylogenetically oriented review of fossil peri- dinioids, Bujak & Davies (1983) emended the diagnosis for the subfamily to include reference to the quadra second anterior intercalary plate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Evitt (1985, p. 195À198) included the Wetzeliella and Apectodinium complexes in his 'Pq-cysts' (essen- tially wetzelielloideans)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He noted that most Pq-cysts are over 100 mm long, with a peridinioid outline and cingular horns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Process development is variable, with common ectophragmal development."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The endocyst, except in Apectodinium, is usually distinct."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Archeopyle formation is exclusively through loss of the 2a plate, which may remain attached anteriorly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Evitt also noted that where ventral tabulation is discernible, it is of a 'para' type, with 1' contacting 2'' and 6''."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "He consid- ered important features for identifying taxa in this group to be outline, number and prominence of horns, cavation, shape of endocyst, process type, presence of ectophragm, tabulation (as paratabulation), difference between peri- and endoarcheopyles and, whether the operculum is adnate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Michoux (1988) expanded on the ideas of Costa & Downie (1979) by recognising seven distinctive archeopyle types (see Archeopyle variability)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0016__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "How- ever, although his was an outstanding study in which six new species were recognised, Michoux proposed neither new genera nor emendations of generic diagno- ses or descriptions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In re-examining the type of Kisselevia, Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989) restricted that genus to forms that they interpreted as having a reticulate periphragm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, they proposed a new genus, Charlesdowniea, for those species with trabecula supported by processes arising from the periphragm as well as those with a membranous ectophragm (such as the type, Charles- downiea coleothrypta)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989, p. 216) stated that: Lentin & Williams (1976) emended the genus Kisselovia to include species from the genus Wetzeliella in which the processes are intratabular and connected distally by trabeculae or solid pieces of ectophragm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This emendation was based on an erroneous interpretation of the morphology of the holotype, complemented by the morphology of the species they chose to include in the genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unfortunately, Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989) were unable to re-illustrate the holotype of the type, which is lost, but they did propose a lectotype for Kisselevia ornata."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since 1989, further progress has been made in our understanding of the wetzelielloideans, largely driven by the realisation that these taxa are ideal index fossils if the main critera for distinguishing genera were primarily the archeopyle and secondarily the nature of the ornament."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present authors demon- strated this in Fensome et al. ( 2009), when they erected the genera Axiodinium and Talladinium and emended the diagnoses of Apectodinium, Rhombodi- nium and Wetzeliella."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The focus on using the archeopyle as the primary basis for generic differentiation further led us (in Fensome et al. 2009) to restrict Wetzeliella to forms with a soleiform archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, many of the spe- cies formerly included in that genus were transferred to Axiodinium."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Applying a similar reasoning to Charlesdowniea, Fensome et al. ( 2009) restricted that genus to forms with an equiepeliform archeopyle, transferring those species with a soleiform archeopyle to the new genus Talladinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "But these authors did not emend the generic diagnosis for Charlesdowniea. Like Charlesdowniea (as emended here), Talladinium has intratabular processes connected distally by membranes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper, we expand on the concepts that we presented in Fensome et al. ( 2009) by proposing to dif- ferentiate all the wetzelielloidean genera, apart from Apectodinium and Axiodinium, primarily on archeopyle type and secondarily on ornamentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( Apectodinium and Axiodinium both have an equiepeliform archeopyle and distally free processes; however, they are distin- guished by wall structure.) We believe that by adopting such an approach, we are developing a more natural classification based on evolutionary variations in the shape of the 2a plate and on how this influences other aspects of the morphology, such as horn length. And, by following this approach, we are also enhancing the stratigraphic utility of wetzelielloideans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wetzeliella and its allies exhibit a distinctive variant of the standard peridinioid tabulation that clearly places it within the family Peridiniaceae (Fensome et al. 1993)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Members of the subfamily Wetzelielloideae are distin- guished by a unique combination of a bipesioid anterior dorsal tabulation and a four-sided ('quadra') 2a plate (Fensome et al. 1993; Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The term 'quadra' was first applied to the tabulation pattern of wetzelielloid dinoflagellates by Lentin & Williams (1976)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The signifi- cance of the quadra archeopyle as a distinguishing char- acteristic of this group was also noted by Evitt (1978), who emphasised the need for careful interpretation of the archeopyle, given its relationship to tabulation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Evitt so elegantly noted, to state that the 2a plate is hexa or quadra does not necessarily specify the precise shape of the archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Often, the only way to demon- strate whether the 2a is hexa or quadra is to compare the widths of the archeopyle with the width of the fourth precingular plate (4 00 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If 4 00 is demonstrably wider, 2a is quadra."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Where 4 00 is demonstrably nar- rower, 2a is hexa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Perhaps there is some merit in follow- ing Evitt (1978), who proposed the descriptive phrases 'archeopyle formed by paraplate 2a in a hexa style para- tabulation' (for hexa 2a archeopyle), or 'archeopyle intercalary in cyst with quadra style paratabulation' (for archeopyle quadra intercalary), but it makes for a cum- bersome description."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main features used to distinguish genera and species among the Wetzelielloideae have been surface ornamentation, wall relationships and structure, over- all shape (including related horn and pericoel develop- ment) and process morphology and distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With few exceptions, the detailed morphology of the archeo- pyle has not been used to distinguish genera or species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the exceptions deserve comment here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the description of one of his new species, Wetzeliella luna- ris, Gocht (1969) noted and illustrated the difference in size between the endo- and periarcheopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whereas the cingular margins of the two archeopyles coincided, there was a marked difference anteriorly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The rounding of the anterior margin of the endoarcheopyle was char- acteristic in Wetzeliella lunaris and some other species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Surprisingly, the two opercula detach as one and remain attached to each other."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Significantly, Gocht (1969) separated Wetzeliella lunaris and Wetzeliella articulata in part on their arche- opyle shape."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This was the first time that variations in archeopyle type had been proposed as a means of sepa- rating species of Wetzeliella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Gocht's insight was fur- ther demonstrated in his description of Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on archeopyle type, he allied Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis with Wetzeliella lunaris but G. Williams et al. Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 distinguished the former from Wetzeliella symmetrica, which had a smaller archeopyle, with the periarcheo- pyle being approximately the same size as the endoarcheopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gocht (1969) also noted that archeo- pyle openings are uncommon in Wetzeliella symmetr- ica."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We consider that this reflects a soleiform archeopyle, with the opercula often falling back in place, like a flap."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bujak (1979) was first to name a distinctive quadra 2a archeopyle type: the soleiform archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the soleiform type, the peri- and endoperculum remain attached along the anterior margin, usually have a dis- tinctive tongue-like outline and tend to be of the same size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is remarkable that the anterior attachment of the operculum was first noted by Eisenack (1954), yet its significance was overlooked for 25 years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another milestone paper on wetzelielloidean arche- opyle variation was that by Costa & Downie (1979)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors recognised four archeopyle types: the Apectodinium type, in which the peri- and endopercu- lum are attached to each other; the Wetzeliella meckel- feldensis type, in which the periarcheopyle is longer than the endoarcheopyle; the Wetzeliella articulata type, in which the periarcheopyle and endoarcheopyle are of equal length; and the Dracodinium type, in which the periarcheopyle is longer and narrower than the endoarcheopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The idea that the archeopyle may be of fundamen- tal importance to the classification of the wetzelielloid- eans was discussed by Goodman (1983) and Michoux (1988)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Goodman (1983) recognised three basic 2a archeopyle types in the wetzelielloideans: the subcircu- lar, the quadrate and the soleiform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The subcircular type is another term for the Apectodinium type of Costa & Downie (1979)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Goodman (1983) subdivided the quadrate type into the quadrangular, the broad quadrangular and the trapezoidal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Separation of these three types is based on the variations in the height/ width ratio of the archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Michoux (1988) consid- ered the quadrangular to be equivalent to the Wetzel- iella articulata type of Costa & Downie (1979), the broad quadrangular to be equivalent to the Draco- dinium archeopyle type of Costa & Downie (1979), and the trapezoidal to be equivalent to the Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis type of Costa & Downie (1979)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Good- man (1983) retained Bujak's (1979) concept for the sol- eiform archeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In part, Michoux (1988) followed the classification of Costa & Downie (1979)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He retained the Apecto- dinium, Wetzeliella articulata and Wetzeliella meckel- feldensis archeopyle types, changed the name of the Dracodinium type to the Wetzeliella solida type (since he included that species in Wetzeliella), and added the rectangular, soleiform and uncinata types."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Michoux, the Apectodinium type has a subcircular to ovoidal outline with the endo- and perioperculum being of similar size and shape, and free."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Wetzel- iella articulata type, the endo- and periarcheopyle are of similar size and shape and both opercula are free: the outline is quadrangular with rounded corners, and narrows anteriorly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis, the periarcheopyle and endoarcheopyle are the same width, but the periarcheopyle extends further anteri- orly and narrows considerably."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although Michoux renamed the Dracodinium type as the Wetzeliella solida type, he did not change the concept."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This archeopyle type has a laterally elongate endo- and periarcheopyle, with the former sometimes wider than the latter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The broad lateral dimension of the archeopyle tends be present in forms with a relatively short and indistinct apical horn, a co-occurrence that is probably not coin- cidental."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both the peri- and endooperculum are free."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The three remaining archeopyle types defined in Michoux (1988) are the soleiform type, the rectangular type and the Wetzeliella uncinata type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The soleiform type is as defined by Bujak (1979) and hinges (pun intended!) on the anterior attachment of the peri- and endoperculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although not mentioned by Michoux, this type is characteristic of the holotype of Wetzeliella articulata."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By naming another archeopyle type the Wetzeliella articulata type, Michoux inadvertently cre- ated some ambiguity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, his reasoning was understandable in the sense that, when one reviews the literature, many of the forms included in Wetzeliella articulata do have a tapered rectangular 2a with a detached operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Uncertainty arises because the type of Wetzeliella articulata does not have this morphology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Michoux's rectangular archeopyle type, as in Wil- sonidium (now Castellodinium) compactum, is charac- terised by 'subparallel opposite sides and rounded corners' (Michoux 1988, p. 21)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although Michoux noted that in this type, the archeopyle suture runs all the way around the periphery of the 2a plate, he found that in most specimens, the opercula remained adher- ent."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this paper, we consider the archeopyle of Wilso- nidium (now Castellodinium) compactum an early example of the soleiform archeopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the most distinctive 2a archeopyle types is encompassed by Michoux's Wetzeliella uncinata type (Plate 4, figures 15À20)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this variant, the periarcheo- pyle tapers anteriorly and is elongate, the opening in part being in the apical pericoel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the periarcheo- pyle in this case is considerably longer than the endoarcheopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One notable feature is that the peri- operculum is adnate along its anterior margin, but the endoperculum is free."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although one of the pioneers in understanding the complexity and variability of the quadra 2a plate and the archeopyle that forms from it, Michoux considered Palynology Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 archeopyle variation to be an intrageneric feature."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on observations of thousands of specimens over a number of years, we have concluded that the archeo- pyle is of fundamental importance to understanding the phylogeny and to refining the stratigraphic distri- bution of the wetzelielloideans, and hence should form the basis of the taxonomy of the group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That this has not been the case in the past has led to the extending of ranges of many species to the point where they are not useful stratigraphically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An example is Wetzeliella articulata."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This name has been applied to all forms with five horns (one apical, two lateral and two antapi- cal, usually of unequal length) and nontabular distribu- tion of processes that are distally free, regardless of archeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Restriction of Wetzeliella articulata to forms with a soleiform archeopyle, as in the holotype, has the potential to constrain its range and thus make it far more useful stratigraphically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The stratigraphic significance of an attached quadra 2a has been supported by the observations of other authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989, p. 220) noted: 'There has been a great deal of discussion among palynologists regarding the relative significance of the soleiform archeopyle. . . ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, our experience suggests that the attachment of the 2a paraplate along its anterior margin is stratigraphically controlled À even within the same species'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These authors reported an increasing percentage of soleiform archeopyles from the Early to Late Eocene, citing Rhombodinium longimanum as an example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It would be helpful to know the Early Eocene records to which Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989) referred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From our data, the oldest Eocene record of a taxon with a solei- form archeopyle is Wilsonidium compactum, which was recorded by Michoux (1988) from the early Lutetian nannoplankton zone NP 16."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although acknowledging an increase in occurrence of the soleiform archeopyle in the late Eocene and early Oligocene, Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989, p. 220) stated that they considered 'the presence or absence of a soleiform archeopyle to be an intraspecific variation, and do not accept its presence or absence as a basis for the separation of genera'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They thus considered Goch- todinium to be a junior synonym of Wetzeliella."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It turns out that, in our view, Lentin & Vozzhennikova were correct in their synonymy but for the wrong reason."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, at that time, the nature of the archeopyle in the holotype of Wetzeliella articulata was not acknowl- edged to be soleiform."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The classification of wetzelielloideans is confused by the array of variable features and the lack of a con- sistently applied hierarchy among those features on which to base a phylogenetic framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This situa- tion led Goodman (1983, 1985) to advance ideas on character discordance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He noted (1985, unnumbered page) that the 'solution to date in dealing with this variation has been fundamentally to propose a new genus for each new combination of characters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The result has been an overclassification of the complex at the generic level. . .'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At the time, Goodman wrote that there were approximately 70 species in the 'Wetzeliella complex' (i.e. what we would now call the Wetzeliel- loideae), distributed among seven genera."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our view, restricting the number of genera in a family or sub- family is valid only if the generic differentiations are unworkable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. Proposed parameters for classification Fensome et al. ( 1993, p. vii) stated that 'below the rank of class, amphiesmal structure, especially tabulation, is the most valuable and meaningful criterion in classify- ing dinoflagellates. . .'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A major drawback in applying this principle to the wetzelielloideans is that the tabula- tion is so consistently quadra bipesioid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, var- iations occur in the nature of the archeopyle in both the pericyst and the endocyst."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since these variations reflect differences in shape and relative dimensions of the 2a plate, and based on our studies of these dinofla- gellate cysts, we feel that this aspect of tabulation can be used effectively and meaningfully to subdivide the subfamily Wetzelielloideae into genera."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We consider that other approaches to classification of the wetzeliel- loideans, emphasising other morphological features at generic rank, have proven impractical and should no longer be used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper we recognise several archeopyle types and use these as diagnostic criteria for genera within the Wetzelielloideae (Figures 2 and 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We define these archeopyle types on the basis of overall shape and attachment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Archeopyles with opercula that are attached at the anterior margin are termed 'soleiform', following Bujak (1979), or 'hypersoleiform'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These two terms are defined as follows: We use the term 'epeliform' to denote an archeopyle with a detached operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We also apply epeliform as a suffix for more specific types defined on the basis of shape and relative proportions of the archeopyle margins, as follows: To use the archeopyle type alone in defining genera within the subfamily Wetzelielloideae would lead to some large genera that are diverse in ways other than archeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, we use the nature and distri- bution of ornamentation (primarily process develop- ment) and wall relationships (e.g. development of ectophragm) to distinguish genera with the same archeo- pyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example, we have subdivided forms with a soleiform archeopyle on the basis of the following: Two variables in wetzelielloidians that are often over- looked because they are difficult to quantify are the development of the ambital pericoel and the thickness of the endophragm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Through the Eocene, there is a general trend for the ambital pericoel to be reduced and the endophragm to become thinner; for example, compare species of Dracodinium with species of Wetzel- iella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The width of the ambital pericoel has a direct relationship to the categorisation of the archeopyle in some genera, particularly those with latiepeliform archeopyles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "One such genus is Dracodinium, in which the periarcheopyle often markedly extends into the api- cal pericoel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Another is Petalodinium, in which the spe- cies Petalodinium sheppeyense commonly has an archeopyle that opens primarily into the apical peri- coel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0041__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "We have not used the above criteria in generic dif- ferentiations, but such variations can provide clues to the age of species and assemblages."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A notable exception to the age-related variability in the features mentioned in the previous paragraph is the genus Apectodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although Apectodinium first appears in the Selandian and does not occur in any great abundance above the Ypresian, it consistently has a thin endophragm and a pericyst and endocyst that are appressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This distinctive feature is what dis- tinguishes the genus from Axiodinium, which is charac- terised by an ambital pericoel and usually, but not always, a thicker endophragm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We use horn development for species differentia- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, determining which antapical horn is the longer can be difficult; indeed, Iakovleva & Heilmann- Clausen (2007) recently noted that in the species Epeli- dinium (as Wilsonidium) pechoricum, the right antapical horn is longer than the left."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This situation can be seen also in scanning electron micrographs of specimens illustrated herein (Plate 5, figures 1 and 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Variation in pericyst ornamentation is also a critical factor when speciating."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, in our view, the relative length and development of horns and pericyst ornamention are secondary to archeopyle type for generic separation in wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, forms with a membranous or reticulate ectophragm that have been included within a single species or genus may now be separated from one another at the generic level on the basis of their archeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This approach makes the classification of the group more logical and increases its value in stratigraphic determinations, which is one of the pri- mary considerations when erecting species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the systematics section that follows, genera are pre- sented in alphabetical order."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast and to facili- tate comparison, the plates are arranged so that all forms with the same archeopyle type are generally together."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The diagnoses are intended to outline as briefly as possible the morphological features that dis- tinguish each genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The descriptions provide a detailed account of the degree of variability in all mor- phological features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The asterisk indicates the species containing the type of the genus ('type species')."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In Appendices 1À3, we provide lists of taxa and affilia- tions relating the names used herein with those cited in Fensome & Williams (2004)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The plates include many images from the extensive slide collection of the senior author (GLW), and include his own photographs and those gleaned from G. Williams et al. Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 many colleagues over the decades, most notably Lew Stover."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, details such as size and prove- nance have been lost for many of these specimens; but we have decided to use the images anyway because col- lectively they provide an excellent insight into the mor- phology of wetzelielloids, especially the archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To give a more specific idea of the sizes of taxa, we include some information available from the literature (from protologues of the appropriate species unless otherwise specified) as a final paragraph in the Discussion of each genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For overall dimensions in generic descrip- tions, we follow Stover & Evitt (1978, p. 5) in using the terms 'small' (less than 50 mm), 'intermediate' (50À100 mm) and 'large' (greater than 100 mm) A 'thin' wall is interpreted as being about 1 mm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that in the plates the designation 'sp.' does not indicate that we recognise a specific informal taxon, but that we can assign the specimen illustrated only to generic rank."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the labelling of multiple specimens within a genus as 'sp.' implies neither that they are con- specific nor that they are mutually separate forms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The generic names Axiodinium and Talladinium were introduced by the present authors in Fensome et al. ( 2009) and so, technically, their authorship should be cited as \"Williams, Damassa, Fensome & Guerstein in Fensome et al 2009.\" However, for brevity, we cite the authorship as \"Williams et al. in Fensome et al. 2009.\" Similar considerations apply also to some other taxo- nomic citations throughout the systematic section."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wilsonidium may be distinguished from other genera having hyperepeliform archeopyles as fol- lows: Rhadinodinium has a pericyst that is smooth or ornamented only with features of low relief."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sageno- dinium has trabeculate processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Stenodinium has pro- cesses that are distally free."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other genera with penitabular to sutural ornamentation are Castellodinium, Dolichodi- nium, Stichodinium and Vallodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Castellodinium has a soleiform archeopyle, Dolichodinium has a hypersolei- form archeopyle, Stichodinium has a latiepeliform archeo- pyle and Vallodinium has an equiepeliform archeopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The holotype of Wilsonidium tabulatum has a peri- cyst length of 149 mm, a pericyst width of 138 mm, and endocyst 83 by 85 mm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The holotype of Wilsonidium ornatum has a pericyst length of 156 mm, a pericyst width of 151 mm, an endocyst length of 99 mm and an endocyst width of 102 mm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fensome & Williams (2004) retained this species in Wilsonidium."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the morphology appears to conform with Spinidinium rather than any wetzelielloidean genus; hence, we retain the species as Spinidinium rugosum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The genus typically occurs in the Middle Eocene (Lutetian), but probably extends into the Late Eocene or even the Early Oligocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Early Eocene (Ypresian)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Early Eocene (Ypresian) to Middle Eocene (? early Lutetian)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Talladinium? angulosum (Châteauneuf & Gruas-Cav- agnetto 1978) comb."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "nov., stat."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "nov."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Numerous studies have acknowledged the importance of wetzelielloidean taxa in delineating ages within the late Paleocene to Oligocene (Figures 4aÀb), although ranges must be treated with caution as species were commonly not constrained by the archeopyle morphol- ogy of their holotypes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a pioneering study, Wilson G. Williams et al. Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 (1967) recognised the usefulness of Wetzeliella in refin- ing stratigraphic control in the PaleoceneÀEocene strata of New Zealand."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the eleven species he recorded, seven were restricted to individual New Zea- land regional stages and three occurred in two stages."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the species that Wilson identified was Wetze- liella (now Charlesdowniea) coleothrypta."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The only spe- cies that did not appear to be useful stratigraphically was Wetzeliella articulata."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Caro (1973) was first to propose a zonation based primarily on Wetzeliella."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a study of Paleo- ceneÀlower Eocene strata of the Spanish Pyrenees, Caro named five zones, which are shown in Figure 4a."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Caro, the zones were total range zones, with the nominative species being restricted to its zone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A comparison of the data of Wilson (1967) and Caro (1973) prompts interesting questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Why, for example, is the total range of Wetzeliella articulata restricted to the earliest middle Ilerdian (a regional early Eocene stage) in Caro's scheme, whereas according to Wilson the species has no stratigraphic value?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A plausible explanation, if one uses the archeopyle type for the initial separation, is that specimens identified as Wetzeliella articulata by many authors represent several species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Another possibility is that ranges of many species in the Northern and Southern hemispheres are different, rendering it difficult to compare zonations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A second question is whether the specimens identi- fied as Wetzeliella coleothrypta by the two authors repre- sent the same species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The specimen illustrated in Wilson (1967, figs. 12À14) appears assignable to Charlesdowniea columna, whereas the specimen that Caro illustrated (1973, his pl. 5, fig. 8) agrees with our concept of Charles- downiea coleothrypta."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "But Caro also illustrated a speci- men that he assigned to Wetzeliella clathrata (his pl. 5, fig. 7), which appears, like Wilson's specimen, to be assignable to Charlesdowniea columna (now Piladinium)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Jan du Chêne et al. ( 1975) identified five dinoflagel- late-cyst associations in the ThanetianÀLutetian of Haute-Savoie, France, three of which were named after wetzelielloidean species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One diagnostic wetzelielloi- dean dinoflagellate cyst found only in the youngest À the Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum association À is Wetzeliella (now Rhombodinium) perforata."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A comprehensive zonation based on peridinioid taxa, mainly species of Wetzeliella, is that of Costa & Downie (1976)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors proposed a zonation for the PaleoceneÀOligocene strata of northwestern Europe, which was applicable in southern England, Belgium, northern Germany and the Paris Basin and keyed to the nannofossil zonation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Eight of the nine zones in the scheme proposed by Costa & Downie (1976, text-fig."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "5) were named for wetzelielloidean spe- cies (Figure 4a)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Châteauneuf & Gruas Cavagnetto (1978; Figure 4a) proposed a fourteenfold zonation extending from the late Thanetian to the Rupelian in the Paris Basin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All fourteen zones were named for wetzelielloid- ean taxa, many of which had been noted as having stratigraphically restricted ranges by Costa & Downie (1976)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In their text-figure 2, Châteauneuf & Gruas Cavagnetto (1978) showed what they regarded as morphologic variations and stages of evolution in four of the taxa: we pursue this hypothesis in the next section."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Costa & Downie (1979) reiterated the value of the Wetzelielloideae (which they referred to as the Wetzel- iellaceae) in biostratigraphy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their text-fig."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "3, they plotted the stratigraphic range of 42 species, which they variously assigned to the genera Apectodinium, Kisselevia, Wetzeliella, Dracodinium and Rhombodi- nium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One example is Kisselevia (now Sophismatia) ten- uivirgula, which extends from nannofossil zones NP 12 to NP 20."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0067__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unfortunately, Costa & Downie (1979) did not reference their data sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wilson (1984) proposed a dinoflagellate-cyst zona- tion for the Late Jurassic to Eocene of New Zealand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One of the Paleocene and most of the Eocene zones were named after species of the Wetzelielloideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wil- son (1988; Figure 4a) proposed a minor modification of the Early Eocene zonation, with the uppermost zone being named after the areoligeracean species Membra- nophoridium perforatum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most of the zones named after wetzelielloidean species represent the total range of the index species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Exceptions are: the Apectodinium homomorphum Zone, whose top is based on the FAD (First Appearance Datum) of Wetzeliella cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0068__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "hyper- acantha (Wilson 1988, named this taxon Wetzeliella spinulosa); the Charlesdowniea (as Kisselevia) edwardsii Zone, whose base is marked by the LAD (Last Appear- ance Datum) of Charlesdowniea coleothrypta and whose top is marked by the LAD of the index species; and the Stichodinium (as Wilsonidium) lineidentatum Zone, whose base is defined by the LAD of Castellodi- nium (as Wilsonidium) echinosuturatum and whose top is defined by the FAD of Wetzeliella hampdenensis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The archeopyles in most of the wetzelielloidean spe- cies after which the zones of Wilson (1984) are named fit with our observed trends relating to changes in archeopyle type through time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One possible exception is Wetzeliella? spinulosa, which may have a soleiform archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wilson (1988), when erecting the species, stated that the 'operculum [is] sometimes attached along the anterior margin, generally free'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The shape of the archeopyle cannot be determined from the illustrated specimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But an attached operculum would be a first for an Early Eocene wetzelielloidean dinoflagellate cyst."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Another exception is Vallodinium? echinosuturatum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the line drawing of Wilson (1967, fig. 3b), the shape of Palynology Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 the 2a plate is epeliform. But in several illustrations (e.g. Wilson 1967, figs. 22À25; Wilson 1988, pl. 25, fig. 3b and pl. 26, fig. 1c); the operculum seems to remain in place."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0069__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Thus, Vallodinium? echinosuturatum may have an attached epeliform operculum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams & Bujak (1985), in a review of dinoflagel- late-cyst zonations, plotted the stratigraphic ranges of 21 wetzelielloidean species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some of their stratigraphic information is erroneous: an example is the FAD of Charlesdowniea (as Kisselevia) edwardsii and Rhadino- dinium (as Dracodinium) politum at 63.7 Ma in the Danian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Williams & Bujak indicated the range of Wet- zeliella articulata to be from 54.25 to 36.2 Ma, which is less than the range of 53.2 to 30.4 Ma for Charles- downiea (as Kisselevia) coleothrypta."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the sequence of the individual ranges does show a consis- tency that is close to the present view, with the general order of appearances of the genera being Apectodinium, Wetzeliella (if one includes species now assigned to Axiodinium), Dracodinium and Rhombodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0070__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No spe- cies of Wilsonidium were included in the plots of Williams & Bujak (1985)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several papers presenting Paleogene zonations based primarily on wetzelielloidean species have been published by Russian authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Andreeva-Grigorovich (1991) published an elevenfold zonation for the late Tha- netian to early Rupelian of the former USSR, with the index taxa including species of Apectodinium, Wetzeliella, Kisselevia, Dracodinium and Rhombodinium (Figure 4a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The general ordering is similar to that in Costa & Downie (1976) but with less control in the Ypresian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Andreeva et al. ( 2011) provided a slightly modified ver- sion of this zonation for the late Thanetian to Rupelian of the Ukraine, but retained the same 11 zones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Powell (1992; Figure 4b) proposed a formal zonation for the Paleogene of Britain and adjacent areas that was based in large part on wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0071__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of the 27 zones,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 12 were named after species of this group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Powell illus- trated some of the wetzelielloidean species that he used as zonal index markers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Where it can be seen, the archeo- pyle type shown in these illustrations accords with our concepts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The exception, however, is Wetzeliella articu- lata, which Powell did not use as an index species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The specimen he illustrated (Powell 1992, pl. 4.6, fig. 10) has an equiepeliform archeopyle, rather than a soleiform archeopyle."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our redefining of wetzelielloidean taxa according to archeopyle type restricts some stratigraphic ranges in Powell (1992)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example, Powell gives a range for Wetzeliella articulata as extending from the early Ypresian into the Rupelian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Although precise ranges for our new configurations of species remain to be refined, the morphology represented by the type of Wetzeliella articulata does not extend below the late mid- dle Eocene and is likely restricted to Bartonian through Rupelian strata."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0072__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Other species also significacntly restricted because of the new morphological understand- ing are Wetzeliella (now Stenodinium) meckelfeldensis, Charlesdowniea coleothrypta, Charlesdowniea (now Sophismatia) reticulata and probably Wetzeliella ovalis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bujak (1994, fig. 1; also Bujak & Mudge 1994, fig. 2; see Figure 4b herein) presented a dinoflagellate cyst zonation for the latest Paleocene and Eocene of the North Sea in which he erected nine zones and 23 sub- zones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The one zone named after a wetzelielloidean was the oldest, the Apectodinium augustum Zone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "How- ever, he named five subzones after wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the accompanying events chart, Bujak also included the LADs of Dracodinium simile (frequent occurrence), Dracodinium (now Petalodinium) condylos (consistent), Dracodinium varielongitudum (common), Dracodinium (now Rhadinodinium) politum (consistent), Draco- dinium varielongitudum (consistent), Dracodinium pachydermum (now a junior taxonomic synonym of Axiodinium eoceanicum) (common), Rhombodinium (now Petalodinium) rhomboideum and Wetzeliella ovalis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0073__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since Bujak (1994) did not illustrate any of the wetzelielloidean species, it is not possible to determine archeopyle types."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams et al. ( 1998), using the Paleogene time scale of Berggren et al. ( 1995), gave two sets of values for dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphic ranges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first was for northwestern Europe, the second was for the Mediterranean area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These authors recorded 24 species and one subspecies of wetzelielloidean taxa from northwestern Europe, but only 7 species from the Med- iterranean area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most of the species, especially those of Apectodinium, appeared earlier in the Mediterranean than in northwestern Europe but this was not always the case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, Rhombodinium porosum had its Mediterranean FAD at 37.00 Ma whereas its FAD for northwestern Europe was 37.34 Ma."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The exclusion of data regarding the stratigraphic range of Wetzeliella articulata reflects that Williams et al. ( 1998) had reser- vations about its stratigraphic range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Williams et al. ( 1999) also gave ages in a similar format to that of Williams et al. ( 1998), and with the same control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The oldest wetzelielloidean taxa were four species of Apectodinium, which had late Thane- tian LADs that ranged from 56.42 to 55.86 Ma."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The first species of Wetzeliella, Wetzeliella (now Sophisma- tia) meckelfeldensis, had a FAD of 53.94 Ma, margin- ally older than Dracodinium waipaweaense and Charlesdowniea reticulata, both at 53.82 Ma."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Thus within a very short interval of time the three genera, which we would now refer to as Sophismatia, Petalodi- nium and Stenodinium, had made their first appearan- ces."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This means that the equiepeliform (Sophismatia) was soon joined by the latiepeliform (Petalodinium) and hyperepeliform (Stenodinium) archeopyle types."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0074__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The equiepeliforms had earlier been represented by Apectodinium only."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Determining when the soleiform archeopyle first appeared is not easy from the ranges provided by Williams et al. ( 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If Wetzeliella? spinulosa, described by Wilson (1988) from the Waiwapan Stage (Early Eocene) of New Zealand, does indeed have a soleiform archeopyle, then its FAD would be within the Ypresian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Otherwise, the FAD of Rhombodinium draco is given as 39.39 Ma, which is within the Barto- nian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Wetzeliella articulata was given an FAD of 49.73 Ma, but this reflects the broad definition of this species as used at that time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Williams et al. ( 1999), and probably in reality, Dracodinium is restricted to the Ypresian."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The biggest surprise is the stratigraphic range of Charlesdowniea, which according to Williams et al. ( 1999) is 53.82 Ma (FAD of Charlesdowniea reticulata) to 37.34 Ma (LAD of Charlesdowniea coleothrypta)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We suspect that the younger records are of morpholog- ically similar forms that have soleiform archeopyles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If confirmed, such forms would now be included in Talladinium."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Partridge in McGowran et al. ( 2000; Figure 4b) compared the Paleogene dinoflagellate cyst zonations for the Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia, with that for New Zealand as proposed by Wilson (1984, 1988) and for Antarctica as proposed by Wrenn & Hart (1988)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "None of the marker species for the Paleo- gene of Antarctica are wetzelielloideans. But the simi- larity between the Gippsland Basin and the New Zealand zonations is striking, especially the series of events that Partridge recognised for the Wetzelielloid- eae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The events, which include FADs and LADs, cover the late Paleocene to Early Oligocene and highlight the restricted stratigraphic ranges of many of the species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further refinements in our understanding of the stratigraphic ranges of wetzelielloidean species were G. Williams et al. Downloaded by [G. Raquel Guerstein] at 12:44 13 July 2015 provided by Williams et al. ( 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recognizing the variability in FADs and LADs according to paleolati- tudes, or more correctly also according to control by paleooceanic currents, these authors gave values for five regions: low latitudes, northern- and southern- hemisphere middle latitudes, and northern- and south- ern-hemisphere high latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, they listed only 14 wetzelielloidean taxa, including one spe- cies of Apectodinium, three of Charlesdowniea, four of Dracodinium, three of Rhombodinium, two of Wetzel- iella and one of Wilsonidium."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0078__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The sparse data make it impossible to comment on stratigraphic changes in morphology in the wetzelielloideans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recent updates of the stratigraphic ranges of wetze- lielloidean species are published in Powell & Brinkhuis (in Gradstein et al. 2004, fig. 20.3 and in Gradstein et al. 2012, fig. 28.9; with identical information in both publications)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Gradstein et al. ( 2004) provided FADs and/or LADs for 18 wetzelielloidean taxa, which included two species of Apectodinium, three of Charles- downiea, five of Dracodinium, four (and one subspecies) of Wetzeliella and three of Rhombodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The data were based on northwestern European sections."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With such a relatively low number of taxa, important trends are hard to delineate, but there is a definite clustering of Dracodinium species in the Ypresian between 53.6 and 48.7 Ma."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Likewise, Rhombodinium is recorded from the Bartonian to Rupelian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Charlesdowniea appears in the Ypresian but, since LADs are not given for two of the three species, the overall range of the genus cannot be determined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Apectodinium is restricted to the late Thane- tianÀYpresian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0079__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The widest range from Ypresian to Chattian is for Wetzeliella. This is not surprising consid- ering the present, in our view confused, records in the literature."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Andreeva-Grigorovich et al. ( 2011; Figure 4b) pro- posed a slightly modified version of the zonation erected by Andreeva-Grigorovich (1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The major difference was in the designation of two non-wetzeliel- loidean taxa as index species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A significant paper on the Paleogene dinoflagellate cysts of western Siberia is that of Iakovleva & Aleksan- dreva (2013; Figure 4b), who proposed 15 zones span- ning the late Thanetian to the mid Priabonian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thirteen of the zones are named for wetzelielloidean taxa, and show a logical sequence when the morphol- ogy of the species is considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The oldest, as in some other wetzelielloidean-based zonations, is named after Apectodinium hyperacanthum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Sequentially, this is fol- lowed by Apectodinium (now Axiodinium) augustum, Deflandrea oebisfeldensis, Wetzeliella (now Axiodinium) astra, Wetzeliella (now Stenodinium) meckelfeldensis, Dracodinium simile, Dracodinium varielongitudum, Charlesdowniea coleothrypta, Charlesdowniea (now Pila- dinium) columna, Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum, Dracodinium pachydermum (now considered a taxo- nomic junior synonym of Axiodinium eocaenicum), Rhombodiniu draco, Rhombodinium porosum, Kisselevia ornata and Charlesdownia clathrata subsp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "angulosa (now Talladinium angulosum)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The zonal index species reflect the stratigraphic ranges of the wetzelielloidean archeopyle types, with the oldest being the equiepeli- form and hyperepeliform and the youngest being solei- form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0081__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example all the index species of the uppermost four zones have soleiform archeopyles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The problem of establishing evolutionary relationships among fossil dinoflagellates was expressed, perhaps overly pessimistically, by Evitt (1981)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Fensome et al. ( 1993; see also Medlin & Fensome 2013) nevertheless established a broad, evolutionarily based classification for dinoflagellates, including fossils, that has largely withstood the test of time."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Still, trying to establish meaningful phylogenic relationships both within the Wetzelielloideae and between the subfamily and other groups is challenging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nevertheless, the difficulty of determining phylogenetic relationships of wetzelielloid- ean taxa has not deterred some from attempting to do so."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first attempt to propose a phylogenetic tree for wetzelielloideans was that of Châteauneuf & Gruas Cavagnetto (1978, text-figure 2), who considered the root stock to be Apectodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From this root stock the authors postulated the evolution of four taxa - Wetzeliella meckelfeldensis subsp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "lobisca (now Draco- dinium lobiscum), Dracodinium simile, Wetzeliella sym- metrica and Kisselevia (now Sophismatia) tenuivirgula."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Châteauneuf & Gruas Cavagnetto's line drawings of these four taxa show equiepeliform (Wetzeliella meck- elfeldensis subsp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "lobisca and Dracodinium simile), hyperepeliform (Wetzeliella symmetrica) and latiepeli- form (Kisselevia tenuivirgula) archeopyles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "That Wetze- liella symmetrica would have a hyperepeliform archeopyle and be restricted to the late Ypresian to Bartonian does not fit with our interpretation, nor with the middle Oligocene age of the holotype of this species - an age later endorsed by Andreeva-Grigoro- vich (1991), who considered Wetzeliella symmetrica to be a marker species for the early Rupelian."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, the evolutionary sequence postulated by Châteauneuf & Gruas-Cavagnetto (1978) seems questionable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Costa & Downie (1979) presented a 'morphogenetic chart' for the wetzelielloideans, in part based upon archeopyle type but also on other morpho- logical features and stratigraphic occurrences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "These authors considered Apectodinium to have been the ancestral taxon for the group, evolving from the deflandreoid peridiniacean Spinidinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Costa & Downie based this idea on the similarity of the archeo- pyle and the weakly developed pericoel, features that they deemed common to both genera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, Spini- dinium has a hexa 2a plate whereas Apectodinium has a quadra 2a plate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0083__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Moreover, Spinidinium commonly exhibits an adnate operculum that remains posteriorly connected to the rest of the cyst, with the 2a joined along the boundary with the 4\" plate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 3, 9], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In wetzelielloi- deans with an attached operculum, the attachment is along the anterior margin of the 2a plate, with the 3 0 and 2a plates remaining connected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Also, such attach- ment does not occur in the earliest wetzelielloideans, but is a consistent feature in taxa occurring in younger, Bartonian-Rupelian rocks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recognition of Apectodi- nium as the wetzelielloidean 'root stock' is understand- able if based on its first appearance as early as the Selandian and on its possession of an equiepeliform archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Costa & Downie (1979) viewed Apecto- dinium as giving rise to Wetzeliella (now Stenodinium) meckelfeldensis, with its hyperepeliform archeopyle, and thence directly or indirectly to most other wetze- lielloideans within a short interval during the early Ypresian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Costa & Downie (1979) had major problems deter- mining the affinities of Wilsonidium, which they had correctly determined had a hyperepeliform archeopyle (in our terminology)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They concluded that Wilsonidium derived from Alterbidinium (as Alterbia) pentaradiatum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Similar caveats apply to this suggestion as to the Apec- todinium-Spinidinium relationship discussed above - indeed Alterbidinium could be thought of as a spineless Spinidinium with the same tendency to have a posteri- orly attached hexa archeopyle/operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Bujak (1979) and Bujak & Davies (1983) also devel- oped significant ideas on wetzelielloidean relationships."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Bujak (1979) emphasised the continuity of the quadra archeopyle in the wetzelielloideans, concluding that it is found only in that group and is thus a diagnostic fea- ture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, he expressed uncertainty over the nature of the intercalary archeopyle in Apectodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0084__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Bujak & Davies (1983) modified the phylogenetic model of Costa & Downie (1979), primarily by regard- ing Alterbidinium? pentaradiatum subsp."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "precedum as the root stock."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors reasoned that the quadra 2a plate evolved because of the lateral extension of the cingulum in the wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to Bujak & Davies (1983), one offshoot from Alterbidinium? pen- taradiatum subsp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "precedum gave rise to Wilsonidium, which they regarded as an evolutionary dead end."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Another branch led to Apectodinium, the root stock of all other wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Evitt (1985, p. 201) commented that 'It seems prob- able that the . . ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "cingular arrangement [seen in Proto- peridinium] occurred throughout the Wetzeliella- Apectodinium complexes . . . .' This would involve only three cingular plates plus a transitional plate, in con- trast to the peridiniacean condition with five or six cin- gular plates plus a transitional."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0085__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Evitt gave no direct evidence for this feature and further added '. . . but there is little likelihood that this will be provable in very many instances.' Despite the speculative nature of Evitt's comments, they have been the basis for the widely held belief that the wetzelielloideans are closely related to modern protoperidinioids and thus, by extension, heterotrophic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, we view the wet- zelielloids as not being closely related to the protoperi- dinioids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Scanning electron micrographs presented herein (Plate 5, figs. 4 and 11) suggest at least one and probably two breaks in the cingular plate series on the dorsal surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Protoperidinioids have only three cin- gular plates (Fensome et al. 1993), with no sutures on the dorsal surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The evidence presented here indi- cates that wetzelielloids have at least four, and possibly five, cingular plates plus a small transitional plate on the ventral surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The only significant differences between wetzelielloid and deflandreoid/palaeoperidinioid tabulation are the quadra versus hexa 2a plate and asso- ciated differences in adjacent plates (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This, together with the stability and consistent symmetry of the epicystal tabulation, tentatively allies the wetzeliel- loids with the deflandreoids and palaeoperidinioids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As the wetzelielloidean archeopyle invariably involves only the 2a plate, its affinity may lie closer to the deflan- dreoids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0086__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "But this is speculative, and the origin of the wet- zelielloids among peridiniaceans remains unclear."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "That wetzelielloideans are probably not related to protoperidiniaceans also accords with their usual lack of brown pigmentation of the cyst wall, the latter being a feature of protoperidinacean cysts and suggestive of a heterotrophic habit (Mudie 1992)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In extensive stud- ies of Paleogene deep-sea material, one of us (SPD) has rarely encountered wetzelielloids in samples; the reverse would be expected if wetzelielloids were hetero- trophic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This sparsity of wetzeleilloideans in deeper water deposits accords with the findings of Downie et al. ( 1971), who recognised a Wetzeliella association in the London Clay of southeastern England and pos- tulated that it denoted estuarine conditions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, there seems substantive evidence that the wetzelielloids preferred shallow-water environments and hence were probably autotrophic rather than heterotrophic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 5, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Modern ideas emphasise evolution's bush-like rather than tree-like nature, and so it follows that the wetzellielloidean fossil record represents isolated branches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this context, it is perhaps not advisable to try to connect or place individual species on the overall bush."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, evolution did occur and morphologies did change over time in ways that we can recognise À the trick is to pick out which morphological features are telling the most meaningful evolutionary story."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Building on the work of Evitt (1985), Fensome et al. ( 1993) concluded that for dinoflagellates as a whole (and especially for fossil forms), changing tabulation was the feature that revealed the most meaningful evo- lutionary story."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0088__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Features such as surface ornamenta- tion, horn and process morphology and cavation had their place in defining taxa at lower ranks, but for determining taxa at higher rank and understanding evolutionary trends, tabulation was key."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the peridiniaceans, the stability of the tabulation makes recognition of evolutionary trends difficult. But if we can relate even subtle changes in, say, archeopyle shape, that reflect changes in tabulation, we may be able to develop a workable model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our focus on archeopyle types in the wetzelielloideans gives us a win- dow into changes in the tabulation of this subfamily."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, variations in horn length and periphragm ornamentation probably reflect environmental controls rather than broader phylogenetic patterns, as has been suggested for other groups of dinoflagellate cysts (e.g. Monteil 1991)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By utilising changing archeopyle form, we can discern the broader evolutionary story."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Apectodinium, the earliest known wetzelielloid- ean, has an equiepeliform archeopyle type, it seems logical to propose that this type reflects the 'root stock' of the subfamily, developing in the Selandian (Figure 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accepting this, the other archeopyle types evolved very rapidly, since taxa with hyperepeliform, latiepeliform and hypersoleiform types are known from the Ypresian, when 'experimentation' in the group was obviously rife."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such experimentation fol- lowed by stabilisation has occurred in archeopyle development in other peridiniacians; an example can be found among fossil deflandreoids and palaeoperidi- niods (taken collectively), which show a variety of com- binations of archeopyle types in the Middle to Late Cretaceous (for example, Chichaouadinium and Luxa- dinium); in contrast most Cenozoic members of these two subfamilies have a simple one-plate anterior inter- calary archeopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The latiepeliform archeopyle, which characterises Dracodinium, like the hyperepeliform type, is strati- graphically restricted to the Ypresian and Lutetian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Forms with the soleiform archeopyle appear in the late Lutetian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hyperepeliform types do not fit into the evo- lutionary pattern if Wilson (1967) is right in consider- ing Wilsonidium tabulatum to be late Eocene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "C. Clowes (pers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "comm., 2014) considers this species to be no younger than middle Bartonian, which À although still later than expected À would not be so anomalous."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Latiepeliform types seem not to have survived into the Middle Eocene, though hypersoleiforms did, and per- haps gave rise to the earliest soleiform types in the Lutetian (see Michoux 1988)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0091__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, taxa with this archeopyle type are rare until the Bartonian, when they come to dominate wetzelielloidean assemblages."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the same time, there is a rapid decline in those taxa with equiepeliform archeopyles, which disappear in the Bartonian."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, by the Priabonian and Rupelian, taxa with soleiform archeopyles don't simply dominate assemblages À they are the only wetzelielloideans pres- ent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0092__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is much uncertainty over the occurrence of wetzelielloideans in the Chattian but, if present, we would expect them to have soleiform archeopyles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Why the hypersoleiform and soleiform archeopyle types have opercula that remain attached anteriorly is a mystery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In peridiniaceans, this anterior attachment is found only in the wetzelielloideans, so perhaps it has some relationship to the distinctive quadra tabulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Why the soleiform archeopyle type became dominant is also puzzling; perhaps it somehow offered better pro- tection before and during the initial stages of encyst- ment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0093__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Another mystery is the identity of the non- wetzelielloiodean group that the subfamily evolved from. They are so similar to other fossil peridiniaceans, yet so distinctive in the morphology of their 2a plate, that at present, any ideas would be pure speculation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Archeopyle type shows a significant relationship to apical horn length."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As would be expected, the hypere- peliform and hypersoleiform archeopyles occur only in taxa with long apical horns, whereas in forms with the latiepeliform archeopyle, the apical horn is reduced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In equiepeliform and soleiform types, the apical horns can vary from short to long."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lengths of other horns vary considerably in all five archeopyle types, suggest- ing that, as observed in the Phoberocysta-Muderongia group (Monteil 1991), general horn length may be related to environmental parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, as shown by Iakovleva & Heilmann-Clausen (2007), the left antapical horn can be reduced, with the right antapical horn being the longer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0094__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Their observations highlight some of the drawbacks in using relative horn length for generic and specific separation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pericyst-endocyst relationships also tend to change with time, with circumcavation largely disappearing in the BartonianÀPriabonian."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Endophragm thickness decreased, so that BartonianÀRupelian taxa almost invariably have a thin endophragm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The peridiniacean subfamily Wetzelielloideae shows considerable morphological variability, particularly in horn development and ornamentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The impressive array of wetzelielloidean forms has tended to deflect attention from the more phylogenetically important but less striking morphology of the archeopyle, and this has led to problems with the taxonomy and conse- quent biostratigraphic utility of the group."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Following Fensome et al. ( 1993), we believe that the overriding criterion for generic assignment must be tabulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Within the wetzelielloidean complex, the general tabu- lation is strikingly consistent, a tendency for tabulation stability echoed among fossil peridiniaceans as a whole but in contrast to modern peridiniacians (and fossil and modern protoperidiniaceans)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Members of the Wetzelielloideae are unique in pos- sessing a second intercalary (2a) plate that is four-sided (quadra), in contrast to the six- (or, rarely, five-) sided 2a plate of other fossil peridiniaceans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unlike many peridiniaceans, only the 2a plate in the wetzeliel- loideans is involved in archeopyle formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this plate shows variation in shape and relative dimen- sions in the peri- and endoarcheopyle, either of which may have a detached or an attached operculum."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We have used these variations in the archeopyle as the pri- mary morphological features in defining or redefining genera in the Wetzelielloideae, leading us to a proposed new classification (Figure 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0097__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Based on this concept, we suggest possible relationships of wetzelielloidean gen- era in the form of a cladogram (Figure 6)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We recognise six genera with an equiepeliform archeopyle, five with a soleiform archeopyle, four with a hyperepeliform archeopyle, five with a latiepeliform archeopyle and one with a hypersoleiform archeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As our understanding of the wetzelielloideans increases, more new genera may fill the morphological gaps that currently exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have used ornamentation type and distribution as secondary features for differentiation at the generic level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our proposed scheme with regard to ornamenta- tion in part reflects prior definitions of existing genera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wetzeliella is characterised by processes that are dis- tally free, whereas Rhombodinium has ornamentation of low relief and Charlesdowniea has an ectophragm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Forms like Wilsonidium but with a soleiform archeo- pyle are included in the new genus Castellodinium."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0099__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When such variations in ornamentation are related to archeopyle type, and the genera redefined accordingly, it provides a more realistic view of the evolution of the group emerges and, hence, more meaningful and useful stratigraphic ranges."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our proposed classification is, in itself, an evolution of previous ideas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Without the pioneering studies of Costa & Downie (1976, 1979), Bujak (1979) and Michoux (1988), we would have struggled to make sense of the wetzelielloideans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We still have much to learn, but we believe that application of the ideas expressed herein will point the way forward."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We have told the 'hole' story as we presently understand it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__original__p0100__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Let us hope that we can build on this story and thereby provide greater insight into the stratigraphic and palae- oenvironmental utilisation of the wetzelielloideans in the Paleogene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2061__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The taxonomic revision of the dinoflagellate cyst subfamily Wetzelielloideae by Williams et al. ( 2015) places primary emphasis on the type of archaeopyle, and secondarily on wall ornamentation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) argues that this provides more clarity for taxonomic differentiation within the subfamily of Wetzelielloideae, and adds to the stratigraphical significance of species within."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We find, however, that their proposed revision (1) introduces taxonomic criteria that divert drastically from these in other dinoflagellate cyst subfamilies, (2) unnecessarily erects and emends many new genera and species, and (3) poses serious practical limitations, which together (4) lead to profound reduction of the stratigraphical applicability of many marker species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this contribution, we substantiate our concerns regarding the approach and criteria used by Williams et al. ( 2015)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We propose to retain the generic definitions of Wetzelielloideae that existed prior to the revisions by Williams et al. ( 2015), until a revision supported by the community is available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) have proposed a taxonomic revision of the dinoflagellate cyst subfamily Wetzelielloideae. In their view the ‘generic definitions within the subfamily of Wetzelielloideae have been blurred, and too much focused on wall ornament and horn development’ (Williams et al. 2015, p. 290)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0106__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These authors further argue that the blurred generic definitions have ‘limited the utility of Wetzelielloideae as biostratigraphic marker’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0106__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As an example the authors refer to Wetzeliella articulata, a species that has a remarkably long stratigraphical range of 32 million years, from the Paleocene to the Oligocene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact, they assume that the criteria used in this species concept are not satisfactorily distinctive to cover (apparent) morphological variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0107__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, they have introduced novel concepts for the taxonomy at the generic level for the Wetzeliellioideae, placing primary emphasis on the type of archaeopyle, and secondarily on wall ornamentation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0107__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) argued that the emphasis placed on the archaeopyle type provides much more clarity for taxonomic differentiation within the subfamily Wetzelielloideae."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) defined five different types of the 2a intercalary archaeopyle (equiepeliform, hyperepeliform, latiepeliform, soleiform and hypersoleiform)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, these authors defined five different types of wall ornamentation, which they applied as a secondary criterion at the generic level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors reviewed all species in the subfamily in terms of archaeopyle type and wall ornamentation, resulting in a matrix."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Their review requires the formal description of no less than 13 new genera, emendation of the diagnosis of three existing genera, and the formal description of three new species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0108__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They concluded that the soleiform archaeopyle is a consistent feature in the younger stratigraphical range (i.e. Bartonian and younger) of the Wetzelielloideae, while the epeliform archaeopyles in this subfamily occur in the older stratigraphical record (Selandian–Bartonian)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Williams et al. ( 2015) that a thorough review of the taxonomic concepts and definitions for Wetzeliellioideae would benefit the scientific community, and we greatly appreciate the efforts made in this direction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In theory, the approach taken by Williams et al. ( 2015) could result in a solid, consistent taxonomic framework, since it is based on clear generic criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also agree that some variability in archaeopyle type and level of detachment exists within the subfamily of Wetzeliellioideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After careful consideration, however, we find that their proposed revision (1) introduces taxonomic criteria that divert drastically from well-established conventions, (2) unnecessarily erects and emends many new genera and species, and (3) poses serious analytical and practical limitations, which together (4) lead to a profound reduction of the stratigraphical applicability of marker species, while not introducing any new stratigraphical markers in replacement."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0109__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this contribution, we substantiate our concerns regarding the approach and criteria used by Williams et al. ( 2015) and, based on these concerns, propose to retain the original generic definitions of Wetzelielloideae."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although in theory the taxonomic revision proposed by Williams et al. ( 2015) provides a clear and consistent set of definitions, we have identified several critical issues in its application that can essentially be narrowed down to four main issues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Extinct dinoflagellate cyst species cannot be directly linked to the affiliated biological species – even extant motile/cyst relationships are not established fully (e.g. Head 1996) [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0111__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, any taxonomic framework for extinct dinoflagellate cysts must rely on clearly visible, distinguishable morphological characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0111__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this reason, dinoflagellate cyst families are typically separated based on plate tabulation patterns following the system of Fensome et al. ( 1993) [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Taxonomic definitions at the generic level are made predominantly based on specific morphological and geometric features (such as cyst outline, cavation, number of wall layers, process outline and distribution, plate and/or sutural ornamentation, etc.), with the archaeopyle type being a consequence of geometry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) broke with this convention because they specifically consider archaeopyle type to be an indicator of phylogeny."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, Williams et al. ( 2015) applied the basic assumption that the archaeopyle type directly reflects the shape of the plate(s) involved in archaeopyle formation, which is not necessarily the case for all dinoflagellate cyst species (e.g. Harland 1982) [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because sutures are not always discernible for Wetzelielloideae, this cannot be proven for many Wetzelielloideae specimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, we are sceptical about the validity of this fundamental assumption underlying the taxonomic revisions of Wetzelielloideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0113__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We have concerns that the drastic revisions of the primary criteria for taxonomic classification as proposed by Williams et al. ( 2015) do not reflect phylogenetic significance."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0113__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Regardless of our concerns, the revision of taxonomic concepts to accommodate just one subfamily seems an illogical step if the taxonomic concepts applied towards the other dinoflagellate cyst groups remain the same."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The validity of the proposed taxonomic definitions in the subdivision of Wetzelielloideae does not allow for plasticity in archaeopyle type within otherwise morphologically similar dinoflagellate cysts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0114__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This leads to taxonomic separation of – apart from the type of archaeopyle – morphologically indistinguishable species (Plate 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0114__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, many other dinoflagellate cyst taxa are characterised by variability in archaeopyle type, and the level of detachment of the operculum is permitted within a genus, and even within species definitions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For instance, Dissiliodinium and Durotrigia (Bailey 1987; Feist-Burkhardt et al. 2001) [4][5] have a variable archaeopyle consisting of one to five precingular plates; Lingulodinium machaerophorum (Wall 1967) [6] and Diphyes (Goodman & Witmer 1985) [7] have either a 3’ precingular or a tA apical archaeopyle; Florentinia (e.g. Sluijs & Brinkhuis 2009) [8] varies its archaeopyle involving from tA to tA3P; Schematophora (Bijl et al. 2013b) [9] has various levels of detachment of the apical series; species of Spinidinium and Vozzhennikovia (Sluijs et al. 2009) [10] involve either one (2A) or all three anterior intercalary plates in the archaeopyle; and Phthanoperidinium (Islam 1982) [11] varies its archaeopyle by occasionally including the 4’’ plate to the otherwise 2A archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Notably, many Protoperidinium species (e.g. Harland 1982) [3] vary in outline and type of the 2A archaeopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For these genera, taxonomic concepts at genus and species levels are not primarily set on archaeopyle type but, rather, on wall morphology, ornamentation and process distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We indeed observe variability in the type of archaeopyle in many Wetzelielloideae, even within the same samples, for example in specimens of Apectodinium in the original description (see examples in Plate 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0116__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Scanning electron microscope images of a specimen of Apectodinium hyperacanthum (Bijl et al., 2013b, plate VII, figure n) [9] show a clear angular, rectangular archaeopyle but with an adnate anterior end."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0116__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These two characteristics together are not compatible with the proposed taxonomic concept of Williams et al. ( 2015) for Apectodinium hyperacanthum, which should have a detached operculum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If we followed the taxonomic concepts proposed, we should erect a new genus and new species for the specimen illustrated by Bijl et al. ( 2013) [9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0117__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, based on wall ornament, this specimen is clearly a species of Apectodinium in its original taxonomic concept."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0117__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The proposed taxonomic revision of Williams et al. ( 2015) would place the specimens exhibiting adnate soleiform archaeopyles within Wetzeliella, while based on all the other morphological features, they have close affinities to Apectodinium, which it restricts to equiepeliform archaeopyles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our view, the adnate soleiform versus free epeliform archaeopyles both occur within a complex of Wetzelielloidae that are similar in many more morphological characteristics than they differ, which is why in the original concept all of these were grouped into Apectodinium."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The original taxonomic concept of Wetzelielloideae is very practical for most of the species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0119__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Applying the new taxonomic concept to the latter leads to many discussions, confusion, and unnecessary and unwanted taxonomic splitting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0119__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Taxonomic uncertainty in the original concepts of Wetzelielloideae occurs predominantly at the species level and only very rarely at the generic level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For instance, in many cases (sub-optimal preservation, overload of amorphous organic matter, clumping, over-oxidation), the – in our view – subtle differences in outline and ornament between Charlesdowniea columna and Charlesdowniea coleothrypta make it difficult to separate them from one another in the original taxonomic framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0120__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, Williams et al. ( 2015) considered these two species to be within two different genera, as they have noted slight differences in archaeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This proposed taxonomic revision does not at all alleviate the difficulty in deciding to which of the two species a specimen belongs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0121__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact it complicates the situation because, in the new taxonomic concept, the generic classification is compromised if the archaeopyle type is not clearly discernible."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0121__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We argue that because the two species share so many morphological features, it is most practical to at least retain these species in the same genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0121__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) broke with this basic principle of hierarchy in morphological variation for the Wetzelielloideae, which is a profound concern for the field of dinoflagellate cyst palaeontology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We therefore find that the proposed revision leads to unnecessary speciation of dinoflagellate cyst taxa that are highly similar (if not identical) in cyst outline and wall ornamentation, but only vary slightly, if at all (see examples above), in archaeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0122__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We now observe very chaotic, inconsistent genus and species concepts, in which cysts with the same wall features are placed in different genera just because of a slight, often non-diagnostic difference in archaeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Central to the taxonomic definitions proposed by Williams et al. ( 2015) is the type of archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0123__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In practice, however, this particular morphological feature is not easily assessed using transmissed light microscopy, particularly in Wetzelliellioideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0123__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is because the archaeopyle can be poorly visible in many specimens for numerous factors including poor contrast between the archaeopyle and the translucent wall; specimens are often sub-ideally oriented on the microscope slide, lack parasutural/penitabular ornamentation, and in some instances bear numerous processes that may obscure the visibility of the archaeopyle (e.g. Sluijs & Brinkhuis 2009 plate 1, figures I, J; Bijl et al. 2013, plate I, figures e, j) [8][9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0123__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, some specimens (may) have partially adnate opercula (see examples in Plate 2), to say nothing of specimens that have not hatched."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The orientation of the cyst relative to the plane of view poses a serious limitation on the practicality of the proposed taxonomic criteria underlying the revision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the paper by Williams et al. ( 2015), this problem was illustrated in figures 15 and 16 of plate 1, and figures 15 and 16 of plate 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Two seemingly similar specimens with identical cyst outline and wall ornament were illustrated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, Williams et al. ( 2015) placed these two specimens into two different genera because they deduced a difference in archaeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "According to Williams et al. ( 2015) the specimen illustrated in plate 1 has an equiepeliform archaeopyle, and, according to their scheme, is to be placed in Sophismatia, while the specimen illustrated in plate 2 exhibits a hyperepeliform archaeopyle and is therefore to be assigned to another genus, i.e. Sagenodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, the specimen in plate 1 is oriented in oblique polar view, while the specimen in plate 2 is photographed in equatorial view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The oblique polar view results in an underestimation of the height of the archaeopyle relative to its width, giving the impression of an equiepeliform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0124__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This example also supports the inference that two cysts that are as similar as these two specimens should be assigned to the same species, or at least the same genus, based on outline and ornamentation, even if the archaeopyles differ slightly (see Section 2.2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The practical application of taxonomic concepts should be reconsidered when generic assignment is easily influenced by analytical issues, such as the angle of view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even more crucially, taxa with identical cyst outline and wall ornamentation, such as the above examples, cannot be classified to the genus level if the archaeopyle type cannot be determined, which is often the case in Wetzelielloideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0125__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our example given here clearly points to the ambiguity induced by the taxonomic concepts proposed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) argued that some species within Wetzeliella (notably W. articulata) have a generic species definition and as such have a long stratigraphical range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0126__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The proposed revision aims to add more stratigraphical importance to such long-ranging species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0126__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, even after the proposed taxonomic revision, Wetzeliella articulata remains a species with a rather broad taxonomic description and a long stratigraphical range."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are, however, numerous examples where species within the Wetzelielloideae, well defined within the original taxonomic framework, represent clear, unambiguous stratigraphical markers, such as; Apectodinium augustum at the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (e.g. Sluijs et al. 2007) [12]; Charlesdowniea edwardsii, Dracodinium waipawaense and Wetzeliella samlandica in the early Eocene (Hollis et al. 2009; Hollis et al. 2012; Bijl et al. 2013a, b; Dallanave et al. 2016) [9][13][14][15]; Dracodinium rhomboideum, Dracodinium pachydermum and Charlesdowniea columna in the middle Eocene (Eldrett et al. 2004; Eldrett & Harding 2009; Firth et al. 2013) [16][17][18]; and Wetzeliella gochtii and Rhombodinium perforatum in the Oligocene (e.g. Pross 2001; Fensome et al. 2008; Pross et al. 2010; Sliwinska et al. 2012; Egger et al. in press) [2][19][20][21][22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0127__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2004) published a cornerstone stratigraphical article in which many wetzeliellioid dinoflagellate cyst species are listed as good biostratigraphical markers including Charlesdowniea columna, C. crassiramosa, C. edwardsii, Dracodinium condylos, D. politum, D. varielongitudum, D. waipawaense, Rhombodinium draco, R. perforatum, R. porosum, Wetzeliella gochtii, W. meckelfeldensis and Wilsonidium echinosuturatum [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If we accept the proposed taxonomic revisions, the stratigraphical ranges of many of these species may need to be seriously reconsidered and, in the worst case, may become practically useless if we do not allow for some plasticity in archaeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0128__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The stratigraphical ranges of species with in theory a stable archaeopyle type and morphology will remain unaffected by the taxonomic revision."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, we cannot be certain that these species really have stable archaeopyle types, as this has never been the primary criterion to distinguish genera or species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0129__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, it would require a thorough revisiting of the stratigraphical records where species were initially stratigraphically calibrated to verify whether, according to the taxonomic concepts of Williams et al. ( 2015), the stratigraphical calibration of the species is still correct, or whether the species which were initially grouped together now need to be separated based on a different archaeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Contrary to Williams et al. ( 2015), we thus see no improvement in the stratigraphical applicability of Wetzelielloideae in the revised taxonomic concepts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We recognise that dinoflagellate cyst taxonomy is imperfect for all groups, including the Wetzeliellioideae, and that there is a constant need for improvement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Williams and colleagues are profound experts in this field and their countless high-quality contributions are invaluable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0131__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, based on the material we have observed, we find the variability and plasticity of cyst-wall and archaeopyle morphology within the Wetzelielloideae equally large, but render the cyst-wall morphology in practice a much more practical criterion for taxonomic differentiation than archaeopyle type, and more in line with that within other families."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__critique__p0131__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The above considerations on the taxonomic revisions proposed by Williams et al. ( 2015) lead us to propose to retain the taxonomic concepts within Wetzeliellioideae that existed prior to their contribution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2061__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The paper by Williams et al. ( 2015) concerning a proposed taxonomic revision of the subfamily Wetzelielloideae has led to a Comment by Bijl et al. ( 2016) that questions the validity of our assumptions regarding recognition of the equiepeliform, latiepeliform, hyperepeliform and soleiform archaeopyle types and their significance at the generic level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this response we address the points that they raise, which are: the introduction of taxonomic criteria allegedly not followed in other fossil subfamilies; the erection of too many taxa; the unworkable nature of the proposed classification; and the reduction of stratigraphic applicability of many significant stratigraphic marker species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We have organized our response under the following topics: pragmatism versus theory; generic criteria: intergroup consistency; the genus Apectodinium and operculum attachment; stratigraphic utility; the number of taxa; and recognition problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also discuss specimens illustrated in the two plates included with the Comment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The variations in archaeopyle shapes and types of attachment of the operculum (the latter concept has been modified following more recent research) that we have used in part to separate the genera within the Wetzelielloideae have been previously applied to other peridiniaceans subfamilies, most notably the Deflandreoideae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As with that subfamily, we consider that our focus on archaeopyle shape and operculum attachment for differentiating wetzelielloidean genera introduces an approach that may help refine the stratigraphic ranges of individual species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "While it is a fundamental truth that there are no “correct” taxonomic ideas, we consider that new approaches should be tested with usage over time, not rejected out of hand prior to careful study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0132__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016) raise several objections to the new classification of the Wetzelielloideae that was presented in Williams et al. ( 2015), in which we emphasized the primary importance of archaeopyle outline and the secondary importance of wall morphology and ornamentation in distinguishing genera."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The proposed reclassification led to the erection of thirteen genera and three species, a number which could be regarded as intimidating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In cataloguing their concerns in the abstract, Bijl et al. state that the proposed revision: introduces taxonomic criteria that divert [diverge] drastically from criteria in other dinocyst subfamilies; unnecessarily erects and emends many genera and species; poses serious analytical and practical limitations; leads to profound reduction of the stratigraphic applicability of many marker species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although Bijl et al. raise these four concerns in both the abstract and the introduction, they are not clearly organized in section 2 of their main text."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our response we have decided to follow a format that responds to the points raised above in a more logical fashion, albeit collectively addressing the issues raised."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 2*) entitle their Section 2.1 “Pragmatic versus hypothesized evolutionary lineages”, implying that our proposals are superficially based. But we deliberately did not propose any lineages in our paper and strongly discourage such an approach."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0133__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As we suggested, dinocyst species interpreted from the fossil record represent tips of an “evolutionary bush”, and detailed attempts to arrange fossil species into lineages are, in our view, largely meaningless. What we did present (Williams et al. 2015, fig."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "6) was an informal cladogram (and labelled as such) speculating on broad relationships among wetzelielloideans and focussing on archaeopyle type (further discussed below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0134__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As is well established and fundamental in the biological literature, cladograms reflect potential relationships, not lineages (Wiley et al. 1991)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0134__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "(* In writing this response the final pagination for Bijl et al. ’s article was not available to us, so the page numbers we give are for the online version, which has pages numbered 1 to 7.) The cladogram was added late to our paper as an afterthought at the prompting of a reviewer, so our generic classification was not driven by theory as reflected in that diagram."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0134__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, our proposals are based on our long practical experience (Williams and Downie 1966; Damassa 1979; Bujak et al. 1980; Fensome et al. 2009; Weston et al. 2012; Fensome et al., 2016; Nøhr-Hansen et al. in press)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We would be the last to claim that our extensive observations make our taxonomic ideas correct or better than others ― indeed, taxonomy is a subjective discipline and no scheme can be considered “correct”. But our wealth of practical experience undermines the charge that our ideas are based on theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although our proposed classification is founded on many years of incremental observations, the following anecdote helps emphasize the practical nature of our ideas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of us spent several years analyzing Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic assemblages from the Scotian Basin, offshore eastern Canada (Fensome et al. 2008, 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Wetzelielloids are relatively common in many assemblages from Paleogene strata in the Scotian Basin, but it was puzzling that specimens with a clearly “popped-out” epeliform archaeopyle like those in Williams and Downie’s (1966) classic wetzelielloid study were rarely if ever observed; all Scotian Basin wetzelielloids showed a soleiform archaeopyle or no clearly evident archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This mystery was dramatically underlined during a visit to view the Williams and Downie holotypes at the Natural History Museum in London; most if not all wetzelielloids in the latter material strikingly had an epeliform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It turns out that the Early Eocene is mostly missing in the Scotian Basin, probably stripped during the Montagnais impact event some 50 million years ago (Weston et al. 2012; Deptuck and Campbell 2012)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Here then is a “first pass” practical biostratigraphic observation ― wetzelielloids with an epeliform archaeopyle are primarily Early Eocene in age, whereas assemblages dominated by soleiform archaeopyles are of later Eocene and Oligocene age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0135__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 2) are concerned that “drastic revisions of the primary criteria for taxonomic classification … do not reflect phylogenetic significance.”"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, as further discussed below, we do not consider that our revisions are so “drastic”: we just emphasized one factor, the archaeopyle shape, over others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Fensome et al. ( 1993) recognized that tabulation is a principal criterion in establishing phylogenetically based dinoflagellate taxa ― indeed the primary criterion among dinoflagellate taxa represented in the fossil record."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This tenet is now generally accepted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The problem among peridinioids is that the tabulation is so stable, with the “standard peridinialean tabulation” among fossil peridiniaceans (in contrast to protoperidiniaceans) varying little from the Late Jurassic to the Miocene (Fensome et al. 1993)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The priority consideration in classifying fossil peridiniaceans has been the archaeopyle ― both in terms of the number and configuration of plates involved and the shape of the second anterior intercalary (2a) plate, as discussed in detail below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The defining character of the Wetzelielloideae is the presence of a four-sided, or quadra, 2a plate, in contrast to the hexa, or six-sided, 2a plate of “mainstream” peridiniaceans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To us, the most reasonable basis for generic definitions would be to use aspects of tabulation if possible, to which end we applied the shape of the 2a plate as reflected in the archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Thus, definitions of family, subfamily and genera all have a basis in the tabulation, and within the Wetzelielloideae this follows the precedent applied at least partially in other peridiniacean subfamilies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We accept that the shape of the wetzelielloidean 2a plate as shown by the archaeopyle may not reflect exactly the shape of the 2a plate in the motile cell (although no such motile cells exist to confirm this)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0136__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, in our experience, the configuration of the archaeopyle in wetzelielloideans correlates more with geological age than does the overall shape of the cyst."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Do Bijl et al. really consider that archaeopyle shape is potentially less reflective of phylogenetic relationships than horn development or ornament? Among fossil dinoflagellates, these features have been shown time and again not to accord with phylogeny."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example Cornu and Monteil in Monteil (1991) identified four morphological stages, or ecotypes, in the Muderongia-Phoberocysta complex based on variations in horn length, process type, and the distribution of ornament, including the extent to which it reflects tabulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They showed that these morphological variations reflect environmental rather than evolutionary factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The genera Oligosphaeridium and Hystrichosphaeridium were often considered to be closely allied in early work on fossil dinoflagellate cysts because of their strikingly similar chorate morphology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But Evitt (1985) convincingly showed by detailed examination of the process arrangement (reflecting tabulation) that the two genera belonged to different fundamental groups of gonyaulacoid cysts, recognized by Fensome et al. ( 1993) as the families Gonyaulacaceae and Goniodomaceae."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These and other examples show that assessing phylogenetic relationships on the basis of superficial shape and wall structure is fraught with problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Aspects relating to tabulation have been proven generally not so susceptible to pitfalls of evolutionary convergence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0137__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "According to Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 1), Williams et al. ("}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2015) introduced “… taxonomic criteria that divert [i.e. diverge] drastically from well-established conventions” and that (p. 4) a “profound concern for the field of dinoflagellate cyst paleontology” is that Williams et al. ( 2015) break with the “basic principle of hierarchy in morphological variation for the Wetzelielloideae ….” What exactly are the “well-established conventions” and the “basic principle of hierarchy in morphological variation” referred to by Bijl et al. from which we have diverged and broken?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To assess this issue, let’s look at the definitions of wetzelielloidean genera as established prior to Williams et al. ( 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The genus Wetzeliella itself was erected by Eisenack (1954, p. 187), who gave the following circumscription: “Shell more or less flattened, rhomboidal to pentagonal or also more or less oval, usually with apical horn, lateral horns on both sides and two antapical horns, all of which can be strongly reduced, without tabulation, almost always ornamented with bristles or spines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Transverse and longitudinal furrows, respectively, not determinable as flagellar groove (the former perhaps indicated sometimes)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Ellipsoidal capsule present interiorly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "” ( Translation from the German by Stover and Evitt (1978, p.130.) An excystment opening (later termed an archaeopyle) was not recognized in 1954 by Eisenack, an omission remedied by Williams & Downie (1966, p. 182), who stated “Archaeopyle usually present … resulting from loss of plate 2a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0138__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "” Gocht (1955) erected Dracodinium and Rhombodinium."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dracodinium was differentiated from Wetzeliella in lacking an apical horn on the pericyst, although there could be a slight protuberance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subsequent authors (e.g. Williams & Downie 1966 by implication and Lentin & Williams 1976) considered Dracodinium to be a taxonomic junior synonym of Wetzeliella. But Costa & Downie (1979) and Lentin & Williams (1989) retained Dracodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Gocht (1955) differentiated Rhombodinium from Wetzeliella on its lack of ornamentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Alberti (1961) considered Rhombodinium to be a subgenus of Wetzeliella, but subsequent authors (e.g. Lentin & Williams 1977) retained Rhombodinium at generic rank."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The genus Kisselevia, although originally invalidly proposed (as Kisselovia) by Vozzhennikova (1963), was validated by Vozzhennikova (1967) (see Fensome and Williams 2004 for nomenclatural history)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Vozzhennikova’s (1963) concept appears to have encompassed forms that we would now consider as wetzelielloideans with a smooth or reticulate wall, with or without spinules “in modal connections” (based on translation in Stover and Evitt 1978, p. 110)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Vozzhennikova (1967) restricted Kisselevia to forms with a reticulate or reticulate-spinose wall (based on translation in Stover and Evitt 1978, p. 110–111)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Stover and Evitt (1978, p. 111) stated that “Kisselovia [i.e. Kisselevia] differs from Wetzeliella in having all or some of the intratabular groups of processes covered by pieces of ectophragm whose outlines approximate the shapes of paraplates."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "” Stover and Evitt’s concept was thus somewhat different from Vozzhennikova’s, and after restudy of the type, Lentin & Vozzhennikova (1989) restricted the genus to forms with a reticulate periphragm and neither processes nor ectophragm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "For wetzelielloideans with processes connected distally by trabeculae or ectophragm, Lentin & Vozzhennikova proposed the genus Charlesdowniea."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0139__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Lentin & Williams (1976) erected Wilsonidium for wetzelielloideans with sutural ornamentation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the same year, Costa & Downie (1976) erected Apectodinium as a subgenus of Wetzeliella on the basis of a pericoel that was absent or restricted to the bases of the horns, a thin endophragm, identical periarchaeopyle and endoarchaeopyle, and an overall size less than other taxa within the Wetzeliella group (i.e. the Wetzelielloideae)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Apectodinium was raised to generic rank by Lentin and Williams (1977)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As Apectodinium has a pivotal place in the present discussion, we discuss it further in a separate section below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The proposal of Gochtodinium by Bujak (1979) is especially significant in that it was the first genus in the group to be based on archaeopyle morphology, in this case a soleiform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, Lentin and Vozzhennikova (1989, p. 219) stated that they could not accept a genus based solely on the presence of a soleiform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Oddly, in inadvertent support of our position, Lentin and Vozzhennikova additionally stated that “… it appears that the presence of a soleiform archaeopyle is an intraspecific variation which may be stratigraphically controlled …."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "” Unrecognized at the time is that the type of Wetzeliella, an Oligocene specimen, also has a soleiform archaeopyle (RAF personal observation), and so we also consider Gochtodinium to be a taxonomic junior synonym of Wetzeliella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In Fensome et al. ( 2009), the present authors erected two genera Talladinium and Axiodinium, based in large part on archaeopyle morphology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0140__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Thus, prior to our 2015 paper, wetzelielloidean genera were based on a variety of criteria, ranging from wall structure to archaeopyle type, but we see no “well-established conventions” or “basic principle of hierarchy in morphological variation”. And what do Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 1) intend when they recommend that “we propose to retain the generic definitions of Wetzelielloideae that existed prior to the revisions by Williams et al. ("}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2015) until a revision supported by the community is available”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Which particular prior definitions do they mean? Presumably they would not accept the new genera (Axiodinium and Talladinium) proposed in Fensome et al. ( 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a similar vein, Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 2) state: “Taxonomic definitions at the generic level are made predominantly based on specific morphologic and geometric features (such as cyst outline, cavation, number of wall layers, process outline and distribution, plate and/or sutural ornamentation, etc.), with the archaeopyle type being a consequence of geometry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Williams et al. ( 2015) broke with this convention because they specifically consider [sic] archaeopyle type to be an indicator for phylogeny.” On the contrary, using archaeopyle morphology to define higher level taxa (i.e. above species) seems to us a well-trodden path among dinoflagellate-cyst taxa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "That archaeopyle morphology had largely not been used to define wetzelielloidean genera would seem more the exception to us."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0141__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Tabulation is fundamental to higher-level classification among fossil dinoflagellates, but among forms with a similar overall tabulation, aspects of archaeopyle developments or its reflection in particular plates, has commonly proven critical, as demonstrated in Fensome et al. ("}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1993)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Take, for example, the goniodomacean genera Homotryblium and Hystrichosphaeridium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If one relied on ornamentation for generic differentiation, species of these two genera would be included in a single genus, with Hystrichosphaeridium being senior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the genera can be distinguished through the development of an apical archaeopyle in Hystrichosphaeridium and an epicystal archaeopyle in Homotryblium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consider how much stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental information would be lost if the two genera were not separated (Dybkjaer 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Among the peridiniaceans, genera in the subfamily Deflandreoideae are widely defined by archaeopyle size and shape, a reflection of the nature of the second anterior intercalary (2a) plate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example Chatangiella is defined by an omegaform hexa 2a plate, Alterbidinium by an iso-to stenodeltaform 2a, Cerodinium by an iso-deltaform 2a, Deflandrea by a latideltaform 2a, and Lentinia by a very large isodeltaform 2a."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These archaeopyle traits clearly have biostratigraphic, and surely evolutionary, significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "That the archaeopyle shape consistently reflects geometry is also belied by the fact that some specimens otherwise attributable to Chatangiella (with broad “shoulders”) have a deltaform hexa archaeopyle, not an omegaform one (GLW and RAF unpublished observations)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p.2) contend that we “applied the basic assumption that the archaeopyle type directly reflects the shape of the plate(s) involved”, citing Harland (1982) as proof of this statement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0142__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, Harland was studying protoperidinioids, which are notoriously variable in tabulation and archaeopyle development."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While we accept that archaeopyles may not reflect the shape of equivalent plates on the motile stage in some cases, surely the archaeopyle type must to some extent reflect plate dimensions and shape."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, it is hard to visualize a latiepeliform archaeopyle representing loss of a plate of identical dimensions to that of a hyperepeliform archaeopyle. And even if, for example, a soleiform archaeopyle does not exactly match the shape of the 2a plate in the motile cell, why could this not be a valid generic and phylogenetic criterion in itself, as its stratigraphic distribution clearly suggests to us that it is? Another argument advanced by Bijl et al. is that the use of the archaeopyle splits otherwise identical taxa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 2) state that… “subtle differences in outline and ornament between Charlesdowniea columna and Charlesdowniea coleothrypta makes it difficult to separate them from one another ….” In the context of the current discussion, Daniel Michoux (personal communication) has stated that he disagrees with Bijl et al. ’s statement “… referring to the differences in outline and ornament between Charlesdowniea columna and Charlesdowniea coleothrypta as ‘subtle’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As the author of C. columna, I consider the difference to be perfectly clear and these two species easy to distinguish."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0143__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "” ( Any future discussion about these two species should also involve the closely similar species Wetzeliella? clathrata, which we consider to have a soleiform archaeopyle.)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144", "paragraph_index": 144, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In actuality our proposals should simplify differentiation, since the primary distinguishing feature would be recognizing whether the archaeopyle is equiepeliform or latiepeliform or, in the case of Wetzeliella? clathrata, soleiform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The problem of clearly separating species is widespread among fossil dinoflagellates and is equally true if criteria such as ornamentation, wall structure, pericoel development and the degree of expression of tabulation are involved; all have been used to define wetzelielloidean genera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our revised concepts highlight this issue anew, but do not make it a greater or lesser problem in general."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 4) make the sweeping statement: “We now observe very chaotic, inconsistent genus and species concepts, in which species with the same wall features are placed in multiple genera just because of a slight, non-diagnostic difference in archaeopyle type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "” This might be a valid criticism point if both Charlesdowniea (now Piladinium) columna and Charlesdowniea coleothrypta had the same stratigraphic distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, a single specimen should never be used to determine the age of the assemblage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In such cases, if most specimens show one type of archaeopyle and its occurrence is consistent with the ranges of other markers in the assemblage, wouldn’t it would be biostratigraphically useful to make the split based on archaeopyle style?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0144__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 2) end their section 2.1 with the confusing sentence: “Regardless of our concerns, the revision of taxonomic concepts to accommodate just one subfamily seems an illogical step if the taxonomic concepts applied towards the other dinoflagellate cyst groups remain the same.” Their contention (p. 6) that “… the cyst-wall morphology [is] in practice a much more practical criterion for taxonomic differentiation than archaeopyle type, and more in line with that within other families” is in our experience untrue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145", "paragraph_index": 145, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Just as Evitt (1981) famously wrote “… dinoflagellates did it differently …”, so each “group” within the dinoflagellates “did it differently” ― one “size” does not fit all."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( Bijl et al. mix “subfamilies” and “groups” in the quoted sentence; we will use “group” in the sense of any combination of genera that have been identified as constituting a family, subfamily or less formally recognized set of genera with similar morphology … for example, the areoligeraceans Cyclonephelium, Tenua, Cerbia, Circulodinium, Cassidium, Canningia and Canninginopsis could be considered the Cyclonephelium group.) Thus, for a group like the subfamily Palaeoperidinioideae, which expresses an extremely stable standard peridinialean tabulation, genera are defined on the number and arrangement of plates involved in archaeopyle formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example Chichaouadinium is based on the removal of the 2a plate and the incomplete separation of all surrounding plates, whereas Palaeoperidinium is based on the removal of all dorsal plates on the epicyst in a single opercular piece or as a flap adnate at the cingulum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the Cyclonephelium group, or indeed the family Areoligeraceae as a whole, not only is the tabulation extremely stable but so too is the nature of the archaeopyle; so for classification we have no choice but to resort to features of the wall structure and ornamentation for generic definitions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It seems obvious to us that evaluating separate groups on their own internal merits leads to both a more practical generic breakdown and a potentially more phylogenetically meaningful one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In Williams et al. ( 2015) we defined Apectodinium as wetzelielloidean cysts with an equiepeliform archaeopyle, periphragm and endophragm thin and appressed except sometimes under the horns, and a pericyst with processes that are distally free."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To differentiate circumcavate, thicker-walled forms with an equiepeliform archaeopyle Fensome et al. ( 2009) erected the genus Axiodinium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0145__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Costa and Downie (1976, p. 608) considered Apectodinium to be “related to the original stock from which most other wetzelielloid species derived”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146", "paragraph_index": 146, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The genus is an enigma."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As noted by Bijl et al. ( 2016), the archaeopyle of Apectodinium can be variable, sometimes including the 4” plate and also sometimes being adnate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is not surprising that if the 4” plate can be involved in archaeopyle formation in Apectodinium, that the operculum could be adnate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In their critique of Williams et al. ( 2015), Bijl et al. place particular emphasis on Apectodinium, although this genus is atypical of the subfamily as a whole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The problem is perhaps that Apectodinium, as the probable precursor to other wetzelielloideans, was “experimenting” with the mode of archaeopyle formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similar experimentation is also shown by palaeoperidinioideans in the Albian to early Cenomanian, where otherwise morphologically similar genera such as Luxadinium, Laciniadinium, Ovoidinium and Epelidosphaeridia, show variability in the archaeopyle type and the presence of a free versus attached operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In terms of attached versus free opercula, Williams et al. ( 2015) were incorrect in making the statement that the operculum in equiepeliform, hyperepeliform and latiepeliform archaeopyle types is always unattached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0146__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We now consider the degree of detachment of the operculum is variable, as demonstrated by Iakovleva (2016)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 1, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147", "paragraph_index": 147, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, we accept the modified definitions of the archaeopyle types proposed by Iakovleva, who emphasized that the soleiform type involves an archaeopyle formed by a generally inverted omegaform 2a plate, with the operculum consistently attached anteriorly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That cysts at various stages of excystment must be preserved explains why in some cysts an archaeopyle does not appear to be present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is obviously variability in the outline of the archaeopyle in Apectodinium, which is why we had difficulty in deciding how to fit it into the overall scheme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The specimens of Apectodinium hyperacanthum illustrated in Bijl et al. with the attached operculum would remain in Apectodinium following the redefinition of the epeliform archaeopyle by Iakovleva (2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This emendation is also applicable to the hyperepeliform and the latiepeliform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "But the soleiform archaeopyle is unique, again following Iakovleva’s findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One of the main criticisms that Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 1)) make regarding Williams et al. ( 2015) is that the paper “… unnecessarily erects and emends many new genera and species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "” In fact, we proposed only three new species and did not emend any existing ones, but we acknowledge that 13 new genera is a lot for a single paper."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0147__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The logic for creating so many genera was to provide a framework for testing the validity of the model in which we consider archaeopyle type as the first order hierarchical character."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148", "paragraph_index": 148, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our approach did not nullify the importance of surface ornamentation at the generic level; we did indeed use ornament type and arrangement, as well as wall structure, as secondary criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another concern that Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 4) express is that “The orientation of the cyst relative to the plane of view poses a serious limitation on the practicality of the proposed criteria underlying the revision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "” Well-orientated specimens are a key asset in species assignment, regardless of which morphologic features are diagnostic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This problem is demonstrated in the two specimens illustrated in Williams et al. ( 2015, pl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1, fig. 15 and pl. 2, figs. 15–16); following previous criteria used to separate species of the wetzelielloideans, these specimens would be included in the same species, or at least the same genus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0148__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "But taking into account the nature of the archeopyle, one specimen is assignable to Sophismatia (pl. 1, figs.15) and the other to Sagenodinium franciscanum (pl.2, fig.15–16)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149", "paragraph_index": 149, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Orientation to reveal key morphologic features is more of a problem in some fossil dinoflagellate genera than others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the wetzelielloideans, the dorso-ventral compression of most specimens determines that when mounted on a slide, they will be orientated predominantly in that plane. If there is some doubt about one specimen, another specimen of the same species can be sought."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since ages are rarely based on single specimens, this should not pose an insurmountable problem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similar problems occur in other dinoflagellate-cyst taxa: witness the difficulty of confirming the identity of species of Batiacasphaera when they are orientated so that the archaeopyle looks precingular."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Recognition of wetzelielloideans that do not appear to have an archaeopyle can be frustrating, but usually a few with some indication of an opening can be found on a slide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There may be an explanation for this paucity of specimens in some samples that do not appear to have an archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One possibility is that most or all of the specimens possess a soleiform archaeopyle and the operculum has fallen back into place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Another is that the sea floor in shallow marine paleoenvironments was anoxic, and therefore prevented excystment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Regarding the specimen illustrated in Williams et al. ( 2015, pl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0149__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "1, fig."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150", "paragraph_index": 150, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2), Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 4) state that “The oblique polar view results in an underestimation of the height of the archaeopyle relative to its width, giving the impression of an equiepeliform archaeopyle”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A primary feature of the equiepeliform archaeopyle is that it does not extend into the apical pericoel, unlike the hyperepeliform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this specimen, we thought that the archaeopyle did not extend into the apical pericoel, but we could have been wrong in our interpretation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Observations on other morphologically similar specimens in the same assemblage would solve this riddle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016) also objected to emphasis on archaeopyle type because it is difficult to consistently see the details of this feature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This can be due to: poor optical contrast; orientation; lack of penitabular or parasutural ornamentation; too many processes; partial adnation; some cysts not having excysted; quality of preservation; and the presence of obscuring debris."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These are universal concerns in studies of all fossil dinoflagellate groups but can usually be overcome with patience in searching for other specimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0150__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016, p. 1) state that our proposals will “... lead to profound reduction of the stratigraphic applicability of many marker species….” Firstly, Bijl et al."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 6], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151", "paragraph_index": 151, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "are confusing taxonomy with stratigraphy. And secondly, generic assignments rarely have an impact on stratigraphic ranges of species, with the exception of such species as Wetzeliella articulata, as discussed below. As Williams et al. ( 2015) did not generally modify species or species concepts, nothing has changed to affect stratigraphic ranges of most of the species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Admittedly, the refinement of generic concepts will make some species more tightly constrained morphologically; for example Wetzeliella articulata should now have a shorter range than previously assessed, but this still has to be tested because the current generally published range is based in part on what we would now consider misidentifications."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We fail to understand why tighter morphological circumscriptions leading to potentially more restricted stratigraphic ranges would be detrimental to biostratigraphy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The ranges of the bulk of wetzelielloidean species remain the same: no one would argue that, for example, Apectodinium augustum has a well-defined, restricted stratigraphic range (whether as Apectodinium or Axiodinium)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "What strikes us most is that the majority of species have not been transferred from their previous generic assignments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0151__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2006, p. 1) fault Williams et al. ( 2015) for “…not introducing any new stratigraphic markers in replacement.” However, the intent of our paper was not to introduce stratigraphic markers but to present a new taxonomic treatment for the Wetzelielloideae, emphasizing the variations in archaeopyle type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152", "paragraph_index": 152, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We understand that it might be considered annoying to have to change generic names for species that are well embedded in zonation schemes. Does this mean that there should be a moratorium on taxonomic treatments of such names? In our view, wetzelielloidean taxonomy prior to our 2015 revision was not serving applications such as biostratigraphy well, and needed an overhaul using the full range of morphological criteria in a coherent and internally consistent scheme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We continue to think that our scheme, with thoughtful modifications such as those introduced by Iakovleva (2016), will achieve this goal if sincerely tested."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To substantiate some of their points regarding the supposed impracticability of the revisions to the Wetzelielloideae proposed by Williams et al. ( 2015), Bijl et al. ( 2016) include two plates; however, some of the specimens illustrated seem to be of questionable value in making their case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The specimens illustrated in Bijl et al. ( 2016, pl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0152__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1, figs. 1–3) are all considered to belong to Rhombodinium porosum but apparently show variability in archaeopyle type ranging from “hypersoleiform to ? epeliform”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153", "paragraph_index": 153, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first problem is that Williams et al. ( 2015) used the term equiepeliform archaeopyle rather than epeliform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The second concern is that both the specimens shown in their plate 1, figures 1–2 have soleiform archaeopyles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 3 appears to be latiepeliform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it is unusual in that the operculum may still be attached but pushed into the endocyst."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Are these three specimens from the same sample and is there any evidence of reworking?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Their plate 1, figures 4–6 purport to show specimens of Apectodinium that possess an archaeopyle involving the 4” plate as well as the 2a plate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, we do not find that plate 1, figures 4 and 5 convincingly show the involvement of the 4” plate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Moreover, the nature of the archaeopyle of the specimen illustrated in plate 1, figure 6 is difficult to determine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Plate 1, figures 7 and 8 are specimens of Wetzeliella symmetrica, the former with a soleiform and the latter with a “(slightly?) hypersoleiform archaeopyle” respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0153__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We consider that figure 8 shows a specimen with a soleiform archaeopyle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154", "paragraph_index": 154, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But regardless, it seems to be splitting hairs to regard it as “(slightly?) hypersoleiform”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 9 does not show a specimen with a posteriorly attached operculum but rather one with an anteriorly attached operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bijl et al. ( 2016) assign the specimens illustrated in plate 1, figures 10 and 11 to Rhombodinium draco, but state (in the caption, p. 3) that they “should be considered a (new?) species of Rhadinodinium according to Williams et al. ( 2015)” and that the “archaeopyle [in their figure 10] shows clear signs of rupture of the (likely) once soleiform archaeopyle."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When it becomes questionable whether an operculum is secondarily ruptured or primarily attached/detached, speciation on a genus level becomes impossible if too much emphasis is given to the archaeopyle type for classification”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First of all the authors are implying that one has to confirm the archaeopyle type in every specimen seen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Secondly, many genera among fossil dinoflagellates rely on recognition of the archaeopyle before they can be identified: examples are Hystrichosphaeridium and Homotryblium, Exochosphaeridium and Pervosphaeridium, and Spinidinium and Chichaouadinium. And some genera are difficult to name unless you have an apical or lateral orientation; an example is Batiacasphaera, which in most views, as noted previously, looks as though it has a precingular archaeopyle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0154__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In their plate 2, Bijl et al."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155", "paragraph_index": 155, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "illustrate specimens “that do not clearly show an archaeopyle type and, therefore, are impossible to classify on the genus level using the proposed taxonomic concepts of Williams et al. ( 2015).” Again, how many times do you clearly discern an archaeopyle in a single specimen, even though it may be the key to its classification?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The archaeopyle may not be developed because there was no excystment or it may be difficult to determine the type because of the orientation of the specimen, or because the operculum is partially attached (as highlighted by Iakovleva 2016) and has fallen back into place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their plate 2, figures 1 and 2 are identified as Apectodinium homomorphum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This species tends to be common to abundant in samples, so determination of archaeopyle type should not pose a problem. And under light microscopy, the thin-walled endocyst and its adherence to the pericyst, except where underlying the horns, would immediately reveal its identity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We agree that, as illustrated, plate 2, figure 3 is impossible to speciate, although Bijl et al. label it as Apectodinium homomorphum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As we have stated above, this species is common in some assemblages, especially around the Paleocene–Eocene boundary, so finding specimens that show an archaeopyle should not be difficult in a productive sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We think that the specimens illustrated in figures 4 and 5 have soleiform archaeopyles, but the quality of the illustrations precludes positive confirmation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0155__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Other specimens in the sample would probably provide the needed evidence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156", "paragraph_index": 156, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The operculum is not posteriorly attached, as it should never be in this category Following Williams et al. ( 2015), we would include the specimen illustrated in Bijl et al. ’s plate 2, figure 6 in Vallodinium, even though the operculum is still in place: that is because the 2a plate in this specimen is clearly equiepeliform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Iakovleva (2016) has demonstrated, the operculum can be attached in the equiepeliform group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The archaeopyle of the specimen illustrated in plate 2, figures 7–9 and identified as Wetzeliella symmetrica looks latiepeliform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That being so, the specimen should not be in situ in the Oligocene and thus may be reworked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We wonder if there are any other specimens with similar morphology in the sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "One wonders how many palynologists would agree with the assignment of the specimens illustrated in plate 2, figures 4–5, 7–10 to Wetzeliella symmetrica."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Enhancing the stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental value of fossils are major goals of paleontologists, and most accept that taxonomy should be supportive of those pursuits while at the same time reflecting phylogenetic relationships insofar as possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To achieve such a meaningful and internally coherent subdivision of a group (e.g. subfamily) a consistent hierarchy of factors is required, as is the need for flexibility of criteria between groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "That said, taxonomy should never be considered “written in stone”; taxonomy is a subjective pursuit, and no individual practitioner is obliged to follow the schemes proposed by colleagues (in contrast to nomenclature, which has definite rules that must be followed)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0156__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Thus, Bijl et al. ("}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2061", "paragraph_id": "triad_2061__response__p0157", "paragraph_index": 157, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0157__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2016) are free to use whatever taxonomic scheme they prefer. What is apparent and disappointing to us is that they wrote their paper opposing our long-considered ideas without trying them out ― a few months is obviously not enough time to test what we agree is a new approach to the wetzelielloidean taxonomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0157__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, they imply that they are speaking for a broader community, writing (p. 1) that “… we propose to retain the generic definitions of Wetzelielloideae that existed prior to the revisions by Williams et al. ( 2015), until a revision supported by the community is available” [underline added here]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2061__response__p0157__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Who would be a member of the community that would give approval to any future taxonomic proposals for the Wetzelielloideae and what are the necessary qualifications for membership of said community? Of course it is the most fundamental tenet of science that ideas be reviewed, debated, and if necessary rejected. But in our view, taxonomic ideas need to be properly tested over time; and new ideas should be encouraged, regardless of whether or not they are eventually followed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2061/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2164283065_W2518159018_W2576196938", "triad_name": "triad_2061", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2061__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is the seventh leading cause of death (Aubert, Herman, Waters, Moore, Sutton, Peterson et al., 1998), and the cost of medical care is $100 billion annually (Caravalho & Saylor, 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Approximately 15 million adults are living with diabetes, and the prevalence rates have continued to escalate over the past decade, with racial/ethnic minority populations suffering a disproportionate burden of disease (McBean, Li, Gilbertson, & Collins, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "African-Americans are twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes than whites, and are more likely to have poorly controlled diabetes and diabetic complications such as blindness, end-stage renal disease and limb amputation (Bonds, Zaccaro, Karter, Selby, Saad, & Goff, 2003; Gary, McGuire, McCauley, & Brancati, 2004; Harris, 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "African-Americans are also more likely to have uncontrolled co-morbid conditions such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which increases the complexity of disease management (Brancati, Kao, Folsom, Watson, & Szklo, 2000; Heisler, Smith, Hayward, Krein, & Kerr, 2003; Jha, Varosy, Kanaya, Hunninghake, Hlatky, Waters et al., 2003; Nelson, Norris, & Mangione, 2002)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Positive patient-provider relationships can facilitate diabetes management and potentially reduce diabetes disparities (Greenfield, Kaplan, Ware, Yano, & Frank, 1988; Stewart, 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Persons with diabetes who participate in shared decision-making (where patients actively participate in healthcare discussions and decisions with their physicians) have greater diabetes self-efficacy, participate more in diabetes self-management, and are more likely to adhere to plans of care (Benbassat, Pilpel, & Tidhar, 1998)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Shared decision-making (SDM) has been positively associated with improved diabetes control, enhanced preventive care utilization, lowered blood pressure, fewer hospitalizations, and increased patient satisfaction (Adams, Smith, & Ruffin, 2001; Greenfield, Kaplan, & Ware, 1985; Greenfield, Kaplan, Ware et al., 1988; Lerman, Brody, Caputo, Smith, Lazaro, & Wolfson, 1990; Stewart, Brown, Donner, McWhinney, Oates, Weston et al., 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In its report Crossing the Quality Chasm, the Institute of Medicine stressed the importance of patients having \"the education and support they require to make decisions and participate in their own care\" (Richardson, Berwick, Bisgard, Bristow, Buck, Cassel et al., 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since then, SDM has been increasingly advocated by healthcare providers and organizations (Davidson, Powers, Hedayat, Tieszen, Kon, Shepard et al., 2007; Larson, Fihn, Kirk, Levinson, Loge, Reynolds et al., 2004; Michel & Moss, 2005; Richardson, Berwick, Bisgard et al., 2001; Sheridan, Harris, & Woolf, 2004; van der Weijden, van Veenendaal, & Timmermans, 2007)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unfortunately, results from previous studies show that racial/ethnic minority patients are more likely to experience barriers to communication in patient/physician communication (e.g. shared decision making) as compared to white patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, African-Americans are more likely to rate their physicians as less participatory than whites, even when controlling for socioeconomic status and duration of the patient-provider relationship (Cooper-Patrick, Gallo, Soc Sci Med."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2011 July 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Manuscript Gonzales, Vu, Powe, Nelson et al., 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Analyses of audio-taped clinic visits document that African-Americans experience shorter outpatient visits and less positive clinical encounters with white physicians including less respect, responsiveness and listening than their white patient peers (Cooper, Roter, Johnson, Ford, Steinwachs, & Powe, 2003; Johnson, Roter, Powe, & Cooper, 2004; Levinson, Hudak, Feldman, Frankel, Kuby, Bereknyei et al., 2008; Oliver, Goodwin, Gotler, Gregory, & Stange, 2001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Yet, studies examining patients' perceptions of how race affects shared decision-making are limited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Research in fields outside of medicine suggests that race plays a significant role in communication patterns and interpersonal interactions between African-Americans and whites, particularly in situations of perceived power differences, such as interactions with law enforcement (e.g. police officers, judges, lawyers), commercial retail (e.g. store clerks and restaurant staff) and financial agents (e.g. bank tellers, loan officers) (Gamble, 1997; Purdie-Vaughns, Steele, Davies, Ditlmann, & Crosby, 2008)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, it is likely that a similar paradigm exists for African-Americans' perceptions about communication patterns with physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Jacobs et al. explored physician trust among African-Americans, and noted that trusting relationships were important to some aspects of patient communication, including openness and honesty with one's physician, and decisions to follow treatment recommendations (Jacobs, Rolle, Ferrans, Whitaker, & Warnecke, 2006)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is also an extensive literature about African-Americans' perceptions about their treatment within healthcare settings, including issues of disrespect and discrimination (Blandhard & Lurie, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "African-Americans are more likely to report experiencing racial discrimination within healthcare than other racial/ethnic groups, with reports ranging from 13-69% in comparison to 1-2% of whites (Ren, Amick, & Williams, 1999; Bird & Bogart, 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Perceived discrimination in healthcare is positively correlated with poor health including depression, self-rated health, days spent unwell in bed, and hypertension (Krieger & Stephen, 1996; Ren, Amick, & Williams, 1999; Bird, Bogart, & Delahanty, 2004)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Self-reports of discrimination have been associated with delays in prescription medication utilization and medical testing/treatment, indicating that such experiences represent an additional barrier to accessing healthcare (Bird, Bogart, & Delahanty, 2004; Van Houtven, Voils, Oddone, Weinfurt, Friedman, Schulman et al., 2005)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study utilized qualitative methodologies to examine the perceptions of African-American patients with diabetes about the influence of race on patient/physician communication and shared decision-making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This investigation was guided by SDM models that contain 3 domains (Charles, Gafni, & Whelan, 1997; Peek, Quinn, Gorawara-Bhat, Odoms-Young, Wilson, & Chin, 2008):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Information-sharing: The bidirectional exchange of information between patients and their physicians about symptoms, diagnoses and lifestyle issues relevant to choosing a treatment plan."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients feel empowered to \"tell their story\" and have their concerns validated, and physicians provide information using \"layman's terms\" and in ways that promote patient understanding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Deliberation/Physician recommendation: Physician recommendations for treatment plans are grounded in full disclosure of all treatment options."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ideally, patient preferences for treatment are elicited and discussed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Decision-making: Patients and physicians arrive at a treatment plan."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The process has been conceptualized as a joint endeavor that results in mutual agreement about the plan of care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, some patients who want a shared role in decision-making may exercise their decisions behaviorally (i.e. adhering or non-adhering to physician recommendations)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study suggests that race-related barriers may exist to shared decision-making between African-American patients and their physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Finding innovative ways to address such communication barriers and enhance SDM among African-Americans is an important area of research. Because barriers to shared decision-making may exist for patients and providers alike (Peek, Wilson, Gorawara-Bhat, Odoms-Young, Quinn, & Chin, 2009), communication strategies should be developed for both groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Extending cultural competency training and general communication training for physicians to address potential race-related barriers to SDM has the potential to enhance shared decision-making among African-Americans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While patient communication interventions can be effective, only one study has examined the efficacy of such an intervention among African-Americans and it had no demonstrable effect (although it increased patient communication among whites), a finding the authors attribute to the intervention's lack of cultural appropriateness (Greenfield, Kaplan, Ware, Yano, & Frank, 1988; Post, Cegala, & Marinelli, 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of diabetes interventions indicate that culturally-tailoring interventions and incorporating behavioral and pyschosocial strategies (versus information transfer alone) have the potential for greater effectiveness (Peek, Cargill, & Huang, 2007; Peyrot, 1999; Anderson, Funnell, Butler, Arnold, Fitzgerald, & Feste, 1995; Brown, 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A recent study reported an increase in diabetes self- efficacy among Hispanic Americans when family members were used to support communication efforts with physicians (Coffman, 2008)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, culturally-tailored communication training for patients may be an effective strategy for increasing SDM among African-Americans with diabetes, particularly if it incorporates patient beliefs and cultural norms, and addresses potential issues of internalized racism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methods for this qualitative study have been described in detail elsewhere (Peek, Quinn, Gorawara-Bhat et al., 2008), but are summarized here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We used a phenomenologic research method that included in-depth, individual semi-structured interviews (n=24) and 5 focus groups (n=27) among African-Americans with diabetes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consistent with guidelines of qualitative methodology, we conducted data collection and analysis simultaneously, and continued enrollment until theme saturation was met (Glaser & Strauss, 1967)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A moderator/interviewer experienced in discussing health topics and interpersonal communication was matched to patients on race/ethnicity (Anderson, Barr, Edwards, Funnell, Fitzgerald, & Wisdom, 1996; Jackson, 1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Each focus group consisted of 5-6 people and lasted approximately 90 minutes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Individual interviews lasted approximately 60 minutes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After receiving approval from our institution's research ethics committee (the Institutional Review Board), study participants were recruited using criterion sampling (Patton, 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eligible patients included African-Americans with diabetes, ≥ 21 years old who had an established relationship with an attending primary care physician at an academic practice in Chicago, Illinois."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients were randomly identified and up to three attempts were made to contact them via telephone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, culturally-appropriate, low-literacy recruitment materials advertising the study were posted in the clinic waiting room and examination rooms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Study participants received a $15 gift card to a local grocery store as an incentive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patient sociodemographic and clinical information was collected via self-administered surveys immediately prior to the interviews, and was collected anonymously in the focus groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Interviews were conducted between September 2006 and February 2007 (response rate of study participation invitations: 67%) and focus groups were conducted between January 2007 and March 2007 (response rate: 57%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Topic guides were created with the goal of exploring the following: patient definitions and perceptions of shared decision-making, barriers and facilitators of SDM, and the perceived influence of race/culture on SDM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The guides were informed by constructs of the Charles SDM model (Charles, Gafni, & Whelan, 1997, 1999; Montori, Gafni, & Charles, 2006), the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and the Ecological Model (McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, & Glanz, 1988), pilot-tested, and modified in an iterative way."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The guide consisted of a list of open-ended questions and follow-up probes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Queries about race began with the question 'Do you think that race affects people's relationships with their doctors?' and followed with probes such as 'How exactly might race affect the relationship?' and 'Do you think it matters if the doctor is black or not?' We also asked for situational examples (i.e. 'Can you tell me a situation where race played a role [either good or bad] in communicating with the doctor?'), comparative impressions (e.g. 'Do you think it's easier, harder, or the same for blacks to talk with their doctors compared to whites?' and 'Do you think that doctors treat African-American patients, in general, the same, better, or worse than white patients?'), and SDM barriers and facilitators (e.g. What suggestions would you give to African-Americans who are having trouble 'speaking up' to their doctors?)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Individual interviews and focus groups were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and imported into Atlas.ti 4.2 software."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A team of five investigators with experience in medicine, public health, and psychology independently reviewed and coded the first transcript, met to discuss codes, and created uniform coding guidelines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subsequently, each transcript was independently coded by two randomly assigned reviewers who then met to discuss coding and address discrepancies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Remaining differences were resolved by the entire group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A codebook was developed using an iterative process where modifications were made to the codes, themes, and concepts that arose from new transcripts (Morgan, 1997)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The focus groups were subsequently coded in a similar fashion and analyzed separately from the in-depth interviews for additional codes and themes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Related themes from the analysis were used to develop a conceptual model for understanding the relationship between race and shared decision-making."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The majority of study participants were female (82%) and approximately half were 40 to 65 years old (Table)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sixty percent of study participants had completed at least \"some college\", nearly half the study participants were retired and approximately half had private insurance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No statistically significant demographic differences existed between participants in the in- depth interviews and the focus groups, although participants in the in-depth interviews tended to be older (mean age 66 years vs. 59 years)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The average duration of diabetes was 14 years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants had a variety of views regarding the perceived relevance of race to shared decision- making and the attributed source of potential race-related communication problems (i.e. patient, physician or socioeconomic)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, dominant themes and patterns emerged within each interview type (in-depth interviews or focus groups) about race and SDM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Whereas the majority of the in-depth interview participants reported that race did not play an important role in patient/provider communication, participants in the focus groups perceived race as a significant factor in such communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Detailed themes that emerged using each methodology are discussed below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Relevance of Race-The majority of participants in the in-depth interviews (85%) reported that race did not influence patient/provider communication or shared decision-making."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Many participants framed their comments in terms of what should occur in an ideal relationship between patients and their physicians, rather than what actually does occur."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "\"They are doctors… if they are doctors to take care or soothe whatever the problem is, then it doesn't make a difference who [the patient] is-black or white.\" ( 80 year old woman with 3 co-morbid illnesses)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None of the participants reported personally experiencing discrimination or other negative race-related encounters, although most acknowledged that they had \"heard about such things\", either through their own social networks or \"the media\"."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants described race-related issues that may affect patient and physician communicating patterns, and be a barrier to active patient involvement in shared decision-making."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although a range of viewpoints were expressed in both focus groups and in-depth interviews, different themes predominated in these two settings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Within the in-depth interviews, patients were more likely to report that race does not influence patient/provider communication, and among those stating that race may affect communication, patient factors (e.g. limited health knowledge, \"bad attitudes\" and internalized racism) were thought to be barriers to SDM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No one reported experiencing negative race-related communication encounters or discrimination (although many reported hearing about such occurrences), and most believed that their self-efficacy and communication style accounted for their success at shared decision-making."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, the majority of patients in the focus groups indicated that race does influence patient/physician communication and shared decision-making, and primarily described physician factors (e.g. discrimination and cultural discordance) as the origin of communication disparities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within every focus group, participants discussed negative communication encounters between white physicians and themselves, family members and/or close friends that they attributed to race."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reasons for the difference in the predominance of themes between the focus groups and the in-depth interviews are unclear, but likely reflect an array of complex sociopolitical and interpersonal dynamics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the differential dynamics of one-on-one versus group encounters could have played a significant role (Lewin & Gullickson, 1997)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Despite the use of a race- concordant interviewer and assurances of confidentiality, participants in the in-depth interviews may have felt uncomfortable discussing topics potentially portraying their physician unfavorably, particularly with a researcher affiliated with the health system in which they received their care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In such settings, participants may have felt more compelled to conform to societal norms about patient perceptions of care (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast, focus group participants may have felt more anonymous and more empowered, within a group of persons with similar backgrounds, to speak more openly about healthcare experiences, particularly after someone else had \"normalized\" and validated perceptions of discrimination within the group (Kitzinger, 1994; Morgan, 1995)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, our findings may be interpreted in light of Attribution Theory, wherein people explain, or attribute, their own and others' behaviors in ways that help maintain a positive self-image (Bem, 1972)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Persons who have negative experiences are likely to assign external causation (i.e. environmental factors), and persons with positive experiences are likely to assign an internal causation (i.e. personal attributes) (Bem, 1972; Jones & Davis, 1965; Kelley, 1967)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We found that persons who denied having negative communication experiences usually attributed their successful interactions to their own self-efficacy, and often attributed negative communication encounters of others to patient-related factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similarly, persons who reported negative race-related communication experiences (all of which were reported within focus groups) were usually persons who attributed communication disparities externally to physician-related factors such as discrimination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This external attribution may have been reinforced by group dynamics wherein group norms prohibit the attribution of responsibility to a given member of the group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, differences in ages between interview and focus group participants may partially explain our findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants in the focus groups were somewhat younger than those in the in-depth interviews."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Previous studies have shown that African- Americans that grew up during the civil rights era have more racial centrality/group identification than African- Americans born prior to World War II (Jackson, 1987)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Researchers have shown that racial centrality/group identification is positively associated with reports of perceived discrimination, and thus, generational differences may account for some of the higher reporting of negative communication experiences and discrimination within the focus groups (Sellers & Shelton, 2003)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regardless of the reasons for the differential predominance of themes between the focus groups and the in-depth interviews, our participants identified a range of patient and physician-related factors that may lower the quality of patient/physician communication and be a barrier to shared decision-making between African-American patients and their physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Many participants perceived these race-related communication barriers as being rooted in issues of discrimination, cultural discordance and internalized racism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to fully understand the relationship between race and shared decision-making, it is important to place it within the larger context of race and health within the U.S. Jones developed a framework for understanding how race and racism contribute to health disparities (Jones, 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This framework consists of three levels of racism-institutionalized, personally- mediated, and internalized racism (Jones, 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Institutionalized racism, defined as \"differential access to the goods, service and opportunities of society by race\" (Jones, 2000), has had manifestations within the field of medicine that include unethical experimentation (Gamble, 1997; Washington, 2006), disparities in healthcare (Hasnain-Wynia, Baker, Nerenz, Feinglass, Beal, Landrum et al., 2007; Schneider, Zaslavsky, & Epstein, 2002; Smedley, Stith, & Nelson, 2002), and unequal access to resources such as health insurance (Doty & Holmgren, 2004; Shi, 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Institutionalized racism affects African-Americans' expectations about the quality of care they will receive from clinicians and health systems (Boulware, Cooper, Ratner, LaVeist, & Powe, 2003; Jacobs, Rolle, Ferrans et al., 2006)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Participants in this study noted It is the other two levels of racism- personally-mediated and internalized- that are particularly relevant to the findings in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Internalized racism, defined as \"acceptance by members of the stigmatized race of negative messages about their own abilities and intrinsic worth\" (Jones, 2000) was reflected in the in-depth individual interviews, where participants perceived that deficient characteristics of other African-Americans (e.g. not \"speaking well\" or having limited health knowledge) were the reason for communication disparities and less shared decision-making between African-American patients and their physicians."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast to the in-depth interviews, within the focus groups, personally-mediated racism, defined as \"prejudice [differential assumptions about the abilities, motives and intentions of others according to their race] and discrimination [differential actions towards others according to their race]\" (Jones, 2000), was a prominent theme, and participants disproportionately attributed communication disparities to physician-related factors such as discrimination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A growing body of literature documents the use of negative stereotypes about African-American patients by physicians and healthcare disparities that may result from such implicit bias (Bogart, Kelly, Catz, & Sosman, 2000; Finucane & Carrese, 1990; Green, Carney, Pallin, Ngo, Raymond, Iezzoni et al., 2007; Rathore, Lenert, Weinfurt, Tinoco, Taleghani, Harless et al., 2000; van Ryn & Burke, 2000; van Ryn, Hanan, Burke, & Besculides, 1999), and the clinical encounter may create conditions that heighten the use of stereotypes and unconscious bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Situations with time pressure, high cognitive demand, limited resources and uncertainty (all found in clinical settings) increase the likelihood of using cognitive shortcuts (e.g. stereotypes) to make decisions (Hamilton, 1981)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The most potent forms of discrimination currently experienced by African-Americans are the subtle and unconscious forms of discrimination experienced regularly (Banks, Kohn-Wood, & Spencer, 2006; Harrell, 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found that participants primarily discussed race-related communication problems within the context of white physicians, although racially unmatched relationships with foreign-born Asian and Indian physicians were reported as particularly problematic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No one in our study reported race-related communication barriers (e.g. discrimination) from African-American physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is an important finding because there is literature suggesting that African- Americans may anticipate and/or report discrimination from same-race physicians in addition to different-race physicians (LaVeist, Rolley, & Diala, 2003; Malat & Hamilton, 2006)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the lingering vestiges of racism-institutional, internalized and personally-mediated- on both African-Americans and whites, both patients and physicians, may have the potential to influence patient/physician communication and shared decision-making."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within each SDM domain (information-sharing, deliberation/physician recommendations, and decision- making), participants identified areas in which race may have a negative influence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within the information-sharing domain (where patients and physicians discuss symptoms, diagnoses and lifestyle issues), participants felt that African-American patients may be less likely to share information with their providers, particularly about health behaviors and medication usage, and physicians may be less likely to share information with their African- American patients, including important information about patient's illnesses and the results of diagnostic tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants also noted that physicians may be less likely to actively and patiently listen to African-American patients in comparison to whites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our findings are particularly important in light of a previous paper where we reported that information-sharing may be the most important SDM domain to African-Americans, and that the need to \"tell their story and be heard\" is a crucial experience for this population (Peek, Quinn, Gorawara-Bhat et al., 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2397__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This commentary briefly explores the conceptual issues that underlie studies of race and racism in health care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, what do we mean by racism in the contemporary medical context?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, is there a model of racism that can encompass the range of what is referred to as racism? That is, is it possible to conceptualise everything that is meant by racism, from features of interpersonal communication to population-level inequalities, in a single model? In their article “Race and Shared Decision-Making: Perspectives of African-Americans with Diabetes” Peek et al. ( 2010) explore how patients’ perceptions of race may influence decision-making in a medical context [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A model of shared decision-making (‘Information-sharing, Deliberation or Physician recommendation and Decision-making’) is posited as an intervention capable of reducing disparities in disease outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Racialised inequalities in rates of diabetes diagnosis, complication, disease management and quality of outcome are well documented and require urgent remedial attention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Previous research has shown that methods of shared decision-making do not work as well with minority ethnic patients as with majority ethnic patients [2][3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Peek et al. explore how Black people in the US with diabetes view the role of race in decision-making about medical care with their doctors, using a combination of in-depth interviews and focus groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "None of the 24 people who were interviewed reported experiencing any ‘discrimination or other race-related encounters’ and most of them said that race did not play an important role in patient-provider communication [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By contrast, in the focus groups people were willing to discuss ‘negative communication encounters between White physicians and themselves, family members and/or close friends that they attributed to race’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In particular, ‘cultural discordance’ was discussed, whereby White doctors failed to appreciate Black patients’ ways of being and talking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This failure of communication with White doctors was compared with more satisfactory encounters with African American doctors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Peek et al. state that in every focus group participants discussed racism at three levels: institutionalized, personally-mediated, and internalized racism [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Institutional racism, which the authors see as the least relevant for their study, is defined as ‘differential access to goods and services’ [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This definition of institutional racism is problematic because it is subject to what Miles (1989) called ‘conceptual inflation’ [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "If inequality in access is assumed to be caused by racism, the effects of other forms of discrimination (sexism or class prejudice) are conflated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "If inequality in outcome is an adequate indicator of the operation of racism, we remain ignorant about how it operates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Where racialised inequality can be measured in health care settings institutional racism is increasingly put forward as a cause."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Since it is rarely defined in detail, the term institutional racism is increasingly employed as a description of inequality that has no clear cause."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "One rationale for using the term institutional racism without adequate theoretical justification is to keep the prospect of racism in service provision on the public agenda."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0035__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "However, without credible models of its operation institutional racism will lose analytic purchase and come to be seen as irrelevant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Peek et al. ( 2010) suggest that ‘personally-mediated’ and ‘internalized racism’ are more relevant to their findings than institutional racism [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A ‘cultural discordance’ whereby Black patients feel that their concerns are not taken seriously by White doctors and a reluctance on the part of Black people to speak up in front of White professionals are encompassed under these headings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Neither of these features (or failures) of communication constitutes racism in the sense of being discrimination based on a view of humanity as hierarchically divided into differentially valued races."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is hard to see how the subtle nature of unsatisfactory communication with White doctors, reported by Black people with diabetes, relates to the entrenched racialised inequalities in diabetes outcomes with which the paper by Peek and colleagues opens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the study, not only was the dissatisfactory communication reported to be subtle, but discussion of any issues around race was confined to the focus groups, being largely absent from the semi-structured interviews."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The researchers employed ‘race-concordant’ interviewers: one-to-one interviewing is often presented as the best way to develop rapport and generate insight [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nonetheless in this case, it did not generate insights around racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Even in the focus groups, where, as Peek et al. describe, there are various reasons why people might be more willing to discuss racism, the talk apparently related more to other people’s experiences than to discussants’ first person encounters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0036__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "People at risk of suffering the effects of racism may not wish to discuss it as relevant to their own experience of illness for various reasons and may prefer to emphasize their effective resistance to racism [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The relative absence of any talk about racism in this study, the subtle nature of the ‘cultural discordance’ described, stands in contrast with the stark racialised health inequalities around the experience of diabetes and health care for the disease."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The apparent mismatch between the robustly demonstrable population inequities and the difficulties around interpersonal communication with health care staff where discrimination is difficult to measure, should prompt some serious questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, how can the conceptual models that link communication around health care to population health outcomes offer causative mechanisms?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Peek et al. ( 2010) suggest that improving the quality of communication between Black patients and White health care staff could be a means of addressing racialised inequity at the population level: how can we envisage or imagine this working? As detailed in Peek and colleagues’ paper, we know that Black patients feel disrespect in the medical encounter to a greater extent than White patients [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The paper expands on how Black patients’ dissatisfaction with medical communication might be a matter of racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the stressful conditions of the clinical encounter ‘cognitive shortcuts’ such as stereotypes may be used to facilitate decision-making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We know from research on medical consultations that patients with educational and class backgrounds most similar to their physicians tend to get the best quality service [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Can poorer quality of medical consultations account for poorer health outcomes? Probably not in and of itself, but in the context of long-term socio-economic racialised disadvantage, it is likely to have an effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The mechanisms that account for health inequalities that characterize unequal societies [8] may well be responsible for racialised inequalities too."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "If a person’s sense of being supported by relationships with others (rather than oppressed by them) is good for health over the life course, then racism would damage health over a life time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Peek et al. concludes that: all aspects of shared decision-making information-sharing, deliberation/physician recommendations, and decision-making have the potential to be negatively influenced by race, through mechanisms of cultural discordance, patient beliefs arising from internalized racism, unconscious stereotyping/bias (personally-mediated racism)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0037__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Such influences serve to exacerbate the inherent power imbalance that exists between patients and their physicians [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paragraph describes aspects of communication that can be seen as racism and as a solution, the authors recommend extending ‘cultural competency training and general communication training for physicians to address potential race-related barriers’ [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The communication problems identified include Black patients’ own internalized racism and unconscious racism from physicians, as well as cultural discordance and yet the solution is seen entirely in terms of physician education around race."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This raises some questions: how can physician education address unconscious racism? Should ‘internalized racism’ be tackled through education and if so, whose education? This is familiar but nonetheless paradoxical territory to anyone interested in racism in health care settings: stark racialised inequalities, a sense among patients and their families that racism is relevant to their experience of health care services together with sparse evidence of the occurrence of overt racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The great difficulty in identifying specific behaviours, procedures or speech as racist is not surprising given that the public expression of racism is both illegal and largely unacceptable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The existence of subtle racism has been described by researchers of education [4] and the law [7], but is less well discussed in health research (but see [9])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "How can we, in studies of health and illness, understand the subtle communication problems between White doctors and Black patients alongside entrenched racialised inequalities (in evidence even after controlling for socio-economic status) which have persisted across generations?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Hypothesizing mechanisms that include the micro-processes of interactions between patients and professionals and the macro-processes of population-level inequalities is a missing step in our reasoning at present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0038__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The process of constructing these models is hindered by the ambiguities around what we mean by ‘racism’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 24, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [24, 24, 24], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Black patients who encounter disrespect from health care professionals are not explicitly being told that they are an unworthy group because of their skin colour."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The understated nature of the disrespect puts it on a par with the disrespect of other marginalized or stigmatised groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this disrespect, albeit subtle, must be interpreted in the cultural and social context where Blackness has been denigrated and disparaged both interpersonally and institutionally over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The disrespect that has been found in the health care system cannot be interpreted as causing the population-level inequalities, but can be seen as evidence that ‘race’ exists as a category of meaning at the micro- as well as the macro-level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The re-conceptualisation of racism so it can be operationalised constructively and fairly is a key task for research in this field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Recasting ideas around racism in a way that is useful for the 21st century represents an urgent and difficult challenge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The urgency comes from the rootedness of concepts of racism in 19th and 20th century ideas which inform their meaning for both recipients and perpetrators of racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Disrespect from White professionals is interpreted in the light of racism that was institutionalized in the twentieth century, but is now illegal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Historical context is crucial for understanding the experience and perpetuation of racist inequality, but there is also a need to examine how racism works now."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Physicians who contribute to cultural discordance with Black patients are not 19th century-style racists and doubtless know that racism is wrong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The health-damaging effects of 21st century subtle racism differ dramatically from the operation of 19th century institutionalized segregationist racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "It is unclear whether training in ‘cultural competency’ is the best means of addressing contemporary racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The suggestion that some racist effects take place unconsciously also raises problems for education as the key response to contemporary racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "How can the further education and training of health care professionals, recommended by Peek et al. ( 2010), work at the level of the unconscious? Are we to consider interventions that tap into our subliminal prejudice? Is this realistic or constructive?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Racism is illegal, but if we are capable of being racist unconsciously, how can it be regulated? If we agree with this paper that some racism in operation is internalized, do Black as well as White health care professionals require their subconscious re-training?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Sociological approaches to racism in health care settings should offer some leads in how best to tackle this problem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "However, our theoretical conceptualisation of racism lacks subtlety."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "We have perhaps failed to attend to Miles’s suggestion that we demonstrate the determinate influence of racism through appropriate historical work [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "While the interpersonal nature of racism has been studied, its sociological and its social nature has not been adequately addressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "In health care settings we do not have the appropriate empirical or theoretical material to be able to give a convincing account of how subtle racism at the interpersonal level joins up with population-level inequalities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "The painful politics of racism has made this examination difficult: the extremity of racist abuses in the past can distract from sober reflection on the social meaning of contemporary racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "However, a failure to update our thinking has risks for physicians and patients alike."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Racism is a shared system of knowledge which informs individual beliefs, but also cultural, political, economic and institutional aspects of our social system."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__critique__p0039__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "As long as we see the solution to racism lying only in educating the individual, we fail to address the complexity of racism and risk alienating patients and physicians alike."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2397__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bradby’s (2010) critique of our paper ‘Race and Shared Decision-Making: Perspectives of African-Americans with Diabetes’ (Peek at al., 2010) highlights important questions about racism, patient/provider communication and U.S. health disparities."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We address her concerns through the following questions: 1) How can we best conceptualize racism in healthcare? 2) Is there evidence for racism in the current U.S. healthcare system?, 3) How can we disentangle racial discrimination from discrimination based on other social factors?, 4) Is there evidence and/or theoretical model(s) that link institutional racism to population-level health disparities?, 5) Is there evidence and/or theoretical model(s) that link the patient/provider relationship and communication disparities to population-level health disparities?, and 6) Are there potentially effective solutions to address institutional racism, particularly unconscious provider bias?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "How can we best conceptualize racism in healthcare?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Institute of Medicine (IOM), in its landmark report Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, identified two causes of healthcare disparities: healthcare systems and discrimination at the patient/provider level (defined as ‘biases, prejudices, stereotyping, and uncertainty in clinical communication and decision-making’) [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within this context, one can consider theoretical models to further define racism and discrimination within healthcare."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We used Camara Jones’ framework because of its widespread use and because it was developed to highlight how racism can lead to health disparities [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Jones describes three levels of racism: institutionalized racism, personally-mediated racism and internalized racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Institutionalized racism, defined as differential access to goods, services, and opportunities by race, includes differential access to health insurance, which study participants described as a contributing factor to communication disparities between African-Americans and their physicians."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is important to note that institutional racism does not require personal bias commonly associated with term ‘racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "’ This type of racism, termed personally-mediated racism, is defined as prejudice (differential assumptions about the abilities, motives, and intentions of others according to their race) and discrimination (differential actions toward others according to their race) [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prejudice and discrimination may manifest as disrespect, poor service and failure to communicate options [2], all of which our study participants described in their experiences within the U.S. healthcare system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "They attributed differential physician assumptions (e.g. “maybe they assumed that she would not understand”) and behaviors (e.g. “they just talk right at the patient because they are black”) specifically to being African-American, indicating participants’ perceived influence of race on patient/physician encounters."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are two important points to underscore about personally mediated racism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, it may occur subconsciously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Well-meaning individuals may harbor assumptions about people that reflect societal norms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "According to social science theory, everyone uses the strategy of social categorization (e.g. by race or gender) in an attempt to understand, predict and control one’s environment and process new information [3, 4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unfortunately, this process can lead to exaggeration of negative inter-group differences (stereotypes) and an over-generalization of them (bias/prejudice) [4, 5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, although discrimination may be subconscious, its impact is powerful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Racism need not take overt forms of slavery or segregation to have a significant effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In fact, the most potent forms of discrimination that African-Americans currently experience are subtle forms experienced chronically [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, Jones defines internalized racism as the acceptance by members of stigmatized races of negative messages about their abilities and intrinsic worth [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Internalized racism can have many manifestations, including helplessness, self-devaluation, and limiting one’s right to self-determination and self-expression [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our participants reported a decreased ability of African-Americans to question their treatment and speak up to their physicians, and also described devaluing characteristics (e.g. poor physical presentation, not “speaking well”) as potential causes of communication disparities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above literature defining racism in healthcare provides a strong theoretical framework for understanding its contribution to health disparities, and corroborates the findings of our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is there evidence for racism in the current U.S. healthcare system?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, there is evidence that racism exists within the U.S. healthcare system (institutional racism) and among healthcare providers (personally-mediated racism)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The IOM report Unequal Treatment reviewed the disparities literature and concluded that an important contributor to racial disparities in health status is the difference in the quality of medical care given to racial/ethnic minorities [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, among diabetes patients, African-Americans are less likely to receive influenza vaccinations, have glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing or cholesterol testing [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Healthcare providers may harbor racial biases (personally mediated racism), and may be at increased risk of using stereotypes as cognitive short-cuts because of clinical encounter characteristics (time pressure, high cognitive demand, limited resources and uncertainty) [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is evidence that physicians hold stereotypes based on patient characteristics (e.g. race), which may influence their interpretation of patient behaviors and symptoms, and consequently their clinical decisions [8, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, one study found that physicians were more likely, after controlling for confounding variables, to rate their African-American patients as less educated, less intelligent, more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, and less likely to adhere to treatment regimens [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Green et al. ( 2007) documented the association between implicit physician bias and racial disparities in treatment recommendations for acute myocardial infarctions [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While there is no consensus on how to best measure healthcare discrimination [12], most researchers rely upon patient reports of perceived discrimination--a strategy with inherent advantages and disadvantages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While perceptions may be misinterpreted, they do reflect patients’ personal experiences and how they are internalized, which may be important to how discrimination affects health (see discussion below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may be particularly true for patients who lived through U.S. segregation, as their historical healthcare experiences undoubtedly shaped how they currently experience healthcare encounters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our study, all but three participants were born before the 1964 Civil Rights Act outlawing U.S. segregation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is growing evidence that minorities perceive healthcare discrimination and that such perceptions are associated with important outcomes, such as less preventive healthcare (e.g. cancer screening, dyslipidemia screening, and influenza vaccinations) [13, 14], prescription medication utilization and medical testing/treatment [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among diabetes patients, perceived healthcare discrimination is associated with lower quality physician interactions, and worse diabetes care and outcomes [16, 17, 14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above evidence compels us to conclude that racism is embedded within the U.S. healthcare system, at both institutional and personally mediated levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "How do we disentangle racial discrimination from discrimination based on other social factors?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Racial disparities in healthcare (institutional racism) persist after adjusting for other sociodemographic variables such as gender and class [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There has been less research separating personally-mediated racism from other forms of discrimination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in several studies, healthcare discrimination attributed to race (vs. other social factors) was reported most commonly among minorities and associated with worse care and outcomes [14, 17, 18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, in a study of discrimination and diabetes management, perceived racial discrimination was associated with a 50% lower probability of three aspects of diabetes care, while perceived gender discrimination was associated with a 22% lower probability of one aspect of care [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our study, we explored the relationship between race and shared decision-making (SDM), while recognizing that other social factors affect such communication and may interact with race."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we note in our paper, an important next step will be to explore how perceptions of race interact with other social variables to influence SDM."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is there evidence/theoretical model(s) that link institutional racism to population-level health disparities?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several well-known models broaden our understanding of how institutional racism may lead to population-level health disparities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The chronic stress induced by personal experiences with discrimination is one mechanism by which institutional racism may affect health [19, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, McEwen’s model (1998) of allostatic load emphasizes interactions between cognitive processes (i.e. responses to perceived stress) and physiological responses (e.g. cardiovascular, immunological effects) to explain how environmental stressors, major life events and trauma (e.g. racism) result in physiological changes [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Massey’s biosocial model of racial stratification (2004), concentrations of poverty and violence (due to socioeconomic inequalities and residential segregation) result in high allostatic loads that have downstream health effects such as coronary artery disease, inflammatory disorders and cognitive impairment [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among African-Americans, perceptions of discrimination are independently associated with C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation that correlates to cardiovascular disease and other health outcomes and precursors to cardiovascular disease (e.g. coronary artery calcification) [22, 23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Institutional racism may also affect health through negative health behaviors such as delays in healthcare utilization and treatment non-adherence [24], and cigarette and alcohol use [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0061__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Institutional racism, as perceived discrimination within society, is associated with poor health measures, including depression, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary disease [26, 27]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the above, we have highlighted some of the evidence linking institutional racism to health outcomes, and illustrated models proposing pathways between racism and population-level health disparities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is there evidence and/or theoretical model(s) that link the patient/provider relationship and communication disparities to population-level health disparities?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evidence-based models have shown how health providers may contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in health [28, 29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These models focus on patient/provider relationships and how bias, health and interpersonal behaviors, cognitive and affective factors, perceptions, and professional decision-making influence healthcare delivery and health outcomes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on our research, we have developed a conceptual model for exploring relationships between race, shared decision-making and health outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is important to note that our model is nested within the broader context of the healthcare system and macro-level factors which also affect health outcomes and health disparities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model demonstrates how shared decision-making is a joint endeavor, and its successful execution depends on the preference of both patients and providers to engage in this process, and on the patient/provider relationship, which creates the situational context for SDM."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Race may potentially affect SDM through several mechanisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "First, racial differences may exist in patient preferences for SDM or in how SDM is conceptualized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A study of a multi-ethnic population found no differences between white and African-American patients in preferences for SDM [30], suggesting that patient preference is unlikely to drive SDM disparities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In a prior analysis, we found that African-Americans with diabetes defined SDM in ways that are different than how it is conceptualized in the literature [31], which may influence SDM behaviors and contribute to differential experiences of SDM among African-Americans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Race may also impact SDM through its influence on the patient/provider relationship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a prior analysis involving African-American diabetes patients, one of the most powerful SDM facilitators was physicians’ interpersonal skills, which were described as essential to establishing a meaningful patient/provider relationship and creating an environment for patients to express concerns and play active roles [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interpersonal skills and relationship-building may be an important way to address the disproportionate physician mistrust among African-Americans [33]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Physician mistrust is associated with lower preferences for shared decision-making [34], and in our conceptual model, trust and normative beliefs (e.g. biases) are two mechanisms by which race may influence SDM, either directly or through the patient/provider relationship [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, providers may have preconceived ideas about who is more likely to prefer an active role, which may influence how engaging they are of different racial/ethnic groups in decision-making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In general, African-Americans have less participatory physician visits with more physician verbal dominance, less information delivery, and less patient-centered communication than whites [36, 37]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study explored patient perceptions about the influence of race on patient/provider communication and specific domains of shared decision-making, an area that has received little attention to date."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consistent with our conceptual model, participants described patient trust, bias/stereotypes and the patient/provider relationship as mediating factors between race and SDM."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also found that race has the potential to negatively influence SDM within each of its domains—information-sharing, deliberation/physician recommendation and decision-making—through cultural discordance, patient beliefs arising from internalized racism, and unconscious provider bias (personally-mediated racism)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While SDM and patient-centered care are associated with health outcomes, the mechanisms are not fully understood."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we do know that information-sharing and joint goal-setting (important SDM components) are associated with self-efficacy and diabetes self-management, and research suggests that patient understanding, self-efficacy, patient satisfaction and trust predict adherence and self-management, and may be the mechanisms through which shared decision-making impacts health [38, 39, 40]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Are there potentially effective solutions to address institutional racism, particularly unconscious provider bias?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The question of how to effectively address U.S. racial/ethnic health disparities is an important one, and for which there is no simple or single solution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, the answers must address the range of causes of disparities (e.g. inequalities in education, housing, and health insurance) and empower multiple levers of change (e.g. patients, providers, health systems, policymakers, communities)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, researchers at the University of Chicago are working to reduce diabetes disparities on the city’s South Side, a predominantly working class African-American community, through a multi-site intervention that combines patient education/activation, provider training, health systems redesign and community engagement [41]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our paper focuses on patient-physician communication, and as such, our proposed solutions target patients and physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The issue that Bradby (2010) raises about how to address unconscious provider bias is an important one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The training of health providers involved in the Tuskegee syphilis experiment in racial eugenics showed that medical education can create racial bias and exacerbate health disparities [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To date, however, no research has shown that physician education through cultural competency training can reduce disparities in health outcomes [43, 44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0073__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, such training can improve provider knowledge, attitudes and skills, which may be an important precursor to addressing unconscious provider bias."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is evidence that with sufficient motivation, cognitive resources and effort, people can inhibit stereotypes and focus on individuals rather than the sociodemographic groups they represent [45, 46]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Drawing upon evidence in social cognitive psychology, Burgess et al (2007) have outlined strategies and skills for healthcare providers to prevent unconscious racial biases from influencing the clinical encounter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their framework includes: 1) Enhancing internal motivation and avoiding external pressure to reduce bias, 2) Enhancing understanding of the psychosocial basis of bias, 3) Enhancing providers’ confidence in their ability to successfully interact with socially dissimilar patients, 4) Enhancing emotional regulation skills specific to promoting positive emotions, 5) Increasing perspective taking and affective empathy, and 6) Improving the ability to build partnerships with patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Teal et al. ( in press) developed a medical student elective designed to help manage patient bias that incorporates many of Burgess’ principles; they reported significant improvements in students’ strategies to identify and address their racial biases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, medical science is currently on the cutting edge of identifying and implementing strategies to reduce unconscious provider bias in healthcare, but much work remains to be done."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Addressing such bias is only one of many strategies needed to make strides in eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2397", "paragraph_id": "triad_2397__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, Bradby (2010) raises important issues about racism within healthcare and its potential effects on patient/provider communication and health disparities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet the evidence is clear: race and racism affect the U.S. healthcare system and the patients and providers that interact within it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our current study builds upon a large body of evidence and gives voice to the perceptions and experiences of African-Americans with diabetes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2397__response__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Only through continued work to understand racism can we make strides in addressing its effects on healthcare delivery and health disparities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2397/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2010266513_W2155809905_W2061219420", "triad_name": "triad_2397", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2397__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pre-oxygenation prolongs the time to oxygen desaturation during apnoea and is a critical component in providing safe general anaesthesia [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Currently, an end-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO 2 ) ≥ 90% via a tight-fitting facemask is recommended for obstetric patients before rapid sequence induction and tracheal intubation [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, despite the importance of pre-oxygenation, it is often performed poorly in obstetric patients due to air entrainment even around a tight-fitting facemask [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the requirement for rapid delivery of the fetus, along with well-recognised time pressures and human factor issues can all make pre- oxygenation suboptimal [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The accepted standard of practice for pre-oxygenation is that parturients undergoing 450 © 2019 Association of Anaesthetists Anaesthesia 2019, 74, 450-456 doi:10.1111/anae.14567 general anaesthesia either complete 3 min of tidal volume breathing or eight vital capacity breaths via a facemask, with both methods being considered to be equally effective [5, 6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) has gained increasing popularity in non-obstetric patients, increasing time to desaturation [7, 8], including in paediatric patients [9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although it would seem rational to apply HFNO to obstetric patients [10, 11], its use appears described only in case reports and journal correspondence, and a direct comparison with facemask has not been performed [12- 14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We wished to fill this gap in the literature, and hypothesised that HFNO pre-oxygenation would be as effective as standard flow rate facemask pre-oxygenation in the obstetric population."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study received ethics committee approval from the University of British Columbia Children's and Women's Research Ethics Board and was performed between November 2017 and January 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following written informed consent, healthy, term (≥ 36 weeks gestation), non-labouring parturients admitted for elective caesarean delivery or induction of labour were recruited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Exclusion criteria were: ASA physical status 3 or above; any medical condition that could affect gas exchange; BMI ≥ 40 kg/m 2 ; known airway pathology; obstructed nasal airway; or unable to tolerate a tight-fitting facemask."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to generate a randomisation sequence with 1:1 allocation to either HFNO or control groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This sequence, contained in sealed envelopes, was not known to the study investigators and was opened after enrolment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further blinding of the study was not feasible due to the nature of the intervention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All patients were first placed in a 30-degree head up position using the Troop TM (Goal Medical, LLC, Eugene, OR, USA) elevation pillow and with a right lateral pelvic wedge to minimise aortocaval compression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A nose clip was applied and each patient was asked to breathe 21% oxygen at 12 l.min À1 through a standardised mouthpiece using tidal volume breathing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mouthpiece was connected to an anaesthetic circle system with a two-litre reservoir bag, heat moisture exchange filter and an oxygen analyser."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the end of 30 s, baseline values for oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate and EtO 2 were recorded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients in the standard oxygen flow rate facemask group (control) were then pre-oxygenated with 100% oxygen, using tidal volume breathing and a tight-fitting facemask attached to a circle system, with an oxygen flow rate of 15 l.min À1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "End-tidal carbon dioxide waveform analysis was monitored to ensure a tight seal was achieved between the patient and the facemask."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After 3 min, patients were asked to hold their breath for a few seconds and the nose clip was re-attached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patients then exhaled fully and continued to breathe for several breaths via the mouthpiece (delivering 21% oxygen) to ensure the highest value for EtO 2 was measured."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients in the HFNO group were pre-oxygenated with 100% oxygen using tidal volume breathing and the Optiflow TM HFNO nasal high-flow cannula system (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The oxygen flow rate was initially started at 30 l.min À1 and gradually increased to a maximum of 70 l.min À1 over the first 30 s. If a patient did not tolerate the flow rate, it was reduced to a level the patient could tolerate, typically 50- 60 l.min À1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients were specifically instructed to breathe via their nose with a closed mouth and the percentage of time this was achieved was recorded (0%, 25%, 50% or 100%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After 3 min, the patients were asked to hold their breath for a few seconds while the HFNO was quickly removed and the nose clip re-attached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The patients then exhaled fully and continued to breathe for several breaths via the mouthpiece (delivering 21% oxygen) to ensure the highest value for EtO 2 was measured."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients in both groups then underwent a washout period for up to 5 min until the EtO 2 returned to within 10% of their baseline value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Once washout was completed, both groups repeated 30 s of tidal volume breathing followed by eight vital capacity breaths using their respective pre- oxygenation methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During the initial 30 s of tidal volume breathing, the oxygen flow rate in the HFNO group was increased from 30 to 70 l.min À1 and EtO 2 was measured at the conclusion of eight vital capacity breaths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The time taken to complete 30 s of tidal volume breathing and eight vital capacity breaths was also recorded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Immediately after the study, patient satisfaction was assessed using a 5-category Likert scale for acceptability (acceptable, slightly acceptable, neutral, slightly unaccept- able or unacceptable) and comfort (completely comfortable, slightly comfortable, neutral, slightly uncomfortable or completely uncomfortable)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study flow diagram is depicted in Fig. 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary outcome was EtO 2 after pre-oxygenation, with factorial comparisons also being made between HFNO and standard flow rate facemask, and also between 3 min of tidal volume breathing and eight vital capacity breaths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients achieving an EtO 2 ≥ 90%, percentage of time patients had their mouths closed during HFNO pre-oxygenation and tolerability (comfort and acceptability) of both pre- oxygenation techniques."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study sample size was determined based on a prior study demonstrating that the mean (SD) EtO 2 achieved following 3 min of pre-oxygenation in healthy, non-pregnant subjects with HFNO and facemask was 85.6% (6.4%) and 88.5% (6.2%), respectively [15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We initially powered the study for a non-inferiority comparison."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The criterion for non-inferiority with respect to EtO 2 concentration achieved after 3 min was considered to have been met if the upper limit of a two-sided 95%CI for the absolute difference of EtO 2 concentration between groups was less than 10%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Using a non-inferiority design, assuming a non-inferiority margin of 10 and a standard deviation of 6.3, and that the HFNO group would have a mean approximately 3% lower than the control group, 26 patients (13 per group) were required to achieve a power of 90% with a type-1 error of 0.05."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To account for attrition and study dropouts due to equipment errors (i.e. lack of a tight seal for waveform analysis), the sample size was increased to 40 (20 per group)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, after patient recruitment we realised that as a physiological and not clinical study, a standard superiority design was more appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Using a superiority analysis with 20 patients per group there would have been approximately 31% power to detect a difference in means of 3% with a standard deviation of 6.3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Consequently, data for primary outcomes were analysed using mixed-effects linear regression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mixed- effects models take into account the repeated-measures aspect of the data and control for correlations among measurements from the same patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To determine if there was a difference in how the treatment groups responded, we tested for an interaction term between group and time- point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If a significant interaction was found, we followed it up with pairwise tests of the estimated marginal means between the groups at each time-point (e.g. HFNO baseline vs. control baseline) using the Kenward-Roger method to estimate confidence intervals, and controlling for multiple comparisons using Tukey's method [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The proportion of patients achieving an EtO 2 ≥ 90%, comfort and acceptability was compared using Fisher's exact test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio version 1.0.153 (Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., USA; http://www.rstudio.com) and R version 3.4.1, release date June 30, 2017 (The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Austria)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We recruited a total of 40 patients between November 2017 and January 2018; 68 patients were assessed for eligibility and 40 patients were randomly allocated to HFNO (n = 20) or control (n = 20) groups (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All patients received the randomised pre-oxygenation method, but three patients in the HFNO group were not analysed due to EtO 2 measurement errors; two patients were unable to make a tight seal around the mouth piece when exhaling and one patient did not tolerate the oxygen flow rate of 70 l.min À1 and discontinued the intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patient characteristics between the groups were similar (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a significant interaction between group and time in the mixed-effects regression model (p = 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Table 2 shows the estimated marginal means and confidence intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Post-hoc pairwise Tukey tests comparing the means between HFNO vs. control groups at each time-point suggested that there was no significant difference at baseline (16.1% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.99) or after the washout period (17.2% vs. 17.3%, p = 1.0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, HFNO had a significantly lower estimated marginal mean EtO 2 compared with the control group after 3 min of tidal volume breathing (87.4% vs. 91.0%, p = 0.02), and also after eight vital capacity breaths (85.9% vs. 91.8%, p < 0.0001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Figure 3 shows the range of data for each group at each time-point."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After 3 min of tidal volume breathing, there were significantly fewer number of patients in the HFNO group compared with the standard flow rate facemask group who were able to achieve an EtO 2 ≥ 90% (8/17 (47%) vs. 17/20 (85%), p = 0.032)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The maximum oxygen flow rate of 70 l.min À1 was tolerated by 82% (14/17) of the HFNO patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One patient required reduction in the flow rate to 60 l.min À1 and two patients required the rate to be further reduced to 50 l.min À1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was no significant difference in comfort or acceptability between the two groups (Table 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found only 24% (4/17) of patients in the HFNO group were able to breathe with their mouths closed for the duration of the pre-oxygenation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mean (SD) EtO 2 for patients who were able to breathe with their mouths closed for at least 50% of the pre-oxygenation period compared with breathing with their mouths open for more than 50% of the time, was 90.3% (3.4%) and 82.0% (8.9%), respectively, p = 0.07."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our main result that HFNO pre-oxygenation performs worse than standard flow rate facemask pre-oxygenation in healthy term parturients is surprising given its efficacy in other settings [7, 8, 10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet, some aspects of our results are consistent with earlier studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a small pilot pre-oxygenation study of four parturients, only one patient (25%) was able to achieve an EtO 2 ≥ 90% after 3 min of HFNO pre-oxygenation [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In another study of 20 healthy non-obstetric volunteers, only 10 (50%) participants were able to achieve an EtO 2 ≥ 90% within 3 min of tidal volume breathing [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast, in a facemask pre-oxygenation study of 20 parturients, 75% achieved an EtO 2 ≥ 90% after 3 min of tidal volume breathing [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similarly, in a physiological study of five healthy male volunteers, 100% of the participants achieved an EtO 2 ≥ 90% after 3 min of tidal volume breathing with a mean (SD) of 92% (1%) [18]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Together, these findings suggest that standard facemask pre- oxygenation is quite effective and HFNO may not always be fully effective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One reason why HFNO did not achieve similar or higher EtO 2 compared with the standard flow rate facemask may be related to air entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A small non-obstetric Another possible reason for the poorer performance observed in the HFNO group may simply be because HFNO does not actually work by increasing the patient's oxygen reserve but instead by maintaining oxygenation when the patient is apnoeic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not assess this important phase of induction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although measuring EtO 2 has clear advantages, pre- oxygenation method may be revealing [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Recently, Lodeniuset al. found that when HFNO pre-oxygenation was used in non-pregnant patients requiring rapid sequence induction for emergency surgery, a similar situation to obstetric general anaesthesia, there was a lower incidence of oxygen desaturation below 93% compared with facemask pre-oxygenation, with no evidence of gastric regurgitation [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We did not investigate time to oxygen desaturation as an end-point since we could not justify subjecting healthy parturients to general anaesthesia and prolonged apnoea in a randomised study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We chose to use the maximum flow rate of 70 l.min À1 with HFNO compared with 40-50 l.min À1 recommended by the manufacturer because this was previously effective [7, 12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Importantly, we found HFNO was well tolerated and acceptable to most patients, despite using maximum oxygen flow rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not compare HFNO flow-rate directly to 70 l.min À1 using a tight-fitting facemask as this may have resulted in lung barotrauma by forming a semi- closed circuit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several limitations to our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, it was not possible to blind the study due to the nature of the intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, we used EtO 2 as a surrogate measure of effectiveness for pre-oxygenation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Previous studies have investigated declines in oxygen saturations and arterial blood gases during apnoea after induction [7, 8, 10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We did not examine patients who may benefit the most from HFNO pre-oxygenation, such as the obese or those with a difficult airway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We also do not know how the two methods might compare in a real-world emergency scenario [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Finally, we originally powered the study as non-inferiority and future study designs that use a different de novo power analysis and overcome these limitations would be desirable to ascertain the place of HFNO in obstetric practice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with interest the study by Shippam et al. [ 1] regarding high-flow humidified nasal oxygen (HFNO) for pre-oxygenation of pregnant women in preparation for general anaesthesia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The findings from this study do not support the use of HFNO to pre-oxygenate term pregnant women."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The primary end-point used was an end-tidal oxygen fraction (FETO2) ≥ 0.9 which is a recommended target for pre-oxygenation by the Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association [2] and the Difficult Airway Society."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, with the advancement in the use of HFNO as an adjunct in both pre-oxygenation and apnoeic oxygenation, should this target be revised?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The use of HFNO maximises the physiological phenomenon of aventilatory mass flow, driving oxygen into the lungs and flushing out other dead space gases present [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This, coupled with the splinting of upper airways and reduction in associated shunt, can improve oxygenation [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If this is the case, then is it a prerequisite to pre-oxygenate to a value of FETO2 ≥ 0.9 in a situation where we can continually replenish our oxygen stores via continuous HFNO? If the patency of the airway can be maintained can HNFO redefine our end-point for pre-oxygenation?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Tanna and Saha [1] for their interest in our study and for raising a thought-provoking discussion about the potential lowering end-tidal oxygen fraction endpoint in obstetric patients when using high-flow nasal oxygenation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The current recommended pre-oxygenation target of end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.9 pre-dates the advancement of high-flow nasal oxygenation [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This specific value originated from the idea that it is desirable to reduce the risk of hypoxia by providing a reservoir of 95% oxygen assuming an obligatory 5% alveolar carbon dioxide, which corresponds to an end-tidal oxygen fraction of 0.9 according to an earlier study by Berry et al. [ 3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our study, after 3 min of tidal volume breathing, there were significantly fewer numbers of parturients who were able to achieve the pre-oxygenation target of an end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.9 in the high-flow nasal oxygenation group compared with the standard flow rate facemask group (47% vs. 85%, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If we had used a lower target of end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.8 as a primary endpoint, the high-flow nasal oxygenation group would have achieved a substantially greater proportion above the threshold (88% high-flow nasal oxygenation vs. 95% facemask), altering the conclusion of the study [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our findings, along with a number of associated studies, have consistently found that not all pregnant women can achieve end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.9 after 3 min of pre-oxygenation [5, 6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As such, we agree with Tanna and Saha that the threshold of end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.9 should be re-examined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, reducing the endpoint of pre-oxygenation would mean a potentially shortened time to delivery of the fetus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, using a simple theoretical model, the additional loss in safe apnoea time by lowering the threshold of end-tidal oxygen fraction from 0.9 to 0.8 may not be clinically significant, especially when arterial desaturation rate can be slowed by apnoeic oxygenation (Table 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, just as it is difficult to justify the strict need for end-tidal oxygen fraction ≥ 0.9, the paucity of compelling evidence demonstrating reliability of apnoeic oxygenation in obstetric patients makes it just as difficult to challenge the status quo and adopt a lower endpoint."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using a lower target of end-tidal oxygen fraction may be reasoned if apnoeic oxygenation can consistently maintain the oxygen reservoir following induction of general anaesthesia for obstetric patients; however, the success of this technique relies on a number of conditions to be met."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The benefit of apnoeic diffusion oxygenation is highly dependent on airway patency; yet, even with the most careful of pre-assessment, it is impossible to predict which patient may not have the patent airway necessary to support apnoeic diffusion [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, an early non-obstetric study by Fraioli et al. [ 8] demonstrated that apnoeic oxygenation is less effective in patients with a low predicted functional residual capacity to body weight ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although the results are difficult to generalise to obstetric patients, this study highlights the possibility that apnoeic oxygenation may not be as effective in individuals with altered respiratory physiology and thus the need to further affirm its role in pregnancy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "315", "paragraph_id": "triad_315__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We need to better understand how we could identify parturients who would not benefit from apnoeic oxygenation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studying apnoeic oxygenation in pregnancy is ethically and practically difficult."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most parturients who receive general anaesthesia are higher risk parturients who have lower physiological reserves and are often not included in research studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, we believe time should be dedicated to investigate how to conduct apnoeic oxygenation effectively in the parturient and factors associated with its ineffectiveness, as difficult as that may be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Results from ongoing high-flow nasal oxygenation studies may offer further useful insights and information to guide this discussion, but until then, many obstetric anaesthetists would likely practice with the devil they know [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_315__response__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Much more convincing data would be necessary before advocating the lowering of a safety margin that has persisted for decades."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2913694313_W2988295323_W2985030720", "triad_name": "triad_315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The scope of the concept of oxidation states in main group compounds has remarkably expanded in the last two decades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1-3 Stable singlet carbenes featuring non-oxidative electron-pair donation such as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) 4 and cycli- c(alkyl)(amino) carbenes (cAACs) 5,6 have been crucial to preparatively access unique low oxidation states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the description of chemical bonding, donor-acceptor interactions have been invoked, traditionally connected to transition metals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "7 Thus, the formal electron deciency of the central atom is alleviated by s-donation from the ligand, which is counter- balanced by a somewhat weaker p-backdonation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "7,8 While the chemistry of low-valent p-block compounds has substantially benetted from this coordinative bonding concept, the s-block chemistry has lagged behind."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "1 The Group 2 chemistry has been long dominated by the +2 oxidation state, given the strong propensity of these elements to lose the valence electrons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Signicant progress in the obtention of species with different oxidation states has been reported by Jones and co-workers on the Mg(+1) dimer compound I (Scheme 1), containing Mg I -Mg I bonds stabilized by guanidinate or b-dike- timinate (NacNac) ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "9 Over the years, the Jones compound has evolved from curiosity into a highly selective reducing agent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "9,10 Although species with a Be I -Be I single bond have been computationally predicted, stable molecules featuring this bonding motif remain unrealized so far."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "11-14 Zero-valent Be(0) or Mg(0) compounds II were also elusive until recently."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In 2016, Braunschweig and co-workers reported the seminal isolation of dicoordinated neutral Be(0)(cAAC) 2 complexes III."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0001__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "15 The unusual bonding situation has been rationalized in terms of donor- acceptor interactions between cAAC ligands acting as s-donors to empty s-type orbitals of a Be(0) atom, which would have available p-type electrons to furnish a signicantly strong p-backdonation towards the ligands, cAAC ) Be / cAAC (Scheme 1B)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 19, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [19, 19, 19], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This bonding scheme provides access to a stable beryllium radical cation V and a neutral species VI, with beryllium in the formal oxidation state of +1. 16,17 Attempts to prepare the Mg(0) congener were unsuccessful, leading instead to the ligand activation product IV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "18 The reaction outcome has been ascribed to the formation of the highly reactive Mg(0)(cAAC) 2 species, followed by ligand rearrangement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only recently, large charge transfer has been recognized from Mg to the cAAC ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "19 The quest for Mg(0) compound has been recently fullled by Harder and co-workers, using an extraordinarily bulky ligand (BDI* ¼ HC{C(tBu)N[2,6-(3-pentyl)-phenyl]} 2 ) to stabilize the Mg(+2) precursor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "20 The reduction with sodium powder fur- nished a Mg(0) compound {[(BDI*)Mg À ][Na + ]} 2 , which upon heating yielded a three-magnesium atom cluster VII (recall Scheme 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Notably, the bonding situation of the latter differs from that of the previous species, as the stability is driven by two † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Mg-Mg electron-sharing bonds rather than a donor-acceptor interaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "21 The oxidation state assessment of these species is connected to the molecular orbital theory picture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "22 The donor-acceptor interaction in a closed-shell singlet conguration, similar to that in the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) model, assumes an electronic structure preorganization of E(0) from the ground state 1 S (ns 2 np 0 ) into the doubly excited singlet state 1 D (ns 0 np 2 ) to interact with the s-donor/p-acceptor ligands (Scheme 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Within this description, applying the ionic approximation to the s- and p-type bonds could indeed lead to the zero oxidation state picture of the alkali earth metal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Note, however, that Be (Χ P ¼ 1.57) and Mg (Χ P ¼ 1.31) are much less electronegative than C (Χ P ¼ 2.55)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "23 Moreover, while the energy for such electron promotion is accessible for transition metals, the experimental gas-phase values for Be and Mg are as high as 178.3 and 399.9 kcal mol À1 , respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "24 A plausible alternative scenario can be postulated, whereupon bonding of the ligands, the metal centre oxidizes, and its electron pair ends up at the ligands, forming a diradical(oid) species (Scheme 1C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The interaction between the unpaired electrons would be signicant in a closed- shell description, leading to the three-centre two-electron system (3c-2e)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "However, a broken-symmetry solution would suggest a diradical(oid) species, where the paring between the electrons is lower than optimal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "A relatively small singlet-triplet gap (DE S-T ) is a key indicator for observing the diradical character."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "25 However, distinguishing between these two pictures using single-reference methods is not straightforward, if not impos- sible, as the incomplete description of the spin polarization can mislead the wavefunction analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "26 Previous investigations have pointed out the multi-reference character of related systems such as germanium Ge(cAAC) 2 and zinc Zn(cAAC) 2 counterparts."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0002__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "27,28 Herein, we pinpoint the subtle features of prominent low-valent Be- and Mg-based compounds through quantum chemistry calculations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As an outset, we included NHC and cAAC ligands where the anking groups have different stereoelectronic properties, i.e. methyl (Me) and 2,6-diisopropyl-phenyl (Dip)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both the singlet and triplet states of the systems were optimized at the B3LYP level of theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Broken symmetry (BS) solutions, such as the open-shell singlet (OSS), lower in energy were found for the systems stabilized by cAAC ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In fact, the closed-shell B3LYP solution for Be-cAAC Dip is not stable."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, the ground state is singlet in all cases, either closed-shell or open-shell."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The relative energies of the singlet and triplet states at the B3LYP- D3(BJ)/def2-TZVPP level are relatively close, ranging from 7.9 to 2.6 kcal mol À1 for Be-NHC Dip and Be-cAAC Me , respectively and from 13.3 to 2.4 kcal mol À1 for Mg-NHC Dip and Mg-cAAC Me , respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The triplet state in Mg-cAAC Dip lies 9.1 kcal mol À1 below the closed-shell singlet, but the ground state is of OSS nature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0003__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Similar observations have been obtained with different functionals (Tables S1-S3†)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. 1 displays the ground-state geometries of the studied compounds, together with their dissociation energies (D 0 ) and singlet/triplet energy differences, and Table 1 shows the numerical values of their main geometrical parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Be- C bond lengths vary slightly with the nature of the ligand, i.e. from 1.634 to 1.648Å, in good agreement with previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "11-15,19 These values fall in the expected bond lengths of single and double bonds (1.77 and 1.57Å, respectively)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "29 Moreover, the bond angles are almost collinear for all cases 167.4-179.9 , favouring a strong delocalization on the C-Be-C p-system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On the other hand, the Mg-C bond lengths are shorter than those reported by Couchman et al. for Mg 2 (NHC) 2 and Mg 2 (NHC) 4 systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "12 Note, however, that the computed values are, in fact, longer than expected for a single bond Mg-C (2.14Å)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Only in the case of the Mg-cAAC Dip compound, the This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Å , when the C-Be-C angle bends so that the Be atom dissociates perpendicularly to the interatomic C-C axis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From this point on, the occupation of Be 2s-type EFO rapidly increases and the change of formal OS from Be(+2) to Be(0) occurs at a Be-C distance of ca."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1.85Å."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Be-cAAC Me , the BS solution is lower in energy at the equilibrium geometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The spin polarization is mostly noto- rious on the ligands' frontier EFOs, which have a and b occu- pations much larger than those of the Be centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The dissociation starts in a collinear fashion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The diradical char- acter increases with the Be-C distance, reaching its maximum (<S 2 > ¼ 0.60) at ca."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1.95Å, thus resulting in a much marked Be(+2) character."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Beyond this point, the C-Be-C angle bends so that once again the Be atom dissociates perpendicularly to the interatomic C-C axis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the process the diradical character rapidly decreases, inducing a charge transfer from the ligands to Be's 2s-type EFO until the formal OS changes at around 2.1Å, where the open-shell solution merges into the closed-shell one."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0006__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This again shows that a stable angular geometry is a key to achieving genuine low valent species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the case of the Mg-based species, the equilibrium struc- ture already points towards a Mg(0) species, so that the increase of the Mg-C distance further increases monotonically the gap in the EFO occupations in favour of the Mg moiety in closed-shell dissociation proles (see Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Coincidentally, in Mg-cAAC Me , the ground state is still of OSS nature aer spin-contamination correction, and the occupations of Mg and cAAC frontier EFOs are almost equal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When using the CASSCF wavefunction at this geometry, the situation is more clear, resulting in an Mg(0) description with R(%) ¼ 80 as shown in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 4, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the OS of the central E atom is clearly inuenced by the C-E-C angle, we also analysed the EOS performance along the C-E-C bond angle for Be-cAAC Me and Mg-cAAC Me species at the B3LYP level of theory (Fig. 6)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The occupation of the frontier EFO on E monotonically increases as the C-E-C angle deviates from collinearity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the case of Be, the EFO occupation remains always below 0.3 and that of the ligand remains always larger, even for closed C-Be-C angles (up to ca. 130 ) where the CS solution prevails."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, in the case of Mg-cAAC Me one can observe a crossing point at around 110 where the occupation of the Mg EFO becomes large enough to yield a Mg(0) picture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This occurs even before the closed-shell regime is reached, and in line with the CASSCF results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At this point we can safely state that the +2 oxidation state is a consequence of the strong electron p-accepting properties of the ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is interesting to contrast this analysis with the strong s-donor and weak p-acceptor monoanionic b-diketimi- nate magnesium ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Optimizing the experimentally accomplished Mg-BDI* leads to an almost collinear structure with an Mg-Mg-Mg angle of 175.4 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Structures resulting from reducing the steric encumber hold the same structural features with a bond angle of 180 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the bond lengths are sharply increased from 2.800Å (Mg-BDI*) to 2.917Å (Mg-Nac- Nac)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "No open-shell singlet solutions were found for these compounds, and large vertical singlet-triplet gaps were ob- tained at both DFT and CASSCF levels (>25 kcal mol À1 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As ex- pected, the ligand interaction with the central element is explained by the s-type natural orbital (NO) with an occupancy close to 1.90 (see Fig. S17 and S19†)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The p- and p*-type natural orbitals present occupancies lower than 0.1, a ngerprint of dynamic correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In the triplet state, one electron from the s-type NO needs to be transferred to a p-type NO from the central element."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Besides, the bond dissociation energies 49.0 and 63.9 kcal mol À1 suggest stable compounds for NacNac and BDI* derivatives, respectively, in agreement with the large Mg- Mg BOs (0.76 and 0.52)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0009__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Note that Mg-BDI* has a lower BO despite the higher dissociation energy, due to the dispersion interaction between the ligands."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In line with these ndings, EOS analysis also yields a relatively straightforward Mg(0) assignation (see Table S4 and Fig. S38†)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This concept can be used to take beryllium to even lower oxidation states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Be-NacNac and Be-BDI* are predicted to be stable towards the dissociation, with 70.0 and 83.9 kcal mol À1 , respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The description of the electronic structures shows no appreciable diradical character, with singlet-triplet gaps of 30.2 and 35.7 kcal mol À1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given the higher electronegativity of Be with respect to Mg, the partial charges at Be are strongly negative À0.90 and À0.42 au."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Formally, these molecules bear a beryllium atom with an oxidation state of À2, which is further corroborated by EOS analysis (see Table S4 and Fig. S39†)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, we re-examine the features of the structure, chemical bonding, and stability of the low-valent group 2 compounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast to the accepted understanding, beryl- lium still remains in the +2 oxidation state territory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The strong s-donor stabilized approach produces an internal electronic rearrangement furnishing diradical(oid) species with two unpaired electrons on the ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Magnesium analogues might present oxidation state zero when the ligands are not too p- acidic, but the chemical bond is too weak to consider these molecules thermally stable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nonetheless, the effective oxidation state analysis suggests that the strongly Mg-based ligands are key to accessing genuine low-valent compounds."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our study does not only give more insight into the peculiar features of the molecules considered, but also suggest a promising novel type of beryllium À2 oxidation state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The presented results indicate that many more are yet to come to the fore from these combinations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4777__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We challenge the assignment of the oxidation state +2 for beryllium and magnesium in the complexes Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 as suggested by Gimferrer et al., Chem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sci. 2022, 13, 6583 in a recent study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A careful review of the data in the ESI contradicts their own statement and shows that the results support the earlier suggestion that the metals are in the zero oxidation state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors reported wrong data for the excitation energies of Be and Mg to the 1D (np2) state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We also correct some misleading statements about the EDA method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In a recent study by Gimferrer et al. [ 1], the authors report quantum chemical calculations of di-coordinated beryllium and magnesium compounds ML2 (M = Be, Mg) with various ligands L, which have been synthesized by different groups in recent years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The focus of the work lies on the assignment of the oxidation state of the metal atoms in the compounds Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 with the ligands cAAC (cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene) that carry bulky Dip (2,6-diisopropylphenyl) substituents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The beryllium complex Be(cAACDip)2 was isolated by Braunschweig and co-workers who also analyzed the bonding situation and suggested that it is the first example of a stable beryllium compound in the zero oxidation state Be(0) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0013__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The magnesium homologue Mg(cAACDip)2 was postulated as an intermediate that quickly rearranges to a more stable species [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using a variety of methods, Gimferrer et al. [ 1] question the assignment of the zero oxidation state and propose that Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 are actually M(+2) (M = Be, Mg) compounds where the ligands bind as anionic diradicals with a doubly charged metal ion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have carefully reviewed the work, and found erroneous data and contradictions between the numerical results and the conclusions in the paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is also a confusing mixture of statements about the electronic structure and bonding situation in low-valent compounds and the importance of the diradicaloid character in the molecules."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, we encountered some misleading statements about the EDA method, which we want to clarify."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, we noticed that the authors did not consider the possibility that the metal atoms could be in the formal oxidation state +1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We will focus in our comment on the beryllium compound Be(cAACDip)2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Fig. 1 shows the bonding scenarios for the compounds M(cAACDip)2 (M = Be, Mg) that were considered by Gimferrer et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0014__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The authors say in the introduction that the model of dative interactions shown in Fig. 1 is unlikely, because the electronegativities of Be (1.57) and Mg (1.31) are much lower than for C (2.55)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This argument does not consider the electronic state of the metal atom, which may significantly change the effective electronegativity of the atom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was already reported a long time ago by Hinze [4], who showed that electronegativity strongly depends on the atomic orbitals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He derived electronegativity values for the atomic valence orbitals responsible for atomic electronegativities, which may differ significantly from the average value that was used by the authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A striking example is the related boron complex (BH)(cAACDip)2, which was isolated and structurally characterized by Bertrand and co-workers in 2011 [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The bonding analysis clearly showed that it is a boron(I) complex that is best described by dative bonds (cAACDip)/(BH))(cAACDip) where the carbon atoms of the ligands are donors and boron is an acceptor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The authors then state that the model of dative bonding shown in Fig. 1a would require excitation energies of 178.3 kcal mol−1 and 399.9 kcal mol−1 for the Be and Mg atoms to acquire the atomic valence state 1D with doubly occupied (n)p2 AOs, respectively, citing a study by Moore and Russell (their ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "24) [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The values are wrong!"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The cited work gives the binding energies in atomic valence orbitals of the atoms but not the double excitation energies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A value of 399.9 kcal mol−1 for the excitation energy of the magnesium atom 1S(3s2) / 1D(3p2) would be much higher than the ionization energy of Mg (176.3 kcal mol−1) which is physically unreasonable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0015__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "We checked the literature and found that the experimental excitation energy to the 1D (2p2) state of Be is 162.5 kcal mol−1 [7] and that the excitation energy to the 1D (3p2) state of Mg is unknown, because it strongly interacts with the 3s and 1D series [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the experimentally known promotion energies to the excited states of the third-row atom Mg are lower than for the second-row atom Be [7], it can be concluded that the excitation energy to the 1D (3p2) state of Mg is <162.5 kcal mol−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "More importantly, the alternative binding model proposed by Gimferrer et al. [ 1] requires a dramatically higher extraction energy of 634.9 kcal mol−1 for the double ionization of Be and 523.0 kcal mol−1 for Mg [7], which is only slightly reduced by the electron affinity of the cAACDip ligands (2 × 18.4 kcal mol−1) [9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The data indicate that the bonding model of dative interactions shown in Fig. 1a needs a significantly lower promotion energy than the model of diradical binding displayed in Fig. 1b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Gimferrer et al. [ 1] analyzed the actual interactions in Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 with the EDA-NOCV (energy decomposition analysis with natural orbitals for chemical valence) [10,11] method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Table 1 shows the numerical results, which were given in their ESI (Table S8) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Crucial information about the most appropriate interacting fragments is provided by the orbital term, which indicates the energy change during the bond formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Fragments which give the lowest energy change for the orbital interactions are the most suitable species to describe the bonding interaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0016__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This has been shown to be very useful for elucidating the nature of the chemical bonds in a large variety of main-group molecules, transition metal complexes as well as lanthanide and actinide compounds [12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors divided the orbital term without explanations in contributions as DEorb and DEorb-HF giving a total value DEorb-corr, which is irrelevant for the assignment of the most suitable fragments and which are misleading nominations, because the data come from DFT calculations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The orbital interactions come from the Kohn–Sham orbitals and not from the Hartree–Fock orbitals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Table 1 shows that the neutral fragments M + (cAAC)2 give a significantly lower orbital interaction than the doubly charged fragments M2+ + (cAAC)2−. The smaller energy contribution of DEorb is the reason why Braunschweig and co-workers assigned the oxidation state zero to Be in Be(cAACDip)2 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Gimferrer et al. [ 1] suggested that one should use the density change rather than the energy change as a criterion for the choice of the oxidation state, saying that the electron flow to the empty pz AO of Be2+ is only 0.42e when doubly charged fragments are used, while 1.49e is transferred from the occupied pz AO of Be(0) when one uses neutral fragments."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But a careful inspection of the data gives a different result."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Table 1 shows that the largest orbital term for the interaction of the doubly charged fragments comes from DEorb-p, which amounts to −211.6 kcal mol−1 and contributes 47.7% to the total orbital interactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Fig. 2 shows the associated deformation density, which is provided as Fig. S41 in the ESI provided by the authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It clearly shows that the orbital interaction describes the formation of the C–Be–C p bond, which is depicted by the blue region of charge accumulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0017__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The calculated charge migration amounts to 1.8e, which is much higher than the charge migration between the neutral fragments (1.5e)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gimferrer et al. [ 1] mentioned the charge migration of 1.8e stating that “75% of the electron flow is associated with the internal reorganization of the fragment density, which certainly has an important energy impact, but has no influence of the oxidation state”. But the deformation density clearly reveals that the electron flow of 1.8e is associated with the charge flow from the occupied ligand orbitals to the vacant C–Be–C p orbital but not with an internal reorganization of the fragment density!"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The cited statement of Gimferrer et al. [ 1] is in conflict with their own results and contradicts their suggestion to use the density change and not the energy change as a criterion for choosing the oxidation state."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The deformation density in Fig. 2 clearly shows that DEorb-p is associated with the formation of C–Be–C p. It follows that even the size of the charge rearrangement suggests that the neutral fragments Be + (cAAC)2 are the best choice for describing the bonding in Be(cAACDip)2 and that the oxidation state of beryllium is Be(0) and not Be(+2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The EDA-NOCV method is a very sophisticated approach for analyzing the nature of the chemical bond [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It has been the subject of critical comments by some workers [14], which has been clarified in a recent study [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The authors state that “EDA cannot distinguish an electron-sharing interaction from a spin-polarized one (diradicaloid)” citing a previous study by them [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The goal of EDA is to analyze the electronic structure in the form of energy components that can be interpreted in a physically meaningful manner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This information is very useful to understand chemical bonds in terms of bonding models based on covalent (orbital) interactions, electrostatic (Coulomb) interactions and Pauli repulsion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 9, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subtle differences, such as between electron-sharing interactions and spin-polarized interactions, fall outside the scope of EDA, and it is improper to criticize the method for not providing information about a particular property that is not the target of EDA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clarifying notes about the EDA have recently been given in the literature [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "EDA uses the electronic structure of the respective method for an energy analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Information about the open-shell and closed-shell nature of the wavefunction, which may have a diradicaloid character due to a small HOMO–LUMO gap, comes from the electronic structure method which is used but not from EDA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "EDA is as good as the quantum theoretical method on which it is based."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "But this issue is irrelevant to the assignment of the oxidation state, which is a model that is based on well-defined rules."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The same holds true for EDA-NOCV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Models are not right or wrong but more or less useful."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "It is odd when the authors question the reliability of the KS-DFT and the energy-based EDA criterion for assigning the valence state of the metal atoms in Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2, when they are using arguments that are in conflict with their own data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The comments by Gimferrer et al. [ 1] could lead to the impression that the EDA-NOCV method using DFT calculations may not be used for molecules with multi-reference characters or open-shell singlet states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0019__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This is not necessarily the case."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Such systems must be carefully tested for the reliability of the DFT approach, which may or may not be valid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A pertinent example is the bonding situation in the calcium complex Ca–CO2, which was recently reported [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The complex has an open-shell singlet ground state, where the bonding interactions take place between a Ca+ (4s1) cation in the doublet ground state and a doublet ground state CO2− anion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The EDA-NOCV calculations using standard DFT calculations provided deep insights into the nature of the chemical bonds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since the paper by Gimferrer et al. [ 1] focusses on the topic of oxidation state, it is useful to cite the revised definition given by the IUPAC which states “The OS of a bonded atom equals its charge after ionic approximation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the ionic approximation, the atom that contributes more to the bonding molecular orbital (MO) becomes negative.” [ 18] Inspection of the MOs of Be(cAACDip)2 shows that the largest coefficient of the cAACDip) Be/cAACDip p bonding MO is at beryllium (see Fig. S11, occupation 1.80, in the ESI), which suggests that Be(0) is the appropriate formal oxidation state of the metal atom."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is important to realize that the formal oxidation state of an atom is not identical to the atomic charges and the real electronic state in a molecule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This is sometimes confused."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0020__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A famous example is the debate in the 90s, when Snyder questioned the assignment of the oxidation state Cu(III) in [Cu(CF3)4]− [19]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 5, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A more recent example concerns the oxidation state in the coordinatively saturated metal carbonyls M(CO)8 of group 2 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) which were recently synthesized and theoretically analyzed with the EDA-NOCV method [20a]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model of chemical bonding, all carbonyls are M(0) complexes, but the EDA-NOCV method showed that the best description for the metal–CO interactions comes from M+ + (CO)8− [20b–d]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Gimferrer et al. [ 1] report a large number of numerical results using a variety of methods which suggest that the electronic structures of some of the investigated complexes have a diradicaloid character due to a low singlet–triplet gap which are assigned as open-shell singlets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They also report a global reliability index R(%) measuring to which extent the formal OS model matches the actual electron distribution, which varies between 59 and 100% (Table 1 in their paper)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But the reported bond dissociation energies (BDEs) given in Tables S5–S7 of the ESI of their work show very similar BDE values at different levels of theory, which question the value of the R(%) data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The authors also report the results of the EOS (Effective Orbital State) [21] method, which is based on atomic fragments that are defined in different ways and can lead to different results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example, the EOS analysis using the Mulliken or Löwdin approaches gives Be(0) for Be(cAACMe) whereas the NAO and QTAIM procedures suggest Be(+2) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Another concern is the EOS result that the magnesium atom in Mg(cAACMe) is Mg(0) while in Mg(cAACDip) it is Mg(+2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A drastic alteration in the nature of the Mg-cAACR bond from Mg(0) to Mg(+2) by changing the rather remote substituent R is questionable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Another puzzling feature is the complete omission of the possibility that the metal atoms have the oxidation state +1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0021__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In the paper by Braunschweig and co-workers it was shown that the EDA-NOCV results of Be(cAACDip) using singly charged fragments give slightly higher values for the orbital term DEorb than using neutral fragments [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We repeated the calculations at the same level of theory as the authors but with the inclusion of dispersion interactions, which had not been considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found that the DEorb values using singly charged and neutral fragments become nearly equal, which means that Be(cAACDip) may be described with the oxidation states Be(0) or Be(+1) but clearly not with Be(+2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In summary, we note that the assignment of the oxidation state +2 for beryllium and magnesium in the complexes Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 as suggested by Gimferrer et al. is not valid and that the conclusion is not supported by their own data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A critical inspection of their data corroborates the earlier assignment of the oxidation state zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__critique__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors reported wrong data for the excitation energies of Be and Mg to the 1D (np2) state, which are the electronic reference state of the metal atoms for the dative interactions with the cAACDip ligands."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4777__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A recent article by Pan and Frenking challenges our assignment of the oxidation state of low valent group 2 compounds."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With this reply, we show that our assignment of Be(+2) and Mg(+2) oxidation states in Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 is fully consistent with our data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some of the arguments exposed by Pan and Frenking were based on visual inspection of our figures, rather than a thorough numerical analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We discuss with numerical proof that some of the statements made by the authors concerning our reported data are erroneous."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, we provide further evidence that the criterion of the lowest orbital interaction energy in the energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method is unsuitable as a general tool to assess the valence state of the fragments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Other indicators based on natural orbitals for chemical valence (NOCV) deliver a more reliable bonding picture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We also emphasize the importance of using stable wavefunctions for any kind of analysis, including EDA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan and Frenking [1] have challenged our recent assignment of the formal oxidation state of the beryllium and magnesium family of di-coordinated compounds ML2 (M = Be, Mg) with ligands of cyclic (alkyl) (amino) carbene (cAAC) and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) types [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a landmark study, the group of Braunschweig isolated and characterized the Be(cAACDip)2 complex [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors described the system as the first example of a stable beryllium compound in the zero oxidation state Be(0), where the bonding situation consists of two donor–acceptor interactions between cAAC ligands and the central atom cAAC(0) $ Be(0) % cAAC(0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The preparation of the heavier analogue Mg(cAACDip)2 has been attempted by Turner, but under the reaction conditions a ligand activation is observed, giving evidence for a highly reactive transient species [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our original work [2], we provided an alternative picture where the strong p-acidity of the ligand causes its own reduction giving rise to the singlet diradicaloid L(−1) / E(+2) ) L(−1) situation [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The non-innocent behavior of cAAC ligands in main group and transition metal complexes has been discussed in a number of computational and experimental studies [5-9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the most relevant findings of our work [2] is that the closed-shell single determinant wavefunction is either not stable (B3LYP) or higher in energy than a broken-symmetry KS-DFT solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This indication of significant static correlation prompted us to rely on multireference wavefunctions (CASSCF in particular) to study the electronic structure of these species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Besides the usual electronic structure indicators, we applied the effective oxidation state (EOS) analysis to assign the oxidation state of the central atom and that of the ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This approach, introduced in 2015 by some of us [10], has already been tested on a wide variety of challenging systems, exposing some limitations of algorithms preferred by IUPAC [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast to energy decomposition analysis (EDA) [12-14], EOS was specifically devised solely for the purpose of assigning oxidation states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It should be noted that other approaches specifically designed for OS assignment such as Head-Gordon's Localized Orbital Bonding Analysis (LOBA) [15] or the recently introduced Oxidation State Localized Orbitals (OSLO) [16] can only be applied for single-determinant wavefunctions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "EOS is the only scheme of that kind that can be applied on equal footing for single-determinant and multiconfigurational wavefunctions, and hence it was the natural choice for our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Remarkably, only a small part of the criticism of Pan and Frenking actually refers to our preferred methodological framework, with arguments that are rather bizarre or simply faulty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For instance, they state that the EOS scheme “[.] is based on atomic fragments that are defined in different ways and can lead to different results” [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While this is a pretty accurate description of the EDA approach, it does not apply to EOS analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In EOS, one needs to define the composing fragments, in this case the central atom and each ligand, but not their reference state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As such, the EOS approach is free of bias (vide infra) [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Then, the occupation of the fragment's domain natural orbitals (i.e. Mayer's effective fragment orbitals, henceforth EFOs) is used to assign electron pairs (or individual electrons in open-shell systems) to the fragments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Rather than rounding the occupation numbers to the closest integer, the EFOs of all fragments are sorted in descending order."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The most plausible OS assignment (for all fragments) is the one in which the electron pairs are assigned to the highest occupied EFOs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A reliability index R (%) quantifies the extent to which the discrete OS values match the actual electronic structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It is simply derived from the occupation numbers of the frontier EFOs in the EOS procedure [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In fact, it is not the way the fragments are defined, but rather the identification of the atom in the molecule (AIM) that influences the numerical results to some extent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0026__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In Tables S9 and S10 of our original work, we already provided numerical evidence of the effect of using one or another AIM definition to obtain the EFOs [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan and Frenking pinpoint the case of Be(cAACMe)2, for which using classical Löwdin analysis results in a Be(0) OS (with a very low R (%) value, a close-call situation, in contrast with a clear Be(+2) OS when using more reliable AIM approaches like the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) [18] or the Natural Atomic Orbital (NAO) basis [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pan and Frenking failed to notice that Löwdin's partial atomic charge on Be is −0.47 e, in sharp contrast with the other AIM approaches tested (well over +1.0 e)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They also missed the case of Mg(cAACMe)2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here, the Löwdin partial charge on Mg is as low as −0.75 e, while it is ca. +0.4 e when using NAO or QTAIM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Remarkably, in all three cases the EOS analysis still yields the same undisputable OS assignment of Mg(0)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A less biased perception of Tables S9 and S10 indicates that (i) EOS analysis is significantly more robust than partial atomic charges and (ii) partial atomic charges neither correspond to nor correlate with oxidation states, as repeatedly observed, and in line with IUPAC's definition of OS and the winner-takes-all principle [20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 7, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At this point it should become clear that we did not “omit the possibility that the metal atoms has the oxidation state +1”: such a faddy result (which necessarily implies a formal OS of −1 for each of the ligands) simply cannot stem from the wavefunction analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Artificially forcing the EOS scheme to produce a particular set of OS on the fragments, by definition, results in a lower R (%) value (in fact, even below the worst-case scenario of R (%) = 50)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pan and Frenking also cast doubts on the fact that for Mg(cAACMe)2 we obtain Mg(0) while for Mg(cAACDip)2 it is Mg(+2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Accordingly, “a drastic alteration in the nature of the Mg-cAACR bond from Mg(0) to Mg(2+) by changing the rather remote substituent R is questionable”. They regrettably failed to notice in Table 1 and Fig. 1 of our manuscript that the C–Mg–C bond angle goes from 107.8° to almost collinear (179°) by the steric effect of the remote substituent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, we must also refer to Pan and Frenking most unjustified criticism: “[.] the reported bond dissociation energies (BDEs) given in Tables S5–S7 of the ESI of their work show very similar BDE values at different levels of theory, which question the value of the R (%) data”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In fact, the R (%) values are obtained from the EOS analysis of the multireference CASSCF wavefunctions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There is no relationship between the BDEs and the R (%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 19], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan and Frenking also confound some statements and data we provide in the introductory part of our original manuscript, which merely served as hints to illustrate that the original Be(0) assignment might not be appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This background information was not implying that Be(0) assignment must be incorrect, but was rather highlighting the uncertainty in previous assessment that prompted the more comprehensive analysis we performed in our work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From their comments it appears that we actually share the view on most of the fundamental aspects of the oxidation state concept, but again, they distorted our statements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "First of all, we agree with Pan and Frenking that merely considering the atomic electronegativities of the contact atoms to decide the fate of the electrons of a bond is troublesome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Some of us have already discussed this issue in detail [10], and that is precisely why we advocate for alternative approaches to simplistic IUPAC algorithms, such as EOS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Now, we did not question the existence of dative bonds between the ligands and Be/Mg on the basis of their respective electronegativities as Pan and Frenking insinuated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is clearly not the point."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The point is, in the context of IUPAC's ionic approximation (IA), any bond (dative or covalent) will have the corresponding electron pair assigned to either Be/Mg or C, and in the most straightforward application of IA, it should be assigned to the most electronegative atom [20], which is the carbon atom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is what stems from EOS analysis in the cases in question such as Be(cAACDip)2, as illustrated in Fig. S37 of our original manuscript."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The occupation of the s-type EFO on the ligands (0.85) is much higher than that of the s-type EFO on Be (0.18), which results in the electron pair of the s M–L bond unambiguously assigned to the ligands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "What is really relevant from the OS point of view is the assignment of the p electrons of the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In the Be(0) picture, the electrons of the 3c–2e p-bond are assigned to the less electronegative atom, at odds with IUPAC's simple rules [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Since the latter are not foolproof we conducted EOS analysis, which in this case is crystal clear: as shown in Fig. S37 of ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "[ 2], the occupation of the p-type EFO on Be (0.12) is much smaller that of the p-type EFO of the ligands (0.44), which keep the electrons, resulting in a Be(+2) picture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "In our original manuscript, we also explicitly stated that Ponec and Cooper had also questioned the fate of the p-electrons using domain-averaged Fermi-hole (DAFH) analysis for a Be(cAACH)2 model system [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "According to Ponec and Cooper, the electron pair formally originally occupying the Be(2pp) orbital contributes symmetrically to such an extent into the originally empty p orbitals on the carbene-like moieties that there is only a very small residual population on Be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In fact, the DAFH analysis reveals a contribution to the p bonding of 0.14 from Be and 0.95 from each of the ligands (see Fig. 1 of ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "[ 21])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0029__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "This is in full agreement with our results and with a Be(+2) formal valence state."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pan and Frenking also appear to estimate the contribution of an AO to a given MO just by looking at the orbital plot."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They focus on a p-type natural orbital with a natural occupation of 1.80."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They claim without any proof that the largest coefficient of that orbital is at the Be atom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Then, according to IUPAC's IA, the electron pair should be assigned to Be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They quote a statement from ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "[ 20] that in our view represents a naïve and ambiguous point on the relationship between AO coefficients and OS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This issue has already been discussed elsewhere by some of us [22], so we will only provide a quick answer to Pan and Frenking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "First of all, the orbital they refer is a natural orbital corresponding to our CASSCF description of Be(NHCDip)2, not Be(cAACDip)2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For the latter, the relevant orbital is given in Fig. S15 of our original manuscript [2], with a natural occupation of 1.64."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It is not so obvious which is the contribution of a given fragment holding a set of non-orthogonal AOs to a molecular or natural orbital."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "One may consider an orthogonal basis instead, such as a Löwdin's variant implemented in pySCF [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The orbital coefficients of the 2pz and 3pz AOs of Be are 0.399 and −0.096 for Be(NHCDip)2, and 0.291 and −0.095 for Be(cAACDip)2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "For comparison, just the coefficient of the 2pz AOs of each of the two contact carbon atoms of the ligands is 2 × 0.495 and 0.541 and 0.512 (non-symmetric orbital), respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The population of these natural orbitals on Be (i.e. sum of the square of the coefficients on an orthogonal basis) is merely 0.18 and 0.11, respectively, not too different from the DAFH and EFO occupations discussed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0030__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Looks can be deceiving."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 2, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We do concede to Pan and Frenking that the excitation energies of Mg that we discussed in the Introduction of ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "[ 2] are plainly wrong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That was a regrettable mistake and we are grateful to them for pointing it out, despite being irrelevant to the discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pan and Frenking used the ionization potential and electron affinity of the fragments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They took the electron affinity of cAACDip from a PBE0/def2-TZVP calculation without Zero Point Vibration Energy (ZPVE) correction [24], which does not meet the definition of molecular electron affinity [25] (it is not 18.4 kcal mol−1 but 14.5 kcal mol−1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Surely, the ionization energies required to achieve a real (not formal!) Be2+ species are much higher than those needed to reorganize the valence electron in a Be(0) picture, but this does not preclude the possibility of a formal Be(+2) OS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Otherwise, how to justify the O(−2) formal OS in H2O, where the formation of O2− (which is unstable, by the way) from O(0) is endothermic by +167.8 kcal mol−1 (refs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "[ 26] and [27]) and the ionization potential of H is +313.3 kcal mol−1 [28]?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Surely, Pan and Frenking are not challenging the formal OS assignments in the water molecule."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 3, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another set of criticism from Pan and Frenking points towards our illustrative EDA calculations and EDA-NOCV analysis of these Be and Mg complexes, reported in the ESI of our original work [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pan and Frenking stated: “we repeated the calculations at the same level of theory as the authors but with inclusion of dispersion interactions, which had not been considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We found that the DEorb values using singly charged and neutral fragments become nearly equal, which means that Be(cAACDip) may be described with the oxidation states Be(0) or Be(+1) but clearly not with Be(+2).” Unfortunately, these calculations were neither reported nor used in their comment, and instead they reused our original Table S8 as Table 1 in their comment, which in fact always included dispersion corrections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "First of all, assuming they did not reoptimize the geometry, the inclusion of dispersion will only provide a new stabilizing term DEdisp, with exactly the same DEorb values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Secondly, they complain about our notation, where the total orbital interaction term DEorb-corr is presented as a sum of DEorb and DEorb-HF contributions, and they erroneously assume that we used them for our interpretation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Taking into account that the analysis is performed at the B3LYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P level of theory, the latter corresponds to the contribution from 20% of exact-exchange of the density functional approximation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The reason the two terms are given explicitly is connected to the fact that the current implementation of EDA-NOCV does not decompose the non-local HF-like exchange contribution to DEorb [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Such information has been described in dedicated technical literature and also could be easily checked in the outputs of their own calculations, or even in former tables reported by Pan and Frenking [30,31]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 16, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [16, 16, 16], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, and more importantly, Pan and Frenking claim that our analysis of the electron flow of the NOCVs is wrong just by how the deformation density looks like in our Fig. S41."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They ignore the actual contributions of the symmetry-adapted fragment orbital (SFO) basis to the deformation density, which are also provided in our Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Let us repeat here our point concerning the p channel from the NOCV analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the sake of simplicity, we will consider the total a and b contributions together."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For each channel k, the deformation density is written as Drk(r) = |nk| Σm ck m ck* v c* m(r)cv(r) - Σm ck* m ck v c* m(r)cv(r), where nk is the eigenvalue (in absolute value) and the pair of NOCVs are expressed in the (orthogonal) SFO basis {c} by the coefficients ck."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Integrating the deformation density leads to 0 = ∫ Drk(r)dr = Σm |ck m|^2 - Σm |ck* m|^2, which readily affords a decomposition in terms of the SFO basis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The most significant contributions of the SFOs can be found in the output of a typical NOCV run."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "When using a Be0 reference, the corresponding eigenvalue is ca."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "|1.5|, meaning that an electron flow of 1.5 e is associated with this particular channel of the deformation density."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In this case, it can be seen that the 2pz-type SFO on Be exhibits a very large and negative contribution of −1.49 e, meaning that electrons move from this orbital to those with positive contribution (ligands, in this case)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This SFO contribution essentially fully accounts for the whole charge transfer of this channel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "When using a Be2+ reference, the eigenvalue of the deformation density is |1.8|, but the contribution of the 2pz-type SFO on Be is merely +0.42 e. The positive contributions from other SFOs of the Be moiety are negligible, so ca. necessarily +1.4 e move into the ligand (and from the ligands, as indicated by the ligand-centered larger negative SFO contributions)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Regrettably, Pan and Frenking strongly relied on our selected isocontour value (our Fig. S41 of the original manuscript and Fig. 2 in their comment) although the orbital interaction shows a Be contribution only at low isocontour values, while for bigger isocontour values it shows only the participation of the carbene carbon of the cAAC ligands (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "This intrafragment charge-transfer process can be even more clearly seen with the NOCV orbitals, where the major contribution comes from the p-orbital of the cAAC ligands (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "A similar analysis can now be carried out not in the orbital space but in the real space, using a Hirshfeld-type partitioning for the entire fragments (A) [32], ∫ wA(r)Drk(r)dr = ΣA Dqk A, which affords the same picture albeit with a much smaller charge transfer (−0.78 e on Be for the Be0 reference and +0.04 e on Be for the Be2+ reference) (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Hence, the actual numbers, and not a mere picture, evidence that there is much less electron flow between fragments using the Be2+ reference, thus invalidating the Pan and Frenking claim."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "For completeness, we have performed the EDA-NOCV analysis with the correct wavefunction also for the rather odd Be1+ fragmentation (see Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The NOCVs of the p-bonding channel using a Be1+ fragmentation indicate an intermediate situation between using Be2+ and Be0, as might be anticipated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "The eigenvalue of the deformation density is |1.54|, while the contribution of the 2pz-type SFO on Be is −0.51 e, slightly larger than the value using Be2+ discussed above (+0.42 e)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "In the Be1+ case, however, it originates from a partial cancelation of a (−0.75 e) and b (+0.24 e) contributions, thus indicating a much significant charge-reorganization than when using Be2+ as reference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Yet, from an energy perspective, Be0 and Be1+ show lower DEorb values than the Be2+ fragmentation scheme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Does this necessarily mean that the oxidation state of Be cannot be Be(+2), while all other evidence clearly points toward this situation? Has the criterion of the lowest orbital interaction term been carefully tested in the past?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "In this sense, some of us considered the simplest case of H2O when evaluating an OS assignment method based on the position of the centroids of localized orbitals with respect to the atoms [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "We found that the method failed to describe H2O as formally H(+1) and O(−2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0033__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "As will become clear later on, this kind of proof of concept calculations were regrettably skipped when putting forward EDA's orbital interaction energy as a general criterion to establish appropriate valence states and OS (vide infra)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After having addressed Pan and Frenking's inaccurate statements, let us go back to square one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As mentioned above, the closed-shell KS-DFT wavefunction of many of these systems are either not stable or a lower in energy broken-symmetry solution is found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the case of Be(cAACDip)2, the corresponding ⟨S2⟩ value is 0.57, which cannot be ignored at all."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, this is supported by the computed D1 diagnostic [34], which exceeds in all the cases the reference value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consistently, the weight of the closed-shell configuration is for all the complexes below 0.85."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Local spin analysis [35] thus reveals a significant diradicaloid character, with local spins centered at both cAACDip ligands."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "That is why we claim that these systems have diradicaloid character, not because they exhibit a small singlet–triplet gap, as Pan and Frenking stated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The CASSCF description also confirms this picture, both from the significant occupation of the antibonding natural orbital of the Be(cAACDip)2 p bond (0.36) and from the local spin analysis values reported in Table 1 of our original paper [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This situation is quite similar to that of the largely discussed bonding in the [NaBH3]− cluster [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our earlier work on that subject [36], we already showed that “EDA cannot distinguish an electron-sharing interaction from a spin-polarized one (diradicaloid)”, at least by only looking at the energy components."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pan and Frenking do not confront the statement and clearly underestimate the implications of this fact, by stating that these are subtle differences and fall outside the scope of EDA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We could not agree more with their own statement: “the EDA is as good as the quantum theoretical method on which it is based” [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We in fact extend it to any wavefunction analysis method."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "That is precisely why one should make sure that an appropriate wavefunction is considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "At least one can check whether it has internal instabilities or not. But how can this not be relevant for OS assignment from wavefunction analysis? If a given bond between A and B is “electron-sharing”, the electron pair will be allocated to either A or B depending on the direction of the ionic approximation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "If there is enough spin polarization of the bond, a more reasonable result might be the homolytic distribution of electrons [37], since in the extreme case (a pure diradical) there is no “sharing” of electrons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The structure of the single-determinant closed-shell wavefunction and that of a broken-symmetry one can be very different, and this can even be taken into consideration for the EDA analysis (Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In contrast, they justify their systematic misuse of EDA with “[.] it is odd to criticize the method for not providing information about a particular property that is not the target of EDA.” Should we stop caring about using the correct wavefunction?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Notably, Pan and Frenking brought the case of the Ca–CO2 complex in their comment [39], as an example where EDA-NOCV works for a system with open-shell singlet ground state character."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Indeed, this is not their best example since one can clearly notice in their original paper that they have in fact used once more a closed-shell unstable wavefunction in their EDA-NOCV analysis, ignoring their own described diradical character [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0035__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We have carried out the correct calculations, and we also present herein the obtained results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 gathers the outcome of the EDA for the closed-shell (unstable) and open-shell wavefunctions for the situation where the fragments are a Ca+(4s1) cation in the doublet ground state and a doublet CO2− anion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results for both calculations are very similar: the only change in the energy components is in the DEorb, (i.e. 3.2 kcal mol−1 in the DEint), as illustrated in Fig. 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is because using closed-shell (unstable) or open-shell (stable) wavefunctions only affects the last step of the EDA process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, the associated NOCVs exhibit significant differences in the charge transfer, as shown in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the wrongly computed example by Pan and Frenking, the first deformation density channel has an eigenvalue of 1.26, with main contributions from Ca+(4s1) to the CO2− SOMO (Fig. 4 CSS wavefunction)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Note that their original article does not include this information [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Applying EDA to the correct OSS wavefunction leads to a decrease of the eigenvalue to only 0.60, indicating a significant change in the electron density."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Indeed, applying EOS to the closed-shell wavefunction indicates a Ca(+2) with R (%) = 94.4, while with the OSS wavefunction, EOS unambiguously indicates now an oxidation state Ca(+1) with R (%) = 93.6, which is the assignation Frenking reported by analyzing the wrong wavefunction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is evident that Pan and Frenking are only stacked in the criterion of the lowest orbital interaction term, which looks more like a “credo” than a carefully tested indication of the best electronic reference situation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is a good exercise to track back where their recited creed “those fragments which give the lowest energy change for the orbital interactions are the most suitable species to describe the bonding interaction” comes from."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to them, this is a proven fact; however, their citations only go to articles with the same phrase and no proof."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To the best of our knowledge, the first mention of this was given in 2007 [40,41], but there is no sign of a thorough systematic study of this matter, only a belief [42-46]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One should not forget the memorable Feynman's quote: one must not verify an idea using the same data that suggested the idea in the first place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is interesting to point out that some authors have already questioned its validity [6,47]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Also, as repeatedly stated by the original developers of the EDA, the orbital interaction term includes both charge-transfer and polarization contributions, also within the fragments as shown here, which can certainly blur the analysis [48-51]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Some of us have been diagnosing the problems associated with such an energetic criterion when it comes to OS assignment in general (notice that it is never considered in any of the IUPAC technical reports), and found that EDA-NOCV can still be a valuable tool if the interfragment electron flow is considered instead."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "It is out of the scope of the present response to discuss the details, which will be given elsewhere soon [52], but we can already disclose a quite surprising result."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "There is no need to use the exotic Be(cAACDip)2 system to observe that the orbital interaction is not a good indicator of the best electronic reference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "As shown on Table 3, BeH2 would be in fact best described as Be(0) and H(0) by the lowest orbital interaction energy criterion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0037__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Are Pan and Frenking also challenging the oxidation state of BeH2?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 4, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4777", "paragraph_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conclusions Our assignment of Be(+2) and Mg(+2) oxidation states in Be(cAACDip)2 and Mg(cAACDip)2 is fully consistent with our data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although Pan and Frenking have claimed a critical inspection of our data, their arguments are based on superficial visual inspection of our figures rather than a thorough numerical analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, we showcase their recent flawed application of EDA to diradicaloid species Ca–CO2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We provide evidence that the criterion of the lowest orbital interaction energy using EDA to determine the valence state of fragments is intrinsically unreliable, since it already fails for a simple system such as BeH2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As the oxidation state is a density based property, NOCV analysis can be a more reliable indicator of the best reference state."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4777__response__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "EDA-NOCV is without doubt a very useful method for bonding analysis, yet it should be used with appropriate care."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4777/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4283656457_W4311765748_W4311762759", "triad_name": "triad_4777", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4777__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by acute phases of positive symptoms (e.g. hallucinations, delusions, and behavioral disturbances) as well as negative symptoms (e.g. lack of emotion, reduced interest in day- to-day activities, and social withdrawal)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These symptoms are often present even in stable phases, although they often worsen during acute exacerbations or relapses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Repeated relapses may cause the functioning of patients to deteriorate further [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Relapse prevention is therefore a fundamental element in the management of schizophrenia [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Maintenance treatment with regular long-term use of antipsychotic medication [4, 5] and continuity of care is essential in the prevention of relapses [6-8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Poor adher- ence and its associated fluctuations in blood plasma levels of treatment medications is a critical factor in the poor out- comes experienced by some patients [9, 10] and has been"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The application of pharmacokinetic and pharmacody- namic evidence provided a flexible modeling framework as well as robust results, as shown by the successful validation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The framework has potential for further appli- cation in other therapies and disease areas with similar data restrictions, which is relevant for model-informed drug development programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The findings may help physicians and US payers make informed decisions considering both the clinical and the economic consequences of the different available long- acting injectable dose regimens in patient care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "from different aripiprazole LAI dose regimens, (2) a phar- macodynamic model linking these blood plasma levels with relapse rates over time, and (3) a pharmacoeconomic model outlining the health and economic outcomes of the LAI dose regimens, based on the modeled relapse rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This paper presents an application of a pharmacokinetic-pharmacody- namic-pharmacoeconomic (PK-PD-PE) [17], or pharma- cometric-pharmacoeconomic (PMPE) [16], model for the pharmacoeconomic assessment of different aripiprazole LAI dose regimens for the treatment of schizophrenia to inform clinical and payer decisions in the USA in a postmarketing setting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The modeled population consisted of adults with schizo- phrenia, in accordance with the indications of AM and AL [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A patient cohort was simulated by bootstrapping the pivotal trial data of AM [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The cohort had a mean age of 39 years, a mean height of 170 cm, and mean weight of 81 kg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In total, 36% of the cohort was female, and 5% had a poor cytochrome P450-2D6 metabolizer status."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The analysis compared eight LAI dose regimens: two AM dose regimens (400 or 300 mg every 4 weeks [q4wk]) and six AL dose regimens (441 or 662 or 882 mg q4wk, 882 or 1064 mg every 6 weeks [q6wk], 1064 mg every 8 weeks [q8wk])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Please note that according to expert opinion, in clinical practice, AL 441 mg and AM 300 mg are generally used only when patients do not tolerate higher doses [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The model assumed that AM and AL were administered as single intramuscular injections according to the package insert [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the first 14 days of AM treatment and for the first 21 days of AL treatment, oral aripiprazole monohy- drate 15 mg daily was administered concomitantly [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The model assumed complete adherence to medication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The analysis assumed treatment after discontinuation of LAI was standard of care (SoC), consisting of the oral medications olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The analysis took a US healthcare payer perspective and considered only direct healthcare costs (cost year of 2021)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The time horizon was 1 year starting at LAI initiation, a scenario typically relevant for US payers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A scenario analy- sis evaluated a 2-year time horizon."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In line with guidelines, costs were discounted by 3% per year in this scenario [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "linked with symptom exacerbation, disease relapse, and increased need for hospitalization [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics avoid the need to take oral medication every day and may, as such, be more effective than oral antipsychotics in improving medica- tion adherence and persistence [6, 10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aripiprazole mono- hydrate (AM) [12] and aripiprazole lauroxil (AL), a prodrug that is converted to aripiprazole [13], are LAI formulations of aripiprazole with different pharmacokinetic profiles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dif- ferent dose regimens of AM and AL are currently used for the maintenance treatment of adults with schizophrenia [12, 13], and clinical data have shown that these result in vary- ing steady-state average aripiprazole plasma concentrations (C avg ) [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aim of this study was to compare the costs and effects, specifically relapses, of the available aripiprazole LAI dose regimens and, in particular, to assess the conse- quences of different frequencies of administration to inform clinical and US payer decisions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pharmacoeconomic mod- els comparing the costs and effects of different treatment options typically rely on comparative long-term outcome data from phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This type of evidence is not, and likely will not be, avail- able for all the AL doses in the current comparison, as two dose regimens (662 and 1064 mg) were granted US FDA approval based on combining phase I pharmacokinetic data and simulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The simulated steady-state exposures of these doses were compared with those dose regimens with phase III outcome data supporting their approval using a so-called \"bridging approach\" [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the absence of RCT data, pharmacometric models can be used to simulate clinical inputs for the pharmaco- economic analysis [16, 17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This analysis consists of three sequential components: (1) a pharmacokinetic model charac- terizing the blood plasma concentrations over time resulting 123 Integrated Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic-Pharmacoeconomic Modeling of Treatment for Schizophrenia"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A targeted literature review was conducted to identify pub- lished PK-PD-PE models of adults with schizophrenia to inform model structure and model inputs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 1 provides an overview of the model, consisting of the pharmacoki- netic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacoeconomic com- ponents, and shows how these are linked together."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the pharmacokinetic component of the model was used to simulate the aripiprazole plasma concentration over time and the minimum concentration per dosing interval (C min ) for each LAI dose regimen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Second, the pharmacodynamic component was used to derive the probability of relapse conditional on the simulated aripiprazole C min ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This served as effectiveness data in the pharmacoeconomic model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The pharmacoeconomic model itself was a Markov patient-level simulation with five health states representing remission on LAI, relapse on LAI, remission on SoC, relapse on SoC, and death."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients entered the model in the health state \"remission on LAI,\" where they were treated with an LAI dose regimen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients experiencing a relapse moved to the health state \"relapse on LAI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "\" Patients who discontinued LAI moved to \"remission on SoC\" or \"relapse on SoC\" if they also experienced a relapse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients who recovered from their relapse moved to the \"remission\" health state."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From all health states, patients could move to the absorbing health state \"death.\" Adverse events were not modeled because evi- dence regarding adverse events at different C min was unavail- able and evidence also suggested that the safety profiles of AM and AL were similar [20, 21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The model had a cycle length of 2 weeks, which was the highest common denomi- nator of the 4-, 6-, and 8-week regimens of the evaluated LAIs, was built in R version 4.0.2 [1], and made use of the RxODE package [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The following (interim) outcomes were generated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• In the pharmacokinetic model:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "o the minimum aripiprazole plasma concentration per dosing interval, i.e. C min"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• In the pharmacodynamic model:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "o the probability of relapse per patient over time based on C min over time, and o the average number of relapses per treatment regi- men within the time horizon."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• In the pharmacoeconomic model:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two pharmacokinetic models, one for each LAI, were selected based on methodological robustness and similarity in model structures [18, 22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both pharmacokinetic models were published by the respective manufacturers and based on clinical trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The pharmacokinetic model for AM was a three-compartment model with one central and two periph- eral compartments [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The pharmacokinetic model for AL was a two-compartment model with one central and one peripheral compartment [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In both models, the absorp- tion of aripiprazole from the oral depot during the initiation phase was described by a first-order process [18, 22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the AM pharmacokinetic model, the absorption of aripipra- zole from the intramuscular depot was modeled by a first- order process to reflect the bolus injection [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the AL pharmacokinetic model, the enzymatic conversion of AL to aripiprazole was described by a zero-order process with lag time, and the absorption of aripiprazole was modeled by a first-order process [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Details of the equations used can be found in electronic supplementary material (ESM)- 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both models were built in NONMEM software and were replicated in R for seamless integration with the pharmaco- dynamic and pharmacoeconomic elements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The pharmacokinetic parameters were dependent on a set of covariates that were randomly bootstrapped for each simulated patient and subject to uncertainty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The C min of each simulated patient during each dosing interval follow- ing different LAI regimens was simulated based on the patients' baseline characteristics and the administered LAI dose regimen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on the estimated Cmin values from the aforemen- tioned pharmacokinetic models, a pharmacodynamic model characterizing the relationship between aripiprazole C min and relapse was used to derive the probability of relapse for each simulated patient during each dosing interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The pharma- codynamic model was developed using SAS software [23] by the sponsor of this study using data from 315 patients receiving either placebo or 300/400 mg AM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It modeled relapse probability as a function of aripiprazole C min using a survival model with an exponential hazard function [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The proportional hazard assumption did not hold for a con- tinuous hazard function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A dichotomous hazard function with a cut-off value of C min = 95 ng/mL was used in line with previous analyses [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Different models were fitted, and the exponential hazard function was chosen based on goodness-of-fit statistics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As an alternative scenario, a con- tinuous hazard rate as a function of C min was fitted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The haz- ard rates generated were transformed into a 14-day relapse probability to match with the model's cycle length."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0026__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The probability of transition from remission to relapse with LAI treatment could therefore be calculated conditional on the estimated C min value of each simulated patient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The pharmacoeconomic model calculated the costs of treat- ment and relapse associated with each LAI dose regimen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Table 1 shows an overview of the transition probabilities, including the C min -dependent relapse probability for LAI estimated in the pharmacodynamic model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The transition probability from remission to relapse with SoC treatment was informed by the weighted average of probabilities of olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and ziprasidone [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The probability of transitioning from relapse to remission was derived from Medicaid data indicating a duration of first relapse of 4 weeks and was equal for all LAIs and SoC [26]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The discontinuation rate was informed by a medication dis- continuation study using Truven MarketScan administrative claims data, which reported an annual all-cause discontinu- ation probability of 75.2% for patients with schizophre- nia treated with AM [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rate of 5.2% per cycle was assumed to also apply to patients treated with AL."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mortality among people with schizophrenia is known to be higher than in the general population [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The age- and sex-dependent background mortality [29] was therefore adjusted with a standardized schizophrenia mortality ratio of 3.7 [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mortality risk was assumed equal in all alive health states."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wholesale average drug acquisition costs were sourced from the IBM Micromedex RED BOOK, and an overview of the costs is presented in Table 2 [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "SoC treatment was assumed to consist of equal proportions of oral olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, and ziprasidone, in line with previ- ous analyses [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additional costs for the IM administration of AM and AL of $US14.31 per injection applied [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Disease management costs of patients in remission were included as a monthly monitoring visit relating to routine psychiatric and nonpsychiatric care, at a price of $US103.93 per visit [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The same source informed the costs associated with a relapse, reporting that 77.3% of patients experiencing relapse required hospitalization (Table 3) [25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To inform the patient-level simulation, the population was bootstrap-simulated until convergence of C min was reached (N = 2000), and distributions of C min and C avg in steady state were generated as well as a pharmacokinetic profile over time for each LAI dose regimen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The number of relapses and the costs of LAIs, relapses, and SoC were presented per dose regimen as well as incremental results comparing dose regimens and the incremental cost per relapse avoided, using the dose regimen with the lowest mean number of relapses as the reference treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using a probabilistic analysis (PA), we investigated the impact of parameter uncertainty in the pharmacodynamic and phar- macoeconomic models (the pharmacokinetic model already generates C min values under uncertainty in the base case)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In line with guidelines, beta distributions were used for event rates, and lognormal distributions were fitted to costs and resource use estimates [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If standard errors were unavaila- ble from the original source, these were assumed to be 10% of the mean estimate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During the PA, random values were drawn from all parameter distributions simultaneously and iteratively until convergence of outcomes was reached (N = 250)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The outcomes of each iteration were recorded, and the distribution"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The validation of the AM pharmacokinetic model indicated no significant differences in the NONMEM and R models in (deterministic) concentration profiles or in simulated steady- state C min , C avg , and C max under uncertainty (Student's t test p values > 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The median central concentrations gener- ated by the AL pharmacokinetic model (including param- eter uncertainty) were comparable with published data [22], and the profiles can be inspected in Fig. 1 in ESM 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The replicated pharmacodynamic model in R showed overlap- ping survival curves and equal values as the SAS model at predefined landmarks (see Fig. 2 in ESM 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The distribution of patients with C min values above and below the 95 ng/mL threshold over time with each LAI dose regimen is presented in ESM 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The probabilistic results show the mean number of relapses per patient was lowest with AM 400 mg and highest with AL 441 mg and 1064 mg q8wk (see Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The total costs were lowest with AL 441 mg and highest with AL 882 mg q4wk and AM 400 mg."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In general, dose regimens incurring higher LAI costs incurred lower relapse costs and vice versa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "SoC treat- ment costs were equal for all dose regimens as discontinu- ation was assumed equal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "When comparing the results of the dose regimen with the lowest number of relapses (AM 400 mg) against the other dose regimens, AM was dominant over AL 882 mg q4wk, which means more relapses were avoided against lower costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The incremental cost per relapse avoided compared with the other treatments ranged from $US12,842 to 83,300."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mean deterministic estimates of costs and relapses did not differ much compared with the probabilistic base case; see ESM 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The conclusions based on average out- comes were unchanged."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 2 shows the probabilistic incremental results, the number of relapses avoided, and incremental costs of AM 400 mg compared with the other dose regimens."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Outcomes were visible in each quadrant of the cost-effectiveness plane, indicating uncertainty around the cost effectiveness of AM 400 mg."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The CEAC (Fig. 3) indicates that, for WTP thresholds up to $US30,000 per relapse avoided, AL 1064 mg q8wk had the largest probability of cost effectiveness, followed by AM 400 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For a WTP of $US30,000 or higher, AM 400 mg had the largest probability of cost effectiveness (35%), increasing to 41% at a WTP of $US50,000 and to 54% at a WTP of $US200,000."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For WTP above $US65,000, AL 662 mg had the second-largest cost-effectiveness probability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "AL 1064 mg q6wk and 882 mg q4wk had low probabilities throughout the entire WTP range, whereas AL 882 mg q6wk reached cost-effectiveness probabilities of > 20% at a WTP threshold of $US50,000-65,000."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Detailed results of all scenario analyses can be found in ESM 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Increasing the time horizon to 2 years increased the total costs driven by increased SoC treatment costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The number of relapses avoided of AM 400 mg versus other dose regimens increased, as did the cost per relapse avoided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Treating C min as a continuous covariable decreased the number of relapses of all dose regimens as well as the total costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This resulted in increased incremental costs per relapse avoided of AM 400 mg versus other dose regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Increasing the relapse costs by 20% decreased the incremen- tal cost per relapse avoided of AM 400 mg versus other dose regimens by approximately $US5000 in each comparison; a 20% increase caused a $US3000 increase in the incremental cost per relapse avoided."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To enable the pharmacoeconomic assessment of schizophre- nia treatment with different aripiprazole LAI dose regimens in the absence of RCT data, a PK-PD-PE or PMPE model utilizing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evidence was developed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The model used two dose regimens of AM and six dose regimens of AL to compare their number of relapses and the treatment and relapse costs over a time hori- zon of 1 year."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The estimated number of relapses was lowest for AM 400 mg, which incurred the lowest relapse costs and the second-highest LAI costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The incremental cost per relapse avoided ranged from $US12,842 compared with AL 1064 mg to $US83,300 compared with AM 300 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "AL"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 13], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although parameter uncertainty was assessed in the prob- abilistic sensitivity analysis, and assumptions were tested in scenario analyses, some structural uncertainty remained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The C min levels of the LAIs were modeled using two phar- macokinetic models that used slightly different structures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These differences, rather than the differences in the phar- macokinetic characteristics of the biological agents, may bias the C min levels to an unknown degree."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The pharma- codynamic model generated the occurrence of relapses as a function of C min levels and did not consider additional patient characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This simplifying assumption might not reflect the impact of other patient characteristics on relapse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The relapse hazard was modeled within a binary framework because exposure-response analysis suggested that the risk of impending relapse increases as the aripipra- zole C min decreases below a cut-off point of 95 ng/mL. This cut-off point is consistent with the lower boundary of the established therapeutic window for aripiprazole [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The relapse probabilities, and hence the model results, would be sensitive to changes in this cut-off point, but we were unable to explore this in the present study as we used an existing pharmacodynamic model [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Evidence of a positive rela- tionship between aripiprazole levels and the probability of side effects is limited [39]; however, the current approach may underestimate the potential disadvantage of higher dosed regimens because of increased adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The risk of mortality was assumed equal for patients in remission and relapsed patients, as detailed evidence was not available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Expert opinion indicates that mortality risk is likely higher during relapse than during remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This pragmatic mod- eling approach omits potential survival benefits achieved by treatments reducing the frequency of relapse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Consid- ering the 1-year time horizon of the analysis, the impact on the results is likely minimal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The 1-year time horizon, corresponding to other pharmacoeconomic analyses, might not completely capture the impact of LAI treatment and potential future impacts of dosing and drug concentration on relapses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0040__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "However, the scenario analysis using a 2-year time horizon had minimal impact because only 6% of patients remained on treatment at 2 years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 6], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The successful validation and the flexibility of the novel PMPE or PK-PD-PE framework suggests that application of this strategy might be feasible in other therapies and dis- ease areas with similar data restrictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is especially relevant considering model-informed drug development (MIDD) programs such as the FDA pilot program [40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Applying pharmacoeconomic components in MIDD could facilitate early economic evaluations, but we demonstrated that the PMPE [16, 17] framework also enables postmar- keting pharmacoeconomic evaluations of drug formulations that access the market based on MIDD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, modeling findings should still be supplemented, or even supplanted, by clinical trial evidence when available [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this case, where aripiprazole LAI formulations are marketed in the USA and phase III RCT evidence may not become available for all approved dose regimens, future real-world evidence could yield inputs for adherence, discontinuation, mortal- ity, and (relapse) treatment costs in practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For the present PK-PD-PE analysis, the deterministic, probabilistic, and scenario analysis consistently indicated, with a high degree of uncertainty, that AM 400 mg is the most cost-effective LAI dose regimen for schizophrenia treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The findings of the analysis may have implications for clinical practice of schizophrenia treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Higher LAI doses, especially AL 882 mg q4wk and AL 1064 mg q8wk, are frequently used in current clinical practice [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An understanding of both the clinical and the economic conse- quences of different LAI dose regimens may help physicians and US payers make informed decisions on dose ranges of LAIs that offer reduced relapse rates at reduced costs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The PK-PD-PE analysis of different aripiprazole LAI dose regimens for the treatment of schizophrenia highlighted the robustness of the novel PMPE framework used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The analy- sis indicated that the lowest number of relapses and high- est cost-effectiveness probability were obtained with AM 400 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The estimates obtained from this modeling exercise are subject to uncertainty and rely on several assumptions for operational purposes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The analysis demonstrated how PMPE methods may be used to inform clinical and payer decisions in the absence of clinical trial data in a postmar- keting setting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The online version contains supplemen- tary material available at https:// doi."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "org/ 10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1007/ s40273- 021- 01077-8."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3877__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A recent article by Piena et al. [ 1] used integrated pharmacokinetic (PK)–pharmacodynamic (PD)–pharmacoeconomic modeling to compare costs and effects (relapses) of long-acting injectable (LAI) aripiprazole monohydrate (AM) and aripiprazole lauroxil (AL) dosing regimens in patients with schizophrenia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because risk of relapse remains high in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs [2, 3], this important area of research can inform treatment decisions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, clinically meaningful results from this pharmacoeconomic model depend on valid input from PK–PD modeling and simulations, and some of the assumptions underlying the PK–PD model appear to be incorrect."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We therefore question the article’s pharmacoeconomic conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Input for the pharmacoeconomic analysis included simulated relapse rates from the PK–PD model for several AM and AL regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That model was established based on minimum plasma aripiprazole concentrations (Cmin) from simulated steady-state exposures using a dichotomous hazard function with a cutoff of 95 ng/mL. The probability of relapse for each simulated patient during each dosing interval was based on whether Cmin for that cycle fell below 95 ng/mL."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The use of a binary framework based on a threshold of Cmin = 95 ng/mL to estimate the probability of relapse for AL regimens is problematic for several reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, Piena et al. cite no clinical evidence for the use of 95 ng/mL or for an association between that threshold and the probability of relapse for AL."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Results reported in a subsequently published article suggest that the 95 ng/mL value may have been selected based on an exposure-response analysis using clinical trial data from patients with schizophrenia treated with AM 300 or 400 mg monthly [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No AL data were included in that analysis, and PK profiles for AL and AM are known to differ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Compared with AM, AL is associated with extended exposure to aripiprazole [5] and lower peak-to-trough variability for comparable dosing regimens [6–8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Importantly, no exposure-response relationship has been observed for oral aripiprazole or for AL [9, 10], and, consistent with those findings, Piena et al. failed to observe the reported PK–PD relationship when Cmin was used as a continuous variable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For these reasons, applying the unvalidated 95 ng/mL threshold in an analysis of AL data introduces bias and results in potentially inaccurate conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 7, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, Piena et al. described the 95 ng/mL threshold as “consistent with the lower boundary of the established therapeutic window for aripiprazole” [1] based on the median Cmin at steady state for the lowest effective dose of oral aripiprazole (10 mg/day) [11, 12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They then assumed that aripiprazole exposures with a Cmin below that median value fall outside of the therapeutic window and therefore are associated with an increased risk of relapse."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, as previously noted [13], this assumption is not true."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The boundary of the therapeutic window has been established based on a median value; therefore, half of all Cmin values for the effective oral aripiprazole 10 mg/day dose, by definition, fall below that threshold."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Median Cmin at steady state describes one aspect of aripiprazole PK at the population level, not an absolute limit for therapeutic exposure in individual patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Indeed, although the model-simulated aripiprazole Cmin is more likely to fall below 95 ng/mL after administration of AL 441 mg monthly or 1064 mg every 2 months compared with higher doses, both regimens have established efficacy in patients with schizophrenia [14, 15] and no clinically meaningful efficacy differences were observed between the 441 mg and 882 mg monthly doses in a 12-week pivotal trial [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0051__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "All AL dosing regimens provide plasma aripiprazole concentrations within the range associated with AL efficacy [6, 16, 17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, the use of dichotomous hazard function for Cmin (regardless of the threshold value) is also of concern."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is well known that dichotomization contributes to loss of information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, it assumes that, within a dosing cycle, the likelihood of relapse is the same whether plasma aripiprazole concentrations cross the threshold at a single timepoint or remain continuously below the cutoff value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Gaps in antipsychotic medication due to lack of adherence are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia [18, 19], but peaks and troughs in plasma drug levels over the LAI dosing interval are expected [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The use of a binary threshold does not take into account the differing effects on brain exposures or receptor occupancies associated with prolonged subtherapeutic exposure versus a dip in plasma drug concentration at a single timepoint."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, some additional points affect the interpretation of the PK–PD analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors state that “according to expert opinion, in clinical practice, AL 441 mg and AM 300 mg are generally used only when patients do not tolerate higher doses” [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the cited source discusses AM 300 mg only [20], and that assertion is not true for AL 441 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On the contrary, AL can be initiated using any of the approved dosing regimens, including 441 mg monthly [17, 21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, Piena et al. included AL 1064 mg every 6 weeks in their analysis, which is not among the tested or approved AL dosing regimens [17]; therefore, any conclusions related to this dose are not meaningful."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, because the input for the pharmacoeconomic model (probability of relapse) has no basis in AL clinical data and is not appropriate for modeling AL outcomes, no conclusions regarding AL can be drawn from the results reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The AL 441 mg monthly and 1064 mg every 2 months dosing regimens have established efficacy in the treatment of adult patients with schizophrenia [14, 15, 21], and there is no evidence of clinically meaningful differences in efficacy between available AL doses [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All approved AL doses result in stable exposures that fall within the range of concentrations associated with the known efficacy of the AL 441 mg monthly and 882 mg monthly regimens [6, 16, 17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__critique__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A greater understanding of potential differences between LAI antipsychotics and their dosing regimens will be invaluable for clinicians prescribing for patients with schizophrenia; unfortunately, the Piena et al. report does not add to this understanding, especially as it relates to AL."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3877__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comments submitted to you by Dr. Bhaskar Rege and colleagues [1] regarding our October 2021 article entitled, “An integrated pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic–pharmacoeconomic modeling method to evaluate treatments for adults with schizophrenia” [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As mentioned in the introduction section of our article, the purpose of this article was to present an application of a novel pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamics–pharmacoeconomic (PK–PD–PE) framework that would enable pharmacoeconomic comparisons of the aripiprazole lauroxil (AL) and aripiprazole monohydrate (AM) long-acting injectable formulations based on publicly available, where possible peer-reviewed sources given that no comparative clinical evidence currently exists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is our understanding that Dr. Rege and colleagues [1] question the validity of the PD inputs of our PK–PD–PE model as well as the validity of the pharmacoeconomic conclusions of our study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the reasons explained below, we stand behind the validity of our model and our conclusions in the article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the commentators state that we “cite no clinical evidence for the use of 95 ng/mL or for an association between that threshold and the probability of relapse for AL”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We modeled the link between aripiprazole plasma concentrations, which are generated through the respective PK models for AL [3] and AM [4], and relapses using an exposure–response relationship (PD model)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As no exposure–response relationships for aripiprazole have been published based on AL clinical trials, we used the only published relationship between aripiprazole plasma concentrations and relapses (Wang et al. [ 4]), which was based on AM studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Further, in their argument that “no exposure-response relationship has been observed for oral aripiprazole or for AL”, the commentators cite two published meta-analyses of a dose response of antipsychotic drugs [5, 6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, failure to establish a dose response does not preclude establishing a relationship between pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics, especially as the latter takes into account differences in drug plasma concentrations between individuals receiving the same dose."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, as both AM and AL exert their action via the common active aripiprazole, it is plausible to assume the same aripiprazole exposure–response relationship for both formulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The difference between the long-acting injectable formulations is not in the pharmacodynamics but in the pharmacokinetics of the two formulations (i.e., the different PK profiles), as mentioned by the commentators [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We account for those differences between the formulations in the PK part of our PK–PD–PE analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the selection of an exponential survival model with the 95-ng/mL concentration threshold by Wang et al. [ 4] was informed by observed clinical trial data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The exposure–response analysis initially evaluated aripiprazole minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) as a continuous variable; however, the model resulted in a misfit at Cmin > 95 ng/mL (i.e., the model predicted increasing Cmin was associated with a longer time to relapse at Cmin > 95 ng/mL), whereas the observed data showed a similar time to relapse in this exposure range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a result, an exponential survival model with the 95-ng/mL concentration threshold was evaluated and the results showed that the model prediction agreed reasonably well with the observed data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, the model was considered sufficiently robust to predict the probability of relapse in patients with schizophrenia based on aripiprazole Cmin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of note, a recently published article [7] supports the conclusions of Wang et al. [ 4], proposing a minimum aripiprazole therapeutic reference range of 120 ng/mL regardless of the formulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, the commentators [1] question the use of a dichotomous hazard function for Cmin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As explained above, the use of this hazard function is validated against observed clinical trial data and considered robust to predict the probability of relapse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, as mentioned in the article, we tested the impact of a continuous hazard function on the model outcomes and found a decrease in the number of relapses and total costs for all regimens, resulting in increased incremental costs per relapse avoided in most comparisons."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, using a continuous hazard function does not change the conclusions of our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Last, the commentators raised two points pertaining to dosing regimens used in practice and our analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first relates to our statement regarding the use of AL 441 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While we acknowledge that the AL 441 mg dose may be used for all persons taking AL (not just those who cannot tolerate higher doses), it remains true that this dose is used less often in clinical practice (based on IQVIA prescription data) and may be used in those patients who cannot be prescribed higher doses as per the prescribing information, which advises to adjust the AL dose as needed [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The second relates to the inclusion of the AL 1064 mg every 6 weeks regimen in our analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Early dosing of AL may be considered as per the prescribing information [8], and IQVIA prescription data suggest this regimen is being used in clinical practice in the USA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Again, in the absence of efficacy data regarding this dose, we felt the need to include it in our analysis to provide decision makers with cost-effectiveness information."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0061__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We reject the statement that conclusions regarding this dose are not meaningful; there is no reason to assume the PK profile of 1064 mg every 6 weeks cannot be estimated using the same population PK model as used for other AL regimens [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, in the absence of comparative clinical evidence of AM versus AL, we developed a novel PK–PD–PE model to conduct a pharmacoeconomic evaluation of aripiprazole long-acting injectable regimens in schizophrenia in the USA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As expressly stated in our article, the results of our analysis are subject to uncertainty and rely on assumptions, but we used the best-available peer-reviewed evidence for the PK and PD inputs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, we remain with our conclusion that a PK–PD–PE modeling framework can be used to help to inform clinical and payer decisions in the absence of clinical trial data in a post-marketing setting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3877", "paragraph_id": "triad_3877__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3877__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thank you again for the opportunity to respond to this letter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3877/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3203639425_W4308695174_W4308771435", "triad_name": "triad_3877", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3877__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article is protected by copyright."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All rights reserved."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "How to accurately and precisely measure animal density (i.e., the number of animals per unit area) is a long-standing but not fully resolved question (Dénes, Silveira & Beissinger 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With the recent technological achievements in wildlife video recording, managers and ecologists have gained powerful tools for improving terrestrial and aquatic wildlife surveys, which typically target animal distribution, abundance or behaviour (Burton et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are currently used for a wide range of wildlife monitoring applications (Linchant et al. 2015), covering birds (Vas et al. 2015) to terrestrial and aquatic mammals (Martin et al. 2012; Hodgson et al. 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In aquatic systems, the recent miniaturization and cost reduction of underwater video recording devices and the installation of cabled video observatories have broadened the remote, long-term and high-frequency monitoring of fish and their environments (Aguzzi et al., 2015; Matabos et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "An additional advantage of camera devices is the minimization of wildlife disturbance (Assis et al. 2013; Vas et al. 2015) and researcher risk linked to surveying under difficult conditions and in hard-to-reach populations or areas (Martin et al. 2012; Hodgson et al. 2016; Goebel et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, changing from conventional survey methods (e.g., physical mark-and-recapture surveys, visual censuses, trammel-net surveys, etc.) to camera-based wildlife assessment may represent a paradigm change in the current technological era."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For example, photo- identification (Moya et al. 2015) may become the input for spatial capture-recapture models (Chandler & Royle 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Concerning marine wildlife assessment, conventional methods (e.g., underwater visual census) are currently being complemented with data from underwater cameras (see Mallet and Pelletier (2014) for a review)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The technological advances in wildlife imaging have opened at least two new challenges and opportunities: developing novel algorithms for data mining and automated image interpretation (Aguzzi et al. 2015, Boom et al. 2014, Díaz-Gil et al. 2017; reviewed in Dell et al. 2014) and fostering theoretical links between the patterns depicted by cameras and absolute animal density."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here, we focus on this second challenge because there continues to be debate on which method and camera metric should be preferred."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most of the proposed methods can be classified into two broad categories: empirical approaches that aim to correlate a given camera metric with independent estimates of density (e.g., Pelletier et al. 2011; Bacheler et al. 2013; Schobernd et al. 2014; Campbell et al. 2015) and theoretical approaches that exploit different model-derived expectations regarding how animals move"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several mechanistic models are able to reproduce the spatial patterns displayed by free-ranging animals, which consist of remaining within a relatively small area or HR most of the time (Börger et al. 2008; Van Moorter et al. 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among them, for simplicity and convenience, we considered the biased random walk (BRW), which can be mathematically described as a special case of the Langevin equation (Gardiner 1990)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, the derivation of the expected number of animals counted in a given frame (see below) is general for any movement model that results in a HR pattern."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Dubkov and Spagnolo (2007), the Langevin equation is given by: eqn 1 where denotes the particle displacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This formulation splits a deterministic force term (i.e., the potential field within which a particle is moving), , from a stochastic stimulus term, , which is Gaussian-distributed (white noise) with zero mean, zero covariance between the two dimensions (i.e., spatial coordinates), and the same variance (ɛ) in each spatial dimension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Concerning the deterministic force, the simplest choice for the case of a HR pattern is a harmonic, time-invariant, potential field given by: eqn 2 where k denotes the strength of the harmonic force."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We derive the Hutchinson-Waser's postulate according to the following assumptions:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(i) A given camera detects (detection probability = 1) any animal within an area measured with negligible error (detection area)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(ii) Animals move independently from one another."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Computer simulation experiments have been conducted to explore the reliability and sensitivity of the proposed derivation (in terms of accuracy and precision), and its usefulness and limitations (in terms of applicability to realistic scenarios)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conventional sensibility analysis implies to explore the effects of any combination of the involved variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, provided the large number of variables potentially involved in affecting the quality of density estimates and the fact that most of them are correlated (see below), instead of exploring the full universe of combinations of the range of possible values for each of the considered variables, only a few number of them representing well-differentiated animal archetypes were selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Archetypes were defined aiming to identify the key biological features of a given animal that may affect the quality of the estimates."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the pattern depicted in the results section should be interpreted as general guide since the archetypes are only defined by the selected variables and other species-specific characteristics are ignored (see more discussion below)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar and Web of Science to compile species of any taxa for which data on four variables that beforehand were presumed to affect the quality of density estimates (density, body mass, speed and HR size) were available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Different combinations of keywords (HR, biomass, density, abundance, movement, speed and velocity) were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The reference list of any reference resulting from this primary search was in turn checked to identify additional data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, when information for one of the"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Invariant settings were preferred to facilitate the archetype comparisons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accordingly, the radius of the circular area within which any animal is detected (camera radius) was defined in a way that, on average, m animals per frame are counted: eqn 12 where D is the actual animal density of a given archetype."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A virtual camera was set at the centre of a squared scenario with side defined as: eqn 13 where Radius is the radius of the HR."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rationale of defining such a buffer (2*Radius) is that an animal with its HR centre outside the scenario considered (and thus not included in the simulation settings) has a negligible probability of being detected by the camera."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The number of animals to be moved within such a scenario is given by side 2 *D."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The HR centres of the simulated animals were randomly distributed within the virtual scenario (arena), and each animal was moved according to eqn 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The movement parameters k and ε were estimated (eqns 5 and 6) using the data compiled as described above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Product ∆t*k was set to 0.1 to ensure negligible error related to the discretization of the movement equation (eqn 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Note that this causes the time step, ∆t, to be scale invariant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ten cameras were set in each simulation experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The positions of all simulated animals were actualized at each of 300 time steps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The number of animals within the area detected by the camera was recorded every 5 time steps from the 5 th through the 300 th time step (i.e., up to 60 frames per simulation experiment)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Temporal autocorrelation in the counts of the same camera was tested with the acf function in the R program (http://www.r-project.org/)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Up to 15 independent simulation experiments (i.e., a new set of animals was created and moved in a new scenario) were replicated for each archetype."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For each of these 90 experiments, the obtained dataset was a matrix of 60 rows (i.e., count of animals detected per frame in 60 frames) and 10 columns (cameras)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Animal density was estimated by a Bayesian implementation of eqn 11 using the jags function from the R2jags package (Su & Yajima 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A uniform prior between -30 and 30 was set for µ, which translates into densities between 9.3×10 -14 and 1.1×10 13 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A gamma-distributed prior with shape = 0.001 and rate = 0.001 were set for tolerance, which is the squared inverse of sd (eqn 11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For each dataset, five Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations were run."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We drew 12,000 posterior samples, discarded the initial 2,000 iterations (burning period), and one out of 50 of the remaining iterations were kept to prevent autocorrelation (thinning strategy)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The convergence of the MCMC chains was assessed by visual inspection of the chains and was tested using the Gelman-Rubin statistic (Plummer et al. 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A threshold value of 1.1 or less was assumed to suggest convergence (Gelman et al. 2013)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Generally, the usefulness and applicability of any method depends on the effort needed to achieve a target accuracy and precision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, the effort can be expressed as the number of cameras and/or the deployment time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Accordingly, each of the 90 simulated datasets (i.e., the count of animals detected per frame in 60 frames of 10 cameras) was submitted to 60 analyses (i.e., the i th analysis included the first frame to the i th frame)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, a total number of 5,400 analyses was completed (6 archetypes, 15 independent simulations and 60 analyses per simulation)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accuracy refers to how close an estimated parameter is to the true value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, it was defined as the scaled root mean squared error (SRMSE; Walther & Moore, 2005): , eqn 14 where D was the true density, was the median of the Bayesian posterior distribution, and n was the number of replicates (n = 15)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Precision refers to the variability around the parameter estimate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, it was defined by the coefficient of variation (CV), which provides a scaled measure of precision, thus allowing a mean-independent comparison between archetypes (Walther & Moore 2005): eqn 15 where SD refers to the standard deviation, and refers to the mean of the medians of the posterior distributions of the 15 replicated simulation experiments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, coverage was assessed by the percentage of analyses for which the 95% Bayesian credibility interval (BCI) of the posterior distribution of the density estimate included the true value."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nearly a thousand references (n = 980) provided data for at least two of the variables that beforehand were presumed to affect the quality of density estimates (density, body mass, speed and HR size), but data for all these variables were available for only 41 species (see Data Accessibility section and references list at Appendix S3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The correlation patterns between these variables were remarkable (see Fig. S1); further, the first two PCA axes explained 90% of the total variability (Fig. 1) and revealed two independent patterns: PC1 (explaining 64.0% of the variance) was well correlated with density, HR size and biomass, and PC2 (explaining 25.6% of the variance) was well correlated with speed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on these two independent axes, six well-contrasted archetypes were selected by visual inspection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The features of the archetypes were assigned from a freshwater fish (Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque, 1820)), a marine fish (Chaetodon baronessa (Cuvier 1829)), a marine mammal (Monodon monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758)), a bird species (Brachyramphus marmoratus (Gmelin, 1789)), a terrestrial mammal (Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758)) and a terrestrial reptile (Testudo graeca (Linnaeus, 1758))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hereafter we refer them as freshwater fish-based (F/F-arch), marine fish-based (M/F-arch), marine mammal-based (M/M-arch), seabird-based (M/B-arch), terrestrial mammal-based (T/M-arch) and terrestrial reptile-based (T/R-arch) archetypes, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The movement parameters for a BRW (k, ε, and ∆t in eqn 3) of these archetypes were estimated (eqns 5 and 6) from the values of speed and HR size reported in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reliable values of camera radius (in relation to body mass) were obtained, ranging from 0.36 m to 630.8 m with m = 0.5 (eqn 12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in the specific case of the M/F-arch , the archetype with the smallest HR size, we fixed the mean number of counts per camera up to 1.5 to increase the number of animals to be simulated (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After completing 5,400 analyses of the data from 90 simulation experiments, more than 90% of the BCIs included the true value irrespective of the sampling effort and archetype, suggesting the proper retrieving of the density (Fig. 2, Table 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The general statement that accuracy and precision improve with an increase in sampling effort was supported in five out of the six archetypes (Fig. 2), but their densities were slightly underestimated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In those five cases, the averaged estimates of animal density did not show any substantial improvement after 1000-1500 frames."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, provided that the frame rate was archetype-specific, such a threshold implied different deployment times (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, for M/M-arch, accuracy improved 81% from low (50 frames, 14 hours of deployment time) to moderate sampling effort (1500 frames, 17 days) but only 15% from moderate to high sampling effort (3000 frames, 35 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The figures for precision were similar (86% and 16%, respectively, Table 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When 10 cameras were deployed, the number of frames needed to reach a threshold of 10% accuracy ranged between 100 and 350 frames (Fig. 3a), which corresponded to deployment times ranging from 5 min to 75 days for each of the cameras, and depending on the archetype (Fig. 3b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After ranking the archetypes based on increasing deployment times, for F/F-arch, 9.3% accuracy and 10% precision were reached after 5 min 24 sec (250 frames); for M/B-arch, 9.6% accuracy and 9.7% precision were reached after 28.8 min (250 frames); for M/M-arch, 9.0% accuracy and 9.3% precision were reached after 28 hours 17 min (100 frames); for T/R-arch, 6.4% accuracy and 6.6% precision were reached after 54 days 10 hours 42 min (300 frames); for T/M-arch, 8.6% accuracy and 8.4% precision were reached after 75 days 7 hours 48 min (350 frames)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When a high effort level was considered (i.e., 3000 frames or from 1 hour for F/F-arch up to 1.7 years to T/M-arch), the SRMSE was under 6.5% for all species, with the exception of the M/F-arch."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accuracy and precision improved at different rates depending on the archetype because they crucially depended on how well the stationary distribution was reached at a given temporal scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The more time a species took in exploring a relevant fraction of its HR, the more sampling time was needed to reach a target quality for the density estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A greater sampling effort was needed either when animals moved slowly (e.g., T/R-arch) or HR sizes were large in relation to the exploration rate (e.g., M/M-arch and T/M-arch) (Fig. 3b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The case of the M/F-arch broke this general pattern."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This species never reached a 10% error threshold for accuracy nor improved accuracy and precision after increasing the sampling effort (Fig. 3, Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Likewise, the BCI of the posterior distribution was skewed in all cases"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A generalization of the Hutchinson-Waser's postulate has been proposed here to estimate animal densities using terrestrial or underwater cameras (i.e., counts per frame) in species behaving according to the widely observed spatial behaviour that lead to the establishment of a HR area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The accuracy and precision reached for the density estimates after an affordable sampling effort provide further insight into the potential and comprehensiveness of the method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results of the simulation experiments suggested that it would be sufficient to count animals in a few hundred frames adequately spaced in time to provide density estimates with SRMSEs smaller than 10%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast, the optimal time the cameras should be deployed (i.e., the optimal rate at which the frames should be counted) is species-dependent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For ten cameras, less than an hour of sampling (i.e., approximately 250 frames) was necessary for fish and bird-based archetypes, but more than 24 hours (i.e., between 100-350 frames) was needed for archetypes with larger HR areas, for which the time to cover the full HR area may range from a fortnight to more than one year (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The best estimates in terms of both accuracy and precision were obtained for animals with high densities, small HRs in relation to the exploration rate and large body mass."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Overall, the results from the Bayesian implementation of the model demonstrate that density can be precisely and accurately estimated after an affordable sampling effort, but generally, the faster the animal covers its HR area, the less sampling time is needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Nevertheless, some of the archetype-specific results should be interpreted with caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For instance, in the case of the M/B-arch, density was accurately estimated after a very short survey time, which is related with its large speed and relatively small HR (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The speed value used in the simulation experiments has a relevant impact in the time needed for exploring a relevant fraction of the HR, thus a better reconstruction of the stationary probability can be obtained with smaller sampling effort for faster animals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, speed definition is elusive and its magnitude is neither easily nor precisely estimated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0032__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Therefore, the patterns depicted in Fig 2 and 3 are suggesting a general guidance but species-specificities may modify the predicted effort needed for attaining a Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All rights reserved."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "desired accuracy and precision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, the relationship between the optimal sampling design (i.e., the optimal number of cameras, number of frames per camera and deployment time) and the space occupancy pattern of the animal may be complex."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, it is strongly recommended to complete a pilot study (i.e., case-specific simulation experiments) including both, species-specificities and case-related constraints (e.g., budget available or technological limitations of the cameras) to assess whether the optimal settings are fulfilling or not the objectives in terms of expected accuracy and precision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this purpose, R code in Appendix S1 can be easily adapted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It should be noted, that a slightly systematic underestimation of the true density was detected in all simulations (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This bias may actually be an outcome of the simulation features instead of a methodological limitation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During the simulations, the virtual populations are bounded in the virtual scenario by the effective sampling area (eqn 13), and simulated animals could therefore move from inside the area to outside but not vice versa, leading to the aforementioned bias."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In spite of these uncertainties, the method proposed here has several advantages when comparing with increasingly popular video survey methods based on distilling metrics as N-max (i.e., maximum number of animals in a given frame) as a proxy of abundance (Schobernd et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From the conceptual side, the method proposed here provides an estimate for the absolute density, in contrast to the relative density provided by those alternative methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, animals must be only counted in a subsample of frames while for N-max a full video must be analysed, which may represent a relevant difference in the time needed for processing the videos."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Metrics as N-max are justified by the fact that they guaranties that the same animal is not recounted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Counting the same animal twice or even more times is a problem for non-instantaneous estimation methods developed for video surveys (Ward-Paige et al. 2010; Campbell et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, recounting does not imply any bias for the method proposed here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When animals move according to a HR space occupancy pattern, there exists a stationary probability density function of finding a given animal at a given position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although we have focused on the particular case of the BRW (Börger et al. 2008), the same rationale may be extended to any other potential field and form of the stochastic term that renders a confined pattern of space use."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Contrasting, mark- recapture methods, which are based on a completely different rationale, incorporate repeated identification of the same individuals (e.g., Efford 2004; Royle & Young 2008)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Spatial explicit capture-recapture models aim to estimate the detection probability of any given animal, and that detectability can be disentangled from demographic processes (e.g. emigration/mortality and immigration/birth) given the history of captures (i.e., detections) of any given animal (Chandler Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All rights reserved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "&"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Royle 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Certainly, our approach focuses in estimating animal density only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, demographic rates could still be estimable by nesting the method proposed here into frameworks like those developed by fisheries assessment (Hilborn & Walters 1992)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another advantage of the method proposed here is that animal density can be estimated in a single visit to the sampled area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Simulation experiments were performed with a subsample of evenly distributed frames, being a convenience choice to facilitate the evaluation of temporal autocorrelation between frames."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, it may be any random subsample of the frames, after previously ensuring a safe between-frame period with temporal independence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Therefore, data from conventional camera trapping (i.e., camera is activated when an animal is present) can be easily adapted to this method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The benefit of motion-triggered camera surveys is that sampling time can be extended over longer periods of time and the resulting data can be broken down in smaller sampling units for analysis (Burton et al. 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, the number of \"0\" data will be high but expected and with enough time the stationary probability density function of HR centres will be recovered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Certainly, other approaches can also obtain data from a single visit to the sampled location."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, abundance can be inferred from occupancy models, which are primarily concerned with distribution (i.e., presence/absence), but in those cases individuals must be identified (recounting is a severe concern for the method (Royle 2004; Guillera-Arroita 2017)), and repeat surveys within the single visit are required (Marques et al. 2017)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another advantage of the proposed method is that, neither stringent assumptions nor precise data on movement features are needed to estimate densities (but to define the optimal sampling settings some rough idea is required, Appendix S1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When using wildlife video recording methods, specific models that relate animal density with encounter rates have been widely considered: the random encounter model (REM), derived from ideal gas models (Hutchinson & Waser 2007), and a closely related approach based on the Formozov-Malyshev- Pereleshin (FMP) formula (Stephens et al. 2006; Keeping & Pelletier 2014), for which animal speed is assumed to be known (Rowcliffe et al. 2008; Cusack et al. 2015)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A drawback of the REM and FMP is the non-instantaneous nature of encounters, which account for the speed- related bias (Ward-Paige et al. 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Also, based on the encounter rates (i.e., detections are equivalent to encounters), distance sampling methods record distances from the observation point (typically line transects) to any detected animal (Buckland et al. 2001) and claim reasonable accuracy only if animals move at less than half the speed of the observer (Ward- Paige et al. 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, in general, encounter-related methods are highly dependent on the assumptions on how animals move (Rowcliffe et al. 2008; Keeping & Pelletier 2014; Glennie et al. 2015; Cusack et al. 2015)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Different alternatives for circumventing this problem have been"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Appendix S1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Guidelines to apply the model to a case study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Appendix S2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Evaluating accuracy and precision in patchy landscapes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Appendix S3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Supplementary bibliography. ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. S1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Bivariate correlations between densities, body mass, speed and HR size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_857__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 16, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [16, 16, 17], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Researchers have striven for many decades to find better and better methods to estimate the size, or the density, of natural populations, and the development of camera traps (CT) has stimulated the research of new methods for population assessment [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a recent paper in the Journal of Animal Ecology, using CT to assess the size of natural populations, Campos-Candela et al. ( 2018), hereafter CC, claimed that ‘the absolute density is given by the average number of animals counted per frame’ [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Ideally, the method proposed by CC is perfect for wildlife managers: easy to use and cheap."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CC developed their approach according to a theoretical framework where animals are assumed to behave as particles of an ‘ideal gas’ [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since such an assumption appears difficult to be respected or even reasonably approached in actual animals, CC correctly verified that such a result remains valid also when the animals behave in more realistic ways, specifically when they exhibit home range (HR) behaviour."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Considering the potential relevance of this work to wildlife conservation and management, we have carefully read the paper and noted several problems in the method used to simulate the home ranges and CT detections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Estimation methods based on capture–mark–recapture (CMR) have been largely used and present many different ramifications including non-invasive genetics [4] and removal methods [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Managers usually do not use CMR methods because animals have to be individually identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This approach is, however, used routinely when animals are naturally recognizable, for example tigers or whales [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Distance sampling, where detectability is estimated by the distance of the animal from a reference point or transect, has been widely used to assess the population size of marine and terrestrial organisms [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Since CT are cheap and easy to use, recently several methods have been proposed to estimate the population size of unmarked individuals such as Random Encounter Model (REM) [8], point transects [9], REST model [10], N-mixture models [11] and SECR models [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Available methods assume that the population to be assessed is demographically closed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "In practice, this means to perform a snapshot survey, very short in relation to the demography of the species of interest so that deaths, births, immigration and emigration can be overlooked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "For instance, for a large terrestrial mammal, it is reasonable that a survey can last, at most, 30 days in periods when the species is known to be not dispersing, migrating or reproducing, and mortality is low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "When evaluating the simulation results, it is fundamental to consider the coefficient of variation in the estimates, to understand the capacity of the method to perform trend detection [13]; accordingly, Skalski, Ryding, and Millspaugh (2010) suggested that a coefficient of variation <0.2 (20%) is appropriate for sound management [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "The main reason for this paper is that we believe that given the fundamental importance of population assessment in research and applications, scientists have to avoid statements which may cause an erroneous use of the statistical methodology and, as a consequence, to determine negative impacts on wildlife conservation and management."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Our criticism to the methodology used by CC in the simulations can be summarized in four points: 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The derivation of the species-dependent parameters, at the base of their model is incorrect; 2. The rescaling of the detection radius has no reason and is highly misleading; 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "The time step used is too large to yield correct results; 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0053__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "For some of the archetypes proposed by CC, their model is inappropriate to the biology of the species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_857__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The equation at the base of the CC model describes the evolution of the position X of a Brownian particle subjected to a noise R in a quadratic potential, for example subjected to a restoring force such as a particle attached to a spring, where k represents the elastic constant and XC is the centre of the HR."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The noise R is Gaussian (white noise) with zero mean, zero covariance between the two dimensions (i.e. spatial coordinates) and the same variance in each spatial dimension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The HR radius depends on the two parameters of model 1, k and 𝜖, as: radiusHR = C1√𝜖/k, where the constant C1 depends on how the HR radius is defined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To get sensible simulations for the species of interest (in our case the moose), we need to estimate k and 𝜖 from actual data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For estimating two parameters, we need two equations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "One is given by the home range radius (which is usually known)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For the second equation, CC used the animal velocity which can be estimated from GPS data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "CC used the following equation: <V> = 𝜖(1 − e−2kΔt)∕kΔt, where <|V|> is the velocity magnitude, and Δt is the time step."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is the critically wrong passage in CC, since in model 1 it is not possible to define a mean absolute velocity of the particle since the displacement scales as dt and in performing the limit: v = lim dt→0 dx/dt ∝ lim dt→0 √dt/dt = ∞. For the moose, CC used a HR of 82 km2 by McCauley et al. ( 2015) and the mean speed of 0.033 m/s from Vander Vennen et al. ( 2016), which is based on 1 hr fix sampling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "As shown in Equation 3, the mean speed depends on Δt, k and 𝜖, and to solve this equation, CC were obliged to fix arbitrarily the relation Δt = 0.1/k."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Unfortunately, this approach yields a Δt of 10 hr, quite different from the actual time used for fix sampling by Vander Vennen et al. ( 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, as seen in Equation 3, the movement model (Brownian motion) used by CC implies that the speed is dependent on Δt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "If we compute back the speed at 1-hr intervals using the value found for 10 hr, we find that the animals move at the speed of 0.112 m/s instead of the true velocity of 0.033 m/s, almost four times faster, which is clearly wrong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "In the case of moose, for which we have made the computation, this implies that the simulations of CC reduce very much the CV of the population estimates, simply because a larger number of animals walk through the cross section of the CT field since the animals move too fast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0054__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Note also that at least three of the other archetypes (Campostoma anomalum, Testudo graeca, Brachyramphus marmoratus) are subjected to a similar error, while Chaetodon baronessa cannot be evaluated due to lack of data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_857__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 12, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 12, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to CC, the ‘Invariant settings were preferred to facilitate the archetype comparisons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accordingly, the radius of the circular area within which any animal is detected (camera radius) was defined in a way that, on average, m animals per frame are counted’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This approach makes any comparison with actual CT experiments impossible since only this length scale is rescaled and not all the other parameters, such as the distance between cameras or the HR size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For a detailed discussion of the topic, see Section S3 in Supporting Information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In particular in the case of the moose, the camera detection radius was set to 630 m by CC; therefore, the huge HR radius of the moose is almost nine times the camera detection radius which is completely absurd."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Told in another way, such a detection area needs an equivalent of 4,900 ‘true’ CT with a detection radius of 9 m to be sampled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "CC is not mentioning explicitly the type of camera used (motion-triggered or time-lapse); however, from the discussion (p. 833), it appears that CC's method can be applied also to motion-triggered cameras, which are the most frequently used CT [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "For motion-triggered cameras, the value of Δt ∼ 10 hr used by CC is probably too high to avoid round-off errors in the detection of the animals as sketched in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Since in 10 hr, the average displacement is about 1.26 km, an animal can very easily cross the detection area without being recorded in the simulation, as shown in Figure 1a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Another source of error is represented by the tortuosity of the Brownian motion between two fixes as shown in Figure 1b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Indeed, it is possible that an animal whose fixes are outside the detection area may have crossed the detection area during the 10-hr interval."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "These errors can considerably reduce the efficiency of the CT-simulated survey, and one needs a very long survey duration to get reasonably high precision even with 10 cameras with 630 m detection radius as done by CC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We note also that this part of the description of the method of CC is quite unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "This criticism is not appliable in case of the use of time-lapse CT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Usually, wildlife managers use motion-triggered cameras because this method is more informative than time-lapse sampling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0055__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "However, there are monitoring methods that require time-lapse methods [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_857__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 18, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [18, 18, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, for one of the archetypes used by CC, Diomedea calonecrtis, the motion of birds at large scales is not Brownian-like diffusive as supposed by CC model, but on the contrary Lévy-like super-diffusive [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We propose a model where the equation of the velocity is the sum of three terms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first one tends to bring the velocity of the animal close to the characteristic speed of the species Va, the second one is an acceleration towards the centre of the HR and the third component is a random noise."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The velocity yields the displacement X of the animals: V(t + Δt) = V(t) Va + (V(t) − Va)e−Δt∕𝜏 V(t) − K(X − Xc)Δt + R, X(t + Δt) = X(t) + V(t)Δt, where V(t) is the velocity magnitude of the animal at time t and τ is the time-scale of the fluctuation on the magnitude of the velocity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our model, the velocity, not the displacement, tends to be oriented towards the centre; note that K has dimension 1/t2 while k (Equation 1) has dimension 1/t."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "An instance of a simulated trajectory is shown in Figure S3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "According to a large body of literature, for short times the direction of movement, that is the angular component of V(t) has a persistence (correlated random walk, Turchin, 1998), while for long times the trajectory resembles the one of the model 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "While CC's model assumed a complete independence of movement direction from step to step, more realistically, we assume that, in the short term, directions are correlated, that is animals perform a correlated random walk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "More detailed explanations are reported in Section S1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We define an arena of 10 × 10 km with periodic boundary conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Inside this arena, we set a squared grid of equidistant cameras, from a minimum of 16 to a maximum of 100 samplers (i.e. 4 × 4 to 10 × 10), as commonly done in these kinds of studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Here, we report only the scenario with 8 × 8 cameras but in the Section S2.2, we report also the other cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We simulated three different animal densities: low, 0.1 animals/km2, normal, 0.4/km2 (the same value used by CC), and high, 1/km2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The coordinates of the HR range centre are randomly assigned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Animals move according to Equation 5 and are recorded by cameras when the camera–animal distance is lower than the detection radius (we used a ‘usual’ detection radius, 5 m, and an ‘optimistic’ radius of 9 m)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "We performed two sets of simulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In the first scenario, simulated moose maintain a constant speed as assumed by CC."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "However, to assume that the speed is constant during the day is clearly wrong in moose (and in any other animal) as shown, for instance, by Van Ballenberghe and Miquelle (1990) where active displacements take a short part of the daytime while the remaining time is allocated to resting/rumination and grazing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Thus, in the second scenario, we simulated a moose population with two possible behavioural modes: active and resting (which also include grazing)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "According to Van Ballenberghe and Miquelle (1990) movements take about 7% of the activity budget."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "We also assumed that in resting mode there is no movement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "In a third scenario, we assume a more realistic 3-mode activity patterns where we differentiate among no movement, grazing and moving, respectively, 62.7%, 30.4% and 6.9% of the activity budget."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Since this set of simulations have yielded very similar results to the one of scenario 2, the results are presented in Section S2.3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0056__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "To be consistent, the velocity of the moose in scenarios 2 and 3 is calculated in order to have the same mean overall velocity as in scenario 1, calculated as a weighted mean."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_857__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 28, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [28, 28, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The statistical estimator proposed by CC yields asymptotically unbiased estimates of population size (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In case of constant animal speed and large detection radius of CT (Figure 2a), the estimate attains the prescribed CV threshold in less than 30 days at least for large and intermediate populations, while, unsurprisingly, for the lowest density value, the precision is too low to be acceptable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the contrary, if we simulate animals characterized by two different activity patterns, we observe a rapid decay of the precision of the statistical estimator (Figure 2b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even for the highest density populations, the result remains quite unsatisfactory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since we know a priori that there are important differences in speed within each individual animal, we may conclude, with some degree of generality, that the method proposed by CC cannot represent a practical method for estimating the population size of moose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As one could expect, when the detection radius is lowered to a more realistic value (5 m), the system generally fails to provide acceptable estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We have also performed one numerical experiment with more realistic activity patterns including resting/ruminating, foraging and moving, but the results remain qualitatively the same (Section S2.3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Of course, we should not exclude that there can be situations characterized by a set of parameter values (density, HR radius, etc.) where the estimator proposed by CC can work appropriately, but wildlife managers should test, by simulation, if the situation of interest can be precisely surveyed by this method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We showed that under ideal condition (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Figure 2a) the estimator is able to correctly evaluate the population size under reasonable study conditions (high/medium density, large camera detection radius)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "However, the introduction of more realistic constraints (e.g. two or more different activity modes) led to a strong deterioration in the performance of the estimator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In other words, the method is scarcely robust to variations in parameter values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We have to stress that under natural conditions, where there is an intrinsic and uncontrolled variability, one needs statistical methods robust to limited violations of the assumptions and characterized by a reduced propagation of uncertainty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "If a statistical estimator is very sensitive to the details of the movement patterns, or to random fluctuations in parameter values, the system becomes practically useless, or it may request a complicated modelling study which is usually outside the skills of wildlife managers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Hayward and Laupacis (1993) made it clear that statistical robustness is fundamental to develop appropriate wildlife monitoring programmes [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Note that we have assumed that our samplers detect all animal in areas of 78.5 and 254.5 m2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In the second case, the resulting cross section of our monitoring design is quite optimistic since, in the field, the area where a CT has a certain detection probability is no larger than 4 m2 (with a dependence on several parameters such as body mass, movement speed, etc., Nakashima et al., 2018) [10]; further, the shape of the camera field of view (FOV) is not circular but roughly triangular."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "If we should have used more realistic values for the FOV, we would have obtained worse CV values than the ones we reported in Figure 2; however, we used very conservative values because we wished to show that discouraging results were independent of the camera detection area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "A basic problem of naive methods used to estimate the population size via camera trapping is that one has to assume a certain probability of detection, an assumption which, to be respected, reduces a lot the area covered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Howe et al. ( 2017) showed experimentally that in CT the detection probability gets <1 at distance around 6–7 m (for Philantomba maxwelli, a small antelope) and wildlife managers should take very seriously this limitation of CT [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "The simulation model of CC was affected by errors which could improve but also deteriorate the efficiency of the proposed estimator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Such concerns obliged us to develop a simple but more consistent model to describe the behaviour of the animals in order to correctly evaluate the efficiency of the estimator proposed by CC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "To evaluate monitoring methods, it is important to keep in mind what are the practical constraints encountered in the field, which is not the case when CC used, for moose, a detection radius of 630.8 m, which yields a covered area of 1.28 km2, a surface which needs almost 5,000 CT to be sampled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "The problem here it is that CT can be used in practice whether their number is limited because a huge amount of manpower is necessary to review the videos/pictures and to install/remove the CT from the field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "In agreement with CC, in Section S2.2 we showed that good results can be obtained using hundreds or thousands of cameras but such numbers are outside any practical possibility of use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "The technical evolution of more and more efficient camera traps has stimulated the development of new methods of population assessment which is of the greatest interests for ecological research, conservation and management."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "The different methods proposed in literature are all correct in mathematical–statistical sense, when their assumptions are respected."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0028", "sentence_n": 28, "text": "However, this analysis of CC methods showed that this condition it is necessary but not sufficient given the limitation in the sampling effort and the sensibility to the violation of the assumptions, violations which for sure are present during a field survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0029", "sentence_n": 29, "text": "Now, we miss a comparative analysis of the different proposed methods in order to indicate to wildlife managers and practitioners the best method and its precision that can be used in different field conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__critique__p0057__s0030", "sentence_n": 30, "text": "With this paper, we hope to stimulate deeper insights on the matter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_857__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evaluating absolute population density is an extremely complex task that requires strengthening the links between theorists and empiricists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both, Campos‐Candela, Palmer, Balle, and Alós (2018) and Abolaffio, Forcadi, and Santini (2019), contributed to this challenge from the theoretical side; the first one by demonstrating a theoretical postulate to estimate absolute densities from camera counts; the second one by exploring the proposed method for a specific species (the moose, Alces alces) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note, however, that the undifferentiated use of model, method and simulation terms in Abolaffio et al. ( 2019), when addressing concerns exclusively about our simulation procedure or the applicability of the method for a particular case, may be misleading."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Concerning the camera-based method, our key contribution is that, for the case of animals whose movement leads to a stationary spatial pattern, absolute animal density can be properly estimated from the average number of animals counted per frame whenever a number of assumptions are met [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The underlying model to this method states that, for a given camera, the number of animals’ counts per frame is given by a Poisson distribution with mean equals to the product of the true animal density, the detection area of the camera and the probability of detection [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0058__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Essentially, our model is equivalent to determine the distribution of the space occupation in time, which is a question that has been largely discussed from the probabilistic perspective [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 7, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In response to criticism (1), features for the implemented simulations were dictated by mathematical convenience in order to avoid extremely large computing times."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In sake of simplicity and generality, we decided to use the simplest version of a biased random walk model (BRW; Codling, Plank, Benhamou, & Interface, 2008) as a mathematical approximation for movement to make inference about density estimates [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "BRW results from combining an elastic drift (k) that pulls the animal towards the HR centre, and a stochastic component [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The resulting space use will be characterized by a stationary probability density function with independence on the nature of the stochastic term [7], and that will emerge when the stochastic part is either Gaussian or, for example, a Lévy-like diffusive term [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the BRW model used, when the drift force equals 0, the movement reduces to a random walk diffusion model [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Equalling the stochastic term to 0, as Abolaffio et al. ( 2019) discussed, will lead to a linear trajectory towards the HR centre, where the animal will remain forever, which is not biologically meaningful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0059__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In any case, a BRW with a Gaussian stochastic component is the simplest choice for simulating animal trajectories but any other movement model meeting the requirement of stationary criteria should be considered when addressing the particularities of a given species."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In response to criticism (2), fixing the mean number of counts per camera was a criterion for getting some invariance and thus for facilitating the comparison between archetypes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this way, any potential effect of density itself is not confounded with the effects of HR size and/or exploration rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our simulations, the continuous movement trajectory was approximated as a series of discrete time steps, Δt, that may affect some properties of the movement pattern [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In agreement with the criticism (3) in Abolaffio et al. ( 2019), as a consequence of the discretization for the BRW model in Campos‐Candela et al. ( 2018), the estimated speed depends on Δt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In general, speed spread increases and tends to be underestimated when Δt increases [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Then, when simulating specific-species animal movement, setting a small Δt is advisable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, given that animal movement is an inherently autocorrelated process in space and time [12], counting animals at each tiny Δt may result in statistically dependent samples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Typically, temporal autocorrelation diminishes as observations are made farther apart in time; but autocorrelation in movement data often persist over long-time periods [13]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The optimal solution for the simulation settings would be to move the animals with a tiny Δt but to count the animals at a longer time period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The compromise solution we adopted was to set the product k * Δt small enough (i.e., 0.1), which still ensured a reasonable discretization of the movement path while speeding up the iterative process in simulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0060__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Besides, and more important, this commitment decision was not affecting the main purpose of simulations: to obtain snapshots of the system while minimizing autocorrelation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 2, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As stated above, the estimated sampling effort inferred from our simulations is only an approximation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When dealing for specific-species cases, many variables may modulate the actual effort needed for achieving a desired precision for density estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, the larger the area surveyed by the camera is, the smaller the number of frames/cameras needed for achieving a target precision will be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the pixels density imposes an obvious limit, which in addition will be species-dependent because, for a given pixel density, a larger area could be covered by larger-sized animals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, the larger the number of cameras is, the better the precision will be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, the total number of cameras needed for a target precision can be out of the available budget for certain cases."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For two of the explored archetypes, the terrestrial mammal-based and the terrestrial reptile-based archetypes, the optimal sampling settings to recover stationary density of the HR centres with a target level of precision implied large sampling times along with big camera areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Particularly, for the case of the terrestrial mammal-based archetype, when using 10 cameras with an area of detection of 630 m, the estimated sampling effort was of 11 days for a target level of precision of 0.2 (i.e., five frames analysed by camera); and 645 days for a target level of precision of 0.05 (i.e., 300 frames analysed by camera)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0061__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In both cases, frames were 2 days apart one from other to avoid autocorrelation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, results from the terrestrial mammal-based archetype are not so far when evaluating the case of moose with a more detailed movement model by Abolaffio et al. ( 2019)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Abolaffio et al. ( 2019) explored our method from different perspectives and simulated scenarios as realistic as possible for a particular species case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Camera trapping (CT) radius was set to 5 or 9 m and variable movement speed (with two behavioural states) was considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From the results shown, to reach a target level of precision of 0.2 may require around 1,250 or 2,500 cameras, respectively, sampling during 30 days (no information on the number of frames sampled by camera nor the time between frames to control for autocorrelation is provided)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, both simulation strategies agreed in that the target precision level can be reached within 30 days either by increasing the camera radius (i.e., low number of cameras with wide range of detection; Campos‐Candela et al., 2018) or by increasing the number of cameras (i.e., with shorter detection radius; Abolaffio et al., 2019)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These observations actually demonstrate that the underlying dynamic system is ergodic."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In any case, the results from Abolaffio et al. ( 2019) corroborate the usefulness of our model, as they outlined in different parts of the text: ‘The statistical estimator proposed by CC yields asymptotically unbiased estimates of population size […]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0062__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In case of constant animal speed and large detection radius of CT […], the estimate attains the prescribed CV threshold in less than 30 days at least for large and intermediate populations, while, […], for the lowest density value, the precision is too low to be acceptable’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Certainly, some combination of sampling settings (either bigger area or a larger number of cameras) may be unreasonable, especially when camera trapping has limited distance of detection [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this line, Abolaffio et al. ( 2019) pointed out that ‘[…] such a detection area needs an equivalent of 4,900 “true” CT with a detection radius of 9 m to be sampled’, something ‘completely absurd’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However…why should it be considered ‘absurd’?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We agree that at a first glance, and with the settings stated by Abolaffio et al. ( 2019), this sampling effort is discouraging but to consider it as a ‘completely absurd’ solution overlooks the real opportunities existing nowadays to make it more reliable than impossible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We believe that this statement may be short-sighted and unambitious."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the last years, animal ecology is experiencing a revolution in imaging, camera technology and related technologies (e.g., remote control), which can provide automatically images covering big areas with enough resolution to identify the target species for long-term periods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example, images taken from the air will benefit from the use of drones (UAS; Lejeune et al. 2013; Hodgson, Kelly, & Peel, 2013; Linchant, Lisein, Semeki, Lejeune, & Vermeulen, 2015; or UAVs; Groom et al., 2013), or particular vertical take‐off and landing aircraft versions (VTOL; Goebel et al., 2015); whose relatively low cost is an additional attribute that makes these devices appealing for wildlife census applications [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0063__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Besides, the use of gigapixel snapshots discussed in Brady et al. ( 2012) and very high spatial resolution satellite image-data for wildlife counts offer novel panoramic windows for sampling very large areas [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 4, 7], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to that, remote camera sampling based on time‐lapse cameras and camera trapping continue to be excellent tools in systems that cannot be sampled from the height‐top (e.g., dense forest and underwater systems)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The smaller field of vision entails increasing sampling times and/or the number of cameras (to increase the sampled area)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nowadays, applications of remote cameras to biodiversity conservation are quickly progressing; expanding and improving in quality for diverse management applications [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is a global potential of remote cameras as a standardized monitoring platform for terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity, which will allow for expanding from individual, localized camera studies to coordinated regional and global camera networks [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At this point, we can list several examples of sampling platforms collecting data from fixed cameras during long periods that can benefit from using our model: the Snapshot Wisconsin project, the Snapshot Serengeti project, the NEPTUNE Canada network or the Sub‐eye Underwater Observatory in Mallorca."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For more examples of coordinated networks for remote sampling, see Steenweg et al. ( 2017)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Overall, the list of projects engaging the collection of data from remote cameras is long and increasing, in both terrestrial and aquatic systems, and brings the hope of making estimates of absolute abundances much more realistic and unbiased."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0064__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Animal population studies will benefit from moving to such larger scales, not only on the technological side but also in terms of collaborative networks, smartphone applications and citizen science, where theoretical and empirical perspectives must converge and play together [19]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "857", "paragraph_id": "triad_857__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Abolaffio et al. ( 2019) pointed out that they would need an equivalent of 4,900 cameras to estimate abundance in their species case study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Around 300,000 participants (cameras) have submitted around 300 million bird pictures to the citizen science programme ‘eBird’ since 2002."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Obviously, it is not comparable for the case of the moose; however, it offers an idea of the potential working frame for methods like the one developed in Campos‐Candela et al. ( 2018)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, to efficiently exploit the increasing resources from digital imagery, there is a need for an urgent shift from manually counting animals by human experts, which is certainly expensive, to automatic methods, where machine learning offers a big window of opportunities for extracting information [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These opportunities altogether will provide a huge amount of data in the next future that will require proper statistical approaches to estimate abundance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In such a context, the main contribution in Campos‐Candela et al. ( 2018): for the case of animals whose movement leads to a stationary spatial pattern, absolute animal density can be properly estimated by the average number counts per frame whenever assumptions for the model meet; can provide the basis for the further assessment of wildlife by using camera sampling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We must continue to strive to accommodate our proposed model to the particularities of the study system and overcome its potential drawbacks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, we really feel that the debate should not only focus on the applicability of the proposed method in Campos‐Candela et al. ( 2018) for some species and case studies; but on the opportunities that it offers in the nearest future for wildlife assessment to many scientists and managers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_857__response__p0065__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Overall, this task requires strengthening the links between theorists, empiricists and engineers, but perhaps it would provide one of the most exciting fields for modern ecology in light of the increasing and unprecedented amount of ecological data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_857/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2796832632_W2974065940_W2972952577", "triad_name": "triad_857", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_857__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aerodigestive tract facilitates the combined functions of breathing, vocalising, and swallowing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Any dysfunction in this system may lead to oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) J. Clin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Med. 2022, 11, 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030776 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm or swallowing problems [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "OD can be the result of underlying diseases such as stroke or a progressive neurological disease (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis) or an adverse effect after head and neck oncological interventions (e.g., radiation or surgery) or intensive care treatment (e.g., intubation and tracheostomy)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prevalence estimates of OD have been reported to be as high as 50% in cerebral palsy [2], 80% in stroke and Parkinson's disease, and over 90% in people with community-acquired pneumonia [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "OD can have a severe impact on a person's health as it may lead to dehydration, malnutrition, and even death."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Research has identified inverse bidirectional relationships between decreased health-related quality of life and increased OD severity [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Traditional OD therapy may include physical interventions such as: bolus modification and management (e.g., adjusting the viscosity, volume, temperature and/or acidity of food and drinks); oromotor exercises; body and head postural adjustments; and swallow manoeuvres (e.g., manoeuvres to improve food propulsion into the pharynx and airway protection) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therapy may also include sensory stimulation, which involves applying techniques like thermal stimulation and chemical stimulation using natural agonists of polymodal sensory receptors (e.g., capsaicin, the spicy component of peppers) [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another type of stimulation considered to be beneficial for promoting rehabilitation of swallowing dysfunction is acupuncture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This practice emerged from traditional Chinese medicine and exerts therapeutic effects by inserting thin needles at strategic places, termed acupuncture points, on the body surface aiming to rebalance the flow of energy or life force ('qi')."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Needles are then activated through specific manual movements or electrical stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although stimulation of acupuncture points seems to be associated with places where nerves, muscles, and connective tissues may be stimulated [6], their intrinsic mechanisms are still part of a continuing scientific debate on acupuncture."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, an increasing number of studies have been published on alternative in- terventions aiming to enhance neural plasticity by using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are cortically or centrally applied NIBS techniques."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Using electromagnetic induction, rTMS results in depolarisation of post-synaptic connections, whereas tDCS uses direct electrical current to shift the polarity of nerve cells [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Alterna- tively, electrical stimulation techniques like pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) target the peripheral neural pathways [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "NMES aims to strengthen muscular contractions during swallowing and uses stimula- tion by electrodes placed on the skin over the anterior neck muscles to activate sensory pathways [9-11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In contrast, PES has been shown to drive neuroplasticity in the pharyn- geal motor cortex through direct stimulation of the pharyngeal mucosa via intraluminal catheters [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the past decade, several reviews have been published on the effects of neu- rostimulation in patients with OD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most of these reviews focused on selected types of neurostimulation: NMES [10,12], rTMS [13,14], tDCS [15], or rTMS and tDCS [16,17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only two systematic reviews included both cortical (rTMS and tDCS) and peripheral neu- rostimulation (PES and NMES) [18,19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All reviews targeted interventions in post-stroke populations except one review that broadened inclusion criteria to patients with acquired brain injury including stroke [16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To date, all systematic reviews on neurostimulation as a treatment for OD set boundaries for inclusion based on medical diagnoses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effects of neurostimulation in people with OD without excluding populations based on medical diagnoses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Findings are based on the highest level of evidence only, namely randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and summarised by conducting meta-analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results of this review will be presented in two companion papers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This paper (Part I) reports on pharyngeal and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (PES and NMES) while the second paper (Part II) will report on brain stimulation (i.e., rTMS and tDCS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methodology and reporting of this systematic review were based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and checklist (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2) which aim to enhance the essential and transparent reporting of systematic reviews [20,21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The protocol for this review was registered at PROSPERO, the international prospective register of systematic reviews (registration number: CRD42020179842)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Literature searches to identify studies were conducted on 6 March 2021, across four databases: CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Publication dates of coverage ranged from 1937-2021, 1902-2021, 1887-2021, and 1809-2021, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additional searches, including checking the reference lists of eligible articles, were performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Two main categories of terms were used in combination: (1) dysphagia and (2) randomised control trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Search strategies were performed in all four electronic databases using sub- headings (e.g., MeSH and Thesaurus terms) and free text terms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The full electronic search strategies for each database are reported in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To identify other literature beyond that found using these strategies, the reference lists of each eligible article were checked."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Studies were included in this systematic review if they met the following criteria: (1) participants had a diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia; (2) the study included non- invasive neurostimulation interventions aimed at reducing swallowing or feeding problems; (3) the study included a control group or comparison intervention group; (4) participants were randomly assigned to one of the study arms or groups; and (5) the study was published in the English language."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interventions such as non-electrical peripheral stimulation (e.g., air-puff or gustatory stimulation), pharmacological interventions and acupuncture, were considered out of the scope of this review, and thus were excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Invasive techniques and/or those that did not specifically target OD (i.e., deep-brain stimulation studies after neurosurgical implementation of a neurostimulator) were also excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Conference abstracts, doctoral theses, editorials, and reviews were excluded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, only studies reporting on peripheral neurostimulation (i.e., PES and NMES) were included in this review (Part I)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studies on brain neurostimulation (i.e., rTMS and tDCS) will be reported on in a companion paper (Part II)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The RoB 2 tool identifies five domains to consider when assessing where bias may have been introduced into a randomised trial: (1) bias arising from the randomisation process; (2) bias due to deviations from intended interventions; (3) bias due to missing outcome data; (4) bias in measurement of the outcome; and (5) bias in selection of the reported result."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The RoB 2 gives a series of signalling questions for each domain whose answers give a judgement (i.e., \"low risk of bias,\" \"some concerns,\" or \"high risk of bias\"), which can be evaluated to determine a study's overall risk of bias [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A data extraction form was created to extract data from the included studies under the following categories: participant diagnosis, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, age, gender, intervention goal, intervention agent/delivery/dosage, outcome measures, and treatment outcome."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Titles and abstracts of included studies were screened for eligibility by two indepen- dent reviewers, after which the eligibility of selected original articles was assessed by these same two reviewers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If agreement could not be reached between the first two reviewers, a third reviewer was consulted to reach consensus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Two independent researchers also assessed the methodological study quality and, where necessary, consensus was reached with involvement of a third reviewer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As none of the reviewers have formal or informal af- filiations with any of the authors of the included studies, no evident bias in article selection or methodological study quality rating was present."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data points across all studies were extracted using comprehensive data extraction forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Risk of bias per individual study was assessed using the RoB 2 tool [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data were extrapolated and synthesized using the following categories: participant characteristics, inclusion criteria, intervention conditions, outcome measures and intervention outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Effect sizes and significance of findings were the main summary measures for assessing treatment outcome."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data were extracted from each study to compare the effect sizes for the following: (1) pre-post outcome measures of OD and (2) mean difference between neu- rostimulation and comparison controls in outcome measures from pre- to post-intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Control groups may receive no treatment, sham stimulation and/or traditional dyspha- gia therapy (DT; e.g., bolus modification, oromotor exercises, body and head postural adjustments, and swallow manoeuvres)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only studies using instrumental assessment (e.g., videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swal- lowing (FEES)) to confirm OD were included."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data collected using outcome measures based on visuoperceptual evaluation of instru- mental assessment were preferred over clinical non-instrumental assessments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Oral intake measures were only included if no other clinical data were available, whereas screening tools and patient self-report measures were excluded from meta-analyses altogether."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When selecting outcome measures for meta-analyses, reducing heterogeneity between studies was a priority."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, measures other than the authors' primary outcomes may have been preferred if these measures contributed to greater homogeneity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To compare effect sizes, group means, standard deviations, and sample sizes for pre- and post-measurements, data were entered into Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Ver- sion 3.3.070 [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If only non-parametric data were available (i.e., medians, interquartile ranges), data were converted into parametric data for meta-analytic purposes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Studies with multiple intervention groups were analysed separately for each experimental-control comparison."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If studies included the same participants, only one study was included in the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For studies providing insufficient data for meta-analysis, authors were contacted by e-mail to request additional data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Effect sizes were calculated in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis using a random-effects model since it was unlikely that studies would have similar true effects due to variations in sampling, participant characteristics, intervention approaches, and outcome measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Heterogeneity was estimated using the Q statistic to determine the spread of effect sizes about the mean and I 2 was used to estimate the ratio of true variance to total variance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I 2 -values of less than 50%, 50% to 74%, and higher than 75% denote low, moderate, and high heterogeneity, respectively [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Effect sizes were generated using the Hedges' g formula for standardized mean difference with a confidence interval of 95%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Effects sizes were interpreted using Cohen's d convention as follows: g ≤ 0.2 as no or negligible effect; 0.2 < g ≤ 0.5 as small effect; 0.5 < g ≤ 0.8 as moderate effect; and g > 0.8 as large effect [25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Forest plots of effect sizes for OD outcome scores were generated for PES and NMES separately: (1) pre-post neurostimulation and (2) neurostimulation interventions versus comparison groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subgroup analyses were used to explore effect sizes as a function of various moderators depending on neurostimulation type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, outcome measures, medical diagnoses, total treatment duration, total neurostimulation time, and stimulation characteristics (e.g., pulse duration, pulse rate, electrode configuration)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To account for the possibility of spontaneous recovery during the intervention period, only between-subgroup meta-analyses were conducted using post-intervention data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comprehensive Data Analysis software was utilized to evaluate publication bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Begg and Muzumdar's test [26] was used to calculate the rank correlation between the standardised effect size and the ranks of their variances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Begg and Muzumdar test calculates both a tau and a two tailed p value, with values of close to zero indicating no correlation, while results closer to 1 suggest a correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Where asymmetry is the result of publication bias, high standard error values would correspond with larger effect sizes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Where larger effects correspond to low values, tau would be positive (with the inverse also being true)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Conversely, when larger effects correspond to high values, tau would be negative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Publication bias was also evaluated utilising a fail-safe N test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This measure addresses the question of how many omitted studies would be necessary to nullify the effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It refers to the number of studies where the effect size was zero being included in the meta-analysis prior to the result becoming statistically insignificant [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When this value is comparably low, there may be reason to treat the results with caution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When the value is comparably high, however, it can be reasonably concluded that the treatment effect is not nil, although it may be increased due to the omission of some studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A total of 8059 studies were identified through subject heading and free text searches from the four databases: CINAHL (n = 239), Embase (n = 4550), PsycINFO (n = 231), and PubMed (n = 3039)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Removing duplicate titles and abstracts (n = 1113) left a total of 6946 records."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A total of 261 original articles were assessed at a full-text level, with articles grouped based on type of intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Four additional studies were found through reference checking of the included articles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At this stage, no studies were excluded based on type of intervention (e.g., behavioural intervention, neurostimulation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of the reviewed 261 articles, 58 studies on neurostimulation were identified that satisfied the inclusion criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As this systematic review reports on PES and NMES interventions only, a final number of 42 studies reporting on peripheral neurostimulation were included in this review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Figure 1 presents the flow diagram of the reviewing process according to PRISMA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All included studies are described in detail within Tables 2 and 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Specifically, Table 2 presents data on study characteristics including methodological study quality, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and details on participant groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The following information is provided for all study groups (control and intervention groups): medical diagnosis, sample size, age and gender."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Table 3 reports on intervention goals of included studies, intervention components, outcome measures, intervention outcomes, as well as main conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Across the 42 included studies, 30 studies reported on NMES and eight studies reported on PES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Four studies used another type of neurostimulation (i.e., rTMS) in addition to NMES or PES, either within the same group or different treatment groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 42 studies included a total of 2281 participants (mean 54.3; SD 39.1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The sample sizes ranged from the smallest sample of 16 participants [60,61] to the largest sample of 162 participants [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By intervention type, samples were characterized as follows: NMES total 1706, mean 56.9, SD 38.9, range 18-135; PES total 410, mean 51.3, SD 49.0, range 16-162; and combined neurostimulation total 165, mean 41.3, SD 19.3, range 18-64."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The mean age of participants across all studies was 61.8 years (SD 15.3), with one study reporting age range only (65-93 years) [61]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Participant mean age across all studies ranged from 4.2 years [54] to 84.4 years [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The mean age of participants by intervention group was: NMES 60.9 years (SD 16.9), PES 64.7 years (SD 11.9), and combined neurostimulation 63.8 years (SD 6.4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Across all studies, 61.0% (SD 13.5) of participants were male and one study did not report gender distribution [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Percentage of males by intervention group was NMES 62.6% (SD 14.0), PES 56.7% (SD 9.6), and other/combined 65.4% (SD 12.3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most studies included stroke patients (n = 31), while three studies included mixed populations [28,41,43] and one study reported OD without further underlying medical diagnosis [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other diagnoses by intervention group were: Parkinson's disorder (n = 2) [32,46], cerebral palsy (n = 2) [50,54], and head and neck cancer (n = 2) [36,48] in NMES; and multiple sclerosis (n = 1) [63] in PES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Across the 42 studies, VFSS was most frequently used to confirm participant's diag- nosis of OD (n = 31), whereas six studies used FEES [49,53,54,60,64,65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Several of these studies combined instrumental assessment with either a screen (n = 2) [58,65] or clinical assessment (n = 6) [49,50,53-55,68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One study used either clinical assessment or VFSS [50]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One study used a single screen [56], three studies used clinical assessment only [35,38,59], and one study used both [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The studies were conducted across 14 countries, with studies most frequently conducted in Korea (n = 11), China (n = 7), the UK (n = 7), Spain (n = 4), Italy (n = 2), Turkey (n = 2), and Germany (n = 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Outcome Measures (Table 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Outcomes measures varied greatly across all studies included in the review, covering several domains within the area of OD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Penetration Aspiration Score was the most reported outcome measure (PAS; 18 studies), followed by Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS; 12 studies), Functional Dysphagia Scale (FDS; 5 studies), Dysphagia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS; 5 studies), Swallowing Quality of Life questionnaire (SWAL-QOL; 4 studies), and Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS; 3 studies)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NMES Intervention (n = 30: Tables 2 and 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In total, 22 studies included two study arms or groups, whereas eight studies included three groups [31-34Control groups included mostly sham NMES stimulation and/or DT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only one study included a control group receiving neither DT nor NMES [30], and one study included usual care across different healthcare settings as the comparison group [51]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "PES Intervention (n = 8: Tables 2 and 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All eight studies compared PES to a sham version of the treatment [58-65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "None of the studies included other treatment groups (e.g., DT) or control groups (e.g., usual care or no treatment)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Combined Neurostimulation Interventions (n = 4: Tables 2 and 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three studies in the combined intervention group compared three different treatments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of these, one study compared PES, paired associative stimulation (PAS) and rTMS [68], a second study compared DT, rTMS combined with DT, and NMES combined with DT [67], and a third study compared rTMS, PES and capsaicin stimulation [66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A fourth study combined NMES stimulation with sham rTMS or rTMS stimulating different hemispheres (ipsilesional, contralesional or bilateral) [69]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The tau values from the Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation were 0.101 (two-tailed p = 0.589) and < 0.000 (two-tailed p > 0.999) for NMES and PES, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The NMES meta-analysis incorporates data from 16 studies, which yielded a z-value of 4.107 (two-tailed p < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The fail-safe N is 55 indicating 55 'null' studies need to be located and included for the combined two-tailed p-value to exceed 0.050."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, there would need to be 3.4 missing studies for every observed study for the effect to be nullified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The PES meta- analysis incorporates data from five studies yielding a z-value of 1.156 (two-tailed p < 0.248)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Since the combined result is not statistically significant, the fail-safe N (which addresses the concern that the observed significance may be spurious) is not relevant."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Both of these procedures (i.e., Begg and Mazumdar rank correlation and fail-safe N) indicate the absence of publication bias."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figures 2 and 3 present, respectively, the risk of bias summary per domain for all included studies combined and for individual studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The majority of studies had low risk of bias with very few exceptions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eleven studies were included in the NMES meta-analysis [28sensory NMES stimulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall within-group analysis (Figure 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A significant, large pre-post intervention effect size was calculated using a random-effects model (z(17) = 6.477, p < 0.001, Hedges' g = 1.272, and 95% CI = 0.887-1.657)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pre-post intervention effect sizes ranged from 0.000 to 3.826."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 13 of the 18 NMES intervention groups, effect sizes were large (Hedges' g > 0.8), indicating that NMES accounted for a significant proportion of standardized mean difference for these studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Between-study heterogeneity was significant (Q(17) = 106.7, and p < 0.001), with I 2 showing that heterogeneity accounted for 84.1% of variation in effect sizes across studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall between-group analysis (Figure 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A significant, small post-intervention between- group total effect size in favour of NMES was calculated using a random-effects model (z(8) = 2.589, p = 0.010, Hedges' g = 0.433, and 95% CI = 0.105-0.760)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0039__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Between-study heterogeneity was significant (Q(8) = 18.0, and p = 0.021), with I 2 showing that heterogeneity accounted for 55.6% of variation in effect sizes across studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Between-subgroup analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subgroup analyses (Table 4) were conducted to compare diagnostic groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Treatment effects were highest (moderate) for stroke patients, while other groups showed no significant effect sizes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For all other subgroup analyses, only stroke patients were included to improve homogeneity between studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subgroup anal- yses between studies compared intervention types (NMES, NMES + DT), time between pre- and post-intervention measurement, outcome measures, total stimulation times, elec- trodes configurations, pulse durations, and pulse rates (Table 4)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NMES as an adjunctive treatment to DT showed significant, moderate positive treatment effects, whereas NMES alone showed non-significant effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Effect sizes comparing time between pre- and post- treatment measurements showed no clear results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although no effects could be identified at 2 weeks, a significant, positive effect size was found at 7 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When comparing effect sizes based on outcome measures, the only significant effect found was a significant, large effect size for oral intake."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The non-significant effects sizes for visuoperceptual evaluation of instrumental assessment ranged between negligible negative to moderate positive effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Total stimulation time subgroup analyses showed significant, moderate positive treatment effects for longer stimulation times (>100 min)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Shorter stimulation times did not result in significant effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Comparisons for electrode configurations showed significant, mod- erate positive effects sizes for infrahyoid configuration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Electrode configuration based on patients' characteristics, including OD outcome scores, indicated non-significant moderate effects, whereas both suprahyoid combined with infrahyoid and suprahyoid configurations resulted in negligible effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Final comparisons between studies using different pulse durations did not suggest a linear relationship, whereas pulse rate comparisons indicated that studies using higher frequencies showed increased significant, positive moderate effect sizes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Five studies using PAS in adult stroke patients were included in the meta- analyses [58,62,65,66,68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three studies were excluded from meta-analyses for the fol- lowing reasons: overlap in participant population between studies, insufficient data for meta-analyses, and no confirmation of OD diagnosis prior to treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall within-group analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The pre-post intervention effect sizes for the included studies ranged from 0.265 (small effect) [66] to 0.802 (large effect) [62], with an overall moderate effect size of 0.527 (Figure 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As one study, however, did not provide PAS data for all included participants [65], a sensitivity analysis was conducted for both PAS and DSRS, indicating minimal differences in effect sizes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall between-group analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A non-significant post-intervention between-group total effect size in favour of PES was found using a random-effects model (z(4) = 0.718, p = 0.473, Hedges' g = 0.099, and 95% CI = −0.170-0.368), suggesting no improvement in PAS outcomes following PES neurostimulation (Figure 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Between-study heterogeneity was non-significant (Q(4) = 1.8, and p = 0.766)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall between-group analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A non-significant post-intervention between-group total effect size in favour of PES was found using a random-effects model (z(4) = 0.718, p = 0.473, Hedges' g = 0.099, and 95% CI = −0.170-0.368), suggesting no improvement in PAS outcomes following PES neurostimulation (Figure 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Between-study heterogeneity was non-significant (Q(4) = 1.8, and p = 0.766)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Between-subgroup analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subgroup analyses were conducted (Table 4) comparing total stimulation time between studies, favouring shorter stimulation times (z(1) = 0.940, p = 0.347, Hedges' g = 0.300, and 95% CI = −0.325-0.925)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Between-subgroup analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subgroup analyses were conducted (Table 4) comparing total stimulation time between studies, favouring shorter stimulation times (z(1) = 0.940, p = 0.347, Hedges' g = 0.300, and 95% CI = −0.325-0.925)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study (Part I) aimed to determine the effects of PES and NMES in people with OD without excluding populations based on medical diagnoses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To base findings on the highest level of evidence, only RCTs were included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PRISMA procedures as a guide."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When comparing RCTs in pharyngeal and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (i.e., PES and NMES), various methodological problems became apparent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some studies did not define OD or used divergent definitions, whereas other studies applied different inclusion criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most studies included patients with confirmed OD by instrumental assessment, but several studies used screening, patient self-report or clinical assessments instead."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, participant characteristics may differ widely between studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Despite most studies included stroke patients, meta-analysis comparing diagnostic groups other than stroke was possible for NMES, however this could not be conducted for PES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, the great variety in outcome measures also restricted comparisons by meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As heterogeneity between studies indicates that no estimated overall effect by meta-analysis should be determined, combining studies targeting different domains within the area of OD will have similar implications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For instance, meta-analyses based on both patients' self-reported health-related quality of life and visuoperceptual evaluation of instrumental assessments would very likely lead to inappropriate estimated overall effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, to reduce heterogeneity between outcome measures, some studies were excluded from the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This strong focus on reducing heterogeneity between studies when performing meta-analysis also implies that data other than the authors' primary outcomes may have been preferably included in this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For example, the primary outcome for Dziewas, Stellato, Van Der Tweel, Walther, Werner, Braun, Citerio, Jandl, Friedrichs, Nötzel, Vosko, Mistry, Hamdy, McGowan, Warnecke, Zwittag and Bath [59] and Suntrup, Marian, Schröder, Suttrup, Muhle, Oelenberg, Hamacher, Minnerup, Warnecke and Dziewas [64] was readiness for decannulation, which was considered too different from outcomes in the other included studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All eight PES studies compared neurostimulation with sham stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, among the 30 NMES studies, the comparison group variably consisted of usual care, DT, another dysphagia treatment or a combination of treatments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast to PES studies that did not include any DT groups, most NMES studies combined neurostimulation with simultaneous DT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, DT consisted of a wide range of behavioural interventions, using different treatment dosages, timings, and durations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, DT was referred to by many different names and acronyms (e.g., dysphagia training, behavioural intervention, classic treatment, or standard care)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This suggest that care should be taken with the use of DT as an overarching term to group many different behavioural interventions to estimate overall effect sizes in meta-analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, RCTs are characterised by random allocation of participants to interven- tion groups and blinding or masking the nature of treatment for participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in neurostimulation studies, blinding is frequently not feasible and participants may identify what treatment arm they have been assigned to (e.g., the presence of neurostimulation equipment, the experience of active stimulation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, since neurostimulation thresholding in PES is frequently applied in all groups to mask treatment assignment, patients receiving sham stimulation would still have been exposed to a certain level of neurostimulation during thresholding."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Those studies not using thresholding in sham groups (e.g., [59,64]) might show larger treatment effect differences when comparing neurostimulation versus sham stimulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When considering meta-analyses for NMES, the highest effect sizes were found for stroke populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As existing reviews in NMES [10,12,18,19] excluded other patient populations, no comparisons could be made between clinical populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, only two reviews conducted meta-analyses [18,19] selecting studies using different inclusion criteria (e.g., excluding comparison groups with active treatment components [18] or excluding chronic stroke patients [19])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Reviews may also prefer different outcome data for meta-analyses, especially in the case of RCTs using a large battery of assessments."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As such, total numbers of included studies vary per review, but comparisons between reviews may be falsely estimated due to differences in methodology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this systematic review, a wide range in effect sizes was found in NMES RCTs de- pending on outcome measures used."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, oral intake scales showed highest effects sizes when compared to visuoperceptual evaluation of instrumental assessment or clinical assessment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This might be explained by NMES treatment usually taking place over consec- utive weeks, in contrast to other neurostimulation techniques (e.g., PES or rTMS) that may be restricted to limited sessions over a few days only."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The great heterogeneity between DT groups also impeded comparisons between NMES only, NMES plus DT, and DT-only groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No RCTs provided adequate DT group data to be included in the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For NMES groups, only two studies were included."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As a result, information about the effects of DT is lacking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The negligible effect sizes found for NMES without DT were based on only two studies and the moderate effect sizes for combined NMES and DT were based on a total of seven studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most studies performed NMES at motor stimulation level, whereas only a few studies included a group receiving NMES at sensory stimulation level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As none of these latter studies could be included in meta-analyses, no further details are available on comparisons between effect sizes for sensory versus motor stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, terminology was confusing as sensory stimulation was sometimes referred to as sham stimulation [39]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NMES studies showed marked variation in the technical parameters and protocols applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When comparing electrode configurations, both hyoid and combined hyoid and suprahyoid configurations showed negligible effects, whereas infrahyoid configurations resulted in moderate effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A study using patient-dependent configurations showed promising results as well [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it remained unclear which criteria were used to decide on individual configurations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, reporting on many technical parameters proved to be either incomplete or unclear for several studies (e.g., data on pulse duration, pulse rate, or stimulation time)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As technical parameters may depend on medical device manufacturers, comparisons between brands may be warranted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0060__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For example, when considering pulse duration, a clear distinction in effect sizes is found between one study using a lower pulse rate-indicating a negative effect size-versus eight studies using higher pulse rates with moderate effect sizes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared to NMES, fewer PES studies were identified and thus a more limited meta- analysis was conducted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "RCTs included stroke populations, except for one study that included patients with multiple sclerosis [63]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All studies compared active PES with sham treatment in stroke patients and used mostly visuoperceptual evaluation of radiographic recordings of the swallowing act as an outcome measure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Meta-analysis identified a non-significant post-intervention between-group total effect size in favour of PES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This finding seemed in line with findings by Chiang, Lin, Hsiao, Yeh, Liang and Wang [19], but this comparison is limited as it is based on only two studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, Bath, Lee and Everton [18] reported that PES studies did not show an effect for many outcome measures (e.g., post-treatment proportions of participants with dysphagia, swallowing ability, penetration and aspiration scores or nutrition)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in contrast to previous reviews, Cheng, Sasegbon and Hamdy [7] found a significant, moderate effect size in favour of PES when conducting meta-analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Again, inclusion criteria between reviews differed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, two studies [59,64] were excluded from meta-analysis in this review as well as the reviews by Chiang, Lin, Hsiao, Yeh, Liang and Wang [19] and Bath, Lee and Everton [18], but were included in the review by Cheng, Sasegbon and Hamdy [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may have impacted the overall effect size as both PES studies showed significant treatment effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Differences between NMES and PES studies made comparisons between RCTs difficult and hindered meta-analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studies used different participant inclusion criteria in relation to underlying medical diagnoses or chronicity of stroke and used a large variety of outcome measures covering different domains within the area of OD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Outcome measures may also lack responsiveness, thus lack sensitivity to change during treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, studies varied significantly in technical parameters of neurostimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The number of studies and participants restricted the ability of statistical analyses to consider how each variable may have impacted the effects of neurostimulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Studies frequently neglected to report on potential moderators of stimulation effects in sufficient detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, stroke severity and OD severity are inextricably linked and may moderate stimulation effects, yet only very few studies provided data on stroke severity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similar problems occur when the chronicity of a stroke is not reported or the possibility of spontaneous recovery is ignored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is especially true during NMES treatment, which may span a period of several weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, no consensus was reached regarding the optimal moment for outcome measurement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Consequently, in this review, between-subgroup meta-analyses were conducted using post-intervention data only, so that the possibility of spontaneous recovery during the intervention period was taken into consideration."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite a rigorous reviewing process following PRISMA guidelines and the use of RoB 2 to reduce bias, this review is subject to some limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only RCTs published in English were included in this current study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, some RCTs may have been excluded based on language criteria when their findings could have contributed to the current meta- analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, meta-analyses included mostly stroke studies, thereby not providing effect sizes for other diagnostic patient populations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the main limitation of this review originates from the high degree of heterogeneity between studies, making comparisons across studies challenging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0066__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As such, generalisations and meta-analyses should be interpreted with care."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Meta-analyses for RCTS in NMES found a significant, large pre-post intervention effect size and significant, small post-intervention between-group effect size in favour of NMES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For PES studies, the meta-analyses showed a significant, moderate effect size for pre-post intervention, whereas overall between-group analysis did not result in significant treatment effects."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on these results, NMES seems to have a more promising outcome compared to PES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, only careful generalisations and interpretations of these meta- analyses can be made due to the NMES studies showing high heterogeneity in protocols and experimental variables, including potential moderators, and featuring inconsistent methodological reporting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a need for more RCTs with larger sample sizes in addition to the standard- isation of protocols and guidelines for reporting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These changes would better facilitate comparisons of studies and help to determine intervention effects more definitively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Delphi studies involving international experts might allow for a consensus to be reached, thus supporting future research, comparability and generalisability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4938__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with interest the authors’ systematic review and meta-analysis of pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Neurostimulation techniques are increasingly used in the rehabilitation of dysphagia and clearly constitute an emerging field of modern medicine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recently, several meta-analyses have been dedicated to this topic, which is also covered in current guidelines [2,3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As observed by Speyer and co-workers, most of these meta-analyses have focused on specific disease categories, which was the reason why the authors aimed for a wider approach that included any medical diagnoses."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While we appreciate this intention and agree that this meta-analysis adds to current knowledge, we feel that the authors missed their self-set goal of providing the full picture regarding the treatment effects of PES in four respects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the authors excluded two of eight identified randomised controlled trials of PES because they assumed, as stated in the results section, that there was “no confirmation of OD diagnosis prior to treatment” in these studies [4,5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our opinion, the exclusion of these studies based on the reasoning put forward by the authors is not warranted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The two studies in question, a single-centre pilot study [4] and a multicentre trial [5], applied PES in tracheotomised stroke patients who had been weaned from mechanical ventilation but could not be decannulated because of severe dysphagia, a rather common situation in neurocritical care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both studies used a well-established FEES-based protocol [6–8] to assess airway safety, a key and fundamental aspect of swallowing function, before and after intervention, i.e., PES or sham."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This protocol consists of a stepwise evaluation of the following three items:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(i) Assessment of secretion: Does the patient present with a massive pooling of saliva or a silent penetration/aspiration of saliva?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(ii) Assessment of spontaneous swallows: Does the patient present with <1 swallow per minute and/or a missing “whiteout”?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(iii) Assessment of laryngeal sensibility/cough: Does the patient have anaesthesia and/or no effective cough upon gently touching the aryepiglottic region with the tip of the endoscope?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If all three items are rated as passed, the patient is considered ready for decannulation; if the patient fails at one or more steps, decannulation needs to be postponed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While this protocol has specifically been developed for examining tracheotomized patients, all of its items are part of the standard FEES protocol, as recently summarised in an FEES tutorial jointly issued by the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association and by the American Board of Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders [9], and have been found to be of clinical relevance in different areas of dysphagia management."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence, we feel that it is inappropriate to exclude the two mentioned PES trials from the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "PES was associated with a more than 10-times greater chance of treatment success as compared to sham in these trials, so their inclusion in the meta-analysis would have most likely impacted on the estimated treatment effect of PES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the authors focused on the effect of PES on penetration aspiration scale score rather than relevant clinical measures such as the dysphagia severity rating scale [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A previous meta-analysis found that PES improved DSRS [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, the authors suggested that “NMES may have more promising effects compared to PES” [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We are unaware of any head-to-head comparisons of the two techniques (and none were presented in the systematic review), so it is inappropriate to comment on the superiority of one technique over the other based on the indirect comparison of the meta-analysis results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, the between-group lower and upper confidence limits of effect overlapped (NMES 0.105 to 0.760; PES −0.170 to 0.368) which is compatible with no difference in efficacy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, the introduction of interventions into routine clinical practice requires more than just evidence of efficacy; we also need evidence that interventions are cost-effective, and this information is missing from this and other meta-analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, it is likely that both techniques are effective and have a clinical role in overlapping groups of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, as the authors say, large trials are needed, and these should include both clinical and health economic outcome measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__critique__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We are delighted to announce that the UK government-funded Pharyngeal Electrical Stimulation for Acute Stroke Dysphagia Trial (PhEAST) is studying the clinical and cost effectiveness of PES versus control in 800 patients with dysphagia after a recent stroke (https://stroke.nottingham.ac.uk/pheast/, accessed 4 March 2022)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4938__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our systematic review and meta-analysis of pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is the first paper (Part I) [1] of two companion papers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The second paper (Part II) [2] reports on brain stimulation (i.e., rTMS and tDCS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, a third paper [3] has been published, reporting on behavioural interventions in people with OD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All three systematic reviews use similar methodologies and are based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement and checklist [4,5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The overall aim of the three reviews is to determine the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques and behavioural interventions for people with OD and to provide an overview of the findings based on the highest level of evidence, namely conducting meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a commentary about our review on PES and NMES (Part I), Dziewas and Bath argue that our review did not provide the full picture regarding the treatment of PES [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors list four arguments, which this current paper will address consecutively:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, Dziewas and Bath state that we excluded two of eight identified randomised-controlled trials of PES (Dziewas et al. [ 2018] [7] and Suntrup et al. [ 2015] [8]) because we assumed that there was ‘no confirmation of OD diagnosis prior to treatment’ in these studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to clarify that we did not exclude these two studies from our systematic review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both studies met all eligibility criteria; however, they were excluded from the meta-analysis based on the need to reduce heterogeneity of the measures used to report on outcomes between studies when conducting meta-analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As such, we report on both studies in detail in our outcome tables (Tables 2 and 3), including their use of fibreoptic evaluation of swallowing recordings (FEES) as part of their protocol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As summarised in the results section, of the ten studies that met the eligibility criteria of this review, eight studies compared PES to a sham version of the treatment, while two studies compared PES with other types of neurostimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of these ten studies, five studies were excluded from the meta-analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We excluded these studies from meta-analyses due to an overlap in the participant population between studies, insufficient data reported for meta-analyses, a lack of confirmation of OD diagnosis by instrumental assessment prior to treatment and to ensure that the outcome data are as homogenous as possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The studies by Dziewas et al. ( 2018) [7] and Suntrup et al. ( 2015) [8] were excluded from meta-analyses for reasons of heterogeneity, as clearly described in the discussion:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For instance, meta-analyses based on both patients’ self-reported health-related quality of life and visuoperceptual evaluation of instrumental assessments would very likely lead to inappropriate estimated overall effects."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, to reduce heterogeneity between outcome measures, some studies were excluded from the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This strong focus on reducing heterogeneity between studies when performing meta-analysis also implies that data other than the authors’ primary outcomes may have been preferably included in this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, the primary outcome for Dziewas, Stellato, Van Der Tweel, Walther, Werner, Braun, Citerio, Jandl, Friedrichs, Nötzel, Vosko, Mistry, Hamdy, McGowan, Warnecke, Zwittag and Bath [7] and Suntrup, Marian, Schröder, Suttrup, Muhle, Oelenberg, Hamacher, Minnerup, Warnecke and Dziewas [8] was readiness for decannulation, which was considered too different from outcomes in the other included studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As stated under the Methods section, when selecting outcome measures for inclusion in the meta-analysis, reducing heterogeneity between studies was a priority."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If heterogeneity is not within reasonable limits, the results of meta-analyses cannot be adequately interpreted [9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, in line with current guidelines on conducting meta-analyses, outcomes that are too disparate should not be combined in meta-analyses as unequivocal differences in effects may be obscured [9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the continuum of the heterogeneity of dysphagia treatment outcomes, we prioritised visuoperceptual measures of instrumental assessment (VFSS and FEES)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If no visuoperceptual measure was available, we considered non-instrumental clinical assessments (e.g., oral intake measures)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Oral intake measures were only included if no other clinical data were available, whereas screening tools and patient self-report measures were excluded from the meta-analyses altogether."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We considered ‘decannulation’ vastly different from any of the other outcome parameters, and, therefore, based on the guidelines for conducting meta-analyses, decided not to include both trachea studies [7,8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The core issue at hand is the argument put forward by Dziewas and Bath to group patients with dysphagia who have been tracheotomised using readiness for decannulation as an outcome with patients who have not been tracheotomised using visual perceptual measures of FEES or videofluoroscopy (VFSS) to evaluate dysphagia severity in the same meta-analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To us, and we suspect for many others in the dysphagia field, the outcomes used are clearly very different and should therefore not be combined in the same meta-analysis under the principle of avoiding heterogeneity when conducting a meta-analysis to determine the effects of PES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, Dziewas and Bath state in their commentary that we focussed on the effects of PES using the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) and ignored relevant clinical measures, such as the Dysphagia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "VFSS and FEES are widely supported in the literature as ‘gold standard’ assessments in the diagnosis of OD and determining OD severity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This view was confirmed in the recently published whitepaper by the European Society for Swallowing Disorders on screening and non-instrumental assessment for dysphagia [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This supported our argument for using PAS data (a visuoperceptual measure of FEES and VFSS) over DSRS data (an oral intake measure [11,12]) as a preferred outcome measure when conducting meta-analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0089__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the decision to only include PAS data for meta-analysis was made for two reasons: (i) all five PES studies eligible for meta-analyses used PAS as an outcome measure, thus ensuring the included outcome measures were homogenous, and (ii) PAS, as opposed to the DSRS, is a visuoperceptual measure of ‘gold standard’ assessments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite our argument for only including PAS outcome data, to be fastidious, we conducted the PES within- and between-group meta-analysis again to determine the differences between the results when including non-instrumental clinical assessment data (i.e., DSRS) with PAS data, against using PAS data only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two [Jayasekeran et al. ( 2010) and Vasant et al. ( 2016)] of the original five studies included in the meta-analyses provided both DSRS and PAS data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When conducting meta-analyses based on combined PAS and DSRS data, the following results were found for a between-group comparison: using a random-effects model, an overall non-significant no effect between-group total effect size favouring PES was found (z(4) = 0.825, p = 0.410, Hedges’ g = 0.109, and 95% CI = −0.150–0.367)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In comparison, the original results, as reported in Speyer et al. ( 2022), were a non-significant no effect between-group total effect size favouring PES (z(4) = 0.718, p = 0.473, Hedges’ g = 0.099, and 95% CI = −0.170–0.368)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When conducting meta-analyses based on combined PAS and DSRS data, the following results were found for a within-group comparison: using a random-effects model, an overall significant moderate within-group total effect size favouring post-intervention was found (z(4) = 4.562, p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 0.591, and 95% CI = 0.337–0.844)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In comparison, the original results, as reported in Speyer et al. ( 2022), were an overall significant moderate within-group total effect size favouring post-intervention (z(4) = 3.983, p < 0.001, Hedges’ g = 0.527, and 95% CI = 0.268–0.786)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0092__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In summary, for both within-group and between-group analysis, even if we had included DSRS data instead of PAS data for two of the five studies, the substantive results would have been the same as those reported in our meta-analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, in their commentary, Dziewas and Bath dispute our conclusions in relation to the interpretation of our reported effects for PES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When conducting meta-analyses, we found significant, large pre-post treatment effects for NMES and moderate pre-post treatment effects for PES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In line with our results, we suggested:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "‘... that NMES may have more promising effects compared to PES."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, NMES studies showed high heterogeneity in protocols and experimental variables, the presence of potential moderators, and inconsistent reporting of methodology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, only conservative generalisations and interpretation of meta-analyses could be made’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We formulated our conclusions with great caution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We disagree with the statement by Dziewas and Bath that interventions can only be compared within the same meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When direct comparisons are unavailable, an indirect comparison meta-analysis should evaluate the magnitude of treatment effects across studies [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0095__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As such, the presentation of the effect sizes of PES and NMES presents a legitimate first step in comparing intervention efficacy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, to be prudent, we conducted an additional between-subgroup meta-analysis including all NMES and PES studies in the same meta-analysis to compare the effect sizes between both types of neurostimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Between-subgroup analyses using a random-effects model showed significant differences between NMES and PES (p = 0.011) with a small effect size in favour of NMES (Hedges’g = 0.269; 95% CI = 0.061–0.477; z-value = 2.537)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These results support our previous cautious conclusions formulated in our review in favour of NMES."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourth, Dziewas and Bath also argue that interventions need to be cost-effective and that this information is missing from our meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We are somewhat surprised by this argument as the purpose of our systematic reviews was clearly not to target cost-effectiveness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree that the cost-effectiveness of interventions is important, but this topic is outside the scope of our current publication on treatment effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Combining clinical dysphagia outcomes with measures of cost-effectiveness in our meta-analyses would have introduced unacceptable heterogeneity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, we disagree with the arguments put forward by Dziewas and Bath."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reducing heterogeneity in meta-analyses is essential."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By ignoring heterogeneity, the results from meta-analyses are not trustworthy and do not contribute to the research or, in this case, evidence-based dysphagia care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We provided an objective overview of the highest level of evidence (meta-analyses of RCTs) in the treatment of dysphagia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0098__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our conservative conclusions are based on meta-analyses taking into account the heterogeneity between studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4938", "paragraph_id": "triad_4938__response__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The final statement by Dziewas and Bath that it is very likely that both NMES and PES are effective and have a clinical role may be true; however, this needs to be confirmed by further research using robust methodologies, as suggested in our reviews."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, discussion around outcome measurement of dysphagia severity needs further consideration and ongoing debate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further, to facilitate comparisons of studies and determine intervention effects, there is a need for more randomised controlled trials with larger sample sizes and greater standardisation of protocols and guidelines for reporting."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4938__response__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, while we appreciate the authors’ candour in reporting that one of the authors received financial compensation for being a board member of Phagenesis Ltd., a manufacturer of PES technology, it is worth pointing out that there is a need for further research involving independent researchers without any conflict of interest to replicate the current evidence of PES as an important intervention in tackling the challenges associated with dysphagia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4938/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4210690516_W4281681611_W4282924743", "triad_name": "triad_4938", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4938__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nasal cavity is an uncommon site of cancer in most countries (2), and the Inuit are no exception to this rule despite the elevated frequency of naso-pharyngeal tumours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were no cancers registered to this site in any of the regions in 1969- 1973 in men, nor at any time period in Canada in women (Tables 1,2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In all, only 8 nasal cavity cancers were reported in men and 5 in women in the whole Circumpolar region during the years 1969- 1988."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nevertheless the SIRS with each comparison population for both sexes approximated to 2, though the lower 95% confidence interval (C1) was less than 1 .O."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2404__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The nasal cavity is a site for which little or nothing is known about etiology, though some tumours have been attributed to use of snuff."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is possible that the non-signifi- cant excess of nasal tumours may be a reflection of the elevated rates of nasopharyngeal cancer, and due to similar etiological factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2404__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were 233 lung cancers reported in women and 430 in men in the whole Circumpolar region over the 20-year period of the study (Table 5 ) , comprising 20.6% of all cancers reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eighty-one per cent of all Inuit lung cancers were histologically verified (Table 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The male-to-female ratio always exceeded one, except for the Canadian ratio in 1974-1978."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The rates in Canadian Inuit women were particularly high, often exceeding the rates in men in Alaska and Greenland."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The general trend with time for both Inuit men and women is for an increase in rates throughout the time period, though in Canada there was a fall in 1984- 1988 (Figs 1,2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The age-specific rates (Table 7) are highly variable due to small numbers of cases in most groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Further, with only four time periods used and the small number of cases, it is not possible to determine whether the trends relate to birth cohorts or are cross-sectional."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2404__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cancer incidence data for Circumpolar Inuit populations were developed and compiled from Greenland, Canada and Alaska from 1969 to 1988 to provide the largest possible base of data for documenting the unusual patterns of cancer previously reported for these populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cancer incidence and population data were transferred to the Danish Cancer Registry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Coded information from various ICD-classifications and codes for the basis of diagnosis were transformed to one format, enabling joint analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Standard descriptive analysis was carried out with presentation of number of cases, crude incidence rates (CR), age-standardized rates (world) (ASR), cumulative rates to age 64 years, and indirectly standardized ratios (SIR) to the populations of Connecticut (USA), Canada and Denmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The resulting database can be used to support collaborative international research among the Inuit populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2404__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The value of presenting cancer incidence data from different parts of the world in a comprehensive and standard format has been clearly demonstrated by the series ‘Cancer Incidence in Five Continents’, published by the International Association of Cancer Registries and the International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cancer data related to the Inuit populations of the north have never formed part of these publications, primarily because population-based data from the small, scattered Inuit populations were not available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2404__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data from Greenland were previously published in two monographs [1, 2], with a description of the cancer registration system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data on Canadian Inuit are now available after the development of a cancer registration system for the Inuit of Canada [3]; data for Inuit of the central and western Arctic had been published previously [4, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Cancer incidence data from Alaska were available at the Center for Disease Control, Anchorage, following WHO standards and since 1984 in a format compatible with the National Cancer Institute, USA, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) programme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Earlier data have previously been published [6-8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2404__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The objectives of the present study on cancer among Circumpolar Inuit, were to compile systematically collected cancer incidence data and to present this to the scientific community in a comprehensive tabular format supported by graphical presentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A further objective was to provide sufficient background information [9-11] to assist in the interpretation of the findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The compilation of these data into a standard registry format is hoped to stimulate further research uses of the database, such as international case-control studies or the evaluation of cancer control intervention studies among the Inuit populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__critique__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The current paper documents the methods used to analyse the combined Circumpolar data set, as presented in site-specific papers of this volume of Acta Onocologica [12-20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2404__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Low rates of skin cancer, both melanoma and non-melanoma, were observed in Inuit after 20 years of observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Tumours of the brain and central nervous system, of the thyroid, bone and connective tissues and other specified sites occurred with rates similar to those in comparison populations in Denmark, Connecticut and Canada."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These findings support that neither UV and ionizing radiation from nuclear fall-out, nor pollution of herbicides and pesticides in the Arctic area have yet had any noticeable impact on cancer risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, unspecified and secondary neoplasms constitute 74% of the total Circumpolar cancer incidence and the pattern of rare cancers must be interpreted with caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Increased diagnostic efforts with a higher precision in the future are warranted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The cancers dealt with in this paper constitute a heterogeneous group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Of the possible risk factors mentioned by Lanier [1], Nielsen & Storm [2] and Gaudette et al. [ 3] in particular the Asian heritage of the Inuit, the Arctic environment and the performance and constitution of health services in terms of sub-optimal diagnostic possibilities are important."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Since cancers of the brain and nervous system, bone and connective tissues, the thyroid and all the ‘other specified sites’ [4] are rare even in populations of a substantial size, the Inuit rates in a population below around 110,000 become even more unstable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0008__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "However, in view of the interesting high rates of cancers of the salivary glands, nasopharynx [5] and of the nasal cavities [6] in Inuit, rare cancers are worth studying in these populations, with a view to further studies on the carcinogenic process."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Material and Methods Cancer incidence data from 1969 to 1988 from the Inuit populations of Alaska, Canada and Greenland were collected and compiled into a standard format for the purpose of this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The definitions, methods and data sources are fully described previously [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The accompanying site-specific tables give, by calendar period, country and sex, the total number, crude rate, age-standardized incidence rate (ASR), cumulative rate up to and including the age of 64 (Cum 64) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR), (or indirect standardized rate) to the comparison populations of Connecticut (USA), Canada and Denmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Age-specific rates are presented for the combined Circumpolar area for the 20-year study period as a whole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Basis of diagnosis is given for the 20 years by region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the following, the results for each site are dealt with separately followed by a brief discussion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Melanoma of skin (ICD-9 172) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only six cases of melanoma of the skin in women and two in men were reported in the entire Circumpolar region from 1969 to 1988, with ASRs of 1.1 and 0.3 respectively (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This places the Inuit among the low-risk populations of the world [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, in both sexes for the total time period, the SIRS were very low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There was no change in incidence over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It seems likely that the skin pigmentation of the Inuit constitutionally protects them against melanoma of the skin, constitutional factors being very relevant in the etiology of this cancer [8, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0010__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It remains to be seen whether the increase in ultraviolet radiation exposure associated with the ozone holes over the Arctic will result in any change in this situation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Skin excluding melanoma of skin (ICD-9 173) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only two cancers of this site were registered in Alaska, one each in both sexes in 1984-1988, while in Greenland 9 cases were reported in women and 13 in men, and Canada reported 5 cases in women and 6 in men (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Many cancer registries do not register this site, but of those that do, only registries in China and Japan have as low rates as in the Inuit [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The rates in Denmark and Canadian registries are substantially higher, thus the SIRS for the Inuit are very low, with the upper 95% CIS substantially below 1.0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Non-melanoma skin cancer is strongly related in Western populations to chronic sunlight exposure as well as to some occupational factors, exposures not common among Inuit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "With the destruction of the ozone layer in the Arctic, however, exposure of Inuit to carcinogenic ultraviolet radiation will probably increase."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It would be desirable, therefore, to monitor closely the trends of skin tumours (both melanoma and non-melanoma) among Inuit closely in the future."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 11, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Brain and central nervous system (ICD-9 191, 192) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were 36 brain and CNS cancers reported in women and 28 in men in the whole Circumpolar region over the 20 year-period of the study (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the ASRs for these sites were low, they are not very different from many of the reported rates from registries around the world [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The SIRS have to be interpreted with caution, given the inclusion of benign brain tumours in the Greenland and Denmark data, and their exclusion in Canada and the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When the appropriate SIRS are used (comparing Alaskan rates with Connecticut, Greenland rates with Denmark and Canadian Inuit rates with Canada), most of the SIRS are seen to be less than 1.0, though most of the upper 95% CIS are greater than one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In women, more cases were reported overall, though not in Canada; some of the rates in Greenland in women were higher than in men."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Indeed, except for in 1974-1978, when only two cases were reported, the SIR for Greenland women approximated to 1.0 in comparison with Denmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The etiology of tumours of the brain and central nervous systems is largely unknown, except for some occupational exposures which can be expected to be rare in the Inuit."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Although the ASRs fluctuate wildly with time (Figs 1, 2), there is a suggestion of an increase of incidence with time, perhaps particularly in women, as has been seen in some registries elsewhere [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Increasing trends for brain tumours in many countries appear in part to be related to improvement in diagnosis, with separation of brain tumours from haemorrhagic strokes [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0012__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "This separation may be more advanced in Greenland than in Canadian Inuit, and perhaps also so in Alaska."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thyroid (ICD-9 193) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Western populations, thyroid cancer is much commoner in women than in men [7], and this differential appears also in the Inuit (Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the number of cases was small (with 27 thyroid cancers reported in women and 7 in men in the whole Circumpolar region over the 20-year period of the study), the ASRs for Alaskan and Greenlandic Inuit were similar to those in many other countries, except those for Iceland, which are surprisingly high, while ASRs for Canadian Inuit were low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In women, most of the cases were reported from Alaska and Greenland, only two from Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the 20 years studied, the SIRS approximated to 1.0, with no evidence of a trend."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There were no thyroid cancers reported in 1969-1973 and in 1984-1988 in men, and only 7 in the three Inuit populations overall."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Of these, only one was reported from Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Nevertheless, in spite of the small numbers, the SIRS for men in 1974-1978 in Alaska and Greenland and in 1979-1983 in all three areas approximated to 1.0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The only major cause of thyroid cancer so far identified that could affect the Inuit is exposure to ionizing radiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "There is some reason to be concerned that the exposure of Inuit to radioactive fall-out may be greater than in some other areas of the world, both from atmosphere testing of nuclear bombs in the 1950s and 1960s and perhaps especially from Chernobyl."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0013__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, the latter exposure occurred too recently to have any effect on the reported rates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bone (ICD-9 170) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a rare cancer in the Inuit with only 6 cases reported overall in women and 9 in men (Table 5), and most, as would be expected, in young people (Table 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is also a rare tumour in the world [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the SIRs are greater than 1.0 in Alaska, though less than 1.0 in Greenland and Canada. Discussion. there are no particular etiologic factors known for these tumours which seem likely to affect Inuit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Connective tissue (ICD-9 171) Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Again this is a rare cancer, with 10 cases in women and 7 in men overall (Table 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the cancer is also rare in other parts of the world [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, although the SIRs are usually less than 1.0, the 95% CIS do not exclude the possibility of no difference with the comparison populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Connective tissue cancers are part of the grouping 'soft tissue sarcomas', suspected in some studies as being increased by exposure to herbicides and pesticides [12], known to accumulate both in the environment and eventually in some of the traditional sources of the Inuit diet."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is reassuring that no obvious increase occurred in the incidence of cancers of this site, though in view of their small numbers the confidence to be placed in this observation is probably low."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eye (ICD-9 190) Result."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only three cases of eye cancer were reported in men and none in women, including two from Alaska and one from Greenland (Table 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The two from Alaska were both in the age group 0-4 years, presumably indicating retinoblastomas in infants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The case from Greenland is a malignant melanoma in an Inuit man aged 35-39 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Discussion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There are no known etiologic factors for such cancers that would seem to be particularly relevant to the Inuit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unspecified and secondary tumours There were 128 such cancers in women and 122 in men for the whole Circumpolar region, accounting for 7.5 and 7.9% respectively of a total number of cancers, 1712 in women and 1538 in men (Table 9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each Inuit population, the SIRS were significantly greater than 1.0, except for men in Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is no particular indication that the rates of these unspecified tumours decrease with time in either sex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Only 62% were histologically verified (Table 10)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The presence of such large numbers of cancers in these categories suggests that some caution is necessary when attempting to interpret apparently reduced rates in Inuit in sites with small numbers of cancers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Only for sites, such as breast, where it seems unlikely that a major failure to make a diagnosis would occur, is it appropriate to consider the reduced incidence in the Inuit as being confirmed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is important that in the future every effort be made to reduce unspecified sites and primary unknown cancers to a more reasonable level, recognizing the difficulties of obtaining accurate cancer registration from remote and isolated populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other specified sites There were 43 cases of cancers in other specified sites in women and 26 in men overall (Table 11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The sites included in this category are: peritoneum and retroperitoneum, ill defined sites of digestive organs, pleura, mediastinum and ill defined sites of thorax, uterus NOS, unspecified female genital organs, urethra and unspecified sites of urinary system, endocrine glands, ill defined sites and tumours of unspecified nature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For women the SIRS in comparison with the Canada and Denmark cancer registries approximate to 1.0, except for the Canadian Inuit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For men the SIRS approximated to 1.0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, further exploration of these findings are not possible considering them as a group."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Nevertheless, there is not the same concern about these cancers as compared with the unspecified and secondary cancer group, as they cannot impact on the interpretation of the findings on other specified sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2404", "paragraph_id": "triad_2404__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Detailed tabular material by 5-year calendar periods 1969-1988 is available upon request."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2404__response__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Please contact the Danish Cancer Registry, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2404/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1985338552_W3085072041_W2104894172", "triad_name": "triad_2404", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2404__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A total of 242 citations were identified by the literature search, and 7 articles were deemed potentially eligible (Figure E2, online)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of these, 3 placebo-controlled ran- domized trials included venous thromboembolic events as a primary outcome and were analyzed according to cancer subgroups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "6-8 The baseline characteristics of the included studies are depicted in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "None of the studies reported a definition for cancer status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These 3 major trials included 307 cancer patients out of 5134 total study subjects (6%) and compared thromboprophylaxis (enoxaparin 40 mg, dalteparin 5000 IU, or fondaparinux 2.5 mg daily) with placebo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "11-13 The pooled relative risk of venous thromboembolic events was 0.91 (95% confi- dence interval, 0.21-4.0; I 2 : 68%) among hospitalized patients with cancer who were receiving thromboprophy- laxis compared with placebo (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "None of the trials reported the rates of major bleeding episodes according to the cancer status."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An additional 4 placebo-controlled randomized trials reported symptomatic venous thrombo- embolic events as a secondary end point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "14-17 However, none of the trials reported the rates of symptomatic venous thromboembolic events or major bleeding episodes ac- cording to cancer status, and cancer-specific venous thromboembolic events rates for analysis were not made available by the primary authors or primary funding sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study quality of the included randomized controlled trials was adequate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All randomized controlled trials reported adequate sequence generation, allocation conceal- ment, blinding, and outcome reporting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only 1 of the trials 7,18 had a study protocol available, but all expected outcomes were reported for all other studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We acknowledge that the limited amount of data included in the pooled analysis is problematic; however, these same data guide the formulation of clinical practice guideline recommendations and Medicare-type pay-for-performance incentives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hospitalized patients with cancer constitute a unique population with increased risks for both venous thromboembolic events and major bleeding."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our analysis highlights the fact that the risk-benefit ratio of current doses of thromboprophylaxis administered to all patients with cancer who are admitted for medical illness is unclear, and additional randomized trials are necessary to establish which cancer cohorts benefit from the routine administration of low molecular weight heparin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A systematic literature search strat- egy was conducted using MED LINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, and all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews to identify all random- ized controlled trials comparing a low molecular weight heparin with placebo in hospitalized medically ill patients (Figure E1, online)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "References of included studies and narrative reviews were reviewed for additional potential studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The protocol and systematic search strategy of the review are documented online (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews [PROSPERO] registry - CRD42012002845)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The search was restricted to humans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There were no restrictions on language or publication year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With the use of a structured question format to aid the literature search strategy, all abstracts were reviewed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Potentially relevant articles were reviewed in full length to ensure that they satisfied 3 criteria: (1) prospective enroll- ment of consecutive hospitalized medically ill patients; (2) patients were randomized to parenteral pharmacological thromboprophylaxis or placebo; (3) one or more of the primary or secondary outcomes were reported according to the cancer status."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary end point was venous thromboembolic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Venous thromboembolic events were defined as a composite outcome of: deep vein thrombosis by protocol scheduled screening studies; symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (distal or proximal) or pulmonary embolism; fatal pulmonary embolism; or sudden death without another plausible cause."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Secondary end points included major bleeding episodes and symptomatic venous thromboembolic events (lower limb deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two reviewers (MC and PM) independently assessed the eligibility of articles identified in the initial search strategy for inclusion in the review; discussed those deemed potentially eligible; independently extracted data (baseline characteristics, definition of outcomes, numbers of events) using a standardized data abstraction form; and assessed studies' methodological quality using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool from the Cochrane Handbook for ran- domized trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9 Corresponding authors of articles were contacted if the primary or secondary out- comes could not be extracted from the original article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Relative risk using a random effect model was used as the pri- mary measurement with 95% con- fidence intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The I 2 statistic was used to estimate total variation among the pooled estimates across studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An I 2 greater than 50% was considered as high level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "10 Analyses were performed using StatsDirect software version 2.7.3 (StatsDirect Ltd, Cheshire, UK)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No benefit was found for the use of primary thromboprophylaxis with anti- coagulants to prevent venous thrombo- embolism in all patients with cancer who were hospitalized for medical illnesses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The safety of primary thromboprophy- laxis in hospitalized medically ill pa- tients with cancer is unknown because the rates of major bleeding episodes have never been reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is the first systematic review and pooled analysis assessing the efficacy of parenteral thromboprophylaxis among patients with cancer who were hospitalized for medical reasons."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our analysis, only 3 randomized trials were used, and we observed no benefit for the use of low molecular weight heparin or fondaparinux to prevent venous thromboembolic events in hospitalized patients with cancer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The apparent lack of efficacy of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer might be explained by a number of reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, heterogeneity between studies was apparent (I 2 : 68%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is possible that fondaparinux is less efficacious compared with dalteparin or enoxaparin in can- cer cohorts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, in patients undergoing cancer-related major abdominal surgery, fondaparinux was as effective as dalteparin in the prevention of postoperative venous thromboembolic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "19 Likewise, fondaparinux seems to be as effective and safe as low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin for the treatment of patients with cancer with acute venous thromboembolic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "20"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the recommended thromboprophylactic doses might not be optimal for hospitalized patients with cancer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Previously published studies assessing higher doses of low molecular weight heparin as primary thromboprophylaxis agents in ambulatory patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy reported higher relative risk reduction of venous throm- boembolic events 21,22 compared with studies using standard dosing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "23,24"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, none of the included studies random- ized patients according to their cancer status or stratified patients according to their underlying risk of venous thromboembolic events, which was shown to be influenced by biomarkers, tumor type, and body mass index for The American Journal of Medicine, Vol 127, No 1, January 2014 chemotherapy-associated venous thromboembolic events in outpatients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "25"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, a relatively small number of patients were included in the 3 studies (N ¼ 374), reflecting inade- quate power to detect a small relative benefit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The popula- tion of patients with cancer enrolled in clinical trials assessing mortality as the primary end point could not be included in this analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the low rates of symp- tomatic venous thromboembolic events reported in these trials and the concern regarding the lack of accuracy as a secondary end point 26 are unlikely to significantly change our conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The risk of bleeding for hospitalized patients with cancer receiving thromboprophylaxis remains unknown because none of the included trials reported rates of major bleeding episodes among patients with cancer nor were we provided access to these data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, it is currently impossible to accurately assess the riskebenefit ratio of thromboprophy- laxis in patients with cancer who were hospitalized for medical reasons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "New oral direct Xa inhibitor anticoagulants (rivaroxaban and apixaban) have been evaluated as thromboprophylactic agents in hospitalized medically ill patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "27,28 A recent trial assessing the efficacy of rivaroxaban 10 mg daily for 35 days has showed that rivaroxaban was noninferior to enoxaparin at 10 days and superior to enoxaparin and pla- cebo at 35 days. 28 However, rivaroxaban was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding at both 10 and 35 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A subgroup analysis including 592 patients with active cancers yield similar conclusions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, the risk- benefit ratio of thromboprophylaxis with oral anti-Xa in hospitalized patients with cancer remains uncertain, and future trials are needed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_282__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_282__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the literature review by Carrier et al [1] indicating the lack of evidence to support thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients with cancer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, this paper will change little if any of our clinical practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors acknowledge that only 3 placebo-controlled studies, including 307 cancer patients, were analyzed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, the site and the stage of the cancers were not indicated, whereas patients with cancer are at high risk for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, a common cause of death, depending on both tumor site and disease stage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of note, several current guidelines strongly recommend routine thrombophylaxis [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Indeed, pathogenesis of thromboembolic complications involves venous stasis due to immobilization and venous compression, endothelial damage related to chemotherapy and venous catheters, and blood hypercoagulability such as thrombocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in cancer patients are well known, including patient-related factors (age >65 years, comorbid conditions, prior history of venous thromboembolism, heritable thrombophilia), cancer-related factors (pancreatic, gastrointestinal, lung primary site; initial 3-6 months after diagnosis; current metastatic disease), and treatment-related factors (such as current hospitalization, active chemotherapy, active hormonal therapy, and thalidomide or lenalidomide therapy) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Thromboprophylaxis is recommended, at least in these patients with acute illness at high risk for thromboembolic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0019__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Conversely, thromboprophylactic treatment is clearly underutilized in nonsurgical cancer patients with acute medical illness (<40% of patients) [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_282__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, we will continue to prescribe thromboprophylactic treatment in our hospitalized medical patients with cancer at high risk when there are no contraindications to such therapy, and we encourage our colleagues to improve compliance to current guidelines."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_282__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__response__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Bachmeyer and Budman [1] for their comments on the evidence regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with cancer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As discussed in our article, we do not recommend avoiding the use of thromboprophylaxis among patients with cancer who are hospitalized with medical illness [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We aimed to highlight that the strong recommendations from clinical practice guidelines supporting the use of thromboprophylaxis in this population are based on limited evidence and largely derived from data on patients without cancer [3], [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_282__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__response__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, a number of uncertainties regarding the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis among hospitalized medically ill patients with cancer are worth reemphasizing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The current recommended thromboprophylactic doses may not be optimal for hospitalized patients with cancer, especially considering that higher doses of parenteral thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory patients with cancer have been shown to be efficacious [5], [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It remains unclear whether all patients with cancer who are hospitalized with medical illness require pharmacologic parenteral thromboprophylaxis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Risk-adjusted models, such as the Padua scoring system, include additional risk factors (e.g., elderly age ≥70 years, previous venous thromboembolism, reduced mobility for at least 3 days) for patients with cancer to be considered high risk for venous thromboembolism during their hospitalization [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_282__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "282", "paragraph_id": "triad_282__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, patients with cancer who are receiving anticoagulant therapy are at increased risk of bleeding compared with patients without cancer [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rates of major bleeding episodes among hospitalized medically ill patients with cancer receiving parenteral thromboprophylaxis have never been reported and represent an important knowledge gap."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, it is currently impossible to accurately assess the risk-benefit ratio of thromboprophylaxis in patients with cancer who are hospitalized for medical reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_282__response__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additional prospective and randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of routine administration of parenteral thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medically ill patients with cancer are desperately needed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_282/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1990670070_W2076132164_W4237306451", "triad_name": "triad_282", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_282__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the nineties, curriculum making has been characterized by global pervasiveness and great diversity across state school systems (Rosenmund, 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As part of the global alignment in curricu- lum making, Norway, as other European states, has moved from being primarily based on inputs and Didaktik, to being more concerned with outputs and teacher efficiency (Mølstad, 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This relates to Hopmann's (2003) observations of a shift from process-control to product-control in state curriculum making, and the associated description of the way western states deal with welfare problems shifting from 'management by placements' towards 'management by expectations' (Hopmann, 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The latter strategy entails a tendency to solve ill-defined problems with more clearly defined expectations, such as benchmarks, goals and standards, made visible by the massive impact of internationalized accountability policies (Hopmann, 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is now a substantial amount of research that discusses the global convergence of account- ability-policies and out-put and competency-based models for curriculum control, although varia- tion exists in terms of explaining why such global ideas spread and what happens to them in the encounter with national and local curriculum contexts (Anderson-Levitt, 2008; Hilt et al., 2019; © 2021 The Author(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nordin & Sundberg, 2018; Winter, 2012) Although the spatialized processes of curriculum making in a global, complex world seems to be a rather well-covered research theme, however, the temporal aspects of curriculum making is, except for a few recent studies (Bachmann et al., 2021; Hansen & Puustinen, 2021; Hansen et al., 2021; Lee, 2021), a rather unexplored field of curriculum research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is pertinent to assume that the shift towards product-and output-control has consequences for the construction of time in curriculum making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following a line of thought from Niklas Luhmann's systems theory, curriculum-makers now deal with risks by constructing cognitive expectations on the basis of prospective, future conditions (Luhmann, 2000, p. 266; Sivesind et al., 2016), rather than referring to past decisions, heritage or tradition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, one can assume that in a regime of 'manage- ment by expectations', the future, rather than the past, becomes the reference point for curriculum- changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, efforts at turning to the past by restoring tradition and a lost moral heritage in curriculum making can also be observed (e.g. Ball, 1993; Neumann et al., 2020), reflecting what Zygmunt Baumann (2017) calls the 'retrotopia' of an ideal past."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The contribution of this paper lies in understanding the complex evolution of global educational reforms as a temporal process in which policymakers try to come to terms with an uncertain future by reconciling the educational present with conceptions of the future and the past (See also Mangez & Vanden Broeck 2020)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To do so, we will analyse curriculum changes in Norway through concepts from the late Luhmann's (1998, 2013, 2011) 'theory of difference', to give meaning to the different communicative strategies used by Norwegian policy makers, in their efforts at dealing with complex- ity and an uncertain future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The empirical case for investigation is a diverse range of material, documenting curriculum changes in Norway in the time span of 1988-2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, processes related to the newest reform in Norway, Renewal of the Knowledge Promotion Reform (LK20), implemented in 2020, will be at the forefront of the analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This temporal analytical approach will add complexity and richness to our understanding of new curriculum reforms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The paper illuminates how policymakers, in their attempts at reconciling present pasts and present futures in curriculum making processes, are faced with paradoxes and indetermi- nacies that needs to be solved communicatively."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The paper suggests that in the period of 1988- 2020, Norwegian policy makers use increasingly complex de-paradoxification strategies to solve curricular indeterminacies, finally resulting in hybridization of 'old-' and 'new curriculum' in the newest reform LK20."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When searching for literature in Journal of Curriculum Studies (JCS), we found that systems theory has been inspirational for many researchers in the field of curriculum studies, although these influences have spurred ideas and debates on different theoretical and empirical levels."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accordingly, we will present a short review systematizing these JCS studies in a three-fold matrix a) the use of systems theory in 'constructivist learning theories' b) the use of systems theory in building pedagogical or didactical 'reflection theories', as well as c) the analytical and heuristic use of systems theory in sociological studies of curriculum changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This matrix will be used to position our own study in this rather diverse field of systems theory and curriculum studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Firstly, a well-known, and perhaps also controversial, use of systems theory in curriculum studies, is the so-called constructivist theories of learning (e.g. Rasmussen, 2001) in which Luhmann's concepts and distinctions are used to theorize the relationship between psychic and social systems of meaning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to Terhart (2003), Luhmann-inspired constructivist theories of learning is a central theoretical component of the heterogenous conception of 'constructivist didactics', emphasizing principles for teaching and learning, such as pupils' own construction of knowledge, self-monitoring, and autonomy, as well as learning in real-time situations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Speaking in general terms, these ways of engaging with Luhmann's theory use his rather abstract vocabulary to re-describe pedagogical phenomena in new and proposedly more fruitful ways."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Secondly, Luhmann's theory has been used to sketch out a reflection-theory of education and curriculum-making, to encounter the 'crisis of didactics' and the problems of connecting theory to practice in education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A pertinent example is a recent study by Vollmer (2021), who builds a theory of General Subject Didactics (GSD), inspired by Luhmann's philosophy of science and his notion of observations of different orders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Vollmer's theory of GSD consists of three observational layers (first, second, and third-order observations), used to conceptualize the process of didactic theory- building: from teachers' and pupils' observations in context of subject specific teaching and learning, via observing and researching these observations systematically in the context of subject didactics (SD), to finally comparing and generalizing experiences and observations at the level of General Subject Didactics (GSD)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Vollmer (2021) thus applies systems theory to build a fruitful reflection- theory, enabling teachers to build powerful educational knowledge that combine personal experi- ences with both empirical evidence and abstract thinking."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thirdly, Luhmann's theory has inspired researchers interested in studying curriculum changes through the lens of systems theory as a sociological theory of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These studies tend to use Luhmann's theory heuristically and on a second-order level of observations, studying curriculum changes as representations of the educational systems relationship with its societal environment, consisting of politics, economy, family etc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The works of Hopmann (2003, 2008) on school govern- ance and the evaluation of curriculum reforms may be seen as being inspired by systems theory, in his emphasis on the role of institutions and systems as means for problem-solving in a modern society."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other studies from JSC that apply perspectives and concepts from systems theory are studies of the governing of the teaching profession (Lee, 2021; Wermke & Höstfält, 2014), teaching- communication in the age of accountability (Aasebø et al., 2017), the relationship between schools and parents (Gellert, 2005), as well as the relationship between education and the economy (Bank, 2012)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important work in the use of systems theory in comparative research of curriculum making, is Rosenmund's (2016) analytical framework for comparison of school reforms between different countries, showing how systems theory is suitable for studying non-linear processes of curriculum change within the framework of an all-encompassing systems theory of society."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, two very recent studies in JCS observe, equal to our study, aspects of temporal constructions in curriculum making from a systems theory perspective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hansen and Puustinen (2021) studies of how society is presented in Finnish social studies textbooks, contributes to studying curricular representations of temporal forms of knowledge in a functionally differen- tiated society, while Bachmann et al. ( 2021) analyses teachers work plans in Norwegian schools through the lens of Luhmann's (2000) distinction between conditional and purposive programmes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper is positioned in the third category of Luhmann-inspired studies of curriculum change, that is observations of curriculum changes by utilizing the elementary form of social systems (system/environment) heuristically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such a sociological and abductive application of Luhmann's theory does not necessarily entail a subscription to for instance, constructivist learning theories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The paper is rather inspired by Luhmann's (1995) own encouragement to redescribe society by the means of his theoretical instruments at the level of second order observations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, as the use of systems theory in curriculum studies is manifold, we will build our presentation of the analytical framework in the next sections mainly on Luhmann's own works."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the following sections, we will give an introduction to systems theory as analytical framework for analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From the late 1980s and onwards, Luhmann's writings are much inspired by the logician George Spencer-Brown's (1969) seminal work Laws of forms, marking a difference-theoretical turn of systems theory (Borch, 2011)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This paper will present concepts related to this late phase of Luhmann's oeuvre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Spencer-Brown's theory of distinctions allows Luhmann to refine his theory of social systems as autopoietic (self-producing) systems of communication, by engaging with con- cepts such as observation, distinction, form, re-entry, paradox, and de-paradoxification."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These concepts highlight the temporal primacy of systems theory, which offers a unique contribution to understanding curriculum change as efforts at dealing with temporality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A basic claim of system theory is that education is one of many global, 'autopoietic', functional systems (politics, economy, science, art, etc.) in the world society, serving as an ever-emerging communicative and semantic complex-reproducing its own particular forms of meaning (Hilt, 2016a; Luhmann, 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This has consequences for how we think about educational and curricular change, and thus for the analytical approach selected for this paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Firstly, and in agreement with Rosenmund (2016), we suggest that systems theory is suitable for studying non-linear processes of curriculum change within the framework of an all-encompassing systems theory of society."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Secondly, however, as a global, functional system, education is not restricted by spatial or regional boundaries (Luhmann, 2013), thus calling attention instead to the temporal characteristics of curriculum change."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thirdly, global functional systems, such as education, serve as (ever-emerging) reservoirs of meaning that are available for communicative selections, conceptualized as semantics (Hilt, 2016a; Luhmann, 1995)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This makes systems theory a well-suited approach for studying curriculum changes as semantical changes, that is as emerging forms of meaning."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section, we will start with presenting concepts that are of relevance for studying curriculum change from a systems theoretical perspective, namely meaning, distinctions and forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to Luhmann, meaning is the fundamental concept of sociology (Habermas & Luhmann, 1971), defining it as a distinction between actuality and possibility: 'everything actual has meaning only within a horizon of possibilities indicated along with it' (1995, p. 65)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This implies that meaning, in a systems theoretical perspective, is a processing of information according to distinctions (Luhmann, 1995) Something is indicated, while all else constitutes a horizon of further possibilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This conceptualiza- tion of meaning allows Luhmann to incorporate Spencer-Brown's (1969) Logic of forms into his theory, and the injunction 'Draw a distinction'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Without a distinction, nothing will happen; no meaning-making process will emerge."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 14, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The theory of distinctions, further developed in Luhmann's later works, thus entails that one always observes by drawing a line between this and something else. ( Luhmann & Behnke, 1994)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A distinction, for example, education/environment, is selected, and one of the two sides is indicated as a marked space, for example, 'education'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even though it is the indication that is made explicit, an observation is always a distinction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The other side, in this case 'environment', is always present, but the distinction is hidden; it constitutes an 'unmarked space'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All observations are based on a distinction and an indication, which together are conceptualized as a form of meaning (Luhmann & Behnke, 1994)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Form and distinction can be illustrated like in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Luhmann (1995) states that a social system is not a given entity but emerges as a difference between a system (self-reference) and its environment (other-reference)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A system thus develops through the kind of boundary-making implied in Spencer-Brown's theory of difference, creating itself as a chain of distinctions (Luhmann, 2006a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The distinction between education and its societal environment is, for instance, being constituted when the same type of operations, communication with the intention to educate, are selectively connected (Luhmann, 2006b), thus setting the boundary between educational operations and everything else."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It is thus the recursive meaning-making and self-production of distinctions that constitutes the autopoietic functioning of social systems- communication that connects to further communication (Luhmann, 2006a, p. 46)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Engaging with systems theory in analyses of curriculum changes, implies being committed to 'second order observations' of the educational system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In a so-called first-order observation, the observer only sees the marked side of the distinction, unaware of the contingency and blind spot of the observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "A second-order observation is more advanced, however, and occurs when the same or different observer observes the distinctions used in the first observation, illuminating the double- sidedness and contingency of forms (Luhmann & Behnke, 1994)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0015__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "In this paper we will thus 'observe observations', uncovering the educational forms and distinctions that emerge in Norwegian curri- culum in the timespan 1988-2000."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Luhmann (1998, p. 67) states 'As never before, the continuity from past to future is broken in our time'., thus turning attention to the problem of temporality in social systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In modern society, each of the functional sub-systems establishes a highly selective set of system/environment relations (Luhmann, 1995), leaving each perspective with the burden and privilege of constituting its own world (Corsi, 2020)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Due to this global, differentiated nature of worldwide communication, contin- gency is a defining feature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The complexity of society increases at an accelerated pace, rendering the future fundamentally uncertain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Systems must deal with this complexity, and the excess of opportunities related to meaningful communication, either by self-organization on the operative (structural) level and/or by selection at the semantic level (Luhmann & Schorr, 2000, p. 58)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the structural level, distinctions are opera- tively accomplished by self-organization, the 'simple continuation of their own operations' (Luhmann, 1998, p. 10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Social systems are thus characterized by a fundamental instability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Elements have the character of events-they vanish immediately after their appearance and are continually replaced by other elements (Luhmann, 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, social systems are not spatialized, but radically temporalized systems."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Still, although the production of meaning emerges as unstable and changeable events in the world, some forms of meaning are preserved by social systems and constitute a semantic reservoir for communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the semantical level, one can thus observe preserved structures of meaning, in other words: 'a supply of possible themes that are available for quick and readily understandable reception in concrete communicative processes' (Luhmann, 1995, p. 163)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, while meaning is seen as specific operations, semantics are condensed, durable and generalized forms of meaning (Hilt, 2016b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Semantics are produced as the system observe, reflect, and describe its own identity-as distinct from its environment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If the system can distinguish between itself and the outside, so that it does not Figure 1. become enmeshed with its environment, operations can be observed, accounted for, and controlled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Self-observations thus allow for reflexivity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The system can observe either its system side (self- reference), its environment side (other-reference), or the unity of the system/environment distinction (identity, rationality) (Luhmann, 1998)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the educational system, observations set a difference between the pedagogical intention to educate (self-reference) and the educational outcome (other-reference)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Curriculum, as programmed education, ensures the wholeness or unity of this distinction (identity, rationality), limits the space of opportunities related to meaningful education, and conditions further educational communication (Luhmann, 2006b; Luhmann & Schorr, 2000)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Luhmann's (2006b) theory, curriculum is thus conceptualized as selected meaning (semantics) or 'decision-making programmes', in which the system observes and describes itself and its environment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Systems observe and describe themselves through semantics in a factual (what), social (who), and most importantly for our analyses, a temporal dimension (when) (Luhmann, 1995)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Time, in a systems theoretical perspective, is thus the interpretation of reality in light of the difference between (present) past and (present) future (Luhmann, 1995, p. 78)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This implies that the educa- tional system creates its own time horizon, that is, its own past and future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By observing itself through the form of time, the system can make selections on the basis of prospective, future conditions, either by trying to attain certain situations or to avoid them (Luhmann 1990, p. 4; Hilt, 2016b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on self- and external observations the educational system produces reflection theories (Luhmann & Schorr, 2000) and more durable forms of meaning (semantics) in the form of 'pro- grammed education' such as curriculum and reforms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, as decision-making programmes these are constituted by a unity of the observed distinction: the difference between the education system and its environment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, they are inherently paradoxical."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Decision-making programmes depend on the educational system observing its own environment to structurally couple and adjust to it, but as systems are operationally closed, the educational system does not have access to a real world-only a world that is constructed by the system itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The question is then: How can the educational system create forms of meaning relevant to its outside world, aka curriculum, when it does not have access to this world per se?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore: How can the educational system make decisions about the intentions to educate and the content of curriculum when the future is fundamentally open and insecure?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The educational system is thus faced with paradoxes and indeterminacies that must be solved by inner-systemic means (See also Mangez & Vanden Broeck, 2020)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Luhmann, systems may use different communicative strategies to postpone, hide, or solve their own paradoxical state, and we will now present four different strategies that are used abductively in our analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, as every observation is a distinction between two sides, constitut- ing a form of meaning, the paradox may result in a standstill."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the case of crossing, the system merely crosses back and forth between the indicated side and the outside (Luhmann & Behnke, 1994)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is thus not unfolding the paradox, but merely oscillating between its two sides, for instance, between education and non-education (e.g. politics, global forms of meaning)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Oscillation entails that the system is unable to select and continue its operations in one or another direction; no new meaning is created."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the case of asymmetrisation, however, the system observes both sides of a distinction (the indicated side and outside), but the indicated side is lopsided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The form is asymmetrical, as the indication serves as a preferred side, while the outside serves as the disregarded selections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While this enables the system to move on, it does not really solve the paradox; it merely postpones it."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The strategy of externalization implies that the system selectively connects to its environment to provide additional meaning and continue its own communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Curriculum-makers may, for instance, selectively connect to values or value-laden ideology, history, and traditions, or external 'world situations' such as internationality/globality, in order to solve curricular paradoxes and problems (Luhmann & Schorr, 2000; Schriewer, 1989)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Externalization thus operates like floodgates, in which a system opens or closes to its environment according to internal criteria (Luhmann & Schorr, 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most abstract way of dealing with paradoxes is to dissolve the paradox by internalization (re- entry)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The distinction system/environment now occurs twice in the system, as the initial operative distinction, and as a self-observing 'representation' of the first distinction (Luhmann & Behnke, 1994)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This duplication of the system/environment distinction both changes and maintains the paradox between the positive and negative value by reformulating the paradox as a distinction within the distinction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Teubner's words: 'the frame reappears in the picture, the boundary becomes part of the territory' (Teubner et al. 1997, p. 156)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This highly abstract systemic function of re-entry may thus result in systemic duplications and systemic growth."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on the presented theoretical framework we conducted document analyses (Lyngaard, 2010) of policy and curriculum documents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Key policy and curriculum-documents constituting the new Norwegian reform, Renewal of the Knowledge Promotion Reform (LK20) are our prime focus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, to show development in meaning over time, material from the two previous reforms, Reform 1997 and the Knowledge Promotion Reform 2006, as well as research on these curriculum developments, are included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The reading of policy and curriculum documents was structured in four phases, described as followed:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read a vast amount of Norwegian policy and curriculum documents, as well as research on policy and curriculum changes, covering the timespan 1988-2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some documents were selected for further analyses, some as 'forefront-documents' documenting changes in the latest reform, LK20, others as 'background-documents' illuminating semantical changes up until this reform."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2nd phase: A reading of curriculum changes in Norway from 1988 to 2014-up until the preparations of LK20."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This period of curriculum change in Norway is already well-documented in policy- and curriculum research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To reconstruct the most significant semantical changes of the period until the last reform, we did extensive reading of central policy- and curriculum documents, in combination with findings of existing research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3rd phase: Analysis of curriculum changes in Norway in the timespan 2014-2020-from the initiation of the latest reform LK20 to its implementation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a recent phase in Norwegian curriculum making, less documented by research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We thus performed a document analysis, including Norwegian white papers, official Norwegian reports, as well as documents from transnational policy networks that have been inspirational for the reform (See appendix 1 for overview of documents)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reconstructed semantics from the previous analytical phases were analysed as a whole, applying systems theory as analytical framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The analysis of forms as binary schemes, the temporal distinction between past and future, as well as the different deparadoxification- strategies presented in the theoretical section, were used abductively to give meaning to curriculum changes in Norway in the timespan 1988-2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section, we will explore how changing observations of the past and the future have served as legitimizing points of reference for emerging reforms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Norwegian school system has been characterized by social democratic values and a strong emphasis on equity, participation, and democracy (Arnesen & Lundahl, 2006; Møller & Skedsmo, 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on the European tradition of Didaktik, the essential aim of education has been Bildung, understood in terms of growth and autonomy through individual engagement with the subject matter (Willbergh, 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, curricula have traditionally been based on knowledge, teaching, and content (Sivesind & Karseth, 2019), combined with a strong sense of national integration and reconstructions of Norwegian cultural heritage (Hilt, 2020)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the 1980s, a gradual shift in educational semantics has been observed by researchers, in which the educational system at a global scale became increasingly oriented towards its economic and political environment (Wiborg, 2013; Hansen 2011; Telhaug et al., 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Market-oriented ideas, originally developed in the US and Great Britain, were picked up by the most influential supra- national actors in education, such as the EU, OECD, and the World Bank (Dale, 2005)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From the perspective of systems theory, this can be conceptualized as externalizing efforts, in which the system selectively connects to its environment to solve inner-systemic problems and provide additional meaning to continue its own communication."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Norway, an early trace of such externalizing efforts is to be found in an Official Norwegian Report from 1988 (Ministry of Education, 1988), describing adjustments to a society where the economy is increasingly dependent on the production of human capital."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Concomitantly, the concept of competence was introduced in Norwegian education policy, and the concept has since, gradually substituted and/or complemented the concept of 'knowledge' (Tolo, 2017)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a systems theory perspective, policy and curriculum makers' externalizing efforts resulted in semantical changes, in which new forms of meaning emerged, and existing forms of meaning changed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Expressed in the language of the theory of distinctions, the form of competence is emerging, constituted by the distinction between competence (indication) and knowledge (outside)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These changes followed a period (1970s and 80s) where Norwegian schools and teachers had enjoyed considerable autonomy due to reforms emphasizing de-centralization, school-based development and community-based curricula (Aasen, 2003; Lauvdal, 1993)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the economic crisis hits Norway along with the rest of the world, growing critique of the welfare state led to a general push towards market-oriented policies (Telhaug et al., 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In education, a growing concern regarding the quality of schools and teachers and the ability of education to serve the economy, spurred debates about the governing of education (Aasen, 2003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A set of internal reports and a report from the OECD (1989) questioning the decentralized system and lack of central control, underpin a White Paper issued in 1991 (Ministry of Church and Education, 1993) introducing the principle of management by objectives."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Described as a period of neo-liberal and neo conservative turn in educational governance (Telhaug et al., 2006), implementation of these principles, how- ever, is claimed to take yet another decade (Aasen, 2003; Imsen et al., 2017; Imsen & Volckmar, 2014)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, reforms addressing structure as well as substance of education were issued."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 1997 a reform reinstalling central governing of education through a national curriculum evolving around the normative ideal of the unified school, presents very detailed expectations of content and teaching methods (See Ministry of Church and Education, 1996)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This reform has been described as a turn towards instrumentalist and elitist values (Hovdenak, 2004), and it was followed by a revision of the Education Act in 1998, changing the definition of education from a common good to an individual right (Imsen et al., 2017)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the 97-reform is also described as a revitalization of a 'nation building project' where educational content is founded on construction of what should be considered national heritage (Haug, 2003; Hilt 2020; Trippestad, 1999)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, in this period, new forms of meaning (competence, life-long learning) and traditional ones (heritage, content, knowledge, Bildung) co-existed in the Norwegian curriculum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Aasen (2003) interprets the policy of the 90s as a defence of the Scandinavian social-democratic model in the context of a cultural crisis resulting from postmodernist, relativist, influence on educational discourse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Economic growth is promoted by combining concerns for the national economy with concerns for the distribution of wealth and securing the social democracy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to Aasen (2003) social-democratic ideas are now rearticulated as a need to improve the educational level of the population, thus combining human capital and management by objectives with a revitalization of social democratic progressivism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the perspective of systems theory, we can interpret these developments as efforts at dealing with the paradox and indeterminacy of selecting forms of meaning and educational content on the basis of observation of an uncertain future."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In response to the critique from OECD as well as internal actors, Norwegian policymakers combine two seemingly opposing strategies to continue the sys- tems communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The system temporally observes 'itself' (the system-side), resorting to past events and expectations (Bildung, national heritage, knowledge, and teaching), while also observing its environment, externalizing to an anticipated future, to 'world situations' and economic and political 'irritations'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accordingly, the evolution of educational structures in Norway was not a straightforward or linear process of replacing Bildung, national heritage, and 'input-based education' with competency-based education and 'management by objectives'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The deparadoxification-strategy set in motion in the 90s, is rather one of crossing or occilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on our reading, Norwegian curriculum-makers resorted to temporal observations of the present past (past events, heritage, 'tradition'), and present future (future societal needs, competency, output-orientation), and crossed back and forth between these two forms of observations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on this reading, one may ask if this strategy of oscillation made it difficult to re-specify the universal intention to educate in a concrete and coherent curriculum programme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather than solving the systemic paradox, the system merely pendulates between observations of past and future, thus hiding the indeterminacy of the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This interpretation is supported by for instance, Jarning (2010), suggesting that Norway slowly adjusted to output-based education, while at the same time continuing a Norwegian tradition of input-based management of education through pre- set regulations such as selection of curricular content and structural conditions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Observed through the perspective of systems theory, the state of Norwegian curriculum making can be interpreted as being at a standstill: by crossing back and forth between observations of past and future, the system is unable to select and continue its operations in one or the other direction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the PISA tests published in 2001, the performance of Norwegian pupils was shown to be mediocre compared to those from other OECD countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This so-called 'PISA shock' spurred new debates in Norway on educational quality and how to ensure educational outcomes relevant to future society (Hopfenbeck et al., 2013)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Observed through the lens of systems theory, one can interpret this as a rupture in the semantic evolution of Norwegian curriculum making, opening up a floodgate of externalizing efforts to the semantics of transnational organizations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Governmental documents from this period (e.g.: Ministry of Education, 2003) show a strong inclination towards competency-based education, moving away from more 'traditional' educational forms, such as content decisions based on selections of what is considered a common national heritage."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These semantic developments culminated in the publication of a new Norwegian reform in 2006, the Knowledge Promotion Reform (K06), considered the first outcome-based curriculum in Norwegian history."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather than referring to past decisions, 'tradition', heritage, or subject content, the reform focuses on learning, learning outcomes, and measurable competence goals (Ministry of Education, 2003, section 4.2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The forms of meaning that were given prominence in this curriculum reform, were basic skills (ferdigheter) and learning outcomes, while knowledge and content more or less disappeared and became 'blind spots' of the curriculum (See Ministry of Education, 2003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Quality and output in schools were supposed to be governed through 'management by objectives' at individual as well as systems level (Ministry of Education, 2008)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Observed through the optics of systems theory, Norway was faced with the indeterminacy of an uncertain future in the wake of the 'PISA shock'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The system thus observed itself in the temporal dimension to achieve future success and avoid new failures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We cannot continue with 'business as usual', but at the same time, we do not know what the future will bring."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The deparadoxification strategy in this period, is one of asymmetrisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The system observes both sides of a distinction, i.e. new outcome-based education and old content-based curriculum, but as different from the strategy of crossing, the indicated side becomes lopsided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The form is asymmetrical, as the indication (new outcome-based education) serves as a preferred side, while the outside serves as the disregarded selections (old content-based curriculum)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Still, semantical developments related to a strictly future-oriented, out-put based curriculum is not yet fully realized in the Norwegian curriculum of 2006."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the core curriculum from 1993 (L93) was kept in an unrevised version and thus was still in effect in the 2006 reform, different rationales and intentions were expressed in different documents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Due to this unrevised core curriculum (Ministry of Church and Education, 1993), traditional forms of general Bildung, normative integration, and cultural heritage had at least symbolic value and effect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section, we will focus on the result of our systems theoretical analyses of policy and curriculum initiating documents leading up to the new reform, Renewal of the Knowledge Promotion Reform (2020), displaying the forms of meaning and deparadoxification strategies that are in force in this period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the aftermath of the previous reform (K06), evaluations displayed that learning outcomes were insufficient, and that the curriculum lacked coherence, with too many goals, unclear progres- sion, and a core curriculum that was not up to date with the latest educational developments (Ministry of Education, 2016, pp. 6-7)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These evaluations legitimized the need for curriculum revi- sions, opening up a new floodgate of externalizing efforts, thus leading up to the recent reform in Norway."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The process was initiated in 2013 by a White Paper (Ministry of Education, 2013) calling attention to two problems in the educational systems environment: a) increased diversity in pupils' needs and abilities and b) uncertain demands of future society and work life."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Policymakers were thus reflecting on how to ensure the inclusion of pupils (the social dimension) and secure outcomes based on the anticipation of an uncertain future (temporal dimension)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The White Paper in question suggested the appointment of an expert committee to reassess which competences and skills are needed in future society."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Following this, the so-called Ludvigsen-Committee was appointed by the Norwegian government in June 2013 to report on what pupils will need to learn in school from a perspective of 20-30 years (Ministry of Education, 2015, p. 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their work resulted in an interim report (Ministry of Education2014), presenting historical developments in school subjects over time, as well as a heavily debated Official Norwegian Report (Ministry of Education, 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hereafter NOU, 2015:8), proposing major changes in Norwegian curriculum."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The reports published by the Ludvigsen- Committee have been shown to be clearly inspired by transnational policy-initiating networks promoting competencies for the twenty-first century (Hilt et al., 2019), such as OECD's DeSeCo- project 2 and the European policy network Key Competence Network (KeyCoNet)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the following, we will illuminate proposed changes in the Norwegian curriculum in light of semantical developments promoted by these policy actors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NOU 2015:8 (p. 9) expresses a clearly future-oriented vision: Society is changing at a more rapid pace than ever before, making it pertinent to promote suitable competences for the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Faced with a risky and undecidable future, the committee expresses externalizing efforts by turning to the semantics of the twenty-first-century skills movement to deal with future indeterminacy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When comparing NOU 2015:8 with documents from OECD (2018) and KeyCoNet (2014, 2018), they are strikingly similar in meaning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All documents promote competences and skills suitable for societal needs in the twenty-first century, and question whether the contents of national curricula ade- quately prepare pupils for life in and after school-so called 'real-world' situations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The documents thus present an observation of the future as fundamentally uncertain, and questions whether it is possible to know what kind of knowledge that will be of relevance in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The solution in all three documents is described as a major curriculum change in order to prepare students for a society that is completely different from societies of the past."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Competence- oriented curriculum designs seem to be the only solution to an unpredictable future, stating that national curricula are out of touch with present societal needs and thus are ripe for major moder- nization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, KeyCoNet (2018, p. 6) expresses the advantages of a competence-oriented curriculum:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Competence-oriented education is regarded as advantageous in a time when the knowledge base of our societies is developing at an immense speed and when the skills required need to be transferred to and developed in many different societal contexts, including those unforeseen in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These future-oriented observations, describing accelerated change and unanticipated needs, result in observations and descriptions of present-day education as being out of step with societal needs, pertinently described as the problem of curriculum overload (OECD, 2018, p. 6; KeyCoNet, 2014, pp. 6, NOU 2015,8, 43)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "National curricula are considered generally overburdened with content, which is an obstacle to acquiring the skills necessary for leading a successful life or creating 'future-ready students' who exercise agency in their own education and throughout life (OECD, 2018, p. 5)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accordingly, all three sources express strong scepticism towards content-based curriculum designs that are strongly associated with risks of being out-dated and insufficiently preparing students for the future (e.g. KeyCoNet, 2014, p. 6, 2018, pp. 6-8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This example from KeyCoNet (2014, p. 5) illustrates this tendency: 'The key competence framework, with its emphasis on the application of knowledge in real world situations represents a significant departure from \"traditional\" content- based approaches (. . .)' From the perspective of Luhmann's theory of distinctions, the form of meaning in force, can be illustrated like in Figure 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 4, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our reading suggests that competency-based education is positioned as normatively superior to content-based education, though subject content is reinstalled as one of four competence areas suggesting a revitalization of disciplinary knowledge within the competence-based approach (NOU 2015:8)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our document-analysis of the three policy-sources indicates that the deparadoxification strategy in force is a strong asymmetrisation between modern competency-based education (i.e. twenty-first-century skills) and traditional content-based educational approaches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Policymakers observe education through the temporal dimension, finding the past and presence imbued with risks of being irrelevant and the future as uncertain, but promising."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given this temporal observation of the past, present and future states of society and education, a clearer prioritization, considering the relevance of knowledge promoted through the school system, comes to the forefront of curriculum-making in these documents."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The strategy of asymmetrisation implies that the indication (new outcome-based education) serves as a preferred side, while the outside serves as the disregarded selections (old content- based curriculum)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The system thus observes itself in the temporal dimension and finds little or less of importance in the past."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Traditional curricula based on content-decisions are associated with risk and, as the outside of the form of competency-based education, disregarded as a valid commu- nicative selection in the process of curriculum making."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our reading thus suggests that Norway, faced with uncertainty and rapid changes in society, as well as a seemingly inadequate curricula, externa- lizes to the semantics of twenty-first-century skills, thus pushing the system forward and legitimizing a need for new reform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While asymmetrisation enables the system to move on, it does not solve the paradox and the problem of relevance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As will become clear in the next section-it merely post- pones it."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We will now turn to the governmental reform documents and the measures that finally became selected, uncovering the forms of meaning and paradoxification strategies that are displayed in the official curriculum."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to Baek et al. ( 2018), the new Norwegian reform LK20 is designed as a two-pronged effort, targeting the two distinct but interrelated policy domains of curriculum and quality monitoring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We will focus on the curriculum part, as it is introduced in White Paper 282,015/ 2016 (Ministry of Education, 2016, hereafter WP28), and the new core curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2017)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "WP28 was published after the public hearing 3 of NOU 2015:8 and is structured in the following sequence: 1) policy suggestions from NOU 2015:8, 2) comments from the hearing, 3) the govern- ment's opinion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The document can thus be understood as a second-order observation of the policy- initiating process, in which decisions are made as differences between past and future events in the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of the main purposes of LK20 is to renew school subjects so as to enable more in-depth learning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This decision is legitimized by a temporal observation: National subject curricula have previously been characterized by crowded curricula (WP28, p. 7)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If we are to prepare ourselves for an unknown future, stronger prioritization and cuts in the curricula will have to be made."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In agreement with KeyCoNet (2014, p. 5) and OECD (2018, p. 6), as well as the policy initiating NOU 2015: 8, the Norwegian government now argues for a broader concept of competences that include social and emotional aspects of pupils' learning, calling for a higher prioritization of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, WP28 underscores the need for a new curriculum to better prepare students for 'life outside of school' by emphasizing transversal skills (p. 14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Social and emotional skills, such as curiosity, resilience, self-regulation, collaboration, and creativity, are con- sidered of great importance for education, work, citizenship, health, and life coping in general (p. 14)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At first glance, the reform documents show the same tendency towards asymmetrisation as we observed in the policy-initiating process: 'new curriculum' promoting in-depth learning and social and emotional competences is privileged, while the 'old curricula', construed as over-crowded and promoting surface learning, is disregarded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "WP28 is thus externalizing to the semantics of twenty- first-century skills, now making these ideas and concepts an official part of Norwegian curriculum."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are, however, also important differences, showing how the Norwegian government selectively connected to educational forms from the policy-initiating process."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In alignment with initiatives from OECD and KeyCoNet, NOU 2015:8 called attention to new assessment methods designed to measure pupils' social and emotional skills."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NOU 2015:8 stated firmly: 'If these aspects [social and emotional skills] of pupils' learning are to be given priority in the day-to-day school, they must be part of the subjects' objectives' (p. 80)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This rather unconven- tional suggestion in the Norwegian context, in which social and emotional learning is traditionally seen as part of the (non-instrumental) broader mandate of schooling, spurred heavy debates about assessment in school."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the public hearing, measuring social and emotional skills was seen as challenging to Norwegian educational traditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Norwegian government thus took a rather moderate stance on the issue, stating that social and emotional competences are not to be incorporated in the subjects' learning outcomes, and they are not to be assessed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Schools may guide and train pupils' social and emotional competences, as they are preconditions for learning, but it is the pupils' knowledge and competences in the subjects that are to be assessed (WP28, p. 23)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As different from the policy initiating sources, WP28 relates social and emotional skills to the pedagogical intentions (self-reference) rather than the pedagogical outcome (other-reference)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The government externalizes to transnational policy-actors promoting social and emotional learning, but selectively connects to these observations in order to reconcile conflicts in the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As Baraldi and Corsi (2016) point out, reforms make visible differences of interest that otherwise would be only latent and left to discussions in organizational interactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "When reforms produce controversial and sometimes contradictory self-descriptions, resistance and conflicts are made visible and dealt with in communication."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0060__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This way, the systems' self-descriptions are more realistic, increasing the decision-making potential of reforms by making it possible for organizations and persons with different viewpoints to accept and follow up on the initiatives."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Perhaps a bit surprisingly, the Norwegian government brings the concept of Bildung into the curriculum equation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "WP28 emphasizes familiarity with, and inauguration in, the Norwegian cultural heritage and explicitly states the importance of Bildung in the sense that pupils are to get knowledge of and eventually feel obliged to follow foundational norms and values of Norwegian society (WP28, p. 21)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As an educational form, Bildung adheres to the Didaktik tradition that has held strong prominence in curriculum-making in Norway. 5 However, in the process leading up to the reform, Bildung was more or less a blind spot."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At first glance, the new reform may be understood as an attempt at balancing competence-based education with Bildung, in alignment with traditional semantics in the Norwegian educational context: 'The educational system [kindergarten and school] must give children and young people the Bildung and education they need in order to master the future' (WP28, p. 5), 6 and in the core curriculum (p. 8): 'The purpose of schooling is both education and Bildung [danning]'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the reform documents recognize the continuity with 'management by objectives' from the previous reform, they also reflect on the need for a common cultural framework based on ancestry and common values, as well as the need to provide teachers with guidance when selecting content."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Seemingly, at this point, LK20 does not create the same asymmetrical binary between new and old curriculum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The question is, then, is LK20, similar to the reforms of 2006 and 1997, merely oscillating between educational traditions and external observations-between 'new' and 'old curriculum'? We will argue that we are rather dealing with a creative deparadoxifying strategy, a way of walking between the impasse of past and future in the system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Looking more closely at the government's solutions, 'new' outcome-based education still has a structural primacy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As stated in WP28 (p. 44): 'Curricula are not to be overcrowded by content-descriptions . . . ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A significantly stronger definition of concrete content in the curriculum is problematic'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite symbolic intentions at preserving the notion of Bildung, LK20 is reluctant to select and define a curriculum content that might have 'Bildung potentiality'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Rather, the balance between content and competence-orientation is to be ensured by indicating what kind of content, in terms of knowledge and skills, pupils are to acquire in order to reach competence goals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0064__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is in agreement with how Luhmann (2006b, pp. 212-213) described the semantic shift from Bildung towards 'outcome-based curriculum': The selection criteria no longer refer to the 'inner value' of the educational content, but to what degree the content enables pupils to practice their 'abilities to learn'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bildung is now not defined in traditional terms as pupils' self-realization in the encounter with a pedagogical content of value, but more as a kind of life-mastery in which pupils are to use their skills, values, and attitudes to deal with an uncertain and risky future (see, e.g. WP28, p. 21; Ministry of Education, 2017, p. 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Bildung is thus considered dependent on the development of competence and becomes oriented towards adaptability rather than autonomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The paradoxical unity of the difference between Bildung as the pedagogical intention and competence as pedagogical outcome seems to be temporally relocated: While competences are primarily about the pupils' learning outcomes in subjects, measured by annual benchmarks, Bildung is a kind of long-term output of education-oriented towards 'life itself', building explicitly on competences, but adding time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, Bildung is now understood as 'lifelong learning' (see, e.g. WP28, p. 21)-re-entering the difference between intention and outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The pupils are to develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes in order to participate in work life and communities-and to master their lives indefinitely."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accordingly, Bildung does not have the same meaning in LK20 as in previous reforms but becomes 'competence-Bildung'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The system moves beyond oscillation and asymmetrisation of old and new forms of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather, 'old' forms of education become relevant on the premise of future-orientation and 'new curriculum'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The educational system thus internalizes the distinction between Bildung and competence to solve the paradox of identity and difference-it re-enters the distinction on the inside of the system, resulting in systemic morphogenesis, illustrated by the theory of distinctions in Figure 3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The new reform in Norway, LK20, is thus trying to harmonize 'new curriculum' suggestions with existing forms of meaning in the system, creating a sense of unity in difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Faced with systemic 'irritations' and the paradox of an uncertain future, the system no longer merely pendulates between (present) past and (present) future."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather, the distinction between 'new curriculum' (output, competence, learning) and 'old curriculum' (Bildung, teaching, content) is re-entered at the inside of the system, creating a new, hybrid form of education in Norway, a form we can call 'new-old curriculum' promoting 'competence-Bildung'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bildung in the new Norwegian curriculum reform thus holds a quite different meaning than the notion of Bildung we know from the Didaktik-tradition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The global tendency of emphasizing skills and output regulation has entailed a transformation of foundational concepts in curricula worldwide, from teaching, knowledge, and Bildung to learning outcomes, competences, and lifelong learning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This relates to Hopmann (2003) observations of a shift from process-control to product-control in state curriculum making, and the related con- ceptualization of western states ways of dealing with welfare problems as a move towards 'management by expectations' (Hopmann, 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If we were to interpret these shifts in curriculum making spatially, nation states with their local contingencies would be seen as increasingly adapting to the (teleological) processes of global standardization, fuelled by the powers of transnational organizations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this picture, the emergence of outcome-based education, as illuminated in our analysis of Norwegian curriculum reforms, would seem both evident and unavoidable, supported by large-scale measurement systems such as PISA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper, however, has explored a different analytical perspective to illuminate the semantical evolution of outcome-based education, calling attention to the way educational forms and reforms come about in and through the observation and construction of temporality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have illuminated the evolution of curriculum in Norwegian education from 1988 to 2020 by utilizing concepts from the late Luhmann's highly temporal 'theory of distinctions', focusing on the forms of meaning and deparadoxification strategies that national policy makers use when dealing with future uncertainty."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the late 1980s and 1990s, Norwegian policymakers turn to externalizing efforts observing the political and economic environment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Semantics inspired by human resource management are introduced and neoliberal ideas about governing gains support in the face of increasing critique of the expenditure and quality of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is in line with research showing how observations from international actors provoke systemic externalizations often conceptualized as international 'policy borrowing' (e.g. Steiner-Khamsi & Waldow, 2012)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, the evolution of 'new curriculum' in Norway was by far a straightforward process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 1990s reforms externalized not only to observations from the environment (e.g. policy- borrowing) to deal with future uncertainty, but also to observations of the national past, reconstruct- ing semantical forms of Bildung and national heritage."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The oscillation between future competency needs and past traditions thus made Norwegian curriculum quite contradictory in content, making it difficult to re-specify the educational intention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the 'PISA shock' of 2001 prompted a floodgate of externalization, moving towards a clearer tendency of asymmetrisation, in which 'old curriculum' was called into question, while 'new curriculum', focusing on skills and learning out- comes, was seen as increasingly more incontrovertible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The strategy of asymmetrisation was further strengthened in the policy-initiating process leading up to the most recent educational reform in Norway, LK20. ' Old curriculum', emphasizing educa- tional inputs and selected content, was now associated with the risk of being outdated-unsuitable for anticipating the uncertain demands of the future. ' New curriculum', however, emphasizing social and emotional skills, transversal competences and learning in 'real-time-situation', was considered timely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although this strong assymetrisation of 'new curriculum' made it possible to hide the paradoxical impasse of Norwegian education, the reform process leading up to LK20 emerged in more complex directions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reform documents of LK20 selectively connect to policy initiatives from OECD and KeyCoNet, mediated by the policy-initiating Norwegian Official Report NOU 2015:8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Still, the reform documents proved to be selective in terms of which forms to introduce, and clearly modifies their semantic meaning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is especially evident in the way the reform chooses to dissolve the paradox of past/ future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rather than merely oscillating between 'old' and 'new' curriculum, or leaning in favour of 'new curriculum', the reform creates a new, hybrid form of education: 'new-old curriculum'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Bildung is now re-conceptualized as life-long learning, a process resting on competences, with the purpose of mastering 'life itself'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The distinction between competence-based education and Bildung is thus re- entered into the system, creating a new educational form of meaning: 'competence-Bildung'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This new understanding of Bildung appears to play an important role in mediating between the time horizons of the (present) past and the (present) future in the documents of the LK20 reform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Luhmann's (2006b) and Luhmann and Schorr (2000) historical-semantic investigations identify important shifts in educational meaning as modern society evolves from segmentary to stratificatory and functional differentiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Previously, Bildung 7 ensured the autonomy of the educational system by an idealized relationship between a canonized body of academic knowledge, representing 'the world', and individual self-cultivation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Self-cultivation was indispensably related to educational content and school education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0073__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The semantics of Bildung thus emphasized the autonomy of educa- tion, leaving little room for external societal demands (Luhmann & Schorr, 2000, pp. 88-94)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, as Luhmann (1998, p. 4) states: 'The semantic apparatus of old Europe is no longer taken for granted as the common foundation of education'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The emergence of mass schooling gradually undermined the canonical certainties of schooling, and the ability to learn has gradually replaced Bildung as the primary educational form ('contingency formulae')."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This implied a semantic shift in which the autonomy of education no longer depended on a given body of educational content, and selection of educational content came to the forefront of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Education is no longer striving to ensure continuity between past and present by selecting heritage and normative integration patterns."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0074__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Rather, education, as any other functional system of modern society, becomes increasingly oriented towards the future by constructing cognitive expectations of educational outcomes and goals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Luhmann's (1971, p. 26) observation that there is a structural primacy of future-oriented, cognitive expectation patterns in modern society is articulated in his organizational studies (2000, p. 261) as a difference between conditional and purposive programmes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While conditional programmes are past-present oriented, regulating communications through internal references to decisions of the past (rules, contents, etc.), purposive programmes are future-oriented, regulating communication by constructing cognitive expectations of future outcomes and goals (Luhmann, 2000, p. 266; Sivesind et al., 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Despite the co-existence of (seemingly) normative expectation patterns, such as Bildung, cultural heritage, and collective values, LK20 is clearly dominated by cognitive expectations, focusing on future outcomes and goals."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As a reform programme, LK20 can thus be characterized as a purposive programme, setting out to regulate communication by constructing cognitive expecta- tions of future outcomes and goals (Luhmann, 2000, p. 266)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The paper shows that LK20 does not revitalize Bildung in a traditional sense."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When Bildung is understood as 'lifelong learning', it is no longer bound to educational content and school education but becomes an adaptable form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bildung in LK20 is thus different from Bildung of the past."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The combination 'competence-Bildung' moves the system out of the standstill of oscillation, making it possible to respecify the universal intention to educate in content by aiming at practicing the ability to learn."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0076__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The paradox is no longer postponed by asymmetrisation ('new curriculum, not traditional') but simultaneously kept in place and changed into the modality of 'traditional, but as new curriculum'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this paper, we have observed how historically changing observations of the past and the future in Norwegian education have fuelled and legitimized the emergence of educational reform in the timespan 1988-2000."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather than understanding the emergence of 'new curriculum' in Norway as a teleological process of increasingly more globalization and 'neo-liberal' standardization, we have suggested an understanding of educational evolution as efforts at dealing with time and an uncertain future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By engaging with concepts from the late Luhmann, such as observation, distinction, form, re-entry, paradox, and de-paradoxification, the highly temporal and selective characteristics of curriculum change become evident."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While Bildung and content-oriented programmes were oriented towards the past by reproducing educational content of value to society, 'new curriculum' is oriented towards preparing students for their future participation in society and work life."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The education system is now programmed to produce skills and competences that make it easier for human beings to participate in and be addressed by the different communication systems of society."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luhmann's perspective on educa- tional change, for instance, through his concept of future-oriented, purposive programmes, may thus provide an important (temporal) alternative to the more common understandings of 'neo- liberal governance' and 'cognitive capitalism'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our findings indicate that the global evolution of 'new curriculum' is not a linear process of increasingly more homogenization but develops in surprising directions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The combination of exter- nalization efforts to the 'outside' (e.g. policy-borrowing) and to the historical past (e.g. as 'retrotopia') results in the emergence of new, creative educational forms, enabling the system to continue its own autopoiesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Norwegian education is thus not understood as a space of local contingency, at risk of losing its essential flavours in the encounter with the hegemonic forces of 'new curriculum'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rather, Norwegian education is constantly being constructed and reconstructed within the horizon of the 'world' and as a difference between past and future events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As Luhmann (1998, p. 5) pertinently states: 'Life is less and less determined by local environments'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Vanden Broeck (2019) points out, the anticipation of an uncertain future provides the educa- tional present with an inexhaustible reservoir of possibilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within the horizon of an uncertain future, there are no boundaries to what competences and themes education can include."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Increasingly more output measures in terms of social and emotional skills are incorporated into the education system's self-descriptions-structural changes that contribute to the growth of the educational system."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In conclusion, while Bildung as self-cultivation in the encounter with an incon- testable canon implies autonomy and the risk of under-integration of education with society, 'new curriculum', emphasizing learning, implies adaptability and dependencies of outcomes and other- references."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "More research is needed to illuminate the consequences of this constant other- orientation and growth of educational communication, uncovering whether outcome-based educa- tion poses a risk of over-adaptability of education to the outside world."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. In this paper, our focus has not been to analyse curriculum changes chronologically, but to show similarities as well as divergence in meaning between recent Norwegian policy and curriculum documents and documents from the networks that have been explicitly inspirational to the reform."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore OECD (2018) and KeyCoNet (2018) are included in the analyses, despite the fact that they were published after the Official Norwegian Report NOU 2015:8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The relevance of analysing documents from these networks were established by reading the Norwegian interim report NOU 2014:7 (see section 8.3), where OECD and KeyCoNet are emphasized as interna- tional programmes that have been inspirational to the reform.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Education 2030 builds on the well-known DeSeCo project (Definition and Selection of Competencies)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. In Norway, relevant governmental agencies, organizations, unions, institutions, and associations are given the opportunity to state their opinions about policy-suggestions in so-called public hearing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. Social and emotional competences are considered preconditions for learning, but not as primary objectives of schooling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As aptly stated in WP28: 'It is an important principle that schools shall not formulate individual goals for the pupils' personality, attitudes and preferences' (24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The difference in the status of social and emotional competences is also expressed by a much thinner definition of competence promoted by WP28 (28) as compared to the other documents."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5. It is however important to emphasize that, although the curriculum documents use the term Bildung, they do not use it in the same way as in the Didaktik-tradition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "6. The Norwegian formulation is 'utdanning og danning'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "7. Bildung and learning to learn are called 'contingency-formulae' in Luhmann's (2006b) theory."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such formulae deal with communicative indeterminacy and ensure the unity of the system, but change in accordance with the idea-evolution of society and systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luhmann seems to use both the term 'contingency-formulae' and 'educational form', and although the previous may be more precise, we use the latter to avoid too many abstract concepts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Line T. Hilt is Associate Professor at Department of Education, University of Bergen, Norway. Her research covers educational philosophy, education policy, curriculum studies, and social inclusion/exclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "She is the leader of the research group Foundations of Education (GRUNNPED/FOUNDED) at University of Bergen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hanne Riese is Associate Professor at Department of Education, University of Bergen, Norway. Her research covers education policy, curriculum studies, social relations, race and racialisation in the field of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With a professional background in social anthropology, her professional interest lies in the encounter between discursive approaches and action research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_931__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article addresses how elementary school teachers approach Bildung when planning and monitoring the in-school- and at-home work of 6- and 9-year-old pupils."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By examining a national sample of 204 weekly work plans designed by teachers in Norwegian schools, we investigate whether and how curriculum practices acknowledge principles of Bildung by opening up multiple futures through encouraging pupils to engage in meaning-making processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To identify how work plans structure pupils’ schoolwork, we adopt a system-theoretical framework that distinguishes between conditional and purposive programme forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The most interesting finding is that a substantial number of the investigated teachers use a purposive programme form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Through specifying objectives and assessment criteria, the teachers expect that pupils will develop and master a set of competencies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Some teachers apply a conditional form by devising work plans that emphasize subject matter content, but most of the work plans combine the two programme forms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0091__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "By developing a typology of the various combinations, we find that, in addition to the pure conditional approach, a combined approach that provides objectives alongside broad descriptions of teaching content best reflects the principles of Bildung by promoting creative, dialogic interaction between teachers, pupils and parents."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Introduction"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Public Bildung may be understood as a type of education that supports pupils’ efforts to understand more of the world [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In practice, the arrangement asks pupils to work on something specific as long as opportunities remain for them to learn more or learn something other than what was originally planned [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Today, however, states tend to control curriculum practices by assessing learning outcomes, an effort that implies an increased interest in shaping pupils’ mindsets to achieve those outcomes [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0093__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The current study demonstrates how such outcome control challenges the principle of public Bildung by limiting meaning-making processes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Empirically, the article examines how elementary school teachers in Norway formulate so-called work plans to prepare and monitor the learning activities of 6- and 9-year-old pupils."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A group of 204 plans for the first and fourth grades (ages 6–7 and 9–10, respectively) were downloaded in late 2015 from the websites of the schools in nine regions in Norway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At this stage in the Norwegian school system, there are no formal grades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Traditionally, work plans inform pupils of their workload for a week or longer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Teachers use these plans to set the agenda of what pupils will do either individually or with their peers and sometimes with their parents at home."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, the assignments are monitored by the plan and enacted with feedback from other pupils or their parents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0094__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In most cases, teachers used word processing programs to produce the plans, which include text and illustrations intended to attract pupils’ attention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our research interest lies primarily in investigating how these work plans nest curriculum components, such as objectives, content descriptions and assessment criteria, to structure pupils’ school- and homework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of course, work plans alone cannot provide empirical evidence of how teachers present these plans in face-to-face communication in the classroom or how pupils and their parents react to the various formats the teachers employed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the workplans indicate how teachers specify expectations about pupils’ learning and show where the curriculum design, in principle, either facilitate or, conversely, impede what we define in this article as Bildung."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previously, researchers have examined how work plans are designed and used to make pupils self-regulated learners [4][5][6][7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Scholars have also demonstrated that the language used in these plans can influence how pupils are discursively governed [8][9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Attentive to Foucault’s theory of how teachers positively exercise power in schools and classrooms, Oldervik [8] shows how work plan practices target pupils’ mindsets through planning styles oriented towards individual learning processes and outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, Rambø and Tønnessen [9] look at how work plans configure social contracts that steer both pupils’ and parents’ involvement in schools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While the former studies deploy analytical strategies inspired by Foucault and Fairclough, ours examines work plans through a system-theoretical lens as articulations of curriculum practice and of how teachers plan pupils’ activities in schools."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0096__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We identify how work plans provide decision schemes in curriculum practices that structure communication between teachers, pupils, and parents."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the very start of our study, we used a typology for analysis that distinguishes between two decision schemes: a purposive planning style that in educational terms limits Bildung by specifying learning outcomes and a conditional planning style that give directions for what to do while providing an open future and a spectrum of learning possibilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to Luhmann [10], these forms represent decision schemes related to how communication evolves in organizations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our system-theoretical lens serves as a heuristic device to examine alternative curriculum designs that can be either Bildung and input oriented or outcome and instrumentally oriented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Importantly, some designs combine the two programme forms and oscillate between the different input/output schemes available in the organization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We take Bildung into consideration by addressing these decision programmes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the one side, a conditional programme form makes curriculum practices mainly Bildung oriented, as it provides professional freedom and ‘room to move’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other, a purposive programme form inspires outcome-oriented teaching that is instrumental, as it implies a means-end reasoning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The conditional programme form is comparable to what Hopmann [11] conceptualizes as a restrained approach to teaching."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In a restrained approach, pupils need to experience openness in terms of expected learning outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Simultaneously, they need structure and support from their teachers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0098__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The pupils’ degree of autonomy and freedom therefore depends on both how teachers practice their teaching and on how they mediate expectations about learning outcomes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By classifying and systematizing how teachers formulate work plans, we examine how the plans structure expectations of what pupils are going to study, do and achieve during a period of a week or more."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We posed the following research questions:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Do teachers outline broad aims and content in work plans with a conditional programme that implies restrained teaching, and/or do they use objectives and assessment criteria to specify content and outcomes that make teaching an instrumental pursuit?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● How do work plans combine curriculum components that potentially nest programme forms by detailing what pupils are going to study, do and accomplish?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● How do such nested programme forms imply openness and a reflective practice along with educational principles of Bildung?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The article comprises four sections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first section positions this study in the context of curriculum studies that outline ideas and principles for facilitating public Bildung."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The next part introduces our analytical framework and the conditional and purposive programme forms with reference to Luhmann [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As this theory elucidates how a rather detailed plan and a restrained approach to teaching enable an open future, we describe these two programme forms in depth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Next, we present the data, material, and analytical strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This empirical section presents the combined forms that teachers use in practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We have developed three additional types that indicate the degree to which work plan designs encourage or constrict meaning-making processes: undefined, structured and interrelated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0103__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In the final section, we discuss how and when the combined approaches take Bildung as a point of departure, thus answering the question of whether and how curriculum practices in Norwegian schools expand or constrain pupils’ educational experiences and create or limit opportunities to engage in dialogue with their peers, parents, and teachers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Addressing decision programmes through a normative-analytical bildung lens"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the sociological research literature examines education from an external, societal perspective, curriculum studies and didactics as a research field anchor their research questions in educational theories and practices [13][14][15][16][17][18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Northern and Central Europe, these didactical theories have traditionally been Bildung oriented (Swedish: bildning; Norwegian: danning; Danish: dannelse) [19][20][21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this context, state authorities formulate national curricula that inform teachers of essential objectives and content at various ages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Teachers have had the professional responsibility to choose educational methods and procedures without being accountable for the outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In curriculum studies, this principle is termed licencing [22][23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The didactic triangle illustrates the relationship between the teacher, the pupil, the taught content and the environment in which teacher and pupil interact [11][24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Granting the crucial difference between matter and meaning, the content has the potential simply to allow pupils to develop various understandings or meanings of that content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0105__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Moreover, expectations of what the pupils will learn as a result of the teaching are more open-ended than when planning comprises a set of measurable learning goals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This view is legitimized not only by a practical philosophy of how to empower children but also by a theory of schooling that sees teaching as a communicative process [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to this theory, teachers’ decisions in this communicative process do not necessarily ensure a particular understanding of the content on the part of pupils."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Knowledge is simply not transferrable without reception and interpretation or without being developed through a pupil’s own understanding [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Teaching cannot establish causal relations that ensure learning, so a teacher can never fully ensure that pupils understand the substantial aspects of a problem in specific ways or determine the experiences and perspectives that pupils develop [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0106__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A teacher can, however, prepare for fruitful encounters in which students engage in dialogue about subject matter content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Bildung perspective sees pupils as relatively autonomous from an early age (meaning that, to learn, they depend both on a teacher’s care and knowledge and on their own will and drive) [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "School authorities aim to acknowledge this relative autonomy by ‘restrained teaching’ [11], in which professionals serve as a buffer between the inner life of schooling and demands outside the school context."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only the relative autonomy and responsibility facilitated by restrained teaching enables learning through reflection and understanding [27]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, a school can be considered a place for teaching and learning insofar as educational goals are emphasized through upbringing in general and teaching practices that focus on a selection of content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "From this perspective, teaching is not dictated by external demands about what should be accomplished or achieved in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, the teaching output is not predictable, as pupils construct meaning autonomously in response to their teachers’ presentation of the content [28][29][30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0107__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Instead, teaching processes make it possible to project alternative futures by rethinking the past, which addresses the needs of both pupils and society at large."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Framework, data and methods"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section, we present the two programme forms that Luhmann [12] outlines in his organizational theory."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The analytical distinction between the forms facilitates exploring how curriculum practices reveal teachers’ handling of paradoxical dimensions related to public Bildung and how those paradoxes change character in what sociologists today describe as a knowledge society."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conditional and purposive programmes"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Today, public administrations develop risk management strategies as a means of ordering reality, that is, to create order in an unordered, chaotic world [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0111__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a so-called knowledge society, these strategies imply that both national and local governments aim to exert direct control through accountability systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0111__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Against this background, the evaluative state becomes more powerful by using calculations and test-based measurements to monitor public institutions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0111__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An underlying assumption of the evaluative state is the expectation that future decisions can be causally controlled through present and future calculations [31][32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This risk-minimizing system of accountability implies conceptions of new forms of self-governance in which individuals are expected to manage their learning using new technology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As mentioned, researchers have taken a Foucaultian approach to study the use of work plans in curriculum practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For Foucault [33], semantics (i.e. the way knowledge is constructed through language) predominantly explains how a ‘sociology of techniques of government’ [34] exercises power over individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thereby, the semantics subjectively determine the responsibilities of, for example, teachers [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This approach implies a conception of new forms of self-governance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0112__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The Foucaultian perspective can clarify how a knowledge-based society and its policies target individuals and their subjectivities by the ways in which the modern states intervene to discipline and regulate citizens [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A related but different perspective that elucidates the evolution and consequences of a knowledge-based society draws on Luhmann’s distinction between conditional and purposive programmes, the latter associated with accountability strategies and learning outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While both Foucault and Luhmann provide analytical lenses to examine the semantics of politics and education, only Luhmann develops a theory about systems [35]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0113__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We argue that conceptions of systems aid in identifying how curriculum practices manifest programme structures that resonate more or less with the principles of public Bildung."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 2, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Luhmann [12] attributes changes in accountability systems to programme forms that reflect various semantical schemes and considers the interplay between societal systems as equally relevant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This conceptual approach helps to identify the negative impact of purposive and rational planning on processes and simultaneously reveals how coordination mechanisms make Bildung possible through organizational decision-making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to Luhmann, decision processes oscillate between different input/output schemes that either relate conditions to outcomes or consider means towards specific ends."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This oscillation results in programmatic patterns."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, according to Luhmann and Barrett [36], the choice of programme forms determines the communication that characterizes organizations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0114__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our case this choice relates to how teaching practices in Norwegian schools are either purposively oriented, by ignoring the boundaries of schooling and increasing various risks, or conditionally oriented, by restraining teaching that delimits dialogues and meaning-making processes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Luhmann [12, p. 261] describes conditional programmes (Konditionalprogramme) as process oriented due to a past/present decision form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, they are also referred to as input oriented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0115__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Decision sequences resulting from this programme form look backwards to past decisions that predict what comes first and what comes next through procedural expectations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This application of the conditional programme form has structural consequences in terms of regulating the relationship between conditions and possible outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This programme form aims to observe social conditions through the ‘if–then’ distinction [12, p. 263], which has been the basis of the welfare state’s decision-making processes throughout modern history."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0116__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This observational form establishes certain limits for ongoing communication by the principle of detailing what can and what cannot be done in terms of coordinating actions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This principle which characterizes law documents prescribes future actions to a certain degree, yet expands future possibilities, as conditions determine both what can and what cannot be done in terms of coordinating actions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0117__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If the authority limits itself, there will be leeway for others to decide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0117__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In so doing, the authority steers action through a negative-coordination mechanism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This also means that a conditional programme form cannot be straightforwardly applied along linear paths or lines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0118__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, the authority cannot possibly control the concrete decisions of organizations or individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0118__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "What a conditional programme can do is create boundaries for decision-making by establishing limits around what to address in terms of topics of communication."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0118__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, in the case of a bureaucracy, which is highly regulated by law, professionals’ decisions can be regulated but not causally controlled by the conditional programme form."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Luhmann [12, p. 263] describes the idea as paradoxical, as persons need to rethink their decisions by including the ‘only if–then’ distinction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If, for example, as in our case, curriculum documents are formulated and applied in terms of a conditional programme form, these plans will, for paradoxical reasons, not serve as detailed regulations but operate through a negative-coordination mechanism that enables several choices at the local level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given the existence of this mechanism, a robust and detailed curriculum based on past decisions about what to teach in the classroom may facilitate both teacher and pupil autonomy relative to regulations ‘from above’, such as the law."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, according to this type of programme, curriculum planning will identify specific content to be taught in schools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This means that the curriculum limits what is expected to be taught; that is, what is not described in the curriculum, is not part of the schools’ responsibility, and is not formally expected to be included as a topic in the classroom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This does not mean, however, that teaching content is regulated in detail by the formal curriculum."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0119__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The curriculum thus lays the foundation for what pupils should work with in the school and at the same time restrain what the school should be responsible for in their communication with pupils and parents."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Rather, the curriculum describes subject matter content that, through teaching, will be represented and subject to interpretations to the degree that teachers represent the content in their teaching."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0120__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this way, a conditional-oriented curriculum, observing the school through a ‘only if-then’ distinction, suggests which content teachers focus on in their daily practice and, at the same time, allows them to ignore other content that could be taught."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0120__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consequently, a curriculum based on a conditional decision programme provides schools and teachers with the flexibility to decide upon content matter within certain limits, which Hopmann [11] describes as a restrained teaching approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unlike conditional programmes, purposive programmes (Zweckprogramme) are future oriented, as they identify outcomes to be accomplished in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0121__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to this programme form, teaching planning starts with establishing learning goals and/or assessment standards that aim to identify competence and expected performance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0121__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luhmann [12, p. 263] characterizes the decisional form in purposive programmes as being based on the ‘if not–then’ distinction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0121__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, standards can be used in assessing pupils’ competencies, and if measurements indicate that the pupils have not achieved the goals of the standards, then teachers or others must act appropriately to solve the problem."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, neither a conditional nor a purposive programme form implies decisions and actions that can be causally controlled in a straightforward way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, decisions must be made manageable by applying a negative distinction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, when pupils do not accomplish a task or perform as expected, achieving the programme’s purposes must be pursued by reactions based on an underlying negative assumption: ‘only if not–then’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is a risk oriented decisional form, that makes the school accountable for what pupils achieve in terms of learning outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0122__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the school is obliged to monitor how the pupils make progress according to a set of performance standards."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the purposive programme form, in contrast to a conditional programme form, observations about what to do are contingent, that is, they are open for discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0123__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because conditional boundaries are not present, as when a formal curriculum presents a sequential series of goals and content, purposive decisions can include everything that is not specifically prohibited."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This contingency means that a purposive programme form allows for various projections and expectations about what one is allowed to do (e.g. what one can teach) in a particular context or situation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These new options arise when a state authority formulates legal standards without detailing rules or procedures on what to do and when a formal curriculum does not detail what should be taught in schools and classrooms but rather establishes competencies and performance standards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luhmann [12, p. 266] characterizes purposive programmes that focus mainly on learning goals and standards as reflecting a goal-oriented strategy that creates even more uncertainty than conditional programmes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, according to a purposive logic, evaluations and assessments become more prominent than before as governing tools, although not necessarily more influential in the daily practice of teachers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0124__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, Luhmann [12, p. 266] notes that calculations regarding the future will always be uncertain and accompanied by risks, which again are manifested in purposive-oriented teaching practice that is paradoxical by character [37]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We argue that pupils’ work plans, as formulated by teachers, are based on a purposive programme form if they focus on competence and performance, but plans can also reflect practical styles of reasoning and a restrained approach as in a conditional programme form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To illustrate the alternative approaches and how the two programme forms can be combined through the choice of curriculum components, we apply a framework for analysing work plans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0125__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The left side of Table 1 reflects a Bildung approach that is mainly conditional, whereas the right side reflects goals and standards that follow from a purposive logic [38]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The framework in Table 1 clarifies how curriculum planning may articulate conditional and purposive orientations as well as combined programme forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present study applies this theoretical framework to analyse curriculum planning in schools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Three combined types emerged from empirically classifying and comparing the work plan material, which we term the (1) undefined, (2) structured and (3) interrelated combinations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Using this framework, we demonstrate how work plans, as products of decisions in schools’ curriculum practices, reflect a washback effect of assessment practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0126__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "How assessment works out as a coordinating device in the forms of the three types will be further explored in the empirical part of this article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data and methods"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The data comprised 204 work plans for first and fourth grades in primary schools in nine regions of Norway (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0128__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They date from weeks 47 to 50 in 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0128__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The nine regions are spread throughout the country and include both densely populated and more rural areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0128__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As the format of the work plans considered in this study was consistent at the grade level within our text corpus, one case in our data serves as a representation of the work plan formats for that grade at that school."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Work plans describe curriculum components to inform pupils of what to do during a specific period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0129__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The plans provide a weekly overview of what will take place at school and in class and are addressed to both pupils and parents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0129__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Usually, work plans provide the following information (for a sample work plan, see the appendix):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Lesson plan for the coming week\n● Learning goals and/or learning content\n● Practical information\n● Homework requirements\n● Some work plans have specific features, such as self-evaluation, ‘words of the week’, advice for learning and training or reports on learning progress in class."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We conducted a semantical analysis focused on those parts of the work plans that provide information on learning content and/or objectives [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some work plans contain specific features that we also analysed, such as rubrics or other devices for self-evaluation, as the devices often comprise a list of learning objectives that indicate whether and how a plan reflects a purposive programme form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some work plans included a timetable for a lesson plan with detailed content for the coming week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In those cases, we considered the lesson plan as listing subject matter content in a straightforward way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The presentation of the content and learning objectives served as our units of analysis, which we examined with reference to the analytical framework in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, we categorized each case according to the various programme forms: Are content matter and learning goals directed towards future proficiency, or do they present a narrative description of what pupils are required to learn at school? Are they learning-oriented, and what kind of phrases are used to articulate expectations regarding pupils’ competencies (e.g. ‘the pupil is able to’, ‘I can’, ‘the pupil should’)?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0131__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "After classifying them as reflecting a purposive or conditional programme form, we examined the variety of these approaches, focusing especially on combined programme forms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in table 3, the most common way of presenting subject matter content combines purposive and conditional elements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 44 cases, teachers presented their aims and objectives in a traditional way by indicating the basic topics and themes of instruction and mentioning specific competence goals that pupils were expected to achieve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A comparable number of cases represented genuinely purposive programme forms, which focus on learning goals formulated as competencies and/or skills that must be mastered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Traditional conditional forms constituted a minority of 16 cases, and nine cases featured alternative approaches (i.e. work plans that contained no information on what was to be taught in the coming week)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general, the programme forms articulated in the work plans were consistent within one class at one school, meaning the work plans adhered to a given format and did not change their form over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The programme forms were also largely consistent within schools, meaning that, in most cases, both grades (first and fourth) used the same form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In cases in which the two grades followed different programme forms, the work plans for the first grade leaned towards a combined programme form, whereas those for the fourth grade tended to follow a purposive form (with some exceptions)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The following section briefly presents and describes work plans in the tradition of genuine purposive or conditional programme forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thereafter, we present various configurations of combined programme forms and analyse them more extensively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0133__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The programme forms presented in the next section are outlined below:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "● Purposive programme forms\n● Conditional programme forms\n● Combined programme forms:\n○ Undefined combination of conditional and purposive forms\n○ Structured combination of conditional and purposive forms\n○ Interrelated combination of conditional and purposive forms"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Analysis"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Purposive programme forms"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Work plans representing this programme form relied on a list of learning goals that were formulated in diverse ways (e.g. ‘I can’, ‘I should be able to’, ‘you are able to’, ‘to be able to’, like in (Table Example 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0137__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The only exception was information concerning social behaviour at school and in class."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0137__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Goals of this kind were in certain cases set in a conditional way, and, in one case, a work plan provided additional exercises for advanced pupils."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Example 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "School 3.5, week 48, first grade (extracts from the list of learning goals)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Goals for this period"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Norwegian: I should be able to write and recognize the sound of the letter Ø/ø."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "I should be able to pronounce the sounds of the letters and combine them to form a word."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I should be able to recognize words such as de, vi and som (they, we and as)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "(. . .) Science and social studies: I should know why waste separation is important."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "I should recognize the various symbols at landfill sites and know what to dispose where. (. . .) ‘This is my choice’/religious education: I should know examples of children’s rights."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "I should be able to discuss Cain and Abel and talk about jealousy, sin and violence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0140__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "I shall be a good friend and say nice things to my peers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Work plans representing this programme form addressed pupils directly and concretely identified the competencies that the pupils should acquire."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0141__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The list of competencies can be regarded as a guideline that pupils use when preparing for tests or doing homework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0141__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some of the work plans also contained template-based self-evaluation tools that allowed pupils to assess the extent to which they had mastered a particular achievement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0141__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The goals listed in these work plans pointed to a future mastery of the content and were therefore clearly future oriented, like the one in Table Example 2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Example 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0142__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "School 2.7, week 47, fourth grade."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Learning goal\nDialogue between the child and parents\nNorwegian: I can write a story with an introduction, main section and ending."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0143__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "English: I can name eight different professions in English."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0143__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Social: I enter the classroom quietly (door frame rule)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0144", "paragraph_index": 144, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0144__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cannot"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0145", "paragraph_index": 145, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0145__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Can a bit"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0146", "paragraph_index": 146, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0146__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Can"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0147", "paragraph_index": 147, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0147__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conditional programme forms"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0148", "paragraph_index": 148, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0148__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In work plans representing conditional programme forms, no learning goals are mentioned."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0148__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Work plans in this category usually present the main topics on which a class will focus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0148__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Like in Table Example 3, the subject matter content is described in a few words or brief sentences."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0149", "paragraph_index": 149, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0149__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Example 3.: School 6.3, week 48, first grade."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0150", "paragraph_index": 150, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0150__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Learning goal"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0151", "paragraph_index": 151, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0151__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Maths: Chapter 7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0151__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Measuring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0151__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We compare sizes and measure with nonstandardised measurement units."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0151__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We learn the days of the week and review the numbers 1–10 (p. 23–27)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0152", "paragraph_index": 152, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0152__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "English: ‘Creepy crawlies’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0152__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We learn words for some insects: ant–maur, bee–bie, centipede–tusenben, grasshopper–gresshoppe, ladybug–marihøne, snail–snegle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0153", "paragraph_index": 153, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0153__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Norwegian: We learn the letter D/d."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0153__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We work with letters and sounds (p. 85–92 in the workbook)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0154", "paragraph_index": 154, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0154__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared to other programme forms, it is interesting that the learning content in this example is described using ‘we’."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0154__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This implies that the teacher experiences the learning situation together with the pupils in class as a common ‘we’, with both being responsible for progress."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0154__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The learning content gives no information on how pupils can determine whether they have mastered the content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0155", "paragraph_index": 155, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0155__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Combined programme forms"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156", "paragraph_index": 156, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Undefined combination of conditional and purposive Forms\nThe work plans provide an overview of the weekly learning objectives, including both descriptions of subject matter content (conditional form, present content) and competence-oriented descriptions of what pupils should be able to do (purposive form, present and future learning)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The logic determining whether goals are presented in a traditional way or as competence goals is unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The overview of goals and content is an arbitrary mixture of what will be learned, like illustrated in Table Example 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The learning goals are formulated in diverse ways (‘you are able to’, ‘to know’, ‘you shall recognize’ etc.), whereas the conditional form mentions only the topic of a lesson (‘Christianity’)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0156__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is a slight tendency to use purposive forms in the case of subjects such as mathematics, Norwegian, English, social studies and science and to use conditional forms in the case of religion, music, and social behaviour in class."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157", "paragraph_index": 157, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By identifying various objectives and topics, the work plans inform the pupils and their parents of what the pupils are expected to learn and achieve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Compared to other work plans, the lists representing this programme form are merely informative and nonbinding, as they are relatively unclear on some aspects of the content (e.g. ‘know the New Testament’; pupils should ‘play, improvise and experiment’)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, some goals refer to present abilities and proficiency and are presented in a clearly purposive style."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They are formulated in diverse ways, ranging from a very impersonal approach to directly addressed goals, such as ‘you should be able to’."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0157__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Overall, work plans of this kind represent an undefined distribution of responsibility and leave space for individual pupils to define the extent of their efforts and the degree of responsibility that they will assume for their learning."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0158", "paragraph_index": 158, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0158__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Structured combination of conditional and purposive forms\nThis programme form identifies learning goals in a purposive way (‘I can’, ‘I know’) and, in addition, lists the content to be addressed in the coming week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0158__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The work plans in this category clearly distinguish between goals and topics, which are sometimes presented in the timetable of a work plan, like shown in Table Example5."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0159", "paragraph_index": 159, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0159__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Example 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0159__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "School 3.1, week 48, fourth grade."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0159__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Week plan (timetable)—Tuesday."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0160", "paragraph_index": 160, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0160__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gathering\nNorwegian: exercise with words\nReading\nMaths: kilometres\nBreak: outside\nEnglish: nouns\nBreak: eat outside\nSwimming: jumping into deep water, distance swimming\nBreak\nReligion: Judaism"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0161", "paragraph_index": 161, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0161__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Learning goals\nMaths: To know that 1 km = 1,000 metres and to be able to convert the two."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0161__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Norwegian: To master normal words with the kj sound; to learn what various words mean; to practice writing words correctly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0161__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Master better: reading, handwriting, reading comprehension."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0162", "paragraph_index": 162, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0162__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "English: To be able to write short descriptive sentences about a picture; to know what ‘a’ and ‘an’ mean; to know how to say nouns in both the singular and plural"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0163", "paragraph_index": 163, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0163__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The overview of topics and themes to be studied is merely informative."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0163__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pupils and their parents are not held directly accountable; rather, the lists of learning goals in these plans can be used to evaluate a pupil’s progress."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0163__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As in the case of undefined combinations of conditional and purposive forms, learning goals are displayed for subjects such as maths, Norwegian and English but not for religious education and swimming."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0163__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One reason may be that it is easier and more meaningful to formulate learning goals for the abovementioned subjects, which are often regarded as carrying higher status than subjects such as religious education, sports and arts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0164", "paragraph_index": 164, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0164__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some of the work plans of this kind contained a box in which the pupils and/or their parents had to evaluate whether the pupils were mastering, were not mastering, or had not yet satisfactorily mastered a particular goal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0164__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The parents had to provide a signature beneath the evaluation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0164__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In one case, the teacher could give personal feedback to the pupil on the work plan itself (School 6.2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0165", "paragraph_index": 165, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0165__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Table Example 6, pupils and their parents are explicitly held accountable for the former’s progress."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0165__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The purposive aspect of this programme form is not limited to presenting learning goals, as the self-evaluation checkbox also indicates the future mastering of the learning goals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0165__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By providing their signatures, parents confirm that they feel responsible for and are monitoring their children’s learning progress."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0166", "paragraph_index": 166, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0166__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Example 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0166__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "School 2.3, week 48, first grade."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0167", "paragraph_index": 167, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0167__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Learning goal\nNorwegian: Can write and read the letters ‘h’ and ‘k’\nMaths: Can count forward and backward from 0–10\nEnglish: Can say ‘I want a . . . ’, ‘ I like . . . ’ and ‘I don’t like . . . ’"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0168", "paragraph_index": 168, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0168__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is able to"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0169", "paragraph_index": 169, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0169__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is a little bit able to"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0170", "paragraph_index": 170, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0170__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cannot"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0171", "paragraph_index": 171, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0171__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Self-evaluation should be done at home with parents every Friday."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0171__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Parents provide their signature here to confirm that the self-evaluation has been done."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0172", "paragraph_index": 172, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0172__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Signature:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0173", "paragraph_index": 173, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0173__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interrelated combination of conditional and purposive forms\nThis programme form features a threefold approach to presenting learning content and goals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0173__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In relation to an overview of content matter and a list of learning goals, this type of work plan features a column labelled vurdering (assessment, evaluation), which provides information on how pupils, parents and teachers can determine whether pupils have mastered a particular goal."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0174", "paragraph_index": 174, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0174__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The three points of the list in Table Example 7, ‘goal’, ‘evaluation’ and ‘at school’, present an interrelated, self-contained preparation of content that reflects what teachers are supposed to do in their preparation for class."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0174__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The evaluation is not addressed to anyone in particular, and the description of learning content and goals is non-directive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0175", "paragraph_index": 175, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0175__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Beyond the forms presented above, there are also work plans that provide no information on learning goals or learning content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0175__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such work plans contain only homework, practical information, and a timetable (which occasionally identifies topics for some lessons)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0176", "paragraph_index": 176, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0176__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Discussion"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177", "paragraph_index": 177, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have analysed how teachers used various work plan formats to coordinate the school- and homework of pupils."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A work plan guides pupils’ activities in schools and at the same time informs parents, who are expected to help their children with their homework."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the plan is designed to serve as a social contract between the school and the pupils’ homes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We collected plans that teachers gave to pupils in the first and fourth grades in various regions of Norway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For analytical purposes, we used a typology that distinguishes between two decision schemes that characterize the formats of the work plans: a purposive planning style, which in educational terms limits Bildung by specifying learning outcomes, and a conditional planning style, which gives directions for what to do while providing an open future and a spectrum of learning possibilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0177__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "According to Luhmann [12], these schemes represent two programme forms that structure communication within an organization, such as a school."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0178", "paragraph_index": 178, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0178__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three research questions guided our inquiry: (1) Do teachers outline broad aims and content in work plans with a conditional programme that implies restrained teaching, and/or do they apply objectives and assessment criteria to specify content and outcomes that make teaching an instrumental pursuit? ( 2) How do work plans combine curriculum components that potentially nest programme forms by detailing what pupils are going to study, do and accomplish? ( 3) How do such nested programme forms imply openness and a reflective practice along with educational principles of Bildung?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0179", "paragraph_index": 179, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0179__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first research question addresses how teachers’ work-plan designs reflect various programme forms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0179__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As our study demonstrates, a substantial proportion of work plans are purposively oriented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0179__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The discursive studies of Oldervik [8] and Rambø and Tønnessen [9] found similar results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0179__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rambø and Tønnessen [9, p. 31] conclude that the work plans reflect a ‘neoliberal ideology of governance’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0180", "paragraph_index": 180, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0180__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Discourse analyses can provide insight into how ideologies shape curriculum practices, but such analyses cannot identify how systems and combinations of programme forms may structure the ongoing communication between teachers, pupils and parents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0180__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Neither does this perspective provide insights into the conditions that are essential to developing curriculum practices that correspond to a Bildung-oriented approach to teaching."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0181", "paragraph_index": 181, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0181__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By using our analytical framework for curriculum analysis (see Table 1), we demonstrated that some work plans were highly purposively oriented, while others focused on conditions only, such as content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0181__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of 107 cases, we found that 38 represented genuinely purposive programme forms in terms of the competencies and/or skills that pupils were expected to master."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0181__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Traditional conditional forms constituted a minority of 16 cases, and eight cases employed alternative forms (e.g. work plans that contained no information on what was to be taught in the coming week)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0181__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These results indicate that purposive programme forms have become an important part of Norwegian teachers’ curriculum planning practises."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0182", "paragraph_index": 182, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0182__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our second research question aimed to identify how work plans combine curriculum components that potentially nest programme forms by detailing what pupils are going to study, do and accomplish."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0182__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The most common approach to presenting subject matter content was combining purposive and conditional programme forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0182__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In 44 cases, teachers presented their aims and objectives both conditionally (by indicating the basic topics and themes of instruction) and purposively (by mentioning some competence goals that pupils were expected to achieve)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0182__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our analysis identified three distinct types of combined form: undefined, structured and interrelated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0183", "paragraph_index": 183, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0183__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the undefined combinations of conditional and purposive planning forms, precise goals were blended with traditional descriptions of content matter without following any apparent logic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0183__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found a slight tendency to use purposive forms in subjects such as maths, Norwegian, English, social studies and science and to use conditional forms for religion, music and social behaviour in class."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0184", "paragraph_index": 184, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0184__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Structured combinations, however, clearly distinguish between goals and topics by identifying learning goals and providing lists of the content matter to be addressed in the coming week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0184__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some teachers formulated content matter in a purposive way only in maths, Norwegian and English, whereas they presented content matter in a conditional form in subjects such as religion or physical education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0184__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some even used different approaches within individual subjects by presenting content matter that could easily be formulated as precise goals alongside general topics to be discussed in class at school."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185", "paragraph_index": 185, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interrelated combinations offer a self-contained preparation of the content by explicating learning goals, how those goals are to be evaluated and the content matter to be discussed in class."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The three parts are interrelated and thus reflect a consistent preparation for class."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These interrelated combinations included self-evaluation tools, placing responsibility for learning progress on the pupils and their parents, who become accountable for the former’s learning progress."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The predominant use of combined forms indicates that the full variety of school subjects cannot be covered only by identifying objectives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0185__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Diverse combinations of conditional and purposive programme forms allow various amounts of space for describing the subject content matter; teachers seem to believe it necessary to complement precise cognitive learning goals with descriptions of content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186", "paragraph_index": 186, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our third research question aimed to identify and discuss the limiting and delimiting implications of combining various programme forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We considered how nested programme forms imply openness and a reflective practice along with principles of Bildung."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Employing sociological system theory, we argue that several challenges arise due to the emphasis on cognitive learning outcomes and the associated combinations of programme forms in curriculum planning practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "According to Luhmann [12], a purposive programme form is typical for decision-making processes that become highly instrumentalised."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In today’s globalized, advanced society, Luhmann [12] argues that this programme form creates more uncertainty than a conditional programme form and therefore a greater degree of risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For example, calculations of the risk of not achieving the expected outcomes in the future are at the centre of decision-making processes that follow a purposive logic or style of reasoning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this case, a work plan will present decision schemes that aim to minimize risks and manage pupils’ expected performance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Through the calculation of risk (for example, with the help of tests and screenings), teachers in the present attempt to determine the future by specifying goals and assessment criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Thereby, they try to minimize the chance that their pupils will not meet the external expectations in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A purposively oriented work plan may thus be described as a communication form intended to minimize the risks of not accomplishing the expected learning outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0186__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Moreover, pupils’ not achieving the identified goals may be seen as a problem demanding action, the remedy for which might be individual differentiation based on pupils’ capabilities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0187", "paragraph_index": 187, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0187__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conditional oriented work plan is intended to create a variety of opportunities for learning outcomes within a framework based on the negative ‘only if not–then’ coordinating principle [12, p. 263]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188", "paragraph_index": 188, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, a substantial number of cases are purposively oriented in our material, for example, by including self-evaluation schemes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Teachers design this kind of work plan to evaluate the outcomes of teaching and learning processes among pupils."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most often, these purposively oriented work plans specified expected individual achievements at distinct levels after a given period (normally one week)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, teachers, pupils and their parents were all exposed to risk calculation and management, or what Knapp and Hopmann [40] call gap management strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These strategies result from the increasing tendency of public welfare providers to be more concerned about the quality of their systems than about the responsibilities they provide by means of their mandates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Moreover, measurements and calculations are considered helpful instruments and important tools in quality assurance systems used to improve services to achieve particular goals or outcomes in the future."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0188__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In accordance with Luhmann’s [12] description of the purposive oriented programme form, a general assumption of gap management strategies is the expectation that future decisions may be causally controlled through measurements and calculations, which can also imply radical shifts in terms of both the semantics used and the curriculum programme forms that are applied based on didactic rationales."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0189", "paragraph_index": 189, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0189__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One adaption based on the logic of purposive programme forms is the use of assessments as a key element in teaching practices and the analysis of policies and practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0189__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this tradition, assessment-oriented teaching means steadily learning to learn and adopting best practices [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0189__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For teachers, this means fostering self-governed pupils who can be their own teachers from an early age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0189__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this context, ‘good teaching’ is learner centred in that all parties focus on pupils’ active learning and teachers respond to and account for diversity among pupils based on an outcome-oriented understanding of learning [42]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190", "paragraph_index": 190, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important question is whether gap management, which does not limit a school’s areas of responsibility, offers teachers the freedom to select and organize subject matter content and prepare for learning activities in line with a Bildung approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another important question is whether a risk orientation will standardize teaching procedures and reduce teachers’ professional latitude in making decisions and limit their options in terms of promoting pupils’ autonomy and engagement in meaning-making processes in the classroom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such gap management strategies and the subsequent risk orientation increasingly draw attention to individual rights and achievements, such as individually adapted education and the right to special education [43]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One paradoxical consequence of the revealed gap management strategies and the associated risk calculations may be that schools will consider a growing number of pupils as being at risk of not meeting the given standards and thus will perceive them as a problem, not in accordance with the expected norms [44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The risk calculations are based on technical rationales in which learning is measured in terms of individual achievements based on a set of predefined standards; the next step may be the construction of what Hörmann [45][26] calls a ‘paradigm of individualization’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because educational achievement in this regime takes individual pupils and their performance as the point of departure, the main task of teaching is to improve each pupil’s performance in accordance with a set of defined objectives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Within such a framework, teaching becomes an activity in which the exercise of skills is the key to success; when pupils’ performance falls below the defined benchmark, teaching and support are regarded as compensating instruments for remediating pupils’ deficiencies [45]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0190__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This approach may result in the standardization of teaching methods, which would eschew the licencing principle and the restrained approach, both of which enable future possibilities by promoting meaning-making processes in the classroom."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191", "paragraph_index": 191, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Not surprisingly, however, due to the long tradition of a conditionally oriented national curriculum in Norway, a large proportion of cases in our material included detailed presentations of teaching content, either in lists of learning objectives or described more broadly in lists of content matter to be taught in the coming week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Researchers such as Kelly [46] characterize this tradition as instrumental, as it mediates past decisions that predict current practices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, they advocate more learning-oriented practices, in which competencies become the focus of attention."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We argue, however, that conditionally oriented work plans encourage pupil participation in meaning-making processes while being restrained only by the content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A curriculum practice that follows from a conditionally oriented programme form facilitates open-ended expectations regarding the accomplishment of learning goals despite a predefinition of content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From this point of view, the curriculum justifies a broad orientation to content and learning activities with ‘a multitude of interpretations of content and opportunities for pupils to contribute to the various interpretations’ through teaching communication [13, p. 286]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, an approach to teaching that is constrained through the imposition of conditions that frame teaching does not necessarily prescribe learning in the end."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0191__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Rather, when teachers and pupils engage in dialogue restrained by conditional programmes, pupils have opportunities to prepare for the future by becoming more autonomous."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192", "paragraph_index": 192, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our analysis, we discovered that teachers preferred to combine purposive and conditional forms, perhaps because it is difficult to plan teaching and learning activities without describing content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conditions are important in guiding and supporting pupils by providing them with information that describes what to learn and do, which contributes to meaning-making communication and managing expectations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, an interesting finding is that, in cases in which purposive and conditional programme forms were combined, content was more limited in scope than in conditionally oriented cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such combined forms identify expectations that hold pupils accountable for their learning through self-evaluation and through parents’ or teachers’ coordination of assessment activities (e.g. through parents’ providing signatures to verify that pupils have done the required work) and the learning progress (e.g. through the employment of assessment measures by teachers)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the case of combined forms, Bildung is constrained to a lesser or greater extent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Both undefined and structured combinations allow for Bildung for those parts in which teachers describe traditional content matter in specific subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our empirical analysis found that the teachers’ manner of presenting content in subjects such as religion, physical education, arts and social science resonated best with the ideas of Bildung."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In the core subjects, such as maths, Norwegian and English, teachers more often focused on simple assessment-oriented descriptions of basic skills."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0192__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This was expected, as such subjects are associated with literacy and numeracy, which are subject to both national and local testing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0193", "paragraph_index": 193, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0193__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The limitations of meaning-making processes and pupils’ autonomy in their learning processes are of greatest concern in the context of risk orientation and teaching within the frames of a purposively oriented programme form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0193__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When teaching planning is purposively oriented, it begins with learning goals and outcomes as the core parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0193__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Communication is constrained by formulations of learning outcomes and calculations of whether certain outcomes may not be achieved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0193__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pupils should perform in accordance with a set of defined objectives, a precondition that gives teachers fewer opportunities to adapt content and adjust expectations about learning results to contextual conditions and through communication with pupils regarding the latter’s experiences, progress and interests."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0194", "paragraph_index": 194, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0194__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The purposive approach to curriculum practices assumes teaching and learning situations with more disciplined pupils who can adapt their work to goals and content that are irrelevant to their scope of interest."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0194__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We claim that purposively oriented forms of planning, including when they are combined with conditional forms, reduce opportunities for Bildung and consequently the opportunities to enhance pupil’s autonomy through teaching."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0194__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, and paradoxically in the context of risk orientation, this could lead to constrained teaching processes with far more limited opportunities for teachers to adapt teaching to the pupils’ needs and sense of mastery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0195", "paragraph_index": 195, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0195__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within a conditional programme form, communication is restrained contextually by a focus on progression in terms of school content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0195__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Communication within these frames or delimitations provides possibilities for developing teachers’ and pupils’ autonomy in creating meaning-making processes through which mature, self-disciplined and self-governed pupils develop as an indirect consequence of public Bildung."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0196", "paragraph_index": 196, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0196__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0197", "paragraph_index": 197, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0197__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0198", "paragraph_index": 198, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0198__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Notes on contributors"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0199", "paragraph_index": 199, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0199__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dr.polit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0199__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Kari Bachmann is the dean at the faculty of Business Administration and Social Sciences at Molde University College, and Researcher II at Møreforskning (Møre Research)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0199__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Her research interests are education and health reform and governance, didactics, school development, adaptive and inclusive education and psychosocial learning environment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0199__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Contact: Kari.Bachmann@himolde.no"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0200", "paragraph_index": 200, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0200__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bernadette Hörmann is a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Oslo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0200__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Her postdoctoral research project is a comparative study about externalization in curriculum-making processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0200__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Her research interests are school reforms in an international and comparative perspective, school and curriculum theory, didactics, and students’ lived experience of schooling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0200__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Contact: bernadette.hormann@iped.uio.no"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201", "paragraph_index": 201, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dr. Kirsten Sivesind, is an associate professor in the Department of Education, University of Oslo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Her main fields of academic interest are curriculum and didactics, knowledge history, and comparative policy studies in education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Her publications include ‘Mixed Images and Merging Semantics in European Curricula’ (Journal of Curriculum Studies, 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "She currently serves as the principle investigator in a five-country study titled ‘Policy Knowledge and Lesson Drawing in Nordic School Reform in an Era of International Comparison’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__critique__p0201__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Contact: kirsten.sivesind@iped.uio.no"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_931__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0202", "paragraph_index": 202, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some might fear that the local flavours of education will evaporate when encountering the hegemony of global, cognitive standards of the knowledge economy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This paper, however, shows that the evolution of curriculum can emerge in surprising directions, creating hybrid forms of education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We will investigate forms of meaning that emerge in Norwegian curriculum in the timespan 1988-2020, and show how systems theory can contribute to studying curriculum changes in a temporal perspective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The empirical case for investigation, is a diverse range of material, documenting curriculum changes in the mentioned period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Concepts from the late Luhmann’s 'theory of distinctions’ will thus be used to give meaning to the emergence of school reforms in Norway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The paper shows that Norwegian policy makers use increasingly complex deparadoxification strategies to deal with an uncertain future, conceptualized as externalization, oscillation, asymmetrisation, and internalization (re-entry)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is most pertinently demonstrated in the latest Norwegian reform LK20, in which a new, hybrid, 'temporal' construct of education, called “new-old-curriculum” or 'competence-Bildung’ emerges."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0202__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We thus contribute to the field of curriculum studies by observing how changing observations of the past and future fuel and legitimize the evolution of new reforms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0203", "paragraph_index": 203, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0203__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the nineties, curriculum making has been characterized by global pervasiveness and great diversity across state school systems [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0203__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As part of the global alignment in curriculum making, Norway, as other European states, has moved from being primarily based on inputs and Didaktik, to being more concerned with outputs and teacher efficiency [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0203__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This relates to Hopmann’s observations of a shift from process-control to product-control in state curriculum making, and the associated description of the way western states deal with welfare problems shifting from ‘management by placements’ towards ‘management by expectations’ [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0203__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The latter strategy entails a tendency to solve ill-defined problems with more clearly defined expectations, such as benchmarks, goals and standards, made visible by the massive impact of internationalized accountability policies [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0204", "paragraph_index": 204, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0204__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is now a substantial amount of research that discusses the global convergence of accountability-policies and out-put and competency-based models for curriculum control, although variation exists in terms of explaining why such global ideas spread and what happens to them in the encounter with national and local curriculum contexts [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0204__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the spatialized processes of curriculum making in a global, complex world seems to be a rather well-covered research theme, however, the temporal aspects of curriculum making is, except for a few recent studies [5], a rather unexplored field of curriculum research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0205", "paragraph_index": 205, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0205__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is pertinent to assume that the shift towards product-and output-control has consequences for the construction of time in curriculum making."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0205__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following a line of thought from Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory, curriculum-makers now deal with risks by constructing cognitive expectations on the basis of prospective, future conditions [6], rather than referring to past decisions, heritage or tradition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0205__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, one can assume that in a regime of ‘management by expectations’, the future, rather than the past, becomes the reference point for curriculum-changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0205__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, efforts at turning to the past by restoring tradition and a lost moral heritage in curriculum making can also be observed [7], reflecting what Zygmunt Baumann calls the ‘retrotopia’ of an ideal past."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0206", "paragraph_index": 206, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0206__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The contribution of this paper lies in understanding the complex evolution of global educational reforms as a temporal process in which policymakers try to come to terms with an uncertain future by reconciling the educational present with conceptions of the future and the past [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0206__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To do so, we will analyse curriculum changes in Norway through concepts from the late Luhmann’s ‘theory of difference’, to give meaning to the different communicative strategies used by Norwegian policy makers, in their efforts at dealing with complexity and an uncertain future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0206__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The empirical case for investigation is a diverse range of material, documenting curriculum changes in Norway in the time span of 1988–2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0206__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, processes related to the newest reform in Norway, Renewal of the Knowledge Promotion Reform (LK20), implemented in 2020, will be at the forefront of the analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "931", "paragraph_id": "triad_931__response__p0207", "paragraph_index": 207, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0207__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This temporal analytical approach will add complexity and richness to our understanding of new curriculum reforms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0207__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The paper illuminates how policymakers, in their attempts at reconciling present pasts and present futures in curriculum making processes, are faced with paradoxes and indeterminacies that needs to be solved communicatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_931__response__p0207__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The paper suggests that in the period of 1988–2020, Norwegian policy makers use increasingly complex de-paradoxification strategies to solve curricular indeterminacies, finally resulting in hybridization of ‘old-’ and ‘new curriculum’ in the newest reform LK20."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_931/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2888312716_W3169949190_W3190741576", "triad_name": "triad_931", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_931__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In magnetotelluric (MT) surveys localized heterogeneities in con- ductivity near the Earth's surface distort the electromagnetic (EM) response produced by the underlying or 'regional' conductivity structure under investigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the period of the MT signal increases, inductive (i.e. period- or frequency-dependent) effects produced by the (localized) near-surface structures decrease and eventually become negligible compared with the inductive response produced by the regional conductivity structure (e.g. Jiracek 1990)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus for periods greater than some minimum value, which de- pends on the length scale, geometry and conductivities involved, the distortion produced in the regional EM field is virtually inde- pendent of period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Except in unusual cases where the distortion of the regional current density is very severe, the horizontal mag- netic field components are not significantly affected and the dis- tortion in the EM field is almost entirely confined to the electric field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Under these conditions, the horizontal components of the ob- served magnetic field are to a good approximation the same as the corresponding (unperturbed) components of the regional magnetic field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The distortion of the electric field is caused by the charge formed at the boundaries of the near-surface conductivity heterogeneity by the flux of regional current through the heterogeneity or by the topog- raphy near the measurement location (Jiracek 1990)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The secondary or scattered electric field produced by the charge distorts the pattern of regional current flow in a localized area encompassing the het- erogeneity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this reason, the frequency-independent distortions of the electric field that are the subject of this paper are termed galvanic distortions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Galvanic distortions are commonly observed in MT sur- veys and also occur in direct current (DC) resistivity and active- source EM methods that use measurements of the electric field to probe the subsurface (e.g. Caldwell & Bibby 1998; Caldwell et al. 2002)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the amplitude of the observed electric field may be drastically distorted by a near-surface heterogeneity, the phase rela- tionship between the electric and (horizontal) magnetic field vectors will be virtually unaffected if the distortion is galvanic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That is, the phase relationship will be the same as would be observed in the absence of the distortion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In essence, MT distortion analysis seeks to recover the regional phase relationship from a set of distorted measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The amplitude and phase relationships between the horizontal components of the electric and magnetic fields are represented by a frequency-dependent impedance tensor; a second-rank, two di- mensional (2-D) tensor with four complex components."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Each com- ponent of the impedance tensor can be associated with a phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, only where the conductivity distribution has a high de- gree of symmetry and the impedance tensor has a simple form will the component phases be simply related to the phase difference be- tween linearly polarized components of the horizontal electric and magnetic fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In situations where the regional response has been distorted, the amplitude and phase of the individual components of the regional impedance tensor will be mixed among the components of the observed impedance tensor complicating the phase relation- ship between the fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0003__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In this case, or if the regional conductivity structure is 3-D, the electric field response will (in general) be el- liptically polarized for a linearly polarized magnetic field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous approaches to MT distortion analysis have all assumed that the regional conductivity structure is either 1-D or 2-D. With this assumption, the amplitude and phase relationships between the horizontal components of the regional EM field can be represented by an impedance tensor with two non-zero components."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reviews of previous approaches to MT distortion analysis can be found in Jiracek (1990), Bruton (1994), Smith (1995), Ritter (1996) and McNeice & Jones (2001)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this paper we will demonstrate how the regional phase information can be recovered directly from the ob- served impedance tensor where both the near-surface heterogeneity and regional conductivity structures are 3-D."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The distortion produced by a localized conductivity heterogeneity on the regional electric field E R (i.e. the field that would be observed at the surface in the absence of the heterogeneity) can be represented by the equation E(ω) = E R (ω) + E S (ω), (1) where E is the observed electric field, E S is the scattered or sec- ondary electric field produced by the action of the regional field on the conductivity heterogeneity and ω is the angular frequency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As- suming that inductive effects are negligible and that E R does not vary significantly over the lateral extent of the conductivity heterogene- ity (Groom & Bahr 1992; Chave & Smith 1994) the scattered field E S is to a good approximation linearly proportional to the regional electric field E R ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With these assumptions eq. ( 1) may be rewritten in terms of a frequency-independent linear operator or distortion ma- trix (D) that maps the regional electric field vector into the distorted field E observed at the surface."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That is E(ω) = DE R (ω), (2) where the 2 × 2 matrix D (a second rank, 2-D tensor) is real."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is equivalent to saying that the observed electric field is a linear superposition of the regional field and a scattered electric field (E S ) that is in-phase with the regional field (e.g. Bahr 1988, 1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Note that since D is real, if the regional electric field is linearly polarized the distorted electric field is also linearly polarized although not usually in the same direction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a Cartesian coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 ) the distortion tensor can be written as the matrix D = d 11 d 12 d 21 d 22 , (3) where the components d ij depend on the position of the observation point, the shape of the heterogeneity and its conductivity; all of which are unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In situations where eq. ( 2) is valid, the horizontal components of the observed magnetic field, denoted by H throughout this paper, are (to a good approximation) equal to the corresponding components of the regional field H R and"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conditions under which eqs (2) and (4) are good approximations are discussed in Groom & Bahr (1992), Singer (1992), Chave & Smith (1994) and Utada & Munekane (2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The amplitude and phase relationships between the horizontal com- ponents of the EM field observed at the surface are represented by the impedance tensor Z defined by the relationship"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general (i.e. where the conductivity distribution is 3-D), Z is a non-symmetric tensor and can be thought of as a (complex) linear operator that transforms a linearly polarized magnetic field into an elliptically polarized electric field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The regional impedance tensor is similarly defined i.e."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Assuming that a galvanic distortion is present then (from eqs 2, 3, 5 and 6) E = DE R = D(Z R H R ) = (DZ R )H (7) and thus the relationship between the observed (distorted) and re- gional impedance tensors is"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Separating the complex impedance tensors into their real (X) and imaginary (Y) parts, we can write:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, from eq. ( 8):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since D is unknown the amplitude information contained in Z R can- not be recovered from Z without other independent information (e.g. Smith 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, since D is real the essential phase relation- ship between the horizontal components of the regional electric and magnetic fields must be unaffected by the distortion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is the nature and determination of the phase relationship in a situation where the conductivity structure is 3-D that is addressed below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The phase of a complex number is defined from the ratio of its real and imaginary parts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This relationship can be generalized to a complex matrix or tensor."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, we define the phase tensor by the relation Φ = X −1 Y, (13) where X −1 (a tensor) is the inverse of X and Φ is real."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( Formally, eq. ( 13) is a particular contraction of the tensor product of X −1 and Y.) The relationship between the phase tensors of the observed and regional impedance tensors can be derived directly from eqs (11) and (12), i.e."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus the observed and regional phase tensors are identical and are independent of the distortion tensor, consistent with the behaviour expected for the phase on physical grounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note, no assumption about the nature or dimensionality of the regional conductivity struc- ture is required and eq. ( 14) is applicable where the conductivity structure is 3-D."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Written in terms of the real and imaginary components of Z in a Cartesian coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 ), the phase tensor Φ can be written as the matrix"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the regional conductivity structure is both isotropic and 1-D (i.e. the conductivity varies only with depth), the impedance tensor in a Cartesian coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 ) has the form"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus (from eq. 15) Φ 1D = Y 1D /X 1D 0 0 Y 1D /X 1D = (Y 1D / X 1D )I = tan(φ)I (18) where I is the identity matrix, and Φ is characterized by a single scalar quantity equal to the tangent of the conventional MT phase for a 1-D structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that the tensor form in eq. ( 18) is invari- ant under rotation; i.e. the regional electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular and independent of the direction of polarization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Just as a vector is characterized by its direction and magnitude, a real second-rank, 2-D tensor is characterized (in the general case) by a direction and three independent scalar quantities that are in- dependent of the coordinate system used to express the tensor, i.e. by three coordinate invariants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since any function of the invariants is also coordinate invariant many different ways of expressing the invariants are possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this paper we will adopt one of the repre- sentations used by Bibby (1986) in his analysis of the DC apparent resistivity tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The coordinate invariants that we will use are the maximum ( max ) and minimum ( min ) tensor values, simple func- tions of the tensor components given in the Appendix, and the skew angle β given by the expression"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This angle can be thought of as a rotation and is a measure of the tensor's asymmetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that β depends on the tensor's skew ( 12 − 21 ), which is invariant under rotation but changes sign if the coordinate system is reflected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Expressed in terms of these quantities, the phase tensor can be writ- ten in the form:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where R(α + β) is the rotation matrix"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "R T is the transposed or inverse rotation matrix, i.e. R T (θ) = R −1 (θ) = R(−θ), and"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This angle expresses the tensor's dependence on the coordinate sys- tem and with the three coordinate invariants completely defines the tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that eq. ( 20) has the same form as the singular value de- composition (SVD) of a square matrix (e.g. Press et al. 1986)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the maximum and minimum values max and min are the principal or singular values of Φ. Since the SVD parameters have explicit forms (eqs 19, 22, A8 and A9) their standard errors can be deter- mined explicitly if the variances and covariances of the impedance tensor components are known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The invariance of the principal values and skew angle can be demonstrated by rotating the Cartesian coordinate system used to express the tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rotating by an angle θ,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the phase tensor is symmetric (β = 0) the principal values of the tensor are equal to its eigenvalues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This situation occurs where the regional conductivity distribution is mirror symmetric, e.g. where the regional conductivity distribution is 1-D or 2-D. Where Φ is symmetric and has equal principal values, such as is the case if the conductivity distribution is uniform or 1-D, the electric field will be linearly polarized if the magnetic field is linearly polarized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the 2-D case, the principal values will usually be distinct (i.e. max = min ) and there will be two directions for which a linearly polarized magnetic field will give rise to a linearly polarized electric field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the 2-D response is not distorted these two directions will be orthogonal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In all other directions the electric field will be elliptically polarized."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Any second-rank, non-symmetric 2-D tensor can be represented graphically by an ellipse (e.g. Bibby 1986) and the quantities in eq. ( 20) have simple interpretations in terms of the properties of the tensor ellipse illustrated in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, the major and minor axes of the ellipse depict the principal axes and values of the tensor with the orientation of the major axis specified by the angle α − β."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that where the phase tensor is symmetric (i.e. β = 0) the orientation of the major axis is given by α."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the general (3-D) case, the skew angle (β) is non-zero and represents the rotation of the major axis of the phase tensor ellipse away from an identically shaped ellipse represented by a symmetric tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A simple method of constructing the tensor ellipse is described in the Appendix."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The simplest example of this representation is the tensor ellipse for a uniform conductivity half-space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this case, a circle of unit ra- dius represents the phase tensor at all periods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More generally, if the conductivity is both isotropic and 1-D, the radius of the circle will vary with period according to the variation of the conductivity with depth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, the radius will increase if the conductivity increases with depth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the 1-D case, or in a situation where the conductivity distribution is cylindrically symmetric about the mea- surement point, α is undefined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In practice this means that if the conductivity is 1-D the value of α will be unstable due to noise in the observed data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Whether or not α is significant within the uncer- tainties of the observed (and perhaps distorted) data may be tested using the expected properties of the phase tensor invariants as sig- nificance criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In particular, if the difference in the lengths of the major and minor axes ( max − min ) is less than the correspond- ing standard error then α is insignificant and the tensor ellipse is indistinguishable from a circle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Where a half-space has a uniform but horizontally anisotropic con- ductivity (i.e. where one of the principal axes of the conductivity tensor is aligned vertically) the conductivity is mirror symmetric about the horizontal principal axes and the phase tensor skew an- gle β = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a Cartesian coordinate system with axes aligned with the principal axes of the conductivity tensor, the impedance tensor has an antidiagonal form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in contrast to an isotropic half- space (eq. 16), the magnitudes of the off-diagonal components of the impedance tensor for the anisotropic case are different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conse- quently, the amplitude of the electric field will vary as the direction of the magnetic field polarization changes but the phase difference between the electric and magnetic fields will not."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, the phase tensor is also represented by a unit circle (Φ = I) in the case of a uniform horizontally anisotropic half-space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This means that if the magnetic field is linearly polarized, the electric field is also lin- early polarized but will be perpendicular to the magnetic field only where the polarization directions coincide with the directions of the principal axes of the conductivity tensor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a horizontally layered situation where an isotropic layer (or layers) overlies an anisotropic half-space, any difference (or split) between the principal phases is a consequence of the conductivity contrast at the boundary between the isotropic and anisotropic mate- rial and is not directly indicative of the underlying anisotropy of the half-space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus information pertaining directly to the anisotropy can only be obtained from the amplitude of the MT response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In practice, the difficulty is that the amplitude response may have been distorted by structure at length scales less than the depth of the anisotropic layer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More generally, the observation of a phase split between the principal phase values indicates that a conductivity gra- dient (lateral or vertical) exists, nothing more."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the 2-D case (the assumption made in previous approaches to MT distortion analysis) the strike of the regional conductivity dis- tribution defines a natural orientation for the coordinate system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a Cartesian coordinate system (x 1 , x 2 ) aligned with x 1 parallel to the (unknown) strike direction, at say an angle θ with respect to the observation coordinate system, the regional impedance tensor The magnetotelluric phase tensor 461 has the antidiagonal form: Z R = 0 Z 12 Z 21 0 = 0 Z −Z ⊥ 0 , (24) where quantities in the rotated coordinate system are denoted by a prime ( ) and Z and Z ⊥ , are the transverse electric (TE) and trans- verse magnetic (TM) impedance respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That is, Z and Z ⊥ are the impedances measured when the electric field is linearly polarized parallel or perpendicular to the strike of the conductivity distribu- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The antidiagonal form of the impedance tensor expresses the orthogonality of the electric and magnetic fields where the fields are polarized parallel or perpendicular to the strike of the conductivity structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Rotating the observed phase tensor Φ by the unknown angle θ, the phase tensor in the rotated coordinate system is given by"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since Z R is antidiagonal so are X R and Y R ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the inverse tensor (X R ) −1 is also antidiagonal."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, the matrix product (X R ) −1 Y R is diagonal and the phase tensor in the rotated coordinate system has the diagonal form:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 2, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comparing Φ (eq. 26) with the SVD form in eq. ( 20), it can be seen that the phase tensor coordinate invariants are Y ⊥ /X ⊥ , Y /X and β = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The principal values of the phase tensor for 2-D conductivity distribution are thus the tangents of the corresponding conventional TM and TE polarization phases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that the condition β = 0 is a necessary but not sufficient condition for a 2-D regional conduc- tivity structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For a 2-D structure, β must be zero at all periods greater than the minimum value for which the galvanic approxi- mation applies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In practice, what we seek is a range of frequencies where β is zero (within the observational errors) and the direction of the phase tensor major axis is constant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since β = 0 in the 2-D case, the orientation of the major axis of the phase tensor ellipse in the rotated coordinate system is given by the angle α ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus from eqs (22) and (26), α = 0 • and the major axis of the phase tensor ellipse is aligned parallel or perpendicu- lar to the strike of the (regional) conductivity distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the observer's frame of reference (i.e. in the unrotated coordinate sys- tem) the orientation of strike axis is α = θ or α = θ + 90 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The 90 • ambiguity remains since (a priori) we have no knowledge as to which of the maximum or minimum phases corresponds to the TE or TM polarization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( In practice, the ambiguity is resolved using vertical magnetic field data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": ") Note that, if the regional conductivity structure is 2-D, eq. ( 22) is an explicit expression for the direction (α) of the strike axis (or its normal), irrespective of whether or not the response has been galvanically distorted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the regional conductivity structure is 2-D there are two direc- tions for which a linearly polarized magnetic field will give rise to a linearly polarized electric field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A galvanic distortion will not change the polarization state of the EM field so that there are also two directions where the observed (distorted) electric and magnetic fields are both linearly polarized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the distortion will usu- ally change the direction of regional electric field polarization, the corresponding direction of the magnetic field will be virtually un- affected provided that the distortion of the regional current density does not significantly distort the magnetic field components (i.e. eq. 4 is a good approximation)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The problem of determining the 2-D strike direction from the distorted data is thus equivalent to identifying the direction of a linearly polarized magnetic field for which the electric field is also linearly polarized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This direction de- fines the strike direction of the regional conductivity structure or its normal."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effect of a galvanic distortion on the response of a regional 2-D conductivity distribution is illustrated in Fig. 2 using ellipses to represent all of the tensors involved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The case illustrated is a synthetic example taken from McNeice & Jones (2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that rotating Fig. 2 leaves the configuration of the ellipses unchanged; only the angle specifying the orientation of the diagram with respect to the observer changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lengths of the ellipse axes, their relative orientation with respect to each other and their orientation with respect to the conductivity distribution (i.e. with respect to the Earth) do not depend on the particular frame of reference chosen."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is these quantities (the coordinate invariants) that express the essential physical relationship between the conductivity distribution and the EM field observations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. 2(a) shows the phase tensor derived from the real (solid) and imaginary (dotted) parts of distorted impedance tensor (Fig. 2b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that the orientations of the principal axes of the phase tensor are the same as the major and minor axes of the ellipses that represent the real and imaginary parts of the regional impedance tensor (Fig. 2d)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This set of axes defines the strike axes of the regional conductivity structure, i.e. the directions in which a linearly polarized regional magnetic field give rise to a linearly polarized electric field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These ellipses, and the ones used in Fig. 2(b) to represent the observed impedance, are (polar) plots of the electric field magnitudes | E| and | E| produced by a unit-magnitude linearly polarized magnetic field drawn in the direction of the corresponding electric field vector (e.g. Bibby 1986; Caldwell et al. 2002; Appendix A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This method of graphically representing the impedance tensor has the advantage that the two sets of principal axes that characterize the (complex) impedance tensor can be simply and directly depicted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, if the regional conductivity structure is 2-D the major axes of both X R and Y R must be parallel or perpendicular to the conductivity structure as is illustrated in Fig. 2(d)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This requirement can also be expressed as a condition on the skew angles (β X and β Y ) and on the angle between the major axes of the two ellipses representing the regional impedance tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All of these quantities are coordinate invariant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the traces (another coordinate invari- ant form) of X R and Y R are zero in 2-D (eq. 24), the skew angles β X and β Y have values of ±45 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Cartesian coordinate sys- tem with axes parallel to the strike axes, the diagonal terms of the impedance tensor are both zero and α X = ± 45 • and α Y = ± 45 • ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus the condition on the angle between the major axes of the real and imaginary parts reduces to the condition that α X = α Y or α X = α Y ± 90 • ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ellipse representing the distortion tensor in Fig. 2(c) is a polar plot of the magnitude ratio |E|/|E R | in the direction of the observed electric field E. The effect of the distortion tensor on the regional impedance tensor (Fig. 2d) is to amplify or attenuate the principal values of X R and Y R by different amounts and to reorient the prin- cipal axes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus two distinct sets of principal axes are needed to characterize the observed impedance tensor as shown in Fig. 2(b)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This characteristic is indicative of a 3-D conductivity distribution, either in the neighbourhood of the measurement site or regionally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Only where further analysis shows that the phase tensor skew an- gle (β) is insignificant for all periods greater than some minimum value can we infer that the regional conductivity structure is 2-D, and thus that the observed response has been distorted by a localized conductivity heterogeneity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We will demonstrate the properties of the phase tensor in 3-D us- ing synthetic data calculated with the modelling code described in Xiong (1992) and Xiong & Tripp (1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The model used for this demonstration (Fig. 3) consists of a small conductive (10 m) cube situated near the surface and a much larger (regional) conductive (1 m) body at depth both embedded in a 100 m half-space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The cube is situated near the corner of the rectangular body in the area where 3-D effects are expected to be large."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Maps of the phase tensor ellipses at three different periods (0.0316, 0.316 and 3.16 s) with contours showing the direction of the major axes and skew angle (β) are shown in Figs 4 and 5, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Where the difference in the lengths of ellipse axes ( max and min ) is less than 2 per cent of their corresponding geometric mean (i.e. of the radius of a circle with the same area as the ellipse), the ellipses in Fig. 4 have been left unfilled."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At these locations, where the phase tensor is indistinguishable from a circle, the azimuth calculation is potentially unreliable (unstable) because of the limitations in the accuracy of the forward modelling code."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At short periods the MT response will be unaffected by the deep conductor and the observed response will reflect the influence of the near-surface body alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can be seen in the phase tensor response (Fig. 4a) as a radial alignment of the major axes around the conductive cube."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If the cube is resistive (not shown) rather than conductive the phase tensor ellipses are oriented tangentially."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This change in the orientation of the principal axes suggests that the direction of the major axes indicates the preferred flow direction of the induction current."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Support for this interpretation is provided by the induction arrows (Parkinson 1962) also shown in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These arrows are graphical representations of the real part of the vertical magnetic field transfer function or tipper vector (K) defined by the equation H z = −K·H, (27) where H z is the vertical component of the total magnetic field and H is the horizontal magnetic field vector."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In situations where the conductivity distribution varies laterally, the real part of the tipper vector will point towards the region of highest conductance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At 10 Ωm 1 Ωm 100 Ωm short periods (Fig. 4a), outside the immediate vicinity of the cube, where the conductance sensed by the EM field will be approximately cylindrically symmetric, the induction arrows and major axes of the phase tensor are parallel, consistent with the interpretation of the principal axes of the phase tensor suggested above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At intermediate periods (Fig. 4b) the alignments of the major axes reflect a mixture of the effects of both the near-surface and deep conductors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At long periods (Fig. 4c), inductive effects produced by the cube are insignificant and the deep conductor dominates the phase response, the alignment of the major axes indicating the preferred flow direction of the inductive current associated with the deep conductor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that the direction of the ellipse major axes at long periods (Fig. 4c) changes rapidly (approximately 10 • in 0.5 km) in a northwest-southeast direction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A rapid lateral change in direction of the principal axes of the phase tensor is a clear indication of a 3-D (regional) conductivity structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The corresponding maps of the phase tensor skew angle (β) are shown in Fig. 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At short periods (Fig. 5a) the skew angle is zero on the cube's axes of symmetry and greatest (although still small, about 0.25 • ) near the corners of the cube where the conductivity distribution is asymmetrically distributed around the measurement point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At intermediate periods, where the combined effects of both bodies are significant, the variation of the skew angle is more com- plicated (Fig. 5b) reflecting the asymmetric configuration of both bodies with respect to the measurement point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At longer periods (Fig. 5c) the influence of the near-surface body is insignificant and the skew angle reflects the effect of the deep conductor alone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that at longer periods the ellipse major axis and the induction arrows (Figs 4b and c) are not as closely aligned as they are at short periods (Fig. 4a)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This misalignment reflects the asymmetry of the 3-D response at longer periods, which is expressed in the phase tensor as a non-zero skew angle (Figs 5b and c)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. 6 shows graphs of the phase tensor properties as a function of period at the location marked by the cross in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To simulate the effect of noise, an ensemble of 1000 impedance tensors was created by adding 2 per cent Gaussian noise to each component of the calculated impedance tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The error bars in Fig. 6 show the standard deviation from the mean value (points) of the corre- sponding tensor property derived from this ensemble."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For periods less than 0.1 s the maximum and minimum phases (Fig. 6a), i.e. tan −1 ( max ) and tan −1 ( min ), are close to 45 • indicating that the effect of the conductive cube at this location is small."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For periods between about 0.1 and 3 s, the phase difference or split between the principal phases increases rapidly as the influence of the inductive currents in the deep conductor becomes dominant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At periods >3 s, the phase split decreases as the induction currents associated with the deep conductor weaken."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that the magnitude of the phase difference between the prin- cipal phase values is reflected in the size of the error bars for the direction of the major axis (Fig. 6b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular the uncertainties are large for periods <0.3 s where the phase difference is small (<3 • )."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Despite the large uncertainty, the direction of maximum in- ductive current flow associated with each of the conducting bodies at short (Fig. 4a) and long periods (Fig. 4c) can clearly be distin- guished in Fig. 6(b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In particular, for periods between 0.3 s and 30 s (where the difference between the principal phases is large) the azimuth of the major axis can be determined within ±5 • ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At points where the error bars of the principal phases overlap (enclosed by a small grey boxes in Fig. 6(a)) the tensor ellipse is indistinguishable from a circle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At these points, omitted from Fig. 6(b), the azimuth is ill-defined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that the large uncertainty in the direction (α − β) of the major axis in Fig 6(b) at periods <0.1 s is a consequence of the small phase difference and thus the uncertainty in the angle α rather than the uncertainty in the skew angle (β), Fig. 6(c)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the model used in this example β is small (< 3 • ) at all periods and at all locations (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although small, β is well-determined as shown by the small error bars in Fig. 6(c)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Between 0.3 s and 1 s, where β (Fig. 6c) begins to increase and the direction (Fig. 6b) of the major axis varies slightly with period, inductive effects pro- duced by the deep conductor start to become significant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that at longer periods (>3 s), where the skew angle begins to decrease, the direction of the major axis (Fig. 6b) remains nearly constant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the regional conductivity structure is 3-D and the phase difference between the principal values is large enough so that the orientation of the phase tensor principal axes can be determined reliably, a sin- gle (well-defined) direction can be associated with the MT phase response at each period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As is illustrated in Fig. 4, the orientations of the major axes of the phase tensor indicate the preferred flow di- rection of the induction current in a similar fashion to the induction arrows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, if the regional conductivity structure is 2-D, the principal axes of the phase tensor are aligned with the strike axis of the regional conductivity structure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The orientation of the principal axes of the phase tensor can thus be considered to be a generalization of the concept of strike direction (the so-called geo- electric strike) to a 3-D situation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In essence, the principal axes of the phase tensor indicate the (horizontal) directions of the maxi- mum and minimum induction current, which in turn reflect lateral variations in the underlying regional conductivity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the example illustrated in Fig. 4(c), the direction of the principal axes of the phase tensor at periods >3 s is nearly constant along lines running northwest-southeast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For a single northwest-southeast line of measurements, the MT response will appear to be nearly 2-D. That is, two nearly perpendicular polarization directions of the magnetic field can be found where the ellipticity of the resulting electric field is small."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the phase tensor skew angle β tells us that the situation is 3-D, the value of β is small (< 3 • )."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that a small value of β by itself is not necessarily a good indication of the nearness of the regional conductivity structures to 2-D. A much better indication of the inappropriateness of a 2-D analysis in this example is the rapid (10 • in 0.5 km) northeast-southwest variation in the direction of the major axis of the tensor ellipse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the regional structure is 2-D, the direction of the principal axes of the phase tensor (α) will be the same as the strike direction given by the two most commonly used approaches to distortion analysis, Bahr (1988, 1991) and Groom & Bailey (1989, 1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, the formula for the strike direction given by Bahr can be reduced to eq. ( 22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, in 3-D situations where β is small, Bahr's expression for the regional strike direction will be close to one of the principal axes of the phase tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bahr (1988, 1991) also proposed a dimensionless, coordinate- invariant measure of the dimensionality of the regional conductivity structure similar to β which he called the phase-sensitive skew (η)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In terms of the quantities used in this paper, η is given by the expression"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that unlike β (eq. 19), η is a function of the coordinate invari- ants of the observed impedance tensor and the phase tensor skew ( 12 − 21 )."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The condition η = 0 (or equivalently 12 − 21 = 0), represents the requirement that the component phases of the impedance tensor in each column of the impedance tensor matrix are equal, which is true if the regional conductivity structure is 2-D (Bahr 1988, 1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, if | 12 − 21 | = 0 the effect of a galvanic distortion on eq. ( 28), contained in the det(X) and |Z 12 − Z 21 | 2 terms, will The magnetotelluric phase tensor 465 not cancel out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, if the regional conductivity structure is not 2-D, the value of η will depend on whether or not the observed response is distorted."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this reason it is questionable whether the magnitude of η is a good indication of the dimensionality of the regional conductivity structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Any distortion analysis based on the assumption that the regional conductivity structure is 2-D cannot include the asymmetry in the MT response represented by the phase tensor skew angle (β)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In what is, in essence, an attempt to represent this asymmetry, Bahr (1991) introduced a complex parameter (the phase deviation) into the distortion tensor while retaining the 2-D form for the regional impedance tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This parametrization is inconsistent with the 3-D source of the asymmetry and violates the basic physical assumption that the distortion tensor is real for a galvanic distortion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One of the advantages of the phase tensor analysis is that the asymmetry in the phase response is represented explicitly and no assumption about the form of regional impedance tensor is required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this (Groom & Bailey 1989, 1991) and other similar approaches (Zhang et al. 1987; Chakridi et al. 1992; Chave & Smith 1994; Smith 1995) to distortion analysis the observed impedance tensor is decomposed into a 2-D regional impedance tensor Z R and a (real) distortion tensor D , which is parametrized in different ways by different authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The observed impedance tensor Z can therefore be expressed by the relation Z = R(θ)[D Z R ]R T (θ ), (29) where Z R is the 2-D (anti-diagonal) impedance tensor (eq. 24) and θ is the (unknown) strike of the conductivity structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Eq. ( 29) has a total of nine unknowns θ, X ⊥ , Y ⊥ , X , Y and the four components of D ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The number of measured quantities in Z is eight (i.e. the components of X and Y) so eq. ( 29) is underdetermined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Groom & Bailey (1989, 1991) factorize the distortion tensor into three, linearly independent, 2 × 2 matrices and a scalar, i.e."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "and g, the 'site gain', is a scalar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That is Groom & Bailey rewrite eq. ( 29) as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In essence, the four unknown components of D have been rewritten in terms of the (unknown) parameters: g, t, e and s. These parameters cannot be determined from the observed impedance tensor without independent information or assumptions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the operation of g and A on Z R is equivalent to a non- determinable scale change or gain (sayg ⊥ andg ) for each of the off-diagonal (non-zero) components of Z R , eq. ( 32) can be reduced to the form Z = R(θ)[TSZ R ]R T (θ ), (33) whereZ R is the scaled version of Z R (Groom & Bailey 1989, 1991)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This reduction implicitly introduces a pair of constraint equations (g = 1 and s = 0) for the components of D, which reduce the num- ber of unknowns by two."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The seven unknown parameters in eq. ( 33) (i.e.g ⊥ Y ⊥ ,g Y , t, e, and θ) and thus the regional phases (Y ⊥ /X ⊥ and Y /X ) can then be determined at each period from what is now an overdetermined problem."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As emphasized by McNeice & Jones (2001) one of the attractive features of the Groom-Bailey ap- proach is that it allows a stable estimate of the strike direction to be recovered from a distorted 2-D impedance tensor that contains noise."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, as was first shown by Bahr (1988) and by the phase tensor analysis, the strike direction of a 2-D conductivity distribu- tion can be obtained directly from the observed impedance tensor (eq. 22) without decomposition, i.e. without attempting to recover information about the structure of the distortion tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In practice, where the situation may only be approximately 2-D, the strike angle recovered by Groom-Bailey decomposition will depend on how the asymmetry in the regional response is distributed into the misfit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other parametrizations of the distortion tensor are equally plau- sible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, the distortion tensor could be represented by its SVD i.e. D = R T (α D − β D ) d max 0 0 d min R(α D + β D ), (34) where β D and the principal values (d max and d min ) are coordinate invariant and α D is the coordinate dependent angle corresponding to eq. ( 22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Like the Groom-Bailey parameters, the SVD parameters of D are functions of the distortion tensor components and can- not be determined from the observed impedance without auxiliary information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0070__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By assuming a 2-D form for the regional impedance tensor (with strike direction determined from the principal axes of the phase tensor) and introducing constraints on the distortion ten- sor we can solve for the SVD parameters of D in a similar way to how Groom & Bailey (1989, 1991) solve for T and S."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the less satisfactory features of the Groom-Bailey ap- proach is that only one of the two constraints used for the decompo- sition is coordinate invariant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other choices of constraint are possible and equally plausible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular both constraints can be chosen to be coordinate invariant."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it is important to stress that the choice of constraint partially determines the values of the distortion parameters recovered and thus limits their physical significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0071__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We will discuss the analysis of the distortion tensor in more detail elsewhere."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To demonstrate the application of the phase tensor to a real data set we have analysed data from a MT survey conducted in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (TVZ) in the North Island of New Zealand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Phase tensor ellipses from this survey are shown in Fig. 7 superimposed on a gravity map of the region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Details of the collection and interpre- tation of these data using conventional techniques (i.e. techniques based on a 2-D model of the regional conductivity structure) are given in Ogawa et al. ( 1999)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The central part of the TVZ shown in Fig. 7 is characterized by northwest-southeast extension and late Pliocene to Quaternary rhyolitic volcanism (Wilson et al. 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This has resulted in the formation of a large volcano-tectonic depression filled with low- density volcaniclastic sediments and the central part of the TVZ can be identified with the area of low gravity (say <20 mGal) in Fig 7 (Bibby et al. 1995)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The volcaniclastic sediments are much more conductive (∼3-30 m) than the underlying basement rocks (∼1000 m) or the layer of recent volcanics (100-1000 m) that covers the entire region."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus where the basement is close to the surface (in the west and southeast) the conductivity structure of the upper part of the crust will reflect the structure shown by the gravity map (Fig. 7)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Estimates of the Groom-Bailey strike direction for the measure- ment sites shown in Fig. 7 are concentrated between N40 • E and N50 • E suggesting that the overall conductivity structure is approx- imately 2-D (Ogawa et al. 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have also analysed these data using the multisite Groom-Bailey decomposition technique pub- lished by McNeice & Jones (2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This analysis gives an overall apparent strike direction of N43.5 • E ± 1 • in good agreement with the N45 • E strike direction used by Ogawa et al. ( 1999)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As can be seen in Fig. 7, the southeastern margin of the TVZ is marked by an almost linear northeast-southwest gravity gradient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The major axes of the phase tensor ellipses near this margin are ori- ented parallel and perpendicular to the strike of the gravity gradient similar to the behaviour expected for a 2-D conductivity distribu- tion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Independent evidence for the 2-D nature of the conductivity structure along this margin is provided by detailed long-offset DC resistivity surveys (Bibby et al. 1998) and by the behaviour of the induction arrows shown in Fig. 7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a 2-D situation, the induction arrows will be perpendicular to the strike of the conductivity dis- tribution and the agreement between the directions of the induction arrows and ellipse axes near the southeastern margin of the TVZ is good."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Fig. 8 we have plotted the phase tensor properties as functions of period for four of the measurement sites shown in Fig. 7. shown (Fig. 8a) are the ρ xy and ρ yx apparent resistivities (propor- tional to |Z xy | 2 and |Z yx | 2 ) in a Cartesian coordinate system with its x-axis aligned N45 • E. That is ρ xy and ρ yx are (respectively) the nominal TE and TM apparent resistivities with respect to the southeastern margin of the TVZ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the three sites within the TVZ (i.e. sites 300, 400 and 550) the apparent resistivity curves have a well-developed minimum reflecting the underlying conductive sed- iments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This minimum is absent at site 250 outside the TVZ where the resistive basement rocks are close to the surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For periods <0.3 s, the TM and TE apparent resistivity curves (Fig. 8a) at sites 300 and 400 appear to be displaced by a constant factor with respect to each other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This suggests that the data at these two sites have been distorted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Fig. 8(b) we have superimposed the principal values of the phase tensor (i.e. tan −1 min and tan −1 min ) on plots of the (nominal) TE and TM phases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the two southeastern sites (250 and 300) the differences between the principal phase values and the TE and TM phases at periods <100 s are small, indicating that the conductivity structure in this area is approximately 2-D with a strike of N45 • E. However, significant differences between the principal phase values and the TE and TM phases are present at sites 400 and 550."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This difference suggests that either 3-D effects are present or that the strike direction has been chosen incorrectly."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At sites 400 and 550, the directions of the principal axes change with period, implying that the regional conductivity structure in the neighbourhood of these two sites is 3-D. Plots of the skew angle β (Fig. 8d) for these sites support this inference."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the two southeastern sites (250 and 300), the variation in the direction of the major axis of the phase tensor (Fig. 8c) is <15 • in the period range between 1 and 100 s, consistent with a quasi 2-D regional structure near the southeastern margin of the TVZ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The variation is larger at site 300 where the skew angle also changes by a total of about 7 • over the same period range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At greater periods >100 s, the principal direction at site 300 changes by about 45 • so that one interpretation of the response at this site is that the effect of a distant, off-strike structure becomes significant at periods >100 s. Indeed, the directions of the principal axes from all the sites within the TVZ (not all shown in Fig. 8) vary significantly in this period range."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the sites southeast of the TVZ (of which site 250 is one example), the principal directions show much less variation and are coherent between sites."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is clear from the phase tensor analysis that the conductivity structure within the TVZ is 3-D and a 3-D approach to data collection and analysis will be required to more clearly resolve the conductivity structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the difficulties of interpreting MT data is that the information from deeper levels is distorted by the effect of near-surface conduc- tivity heterogeneities."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The traditional approach to this difficulty has been to assume a simplified 2-D structure for the underlying regional conductivity distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This assumption allows the regional phase information and strike of a 2-D conductivity distribution to be de- rived from a distorted set of observations, provided the distortion is galvanic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have shown that the 2-D assumption is unnecessary and that the phase relationship between the horizontal components of the electric and magnetic fields may be derived directly from the observed impedance tensor in situations where the regional conduc- tivity structure is 3-D. In essence we have generalized the represen- tation of the MT phase so that it applies in the 3-D case, where the electric field response to a linearly polarized magnetic field is (in general) elliptically polarized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This representation takes the form of a (second-rank) tensor that is unaffected by a galvanic distortion of the electric field, consistent with the physical behaviour expected for the MT phase."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The phase tensor components and their associated three coor- dinate invariants are simple functions of the observed impedance tensor components."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Graphically, the tensor can be represented as an ellipse where the principal axes of the tensor are represented by the major and minor axes of the ellipse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The third coordinate invariant, the skew angle, is a measure of the asymmetry in the regional MT response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 2-D the phase tensor is symmetric and the skew angle is zero."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While a large value of the skew angle necessarily implies a 3-D regional conductivity structure, our results suggest that a small value of the skew angle is not necessarily a good indication of the nearness of the conductivity structure to 2-D. Much more reliable criteria for two-dimensionality are the constancy of the direction of the principal axes of the phase tensor with period and with location along strike."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our modelling results suggest that the direction of the phase ten- sor major axis indicates the preferred flow direction of the regional induction current."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Maps of the phase tensor ellipses at different periods provide a simple way of depicting this direction and thus (indirectly) of visualizing lateral changes in the regional conductiv- ity structure at different depths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such maps will not be influenced by near-surface galvanic effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Spatial and temporal variations in the near-surface conductivity distribution dominate the measured amplitudes in MT surveys de- signed to monitor temporal conductivity changes at deeper levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Provided the effect of any temporal change in the near-surface con- ductivity can be represented by a galvanic distortion of the electric field, any change in the phase tensor will reflect only the conduc- tivity variations at deeper levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Detecting conductivity changes at depth is potentially an important future application of this method of analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The calculation of the phase tensor requires no assumption about the dimensionality of the underlying conductivity distribution and is applicable where both the heterogeneity and the regional conduc- tivity structures are 3-D. Although we have introduced the phase tensor in the context of the galvanic distortion problem, the rep- resentation of the MT phase as a tensor is not restricted to this context."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, the phase tensor should be considered to be a fundamental property of the impedance tensor expressing how the phase relationship between the electric and magnetic field changes with polarization in situations where the conductivity structure is 3-D."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Much of this work would not have been possible without access to the 3-D EM modelling code developed by Zonghou Xiong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would also like to thank Gary McNeice and Alan Jones for making their multisite Groom-Bailey code available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Reviews by John Booker, Wolfgang Soyer and Martyn Unsworth helped us to clarify a num- ber of ideas in the paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Mark Berdichevsky and John Weaver also commented on an earlier version of this paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The MT data from the Taupo Volcanic Zone were collected in a joint project between the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences in New Zealand and the Geological Survey of Japan."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We would especially like to acknowl- edge the contribution of our Japanese colleagues Yasuo Ogawa (now at the Tokyo Institute of Technology), Shinichi Takakura, Toshihiro Uchida, Nobuo Matsushima, Toshiyuki Tosha and Yuji Nishi for making that project and on going work in the Taupo Volcanic Zone so successful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0090__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This work was supported by the Marsden Fund admin- istered by the Royal Society of New Zealand (Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences contribution 2902) and by the Enterprise Ire- land Basic Research Grants Scheme (project SC-1998-501)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Expressions for the coordinate invariants of a (non-symmetric) second-rank 2-D tensor can be found in Bibby (1986) and are sum- marized here for completeness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Writing the phase tensor as the ma- trix Φ = 11 12 21 22 (A1) the simplest algebraic representations of the tensor invariants are the trace tr(Φ) = 11 + 22 , (A2) the skew sk(Φ) = 12 − 21 (A3) and the determinant det(Φ) = 11 22 − 12 21 (A4) of the matrix."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that the determinant is a quadratic function of the tensor components."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is convenient to re-express all the invariants as the first order functions: In terms of these quantities the maximum, minimum and skew angle (eq. 19) are given by the expressions:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fourth SVD parameter α (eq. 22), which is needed to com- plete the specification of the tensor, is not coordinate invariant and cannot be expressed as a function of the coordinate invariants alone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that we have tacitly assumed in eq. ( A6) that det(Φ) ≥ 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If the conductivity distribution is very unusual and 3-D it is pos- sible that the det(Φ) may vanish or become negative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the singu- lar case (det(Φ) = 0) the expressions (eqs A8 and A9) for max and min are well-defined and min = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That is the phase ten- sor ellipse has zero area and the tensor is represented by a line of length 2 max ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If det(Φ) < 0 then we can retain eq. ( A8) by defining 2 = |det(Φ)| 1/2 and assign a negative sign to the value of min ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The behaviour of the phase tensor in this unusual situation can be envisaged graphically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Assume that the effect of the conductivity distribution is insignificant at some period and that max and min are >0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As the unusual 3-D effects become important, the minor axis of the tensor ellipse shrinks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Eventually, the effect of the con- ductivity structure causes the ellipse to shrink down to a line (length 2 max ) where min and det(Φ) are both zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0095__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As these effects in- crease the ellipse will re-expand, although now min and det(Φ) are negative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The angle α − β defines direction of the major axis of the tensor ellipse in the Cartesian coordinate system used to express the tensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Knowing the orientation of the major axis the ellipse may then be constructed from knowledge of the lengths of the major and minor axes (i.e. from max and min )."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A more direct and simpler way of drawing the tensor ellipse is to recall that the matrix representing the tensor can be thought of as mapping of one vector into another."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By generating a set of unit vectors at say 1 • intervals around a circle and transforming each unit vector with the tensor matrix the resultant (transformed) set of vectors define the tensor ellipse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__original__p0096__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is easily and compactly implemented in modern computer languages such as MATLAB."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3176__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We demonstrate a minor inconsistency in the appendix of ‘The magnetotelluric phase tensor’ by Caldwell et al. that can lead to incorrect results, and provide a simple solution for this problem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since its publication the phase tensor has become an important tool to analyse magnetotelluric data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The reason for this success is, that it is not affected by galvanic distortion and does not make any assumptions about the conductivity structure in the subsurface [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However the discussion in the appendix on how to treat the problematic case of a negative determinant is misleading and leads to incorrect expressions when used to calculate the two invariants Φmax and Φmin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3176__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the magnetotelluric transfer function Z = X + iY the phase tensor is given by Φ = X−1Y = 1/det X [X22Y11 − X12Y21, X22Y12 − X12Y22; X11Y21 − X21Y11, X11Y22 − X21Y12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This real second rank tensor can also be expressed in terms of three rotational invariants and one rotation angle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the appendix of Caldwell et al. ( 2004) the formulae to calculate the invariants Φmax, Φmin and β are given as Φ1 = tr(Φ)/2, Φ2 = det(Φ), Φ3 = sk(Φ)/2, Φmax = (Φ1^2 + Φ3^2)^(1/2) + (Φ1^2 + Φ3^2 − Φ2^2)^(1/2), Φmin = (Φ1^2 + Φ3^2)^(1/2) − (Φ1^2 + Φ3^2 − Φ2^2)^(1/2), β = 1/2 tan−1(Φ3/Φ1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3176__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In certain cases the determinant of the phase-tensor det(Φ) can become negative."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The recommendation by Caldwell et al. is to use the absolute value |det(Φ)| in these cases instead to avoid problems while calculating the intermediate quantity Φ2 which should be real."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Through this manipulation the expressions for Φmax and Φmin become incorrect for det(Φ) < 0."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3176__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Short algebraic manipulation of eq. ( 5) shows that in this case Φmax = (1/4 + Φ1^2 + Φ3^2)^(1/2) + (Φ2^2 + 3/2)^(1/2) and similarly for Φmin."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are two simple ways to avoid problems with negative determinants: Either use the formulae (10) and (11) given by Bibby (2005) that avoid the calculation of the determinant altogether [2], or circumvent the calculation of Φ2 by inserting (3) into (5) and (6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__critique__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The resulting expressions are an equivalent definition for Φmax and Φmin is given by Bibby (1986, 2005) [2][3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3176__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__response__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__response__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the appendix of Caldwell et al. ( 2002), summarising results from Bibby (1986), we discuss the difficulty that arises from the definition (A6 in Caldwell et al.) of (cid:2)2 = det((cid:2)) in rare 3-D situations (for good quality MT data) where the determinant of the phase tensor Φ is negative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3176__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__response__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__response__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unfortunately, a sentence in our discussion, interpreted literally, introduces an ambiguity into the expressions (A8 and A9 in Caldwell et al.) for the maximum and minimum phase."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3176__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__response__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__response__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Moorkamp (2007) points out, any ambiguity in these two expressions is removed by writing det(Φ) for (cid:2)2 2 in equations A8 and A9."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3176__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3176", "paragraph_id": "triad_3176__response__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3176__response__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Alternatively, other equivalent expressions contained in Bibby (1986), but omitted from the summary given in the appendix, may be used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3176/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2108982325_W2119746707_W4240796279", "triad_name": "triad_3176", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3176__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A rise in core temperature reportedly leads to increased minute ventilation (V E) (hyperthermic hyperventilation) at rest (10, 17, 20, 40) and during exercise (18, 33, 45, 48)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given that oxygen uptake remains largely unchanged from normothermic levels during hyperthermia in passively heated resting subjects (10, 17, 40), the influence of metabolic factors on hyperthermic hyperventilation appears to be trivial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consequently, this hy- perventilation results in excessive elimination of CO 2 from the body, decreasing arterial CO 2 partial pressure (Pa CO 2 ) (hypo- capnia) (20, 33, 40)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This hypocapnia likely contributes to the cerebral hypoperfusion observed during hyperthermia (9, 16, 31, 33)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "By limiting heat exchange in the brain, cerebral hypoperfusion would eventually lead to elevation in brain temperature (34), which may ultimately underlie central fa- tigue during hyperthermia (39)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, preventing the ce- rebral hypoperfusion associated with hyperthermic hyperven- tilation may be an effective strategy for minimizing central fatigue during exercise in the heat."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Before implementing this strategy, however, it will be important to better understand the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of hyperthermic hyperventilation, most of which are currently unclear."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When V E is expressed as a function of esophageal temper- ature (T es ; an index of core temperature) during passive heat- ing, V E remains nearly unchanged until T es surpasses~37.8 - 38.5°C (10, 17, 44)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Above this threshold temperature, V E increases linearly with rising T es such that V E increases by 20 -32 l·min Ϫ1 ·°C Ϫ1 rise in T es (10, 17, 44)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The slope relating T es to V E would reflect ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature (5, 17, 25), as with the thermosensitivity of sweat- ing and cutaneous vasodilation in those relations (7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The hyperthermic hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia potentially suppresses ventilatory sensitivity, given that ventilatory re- sponses are highly sensitive to Pa CO 2 (14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Along these lines, we previously found that during prolonged moderate exercise in the heat, continuous restoration of Pa CO 2 to eucapnia in- creased the ventilatory sensitivity (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, it remains to be seen whether this is also true during passive heating at rest, as the characteristics of hyperthermic hyperventilation differ depending on whether one is resting or exercising (17, 44)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous reports using passive heating at rest showed that acute restoration of end-tidal CO 2 partial pressure (PET CO 2 , an index of Pa CO 2 ) to normothermic levels did not change V E at moderate hyperthermia (core temperature of~37.6 -38.0°C) (16), but it did increase V E at severe hyperthermia (38.8°C) (31)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The latter result lends support to the possibility that continuous maintenance of Pa CO 2 at eucapnia augments ventilatory sensi- tivity to increasing core temperature at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It should be emphasized that to precisely evaluate the influence of hypo- capnia on the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature, hypocapnia should be prevented throughout the entire period of heating, as we did previously (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Acute restoration of eucap- nia after a period of hypocapnia during heating does not enable the relationships among hypocapnia, ventilation, and core temperature to be precisely characterized."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 6, 5], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As mentioned, hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia con- tributes to the cerebral hypoperfusion during hyperthermia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is still debatable, however, whether this hypocapnia entirely explains the cerebral hypoperfusion during hyperthermia at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When PET CO 2 is acutely restored to normothermic levels through CO 2 inhalation during hyperthermia, the decrease in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAV; an index of anterior cerebral blood flow) is partially (9, 16) or largely (3, 31) reversed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it is well recognized that restoration of PET CO 2 to eucapnia after sustained hypocapnia causes an over- shoot in MCAV beyond the original baseline value (37)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus restoration of PET CO 2 after sustained hypocapnia during heating could lead to overestimation of the contribution of hypocapnia to the reduction in MCAV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To avoid that issue, it is necessary to clamp PET CO 2 at a eucapnic level throughout the passive heating, as was previously done during exercise in the heat (24)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accordingly, in the present study we examined the effect of passive heating with or without clamping PET CO 2 at the eucapnic level on 1) the ventilatory sensitivity to rising core tempera- ture, and 2) the cerebral blood flow response."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We hypothesized that hypocapnia developed secondary to hyperthermic hyper- ventilation diminishes ventilatory sensitivity and accounts for only a fraction of the reduction in cerebral blood flow."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourteen healthy males (age: 24 Ϯ 3 yr; height: 173 Ϯ 4 cm; and body mass: 67 Ϯ 8 kg) volunteered to participate in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The participants were nonsmokers, and none were taking prescription medication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Written informed consent was obtained from all partici- pants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The procedure used in this study was approved by the Human Subjects Committee of the University of Tsukuba and conformed to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants performed two trials wherein they breathed room air (Control trial) or CO 2-enriched air (CO2 trial) that prevented a reduction in PET CO 2 during passive heating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The two experimental trials were conducted in a counterbalanced manner and were separated by at least 7 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants were asked to abstain from strenuous exercise, alcohol, and caffeine for 24 h before the experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The participants drank 500 ml of water on the night before the experiment and then consumed a light meal and 500 ml of water 2 h before the experiment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each participant arrived at the laboratory at 9:00 AM and rested in an environmental chamber regulated to an ambient temperature of 25°C and a relative humidity of 50%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During this time, a thermocou- ple for measuring T es was inserted through the nasal passage to a distance equivalent to one-fourth of the participant's height."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The location of the probe in the esophagus was estimated to be posterior to the lower border of the left atrium (47)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The participant then voided his bladder, body mass was recorded, and an ultrasound Doppler probe for measuring MCAV was attached to the left side of his head."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thereafter, the participant was instrumented with a heart rate (HR) monitor, thermocouples for measuring skin temperatures, and a cuff and electrodes for measuring arterial blood pressure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Once instru- mented, the participant put on a water-perfused garment that covered his upper body with the exception of the head, left forearm, and hands, which were sheathed in cotton gloves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "On the left ventral forearm, a capsule for measuring sweat rate was attached using collodion and a probe for measuring skin blood flow was attached near the capsule."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The participant then sat in a chair in a bath (water tempera- ture ϭ 35°C) immersed up to his iliac crest and rested in a sitting posture while the water from the bath was circulated through the water-perfused garment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "After the participant put on a breathing mask, a sensor for measuring inspired and expired gases and a three-way valve customized to add CO 2 to the inspired air were connected to the mask."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Baseline measurements were then collected for 5 min while the subjects remained sitting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The temperature of the water in the bath, and thus the garment covering the participant's upper body, was then increased to 41°C and held constant for the remainder of the experi- ment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0008__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The water temperature was controlled using a heater and monitored using a thermocouple placed in the bath."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the Control trial, participants breathed room air throughout the experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the CO 2 trial, they breathed CO2-enriched air (a mixture of room air and 100% CO2), beginning at the point when PET CO 2 fell below baseline due to hyperthermic hyperventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We monitored PET CO 2 on a real-time basis and manually added 100% CO 2 to the inhaled air."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The fraction of inspired CO2 was Ͻ3.5%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The flow rate of the added CO2 differed depending on the subject's breathing pattern as well as the levels of V E and the metabolic rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In a preliminary experiment, four participants voluntarily hyperventilated such that V E increased tõ 20, 30, and 40 l/min [breathing frequency (fB) of~20, 25, and 30 breaths/min, respectively] with CO2 supplementation to prevent hypocapnia under normothermic conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This experiment en- abled us to roughly estimate how much CO 2 we need to add to the inspired air to prevent hypocapnia during passive heating during the CO2 trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0009__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "When Tes reached 39.0°C or the subject could no longer tolerate the heating, the experiment was terminated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Skin temperatures and Tes were measured using copper-constantan thermocouples, recorded on a computer (ThinkPad A21p; IBM,) at 1-s intervals via a data logger system (WE7000; Yokogawa), and aver- aged over 30-s intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mean skin temperature (T sk) was calculated from seven skin temperatures weighted to the following regional proportions: 7% forehead, 14% forearm, 5% hand, 7% foot, 13% lower leg, 19% thigh, and 35% chest (23)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "HR was recorded every 5 s using a heart rate monitor (Vantage NV, Polar, Finland) and averaged over 30-s intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Blood pressure was measured from the upper right arm every 1 min using an automated sphygmomanometer (STBP-780; Nippon Colin)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was cal- culated as the diastolic pressure plus one-third of the pulse pressure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Inspired and expired gases were analyzed using a metabolic cart (AE310s; Minato Medical Science), and V E, tidal volume (VT) ad- justed to BTPS, fB, oxygen uptake (V O2), carbon dioxide output (V CO2), PET CO 2 and the respiratory exchange ratio were recorded breath-by-breath."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The flow sensor was calibrated using a calibration syringe able to blow a fixed volume (2 liters) of air."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The O 2 and CO2 .216.240.244) on May 18, 2024."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "sensors were calibrated with room air and reference gas of known concentration (15.0% O 2, 5.0% CO2, N2 balance)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To determine MCAV, we used the transcranial Doppler ultrasound technique (WAKI 1-TC; Atys Medical)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A 2-MHz Doppler probe was secured with a customized headband to the left temporal region, and the signal was collected at a depth of 45- 60 mm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Before the two experiments, the position and probe angle that provided the optimal Doppler signal were determined and photographed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The pictures enabled us to obtain similar MCAV values at baseline in the two trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cerebral vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as MCAV divided by MAP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Sweat rate was measured using the ventilated-capsule method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Dry nitrogen was supplied to the capsule (3.46 cm 2 ) at a rate of 0.8 l/min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0012__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The humidity of the nitrogen gas flowing out of the capsule was measured using a capacitance hygrometer (HMP 45ASPF; Vaisala)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cutaneous blood flow was measured using a laser-Doppler flowmeter (ALF21; Advance)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cutaneous vascular conductance was calculated as the cutaneous blood flow divided by the MAP and was normalized to the baseline value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Breathing difficulty and thermal sensation were mea- sured every 5 min on a scale of 10 (e.g., difficulty of breathing: 1, very easy; 3, moderate; 5, hard; 7, very hard; and thermal sensation: 5, neutral; 7, warm; 9, very hot)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To evaluate the relationship between core temperature and venti- latory responses (V E, VT, fB, and PET CO 2 ), the ventilatory variables were plotted as functions of Tes, and linear regression analyses were conducted using 30-s averaged data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For these analyses, we used a computer algorithm to determine the thresholds for the increase or decrease in the respective ventilatory variables, as evaluated from the inflection point where two calculated regression lines crossed (17, 44)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We chose the two best-fit regression lines based on the smallest residual sums of squares."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The slopes of the second regression lines relating V E, VT, fB, and PET CO 2 to Tes were considered as sensitivities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The Tes strongly correlated with V E (r ϭ 0.74 Ϯ 0.13), VT (r ϭ 0.53 Ϯ 0.24), fB (r ϭ 0.66 Ϯ 0.2), and PET CO 2 (r ϭ Ϫ0.77 Ϯ 0.20)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, we previously confirmed high day-to-day reproducibil- ity for the Tes threshold (r ϭ 0.83, P Ͻ 0.05) and the ventilatory sensitivity (r ϭ 0.97, P Ͻ 0.05) of hyperthermia-induced hyperven- tilation (17)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to analyze the time-dependent data using trial (Control and CO 2) and heating dur- ation (pre, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 min, and end of heating) as factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was also employed to ana- lyze the core temperature-dependent data using trial (Control and CO 2) and Tes level (36.8, 37.2, 37.6, 38.0, 38.4, and 38.8°C) as factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When a main effect was detected, post hoc multiple compar- isons were performed to identify pairwise differences using paired t-tests with the Bonferroni correction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Paired t-tests were also used for between-trial comparisons of the thresholds and sensitivities of ven- tilatory parameters to rising T es."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When the test of normality (Shapiro- Wilk test) failed, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to assess differences between trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All data are reported as means Ϯ SD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "P Ͻ 0.05 was considered significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0015__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "All statistical analyses were per- formed using a commercially available statistics package (version 21.0; SPSS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Heating duration did not differ between the trials (Control vs. CO 2 , 32.9 Ϯ 6.4 vs. 33.8 Ϯ 8.2 min, P ϭ 0.58)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Body mass losses over the course of the experiment were nearly identical between the Control and CO 2 trials (1.5 Ϯ 0.5 vs. 1.4 Ϯ 0.5%, P ϭ 0.20)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Time- dependent changes in body temperature and thermoregulatory variables are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 1A."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were main effects of trial on T es (P Ͻ 0.01) and of heating duration on T es and T sk (both P Ͻ 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Over the course of the hot water immersion, T es gradually increased, and the temperatures at the end of heating were similar in the Control and CO 2 trials (38.9 Ϯ 0.3 vs. 39.0 Ϯ 0.3°C, P ϭ 0.12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although T es at 5-25 min was higher in the CO 2 than Control trial, the difference was minimal (Ͻ0.19°C, Fig. 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The rate of increase in T es did not differ between the Control and CO 2 trials (4.5 Ϯ 0.6 vs. 4.5 Ϯ 0.9°C/h, P ϭ 0.81)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Likewise, increases in T sk were equivalent during heating in the two trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because we were unable to measure sweat rate and cutaneous blood flow on the forearms of three subjects due to technical difficulties, the data analyzed were from the remaining 11 subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Forearm sweat rate and cutaneous vascular conductance did not differ between trials (P ϭ 0.52 and 0.68 for a main effect of trial, respec- tively), and thermal sensation increased similarly in the two trials (P ϭ 0.29 for a main effect of trial)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similar changes in HR and MAP were observed in the two trials (P ϭ 0.25 and 0.99 for a main effect of trial, respectively, Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was a significant interaction between trial and heating duration affecting MCAV and CVC (both P Ͻ 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In both trials, MCAV was decreased at and after 10 min of heating in comparison to the preheating value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, MCAV was higher in the CO 2 than Control trial at the end of heating (P ϭ 0.005, Fig. 1D) and explains 36.6% of the total decrease in MCAV occurring in the Control trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The changes in CVC were similar to those observed with MCAV, and CVC was higher in the CO 2 than Control trial at the end of heating (P ϭ 0.014, Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Time-dependent changes in respira- tory variables are shown in Table 2 and Fig. 1, B and C. A significant main effect of heating duration was detected on all the respiratory variables evaluated (all P Ͻ 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similar increases in V E were observed in the two trials (P ϭ 0.52 for a main effect of trial)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From preheating to 15 min of heating, V E increased slightly and then increased as heating continued (at the end of heating, 23.8 Ϯ 8.3 and 22.9 Ϯ 7.3 l/min in the Control and CO 2 trial, respectively, Fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both V T and f B did not differ between trials (P ϭ 0.31 and 0.37 for a main effect of trial, respectively)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the end of heating in the Control trial, PET CO 2 was significantly lower than before heating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As designed, PET CO 2 in the CO 2 trial remained unchanged over the period of heating and was higher than in the Control trial after 15 min of heating (Fig. 1C)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "T es -dependent changes in ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 2 shows V E plotted against T es ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The thresh- olds and sensitivities of the relationships between ventilatory variables and T es are presented in Tables 3 and 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Twelve of the 14 subjects showed T es thresholds for increases in V E in both trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One subject showed no threshold in either trial and another subject exhibited no threshold in the CO 2 trial only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There was no significant between-trial difference in the thresh- old (P ϭ 0.15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We also observed T es thresholds for increases in V T in 8 subjects, for increases in f B in 11 subjects in both trials, and for decreases in PET CO 2 in 13 subjects in the Control trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0023__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "There were no significant between-trial differences in the thresholds for V T or f B (P ϭ 0.06 and 0.56, respectively)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Individual data for the sensitivities of ventilatory responses to rising T es are shown in Table 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 4 of 12 subjects, the sensitivity of V E to rising T es was higher in the CO 2 than the Control trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The sensitivities of V T and f B to rising T es were higher in the CO 2 than the Control trial in 3 of 8 subjects and in 3 out of 11 subjects, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There were no between- trial differences in the sensitivities of V E, V T , and f B to rising T es (P ϭ 0.31, 0.11, and 0.86, respectively)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although there Ventilatory and cerebrovascular responses were compared between trials at various T es (Figs. 3 and 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were main effects of T es on V E, V T , PET CO 2 , and MCAV (all P Ͻ 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The increase in V E and the respiratory pattern, as evaluated based on V T and f B , were similar in the Control and CO 2 trials (P ϭ 0.28, 0.74 and 0.18 for a main effect of trial, respectively, Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the Control trial, PET CO 2 was lower at T es ϭ 38.8°C than 36.8°C, but it remained unchanged in the CO 2 trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A main effect of trial on PET CO 2 was detected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At T es ϭ 37.6 -38.8°C, PET CO 2 was higher in the CO 2 than Control trial (all P Ͻ 0.01, Fig. 4A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There was no main effect of trial on MCAV (P ϭ 0.30)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In both trials, MCAV was lower at T es ϭ 37.2-38.8°C than 36.8°C (Fig. 4B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0025__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In the CO 2 trial, restoration of the PET CO 2 restored 37.6, 39.8, and 39.3% of the heating-induced decrease in MCAV in the Control trial at T es ϭ 38.0, 38.4, and 38.8°C, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our main findings are that during passive heating at rest 1) the sensitivity of V E to rising T es did not differ between the Control and CO 2 trials; 2) the decrease in MCAV occurred early during heating, when there was no clear hyperventilation or resultant hypocapnia; and 3) at the end of heating (T es ϭ 39.0), MCAV was significantly higher in the CO 2 than Control trial, but hypocapnia explained only 36.6% of the observed reduction in MCAV."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These results suggest that during passive heating at rest ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia and that hyper- thermia decreases cerebral blood flow largely independently of the concomitant hypocapnia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Contrary to our hypothesis, the sensitivity of V E to rising T es was not greater in the CO 2 trial than the Control trial (Fig. 2 and Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only 4 of 12 subjects showed a higher sensitivity in the CO 2 trial; the others showed somewhat lower sensitivity in the CO 2 than Control trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, V E at similar T es levels did not differ between the trials (Fig. 3A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results suggest that for subjects in a hyperthermic resting state, hypocapnia does not suppress ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temper- ature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By contrast, we previously reported that, during pro- longed moderate-intensity exercise in the heat, restoration of Pa CO 2 to the eucapnic level led to a doubling of ventilatory sensitivity as compared with the sensitivity when Pa CO 2 was decreased secondary to hyperthermic hyperventilation (19.8 vs. 8.9 l·min Ϫ1 ·°C Ϫ1 ) (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We therefore suggest that hypocapnia diminishes ventilatory sensitivity during exercise but not at rest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, the fact that hypocapnia attenuates hyper- thermic hyperventilation only during exercise likely contrib- utes to the approximately three-times smaller ventilatory sen- sitivity to rising core temperature observed during exercise in the heat as compared with resting (17, 44)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The lack of change in ventilatory sensitivity upon Pa CO 2 restoration may be due to the location of the Pa CO 2 threshold for increases in V E. The threshold exists at a normal Pa CO 2 level at rest (4, 14), and V E remains unchanged when Pa CO 2 de- creases below the threshold."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This Pa CO 2 threshold is also reportedly unaffected by a 1.5°C elevation in core temperature at rest (4, 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because hyperthermic hyperventilation during passive heating decreases Pa CO 2 below normal level, it is plausible that these changes in Pa CO 2 are below the threshold for increases in V E and so did not affect hyperthermic hyper- ventilation at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On the other hand, although the Pa CO 2 threshold for increases in V E is reportedly similar during rest and exercise (11, 13), as mentioned, we previously found that V E increased with restoration of Pa CO 2 to the eucapnic level during exercise in the heat (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This implies that exercise in combination with hyperthermia shifts the Pa CO 2 threshold to lower Pa CO 2 levels than that at rest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We previously observed that acute restoration of PET CO 2 to eucapnia does not influence V E at T es ϭ 37.6 or 38.0°C (16)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, similar restoration increased V E at a higher T es (i.e., 38.7°C) (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, restoration of normocapnia reportedly decreased V E at a rectal temperature of 39.1°C (39), although the level of hyperthermia should be regarded with caution, as rectal temperature responds more slowly than T es (42)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The reason for these disparate results remains unclear."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Because we detected no effect of hypocapnia on V E, irre- spective of core temperature in the present study (Fig. 4A), different core temperatures would not explain the lack of consistency between studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Other differences such as pos- ture [upright (16, 39) vs. supine (3)] might be involved but that remains to be determined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With rising T es in the present study, MCAV in the Control trial decreased to levels below the preheating baseline, which is in line with previous studies (9, 16, 29, 31)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Early during the heating, MCAV decreased compared with baseline in both trials, despite hyperthermic hyperventilation, and thus resultant hypocapnia, being minimal (Fig. 1, C and D)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This implies that at rest hyperthermia can decrease cerebral blood flow indepen- dently of hypocapnia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When the decrease in PET CO 2 was pre- vented in the CO 2 trial, MCAV was higher than in the Control trial during the latter part of heating (Fig. 1C); however, the restoration accounts for only 36.6% of total decrease in MCAV (Fig. 1D)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, although hypocapnia appears to contribute to the decrease in cerebral blood flow during passive heating at rest, a larger portion of the response is explained by one or more hypocapnia-independent factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, MCAV was similarly restored by 40% across the range of T es ϭ 38.0 - 38.8°C (Fig. 4B), indicating that the relative contribution of hypocapnia to the change in cerebral blood flow during passive heating is similar within this temperature range."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies reported that restoration of PET CO 2 through acute CO 2 inhalation during passive heating increased MCAV by~28 and~38% at core temperatures of 37.6 and 38.0°C, respectively (16) and increased MCAV by~50% at a core temperature of 38.5°C (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By contrast, the restoration of PET CO 2 reversed reductions in MCAV and posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity by~67 and~84%, respectively, at a core temperature of 38.8°C (31), and it increased MCAV by~75% at a core temperature of 38.7°C (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is however noteworthy that the all the results shown above could be influenced by prolonged exposure of hypocapnia, during which MCAV grad- ually increased despite the sustained hypocapnic state as a result of reductions in brain extracellular bicarbonate and recovery of extracellular pH (8)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, restoration of The mechanism underlying hypocapnia-independent de- crease in MCAV during heat stress is unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Because there was no decrease in MAP throughout the heating in the present study, the possibility of decreased cerebral perfusion pressure is excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On the other hand, blood distribution to the internal carotid artery, from which the MCA branches, reportedly decreases, possibly due to an increase in blood distribution to the external carotid artery, which supplies blood to the cutaneous vessels of the head for thermoregu- lation (35)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Furthermore, blood flow in the internal carotid artery gradually decreases with rising T es (35)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Thus modi- fication of the blood distribution in the brain during passive heating may explain the hypocapnia-independent reduction in MCAV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In addition, cerebral vessels are innervated by nerve fibers that originate from peripheral (extrinsic) nerve ganglia and intrinsic nerves (22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In humans, stellate gan- glion blockade increases cerebral blood flow (26, 46), sug- gesting that regulation of cerebral blood flow is associated with sympathetic nerve activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0035__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Given that hyperthermia increases skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activities (28), cerebral vasoconstriction during hyperthermia may be due in part to sympathetic vasoconstriction, as previously spec- ulated by Brothers et al. ( 9)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our earlier study, which employed the same heating protocol (19), we showed that greater hyperthermic hyperven- tilation correlates with lower MAP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This implies that hyper- thermic hyperventilation may lower MAP during passive heat- Table 1), indicating that hypocapnia does not influence MAP during passive heating at rest."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, hyperventilation itself might decrease MAP during passive heating at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This notion is indirectly supported by the earlier finding that lung inflation decreases MAP (36)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were no between-trial differences in forearm sweat rate or cutaneous vascular conductance (Table 1), which sug- gests hypocapnia does not influence sweating or cutaneous blood flow during passive heating at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is in contrast to the previous observations made by Albert (1), Robinson and King (38) and Fujii et al. ( 15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The discrepancy may reflect differences in core temperature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, Fujii et al. ( 15) reported that hypocapnia reduced forearm cutaneous blood flow when T es increased by 0.6°C but not 1.0°C."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since hyper- thermic hyperventilation and resultant hypocapnia during pas- sive heating occurred with increases in T es of~1.0Ϫ1.5°C, as shown in that study, it is plausible that the greater elevation in core temperature masked the hypocapnia-induced suppression of cutaneous blood flow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It remains to be investigated whether the same explanation applies to the sweat response."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Coverdale et al. ( 12) recently reported that MCA diameter measured using magnetic resonance imaging decreased by 4% when PET CO 2 decreased from 36 to 23 mmHg, which is in contrast to previous reports that MCA diameter is unaffected by decreases in PET CO 2 to~25 mmHg (21, 41)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It may thus be possible that the degree to which MCAV was reduced in the Control trial underestimated the true degree to which MCA blood flow was reduced, as blood flow was actually decreased farther than was reflected by the change in velocity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reduced cerebral blood flow during hyperthermia reportedly leads to increased brain temperature (34) and central fatigue (39) without modulating cerebral metabolism (32, 43)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present study demonstrated that hypocapnia induced through hyperventilation does not modulate ventilatory responses to rising core temperature but does contribute to the decrease in cerebral blood flow seen during passive heating at rest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on this observation, we speculate that restoration of normocap- nia by inhaling CO 2 gas is not sufficient to fully restore cerebral perfusion during passive heating at rest, and a hyper- capnic state (i.e., increase in arterial CO 2 pressure above normocapnic level) or other countermeasures, such as whole body skin cooling (30), may be required to prevent cerebral hypoperfusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, we found that inhaling CO 2 gas to prevent hypocapnia during passive hyperthermia does not in- duce additional hyperventilation or dyspnea, as evaluated based on difficulty of breathing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is in stark contrast to what was observed during exercise in the heat, wherein pre- venting hypocapnia by inhaling CO 2 gas increased ventilation (24)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, although inhaling CO 2 gas can reverse cere- bral hypoperfusion, irrespective of whether the subjects are resting or exercising, this maneuver can distress the respiratory system during exercise."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is important information to know when employing CO 2 gas inhalation as a strategy to mitigate cerebral hypoperfusion during heat stress."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, our results suggest that the ventilatory sensi- tivity to rising core temperature is not suppressed by hypocap- nia and that hyperthermia decrease cerebral blood flow largely independently of the hypocapnia during passive heating at rest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4239__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Tsuji 2017 Jappl Physiol (doi 10.1152/japplphysiol.00232.2017) state on page 3 \"we are the first to demonstrate that hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia.\" This is incorrect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4239__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Many previous studies in humans and other species have shown hyperthermia sustaining breathing and furthermore at PCO2 levels lower than Tsuji achieved."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4239__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, Cunningham & O'Riordan [1] showed that hyperthermia in Man by 2.9 oC stimulated breathing at PCO2 levels of 25 mmHg, Iampietro et al. [ 2] showed hyperthermia in Man by 3oF stimulated breathing with a PCO2 fall of 25 mmHg, Rowell et al. [ 3] showed hyperthermia in Man by 1.5oC stimulated breathing with a PCO2 fall to 27 mmHg, Saxton [4] showed hyperthermia in Man by 2.5oF stimulated breathing with a PCO2 fall to 22 mmHg and Boden et al. [ 5] showed hyperthermia at 39.5 oC restarting breathing during hypocapnic apnea at 11 mmHg."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4239__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TO THE EDITOR: We thank Dr. Parkes [1] for the comment on our recent paper [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dr Parkes points out that our statement “we are the first to demonstrate that hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia” is incorrect as many previous studies have already reported that hyperthermia stimulates ventilation in the presence of concomitant hypocapnia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is true that several previous studies, including our work [3], have demonstrated that hyperventilation occurs during hyperthermia with concomitant hypocapnia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, given that arterial CO2 pressure is tightly and positively associated with ventilatory drive, it is possible that the resultant hypocapnia partly suppresses hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4239__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "That is, the reported hyperventilation during hyperthermia previously observed may be the result of combined influences of increased respiratory drive elicited by hyperthermia and reduced ventilatory drive due to hypocapnia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To isolate the influence of hypocapnia on ventilatory responses during hyperthermia, we must compare ventilatory responses between hypocapnia and normocapnia, and the latter can be achieved by having individuals inhaling hypercapnic air during heating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast with our recent study, none of the previous studies cited by Dr. Parkes directly restored the reduced arterial CO2 pressure to normocapnic levels throughout heating procedure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4239__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4239", "paragraph_id": "triad_4239__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We are therefore the first to elucidate the effect of concomitant hypocapnia on ventilatory response during passive hyperthermia in resting humans, having used hypercapnic air breathing that kept arterial CO2 pressure at normocapnic level throughout our heating protocol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our results clearly indicate that the concomitant hypocapnia does not influence hyperthermic hyperventilation as assessed by core temperature threshold for increases in ventilation, as well as ventilatory sensitivity to rising core temperature."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this direct evidence, we can conclude that hyperthermic hyperventilation is not suppressed by the resultant hypocapnia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4239__response__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Further evidence is warranted to evaluate the role of more severe hypocapnia (e.g., arterial CO2 pressure of ≤30 mmHg) on hyperthermic hyperventilation, as observed in the previous studies cited by Dr. Parkes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4239/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2757693698_W2802172772_W2799428616", "triad_name": "triad_4239", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4239__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the past 40 years, the prevalence of diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the U.S. has dramatically risen [1], from fewer than 0.3 per 1000 children diagnosed with autism before 1980 [2] to 27.6 per 1000 children diagnosed with ASD in 2020 [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Changes in diagnostic definitions and guidelines and increased testing availability and Nutrients 2023, 15, 3772."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173772 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients funding have made major contributions to this increase in diagnosed cases; under the added impacts of changes in dietary, environmental, and other exposures affecting the intrauterine environment, ASD prevalence has reached unprecedented proportions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Males have been disproportionately affected: autism prevalence among boys is almost quadruple that among girls, and a recent study estimated that approximately 1 in 23 U.S. boys aged 8 years or older in 2020 had been diagnosed with ASD [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The degree to which ASD diagnoses have risen during this time highlights the potential role of non-genetic influences, including early prenatal exposures to heavy metals, organophosphate pesticides, and other environmental toxins, in offspring autism risk [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Maternal diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding represents an important additional non-genetic influence on offspring autism risk and has been studied increasingly closely over the past 15 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Zhong et al. [ 5], in their systematic review, reported evidence of the protective role of maternal intake of prenatal vitamins, folic acid, and vitamin D in reducing offspring autism risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Peretti et al. [ 6] also reported decreased offspring autism risk associated with a higher maternal intake of folic acid, omega 6 fatty acids, and vitamin D during pregnancy and an increased autism risk among the offspring of mothers deficient in omega 3 fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although the results from different individual studies varied, the available data suggest that these selected nutrients may indeed exert neuroprotective effects during development."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, the maternal dietary intake of methanol during pregnancy was identified as a potential risk-increasing exposure for offspring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Peretti et al. [ 6] called attention to the work of Walton and Monte [7], who found that the dietary intake of methanol during pregnancy was approximately twice as high among biological mothers of children with ASD as among mothers of neurotypically developing children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Aspartame, a leading non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) in the U.S., is a ubiquitous source of dietary methanol in this country, and aspartame-sweetened products constituted the major sources of dietary methanol included in Walton and Monte's calculations of maternal methanol intake."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If their preliminary findings are correct, the possibility that pregnant women might unknowingly be exposing their unborn children to an increased autism risk through their consumption of aspartame-sweetened diet products during pregnancy is of particular concern."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The safety of aspartame, a leading sweetener used in diet sodas, other diet beverages, and over 6000 dietary, pharmacologic, and other products over the past 40 years [8], has been the subject of intense debate since before it entered the marketplace."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 1981, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of aspartame as a tabletop sweetener and, in 1983, as an ingredient in diet sodas (DS) and other products [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Aspar- tame rapidly became the leading DS sweetener used in the U.S; DS consumption doubled, and aspartame consumption increased 17-fold, over the next 8 years [9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By the end of 1983, however, the FDA had received numerous complaints of adverse reactions among aspartame consumers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prominent complaints included headache, anxiety, and depres- sion [10,11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These and other neurological problems-including irritability, mood disorders, cognitive problems, and seizures-were subsequently reported to be increased among users of diet sodas/beverages (DSB) and other aspartame-sweetened products [10-22], which are leading vehicles of aspartame intake in the U.S. [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Impaired cognitive performance and increased anxiety-related behaviors also developed in aspartame-fed animals [24-30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such reports contributed to the prolonged controversy over the safety of aspartame [29,31-37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While a review of this debate is beyond the scope of this report, we highlighted results with potential neurophysiologic relevance to our investigation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each of the three first-phase metabolites of aspartame has been studied with regard to its impacts on neurologic function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aspartame is metabolized in the intestine into aspartic acid, an excitatory neurotransmitter; phenylalanine, which is involved in neurotransmitter regulation; and methanol, the metabolites of which include formaldehyde, formate, and other toxins [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These three first-phase metabolites represent approximately 40%, 50%, and 10% of aspartame by weight, respectively [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The adverse neurological impacts following the consumption of aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and/or aspartame include changes in neurotransmitter levels [25,38,39] and excitotoxicity, with adverse impacts on neuron function/survival [40-42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Primates, including humans, are uniquely vulnerable to methanol [43,44], the blood levels of which rise following aspartame consumption [44-46]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Exposures to methanol and formaldehyde resulted in increased neuronal apoptosis, neu- rodegeneration, and cognitive problems [43,47,48]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The potential mechanisms that might underlie the associations between aspartame in- take and long-term health problems in humans and their offspring were reported in animal studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prominent among these is a recurring finding of the markedly decreased availabil- ity of the reduced form of glutathione-glutamine sulfhydryl (GSH)-in aspartame-fed animals [25,44-46,49-52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This finding is crucial because GSH protects the developing brain by providing antioxidant defense against oxidative stress [53,54], by scavenging toxins [53,55], and by supporting methylation processes [56]Adverse impacts on the gut microbiota (GM) were also detected in animals exposed to aspartame [29,61,65-73] and two of its metabolites: formaldehyde [67] and pheny- lalanine [66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Among other changes, aspartame-fed rats exhibited a doubling of serum propionate [65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Propionic acid, a short-chain fatty acid produced by gut bacteria, was hypothesized to increase ASD risk through multiple pathways, including increased gut and BBB permeability [74,75]; decreased GSH and neurotransmitter levels; increased oxida- tive stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation [76,77]; and altered mitochondrial and immunological function [78]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Taken together, as summarized in Figure 1, such physiological impacts could create a perfect storm: increasing the access of toxins to the developing brain, decreasing the developing brain's antioxidant and detoxification capacities, and adversely impacting the microbiome-gut-brain axis, which is critical in neurodevelopment [79,80]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further discussion of the processes summarized in Figure 1 is included in Section 4."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to address the question of whether maternal aspartame consumption in- creases autism risk in offspring exposed to aspartame in early life-in utero and during breastfeeding-we aimed to retrospectively assess the maternal intake during pregnancy and breastfeeding of diet soda and of aspartame from multiple sources, among biological mothers of offspring with either autism specifically or any ASD (cases) and among mothers of neurotypically developing offspring (controls), to evaluate the associations between daily early-life exposures to these products and current autism and ASD status in the case-control Autism Tooth Fairy Study (ATFS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary aim of this study was to examine whether the odds of daily exposure during pregnancy/breastfeeding to ≥1 DS or an equivalent amount of aspartame, through the maternal diet, were significantly higher among offspring diagnosed with autism (autism cases), compared with neurotypically developing offspring (controls)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The secondary aim of the study was to assess whether these exposure odds were higher among offspring with any ASD (ASD cases), compared with controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since males have increased developmental vulnerability to adverse early-life exposures and since the risk of autism is four times higher in boys than in girls, we performed both sex-specific and pooled analyses for both diagnostic categories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "times higher in boys than in girls, we performed both sex-specific and pooled analyses for both diagnostic categories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recruitment and data collection for the Autism Tooth Fairy Study were performed through the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) from May 2011 to June 2014."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The largest recruitment source (n = 255) was the Interactive Autism Network (IAN), an Internet-based U.S. registry [81] that included > 21,600 individuals with ASD and >22,000 parents of individuals with ASD [82]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most families recruited through IAN had ≥1 child diagnosed with ASD (cases; n = 178)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Neurotypically developing children (controls) identified through IAN recruitment included siblings of cases (n = 61), and offspring of friends/associates of IAN parents (n = 16) [83]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additional recruitment (n = 101) was conducted through media outreach in San Antonio and South Texas (SA/STX), through which 57 cases, including 7 referred from local autism services, and 44 controls were enrolled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ATFS, thus, included a total of 356 offspring: 235 ASD cases and 121 controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition to completing questionnaires regarding their children's early-life exposures, ATFS parents provided one or more of their children's shed deciduous teeth for compositional analyses, results of which are reported elsewhere [84]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) (UTHSCSA IRB protocol number 11-313, approved on 12 May 2011)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In early data collection, all parents provided written in- formed consent before completing self-administered hard-copy questionnaires."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During later Internet-based enrollment and data collection, all parents reviewed an IRB-approved online study information sheet prior to completing online questionnaires through secure websites, in accordance with the protocol approved by the IRB of the UTHSCSA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Parents provided demographic data about themselves and their households; the birth year and sex of each child; and whether each child had been diagnosed with either autism or autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or childhood disintegrative disorder."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Children with any of these diagnoses were included as ASD cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Parents were also asked whether each child had been diagnosed with any additional behavioral, developmental, and/or learning disabilities/disorders; non-cases with none of these diagnoses were included as controls."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Parents were asked, \"Was there ever a time when your child used at least three words you could understand (besides mama or dada) on a daily basis for at least a month, and then seemed to stop talking for a while (at least a month) where he/she used no words that you could understand?\" Cases where parents responded \"no\" were considered unlikely to have experienced a regressive form of autism or ASD and were, thus, categorized as \"non-regressive\" cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Biological mothers completed retrospective questionnaires on their intake of diet sodas (DS) and other diet drinks (DD other ) during pregnancy/breastfeeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each child they were asked, \"While you were pregnant or breastfeeding your child, how often did you drink diet drinks containing artificial sweeteners?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Please count diet sodas first, such as Diet Coke, Diet Dr. Pepper, and Diet Sprite, and then other diet drinks, such as Crystal Light, sugar-free Kool-Aid, Slim-Fast, and other 'lite' drinks\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Within each of these two beverage subcategories, mothers recorded the number of cans or bottles of DS and the number of glasses, cans, or bottles of DD other that they had consumed per time unit; whether this time unit was daily, weekly, monthly, annually, or never; and the specific brand(s) consumed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Mean intake of DS/day and DD other /day was calculated and summed to estimate total maternal intake of diet drinks/day (DD total /day) during pregnancy/breastfeeding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each mother was also asked, \"While you were pregnant or breastfeeding your child, how many little packets of low-calorie sweeteners (such as Sweet 'N Low, Equal or Splenda) did you use in your coffee, tea, or other foods and beverages?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In answering the question, please keep in mind the number of drinks you had each day, and how many packets of sweetener you added to each drink."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, please include the number of packets you used in cereal or other food\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Intake of the following three leading NNS packets was specifically requested: \"Equal/Nutrasweet (blue)\", \"Splenda (yellow)\", and \"Sweet'N Low (pink)\"; space was left for recording intake of other NNS packet brands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Maternal estimates of intake of these products during pregnancy and breastfeeding were part of an extensive questionnaire that gathered data on maternal and child exposures to a number of household products and other environmental exposures throughout pregnancy and the early life of the child."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two case definitions were specified for analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The primary case definition of interest was autism disorder (autism); the secondary case definition was any ASD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, subgroup analyses focused on offspring with non-regressive versions of each case definition, among whom the relative etiologic influence of intrauterine/neonatal exposures was expected to be maximized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In all analyses, controls were neurotypically developing offspring and-for sex-specific analyses-of the same sex as cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both sex-specific and pooled analyses were performed for each of the case definitions and exposures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Maternal intake of ≥12 ounces (1 can) of DS/day during pregnancy/breastfeeding defined the primary, dichotomized exposure variable: daily early-life exposure to DS (DS early )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The secondary, dichotomized exposure variable-daily early-life exposure to as- partame (ASP early )-was defined as maternal intake of ≥177 mg/day of aspartame during pregnancy/breastfeeding, from the sum of aspartame dosages in DS + DD other + packets consumed by the mother."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This cut-point was selected because it equals the minimum aspar- tame content per can of the leading diet colas sweetened with aspartame alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Estimates of total maternal aspartame intake from these three sources were possible because mothers were asked to report the specific brands they had consumed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Dosages of aspartame and other NNSs used in each of the leading brands of DS were previously published [85]; for comparable products by other brands, NNS dosages were imputed according to the NNS types specified on product labels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Leading DS brands exclusively sweetened with aspartame contained ≥ 177 mg of aspartame/can [85]; this dosage was, therefore, chosen as the cut-point for ASP early to identify offspring with daily early-life aspartame exposure comparable to that in 1 can of the leading diet colas [85]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For DD other , ingredient-labeling-specified types of NNS used, but not dosages, which are proprietary."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on limited available data, a 12-ounce serving of DD other exclusively sweetened with aspartame was estimated to contain approximately 100 mg of aspartame."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A tabletop packet contains 37 mg of aspartame [86]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Offspring born in 1984 or thereafter, with complete early-life DS exposure data and neurodevelopmental diagnostic data, were included in analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The proportions of off- spring with DS early and ASP early exposures were separately calculated, by sex, for the following diagnostic groups: controls, all ASD cases, ASD cases without autism, autism cases, and the non-regressive version of each case definition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Differences in the proportions of exposed controls and cases, in each category, were calculated using the Pearson χ 2 statistic in Stata/IC 14.2 for Windows."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To assess associations among diagnostic status and the primary and secondary ex- posures under study-DS early and ASP early -multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models (MEGLMs) were used to consider potential influences at two levels: the individual child (level one) and shared intrauterine and familial influences, through the mother (level two)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recruitment source was treated as a level-one predictor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A total of 356 children, including children from 79 sibships, were included in analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Models were fit using the meglm command in Stata/IC 14.2 for Windows."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the primary and secondary exposures of interest- DS early and ASP early -were separately computed for each case definition, by sex, and for all participants, pooled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Adjusted models included the following covariates: recruitment source (IAN vs. SA/STX); year of birth (range, 1985 to 2011), to adjust for secular trends in autism diagnosis; and three dichotomous demographic variables: ethnicity of the child (non-Hispanic white (NHW) vs. other), maternal education (college graduate vs. not), and household income (≥USD 100,000/year vs. less)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In pooled analyses, we additionally adjusted for sex of the child."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For comparison purposes, we also calculated separate ORs for early-life exposures to ≥1 serving/day of aspartame specifically or to any NNS, from the combination of DS, DD other , and/or tabletop packets, with minimum serving size defined as one tabletop sweetener packet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The minimum daily dosage for these analyses would, thus, be 37 mg for aspartame, 36 mg for saccharin, and 12 mg for sucralose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We also performed subgroup analyses for non-regressive ASD and non-regressive autism, using these same exposure variables and covariates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These models were all fit using the meglm command in Stata/IC 14.2 for Windows."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since maternal overweight and obesity (OW/OB), diabetes, and related conditions are associated with an increased risk of ASD among offspring [109-114] and might also influence a woman's decision to use diet products, these represent potential unmeasured confounders in our results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although we have no data on maternal cardiometabolic risk factors in our study sample, we have data for three key demographic measures-household income, educational attainment, and ethnicity-which were previously associated with cardiometabolic risk in population-based studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In earlier studies, a higher prevalence of both OW/OB and diabetes was found among individuals with lower education and income [115-117] and in some ethnic groups other than NHWs [118,119]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We, therefore, included these three sociodemographic measures in all adjusted calculations of ORs for DS early and ASP early (reported in Table 3, Table 4 and Table S1a,b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, for males, we compared the maternal consumption of different diet products within demographic subgroups defined by these variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A higher consumption of diet products within demographic subgroups historically at a higher risk of OW/OB and diabetes would be expected if maternal consumption of diet products in our study population was primarily driven by pre-existing cardiometabolic problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our sensitivity analyses (Figure S1a-c), however, revealed that the proportion of mothers with average NNS intakes ≥ 1 packet/day of NNS were similar across ethnic subgroups (Figure S1c) and were in fact higher among mothers with college degrees (Figure S1b) and from more affluent households (Figure S1a), although none of these differences were statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These results were congruent with those from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999-2000 to 2013-2014, in finding NNS consumption to be higher among NHWs and among participants with higher education and income [88]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The NHANES data, like our own, suggest the possibility that NNS consumption may have been primarily adopted as a preventive, health- promotion strategy, rather than simply in response to existing cardiometabolic problems, in each of these study populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 displays characteristics of controls, ASD cases, autism cases, and non-regressive autism cases, by sex, for the 257 boys (203 ASD cases + 54 controls) and 99 girls (32 ASD cases + 67 controls) included in the analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Maternal education was high overall: ≥60% of mothers in each diagnostic/sex subgroup were college graduates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Over 60% of families had incomes above the 2010 U.S. median of USD 50,000 [87]; incomes were slightly higher for controls and non-regressive autism cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Among boys, roughly 70% of both cases and controls were from IAN, and 70% of cases were NHW, although the proportion of controls who were NHW was slightly lower: 64%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among girls, approximately 90% of cases were from IAN and were NHW, whereas approximately 60% of controls were from IAN and were NHW."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Among males, the proportion of offspring with daily DS early and ASP early exposures dramatically increased with the severity of the diagnostic category and further increased with the non-regressive condition (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nearly one in four males with non-regressive autism (23.3%) had ASP early exposures, and 22.1% had DS early exposures, compared with 7.4% of controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among girls, no comparable trends emerged between their diagnostic status and either DS early or ASP early proportions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similarly, the exposure odds for DS early progressively increased with diagnosis sever- ity and non-regressive condition among males (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the adjusted multivariable model, the exposure odds for DS early were tripled among males with autism: OR = 3.14 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-9.65) and were even higher for males with non-regressive autism: OR = 3.49 (95% CI: 1.10-11.1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No statistically significant associations were detected between DS early and any of the following: total ASD in either sex; any ASD diagnostic category in pooled analyses; or any ASD diagnostic category in girls, among whom ORs were consistently <1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the association between DS early and diagnostic status was specific to autism in males in our analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Likewise, adjusted ORs for ASP early progressively increased with diagnosis severity and non-regressive condition in males (Table 4), among whom ORs were more than tripled among all autism cases and even higher among non-regressive autism cases: OR = 3.42 (95% CI: 1.12-10.4), and OR = 3.72 (95% CI: 1.18-11.8), respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As in the case of DS early , no statistically significant associations were found between ASP early and total ASD in boys, between ASP early and any ASD-related diagnoses in girls (Table S1a), or among all participants combined (Table S1b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ORs for early-life exposure to ≥1 serving/day of any NNS-from either DS, DD other , or tabletop packets-increased with the severity of the diagnosis and ranged from 1.60 (95% CI: 0.69-3.70) for total ASD to 2.09 (95% CI: 0.84-5.18) for non-regressive autism, though were not statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "ORs for daily early-life exposure to ≥1 serving/day of aspartame were higher and ranged from 1.94 (95% CI: 0.76-4.95) for total ASD to 2.63 (95% CI: 0.97-7.19) for non-regressive autism, but none of these was statistically significant."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Taken together, these results suggest a possible threshold effect, with autism diagnosis in boys being associated with more-than-tripled odds of early-life exposure to either ≥1 DS/day or comparable daily aspartame exposure (≥177 mg/day) in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Lower daily dosages, however-for either NNS in general or aspartame specifically-were not associated with autism status in this study sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Nor were statistically significant associations found between either DS early or ASP early exposure and total ASD in boys, between either exposure and any ASD diagnosis in girls (Table S1a), or among all participants combined (Table S1b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To our knowledge, this is the first study to specifically examine the associations between offspring autism status and the daily maternal intake of diet soda and aspartame during pregnancy/breastfeeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among boys, we found more than tripled odds of exposure to either DS early or ASP early among autism cases, compared with controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These associations were both diagnosis- and sex-specific: no statistically significant associations were found for total ASD in boys nor for either diagnostic category in girls, who represented only 17% (n = 28) of total autism cases in our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several possible explanations exist for the lack of associations among girls in our study; these include insufficient statistical power, inherent sex dimorphism in response to DS/aspartame exposures, and possibly even the recruitment strategy itself, which, by including as controls neurotypically developing female siblings of male cases, increased the likelihood that any early-life exposures found to be risk-enhancing among their brothers with ASD might appear to be negatively associated with ASD in the analyses for females."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further research with larger sample sizes for both sexes and prospectively gathered data would be important for investigating this association further in females and in all partici- pants combined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "4"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Boterberg et al., in their overview of publications related to regression in ASD, noted that there is no single published definition for regression in ASD [91]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Along with Ozonoff et al. [ 92], however, they delineated language loss as a core component of regression in ASD [91,92] and noted that this component was included in the earliest descriptions of regression in autism [91]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Regression was historically observed to occur somewhere during the second year after birth or thereafter, although data from newer, prospective studies indicated that regression may occur at earlier ages, even within the first year after birth [91,92]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In an attempt to maximize our ability to detect associations between exposures in early life-in utero and/or through maternal milk-and current autism status and to minimize the influence of later-childhood exposures and influences on autism risk, we attempted to identify and focus on earlier-onset, non-regressive cases by designating a subset of cases whose parents had reported no loss of speech for them, at any point, as \"non-regressive\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We then performed additional analyses for this subgroup, including only offspring without such reported language loss."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since, as Ozonoff et al. noted, regressive events may in fact also occur earlier in life without being detected [92], our \"non-regressive\" category may include some offspring with very-early-life regression; thus, the cases in this subgroup might best be broadly interpreted as \"early-onset\" and likely include both offspring whose differences were noted very early after birth and some for whom regression occurred somewhat later, though still earlier than the onset of speech acquisition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We had hypothesized that, among these earlier-onset, \"non-regressive\" cases, the relative influence of prenatal exposures-compared with exposures later in infancy and early childhood-would be higher than that among all cases combined."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our findings supported this hypothesis: among males, the exposure ORs for non-regressive cases of ASD and autism routinely exceeded those for total ASD and autism cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As previously noted, diet sodas and other diet beverages (DSB) are leading vehicles of aspartame intake in the U.S. [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three clinical trials and two prospective studies previ- ously reported adverse neurological reactions to aspartame and to the daily intake of diet beverages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Increased headache [18] and problems with nervousness/irritability, depres- sion, memory, and spatial orientation [17,20] were reported among aspartame-consuming trial participants, with neurological symptomatology increased among individuals with a history of major depression [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Among 318,257 participants in the National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons (NIH-AARP) Diet and Health study followed for >10 years, incident depression was significantly higher among consumers of aspartame-sweetened tea and coffee, compared with non-consumers, which monoton- ically increased with DS consumption [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, among 1484 older members of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort followed over a decade, the hazards of incident Alzheimer's disease were nearly tripled among participants with cumulative DS consump- tion ≥ 1/day [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The increased incidence of other major cardiometabolic and related problems was also reported among daily adult DSB consumers [93-95]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the adverse impacts from NNS and DSB consumption reported in studies of animals and human adults, respectively, the potential neurodevelopmental impacts of early- life exposure to NNSs in general and to DS/DSB in particular in humans remain largely unexplored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a question of particular concern because between 24% and 30% of pregnant women reported using either NNSs in general [88] or DS/DSB specifically [89,90] during their pregnancies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, a recent Australian study reported detecting one or more NNSs in 100% of 15 cord blood samples analyzed and in 77% of 13 amniotic fluid samples analyzed [96]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Their study is the first to provide direct evidence of transplacental passage of NNSs in humans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Its authors also raised the troubling concern of the possible dose accumulation of NNSs within the fetus [96]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If early-life exposures to aspartame and one of its leading vehicles, DS, do indeed significantly increase autism risk in the unborn child, then it is critical for women of reproductive age to be informed of this association."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Health impacts among the very young-a particularly vulnerable population-remained largely unstudied in humans until 2010, when a publication from the first of three prospec- tive studies described an increased risk of adverse health outcomes among offspring exposed daily in utero to DSB [64,89,97,98] or to the combination of DS + aspartame pack- ets [99]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These studies were the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC; n = 60,466 pregnant women and their infants) [64,97]; the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study (CHILD; n = 2686 pregnant women and their infants) [89,98]; and Project Viva (PV; n = 1683 children from a prospective pre-birth cohort) [99]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the DNBC, daily maternal DSB intake during pregnancy was associated with a 38% increase in total preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation); a 67% increase in early-preterm birth (<32 weeks' gestation) [64]; and-among mothers with gestational diabetes-almost doubled risk of offspring over- weight/obesity by age 7 years [97]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similarly, offspring overweight/obesity by age 1 year was doubled among CHILD offspring exposed to DSB daily in utero [89]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In Project Viva, the children of mothers in the highest quartile of DS + aspartame consumption during pregnancy had significantly higher BMI z-scores and sum of skinfolds throughout early and middle childhood, compared with unexposed offspring [99]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, the as- sociation between maternal NNS intake during pregnancy and subsequent offspring's BMI z-scores increased from age 3 to 18 years [99]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, in each of these prospective studies, daily gestational exposure to these products was associated with increased car- diometabolic risk among offspring, even after adjustment for such important risk factors as pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, caloric intake, physical activity, diabetes status, and demographic characteristics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the results from both CHILD [89] and the DNBC [97], it is notable that the doubling of the overweight/obesity risk observed among DSB-exposed offspring occurred in male, but not in female, offspring [89,97]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is of particular relevance to the current investi- gation because increased neurodevelopmental vulnerability among males was previously reported for both intrauterine and other early-life exposures, including environmental neurotoxicants [100], maternal stress [101], and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota [79]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This heightened vulnerability among males contributes to the four- to eight-fold increased risk of neurodevelopmental problems in human males [100,101]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As noted earlier, the DNBC previously reported a 38% increased risk of total preterm birth (<37 weeks' gestation), and a 67% increased risk of early-preterm birth (<32 weeks' gestation) among offspring whose mothers had consumed DSB daily during their ges- tation [64]; the authors suggested that the aspartame metabolite methanol may have contributed to these impacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Gestational exposures to dietary methanol were estimated in an earlier study by Walton and Monte [7] for 161 ASD cases and 550 controls, by means of retrospective dietary questionnaires completed by their biological mothers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mothers reported their intake of key dietary sources of methanol-including DS, other diet products, and processed fruit and vegetable juices-during pregnancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Based on their estimates, the mean calculated dietary methanol exposure in utero for ASD cases was more than double that among controls: 142 vs. 67 mg/day, respectively, for both sexes combined (p < 0.001 for difference) [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although the key exposure of interest in their study and the range and specificity of the dietary products examined differed from ours, Walton and Monte were the first to report an association between estimated gestational dietary exposure to an aspartame metabolite-methanol-and subsequent ASD status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The congruence of their findings with our own offers support for the need to further investigate the influence of these early-life dietary exposures on autism risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the most frequently reported impacts of aspartame consumption in animal studies is a decrease in the availability of GSH, as well as the adverse metabolic impacts that follow from it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "GSH and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), the major methyl donor for cellular methylation processes [52], are among a number of neuroprotective molecules maintained through folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism (OCM), a system of interre- lated processes that include the folate cycle, the methionine cycle, and the transsulfuration pathway, through which GSH is synthesized, and redox balance is maintained [102]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dys- regulation of OCM was observed in both aspartame-fed animals and individuals with autism [49,50,52,103-105]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In mice, the aspartame-triggered blockade of the transsulfura- tion pathway and the methionine cycle within OCM has led to the reduced availability of GSH, SAM, and other OCM metabolites [52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is notable that decreased GSH and increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, and leaky gut were also observed in both animals fed aspartame and individuals with autism [75,103,106-108]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While our findings do not establish a causal relationship between daily early-life exposure to diet sodas/aspartame and autism risk in males, they nonetheless raise concerns that justify further research, especially given the current widespread use of diet products among pregnant women."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It would be important to study the association between maternal DBS/NNS intake during pregnancy and subsequent offspring autism risk within the context of a larger population in which both the maternal intake of these products and additional maternal characteristics, including cardiometabolic and other risk factors, could be prospectively measured."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the meantime, the congruence between our results and those of earlier studies in finding associations between early-life exposures to DSB and/or aspartame and subsequent chronic health problems in offspring suggests a pattern of increased risk that requires further study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Autism typically results from a perfect storm of adverse impacts, with toxicant expo- sures overlaid upon genetic polymorphisms that confer decreased neuroprotection [102]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As previously summarized, early-life aspartame exposure could potentially contribute to this storm by increasing toxicant load while simultaneously decreasing neuroprotective potential, as indicated in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although daily early-life exposure to DS/aspartame represents only one potential risk-increasing exposure within the total exposome of the developing child, nonetheless-within the context of male sex and other risk factors-it might contribute to overwhelming the delicate neurodevelopmental susceptibility tipping point of a child already at increased risk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our dietary questionnaires were retrospectively completed and focused on maternal intake several years earlier, during pregnancy/breastfeeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Diagnostic status, elapsed time, and/or changes in product formulations may have led to recall bias and/or other information bias in the maternal dietary recalls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As noted earlier, no covariate data were available for maternal overweight/obesity and diabetes, maternal mental health, and other potential confounders in our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, no dietary recall data were available for the paternal intake of these products during the preconceptual period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our estimates of offspring aspartame exposure were based upon the maternal intake of three product cate- gories: diet sodas, other diet beverages, and sweetener packets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While these are prominent vehicles for aspartame consumption, aspartame itself is included as an ingredient in over 6000 dietary, pharmacologic, and cosmetic products [8]; thus, our intake estimates only represented the minimum maternal intake of aspartame: both cases and controls were likely exposed to aspartame from additional sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The overall study sample was small and had low statistical power."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, the number of controls relative to cases was small, especially among males, and included both unrelated controls and siblings of cases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further research is needed to determine whether the apparent associations observed in our study are artifacts of these limitations or in fact arise from the deleterious consequences of early-life exposures to these products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In support of a causal relationship between these early-life exposures and autism risk in males is the striking congruence between our results and those from animal studies as well as from large-scale prospective studies that-even after adjusting for both maternal body mass index, diabetes status, and other key potential confounders-found striking associations between daily gestational exposure to non-nutritive sweeteners and/or diet beverages and subsequent major health problems among offspring, especially among males."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared with male controls, males with autism in our study had more than tripled odds of having been exposed daily-gestationally and/or through breastfeeding-to either diet soda itself or comparable doses of aspartame from multiple sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These exposure odds were the highest among cases with non-regressive autism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These associations do not prove causality."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Taken in concert, however, with previous findings of increased prema- turity and cardiometabolic health impacts among infants and children exposed daily to diet beverages and/or aspartame during pregnancy, they raise new concerns about the potential neurological impacts, which need to be addressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Further research-including larger sample sizes of both sexes and prospective measurement of exposures, additional potential confounders, and outcomes-is needed to evaluate these associations in other study populations and to assess whether they extend to overall ASD risk in boys and to autism and/or ASD risk in girls."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the meantime, however, the possibility that early-life exposures to these products through maternal diet might increase offspring neurodevelopmental risk-at least among boys-is of particular concern."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Between 24% and 30% of pregnant women reported using either non-nutritive sweeteners in general [88] or diet sodas and other diet beverages specif- ically [89,90] during their pregnancies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, a recent study provided evidence of the transplacental passage of these substances in humans [96] and raised troubling questions regarding the dose accumulation of non-nutritive sweeteners within the fetus."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Taken together with widespread gestational exposure to these products and previously reported associations between gestational exposure to these products and adverse health impacts in offspring, these findings suggest that, in the spirit of the Precautionary Prin- ciple [120], women should exercise caution when considering the use of these products during pregnancy and breastfeeding, until further assessments are available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The maternal consumption of these products during periods of heightened offspring vulnerability rep- resents a modifiable potential risk factor, the elimination of which might help to protect susceptible offspring in the next generation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The following supporting information can be downloaded at https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/nu15173772/s1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Table S1a: Adjusted ORs among female offspring for daily early-life exposures to any NNS or to aspartame specifically; Table S1b: Adjusted ORs among all offspring for daily early-life exposures to any NNS or to aspartame specifically; Figure S1a: Among mothers of all males, percentage who consumed ≥1 DS/day, ≥177 mg/day of aspartame, ≥1 packet/day of aspartame (mean daily equivalent), or ≥1 packet/day of any NNS (mean daily equivalent) during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, by substratum of household income; Figure S1b: Among mothers of all males, percentage who consumed ≥1 DS/day, ≥177 mg/day of aspartame, ≥1 packet/day of aspartame (mean daily equivalent), or ≥1 packet/day of any NNS (mean daily equivalent) during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding, by substratum of maternal education; Figure S1c: Among mothers of all males, percentage who consumed ≥1 DS/day, ≥177 mg/day of aspartame, ≥1 packet/day of aspartame (mean daily equivalent), or ≥1 packet/day of any NNS (mean daily equivalent) during"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4884__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The case–control study by Fowler et al. [ 1] assessed the association between pregnant and breastfeeding women’s consumption of diet soda/beverage and aspartame, and the incidence of autism spectrum disorder in their children."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The conclusions appear unjustified and unreliable, based on a lack of plausible biological mechanism and methodological issues, which put the data at a high risk of reverse causality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mothers were asked only to recall the frequency of their intake of diet soda/beverage and of low-calorie sweetener packets, including their intake during pregnancies that occurred up to 30 years earlier, which is highly unreliable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No other dietary information was collected, despite associations of other dietary factors with autism spectrum disorder [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4884__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In humans, aspartame is completely hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes into phenylalanine (50%), aspartate (40%), and methanol (10%) [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Intact aspartame does not enter the blood, nor the large intestine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Aspartame therefore is never present in the placenta, amniotic fluid, or breast milk [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors imply the transplacental passage of aspartame in humans based on a recent study [5] that explicitly stated they did not measure aspartame “due to its rapid degradation . . ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "upon ingestion”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The authors discuss the mechanisms of the metabolites of aspartame implicated in the development of autism spectrum disorder, based primarily on high-dose animal studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, for even the highest human consumers of aspartame, these mechanisms are not biologically plausible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The contribution of amino acids from aspartame is trivial in comparison to dietary proteins and results in no change in human blood levels nor any change in brain amino acid uptake [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0053__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Using dietary surveys, when all sources of methanol are considered (including methanol present in or produced during digestion of fruits, vegetables, juices, coffee, alcoholic beverages, and other food additives, plus the endogenous methanol production), the methanol from aspartame in humans ranged from 1 to 10% of total methanol [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4884__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another significant limitation of this study is the high risk of reverse causality, where high cardiometabolic risk—encompassing obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease—prompts the increased intake of low-calorie sweeteners as a risk mitigation strategy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reverse causality is well documented in the literature evaluating low-calorie sweeteners [7,8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors failed to account for or adjust for key cardiometabolic risk factors, such as maternal obesity and diabetes, which are established risk factors for autism spectrum disorder."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although the authors recognize these limitations, such shortcomings substantially undermine the study’s validity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4884__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, the association between diet soda/beverage and aspartame exposure and autism spectrum disorder reported by Fowler et al. is unreliable, not biologically plausible and is confounded by reverse causality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Caution should be exercised when suggesting that a mothers’ dietary habits play a possible role during pregnancy based on unreliable associations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__critique__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, these findings should be interpreted with significant caution, and we urge for higher standards of quality in nutritional epidemiological studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4884__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thank you for the opportunity to respond to the concerns raised by Ayoub-Charette et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As they disclosed, the senior authors of this Comment have longstanding relationships with industry associations that promote the manufacture and sale of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS), diet sodas, and other diet products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Four of the five authors have disclosed conflicts of interest directly related to the promotion and/or manufacture and sale of NNS and products containing them."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The intermingling of industrial and academic priorities in this group is concerning; we therefore appreciate the opportunity to respond to their comments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overarching issues:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before addressing specific concerns raised by the authors of the Comment, we would repeat and emphasize a key statement from the conclusions section of our paper [2]: These associations do not prove causality."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our data were collected through a case–control study, the limitations of which were previously described in our paper and are reiterated below in response to specific comments by Ayoub-Charette et al. Given these limitations, our results—which are consistent with earlier prospective cohort studies that found increased health risks among offspring gestationally exposed to these substances—raise a warning flag about maternal consumption of these products during pregnancy and breastfeeding but cannot prove causality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nonetheless, taking a historical perspective, it should be noted that case–control studies, in general, are often used as a first step in the epidemiologic search for the causes of rare diseases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Case–control studies, for example, provided early warnings of the link between cigarette smoking and lung cancer before more definitive data on these associations became available through prospective cohort studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "( Please see White’s 1990 discussion of the relative roles of case–control and prospective cohort studies in identifying cigarette smoking as a major causative agent of lung cancer [3])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As White described, in studying the association between cigarette smoking and lung cancer, the epidemiologic study designs that were employed progressed from small case–control studies to larger, meticulously designed case–control studies and then on to large-scale prospective cohort studies [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Using this historical sequence by way of context, our study would reside within the category of small case–control studies, with the limitations we already described."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the earlier investigations into cigarette smoking and lung cancer, small case–control studies identified the association between smoking and lung cancer as early as 1939, but it was not until two larger case–control studies replicating these findings were published in 1950 that the associations were taken more seriously."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As White described, associations between cigarette smoking and lung cancer—identified through case–control studies—were next studied through prospective cohort studies, the results of which were critical in moving medical and public health opinion to accept “. ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": ".the disturbing finding that a pleasant and popular habit was, in the long term, potentially lethal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Conviction that this was so did not come easily” [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, these investigators followed a classic progression: from studying associations using case–control studies to studying them within prospective cohort studies, results from which were less influenced by several limitations of case–control studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Beyond prospective cohort studies, the ideal, gold-standard epidemiologic study design for the evaluation of the relationship between an exposure and an outcome is a clinical intervention, the classic example of which is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the classic RCT, the exposure is hypothesized to be a beneficial one, which can prevent or reduce the health burden from the condition under study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are two main arguments against the use of an RCT in evaluating the associations reported from our study, however: the first is ethical, and the second is logistical."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the first category, based on results from both animal studies and case–control and cohort studies in humans, it is our assessment that it would be unethical to conduct clinical interventions in which soon-to-be pregnant women were randomized to a study arm in which they were instructed to consume diet beverages, NNS in general, or aspartame specifically, daily, in dosages comparable to those found in our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, based upon results from earlier studies in children, Sylvetsky et al. recently wrote, “We propose that the FDA restrict NSSs [non-sugar-sweeteners] in products marketed to children until definitive evidence of benefit and lack of harm is available” [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree with the concerns expressed by these investigators and feel that these concerns are equally valid regarding exposing an embryo or fetus in utero to these products and their metabolites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As to the second issue—logistical difficulties—it would be enormously challenging and expensive to conduct an RCT to study these associations, and also, by our calculations, it might take up to seven years or more to conclude such a study and finish data analyses."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, for both reasons, conducting an RCT to study this question would be problematic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This, therefore, raises the question of which next steps could be pursued to provide more definitive answers to these questions more rapidly."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because data are already available from large-scale prospective cohort studies, we would recommend analyses of these data, with adjustment for additional potential confounders, to further explore these associations without the limitations of our own study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Meta-analyses of results from multiple cohort studies could be used to further evaluate these associations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Meanwhile, analyses of existing data from individual prospective cohort studies would be an important next step in evaluating the associations that emerged from our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Response to specific concerns raised by Ayoub-Charette et al.:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With regard to the limitations in our study data noted by Ayoub-Charette et al., it is worth restating two that we had previously described in our paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, we could not include maternal body mass index, diabetes status, and other maternal cardiometabolic risk factors as covariates in our analyses and thus cannot exclude the possibility that our results may have been confounded by reverse causality: maternal overweight/obesity and diabetes themselves increase the risk of autism and could increase a woman’s motivation to use diet products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our sensitivity analyses, the daily consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners was no higher within key sociodemographic strata previously associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity and diabetes, but adjustments for individual cardiometabolic risk factors will be critical for future analyses of prospectively collected data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, all data were recorded retrospectively, years after the diagnosis of autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0067__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Future analyses of prospectively collected dietary data are warranted to evaluate these associations without these limitations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Ayoub-Charette et al. for the opportunity to affirm that aspartame is indeed rapidly metabolized within the small intestine into aspartic acid (40%), phenylalanine (50%), and methanol (10%) [5], which, in turn, is converted into its highly reactive first-phase metabolite, formaldehyde, a known neurotoxin [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Formaldehyde can be further metabolized into formic acid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this reason, unlike other NNS detected in human amniotic fluid [7], cord blood [7], and breast milk [8], aspartame itself is not detectable in these fluids."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Instead, within and beyond the small intestine, it is the aspartame metabolites and the molecules, bacteria, and tissues with which they interact that would affect the cecal and gut microbiota."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Along with aspartame metabolites themselves, other metabolites produced by the gut microbiota [9–11] also enter the bloodstream and, thence, the tissues, organs, and fluids beyond."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ayoub-Charette et al. expressed concerns about the lack of plausible mechanisms at biologically relevant exposure levels underlying our findings."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From multiple studies in both animals and humans, however, plausible biological mechanisms for our findings emerged from two overarching patterns in aspartame-fed animals and their offspring: adverse impacts on intracellular metabolic processes and adverse impacts on the gut microbiota."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because of the questions raised by Ayoub-Charette et al., these two categories of mechanisms are described below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Unless otherwise noted, references were provided in our paper [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Disruption of One-Carbon Metabolism (OCM); Lowered Availability of Reduced Glutathione (Glutamine Sulfhydryl: GSH); Decreased Antioxidant, Detoxification, and Methylation Capacity; and Increased Oxidative Stress in Aspartame-Fed Animals"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A pre-eminent impact of aspartame consumption in animals was a decreased availability of GSH, a major antioxidant critical for a wide range of functions within neurons and throughout the body [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "GSH protects cells from oxidative stress, provides detoxification protection from both endogenous and exogenous toxins, and supports methylation processes [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "GSH availability is maintained by one-carbon metabolism (OCM), three interrelated metabolic pathways that support the supply of multiple molecules necessary for defense against toxins and oxidative stress, methylation, and other critical cellular processes [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Animals fed aspartame at dosages within normal human consumption ranges [13] demonstrated the following: strikingly decreased levels of GSH, with significantly reduced antioxidant and detoxification capacities [2,13–16]; significantly increased oxidative stress, including elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction [2]; and disruptions of processes within OCM [15], which could explain the GSH depletion and each of the findings above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These findings are strongly congruent with metabolic patterns observed among individuals with autism [12]: decreased GSH availability and total antioxidant capacity; reduced detoxification capacity; and increased oxidative stress, including increased mitochondrial dysfunction [17–20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Autism typically emerges through the overlaying of toxic or other adverse exposures upon individual genetic susceptibility – or, as Heilbrun et al. wrote, “‘dose plus host’ determines toxicity” [21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Through its deleterious impacts on OCM—thereby simultaneously reducing antioxidant and detoxification capacities while increasing toxicant load—aspartame could contribute to the perfect storm which underlies the etiology of autism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Importantly, it could leave exposed individuals more vulnerable to environmental toxins known to increase the risk of autism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ayoub-Charette et al. stated, however, that, at normal consumption dosages, the metabolites of aspartame would not enter the maternal gut or bloodstream in sufficient concentrations to cause harm to gestationally exposed offspring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To examine this question, it is useful to consider the results from several early studies in both animals and humans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These evaluated the impact of aspartame consumption on circulating levels of two of its metabolites—methanol and phenylalanine—using a dose of 34 mg of aspartame/kg body weight (mg/kg), a dosage representing the upper limit (99th percentile) of normal consumption in the general population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For comparison, U.S. and European acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels are 40 and 50 mg/kg, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When this dosage was fed in a single serving to one-year-old infants [22] and to adults in two studies [23,24], their plasma phenylalanine concentrations increased within 30 to 45 min by 90% [22], 54% [23], and 96% [24], respectively, and remained significantly elevated until 2 h after the dose [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Increases in serum methanol concentrations were even more dramatic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In rats [25] and adult humans [23] fed the same dosage, serum methanol concentrations increased by over 130% [25] and by 170% [23], respectively, within 30 to 60 min and remained significantly elevated for three hours [25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In another study, adult males were fed a lower dose of aspartame: 500 mg total, the FDA’s estimated average daily intake of aspartame in humans—equivalent to about 2.8 cans of diet cola—which represented a dosage of approximately 6 to 8.7 mg/kg in the male volunteers in this study [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following this lower dose of aspartame, serum methanol concentrations rose more than 50% above basal levels within 45 min and remained significantly elevated three hours following the dosage [25]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These dosages, given in a single serving, would result in higher individual spikes of circulating phenylalanine and methanol than the average consumer would experience following each of multiple servings throughout the day."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nonetheless, these results suggest a greater impact of aspartame consumption on circulating levels of methanol than the 1% to 10% range reported by Ayoub-Charette et al. In addition, the magnitude of each temporary elevation of circulating metabolites might provide a better indicator of their potential metabolic impacts, compared with the mean overall percentage of their contribution, averaged over 24 h. (Please note variations in phenylalanine concentrations reported by Stegink et al. in 1988, for example [26])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A different approach to evaluating the impact of aspartame consumption, however, is to examine its actual impact on tissues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our paper already described the adverse metabolic impacts of aspartame consumption in a number of studies [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, however, a 2023 study [27] published after our paper reported that pregnant mice treated with aspartame by oral gavage at doses as low as 3.5 mg/kg (comparable to 1.4 cans of diet cola consumed by a 160 lb woman) experienced impaired placental growth and function, with significantly reduced placental and fetal weight [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The investigators also demonstrated a significantly increased production of reactive oxygen species, downregulation of expression of the antioxidant MnSOD, increased intracellular oxidative stress, and diminished cellular proliferation in placental trophoblasts exposed to phenylalanine in vitro in concentrations comparable to 10 mg/kg of aspartame [27]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0077__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, using biologically relevant doses, this recent study further demonstrated adverse metabolic impacts from aspartame consumption or exposure – in this case, on the placenta itself [2,13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Choudhary and Pretorius wrote, “The existing animal studies and the limited human studies suggest that aspartame and its metabolites, whether consumed in quantities significantly higher than the recommended safe dosage or within recommended safe levels, may disrupt the oxidant/antioxidant balance, induce oxidative stress, and damage cell membrane integrity, potentially affecting a variety of cells and tissues and causing a deregulation of cellular function, ultimately leading to systemic inflammation” [13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Adverse Impacts on the Gut Microbiota"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As many as 90% of children with ASD have been estimated to experience gastrointestinal disorders [28], which may exacerbate other symptoms of autism [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Animal studies demonstrated the following impacts of aspartame on the gut microbiota, including several which were found in individuals with autism [30]: increases in total bacteria and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium leptum [10], significantly decreased lactose fermentation and increased abundance of Clostridium cluster IV [9], and reduced diversity within the microbiota [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Disturbances in biodiversity within the microbiome have been reported to cause increased permeability of the gut [28], which can increase inflammation systemically, including within the central nervous system [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Aspartame and two other leading NNSs—sucralose and saccharin— have also increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and increased epithelial barrier permeability [32], which would further exacerbate inflammation systemically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Inflammation itself has been reported to increase autism risk [33]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Investigators have also observed alterations in the production of gut metabolites, including increased production of the cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate in aspartame-fed Sprague–Dawley dams, as well as changes in the cecal microbiome of their offspring, resulting in an increased abundance of propionate-producing strains in the offspring gut microbiome [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Aspartame-fed rat dams exhibited a doubling of serum concentrations of propionate [10], which the investigators hypothesized resulted from increased production of propionate by colon microbiota [10]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Propionate and other SCFAs have been hypothesized to trigger ASD [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As we noted earlier [2], elevated propionate concentrations have been associated with increased permeability of both the gut and the blood–brain barrier [35,36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This combination would allow increased access of toxins from the gut into the bloodstream and, thence, into the brain, as well as throughout the body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0081__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Not surprisingly, therefore, elevated serum propionate levels have been associated with decreased GSH levels and increased oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation [28,37,38] and with an increased risk of autism in several studies [10,35–39]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Aspartame-fed animals have also exhibited significantly increased serum concentrations of kynurenine [11], another metabolite produced by the gut microbiota which is elevated in individuals with autism [28,33,35,40]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Elevated kynurenine has been hypothesized to cause increased excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation [33] and to increase the risk of neuroanatomical problems characteristic of ASD, which arise during fetal brain development [41]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Animal studies have demonstrated that maternal aspartame consumption can adversely impact not only the gut microbiota but also weight gain and glucose tolerance in both the dams themselves and their gestationally exposed offspring who did not themselves consume aspartame [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Germ-free mice that received fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) from these aspartame-exposed offspring subsequently developed the same cardiometabolic problems the offspring had experienced [9]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That these adverse impacts can be replicated through interspecies FMT from offspring offers strong evidence that maternal aspartame consumption provokes deleterious changes in the offspring’s microbiota."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Aspartame consumption has also had adverse impacts on gut microbiota in humans and their offspring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among healthy volunteers fed aspartame for two weeks, significant microbiome composition and functional changes, and heightened glycemic responses were noted in some volunteers—termed ‘responders’—and changes were observed in their plasma metabolome [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Germ-free mice that received FMTs from these ‘responders’ developed similarly elevated glycemic responses [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In another study, three-month-old human infants whose mothers consumed diet beverages daily during pregnancy exhibited increased concentrations of spermidine and succinate—urine metabolites produced in the gut by the metabolism of putrescine—compared with the offspring of mothers who rarely or never consumed these beverages [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Urinary succinate concentrations were associated with increased body mass index in this study [42]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0084__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These studies in both animals and humans demonstrate adverse changes in the gut microbiota resulting from consumption of, or gestational exposure to, aspartame and other NNS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some patterns found in the gut microbiota and metabolites in aspartame- and NNS-exposed animals are similar to those observed in individuals with ASD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As noted earlier, an increased abundance of Clostridium species, for example [43,44], and a lower percentage of Akkermansia [29] have been found in individuals with ASD, as well as among aspartame- and NNS-exposed animals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because our primary, dichotomized exposure variable was daily early-life exposure to ≥1 diet soda/day, and aspartame, Ace K, and sucralose are the three leading NNS used in diet sodas [45], it should be noted that sucralose [11,46] and Ace K [47] have both also been found in multiple studies to have adverse impacts on the gut microbiota [11,46–48]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One study found that the consumption of low doses of sucralose and Ace K by pregnant and lactating mice resulted in significant changes in the gut microbiota and associated processes in their pups [49]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These included significant increases in Firmicutes and decreases in Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut microbiota, changes in concentrations of metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, and diminished hepatic detoxification processes [49]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors noted that similar impacts on the gut microbiota in humans had been associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and stated that “NNS consumption during pregnancy and lactation may adversely affect infant metabolism” [49]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Adverse impacts on the maternal gut microbiota similar to those seen in animal studies would thus result in increased toxicant load systemically, as noted earlier [2], with increased toxicant exposures and oxidative stress for both the mother and the fetus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Correspondingly, a pro-oxidant environment could contribute to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the context of decreased GSH availability and increased vulnerability to oxidative stress and toxins, the overall result would be diminished neuroprotection."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Assertions by Ayoub-Charette et al. that aspartame and its metabolites either do not reach critical organs or reach them in insufficient concentrations to affect either the mother or the child are refuted by the results from these earlier studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our paper, we reported earlier findings of the presence of NNS in 65% of human milk samples [8], 77% of amniotic fluid samples [7], and 100% of cord blood samples studied [7], in order to highlight the extent to which these products are being consumed by pregnant women and to underscore their pervasive presence in the fluids to which both unborn children and infants are exposed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even though intact aspartame cannot be measured in these fluids, the detection of the other two leading NNSs used in diet sodas and other diet beverages in all infant cord blood samples tested and in the large majority of amniotic fluid and milk samples underscores the striking degree to which offspring are now being exposed to these products during periods of profound neurodevelopmental vulnerability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although aspartame does not persist intact in the body long enough to be detected in maternal blood or in these fluids, animal studies have repeatedly demonstrated that, through its metabolites, aspartame has pervasive influences on the health of both the consuming individual and offspring exposed in early life: either gestationally, through nursing, or both."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study is not the first to find associations between gestational/early-life exposures to aspartame or diet beverages and subsequent health risks in human offspring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instead, our results follow and are congruent with those from an earlier case–control study [50], which found that maternal dietary methanol intake during pregnancy, calculated mainly from the consumption of aspartame-sweetened beverages and other products, was more than twice as high among the mothers of children with autism compared with the mothers of neurotypically developing children [50]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our findings are also consistent with reports from large-scale prospective studies in finding significantly increased developmental risks among human offspring exposed in utero to diet sodas and other diet beverages [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These earlier cohort studies employed a prospective collection of dietary recall data and included covariates for several maternal cardiometabolic and dietary risk factors in their analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among offspring gestationally exposed daily to diet sodas or to diet beverages in general, these earlier studies showed a 67% increased risk of early preterm delivery [51], a 57% increase in the risk of infants being large for gestational age at birth [52], an approximate doubling of the risk of being overweight or obese at the age of one year [53] and at the age of seven years [52], and a 30% increased risk of being diagnosed with asthma [54]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We hope that results from future analyses of data from large-scale prospective studies, with adjustments for additional risk factors, will soon become available to shed further light on the question of whether the daily maternal intake of diet sodas and/or aspartame, specifically, is associated with increased autism risk in exposed offspring."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0089__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the meantime, we would reiterate that while our results do not prove causation, they also do not stand alone: they are the latest in a long series of findings from both animal and human studies, suggesting that caution may be advisable for women considering the use of these products during pregnancy and breastfeeding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study is also not the first to sound a warning about the potentially increased risk of developmental problems in offspring exposed to diet sodas, other NNS, and/or aspartame specifically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2018, the following warning appeared in a Science Advisory from the American Heart Association, entitled ‘Low-Calorie Sweetened Beverages and Cardiometabolic Health [55]: “On the basis of the available evidence, the writing group concluded that, at this time, it is prudent to advise against prolonged consumption of LCS [low-calorie-sweetened] beverages by children” [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In 2021, Laforest-Lapointe et al. wrote, “Our study suggests that infants exposed to ASB [artificially sweetened beverages] through their mothers may be at higher risk of shifts in microbial community structure related to early-life predisposition to metabolic diseases” [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 2020, Palatnik et al. wrote, “Emerging evidence from animal studies warns against NNS consumption [in pregnant women] and present specific effects that harm the metabolism in offspring. ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0090__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": ".As evidence accumulates and with about 30% of pregnant women self-reporting NNS consumption and possibly more with unintentional exposure, it is critical to question the safety of NNS consumption during pregnancy” [56]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the combined results from studies in both animals and humans in finding an increased risk of adverse health outcomes among offspring exposed gestationally to diet beverages, NNS, and/or aspartame specifically, we have chosen to follow the precautionary principle and add our voices to those of earlier investigators in encouraging pregnant women to carefully weigh the possible risks to their unborn children when considering the use of these products."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.P.F., L.P.H. and R.F.P.; investigation, R.F.P., L.P.H. and S.P.F.; data curation, L.P.H., R.F.P. and S.P.F.; writing—original draft preparation, S.P.F.; writing—review and editing, R.F.P., D.G.R.d."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "P., P.S.G., L.P.H., M.D.S. and S.P.F.; project administration, R.F.P. and L.P.H.; funding acquisition, R.F.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4884", "paragraph_id": "triad_4884__response__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4884__response__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4884/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4386255382_W4392239391_W4392239914", "triad_name": "triad_4884", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4884__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Venomous snakebites are common in South and Southeast Asia, Africa, as well as in Central and South America [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The significant morbidity and mortality resulting from these injuries are mostly in rural areas that are poorly equipped to handle such medical emergencies [1-4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Snakebite envenomation (SBE) causes around 150,000 deaths and 500,000 disabilities worldwide every year [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In India alone, around 58,000 deaths occur annually and most of these are attributed to the \"Big Four\" snake species which include Toxins 2022, 14, 805."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14110805 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), Indian cobra (Naja naja), saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus), and common krait (Bungarus caeruleus) [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SBE victims are often agricultural workers who accidentally encounter snakes while performing their regular activities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The victims mostly lack basic protection such as suitable footwear and gloves which might prevent bites and envenomation [3,6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The envenomation effects depend on several factors but the species responsible and the amount of venom injected are the key determinants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The most common envenomation effects are neurotoxic, myotoxic, cytotoxic, nephrotoxic, and coagulopathic complications [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, SBE may cause several rare complications such as priapism [8], spleen rupture [9], Wunderlich syndrome [10], pseudoaneurysm [11], and sialolithiasis [12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Optic neuritis is a frequently observed clinical condition that occurs due to the inflam- mation of optic nerves [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This condition is mostly associated with multiple sclerosis; however, there are several factors such as autoimmune disorders and infections which can also induce optic neuritis [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The delay in diagnosing and treating this condition may result in permanent loss of vision."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SBE-induced ocular complications are frequently reported, although their clinical pathology, underlying molecular mechanisms, appropriate diagnosis, and treatment methods are not well understood [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While most of the reported ocular complications are caused by venoms sprayed directly into the eyes from spitting cobras, the non-spitting snakes (including vipers) are known to induce ocular complications following injection of venom in other body parts such as lower and upper limbs [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG), cataract, corneal oedema, macular infarction, and subconjunctival haemorrhage have been rarely reported in victims following envenomation by vipers or other non-spitting snake species [14-17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the best of our knowledge, common krait-induced optic neuritis has not been reported previously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, we report the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treat- ment of optic neuritis that developed in a patient following envenomation by a common krait and compare their features with the one developed in a victim following a cobra bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Despite antivenom treatment, the ocular manifestations developed in both patients several days after the envenomation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This article provides awareness and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis induced by common krait envenomation (similar to cobra bites) which will be beneficial for SBE management, especially in rural areas."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient 1, a healthy 32-year-old female homemaker, was bitten by an Indian cobra on her right foot."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "She developed bilateral ptosis and respiratory depression within 30 min following the bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After evaluation in a local hospital, she was treated with an intravenous infusion of 10 vials (100 mL) of polyvalent antivenom raised against the Indian 'Big Four' snakes as well as neostigmine and atropine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although she improved, on the fifth day after the bite, she complained of decreased vision in both eyes and therefore was referred to the emergency department of our hospital."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The patient arrived at the emergency department without any neurological deficits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, an ophthalmic examination of both eyes revealed sluggish pupillary reactions to light, papilledema (Figure 1A), and the best- corrected vision was finger counting close to the face in both eyes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Anterior slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure and extraocular motility were all normal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Based on these findings, benign intracranial hypertension was suspected, and therefore, brain computed tomography (CT) imaging with contrast was performed but it showed normal results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Lumbar puncture showed normal opening pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Visually evoked responses showed increased latency and decreased amplitude indicative of bilateral optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, an MRI of the brain revealed effacement of the perioptic-optic CSF space and a diffuse increase in T2 signal involving both optic nerves on T2-weighted images (Figure 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "MRI also revealed a hyperintense thickening of the perioptic nerve sheath surrounded by CSF giving a 'polo mint' appearance on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (Figure 1C) confirming the diagnosis of optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on the clinical features, the patient received three doses of intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g of methylprednisolone over 40 min for each dose) over three days to treat optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Following this treatment, the pain subsided rapidly, and the patient was able to see shapes on the following day and her symptoms gradually returned to the baseline vision at 45 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The patient was monitored regularly for up to six months and no other residual effects were observed in their vision or eyes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "22, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 9 sheath surrounded by CSF giving a 'polo mint' appearance on fat-suppressed T2- weighted images (Figure 1C) confirming the diagnosis of optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Based on the clin- ical features, the patient received three doses of intravenous methylprednisolone (1 g of methylprednisolone over 40 min for each dose) over three days to treat optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Fol- lowing this treatment, the pain subsided rapidly, and the patient was able to see shapes on the following day and her symptoms gradually returned to the baseline vision at 45 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0010__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The patient was monitored regularly for up to six months and no other residual effects were observed in their vision or eyes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient 2, a 30-year-old male farmer, was bitten by a common krait while working on his farmland."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He was transported to the emergency department within one hour follow- ing the bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He was unconscious and in respiratory distress upon admission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "He was im- mediately intubated and started on mechanical ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "He was intravenously admin- istered 20 vials (200 mL) of polyvalent antivenom (Bharat Serum and Vaccines Limited, Mumbai, India) raised against the Indian 'Big Four' snakes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "His sensorium, muscle"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient 2, a 30-year-old male farmer, was bitten by a common krait while working on his farmland."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He was transported to the emergency department within one hour following the bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He was unconscious and in respiratory distress upon admission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "He was immediately intubated and started on mechanical ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "He was intravenously administered 20 vials (200 mL) of polyvalent antivenom (Bharat Serum and Vaccines Limited, Mumbai, India) raised against the Indian 'Big Four' snakes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "His sensorium, muscle strength and oxygen saturation improved and were extubated two days after admission/bite."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the fourth day after the bite, he complained of blurred vision and diminished visual acuity similar to patient 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "So, he underwent a thorough neurological examination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "His motor and sensory system examinations were normal without any signs of cerebellar dysfunction or meningeal irritation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "His ophthalmic examination was notable for a visual acuity that was limited to the perception of light and round pupils but sluggishly reactive to light."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "His intraocular pressure was within normal limits and ocular motility and anterior segments were unremarkable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral papilledema."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The visual evoked potentials were indicative of maculopathy and bilateral axonopathic optic neuropathy consistent with optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "MRI of the brain revealed high-intensity changes in both optic nerves on T2-weighted images (Figure 2A) and enlarged optic nerves surrounded by CSF giving a 'polo mint' appearance on fat- suppressed T2-weighted images (Figure 2B) supporting the diagnosis of optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like patient 1, this patient also received three doses of intravenous methylprednisolone over three days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following this treatment, the pain reduced rapidly, and the patient was able to perceive hand movements from the second day of treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "His vision gradually improved to bilateral visual acuity of 6/60 on the sixth day and 6/6 in both eyes within 30 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Regular monitoring for up to six months did not reveal any further residual effects in their vision or eyes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "strength and oxygen saturation improved and were extubated two days after admis- sion/bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the fourth day after the bite, he complained of blurred vision and diminished visual acuity similar to patient 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "So, he underwent a thorough neurological examination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "His motor and sensory system examinations were normal without any signs of cerebellar dysfunction or meningeal irritation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "His ophthalmic examination was notable for a visual acuity that was limited to the perception of light and round pupils but sluggishly reactive to light."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "His intraocular pressure was within normal limits and ocular motility and ante- rior segments were unremarkable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral papilledema."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The visual evoked potentials were indicative of maculopathy and bilateral axonopathic optic neuropathy consistent with optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MRI of the brain revealed high-intensity changes in both optic nerves on T2-weighted images (Figure 2A) and en- larged optic nerves surrounded by CSF giving a 'polo mint' appearance on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images (Figure 2B) supporting the diagnosis of optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like patient 1, this patient also received three doses of intravenous methylprednisolone over three days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following this treatment, the pain reduced rapidly, and the patient was able to perceive hand movements from the second day of treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "His vision gradually improved to bilateral visual acuity of 6/60 on the sixth day and 6/6 in both eyes within 30 days."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regular monitoring for up to six months did not reveal any further residual effects in their vision or eyes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anatomically, greater than one million axons of each optic nerve connect the rods and cones of each eye to the optic chiasm in the brain [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The optic disc serves to connect the axons of the retinal ganglion cells with the optic nerve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The optic nerves are considered an extension of the central nervous system and are divided into four segments which include the intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, and intracranial [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The retina and choroid are rich in blood vessels, but the cornea and lens lack vasculature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Optic neuritis commonly refers to a demyelinating condition and is often described in patients with multiple sclerosis [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, this term is also used more broadly to describe other optic neuropathic complications which result from inflammation of the optic nerves [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren's disease, microbial infections, and other local or systemic inflammatory processes are known to induce optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The early symptoms of optic neuritis include blurred or diminished vision, but the delay in seeking appropriate treatment may result in permanent loss of vision."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although SBE has been known to induce a plethora of local and systemic complica- tions, ocular manifestations are rarely encountered following envenomations, specifically by non-spitting snake species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "SBE-induced ocular complications include subconjunctival haemorrhage, AACG, CRAO, acute anterior uveitis, external ophthalmoplegia, exuda- tive retinal detachment, photophobia, macular infarction, and optic neuritis [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several species of spitting cobras including Naja atra, Naja nigricollis, Naja pallida, and Hemachatus haemachatus from various geographical locations are known to induce ocular complications including optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In many cases, optic neuritis developed a few or several days after envenomation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In some patients, simple water irrigation of the eyes was used to manage ocular damage, while in others, a range of treatment methods was used [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "While spitting cobras directly spray their venom into the eyes and cause ocular complications, the non-spitting snake species induce complications through the injection of venom in other body parts that may induce direct or indirect effects on the eyes based on their pharmacokinetic behaviour [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The impacts of various toxins present in elapid and viper venoms on the ocular system vary based on their molecular mechanisms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, it is important to thoroughly investigate the ocular complications induced by SBE specifically from non-spitting species to underpin their clinical pathology and develop appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, we report a unique case of optic neuritis that developed in a patient following envenomation from a common krait and compare their clinical features with optic neuritis developed in another patient who was bitten by a cobra, both non-spitting elapid species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In both cases, optic neuritis developed a few days after the bite despite antivenom treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The subjective complaints of blurred vision in both scenarios prompted thorough neurological and ophthalmological examinations followed by CT and MRI scans which revealed the development of optic neuritis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite envenomations by two different snakes in these patients, the clinical features developed in both were very similar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, the use of MRI was beneficial in diagnosing optic neuritis and identifying the unique 'polo-mint' appearance of enlarged optic nerves in both patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The envenomations from non-spitting cobras, including the Indian cobra, were previously reported to induce optic neuritis in a few cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, an Indian cobra bite in a 50-year-old male caused diminished visual acuity on the sixth day after SBE and improved over the next few days [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This patient displayed sluggish pupils and diminished visually evoked responses although their fundus was normal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patient was treated with an intravenous infusion of dexamethasone for three days and a tapered oral prednisolone regimen over three weeks with gradual improvement in his vision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, another case of Indian cobra bite developed optic neuritis six days after the bite despite receiving the antivenom treatment [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for seven days followed by a prednisolone taper regimen, which improved their condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, a case of optic neuritis developed in a 7-year-old child following suspected envenomation by a Cape cobra resulting in a permanent disability [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "While there are limited reports available for optic neuritis following non-spitting cobra bites, we were unable to find any reports of optic neuritis following krait envenomation, although they predominately induce neuromuscular effects [24]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0023__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Hence, this study reports the first case of optic neuritis developed following krait envenomation, and its clinical features are comparable to cobra- induced optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to elapid snake species, some vipers such as Crotalus atrox (which is known to spit venom in some cases) [25,26], Daboia russelii [27], and Macrovipera lebetinus [28] as well as specific colubrid snakes were reported to induce optic neuritis [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a Russell's viper bite victim, bilateral blindness developed within 30 min following the bite and improved upon treatment with methylprednisolone [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, Macrovipera lebetinus induced blurred vision and optic neuritis in a patient six days after the bite [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In two cases of viper bites, the venom injection occurred directly in the eyes of the patients resulting in severe necrosis and subconjunctival haemorrhage [29,30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While in some cases, ophthalmological examinations revealed optic neuritis, in others, CT and MRI scans were required to ascertain the development of this condition."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As used in this study, we strongly recommend the use of these sophisticated methods to ascertain the precise nature of damage induced by optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Moreover, most of the reported optic neuritis cases were treated with intravenous and/or oral administration of corticosteroid drugs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In patients with mild ocular effects, water irrigation, topical prednisolone, and/or specific antibiotics were used to successfully manage this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several potential causes reported for the development of optic neuritis following SBE [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, haemorrhage (including those distant from the ocular structures), allergic reactions to antivenoms, and capillary or other vascular injuries are likely to induce inflammation and subsequent ocular damage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Snake venom toxins are well known to induce systemic inflammatory responses with leucocytosis and release various inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα [31]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, this may play a critical role in the development of optic neuritis along with vascular damage and haemorrhage."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Venom metalloproteases induce the degradation of extracellular matrix and basement membrane in capillaries which subsequently results in haemorrhage [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They are known to induce systemic haemorrhage in addition to their effects on local tissues around the bite site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, their effects on the ocular system, which is rich in blood capil- laries (retina and choroid), are largely attributed to ocular haemorrhage and subsequent secondary inflammatory responses [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) has been shown to induce anti-coagulant effects resulting in haemorrhage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Venom metalloproteases, PLA 2 and L-amino acid oxidases can induce inflammatory responses [31]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, these activities may collectively induce ocular complications including optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cytotoxic three-finger toxins, often abundant in elapid venoms, can damage cell membranes [33] and may affect the integrity of the optic nerve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similarly, PLA 2 present in both elapid and viper venoms [34] are likely to directly affect the nerve membranes in the ocular system in addition to their wide range of neurotoxic effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The membrane damage may lead to inflammatory responses which in turn affect the optic nerve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the optic nerve contains both myelinated sections and unmyelinated areas within the eye that fuse with the retinal cells."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Hence, further research is required to underpin exactly how different venom toxins might directly interact with these types of neurons and lead to inflammatory responses resulting in optic neuritis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neurotoxins present in elapid venoms can induce ocular muscle paralysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The movement of four of the six eye muscles (ocular muscles) is controlled by the oculomotor nerve (also known as Cranial Nerve III)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We note that both patients displayed attenuated pupil reaction to light which could be explained through the involvement of the sensory nerve (optic), or the motor response mediated by the motor nerve (oculomotor)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is much debate about the structure of the human ocular nerve with some suggesting that it is unmyelinated, whereas others show that the degree of myelination is low and uneven during early years but thereafter increases significantly with age [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cadaver tissue profiling of the oculomotor nerve from people of the approximate age of our two patients has a clear sign of myelination."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence, the abnormal reaction to light could in part be attributed to the demyelination of the oculomotor nerve as well as the optic nerve."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Generally, SBE-induced posterior segment complications are attributed to direct actions of venom toxins mostly on blood capillaries, while anterior segment com- plications may arise because of secondary inflammation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While vascular complications are likely to occur following envenomation by vipers, due to the low abundance of pro- teolytic enzymes in elapid venoms, they are unlikely to induce such complications with high severity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, the underlying mechanisms in the development of optic neuritis following envenomations by krait and cobras should be further scrutinized to underpin the molecular relationship between their venom toxins and components of the ocular system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is apparent that envenoming by any venomous snake species including elapids, vipers, and colubrids can induce optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, this condition, as well as other ocular manifestations, are not only attributed to typical envenomations of spitting cobras."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The clinicians who treat SBE should be aware of this complication arising from non-spitting snake species specifically several days after the bite despite antivenom administration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fundoscopic examination as well as CT and/or MRI scans together with thorough ophthal- mological and neurological examinations can be used to identify optic neuritis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As reported in most cases, intravenous administration of corticosteroids may be effective in treating this inflammatory condition."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although optic neuritis upon envenomation by non-spitting cobras was reported previously, the development of this condition in a patient with krait envenomation emphasises the need for further research in this area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Moreover, the molecu- lar interactions of various venom toxins with the optic nerves and other components of the eyes should be studied in detail to establish the underlying molecular mechanisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Finally, the impact of antivenom components in the development of this condition should be investigated as this may be another potential cause which could be resolved through further refinements to antivenoms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Both patients provided written informed consent to collect and publish the data presented in this article."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The patients and their relatives were informed about the purpose of this study and its wider use in scientific and clinical communities to improve the clinical management of SBE."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The identity of the offending snake species was confirmed by an experienced herpetologist by examining the dead specimens brought by the patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patients were diagnosed and treated as normal using standard protocols from the World Health Organisation and local health authorities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They received polyvalent antivenom raised against the Indian 'Big Four' snakes from Bharat Serum and Vaccines Limited, India."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The diagnosis of optic neuritis was performed using standard ophthalmic and neurological examinations as well as using CT and MRI scanning equipment available within the hospital."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors declare no conflict of interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4886__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is with interest that I read the case report by Senthilkumaran et al. [ 1], in which the authors described two cases of severe optic neuropathy following envenomation by an Indian cobra (Naja naja) and a common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both patients were treated with antivenom due to systemic envenomation, but developed bilateral optic neuropathy four and five days after the bite regardless."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was severe visual loss and papilledema with hemorrhages; the diagnosis of optic neuropathy (or optic neuritis) was established using MRI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both patients regained full visual acuity after a high dose of intravenous methylprednisolone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors present various possible mechanisms for the cause, including “allergic reactions to antivenoms” amongst other causes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "I would like to take the opportunity to present a few arguments from other studies that suggest antivenom as a cause for the reported symptoms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4886__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our review of the online available literature [2], ten other case reports of optic neuropathies after a snakebite can be found [3–12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nine describe a similar syndrome of severe bilateral vision loss and papilledema with hemorrhages, several days (mostly six) after initial envenomation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4886__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Symptoms of neurotoxicity after snakebite envenomation usually develop more quickly (several minutes up to nineteen hours [13])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A conflicting temporal association between the bite and the onset of ocular symptoms would make a direct effect of the venom less likely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Various snakes are described in the literature; three patients were envenomated by elapids [7,8,11] and four by vipers [3,4,9,10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While elapid venom is mostly neurotoxic, viper venom is predominantly hemotoxic."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Due to species-specific differences in venoms, venom as a common cause for optic neuropathy is therefore questionable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4886__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Antivenom, however, is a common cause; the reported patients received intravenous antivenom as part of the initial treatment, before the development of ocular symptoms [3–11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Interestingly, in one of the reported cases, the offending snake was discovered to be non-venomous after the antivenom had already been administered [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This patient, too, developed visual deterioration with papilledema six days after antivenom was given."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The same syndrome has even been described in a case of scorpion envenomation, in which a (similar) antivenom was given to a patient without signs of systemic involvement [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "She developed bilateral optic neuropathy after five days as well."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4886__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though there are a few cases of optic neuropathy after a snakebite, antivenom could be one of the probable causes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, it is hard to draw definitive conclusions, and other causes should not be overlooked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Inflammation caused by a snakebite, triggering an aberrant immune response, could be another cause explaining the above cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since antivenom is given in a majority of venomous snakebites, this could be a probable cause of bias in this regard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, in most reports, there is no clear description of the used antivenom."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Authors are encouraged to specify the type (e.g., serum immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin fragments), dose, and producer of antivenom in future reports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__critique__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This information can contribute to the development of a new generation of antivenoms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4886__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank the author for showing interest in our article [1] and proposing antivenom as a potential cause for the snakebite-induced bilateral optic neuritis that we reported in two snakebite victims [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our primary aim of this article was to report the “polo mint” appearance that we observed using MRI in those patients and to emphasise the necessity for early diagnosis using sophisticated techniques such as MRI and treatment with corticosteroids to promptly tackle this condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, krait bite-induced optic neuritis has not been reported previously, and thus, we reported the first case of krait bite developing this condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Through this article, we also wanted to caution clinicians that they should continue to monitor patients for any delayed complications such as optic neuritis including in krait envenomation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They should consider using techniques such as MRI to identify the precise damage and use corticosteroids promptly to manage this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4886__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4886", "paragraph_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This condition can be caused by various issues including bacterial and viral infections [3,4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Optic neuritis and similar manifestations have been previously reported in some viper [5–7] and elapid [8] snakebite victims."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that induce optic neuritis in snakebite victims were not completely understood."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We highlighted a list of potential causes for snakebite-induced optic neuritis in our article including snakebite-induced haemorrhage and inflammation, venom, and antivenom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As the precise mechanisms for optic neuritis following snakebite envenomation are largely unknown, further research is essential to establish the molecular relationships between snakebites/venoms and optic neuritis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence, we agree with the author that antivenom could be a potential cause along with several other factors for optic neuritis following envenoming."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4886__response__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Further scientific research could establish the causes and underlying mechanisms for developing optic neuritis in snakebite victims."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4886/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4309787604_W4392058448_W4392197919", "triad_name": "triad_4886", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4886__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation and evolution of behavior is becoming increasingly recognized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Changes in the epigenetic status of DNA provide mecha- nisms for the control of gene expression, with processes such as DNA methylation being associated with the up- regulation or downregulation of genes that influence be- havior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some of the clearest examples to date come from the growing body of evidence that epigenetic state is asso- ciated with differences in behavior among members of so- cial insect colonies (e.g., Kucharski et al. 2008; Lyko et al. 2010; Smith et al. 2012; Amarasinghe et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "How- ever, epigenetic processes may also be associated with ge- nomic imprinting (Haig 2002; Patten et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Genomic imprinting is the epigenetic phenomenon by which alleles in offspring vary in their pattern of expression as a result of the parent from which those alleles are inherited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This means that a maternally inherited allele (inherited from the mother and called a matrigene by Patten et al. 2014) has a different pattern of expression from a paternally in- herited allele (inherited from the father; a patrigene), lead- ing to parent-of-origin specific gene expression (POGE)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Much of the interest in terms of the evolution of geno- mic imprinting has revolved around intragenomic conflict, whereby different actors-such as males and females or parents and offspring-are under opposing forces of selec- tion to control gene expression in focal individuals, which might include themselves (e.g., Spencer 2000; Haig 2002; Úbeda and Haig 2004; Rice 2013; Holman and Kokko 2014; Patten et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Under the kinship theory of ge- nomic imprinting, the conflicts arise due to differences among individuals in their patterns of relatedness to each other; for instance, females are always related to all of their offspring, but males may be related to only some of the off- spring of a female he has mated with."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This means that males would be favored by selection if they could manip- ulate their offspring to obtain as many resources as possi- ble from their mother."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This can bring maternally and pa- ternally inherited alleles within an individual into conflict, for instance, over maternal investment, and POGE is ex- pected to evolve (Haig 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Epigenetic mechanisms then provide the opportunity to influence the expression of par- ticular alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "DNA methylation is a key molecular mecha- nism of imprinting, whereby differing \"imprints\" are laid down in eggs and sperm, and the subsequent inheritance of these marks leads to differential gene expression at im- printed loci in the offspring (Reik and Walter 2001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here, we investigate the role of DNA methylation in facultative sex allocation behavior in the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis and what this role could mean for * Corresponding author; e-mail: nc52@st-andrews.ac.uk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions intragenomic conflict over sex allocation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Female Nasonia allocate sex broadly in line with Hamilton's theory of local mate competition (LMC; Hamilton 1967, 1979; Burton- Chellew et al. 2008; West 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As with all Hymenoptera, N. vitripennis is haplodiploid, with males developing from unfertilized (haploid) eggs, and females developing from fertilized (diploid) eggs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This means that females are in putative control of sex allocation, either releasing sperm stored in their spermatheca to fertilize an egg prior to ovi- position, hence producing a daughter, or not releasing sperm and instead laying an unfertilized egg that will develop into a son."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Females laying eggs alone on their blowfly pupae hosts produce very female-biased sex ratios (considered through- out as proportion male)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As mating takes place when adults emerge from the remains of the host (males are brachypter- ous in this species, with adult females dispersing away after mating), this female bias reduces competition among sons for mates and maximizes the number of mates for those sons (Taylor 1981)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, females produce less-biased, or even male-biased, sex ratios, depending on the number of other females (foundresses) ovipositing together on a host and the relative clutch sizes produced by those females (Hamilton 1967; Werren 1980; West 2009)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While we have a detailed understanding of the information used by fe- male Nasonia during sex allocation (e.g., Werren 1980, 1983; King et al. 1995; Shuker and West 2004; Shuker et al. 2005, 2006a; Burton-Chellew et al. 2008), we have only a rudimentary understanding of the genetic basis of sex al- location (Pannebakker et al. 2008, 2011, 2013)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recent theory has shown that maternally and paternally inherited alleles have different patterns of optimal sex al- location under LMC (Wild and West 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In haplo- diploids such as Nasonia, maternally inherited alleles in a female are more closely related to female offspring than paternally inherited alleles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This means that maternally inherited alleles are selected to produce more female- biased sex ratios than their paternally inherited counter- parts (fig. 1A), although the predicted differences in spe- cies with female control of sex allocation (as in Nasonia; but see Shuker et al. 2006b) are small."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Crucially, parent-of- origin information must be associated with each allele, for instance, via epigenetic marks (see \"Discussion\" for further information)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recent work has confirmed genome-wide DNA meth- ylation in Nasonia, with approximately 30% of genes hav- ing methylated CpG sequences, mostly in exons, with methylation typically associated with increased gene ex- pression (Wang et al. 2013; see also Beeler et al. 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we use the demethylating agent 5-aza-2 0 -deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) to manipulate the genome-wide DNA methyla- tion status of female N. vitripennis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are a number of possible outcomes of this manipulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "First, the sex allo- cation machinery, from the perception of LMC cues (e.g., Shuker and West 2004) to the control of fertilization, could be independent of any influence of DNA methyl- ation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We have recently shown that facultative sex alloca- tion in N. vitripennis is not associated with changes in gene expression, even though oviposition itself is (Pannebakker et al. 2013; N. Cook, U. Trivedi, B. Pannebakker, M. Blaxter, M. Ritchie, E. Tauber, T. Sneddon, and D. Shuker, unpub- lished manuscript), so there may be limited scope for DNA methylation to influence short-term gene expression of sex ratio-related genes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, disrupting DNA methylation could destroy facultative sex allocation, with All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions females producing either (i) effectively random sex ratios (mean of 0.5, high variance), (ii) pathologically low sex ra- tios (all or nearly all daughters), or (iii) pathologically high sex ratios (all or nearly all sons)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the case of (ii), this would suggest that females might be expected to produce sex ratios similar to that of single foundresses (in the range of 0.1-0.2) regardless of the numbers of foundresses on a patch and the level of LMC that male offspring will experience."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This might suggest that disrupting DNA methylation is disrupting infor- mation gathering and/or processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the case of (iii), this might suggest that disrupted methylation leads to disruption of control over fertilization, with females no longer able to fertilize eggs (thereby producing only sons)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The remaining alternative is that facultative sex allocation is not destroyed, and females still shift sex ratios with increasing foundress numbers but the shape of the LMC curve is altered (Wild and West 2009; fig. 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We do not have an a priori prediction in this instance, as the shift in the LMC curve will depend on whether what we usually see (and in our control females) is closer to a maternally inherited allele optimum, a pater- nally inherited allele optimum, or a form of evolutionary com- promise between the two."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, if the genes of interest follow the pattern of being upregulated when methylated (Wang et al. 2013), then an overall increase in sex ratio across the LMC reaction norm following our demethyla- tion manipulation would imply the silencing of genes asso- ciated with producing a lower sex ratio."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nasonia vitripennis are gregarious parasitoids of dipteran pupae (Whiting 1967)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The focal females used in this exper- iment were from the wild-type AsymC strain, the genome of which was recently sequenced (Werren et al. 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wasps are maintained on Calliphora spp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "hosts at 257C with a 16L∶8D photoperiod."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cofoundresses were drawn from the red-eye mutant STDR strain, allowing us to track the offspring of a focal AsymC female using eye color."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We used 5-aza-dC (Sigma Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) at a nonlethal concentration to reduce methylation across the genome in adult female N. vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Widely used in epigenetic anticancer treatments (Jones and Taylor 1980; Seidel et al. 2012; Yang et al. 2014), 5-aza-dC is a hypo- methylating agent that works by inhibiting DNA methyl- transferase activity (Creusot et al. 1982; Christman 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During continued exposure, 5-aza-dC molecules are incor- porated into DNA during replication in the place of cyto- sine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This results in a passive loss of methylation across the genome as DNA methyltransferases become irrevers- ibly bound to the 5-aza-dC residues in DNA, thereby in- hibiting their function."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mated AsymC females were collected from stock popula- tions and individually allowed to parasitize three Calliphora vicina hosts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These hosts were incubated, and emerging brothers and sisters were allowed to mate for 48 h. We then took one female per sibship and individually pretreated each female with access to a fresh host for 24 h (which al- lows host feeding and egg development)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We then allocated experimental females to one of two treatments: (1) control females, which were fed a 20% sucrose solution from a microcentrifuge tube lid for 48 h; and (2) treated females, which were fed a 20% sucrose solution, supplemented with 10 mM 5-aza-dC, also for 48 h. Fresh solution was provided after 24 h, and all solutions were colored with green food col- oring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Subsequent dissection of 20 females from each treat- ment showed that all females had traces of green in the gut and, as such, were confirmed to have fed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Treated and control females were then individually placed in one of three foundress conditions (alone, 5 foun- dresses, 10 foundresses) in a standard LMC manipula- tion (e.g., Werren 1983; Shuker and West 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 5 and 10 foundress treatments consisted of a focal female and 4 or 9 STDR cofoundresses, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In all treat- ment combinations, three hosts were provided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After 60 min, one-way escape tubes were fitted to the vials to allow females to disperse away from patches following oviposition if they chose to."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After 24 h, we removed all females and incubated the hosts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Throughout, all wasps and parasitized hosts were kept at 257C with a 16L∶8D photoperiod."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "All emerging offspring were sexed, geno- typed by eye color (black or red), and counted to determine the sex ratio produced by each focal female."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Any clutches composed entirely of male offspring were removed from further analysis, as these are likely to have arisen from virgin females."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the small effect sizes predicted (Wild and West 2009) and observed (see below), the entire experiment was performed twice (with experimental block included in the analysis)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A total of 520 sex ratios across two ex- perimental blocks, with N p 64-107 for each treatment combination, were analyzed (raw data are deposited in the Dryad Digital Repository: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad .15nj0 [Cook et al. 2015])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As is standard for sex ratio anal- yses (Wilson and Hardy 2002), we used a generalized linear modeling approach implemented in SPSS 21 (IBM, Ar- monk, NY), analyzing sex ratios with a binomial error struc- ture and a logit link function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We used F tests to test for significance to account for slight overdispersion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As expected, untreated females produced the classic LMC response, with sex ratio increasing with foundress num- ber (fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Treated females also displayed facultative sex allocation, again producing less female-biased sex ra- tios with increasing foundress number (foundress number:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions F 1, 515 p 94.18, P < .001; foundress number 2 : F 1, 515 p 36.49, P < .001; fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, treated females produced slightly less female-biased sex ratios than control females (F 1, 515 p 5.28, P p .022), a pattern that was similar across foundresses (interactions: P > .05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Importantly, clutch size varied with foundress number as expected, with focal fe- males in multifoundress groups producing fewer offspring than single foundresses (F 1, 516 p 467.28, P < .0001), but there was no difference in the clutch sizes produced by treated versus untreated females (F 1, 516 p 0.47, P p .50)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that the chemical treatment of mothers did not lead to differential mortality of male or female offspring."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Experimental manipulation of genome-wide DNA meth- ylation using a common demethylating agent leads to sub- tle changes in sex allocation in Nasonia vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Im- portantly, the general shape of facultative sex allocation is not altered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Females still respond to increasing numbers of cofoundresses, as predicted by classical LMC theory (Ham- ilton 1967; fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that the presence or ab- sence of epigenetic marks on genes associated with sex allo- cation does not influence whether facultative sex allocation occurs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the curve is subtly shifted up following treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-dC. Clutch size did not vary with 5-aza-dC treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, there is no evidence that embryonic lethality as a result of reduced DNA methylation in focal females (Zwier et al. 2012) has in- fluenced the sex ratios observed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our data are consistent with predictions of genomic conflict over sex allocation under LMC (Wild and West 2009), whereby disrupting DNA methylation has shifted the balance between maternally and paternally inherited alleles within ovipositing female wasps."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their 2009 pub- lication, Wild and West comprehensively examined the ex- tent to which conflict between maternally and paternally inherited alleles could arise over the allocation of resources to male and female offspring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They explored conflict in a range of situations encompassing competitive and cooper- ative interactions between relatives, ploidy, and whether sex allocation is controlled by the mother or the offspring."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a haplodiploid species with maternal control over the sex ratio, it is predicted that paternally inherited alleles will favor a more even sex ratio, whereas maternally inherited alleles will favor a more female-biased sex ratio (fig. 1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To understand the differing perspectives, it is necessary to consider three generations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Briefly, consider a grandmater- nal allele: this allele can find its way into granddaughters via both sons and daughters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The grandpaternal allele can achieve the same only via daughters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This means that the maternally inherited allele is more closely related to daugh- ters than the paternally inherited allele."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the ma- ternally inherited allele places a greater relative genetic value on daughters than does the paternally inherited allele, lead- ing to a more female-biased sex ratio."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sex ratios pro- duced by untreated females in our experiment would ap- pear to be closer to a maternally inherited allele optimum, with the treatment shifting sex ratios toward greater male production (as predicted for paternally inherited alleles)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Taking into consideration that methylation is typically associated with increased gene expression in N. vitripennis (Wang et al. 2013), we hypothesize that maternally in- herited alleles might be \"winning\" the conflict, with meth- ylation perhaps associated with upregulation of the mater- nal allele(s)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is the first (albeit indirect) experimental evidence for such a genomic conflict over sex allocation, using recently developed theory to guide our interpretation of the phenotypic changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of course, a more complete test requires proof of genomic imprinting, such that DNA meth- ylation \"imprints\" carry parent-of-origin information across generations, for instance, by manipulating the DNA meth- ylation status of males and females across generations using the techniques described here and observing changes in sex ratio."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given that the N. vitripennis methylome has recently been sequenced (Wang et al. 2013; Beeler et al. 2014), future research will determine which methylated DNA sequences are involved in sex allocation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we have recently shown that there is (so far) no detectable differential gene expres- sion associated with facultative sex allocation in Nasonia (N. Cook, U. Trivedi, B. Pannebakker, M. Blaxter, M. Ritchie, E. Tauber, T. Sneddon, and D. Shuker, unpublished man- uscript), it would appear that disrupting DNA methylation is not having its effect by changing patterns of gene expres- sion during oviposition, but rather the effect must be up- stream, perhaps changing the sex allocation machinery prior to the female actually having to allocate sex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We are still some way off of uncovering what this machinery is."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More generally, our data show how elucidating the mechanism of familiar behaviors can enrich our understanding of them, in this case, showing that we may need to consider genomic conflict in our models of sex allocation under LMC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Fur- thermore, our data confirm that new theoretical and em- pirical insights are still there to be discovered, even in well- studied systems such as sex allocation in parasitoid wasps."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_310__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The use of DNA demethylating agents has been popular in epigenetic studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recently, Cook and colleagues, in a 2015 American Naturalist article, claimed an effect of 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) on the sex ratio of a parasitoid wasp without verifying its effect on DNA methylation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We repeated the 5-aza-dC feeding treatment to test its effectiveness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We used bisulfite amplicon sequencing of 10 genes that either were heavily methylated, previously showed a response to 5-aza-dC, or were suggested to regulate fatty acid synthesis epigenetically, and we demonstrate that wasps fed 5-aza-dC did not show reduced DNA methylation at these loci."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the conclusion that demethylation shifts sex ratios upward needs reconsideration."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Epigenetics is a rapidly expanding field of research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In an increasing number of developmental, reproductive, and behavioral processes, epigenetic variation has been shown to affect the phenotype and its plasticity [1][2][3][4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Epigenetic DNA modifications affect the accessibility of genomic regions for regulatory proteins or protein complexes through mechanisms such as altered DNA methylation patterns or altered histone modification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A large number of studies have reported variation between populations in the overall degree of DNA methylation patterns, which were linked to phenotypic differences [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, the use of demethylating agents such as 5-aza-20-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) has been popular in showing the impact of DNA methylation on the phenotype."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The 5-aza-dC is incorporated into the DNA, where it inhibits DNA methylation [6], as has been shown in plants [1][7], invertebrates [8][9][10], and vertebrates [11][12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, Cook et al. ( 2015) applied 5-aza-dC to test for an effect of DNA demethylation on the sex ratio response of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis, which is known to adjust the sex ratio of its clutch based on the number of founding females in a host brood [13][14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this experiment, wasps that were fed 5-aza-dC in a 20% sucrose solution showed a slight but consistent shift in sex ratio in the direction predicted by theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, no validation of the actual demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC was carried out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In fact, demethylation efficacy should be verified for each organism and each concentration at which 5-aza-dC is applied because 5-aza-dC is known to have a wide range of antimetabolic activities that could confound its demethylating effect [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, the lack of such evidence in the study by Cook and colleagues precludes the observed change in sex ratio in N. vitripennis to be attributed to a decrease in DNA methylation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several other studies followed Cook et al. ( 2015) and administered 5-aza-dC in an identical manner to the same or other parasitoid species, with no [15] or very limited [16] quantification of its effect on DNA methylation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the latter study, only four CpG sites were tested, each one in a different gene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although subtle changes were seen in methylation status for three out of the four loci, loci were not tested separately for significant changes, and the number of CpG sites tested was too low to obtain a representative estimate of the effect of 5-aza-dC on the epigenome [16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here we want to emphasize the importance of validating the demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC when testing hypotheses about the relationship between DNA methylation and phenotypic expression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition to sex allocation [13] and induction of diapause [16], several other phenotypes have been implied in parasitoid wasps to be regulated epigenetically, including caste determination [17] and fatty acid composition [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For a more reliable interpretation of all experiments with orally administered 5-aza-dC to parasitoids, it will be necessary to have a better idea of the extent and pervasiveness of demethylating effect of this method."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Therefore, we applied oral 5-aza-dC treatment on N. vitripennis in the same dose as previous studies [13][16] and tested its effect on DNA methylation of 155 CpG sites distributed over 10 different genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We included (i) genes that were heavily methylated based on several published genome methylation scans in this species [18][19][16], (ii) genes that were previously shown by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to change their CpG methylation status in response to 5-aza-dC [16], and (iii) genes that are implied to be regulated epigenetically based on the lack of sequence variation despite different expression levels and phenotypes [20][21][22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the latter category, we chose genes that are involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, as N. vitripennis lacks the ability to convert dietary sugars into fatty acids [23][20], similar to most other parasitoid wasps [24][25][26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No apparent gene loss or pseudogenization has been observed in pathways relevant to lipogenesis [27], and DNA methylation has been suggested as a regulator of fatty acid synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster [21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, we hypothesize that N. vitripennis may regain lipid production after demethylation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Methylation status of the genes was assessed using high-throughput bisulfite amplicon sequencing (BSAS) on an Illumina platform [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With this method it is possible to accurately estimate the percentage of methylated CpGs per site at very high coverage (on average 12,000 times per sample in our experiment)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We tested the hypothesis that 5-aza-dC treatment following established methods in N. vitripennis [13] results in significant DNA demethylation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, we measured lipid reserves of wasps in control and 5-aza-dC treatments over a 9-day period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These phenotypic measurements served a twofold purpose: first, if 5-aza-dC treatments result in significant changes in DNA methylation, we can test whether there is a concomitant change in lipid levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, if no effect of 5-aza-dC treatments on DNA methylation is found, the phenotypic measurements allow us to ascertain the general effectiveness of our 5-aza-dC treatment, as the antimetabolic activity of the demethylation agent is expected to cause a decrease in physical condition of the wasps, for which lipid reserves are a general and sensitive measure [24][29]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fully homozygous wild-type strain AsymCX of Nasonia vitripennis of which the genome sequence is available [27] was chosen for our experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These wasps were reared on Calliphora vomitoria pupae at 25°C, 16L:8D photoperiod, and 75% relative humidity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To test the effect of 5-aza-dC on N. vitripennis, newly emerged females (<4 h old) were randomly assigned to either of two treatments: 5-aza-dC and control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Each treatment consisted of four biological replicates, with each replicate consisting of 10 pooled females."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Wasps were kept in a plastic tube (height×diameter = 75.0 mm×23.5 mm) with a sponge stopper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Wasps in the control treatment were fed a 20% sucrose solution, while the wasps in the 5-aza-dC treatment were fed a 20% sucrose solution to which 10 mM of 5-aza-dC was added, following the methods applied by previous studies [13][16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In both treatments, wasps were kept without food for several hours before giving them access to the sucrose solution to ensure a high motivation to feed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Wasps were observed to start feeding immediately when food was offered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is important because 5-aza-dC has low solution stability and a half-life of about 25 min in human cytoplasma due to high activity of cytidine deaminase [6], an enzyme for which the gene is also present in N. vitripennis (LOC107980937)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "After 2 days, wasps were put in 70% ethanol and stored at -20°C for further analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0030__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "No individuals were removed or excluded from the experiment because all survived our treatments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a positive control of 5-aza-dC effectiveness, another set of wasps was given the same feeding treatments as above in parallel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After feeding for 2 days on the same solutions as above, these wasps were given clean sucrose solution for another week to test for an extended effect of 5-aza-dC incorporation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Randomly chosen samples of wasps from both treatments were frozen on days 0 (emergence), 2, and 9."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We measured their per capita lipid levels following standard methods [30][24][26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All data on lipid levels have been deposited in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.d305qm1 [31]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All four biological replicates (each consisting of 10 wasps) were washed with 70% ethanol, vacuum dried, and crushed in 100 µL of phosphate-buffered saline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For DNA isolation, we followed a modified protocol of Promega."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In short, we added 100 µL of Nuclei Lysis Solution (Promega) and 2 µL of Proteinase K (20 mg/mL; Roche) and incubated the lysate for 60 min at 60°C."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After incubation, we added 170 µL of Lysis Buffer (Promega), vortexed shortly, and centrifuged the mixture for 10 min at 14,000 rpm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We used spin columns and DNA wash buffer (Promega) to isolate the DNA from the supernatant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For each sample, an aliquot of DNA was converted with bisulfite following the protocol of the EZ DNA Methylation-Gold kit (Zymo)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We selected 10 different gene fragments for measuring the DNA methylation level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Genes aa and rnapol were chosen based on their consistently heavy methylation pattern in both Wang et al. ( 2013) and Beeler et al. ( 2014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Genes perq and wdr36 contain highly methylated sites in the study by Pegoraro et al. ( 2016) and had reduced DNA methylation in their dmnt3-knockdown experiments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0032__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Genes acc, fabd, fasn1, fasn2, fasn3, and mcd are part of the fatty acid metabolic pathway, which has been suggested to be epigenetically regulated [20][21]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For every fragment, we developed primers on the bisulfite-converted sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, we added nonconverted PCR products of aa and rnapol to counterbalance the low CG content in the sequencing library due to bisulfite conversion of C → T. Primers and PCR conditions are listed in table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For PCR, we used the GoTaq Flexi DNA Polymerase protocol (Promega) according to the manufacturer’s specifications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "PCR products were loaded on a 1.5% agarose gel, and bands of the correct size were cut out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "PCR fragments were purified using the NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Macherey-Nagel)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "DNA concentrations of all 96 (two treatments, 12 amplicons, four replicates per amplicon) purified PCR fragments were measured with Qubit DNA-HS technology (ThermoFisher Scientific)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Amplicons were diluted to a concentration of 0.2 ng/mL. We prepared dual index libraries following the Nextera XT DNA Library prep kit and the Nextera Index kit (Illumina)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Ninety out of 96 samples passed our quality check on an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer system, and these were normalized and pooled to a final pool of 3 nM. The pooled amplicon library was sequenced at Macrogen using Illumina MiSeq 150 bp paired-end sequencing technology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "No reads mapping to fasn2 were recovered, indicating that the library preparation failed for this amplicon."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0033__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The raw short-read sequence data are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information Short Read Archive under BioProject number PRJNA52613."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Differences in lipid levels of wasps were tested using ANCOVA with feeding treatment and time as independent variables and fat-free dry mass as the covariate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ANCOVAs were used for every day separately as post hoc tests (with a p < 0.05/3) to verify on which day the lipid levels diverged between treatments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Raw sequence data were checked for quality with FastQC version 0.11.3 [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Illumina primers were trimmed with Trimmomatic version 0.35 [33] and demultiplexed with a Python script."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Reads were mapped to target gene sequences using Bowtie 2 version 2.2.6 [34], and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were called using the mpileup function in SAMtools version 0.1.19 [35] and summarized using BCFtools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because we used an entirely homozygous strain (AsymCX), SNP calling of reads against the reference genome gives only sites with varying methylation level plus a small number of sequencing errors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Efficiency of the bisulfite conversion was measured on the proportion of C → T SNPs in non-CpG sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "SNPs in non-CpG sites were removed from this data set."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Only CpG sites with >100 times the coverage were retained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We calculated the proportion of methylated cytosines per site and plotted the results in R version 3.2.5 [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Using this pipeline, we obtained a data set of per-site methylation proportions for all amplicons and treatments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Differences in methylation level per site were tested separately for each amplicon using a two-way ANOVA with treatment and site as factors, including interactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0034__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "It is important to emphasize that site was included as a fixed effect in the model with each site assigned a unique code, so we did not test for a nonzero slope."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The lipid content of wasps is plotted in figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite feeding on sucrose, lipid levels decreased continuously over time in both treatments (ANCOVA, F1, 219 = 102.3, P < 0.001), which conforms to expectations for fatty acid auxotrophs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Feeding treatment had a significant effect on lipid levels (ANCOVA, F1, 219 = 6.657, P = 0.011), with a larger decrease in lipid content in the 5-aza-dC feeding treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On day 0, there was no difference between lipid levels between treatments (ANCOVA, F1, 74 = 0.907, P = 0.344), while on day 2 (ANCOVA, F1, 69 = 6.775, P = 0.011) and day 9 (ANCOVA, F1, 72 = 14.91, P < 0.001) lipid levels were significantly lower in the 5-aza-dC feeding treatment than in the control treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After quality filtering and trimming, the DNA sequence data set consisted of 1,513,412 paired-end reads in total."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of these, 90.8% mapped to the reference gene sequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We obtained 2,101 SNPs in total, of which 1,357 had a coverage of >100 times per sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bisulfite conversion was highly effective at a rate of 98.86% ± 0.39% (mean ± SE)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No C → T SNPs were observed in the non-bisulfite-converted amplicons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Figure 2 shows a histogram of the coverage per site for all amplicons combined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Of the 155 CpG sites of our target amplicons, 148 were SNPs in our data set."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Some CpG sites had a lower proportion of cytosine than predicted by the bisulfite conversion efficiency (i.e., these sites are probably never methylated in situ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0036__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The proportion of methylated cytosines is plotted per CpG site per amplicon in figure 3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For a substantial proportion of the 155 individual CpG sites, methylation level increased or decreased in the 5-aza-dC relative to the control, but we tested changes in methylation status at the whole amplicon level (table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In all amplicons we found significant differences in methylation level per site over the length of the amplicon (all P < 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no significant differences in methylation levels between 5-aza-dC and control treatments (all P > 0.1) and no significant interactions between treatment and site on the amplicon (all P > 0.05)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We expected 5-aza-dC-fed wasps to have a lower proportion of methylated CpG sites compared to the controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, no significant differences between 5-aza-dC-fed and control treatments were found in any of the genes we examined at the 10-mM doses provided, the dose commonly used in other studies in this model system [13][16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although for a substantial proportion of the 155 individual CpG sites we noted a decrease or increase in methylation status, our results demonstrate that 5-aza-dC does not consistently reduce DNA methylation in the nine amplicons that we tested."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This result is corroborated by a recent genome-wide methylation study in Nasonia vitripennis, also showing a lack of uniform demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC treatment across sites [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We observed the same result for each of the three categories of genes we tested: there was no reduction in DNA methylation in highly methylated genes, nor in genes previously shown to have varying methylation levels, nor in genes involved in lipogenesis, a metabolic process that has been suggested to be epigenetically regulated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found a negative effect of 5-aza-dC treatment on lipid levels of N. vitripennis, most likely due to the detrimental effects of antimetabolic activity of 5-aza-dC [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, previous studies that attributed phenotypic changes in 5-aza-dC-fed wasps to a decrease in DNA methylation should be reconsidered in the light of the current results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The high proportion (98.86%) of C → T SNPs in non-CpG sites proved that the bisulfite conversion efficiency in our study was high, also compared to other methods [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In CpG sites, the average methylation level was 0.09%–80.73% per site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These two observations imply that the lack of a demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC was not due to inefficient bisulfite conversion or improper detection of DNA methylation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two CpG sites were tested in both our BSAS study and the MethylQuant-based study by Pegoraro et al. ( 2016)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The MethylQuant-tested sites correspond in our study to sites 113 and 220 for perq and wdr36, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Site 113 for wdr36 is the only site in this amplicon with a detectable methylation level, with considerable variation between samples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Site 220 for perq seems to have a higher methylation level in 5-aza-dC-treated wasps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, most other sites in this amplicon show no difference, similar to the rest of the data set."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These differences could be life stage specific, a general pattern also found by Wang et al. ( 2013)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In plants and fungi, genome-wide DNA methylation levels have repeatedly been shown to decrease after 5-aza-dC treatment, often with associated changes in phenotypes such as growth, flowering phenology, or secondary metabolite production [39][1][7][40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The evidence for a demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC in arthropods is much less strong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is partly because the major insect genetic model Drosophila lacks a DNA methylation system [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In other arthropod model systems, DNA methylation is present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In Daphnia, for instance, 5-aza-dC had a clear demethylating effect on four out of the five tested genes, which differed among CpG sites [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, few insect studies have shown a consistent effect of 5-aza-dC. In bumble bees, 5-aza-dC has an effect on overall DNA methylation, but its effect is erratic, as hyper- and hypomethylation were both observed after 5-aza-dC treatment [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A similar variable effect of 5-aza-dC treatment on methylation status of individual CpG sites was also found in a genome-wide study of methylation in N. vitripennis [37]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0041__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Our study adds to this growing body of literature by showing a lack of consistent demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC in N. vitripennis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There may be several causes for this lack of a demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC in N. vitripennis and in insects in general."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 5-aza-dC is usually administered via the food, and one explanation may be that the animals did not feed enough."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our study, however, we observed all wasps to feed within minutes after the food was offered, ensuring that 5-aza-dC was ingested by all wasps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, the phenotypic effect of 5-aza-dC treatment on lipid reserves indicates that the 5-aza-dC solution was effective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "An alternative explanation for the lack of demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC could be that there is a paucity of cell division in adult insects [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Incorporation of 5-aza-dC into the DNA happens only during cell division and is necessary to inactivate the DNA methyltransferase 1 enzyme [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In adult insects, only a few tissues contain regenerative cells, such as cells involved in neurogenesis in the brain of the house cricket Acheta domesticus [43], intestinal stem cells in the midgut of Drosophila melanogaster [44], and germ cells continuously dividing in ovaria of N. vitripennis [45]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0042__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Compared to organisms with continuous growth, the amount of cell division in adult insects is low, yet an effect of 5-aza-dC on DNA methylation would have been possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We showed a small but significant negative effect of 5-aza-dC on lipid levels in N. vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lipid levels decreased over time in wasps in both treatments, but the rate of decrease was higher in 5-aza-dC-treated wasps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this is probably not biologically significant but due mainly to detrimental effects of 5-aza-dC on wasp health."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The five genes involved in the fatty acid synthesis contain many CpG sites, but methylation levels varied substantially among genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In FASN1, FASN3, and ACC, methylation levels at CpG sites were on average less than 1%, whereas MCD and FabD showed high methylation levels at CpG sites on various locations in the amplicon."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, 5-aza-dC did not influence the DNA methylation levels in any of these genes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our results suggest that phenotypic differences observed in adult wasps after administering 5-aza-dC arise through a mechanism independent of DNA methylation—for instance, an effect on other metabolic processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Even though we did not quantify sex ratio in our study, our results warrant further investigation of the previously reported relationship between DNA methylation and sex allocation in N. vitripennis [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Due to the inconsistent effect of 5-aza-dC for DNA demethylation, it would not be advisable for future studies on the link between CpG methylation and phenotypes in N. vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Pupal knockdown of DNA methyltransferases could be a good alternative, although this will also remove methylation of sites that could be essential for successful metamorphosis and thus lead to premature mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A second alternative is the use of the nonspecific DMNT1 inhibitor RG108 [46], but as far as we know this method remains untested in N. vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__critique__p0043__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In all scenarios, the study should always include evidence showing consistent changes in DNA methylation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_310__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We previously demonstrated that treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) alters the offspring sex ratios produced by females of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Females allocate offspring sex ratio in line with Local Mate Competition theory, producing more or less female-biased sex ratios as the number of other females laying eggs on a patch varies, thereby reducing competition amongst their sons for mates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, treatment with 5-aza-dC did not ablate the facultative sex allocation response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Instead, sex ratios became less female-biased, a shift in the direction of the optimum sex ratio for paternally-inherited alleles according to genomic conflict theory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This was the first (albeit indirect) experimental evidence for genomic conflict over sex allocation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Ellers et al. ( 2019) have since assayed the effects of 5-aza-dC on DNA methylation in ten Nasonia genes, finding no evidence of demethylation in these 10 genes, from which they conclude that 5-aza-dC has no demethylating capability in Nasonia vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Quantifying the efficacy of 5-aza-dC in terms of demethylation is indeed crucial to in-depth interpretation of studies using 5-aza-dC to link phenotypes to epigenetic regulation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0044__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Here, we outline the mode of action of 5-aza-dC and demonstrate that determining the efficacy of 5-aza-dC in insect systems requires a whole-genome approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "DNA methylation, sex allocation and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine In a previous study, we demonstrated that treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) alters the sex allocation response of Nasonia vitripennis females [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As with all Hymenoptera, N. vitripennis is a haplodiploid species, with males arising from unfertilized, haploid eggs and females developing from fertilized, diploid eggs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Females are in putative control of sex allocation, either laying unfertilized eggs that will become sons or releasing sperm to fertilize eggs that will become daughters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Female Nasonia allocate sex broadly in line with Local Mate Competition (LMC) theory [2][3][4]; females laying eggs alone will produce very female-biased sex ratios to minimize competition amongst their sons for mates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As the number of laying females (foundresses) on a patch increases though, the level of LMC consequently declines and less female-biased sex ratios are produced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Recent theory, however, has demonstrated that maternally- and paternally-inherited alleles should have differing patterns of optimal sex allocation under LMC, with maternally-inherited alleles selected to produce more female-biased sex ratios [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Importantly, parent-of-origin information must be associated with each allele, for instance via epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We demonstrated that disrupting DNA methylation with 5-aza-dC did not ablate the facultative sex allocation response, but instead found that sex ratios were shifted in the direction of the paternal optimum (sex ratios became more less female-biased; [1])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This result was consistent with predictions from genomic conflict over sex allocation theory [5], suggesting that unmanipulated sex ratios are closer to the optimum for maternally-inherited alleles (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Ellers et al. ( 2019), in their valuable comment on this study, raised the valid point that the efficacy of 5-aza-dC in insect systems should be tested, and have suggested from their own experimentation that 5-aza-dC does not disrupt methylation in Nasonia vitripennis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0045__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "To fully address their comments, we will begin by briefly reviewing the mechanism by which 5-aza-dC brings about the demethylation of DNA, before showing that assessing the role of 5-az-dC requires a whole genome approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Originally synthesized in 1964 by Piskala and Sorm (and also known as 5-AZA-CdR, DAC, decitabine, ZdCyD and AzaD amongst other names), 5-aza-dC is an analog of the natural nucleoside 2′-deoxycytidine (the carbon at the 5-position of the pyrimidine ring is replaced by a nitrogen) and was repurposed as a demethylating agent in 1980 [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Much of the current attention surrounding 5-aza-dC is attributable to its success in the treatment of cancers, particularly acute myeloid leukaemia and myelodysplastic syndrome [7][8][9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In mammals, DNA methylation acts as a transcriptional silencer and the clinical efficacy of 5-aza-dC results from its ability to reactivate tumor suppressor genes silenced by aberrant DNA methylation [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "DNA methylation for the vast majority of cases occurs at the C5 position of the cytosine ring in CpG dinucleotides and is catalysed by DNA methyltransferase enzymes (Dnmts), of which 3 types are known in eukaryotes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Dnmt3 establishes DNA methylation patterns de novo, Dnmt1 maintains these patterns, and Dnmt2 is involved in tRNA methylation [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "DNA methyltransferase genes have been found across the Insecta, varying in presence/absence and copy number across species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The Nasonia vitripennis genome encodes a full DNA methylation toolkit including 3 copies of Dnmt1 [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "DNA methylation itself is also present across the Insecta and is largely restricted to the transcribed regions of genes, in contrast to DNA methylation in mammals, which is found throughout the genome [13][14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In addition, genomic levels of DNA methylation in insects is much lower (0-14%; [13]) as compared to 60-90% in mammals [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0046__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Regardless of the level of DNA methylation present within a genome, or whether methylation signals transcriptional suppression (as in mammals) or acts to maintain transcript integrity and/or initiate/regulate splicing (as has been suggested for the insects: reviewed [14]), the epigenetic modification itself is, to our knowledge, chemically identical."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The introduction of 5-aza-dC to a cell results in a cascade of chemical reactions to cause an eventual reduction in DNA methylation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Upon its introduction to a cell 5-aza-dC is activated in situ via phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase, producing the biologically active triphosphate form of 5-aza-dC, 5-aza-dCTP [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This active form is an excellent substrate for DNA polymerase and is readily incorporated into DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle [16][17][18][19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the resulting daughter strands produced from a DNA replication event, hemi-methylated CpG sites are remethylated by Dnmt1 to fully restore the patterns of methylation present in the parent strand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, where 5-aza-dCTP is incorporated into the daughter DNA strand, a covalent bond is formed between 5-aza-dCTP and a cysteine residue in the active site of Dnmt1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Since the carbon at the 5-position in dCTP is replaced with a nitrogen in 5-aza-dCTP, the methyl transfer reaction cannot take place and Dnmt1 becomes irreversibly bound to the DNA [15][20][21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, treatment with 5-aza-dC results in a diminishing pool of Dnmt1, resulting in the passive loss of DNA methylation: this is the key effect of 5-aza-dC. Importantly, there is evidence that the effects of 5-aza-dC are unlikely to be random across methylated CpGs in a given genome, as genomic context can influence the extent to which its action is effective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "DNA sequence context plays a role, with demethylation of CpGs outside of CpG islands occurring at a higher frequency [22][23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The distribution of transcription factor binding sites is also influential with, for example, “demethylation-sensitive” genes enriched for Forkhead box (Fox) binding sites and “demethylation-resistant” genes enriched for basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) binding sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Indeed, some genes are never demethylated and these are enriched for binding motifs not present in demethylated genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "More broadly, 5-aza-dC activity appears to be targeted to transcriptionally active euchromatin in mammalian cells [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0047__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Given that the mode of action of 5-aza-dC is passive, these results indicate that specific loci remain demethylated after replication, whereas others at first appear “resistant” because they become preferentially remethylated by the remaining pool of DNA methyltransferase, leading to non-random patterns of demethylation [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Ellers et al. ( 2019) that quantifying the demethylation efficacy of orally-administered 5-aza-dC in N. vitripennis will permit a more complete understanding of the relationship between DNA methylation and the sex allocation phenotype in Nasonia (see [1])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "More broadly, this will allow us to determine the extent to which genome-wide demethylation can be altered with 5-aza-dC in insect systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In their analysis of the involvement of DNA methylation in the photoperiodic diapause response in Nasonia, Pegoraro et al. ( 2016) demonstrated that consumption of 5-aza-dC led to demethylation at specified CpG sites on a small scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ellers et al. ( 2019) have examined the demethylating effect of 5-aza-dC at 155 CpG sites spread across 9 candidate genes in a slightly more comprehensive analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors found no significantly differentially methylated CpGs at any of the 155 sites in association with 5-aza-dC exposure and conclude from this result that 5-aza-dC has no demethylating effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To our knowledge, there is no evidence to suggest that the candidate genes chosen by Ellers et al. ( 2019) are more (or less) likely to be influenced by 5-aza-dC – i.e. to have genomic contexts which favor or disfavor its action."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It would also be the first time that 5-aza-dC would have been shown to be inert in an organism in terms of influencing DNA methylation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As such, to get a more complete picture and to more accurately quantify the demethylation efficacy of 5-aza-dC, we suggest that a whole-genome approach is required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the first instance, it is important to note that genomic DNA methylation in Nasonia is relatively low, with estimates ranging from 0.63% to 1.6 % of all CpG sites methylated [25][26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These estimates are comparable with other hymenopterans such as the honeybee, which has approximately 0.7% methylated CpGs [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, a demethylation effect will be inherently difficult to detect just by looking across a small number of CpGs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ellers et al. ( 2019) examined fragments of 9 genes to examine for evidence of demethylation due to 5-aza-dC treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Two genes were chosen because of a heavy methylation pattern (aa and rnapol) and five (acc, fabd, fasn1, fasn3, and mcd) are part of the fatty acid metabolic pathway, purported to be epigenetically regulated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Two additional genes were selected from the study of Pegoraro et al. ( 2016; perq and wdr36) based on the incorrect assumption that these genes are heavily methylated under the conditions tested by Ellers et al. In fact, perq and wdr36 display elevated methylation only under long photoperiods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Whilst these genes may be heavily methylated under certain conditions and/or epigenetically regulated, there is no confirmed evidence in insects that the genomic context of these particular genes predisposes them to demethylation by 5-aza-dC. As outlined above, demethylation via 5-aza-dC occurs due to a lack of functional Dnmt1 to restore methylation to CpG sites post-replication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Given the contextual nature of the action of 5-aza-dC, there is a risk of false negatives in terms of assessing its genome-wide action."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0049__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Therefore, a lack of demethylation in the gene fragments examined by Ellers et al. ( 2019) cannot be used to conclude that 5-aza-dC does not affect DNA methylation across the genome more broadly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 24, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [24, 24, 24], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Quantifying the efficacy of 5-aza-dC Recently we carried out a genome-wide analysis of the demethylating capacity of 5-aza-dC in Nasonia vitripennis [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Briefly, female wasps were exposed to one of three 5-aza-dC exposure regimes: 1) 20% sucrose for 24h, 2) 20% sucrose supplemented with 10 µM 5-aza-dC for 24h and 3) 20% sucrose supplemented with 10 µM 5-aza-dC for 48h."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For each of these three regimes, females were harvested at 0, 24 and 48h post-exposure and, prior to DNA extraction, heads were excised from the bodies as a nod in the direction of a tissue-specific analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whole-genome sequencing of bisulphite-treated DNA samples was carried out to determine the methylation status of individual CpG sites across the genome (proportion of methylated reads/total reads per CpG)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Median coverage depth across the whole experiment was approximately 900X across 4 million CpGs after quality filtering."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To examine the data as a whole, we summed proportion of methylated reads for each CpG by gene, to broadly account for contextual similarity of CpGs within the same genic region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Data were available for over 11,000 genes comprising 85% of the protein-coding genes in the Nasonia vitripennis genome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Distinct clustering of samples was associated with 5-aza-dC exposure regime, clearly demonstrating that 5-aza-dC exposure has a quantifiable effect on DNA methylation status on a genome-wide scale (Figure 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "To explore DNA methylation changes at the gene level, we used a generalized linear modelling approach to determine which genes had significantly different proportions of methylation across the gene with respect to 5-aza-dC exposure regime, time-point after exposure, and tissue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "To encapsulate these results, we found that approximately 8500 genes showed significantly altered methylation in response to treatment with 5-aza-dC. Interestingly, it appears that methylation in some genes initially increases in response to treatment with 5-aza-dC, an effect that is noticeable after 24h of exposure and then less prevalent after 48h of exposure (Figure 2B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In our data, two of the genes tested by Ellers et al., aa and rnapol, do not exhibit significant differential methylation in association with “feeding regime” in our experiments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, four of their tested genes (perq, acc, fasn1, and fasn3) exhibit significantly altered methylation levels in association with an overall effect of “feeding regime”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Interestingly a decrease in methylation levels of these genes (relative to controls) is noted in wasps that were exposed to 5-aza-dC for a 48-hour period but not in wasps exposed to 5-aza-dC for a 24-hour period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "This indicates that 5-aza-dC may take longer to exert its effects on these four genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "We also note that Ellers et al. have used newly emerged N. vitripennis females, whereas we used two-day old mated females; the effects of 5-aza-dC are known to differ with life-stage (see below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "We are unable to draw comparisons between our analysis and that of Ellers et al. for their remaining three genes; for wdr36 and fabd we do not find any CpGs in the Ensembl Nasonia vitripennis annotation (v 2.1), and mcd was excluded from our analysis as genes with zero coverage for all samples in any particular treatment group were removed prior to statistical analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Hyper-methylation has been observed previously in response to treatment with 5-aza-dC. Using “amplification of intermethylated sites” (AIMS) in honeybees, Amarasinghe et al. ( 2014) observed hypomethylation in 10 and hypermethylation in 9 of 62 loci in 5-aza-dC exposed individuals relative to controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Also, it looks as though Ellers et al. ( 2019), using bisulphite amplicon sequencing, may have uncovered some CpGs that exhibit hypermethylation in 5-aza-dC treated samples, particularly in perq (Ellers et al. 2019: Figure 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "It is also noteworthy that two of the nine genes reported by Ellers et al. ( 2019; in their Table 3 and Figure 3) show marginally significant Treatment X Site interaction (fabd, p=0.055; fasn1, p=0.079)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "This reflects the fact that 5-aza-dC affects CpG sites in a context-specific manner (and possibly in different directions), an effect which is likely masked in their data by other sites that do not differ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "The mechanism by which hypermethylation is brought about by 5-aza-dC is as yet unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "Current understanding of the DNA methylation machinery suggests that there are a range of Dnmt-including complexes and that there is cross-talk between them in terms of their roles in de novo and maintenance methylation [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "It is possible that drug-induced demethylation in one region of the genome may have altered the regulation of the DNA methylation machinery itself, such that hyper-methylation occurs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0050__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Nonetheless, it is clear that 5-aza-dC alters methylation patterns in the N. vitripennis genome and that this is associated with the allocation of offspring sex ratio [28][1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [19, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Possible confounding effects Ellers et al. ( 2019) raised the valid concern that the anti-metabolic activity of 5-aza-dC could result in a decline in the physical condition of Nasonia vitripennis females, indirectly producing observed phenotypic differences through a mechanism independent of DNA demethylation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whilst we have shown that 5-aza-dC at the dosage used in our original experiment [1] produces altered methylation patterns (above; [28]), the possibility of confounding side-effects should not be ignored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We do note, however, that an effect of condition-dependent sex allocation has yet to be elucidated in Nasonia vitripennis, although pathological side-effects of any given chemical exposure cannot be discounted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also note that sub-lethal exposure to neurotoxic neonicotinoid pesticides does also influence sex allocation, albeit in the opposite direction to that seen with 5-aza-dC; i.e. more female-biased sex ratios are seen than expected: [30][31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In humans, the major side effect of 5-aza-dC treatment is myelosuppression [10], a condition in which bone marrow activity is decreased resulting in fewer red and white blood cells and platelets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is difficult of course to extrapolate to what the major side effect of the drug in insects might be, if any."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In mammals, high-dose schedules result in an increased presence of DNA-Dnmt1 adducts which impede DNA polymerase function, leading to growth arrest and apoptosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, low-dose schedules are known to capitalize on the hypomethylating capability of the drug and minimize these additional cytotoxic effects [6][32][33][34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In trialling the cancer drug 5-aza-dC as a tool for molecular ecology and evolution studies, researchers have also used low doses to achieve DNA demethylation [35][36][1][37][38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In their 2014 study, examining DNA methylation differences between different reproductive worker castes in Bombus terrestris, Amarasinghe et al. used 5-aza-dC (<10µM) on both callows (bees less than one day old) and adults (bees more than one day old)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This is less than half of the lowest concentration (25µM) used to test for genotoxic effects of 5-aza-dC in Drosophila melanogaster at a range of concentrations [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Their experimentation showed no effect of 5-aza-dC on the adult bees in contrast to the callows, which developed larger ovaries, became more aggressive, and showed altered methylation patterns (at 19 of 62 tested loci) relative to controls of the same age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The authors hypothesized that cells in adult bees may be largely post-mitotic thus decreasing the efficacy of 5-aza-dC in adults vs callows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Importantly, neither callows nor adults showed reduced activity or reproduction, indeed callows became more reproductive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "If the effects of 5-aza-dC were merely toxic it is reasonable to assume that reduced fitness would be observed in both age groups even if altered methylation patterns occurred only in callow bees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Ellers et al. quantified the lipid reserves of both control wasps and those treated with 5-aza-dC as a general measure of body condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The authors showed that lipid reserves were significantly lower as a result of 5-aza-dC treatment and that reserves in both treatment and control groups declined over the duration of the experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "The authors conclude that these differences in lipid reserves can only be attributed to a detrimental effect of 5-aza-dC on wasp health given that they observed no alterations in DNA methylation in a total of 6 genes involved in fatty acid metabolism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Given demonstrations that 5-aza-dC does produce altered methylation patterns [36][37][28] it is possible that hypo- or hyper-methylation in genes untested in their experiment could have induced a decrease in lipid reserves; the six genes tested cannot be regarded as representative of the entire fatty acid metabolism pathway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Interestingly, Amarasinghe et al. ( 2014) noted increased reproductive capability as a result of 5-aza-dC so it is possible that the observed reduction in lipid reserves is due to the diversion of resources elsewhere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0051__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "It is also unclear whether the decline in lipid reserves was sufficient to produce a true reduction in fitness in terms of offspring production or longevity as this information is not available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5-aza-dC and evolutionary ecology Research has determined that 5-aza-dC acts to alter methylation patterns in insects and has assisted evolutionary biologists in elucidating a role for epigenetics in a range of phenotypic traits, including sex allocation, worker reproduction, and diapause [28][37][36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, a greater understanding of how 5-aza-dC brings about altered methylation could improve the precision of its use in evolutionary ecology studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a starting point, careful selection of the life-stage of experimental individuals can prove important."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "5-aza-dC had no demonstrable effect on DNA methylation when administered to bees more than one day old but resulted in significant hypo- and hyper-methylation in younger bees [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This may be due to the passive mode of action of 5-aza-dC and a higher percentage of cells in adult bees being post-mitotic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This effect is also likely to be dose-dependent and species-specific."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, if no effect of 5-aza-dC is initially observed in a given species, it is worthwhile investigating the efficacy at different life-stages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Upon introduction to the cell, 5-aza-dC is converted to 5-aza-dCTP but, in addition, 5-aza-dC is also subject to deamination resulting in an inactive form of the drug being produced alongside the active form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is due to very high levels of cytidine deaminase in the human liver and spleen [40][41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Ellers et al. ( 2019) called attention to the fact that cytidine deaminase is also present in insects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Indeed, there is a “cytidine deaminase-like” gene in the Nasonia vitripennis genome (NCBI: LOC107980937) which may act to degrade some of the introduced 5-aza-dC to its inactive form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "To counteract this effect, the use of an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase, such as tetrahydrouridine or zebularine has been suggested [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "When administered in combination with 5-aza-dC in preclinical trials, the cytidine deaminase inhibitor zebularine was shown to increase the clinical efficacy of 5-aza-dC in cell lines by reducing the degradation of 5-aza-dC [43]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0052__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Pilot experiments to determine whether the use of a cytidine deaminase inhibitor increases the efficacy of 5-aza-dC in insect study systems would be beneficial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "310", "paragraph_id": "triad_310__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Concluding remarks Here, we have discussed the mechanisms by which the demethylating agent 5-aza-dC exerts its effect and illustrated that a whole-genome approach is required to determine the efficacy of this agent in Nasonia vitripennis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Having used drug-induced demethylation to validate a role for epigenetic regulation in sex allocation [1][28], the desirable next step would be to ascertain which CpGs are involved in the expression of the sex allocation phenotype; i.e. the causal CpGs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As outlined above, research has shown that drug-induced demethylation is non-random and reproducible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_310__response__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Experimentation is warranted to determine the reproducibility and the genomic context underlying the methylation patterns produced by 5-aza-dC in N. vitripennis and other insect systems."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_310/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1110309252_W2943934269_W2944517964", "triad_name": "triad_310", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_310__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Behavioral traits of waterfowl have led to various hypotheses about the location and degree of popu- lation genetic structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, in most waterfowl species females exhibit greater natal and breeding site fidelity than males (Greenwood 1980, Anderson et al. 1992)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Over sufficient periods of time and spatial scale, natal philopatry can lead to genetic differenti- ation, especially at maternally inherited molecular loci such as mtDNA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, both sexes may exhibit winter site fidelity for a variety of ecological and genetic reasons, including re-establishment of breed- ing pairs as mate choice is thought to occur on the wintering grounds (reviewed by Robertson and Cooke 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In either case adult nest or winter site fidelity might also serve to differentiate populations, but only at larger scales where populations are separated at distances greater than all dispersal events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, even at these larger scales, genetic differentiation can be limited by historical demo- graphic processes and large effective population sizes, which reduces the diversifying forces of mutation and drift (reviewed by Avise 2004)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Harlequin Ducks, molt-site fidelity would only lead to demographic and population genetic structure if molting flocks remain as distinct units throughout the entire year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Regehr et al. ( 2001) observed that Harlequin Duck broods may accompany adult females to molting sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, it is not known if juvenile Harlequin Ducks, especially females, return to these same molting areas as adults in subsequent years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Tracking natal dispersal of birds via mark-recapture methods is very difficult be- cause efforts must be made to recapture previous- ly marked individuals across a wide range of possi- ble dispersal distances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This difficulty is compound- ed among sea duck species, which typically do not breed until their second or third year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, data from multiple years and wide geographical efforts would be needed to discern the range of possible dispersal events (Lebreton et. al. 2003)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, if dispersal is male-biased, one might predict higher levels of population differentiation using maternally inherited mtDNA in contrast to nuclear DNA, which tracks both maternal and paternal lineages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lanctot et al. ( 1999) observed precisely this pattern, with slightly elevated levels of differentiation for mtDNA in comparison to nuclear microsatellite data among regional groupings of female Harlequin Ducks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Still, the level of mtDNA differentiation observed by Lanctot et al. ( 1999) was low (W ST 5 0.05) suggesting some female gene flow, but at a reduced level compared to males."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cooke et al. ( 2000) viewed the genetic data of Lanctot et al. ( 1999) as validation of their conclu- sions of male-mediated gene flow, but Iverson et al. ( 2004) found the genetic data unable to ''indicate'' the fine-scale population structure suggested by the homing rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, little is known about the breeding area origins of molting Harlequin Ducks in Prince William Sound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Genetic data would only indicate fine-scale structure if each molting flock remained isolated throughout the year and over thousands of generations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A more likely scenario is that each molting flock is composed of birds from multiple breeding areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, consider the genetic implica- tions of demographic independence on such a fine scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If juveniles follow females to molting sites each year and then both sexes continually return to those sites each year at a homing rate of 0.95-1.0 (Iverson et al. 2004), two immediate predictions for these flocks are: (1) elevated levels of inbreeding within each ''demographically independent'' molting flock, and (2) substantially higher levels of mtDNA population differentiation due to the smaller effective population size of mtDNA compared to nuclear loci and the small size of each molting flock (n , 30), compounding genetic drift."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Neither of these predic- tions is borne out by Lanctot et al. ( 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Genotype data from five microsatellite loci showed no signif- icant heterozygote deficiencies, inbreeding coeffi- cients did not differ significantly from zero, and levels of population differentiation estimated using mtDNA were low."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other hypotheses concerning the population ge- netics of wintering Harlequin Ducks in Prince William Sound include: (1) a lack of power among genetic markers to distinguish wintering groups, (2) insufficient time since populations expanded into northern latitudes for site fidelity patterns to accrue genetic differences, and (3) molt-site fidelity is a complex behavioral process."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A lack of power seems unlikely because fewer genetic loci have shown population differentiation in other waterfowl that exhibit high levels of adult site fidelity (Pearce et al. 2000)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Harlequin Ducks have likely experienced historical population growth and expansion since the last glacial maximum."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Consistently low levels of nucleotide diversity (near zero) across populations, as observed by Lanctot et al. ( 1999), are indicative of sudden population growth and expected if time is sufficient for recovery of haplotype variation via mutation, but too short for the accumulation of differences among sequences (reviewed by Avise 2000)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, Lanctot et al. ( 1999) correctly ac- knowledged that movements of subadult birds among molting sites before patterns of adult fidelity are established might nullify the effects of high adult fidelity to these same sites (as observed in other species; Cabe 1999, Arsenault et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No increase in DNA samples or genetic loci would recover a signal of population differentiation if natal and adult dispersal occur among these molting groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such movements would also erode any demographic independence among these same groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The hypothesis of molt or winter site fidelity leading to demographic and genetic structure de- serves further examination because anthropogenic effects on sea duck populations often occur on the wintering grounds (Flint et al. 1999, Esler et al. 2000, Camphuysen et al. 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, recent work suggests little genetic evidence for population struc- ture among wintering sea ducks at either regional (Lanctot et al. 1999) or continental scales (Pearce et al. 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, the literature presented by Iverson et al. ( 2004) does not support a hypothesis that strong affiliations to nonbreeding areas are common among sea duck species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Papers by Alison (1974) and Savard (1985) are each based upon a single marked bird, and Limpert (1980) estimated a homing rate of 39%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of 26 male and two female Harlequin Ducks banded by Breault and Savard (1999), nine males were seen at the same location in the following year, while two males were seen at an adjacent molting site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, this and other literature (Cooke et al. 2000, Flint et al. 2000, Hatton and Marquiss 2004, Mehl et al. 2004) suggests that annual affiliations to molting areas by sea ducks are quite variable."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Lastly, we view molt-site fidelity as a less than robust measure of population structure without evidence that molting flocks originate from distinct breeding areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0009__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Under the scenario that molting flocks are composed of birds from a variety of breeding areas, fidelity is instead an intriguing behavioral pattern and not a measure of demographic independence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conservation plans often seek to delineate geo- graphic or taxonomic units as distinct population segments to effectively monitor status and trends (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service 1996)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Defining such units relies upon a wide array of criteria that for migratory birds may include morphological or plumage characteris- tics, demographic patterns quantified by banding or radio-telemetry, molecular genetic data, or geograph- ic separation of population segments during the annual cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, focusing on only one type of data to define such units misdirects valuable research and conservation efforts (Zink et al. 2000) and tends to promote population structure as a binary condi- tion: populations are either structured or they are not (Crandall et al. 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A larger set of direct and indirect markers are now available for assessing movement patterns (reviewed by Webster et al. 2002, Kendall and Nichols 2004), as well as novel analytical methods that estimate levels, directionality, and sources of variation in dispersal rather than simply testing dispersal as a binary condition (Pritchard et al. 2000, Hey and Nielsen 2004, Kendall and Nichols 2004)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, we wish to stress that behavioral patterns among avian populations are intricate and idiosyncratic (Avise et al. 1992, Zink et al. 2003, Coltman 2004), and efforts should focus on the robust quantification of these multifaceted processes with as much information as possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For example, a number of avian genetic studies discuss the impact of historical demographic pro- cesses on levels of population differentiation and the need for other, nongenetic data to verify or challenge conclusions (Bossart and Prowell 1998, Kimura et al. 2002, Pearce et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similarly, banding studies have called for DNA-based estimates of movement after recognizing the difficulty of detecting and quantifying long-distance dispersal (Koenig et al. 2000, Arsenault et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a joint analysis of banding and genetic data for the Lesser Snow Goose (Anser caerulescens), Avise et al. ( 1992:1094) argued appropriately that ''both evolutionary (genetic) and contemporary (behavioral) perspectives are required for a full appreciation of the geographic population structure of a species.''"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An examination of the table of contents of recent ornithological and molecular ecology journals reveals the current focus on demographic parameters (e.g., nesting success, productivity, survival, dispersal, and colonization history) and their role in population status and trends."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet a common misconception is that genetic data are a panacea for inferring population structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instead, molecular genetic markers should be viewed as offering a singular but multifaceted perspective on population differentia- tion and demography."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Regardless of whether genetic or nongenetic methods are used, we encourage researchers to use multiple data types when they are available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even in cases where genetic data suggest no differentiation among sampling locales, such as among molting groups of Harlequin Ducks, there is still a wealth of information that can be inferred from the molecular information, such as historical popu- lation trends (Emerson et al. 2001), geographic variation in genetic diversity (Busch et al. 2000, Zink et al. 2000), relative levels of female natal philopatry and male dispersal (Pearce et al. 2005), or evidence COMMENTARY 477 Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/The-Condor on 21 Sep 2025 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use for gene flow via dispersal that is difficult to assess with localized banding data (Arsenault et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because inferences from multiple markers reveal the weaknesses and strengths of each method, compar- isons among data types provide a competing model framework to reassess predictions, evaluate temporal and spatial scales, and best infer population patterns."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank D. Esler and S. Iverson for the numerous amicable and engaging discussions on topics presented here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "C. Ely, D. Derksen, P. Flint, M. Lindberg, K. McCracken, J. Schmidt, D. Dobkin, T. Sachtleben, and one anonymous reviewer offered comments on earlier drafts of the paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_680__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Iverson et al. ( 2004) used estimates of the homing rate for molting adult Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Alaska to draw inferences about population structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Homing rates, defined as one minus the ratio of birds recaptured elsewhere to those recaptured at the original banding site, were high (0.95–1.00) for males and females."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Iverson et al. ( 2004) concluded that these high rates of homing are indicative of demographic independence among molting groups separated by small distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and that conservation efforts should recognize this fine-scale population structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_680__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We re-examined their use of the homing rate, because their assumption of equal detection probability across a wide sampling area could have led to an upward bias in their estimates of site fidelity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a result, we are hesitant to agree with their conclusion of high adult homing to molting areas and that molt-site fidelity is evidence for demographic independence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our hesitancy stems from the fact that little is known about juvenile and adult movements within and among years, breeding area origins, and the variation of demographic parameters (e.g., survival and productivity) among molting groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_680__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, population genetic data of these molting groups suggest gene flow at both nuclear and mitochondrial loci."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such mixed messages between demographic (i.e., banding) and genetic data are increasingly common in ornithological studies and offer unique opportunities to reassess predictions and make more robust inferences about population structure across broad temporal and spatial scales."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__critique__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, we stress that it is this broader scale perspective, which combines both demography and genetics, that biologists should seek to quantify and conservation efforts should seek to recognize."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_680__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent paper on Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) interannual site fidelity [1], we concluded that wintering populations were demographically structured at a finer geographic scale than that at which genetic differentiation was observed and that conservation efforts should recognize this degree of demographic independence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a critique of our study, Pearce and Talbot [2] contend that our measures of fidelity were not robust and imply that in the face of 'mixed messages' we failed to appreciate the role of genetic data in defining population units."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We recognize, as we did in our original paper, that our methods for quantifying site fidelity have some limitations; however, the patterns in our data are consistent with a considerable body of literature indicating high winter site fidelity in Harlequin Ducks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, we do not consider differences in the scales at which genetic and demographic structure are expressed to be 'mixed messages,' given the different spatial and temporal scales at which genetic and contemporary demographic processes operate."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We emphasize that a lack of genetic differentiation does not necessarily preclude the existence of contemporary demographic structure with relevance for conservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Population management is clearly enhanced by knowledge of the demographic structure of animal populations, i.e., the scale at which changes in numbers of animals in one area are largely independent of changes occurring in another area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Quantifying the rate and scale of movements among putative population subunits is critical for this understanding [3], [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In simple terms, in situations where animals move frequently and far, population dynamics are affected by immigration and emigration at relatively large geographic scales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Conversely, for animals that show strong site fidelity, population dynamics at relatively small scales are driven primarily by the intrinsic demographic properties of survival and productivity, i.e., they are demographically independent from other areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Understanding the degree and scale of demographic independence is critical for identification of appropriate population subunits for conservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0018__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Definition of appropriate management units is difficult [5], [6], particularly when applied to migratory animals [7], [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We [1] conducted a study of winter site fidelity of Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) in Prince William Sound, Alaska to evaluate the degree and scale of interannual dispersal and consider the subsequent conservation implications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found high homing rates (>90%) to nonbreeding sites at a scale of kilometers to tens of kilometers and concluded that demographically independent population subunits exist at relatively small scales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further, we noted that the scale of demographic independence indicated by our data was much smaller than the scale at which genetic differentiation was observed [9], and that genetic panmixia does not necessarily imply nonexistence of relevant demographic population structuring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pearce and Talbot [2] have two primary criticisms of our paper [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First, they suggest our approach may not have adequately measured site fidelity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, they consider mechanisms by which the observed 'mixed message' (different patterns and scales of genetic versus demographic population structuring) may have arisen, and imply that we did not fully appreciate the value derived from considering multiple markers when evaluating population structure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We address their criticisms below, primarily in relation to the latter concern, as we feel this issue has broad relevance for wildlife conservation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Good science starts with a clear definition of the question being asked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Confusion expressed over definition of population subunits for conservation, as well as the appropriateness of tools that can be used to evaluate population structure, may have arisen from imprecise questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, managers and researchers need to communicate the spatial and temporal scales over which they wish to quantify population structure, as well as the underlying mechanisms and patterns that they wish to describe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Some conservation efforts are explicitly concerned with preservation of genetic diversity; this is particularly true in cases where populations are extremely small or where population subunits are highly isolated [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we argue that the majority of wildlife conservation issues are concerned with understanding changes in animal numbers, across a range of spatial scales, at time frames measured in years to decades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In other words, the issues are primarily demographic and contemporary in nature."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Under this scenario, we contend that conservation units are most appropriately defined by identifying the scale at which population dynamics of putative subunits are demographically independent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "There are many methods for inferring the degree of contemporary demographic independence among areas, each with associated advantages and shortcomings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Genetic data have been used for many taxa; advantages of this approach include the opportunity to gather samples across broad geographic scales, and the ease of sample processing and analysis relative to large-scale mark-recapture programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, one limitation of genetic data is that the patterns observed are the product of both historical and contemporary population processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "As such, one cannot necessarily infer patterns of contemporary demographic isolation from patterns in genetic data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "This lack of a one-to-one relationship between contemporary demographic structure and genetic structure has often been treated as a 'mixed message' with unclear interpretation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We appreciate that there is considerable scientific interest in population structure beyond definition of appropriate population subunits for conservation, and that the field of population genetics encompasses a broad suite of interesting and important questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "However, our specific interest, as stated in our original paper, was to consider the conservation implications of observed levels of demographic independence, and to contrast our findings with inferences one might be tempted to draw from existing genetic data [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0020__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "For that particular purpose, we believe there is common misunderstanding of the inferences one can draw from different data types, which could be interpreted as 'mixed messages' without a full appreciation of the spatial and temporal scales at which different markers indicate population structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We measured homing rates of molting Harlequin Ducks, defined as the proportion of marked ducks that were recaptured at their original capture site, and used the results to infer the degree of interannual fidelity to nonbreeding sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found that over 90% of recaptured individuals were in the same locations as their original captures and that detected movements were on the scale of kilometers to tens of kilometers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From these findings, we concluded that site fidelity was high, with implications for the scale of demographic independence among nonbreeding population units."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We recognize that our measure of homing rate has limitations and assumptions and explicitly acknowledged these in our original paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Pearce and Talbot [2] correctly indicated that our measure of homing rate would be an overestimate of site fidelity if recapture efforts were lower in areas outside the primary study area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To evaluate whether this was likely to have strong influences on our estimates, we conducted captures at numerous supplementary sites that held concentrations of molting Harlequin Ducks and represented a range of distances (8–62 km) from the primary study area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Although we did not sample at every possible location within this range, none of the birds marked at the primary study site were captured at supplementary sites; we suggest this result would be very unlikely if there were demographically relevant movements from our primary study site at this scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We also acknowledge that dispersal beyond a 62 km radius from our primary study site was possible; however, given the lack of evidence for movement at smaller scales, we suspect that demographically relevant movement at larger scales was unlikely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Our findings and conclusions are corroborated by several studies on Harlequin Duck dispersal and site fidelity [11], [12], [13], [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0021__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Collectively, these studies provide a strong basis for concluding that fidelity to nonbreeding sites is quite high, and that this degree of site fidelity likely leads to demographic independence among nonbreeding sites at relatively small scales."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pearce and Talbot [2] suggested that, because our data were collected on adult Harlequin Ducks, high levels of juvenile dispersal might increase the scale of demographic independence and therefore might explain the 'mixed message' observed between genetic and demographic population structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the available data do not indicate this is the case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Regehr et al. [ 15] found that at least some juvenile Harlequin Ducks accompany their mothers to her wintering area, and Regehr [16] further discovered that juvenile dispersal during the first winter was on a scale of only tens of kilometers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, Iverson and Esler [14] found that intra-annual winter site fidelity was similar among all age cohorts of females tracked by radio-telemetry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, juveniles constitute a small portion of the overall Harlequin Duck population; therefore, movement patterns of adults have a highly disproportionate effect on the degree of demographic independence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We do not dispute that some dispersal of adult and juvenile Harlequin Ducks occurs; in fact, we have documented this at a range of spatial scales [1], [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, we have suggested [1] and quantitatively demonstrated [14] that the observed rates of movement are low and lead to demographic independence of wintering aggregations at relatively small spatial scales."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Pearce and Talbot [2] that dispersal may lead to homogenization of gene frequencies observed at regional scales [9]; however, this absolutely does not preclude the possibility that populations are structured demographically at much smaller scales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, we disagree with Pearce and Talbot’s [2] assertion that high fidelity to nonbreeding sites would lead to demographic and genetic structure only if nonbreeding population units remained as distinct units during the rest of the annual cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A number of mechanisms could maintain genetic distinctiveness even when different population units co-occur (e.g., assortative mating, pair formation at a different annual stage)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More important for this discussion is that demographic independence can be relevant for conservation at any stage of the annual cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our conservation concerns were framed as an issue on nonbreeding areas, and therefore it does not matter whether Harlequin Ducks from demographically distinct wintering areas co-occur during the breeding season."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As long as inter- and intra-annual winter site fidelity are high, numerical trends of nonbreeding subunits will be driven by intrinsic survival rates, without opportunity for demographic rescue through dispersal from other subunits."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 4, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pearce and Talbot [2] recognize that genetic and demographic population structure are expressed at different spatial and temporal scales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, rather than acknowledging that this may explain the 'mixed message' observed for Harlequin Ducks, they seem to suggest that methodological problems with our demographic data are the cause."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our data, and those in the accumulated literature on non-breeding site fidelity of Harlequin Ducks, strongly support the existence of demographic structuring at much smaller spatial scales than those at which genetic structure exists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We see this neither as conflicting data nor as a mixed message, but rather as a reasonable outcome of measurements of processes that occur at different spatial and temporal scales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These are not merely academic issues, but have important implications for wildlife conservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our study site included areas affected by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill and Harlequin Ducks were one of the species showing delayed recovery [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Understanding the geographic scale at which putative subpopulations are demographically linked by dispersal allows clearer insights into the constraints on population recovery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We have determined [1], [14] that rates of Harlequin Duck movement between oiled and unoiled areas of Prince William Sound are low, thus the contribution of immigration to population recovery in oiled areas will be correspondingly low."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0024__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Therefore, to be effective, management and restoration activities to ameliorate effects of the oil spill will need to be targeted to the specific areas and population subunits in the oil spill zone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "680", "paragraph_id": "triad_680__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To reiterate, this population management issue for Harlequin Ducks, like most wildlife conservation problems, is concerned with population dynamics at a contemporary time scale and, as such, requires a clear understanding of contemporary demographic population structure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our primary message in our original paper and this reply is that researchers and managers should not necessarily expect genetic population structure and contemporary demographic structure to show similar patterns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We want to be clear that we are not saying that genetic data are useless for inferring contemporary demographic population structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In fact, they could be quite valuable; if genetic data indicate structure at a given scale, then there is certainly demographic structure at that scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Genetics may be a particularly efficient way of evaluating demographic structure at a scale that may be of interest to managers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, if no genetic structure is evident, one cannot infer that there is demographic panmixia at the same scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In other words, lack of genetic structure does not provide any indication whether population subunits are demographically discrete at the contemporary time scale at which population management generally operates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We agree with Pearce and Talbot [2] that consideration of more than one type of marker can lead to additional insights into questions of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "We simply caution that genetic and demographic data should not be expected to necessarily lead to the same inferences about population structure relevant for conservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_680__response__p0025__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "We hope this exchange leads to critical thinking and additional research on the topic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_680/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2011891064_W2136650859_W2179506615", "triad_name": "triad_680", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_680__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nicotine is a major driver of tobacco use and the chemical that makes it so frustratingly difficult for smokers to successfully quit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1 In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a shift in its approach to tobacco regulation, with a key focus on reducing nicotine in cigarettes to levels low enough that cigar- ettes would be minimally or non-addictive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "2,3 If implemented, this standard would allow only very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigar- ettes to be sold in the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Clinical research has found that VLNC cigarettes lead to lower dependence, fewer cigarettes smoked per day, and increased quit attempts compared to standard nicotine level cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "4-9 The FDA has not stated whether a nicotine re- duction standard would be implemented in one large reduction or gradually phased in over a number of years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Models of population- level effects of a nicotine reduction product standard in the United States suggest that a large reduction of nicotine would lead to 5 mil- lion smokers quitting in the first year alone, and tens of millions of life-years saved over the next few decades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "10 Toxicologically, VLNC cigarettes would retain all or nearly all of the same carcinogens and other toxins in current cigarettes and would therefore not be mean- ingfully safer to smoke."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, 80% of the public believes nicotine is the carcinogenic substance in cigarettes, 11 and a national survey shows nearly half of smokers believe VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic to smoke than current cigarettes, 12 in line with findings from clinical trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "13,14 This misunderstanding is associated with a lower motivation to quit smoking under a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "12 Thus, it is critical to study how to announce a nicotine reduction standard to the public in a way that does not exacerbate misperceptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The public needs to understand what the standard does (greatly reduces nicotine and addictiveness) and what it does not do (make cigarettes safe to smoke)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the era of social media, in which facts and rumors can spread rapidly, framing plays an increasingly important role in how the public receives new health information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, re- commendations for HPV vaccination and changes in breast cancer screening in the United States generated substantial confusion, misinformation, and backlash that effective message framing may have at least lessened. 15-17 Preliminarily testing of messages to communicate a new nicotine standard is vital to preparing for a smooth implementation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Message testing is also important to help the FDA clearly and consistently communicate to the public, amid opposing communications from the tobacco industry, which has deliberately misled the public for decades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "18 In formal responses to possible FDA nicotine reduction, the industry has written long lists of concerns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "19,20 An important question is how to explain to the public what a nicotine reduction standard would do in terms of the nicotine level in cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The scientific standard (potentially a maximal limit of 0.4 mg nicotine per gram of tobacco) would likely be hard for the public to interpret."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Alternatives such as \"nicotine- free\" would not be entirely accurate and could be legally prob- lematic because the FDA is not authorized to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes to zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "21 In public announcements, the FDA has used phrases such as \"lowering nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels\" 3 and \"lowering nicotine in combustible cigarettes to minimally or non-addictive levels.\" 22 In studies of the public's understanding of VLNC cigarettes researchers have also used various descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These include describing cigarettes that have \"a very low nicotine level, compared to most cigarettes available in the United States\" 14 or are \"lower in nicotine... than regular cigarettes.\""}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "23"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Both for the potential rollout of an FDA nicotine reduction policy and for research studies that involve describing VLNC cig- arettes, there is a need to examine how people interpret different phrasings and how the FDA can most effectively convey nicotine reduction information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The FDA can use these findings to inform wording used in press releases and in mass media communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Drawing from risk communication techniques, we sought to learn how different ways of describing the nicotine level of VLNC cigar- ettes affects the accuracy of perceived nicotine content, perceived addictiveness, and perceived cancer risk of VLNC cigarettes com- pared to current cigarettes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants were a national convenience sample of US adults (ages 18+) recruited in April 2018 through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a platform often used for scientific research recruitment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24 The inclusion criteria were being aged 18 or older and residing in the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Experiments using MTurk and probability-based samples generate the same general findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "25 We have previously reported additional details on the recruitment and other methods for our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "26,27"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants provided informed consent before taking the survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a between-subjects online experiment, we randomized participants to view 1 of 6 descriptions of a potential FDA product standard mandating lower nicotine levels in cigarettes or a control description (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We developed the descriptions by applying evidence-based risk communication principles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "28 The first description used concise language: \"Imagine if tobacco companies were required to reduce the nicotine in cigarettes.\" This follows the finding that communica- tions are more effective if they are brief and devoid of extraneous in- formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "29 The second description provided numeric information as a percentage: \"Imagine if tobacco companies were required to remove 95% of the nicotine from cigarettes.\" Research shows that people have more accurate perceptions when given a number, rather than a qualitative word such as \"common\" or \"low.\" 30 The third de- scription provided an interpretation of nicotine reduction: \"Imagine if tobacco companies were required to make cigarettes nearly nicotine-free.\" This interpretative language could make it easier for readers to gain the meaning of a message."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "31,32 The fourth descrip- tion combined a percentage and interpretation: \"Imagine if tobacco companies were required to remove 95% of the nicotine from cig- arettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This would make cigarettes nearly nicotine-free.\" The fifth description combined the percentage and pictographs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Pictographs show the numerator and denominator to help a reader visualize a percentage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "33 The sixth description combined the percentage, inter- pretation, and pictographs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The control description used language from FDA's wording in press releases to describe the reduction in nicotine 22 : \"Imagine if tobacco companies were required to lower the nicotine in cigarettes to a minimally or non-addictive level.\" On the same webpage where participants saw their randomly assigned description of the potential new cigarette standard, participants an- swered questions about the description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Participants received $2.20 for taking the survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0007__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The institutional review board at the University of North Carolina approved the study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The survey presented the three outcome measures in a random order for each participant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The perceived nicotine content item read, \"Compared to current cigarettes, how much nicotine do you think the changed cigarettes would have?\" The perceived addictiveness item read, \"Compared to current cigarettes, how addictive do you think the changed cigarettes would be?\" The perceived cancer risk item read, \"Compared to smoking current cigarettes, smoking these changed cigarettes for 30 years would have what risk of lung cancer?\" The perceived cancer risk item included recommended practices for perceived risk questions 34 and emphasized that the item was about risk related to continuing to actively smoke VLNC cigar- ettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All items used the same five-point response scale: \"Much, much less\" (scored as 1), \"Much less\" (2), \"Somewhat less\" (3), \"A little less\" (4), and \"The same\" (5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In previous research using a broader scale, we found that few people responded that risks of VLNC cig- arettes would be higher than current cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "12 We dichotomized responses as accurate (1) or inaccurate (0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On the basis of cur- rent scientific understanding, 35 nicotine content ratings of 1 or 2, addictiveness ratings of 1 or 2, and perceived risk ratings of 4 or 5 were scored as being accurate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The survey also assessed standard demographics and tobacco use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We defined current smoking as having smoked at least 100 cig- arettes in one's lifetime and now smoking some days or every day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "36 The survey also assessed standard demographics and tobacco use."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The analytic sample included 1353 participants with complete data on our outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4 (Cary, NC) and a critical alpha of .05."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We first conducted chi-square tests to check for demographic differences among the seven description conditions and found none."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We next put the description conditions in rank order by per- ceived nicotine content and then determined whether the difference ' associations with each other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, 22% of participants were current smokers (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants' mean age was 37 years (SD: 12), and 52% were male, 47% female, and 1% transgender."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The sample was 82% white, 9% black, 5% Asian, and 4% other or multiracial; 9% were Hispanic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, 36% did not have a college degree, and 49% reported a household income below $50 000."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Around 49% of participants provided with the control description accurately understood that VLNC cigarettes would have much less nicotine than current cigarettes (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The concise language de- scription elicited less accurate perceived nicotine content from par- ticipants (14% accurate) than the control description (p < .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The interpretation description (58%) did not differ from control (p = .10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The percentage and interpretation description (74%) elicited more accuracy than the interpretation description (p < .001) and along with the remaining descriptions offered the highest ac- curacy: percentage (76%, p = .60 vs. percentage and interpretation); percentage and pictograph (81%, p = .23 vs. percentage); percentage, interpretation, and pictograph (87%, p = .12 vs. percentage and pictograph)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "About a third (34%) of participants provided with the control description accurately understood that VLNC cigarettes would be much less addictive than current cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Again, the concise language description elicited less accurate perceived addictiveness from participants (17% accurate) than the control description (p < .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The interpretation description (36%) did not differ from con- trol (p = .67)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The percentage and interpretation description (48%) elicited more accuracy than the interpretation description (p = .01) and along with the remaining descriptions offered the highest ac- curacy: percentage (44%, p = .36 vs. percentage and interpretation); percentage and pictograph (52%, p = .13 vs. percentage); percentage, interpretation, and pictograph (48%, p = .51 vs. percentage and pictograph)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Around 68% of participants provided with the control description accurately understood that VLNC cigarettes would be about as carcinogenic as current cigarettes if smoked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast with the prior two outcomes, the concise language description elicited more accurate perceived cancer risk from participants (77% accurate) than the control description (p = .03)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The interpretation descrip- tion (68%) did not differ from control (p = .91)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast to the previous two outcomes, the percentage and interpretation descrip- tion (57%) elicited less accuracy than the interpretation descrip- tion (p = .03) and along with the remaining descriptions offered the lowest accuracy: percentage (56%, p =.83 vs. percentage and inter- pretation); percentage and pictograph (48%, p = .13 vs. percentage); percentage, interpretation, and pictograph (55%, p = .20 vs. per- centage and pictograph)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The three outcomes were all associated (all p <.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Higher perceived nicotine content was strongly associated with higher per- ceived addictiveness (r = .59)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Higher perceived cancer risk was mod- estly associated with higher perceived nicotine content (r = .27) and higher perceived addictiveness (r = .34)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using risk communication best practices for describing the nico- tine level of VLNC cigarettes to the public yielded consistent find- ings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A substantial percentage of participants had misperceptions of nicotine content, addictiveness, and cancer risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As descriptions elicited more accurate perceptions of the low nicotine content and low addictiveness of VLNC cigarettes, they elicited less accurate perceptions of the high cancer risk of these cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For com- munications or research studies that are only concerned with con- veying that VLNC cigarettes have much less nicotine than current"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our findings reinforce previous studies' findings that many people incorrectly believe nicotine is the main harmful chemical or carcinogen in cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "11,37-39 For example, people perceive cigar- ettes such as Quest that are advertised as \"low\" nicotine to be less harmful than other cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "39,40 Researchers have also shown that participants trying VLNC cigarettes 14 or participants asked about \"very low\" nicotine cigarettes perceive them to be less harmful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "23 Our findings indicate that not only are VLNC cigarettes perceived as less harmful to smoke but also that this problem becomes exacerbated as people are provided more detailed information about the amount of nicotine reduction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This highlights the need for more research on how to communicate nicotine reduction clearly without causing po- tentially harmful misperceptions about risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Communication about a VLNC standard could include a disclaimer that \"The new cigar- ettes will not be safer to smoke than current cigarettes.\" However, disclaimers are often ineffective, 41-45 and additionally, the disclaimers would not necessarily be repeated in media coverage, social media discussions, or interpersonal communications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Another possible solution could be explaining a VLNC standard not by the nicotine content but by saying that cigarettes would be \"changed so that they no longer relieved your cravings.\" 46 Popova and colleagues found that this language led to more accurate perceived risk than other scenarios in a study of what smokers said they would do in response to a VLNC policy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We are currently developing and testing messages to reduce the misperception that VLNC cigarettes are less carcinogenic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For press releases, mass media campaigns, and other commu- nications, the FDA will have to make important decisions about what the public needs to know about a reduced nicotine standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Is there a legal or ethical obligation that smokers be fully in- formed about the great reduction in the amount of nicotine and addictiveness? If so, more communication research is needed to learn how to do this while simultaneously conveying the high cancer risk of continuing to smoke VLNC cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, it will be important to consider how other actors, such as the news media, the tobacco industry, and opponents on social media will frame nicotine reduction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "19 As our study surveyed a convenience sample, a limitation is that the generalizability to the US adult population remains to be established."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our point estimates are likely to differ from those of probability samples, but our experimental findings are likely to be replicable across representative samples."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "25 Second, a single survey item assessed risk beliefs, and because it was asked of both nonsmokers and smokers, it did not specifically ask about the participant's own cancer risk."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multi-item risk perception scales about own risk can yield stronger associations with behavior."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "34 Third, the response scale offered responses that ranged from \"much, much less\" to \"the same,\" and some participants could have wanted to respond that VLNC cigarettes would have more nicotine, be more addictive, or be more carcinogenic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in previous work, we found that few (~5%) people used this end of the response scale."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "12 Fourth, if the FDA chooses a gradual nicotine reduction ap- proach, the phrasings suggested here should be revised accordingly and re-tested."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study found that introducing VLNC cigarettes by describing their percentage reduction in nicotine (95%) led to accurate percep- tions of nicotine content and addictiveness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we also found that as descriptions of VLNC cigarettes conveyed more accurate perceptions about the nicotine content and addictiveness of VLNC cigarettes, they elicited less accurate perceived cancer risk."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Future research can examine how to educate the public about the continued risk of smoking cigarettes under a VLNC standard."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4091__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed lowering the amount of nicotine in combusted cigarettes to minimally addictive levels [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act gives FDA the authority to limit the maximum nicotine content in tobacco products [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This approach differs from reductions in nicotine delivery in mainstream smoke, which resulted in tobacco companies marketing “light” and “ultralight” cigarettes [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4091__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies have shown that use of nonnicotine cigarettes can reduce craving because of sensory cues [4-6], but the reward value of these cues is extinguished over time when the reinforcing effects of nicotine are removed [7, 8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Reducing nicotine in cigarettes is an unprecedented tobacco control strategy that could save millions of lives [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A simulation model estimated that this policy could result in approximately 5 million additional smokers quitting within a year of the policy’s implementation [9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4091__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, public reactions to such a policy are hard to anticipate, and there may be unintended consequences, such as misperceptions that very low nicotine cigarettes (VLNCs) are less harmful than regular cigarettes [10-12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study investigated effects of different framings of reduced nicotine in combusted cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Framing the nicotine tobacco product standard as “cigarettes no longer relieved cravings” resulted in the highest proportion of smokers reporting they intend to quit in response to this standard, lowest proportions reporting anticipated intentions to continue using combusted tobacco products, and lowest proportion believing that VLNCs are less harmful than regular cigarettes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This framing might be a promising way to communicate to the public the practical impact of the nicotine tobacco product standard."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4091__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering a very low nicotine content (VLNC) product standard to substantially reduce nicotine in cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We examined whether learning about a potential VLNC standard increased smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes with regular nicotine content if such a standard were adopted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants were a national convenience sample of 1712 US adult smokers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In an online experiment, we randomly assigned smokers to view information about a new VLNC standard (experimental condition) or no information (control condition)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The experimental condition explained that a VLNC standard would remove 95% of the nicotine in cigarettes and would require stores to only sell VLNC cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Then, the survey assessed smokers’ interest in purchasing regular cigarettes from three illicit sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were more likely to be very or extremely interested in purchasing regular cigarettes illicitly from a Web site compared to smokers in the control group (24% vs. 16%, p < .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "They were also more interested in illicitly buying cigarettes from a street vendor (19% vs. 13%, p < .001) and a store on an Indian reservation (28% vs. 22%, p < .05), compared to the control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The impact of learning about the VLNC standard on interest in illicit purchases did not differ by smoking frequency or current e-cigarette use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A VLNC standard could increase smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of regular nicotine cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "To prevent VLNC-induced illicit trade from undermining public health, FDA should consider proven measures such as track and trace for these products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Little is known about how a VLNC cigarette standard would affect consumer interest in regular content cigarettes purchased from illicit sources (eg, the Internet)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "We found that smokers informed about a potential VLNC product standard had greater interest in illicit cigarette purchases, compared to controls."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0028__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "This suggests the importance of proactive measures accompanying a VLNC standard, such as track-and-trace cigarette packaging regulations and communication campaigns, in order to maximize the standard’s public health impact."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [13, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In July 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a comprehensive plan for tobacco regulation that included a very low nicotine content (VLNC) standard [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This VLNC standard, if implemented, would reduce nicotine in cigarettes to minimally addictive or nonaddictive levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clinical trials have shown that using VLNC cigarettes has led smokers to smoke fewer cigarettes and make more quit attempts [2][3][4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, a recent simulation model estimated that a VLNC standard in the United States would prevent 2.8 million tobacco-related deaths by 2060 [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If FDA implemented a VLNC standard, however, some smokers might seek banned regular nicotine content cigarettes [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Such increased illicit cigarette trade could undermine some of the public health benefits of a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Illicitly purchased cigarettes, which tend to be substantially cheaper than cigarettes purchased legally [7][8][9], account for between 7% and 21% of the total US cigarette market [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Illicit purchases in the United States arise from many sources, including sales from the Internet, tribal lands, and street vendors [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Previous studies have shown an uptick in online searches for illicit products after the 2009 federal tax increase [11] and modest increases in illicit sales after cigarette excise tax increases [12][13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, the extent to which a VLNC standard could increase illicit tobacco trade is unknown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Clinical trials that state that participants should only smoke VLNC cigarettes during the trial have found substantial nonadherence [3][14], suggesting that, under a VLNC standard, smokers’ interest in banned regular nicotine content cigarettes would likely increase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, studies have not explored smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes in response to a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Our study aimed to examine whether learning about a potential VLNC standard would increase smokers’ interest in illicitly buying cigarettes with regular nicotine content if such a standard were adopted."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0029__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "We predicted that informing smokers of a potential VLNC standard would increase interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In August 2018, we recruited a convenience sample of US adults aged 18 years or older as part of a larger online study about e-cigarette health messages [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Online convenience samples are a quick and low-cost way to study health behavior and can yield highly generalizable findings for experiments [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants in this study were current smokers (defined as having smoked at least 100 cigarettes and now smoking every day or some days) [17][18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recruitment occurred through Prime Panels (www.turkprime.com), an online platform with access to over 20 million participants for behavioral research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Participants provided informed consent before taking the survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We randomly assigned participants to one of two conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Participants in the experimental condition viewed the following prompt: “Imagine a new law requiring tobacco companies to remove 95% of the nicotine in cigarettes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Stores could legally sell only these new very low nicotine cigarettes, but not cigarettes that have regular amounts of nicotine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "” Participants in the control condition did not see a prompt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Then, participants responded to questions assessing purchase interest as described later."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Participants received incentives in cash, gift cards, or reward points from Prime Panels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The University of North Carolina institutional review board approved the study procedures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0030__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Prior to data collection, we preregistered the study on AsPredicted.org (https://aspredicted.org/sp8s5.pdf)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The survey assessed interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes from three sources: the Internet, street vendors, and retailers on tribal lands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We selected these sources because an FDA draft paper predicted that these would be among the most likely sources to sell illicit regular nicotine content cigarettes if a VLNC standard were enacted [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The three items for the control group read: “How interested would you be in buying cigarettes from the following places, even if it is not legal? ... A website, A street vendor, A store on an Indian reservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "” The items for the experimental group were identical except for the addition of the phrase “regular nicotine” as follows: “How interested would you be in buying regular nicotine cigarettes from the following places, even if it is not legal?” The phrase “A store on an Indian reservation” came from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The items had a five-point response scale ranging from “not at all interested” (coded as 1) to “extremely interested” (coded as 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We averaged the items to form a scale for interest in illicit purchases of cigarettes (α =.83)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Participants then answered items about tobacco use and standard demographic items."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Analyses used Stata/SE version 14.1 with two-tailed tests and a critical α of .05."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The analytic sample included 1712 smokers randomized to the VLNC experiment with complete data on the outcomes (only two smokers had missing data; we excluded them from analyses)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In preliminary analyses, we examined whether randomization created equivalent groups using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "We found no differences (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "We used chi-square tests to determine if the proportion of participants who answered “very interested” or “extremely interested” to each item was higher in the experimental group than the control group (compared to those answering “somewhat interested,” “a little interested,” or “not at all interested”)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "In the main analyses, we examined the impact of experimental condition on the interest in illicit purchases scale (aggregated across all three sources) using a t test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Finally, we examined whether daily smoking status (vs. nondaily) moderated the impact of experimental condition on interest in illicit purchases across the three sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "This model used linear regression with the continuously measured purchase interest variable as the outcome; predictors were experimental condition, daily smoking status, and an interaction term of experimental condition with daily smoking status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Using the same approach, we examined two additional moderators: number of cigarettes smoked per day and current e-cigarette use (defined as currently using e-cigarettes some days or every day)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0031__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "All analyses followed our pre-registration with the exception of moderation by e-cigarette use; we conducted this unplanned exploratory analysis in response to peer reviewers’ feedback."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Smokers’ mean age was 44 years (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most (63%) participants had less than a college education and 49% were low income."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "About half of smokers (51%) were also current e-cigarette users."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the past year, 11% of smokers had bought cigarettes from a Web site, 17% had bought cigarettes from a street vendor, and 23% had bought cigarettes from a retailer on tribal lands."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were more likely to be very or extremely interested in illicit purchases of cigarettes from all three sources (Supplementary Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Twenty-four percent of smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were interested (ie, answered “very interested” or “extremely interested”) in purchasing cigarettes illicitly from a Web site compared to 16% of smokers in the control group (p < .001; Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Similarly, 19% of smokers who learned about a VLNC standard were interested in purchasing cigarettes from a street vendor compared to 13% in the control group (p < .001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Over a quarter (28%) of smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were interested in purchasing cigarettes illicitly from a retailer on tribal lands compared to 22% in the control group (p < .01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Among smokers who learned about a potential VLNC standard, 36% were very or extremely interested in illicit cigarettes from any source, compared with 30% in the control group (p < .01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Next, we looked at interest in purchasing cigarettes illegally as a continuous outcome, averaged across sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Learning about a potential VLNC standard increased smokers’ interest in purchasing cigarettes illegally from the three different sources (mean [M] in experimental group = 2.3, standard deviation = 1.2, p < .001 vs. M in control group = 2.0, standard deviation = 1.1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0032__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The impact of learning about the VLNC standard on overall interest in illegal purchases did not differ by daily smoking status (interaction p = .40), smoking frequency (interaction p = .53), or current e-cigarette user status (interaction p = .62)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 15], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "US smokers who learned about a possible VLNC standard in our brief online experiment were more interested in illicitly purchasing cigarettes, compared to smokers who did not learn about the VLNC standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The magnitude of the effect was modest; across the three sources, 36% of smokers who learned about the VLNC standard were interested in illicit cigarettes compared with 30% in the control group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The finding held for illicit purchases from Web sites, street vendors, and tribal lands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, the findings did not differ based on smoking frequency or e-cigarette use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Smokers in this study were most interested in buying cigarettes from retailers on tribal lands, followed by the Internet and then street vendors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These findings build on prior research that has demonstrated greater illicit cigarette sales following cigarette excise tax increases [11][12][13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Assuming a VLNC standard is not accompanied by a tax increase, however, the motivator would likely not be cost savings but rather gaining access to regular nicotine cigarettes banned under a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Coupled with prior research on tax evasion, our study findings suggest that FDA and other US governing agencies should proactively plan to prevent illicit cigarette trade under a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "If sufficient demand exists for regular content cigarettes under a VLNC standard, it is likely that some illicit product will be available and illicit sales will result unless measures are undertaken to reduce illicit trade."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A recent article suggested several key regulatory actions for controlling the illicit market under a VLNC standard [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "For instance, the United States could require encrypted tax stamps as part of a “track and trace” system for tobacco products, strengthen and enforce regulations banning online cigarette vendors from processing payments and shipping orders, and strengthen licensing requirements, compliance and enforcement, and illicit trade penalties for tobacco manufacturers and distributers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "These types of measures have previously proven effective in combating illicit cigarette sales due to tax evasion [10][21][22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Moreover, the United States should ensure that cessation products and less harmful nicotine products (eg, e-cigarettes, Swedish snus) are both widely available and affordable to help smokers handle nicotine cravings and reduce the motivation to seek regular nicotine content cigarettes from illicit sources [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Our findings should also be taken in proper context."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Although they suggest greater smoker interest in purchasing illicit regular nicotine products, the magnitude of the observed effect was modest and should not be a deterrent for FDA or any other regulatory agency for implementing a VLNC product standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Moreover, if an illicit market grew large, it would not be invisible to enforcement agencies [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In addition to these regulatory measures, health communications (eg, mass-media campaigns) could help to maximize the impact of a new VLNC product standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "These communications could deter smokers from seeking banned regular nicotine content cigarettes by informing them about penalties for illicit purchases and encouraging them to quit smoking altogether."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Campaigns could also encourage smokers to use this change as the time to quit smoking, remind smokers of cessation products and less harmful nicotine products, and educate smokers that VLNC cigarettes are not less harmful than current cigarettes (a common misperception) [23][24][25][26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0033__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Future studies should test various campaign messages’ ability to avert possible unintended consequences of a VLNC standard, including illicit cigarette trade and misperceptions of harm [27][28]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4091", "paragraph_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Strengths of our study include the use of an experimental design with successful randomization and the inclusion of a large national sample of smokers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One limitation is that the outcome of interest in illicit purchases could have overestimated the potential impact of a VLNC standard on actual illicit cigarette purchases given that intentions do not perfectly predict behavior [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, we guarded against this possibility by categorizing smokers as being interested in illicit cigarettes only if they answered “very interested” or “extremely interested."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "” The small difference in item wording for the two study conditions could have contributed to differences across conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We did not assess reasons for interest in illicit cigarettes; future studies should consider examining these reasons both quantitatively and qualitatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Finally, the use of a convenience sample limits the ability to infer population prevalence estimates, although online convenience samples tend to provide valid results for experiments, accurately estimating the impact of experimentally manipulated variables [16][30][31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This experiment found that learning about a potential low nicotine content product standard increased US smokers’ interest in illicit purchases of regular nicotine content cigarettes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These findings suggest the potential for an increased demand for illicit cigarette trade following a VLNC product standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "FDA and other US government agencies should consider regulatory actions such as track and trace to prevent illicit cigarette sales from weakening the public health impact of a VLNC standard."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4091__response__p0034__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "They could also develop effective communications to help smokers understand the new standard and provide support to help smokers quit smoking altogether."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4091/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2997749389_W2998056262_W2996843727", "triad_name": "triad_4091", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4091__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several genetically modified (GM) crops have been devel- oped to provide protection against certain lepidopteran target pests, such as the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hü bner) and the Mediterranean corn borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre), by the introduction of a part of a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene encoding the insecticidal Cry1Ab protein (http://www.agbios.com/ dbase.php)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Bt protein binds to specific receptors on the epithelial surface of the midgut of lepidopteran species, leading to the death of larvae through pore for- mation, cell burst and septicaemia (Crickmore 2005; Soberó n et al. 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At present, maize MON810 is the only commercial Bt crop grown in the European Union (EU), having been cropped over a significant area since 2003, mainly in Spain (Gó mez-Barbero et al. 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within Europe, maize is not an important food resource for indigenous lepidopteran larvae, with the exception of few pest species, so exposure to potentially harmful amounts of Bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near maize MON810 fields is the main risk to non-target Lepidoptera, as reviewed in the BEETLE report (2009)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A laboratory assay suggested a hazard to the North American Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) larvae that consumed maize Bt11 pollen deposited on milkweed (Asclepias spp., especially common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L.) leaves compared This journal is q 2010 The Royal Society with those reared on leaves dusted with non-GM maize pollen or on leaves without pollen (Losey et al. 1999)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subsequently, lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-maize pollen consumption by lepidopteran larvae have been reported for several non-target lepidopteran species under laboratory conditions in the USA ( Jesse & Obrycki 2000; Wraight et al. 2000; Hellmich et al. 2001; Dively et al. 2004; Anderson et al. 2005; Mattila et al. 2005) and within Europe (Felke et al. 2002; Felke & Langenbruch 2005; Lang & Vojtech 2006), the magni- tude of the hazard being dependent on the Bt-maize event, the lepidopteran species and the larval stage, the amount of pollen consumed and amount of Cry1Ab protein ingested."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The hazard reported for the Monarch butterfly in lab- oratory experiments (Losey et al. 1999) led to extensive exposure assessments in the field in the USA, which found that the proportion of Monarch butterfly popu- lations exposed to toxic levels of Bt-pollen is small owing to the limited spatial distribution of maize pollen (Pleasants et al. 2001) and the limited temporal overlap between larval development and pollen shed (Oberhauser et al. 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exposure to potentially harmful quantities of maize pollen is largely restricted to pollen deposited on milkweed host plants in the area of field margins within 1- 5 m of the edge of maize fields, since the highest pollen concentrations occur in and near maize fields."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A risk assessment model estimated that the average prob- ability of short-duration exposure to Bt-maize pollen within maize fields, for those states and provinces within the corn belt that constitute 50 per cent of the eastern North American Monarch breeding habitat, was less than 0.1 per cent (Sears et al. 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Comparable con- clusions were reached by a similar approach applied to the risk associated with longer term exposure of Monarch butterfly populations (Dively et al. 2004)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Extensive exposure assessment studies similar to those performed in the USA have not been conducted under European environmental conditions, although Darvas et al. ( 2004) and Gathmann et al. ( 2006b) conducted exposure and abundance studies of certain species of non-target Lepidoptera in specific localities in Europe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Information regarding the scale of the hazard is available from estimates of the number of non-target macrolepi- dopteran species that might theoretically be exposed and thus affected on a regional scale by Bt-maize pollen (Schmitz et al. 2003; Darvas et al. 2004; Traxler et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, other field studies provide some rel- evant data on the exposure of European lepidopteran species in agricultural landscapes on a population level (Lang et al. 2004; Gathmann et al. 2006a,b), but data on some aspects of exposure, particularly plant - insect phenology, pollen consumption and subsequent mortality in field conditions, are rare within Europe."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the cultivation of Bt-maize has been ongoing for several years in Spain, data from Spain on effects on non-target Lepidoptera are scarce because their abundance tends to be low at the time when maize is pollinating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Extrapo- lating observations made on one non-target lepidopteran species to another is problematic because of between- species variability in both acute sensitivity to Cry1Ab protein and plant - insect phenological coincidence (Schmitz et al. 2003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, the MON810 event has now been integrated into many commercial maize varieties with differing sowing dates and developmental characteristics, resulting in a range of flowering dates, thus increasing temporal variability in exposure to the Cry1Ab protein (Van Hout et al. 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Aviron et al. ( 2009) also emphasized the practical difficulties of con- ducting experiments to detect small effects, where they exist, on all lepidopteran species that could be potentially exposed to Bt-maize pollen."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Under EU Directive 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the environment of GM organisms, there is a legal requirement for an environmental risk assessment of the cultivation of maize MON810 within the EU (EFSA 2009); this must include an assessment of the adverse effects on non-target Lepidoptera resulting from exposure to pollen from this Bt-maize (see Sears et al. 2001; Wolt et al. 2005; Peterson et al. 2006)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper describes a mathematical model used to facilitate the quantification of risk assessment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model explores possible scenarios for the exposure of three widespread European lepidopteran species in 11 representative maize cultivation regions in four European countries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the first time, to our knowledge, the integration of a mortality - dose relationship from the laboratory with a dose - distance relationship from the field allows direct estimates of larval mortality both within the crop and within the field margin as a function of distance from the crop edge."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These estimates were adjusted to allow for physical effects; the lack of temporal coincidence between the susceptible larval stage concerned and the period over which maize MON810 pollen is shed; and seven further exposure parameters concerned with maize agronomy and host-plant ecology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sublethal effects were estimated and allowance made for aggregated pollen deposition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At each stage in the model development, where there was a choice we have endeavoured to model 'worst-case' scenarios, in which any assumptions would tend towards overestimation rather than underestimation of mortality and sublethality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model has 11 parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The principal parameters are denoted g and h. The parameter g(E ) represents the worst-case probability that a given larva will suffer mor- tality from ingesting maize MON810 pollen deposited onto its host plant located in the field margin at distance E from the nearest edge of the maize MON810 crop."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, the term worst-case refers to potential mortality, as measured in the laboratory or under controlled exper- imental conditions, before allowance for factors such as physical effects and temporal coincidence, which reduce this mortality to realistic values observed in the field (see below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The parameter g represents an average prob- ability over factors such as whether the margin is on the upwind or downwind side of the field, or time of day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The parameter h represents the worst-case probability that a given larva will suffer mortality from ingesting maize MON810 pollen deposited onto its host plant located within the maize MON810 crop."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two parameters model effects that reduce exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The parameter x represents the proportion of larvae that remains exposed, after allowance for a set of physical effects that include: degradation of pollen toxicity 1418 J. N. Perry et al. Modelling exposure of Lepidoptera Proc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "B (2010) (Griego & Spence 1978; Obrist et al. 2006); rain washing pollen off leaves (Pleasants et al. 2001); larvae feeding on the underside of leaves where pollen densities are smaller (Jesse & Obrycki 2003); larval avoidance of leaf midrib area where pollen densities tend to be aggregated (Pleasants et al. 2001); larvae feeding on lower leaves on which less pollen has been deposited through the shading effect of leaves above them (Pleasants et al. 2001), etc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The parameter a represents the proportion by which exposure is reduced owing to lack of temporal coinci- dence between the susceptible larval stage concerned and the period over which maize MON810 pollen is shed (Wolt et al. 2003; Lang et al. 2004; Gathmann et al. 2006b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For simplicity, this model considers a single larval instar."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The quantification of temporal coinci- dence is conceptualized as follows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lepidopteran larvae do not enter instars synchronously; it is assumed that there is a bivariate distribution for the days on which larvae enter (t s ) and leave (t l ) the particular susceptible instar modelled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Regarding anthesis, similarly, the period within the flowering of maize when pollen is shed is asynchronous between individual crop plants, and it is assumed that there is a bivariate distribution for the days on which plants begin (t b ) and end (t e ) shed- ding pollen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consider the ellipsoids that represent the 95th percentiles of these two bivariate distributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This model assumes that the full exposure of larvae to pollen is reduced proportionately by the degree to which the overlap between these two ellipsoids is incomplete."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Specifically, the parameter a measures the proportion of the ellipsoid that represents the 95th percentile for instar development that is not overlapped by the ellipsoid that represents the 95th percentile for pollen shed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Note that the expected actual mortality rate for an individual larva is therefore xag(E ) within the field margin and xah within the crop."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The parameters g(E ) and h are specific to the host plant, lepidopteran species and larval stage modelled, but generic across regions; x and a are assumed to be specific to the geographical region."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The following three parameters of the model control large-scale demographic aspects of exposure and are all specific to regions but gen- eric across host plant and species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The parameter z represents the proportion of arable fields that are cropped with maize in any given year in the defined region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The parameter v represents the proportion of maize sown within the defined region, that is, the variety MON810 (Gó mez-Barbero et al. 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The parameter y represents the proportion of the lepidopteran host plant that is found within arable crops and in their margins (as opposed to gardens, woodlands, non-arable fields, etc., which are too far from maize MON810 fields for pollen deposition to present any quantifiable risk)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Note that the proportion of the population potentially exposed, after allowance for reduction owing to these large-scale demographic factors, is then yzv."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The next two parameters are specific to regions, host plants and species; parameters e and f measure, respectively, the density of the host plant within the maize crop and in the field margins, in plants m 22 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For simplicity, it is assumed that host plants occur spatially at random within crops and field margins."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The final two parameters relate to field size and are therefore specific to regions but generic across host plants and species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For simplicity, it is assumed that maize MON810 fields are square."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The parameter C represents the average size of a maize field in hectares and the par- ameter D represents the average width of a field margin in metres."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When parametrizing the model for specific regions, allowance is made for possible bimodal distri- butions of field margins because fields in a region may often have margins that are several metres wide or have no margins at all."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The model was parametrized for exposed larvae of three non-target lepidopteran species: the peacock butterfly Inachis io L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae), the red admiral butterfly Vanessa atalanta L. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera Plutellidae), for 11 representative European maize cultivation regions: Aachen, Berkatal, Bonn, Grebbin, Oderbruch and the Upper Rhine Valley from Germany; the Po Valley (east and central) and the Po Valley (southern and coastal) in Italy; Tolna County in Hungary; and the Ebro Valley and Madrid from Spain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For both butterflies, the model was parametrized for the most susceptible first instars (Darvas et al. 2004), and the widespread nettle host plant Urtica dioica L. For the moth, the model was parametrized for fourth instar larvae, which were the most sensitive of the species and instars studied by Felke & Langenbruch (2005), and which were assumed to feed on widespread Brassicaceae host plants such as Lepi- dium draba (L.), Capsella bursa-pastoris (L. Medik.), Thlaspi arvense (L.) and Raphanus raphanistrum (L.)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The two but- terfly species were chosen for their conservation value (Schmitz et al. 2003; Darvas et al. 2004; Traxler et al. 2005), while the moth, a serious pest of cultivated Cruci- ferae, was chosen because it is one of the most susceptible Lepidoptera to the Cry1Ab insecticidal protein (Felke & Langenbruch 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In controlled conditions, unpro- tected larvae of V. atalanta are thought to be of very similar susceptibility to those of I. io (Darvas et al. 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both species are somewhat protected under field conditions from pollen deposition; the former species creates 'leaf bags', the latter builds webs (e.g. Scott 1986)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section: (i) published mortality - dose relation- ships, for individuals of the three lepidopteran species with pollen of the different event maize Bt176, are cali- brated to relate to maize MON810 pollen and expressed in terms of logits; (ii) published pollen deposition - distance relationships for pollen deposited on the different host plant A. syriaca are calibrated to relate to U. dioica and Brassicaceae; and (iii) results from (i) and (ii) are integrated to yield field margin and within-crop mortality - distance relationships for individual larvae of the chosen larval/host-plant combinations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In no-choice feeding studies with leaf discs coated with maize Bt176 pollen, Felke & Langenbruch (2005) showed that the average lethal concentration value that kills half (LC 50 ) of the fourth instars of P. xylostella was eight pollen grains placed on a 0.071 cm 2 host-plant leaf disc (113.1 pollen grains cm 22 leaf area)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Results for other lepidopteran larvae included O. nubilalis, LC 50 452.6 pollen grains cm 22 leaf area for second instars, and I. io (see especially Felke et al. in press), LC 50 186.8 pollen Modelling exposure of Lepidoptera J. N. Perry et al. 1419 Proc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "B (2010) grains cm 22 leaf area for first instars."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since concentrations of the Cry1Ab protein in pollen of maize MON810 are approximately 31-fold less than those in maize Bt176 (Hellmich et al. 2001; Sears et al. 2001; Mendelsohn et al. 2003; Nguyen & Jehle 2007), the LC 50 for MON810 was estimated as 3626 pollen grains cm 22 leaf area for fourth instars of P. xylostella and 5800 pollen grains cm 22 leaf area for first instars of I. io and V. atalanta."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Quantification of the mortality - dose relationship through a probit- or logit-regression relationship requires information concerning not only the intercept (effectively given by the LC 50 ) but also the slope (the rate of change of mortality with change in concentration)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Estimates of slopes are scarce for non-target Lepidoptera, but Felke et al. ( in press) estimated the probit slope to be in excess of 5.0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Considering that pollen concentrations on host plants through field deposition are likely to be con- siderably smaller than the LC 50 value (Wraight et al. 2000), such a large slope implies very low mortality rates at concentrations typically encountered in or near fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, for the slope estimate given by Felke et al. ( in press), the value of the parameter h for first instars of I. io would be less than 10 29 , and the value of rate g(E) within field margins would be even smaller."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whether such estimates are realistic in the field is yet to be determined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, as a worst-case scenario, the model was parametrized with a much smaller estimate of the probit slope, 1.095, an estimate obtained by Saeglitz et al. ( 2006a,b) for O. nubilalis over a number of exper- iments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This compares reasonably well with estimates made by Farinós et al. ( 2004), which for O. nubilalis were in the range 1.33-3.15, and for S. nonagrioides were in the range 0.92-2.96."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The value 1.095 was used through- out for all three species considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since the slope is invariant under the change of scale for probit analysis, the estimated slope applies equally both to concentrations expressed in units of pollen grains per square centimetre leaf area and to doses in units of nanogram of truncated toxin used by Saeglitz et al. ( 2006a,b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence, if p B represents the proportion of I. io and V. atalanta individuals that suffer mortality as a result of a concentration, d, expressed as the number of maize MON810 pollen grains cm 22 , then probitð p B Þ ¼ À4:121 þ 1:095 log 10 d; and if p M represents the proportion of the P. xylostella indi- viduals that suffer mortality, then probitð p M Þ ¼ À3:898 þ 1:095 log 10 d:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Working with logits rather than probits yields an exact solution for expressions involving p. The above probit- regression relationships are well approximated by the following logit-regression relationships:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The concentration, d, of pollen grains adhering to the leaves of host plants declines rapidly with increasing dis- tance in metres, E, from the maize source (Eastham & Sweet 2002; Jarosz et al. 2004; Devos et al. 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This decline in pollen deposition within the margins of maize fields was modelled through a linear regression of log 10 d on E, using the extensive data of Wraight et al. ( 2000, especially fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wraight et al. ( 2000) measured maize pollen falling on microscope slides covered with a coat of petroleum jelly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The slides provided an accurate measure of total pollen deposition but probably overesti- mated the amount of pollen retained on foliage by about threefold (Pleasants et al. 2001; Lang et al. 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Allowance for this results in the following relationship:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This relationship is consistent with results of Jesse & Obrycki (2000) from a smaller set of data, and is appro- priate for P. xylostella larvae feeding on Brassicaceae."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, for larvae of I. io and V. atalanta, the results of Darvas et al. ( 2004) suggest that about 2.85 times as much pollen adheres to the hairy leaves of its host plant U. dioica, suggesting that the relationship be amended to log 10 d ¼ 2:346 À 0:145E:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For larvae of I. io and V. atalanta, equations (2.1) and (2.4) may be combined to express mortality within the field margin directly in terms of distance from the edge of the crop, thus yielding the parameter denoted g(E) above:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that at the very edge of a maize MON810 crop, where E ¼ 0, the estimated mortality rate is g(0) ¼ p B ¼ 0.0292 (equivalent to one individual in 34.25), and that 2 m into the margin, this rate itself is approximately halved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Numerical integration shows that average mor- tality within a 2 m band within the margin is 0.0209 (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "with the value of 0.075 for the corresponding par- ameter conjectured by the EFSA GMO Panel; EFSA 2009)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For larvae of P. xylostella, equations (2.2) and (2.3) may be combined similarly to yield"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Estimates of the parameter h may be derived by noting that pollen deposition within a maize crop is approxi- mately 2.7 times that at the edge ( Jesse & Obrycki 2000; Wraight et al. 2000; Pleasants et al. 2001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For larvae of I. io and V. atalanta, the adjusted equations (2.1) and (2.4) are combined to give h ¼ 0:0805; ð2:7Þ and for larvae of P. xylostella a value of h ¼ 0:0486:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The expected proportion of all the larvae in a margin that suffer worst-case mortality, before allowing for effects that reduce exposure, is denoted by m ¼ m(D), and is obtained by averaging the value of g(E) over the margin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In practice, m is obtained by the numerical integration of equation (2.5) or (2.6), between the values E ¼ 0 and E ¼ D. Values of m are shown for various margin 1420 J. N. Perry et al. Modelling exposure of Lepidoptera Proc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "B (2010) widths, for the butterflies and the moth, in figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For all species considered, the parameter m(D) is about double the value for small values of D (very narrow mar- gins) than for D ¼ 5, and there is a further approximate halving of m(D) at D ¼ 10."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Estimates of ax are typically about one-third, so the estimated actual within-crop mortality of individual larvae is about 2- 3% for I. io and V. atalanta and about 1 -2% for P. xylostella, and the estimated actual within-margin mortality of individual larvae, for any width of margin, is always less than 1 per cent for I. io and V. atalanta and less than 0.6 per cent for P. xylostella."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For an assumed specific square field of size C (ha) with a margin of D (m), the within-margin area is approximately 400D p C (m 2 ), so the expected number of host plants within the field margins is 400Df p C. The expected number of host plants within the crop is 10 000Ce."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Then, of the population that is potentially exposed within the crop and field margins, an approximate pro- portion (10 000Ceh þ 400fD p Cm)/(10 000Ce þ 400fD p C) suffers mortality, which may be simplified to (25eh p C þ fDm)/(25e p C þ fD)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After allowance for large-scale demo- graphic effects, physical effects, temporal overlap and spatial overlap, the estimated proportion of the population that suffers mortality is"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For regions where margins have a bimodal distribution for which there is a probability of q that a field will have no margin at all, then this proportion becomes"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Values of parameters other than g, m, and h were chosen by the authors separately for each region mod- elled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Information on the parameter v for maize MON810 is only available from the larger Bt-maize culti- vation areas in Spain, where it has reached 0.65 in some regions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, for the regions modelled in Germany, Hungary and Italy, the maximum limit for Bt-maize (v ¼ 0.8) was chosen (based on current insect resistance management requirements for lepidopteran target pests, requiring 20% non-Bt-maize refuge areas), to ensure that a worst-case scenario was modelled that would yield relatively large estimates of mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A summary of all chosen parameter values is given in table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While it is generally agreed that densities of pollen grains decline rapidly with increasing distance from the maize source (Eastham & Sweet 2002; Jarosz et al. 2004; Devos et al. 2005), few studies have measured the varia- bility of pollen concentrations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pollen deposition may vary greatly spatially depending upon weather conditions (Jarosz et al. 2004; Hofmann 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Owing to vertical wind movements or gusts, particularly in thundery con- ditions on summer afternoons, a particular small area may experience a larger than average concentration of pollen, even many tens of metres away from a maize field (Vogler et al. 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, such larger than aver- age pollen concentrations are balanced by smaller than average values elsewhere, where effects are diluted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The frequency distributions given in table 2 of Pleasants et al. ( 2001) demonstrate that this variability may be con- siderable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This effect has been quantified in fig. 4 of Hofmann (2007), where log 10 d is shown to decline line- arly with log 10 E, as expected, but with variability about the regression line that may be represented by a normal random variable with variance about 0.175, so that the 99% confidence interval around the line encompasses about 12-fold variation in concentration, at any given dis- tance, in both directions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For linear systems, the average expected effect of such variation would be zero, but the model considered here is highly nonlinear; therefore, it is necessary to assess what is the effect of the measured variability on the deterministic estimates of mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This was done by simulating, for each of a range of dis- tances E, a thousand random variables N, where N is a normal random variable with zero mean and variance 0.175, and computing log 10 d ¼ 1.891 - 0.145E þ N, the stochastic analogue of equation (2.4) and, in separate simulations, log 10 d ¼ 2.346 - 0.145E, the stochastic ana- logue of equation (2.6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From that set of values, equations (2.1) and (2.2) were used to derive estimates of mortality that allowed for stochastic variability in pollen deposition, for comparison with predictions from the deterministic case derived in equations (2.5) and (2.6)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 5, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Modelling exposure of Lepidoptera J. N. Perry et al. 1421 Proc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "B (2010) et al. 2004; Lang & Vojtech 2006) is defined as a reduction in larval weight gain, then observations in Spain on the lepidopteran pests O. nubilalis and S. nonagrioides indicate that mortality rates caused by maize MON810 pollen of about 25 and 10 per cent correspond to sublethality rates of about 100 and 50 per cent, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These values are broadly consistent with the data of Lang & Vojtech (2006) and Felke et al. ( 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, sub- lethal effects were modelled by assuming that, for any given width of margin D, and the average worst-case mor- tality rate within the margin of m(D), the proportion of larvae suffering sublethal effects, before allowance for any effects that reduced exposure, was 4m(D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similarly, within the crop, worst-case sublethality rates before allow- ance for other effects were assumed to be four times worst-case mortality rates, i.e. 0.322 for larvae of I. io/ V. atalanta and 0.194 for larvae of P. xylostella."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A key effect of Cry toxins on lepidopteran larvae is reduced feeding, which can lead to a greatly reduced rate of devel- opment and a level of functional mortality much greater than estimates of direct mortality measured in laboratory assays over short periods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Under a worst-case scenario, all larvae suffering sublethal effects would be assumed to die without completing their development, although this would most probably greatly overestimate the actual mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Estimates of population mortality and sublethality rates are given for all species and regions considered in table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the two butterflies, estimates for Spain were zero because for those regions, at the time of maize polli- nation, there are almost no host plants for larvae to feed on in the fields or field margins, since weed control and local irrigation culture suppress weed and field margin vegetation strongly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, intensive field surveys in 2009 recorded no U. dioica plants and only one species, C. draba (L.), of Cruciferae, with no lepidopteran larvae feeding on this weed (G. P. Farinó s 2009, personal com- munication)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For each species, the minimum, maximum and median rates, excluding Spain, were computed over the regions considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The mean of the stochastic ana- logues of the parameter g(E ), calculated using the variability described in Hofmann (2007), was, for I. io and V. atalanta, between 1.53 (for E ¼ 0) and 1.63 (for E ¼ 4.5) times greater than the deterministic value shown in figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For P. xylostella, the mean of the sto- chastic analogue was between 1.71 (for E ¼ 0) and 1.79 (for E ¼ 4.5) times greater than the deterministic value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "After allowance for all the effects modelled, the estimated median stochastic mortality rate over regions (excluding Spain) for both I. io and V. atalanta was 2.66 Â 10 24 (1.33 times the corresponding deterministic value), and for P. xylostella was 2.67 Â 10 24 (1.17 times the corresponding deterministic value)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conclusions from this modelling exercise are that a full exposure assessment is possible for several non- target lepidopteran species exposed to Cry1Ab expressing pollen in or near maize MON810 fields, but it requires many factors to be taken into account, some of which have had to be modelled with restricted available data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we believe that the predictions made here are relatively robust for the following reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "First, the esti- mates for larvae of non-target Lepidoptera reported here represent worst-case scenarios, in which any assumptions would tend towards overestimation, rather than underes- timation of mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The estimates were probably most sensitive to the variable measuring the rate of change of mortality with concentration, i.e. the slope in the probit analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Indeed, had the estimate of Felke et al. ( in press) been used instead of that of Saeglitz et al. ( 2006a,b) the mortality rates reported would have been about 8 Â 10 27 smaller."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, while future utiliz- ation rates measured by parameter v, cannot now be known accurately, the assumed rate of 0.8 is most unlikely to be achieved even if cultivation were unrestricted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, population mortality rates would most prob- ably be even smaller than reported here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the stochastic simulations suggested that the increase in mor- tality rates owing to aggregation of pollen deposition into heterogeneous clumps will be no more than one-third of those reported in table 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, for P. xylostella, while there can be marked variance in the sensitivity of different unselected populations to Cry toxins and while the species, cultivar and age of the leaf of the brassica used can also significantly influence the toxicity in bioassays, the sensitivity of the population used by Felke & Langenbruch (2005), from which our data derives, was relatively high."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourth, the model used here suggests that population sublethality rates would be likely to be proportionally larger than population mortality rates by the same multiplicative factor that sublethality was assumed to exceed mortality for individual larvae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In that case, future estimates of population sublethality might usefully be based on estimates for individuals from laboratory studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Predicted environmental impact on the studied non- target lepidopteran larvae owing to exposure to potentially harmful amounts of pollen deposited on host plants in or near maize MON810 fields was low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In all regions: Aachen, Berkatal, Bonn, Grebbin, Oderbruch and the Upper Rhine Valley from Germany; the Po Valley (central) and the Po Valley (coastal) from Italy; Tolna County in Hungary; and the Ebro Valley and Madrid from Spain, the calculated mortality rate was less than 6.36 Â 10 24 (one individual in every 1572) for the butterflies I. io and V. atalanta and 2.55 Â 10 23 (one individual in every 392) for the moth P. xylostella."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The median (typical) rates across all regions excluding Spain were 2 Â 10 24 (one individual in every 5000) for the but- terflies and 2.29 Â 10 24 (one individual in every 4366) for the moth."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our results suggest that previous estimates (EFSA 2009), using similar techniques but relying on experts' estimates for parameters g(E) and h rather than calculated values, were overly cautious and that mortality and sublethality are about four times less than they estimated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To place the above results into a quantified population- dynamic context, it would be necessary to predict the precise effects of mortality owing to Bt-maize MON810 in a particular generation(s) on All modelling exercises are subject to uncertainties; as with any ecological model, further data would refine the estimates reported here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The variability in our reported estimates arises from: (i) natural variation between areas, reflecting expected agronomic and environmental heterogeneity, such as those relating to parameters C, D, e, f, etc.; ( ii) differences between experts' interpretation in parameters other than g(E) and h; and (iii) uncertain- ties arising from incomplete availability of data, particularly regarding sublethal effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Stefan Rauschen, Ralf Wilhelm, Gema P. Farinó s, two referees and an anonymous colleague for helpful discussions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We thank the European Food Safety Authority for paying page charges."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3267__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Perry et al. [ 1] developed a model to simulate the field exposure and adverse effects for three European non-target Lepidoptera species (Inachis io L., Vanessa atalanta L., and Plutella xylostella L.) to pollen of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize MON810 containing lepidopteran-targeting Cry1Ab toxin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Perry et al. explicitly modelled the worst case scenario and came to hard quantitative predictions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the incomplete and uncertain input data cause a higher uncertainty than Perry et al. indicate, and we are specifically concerned with the possibility that the effects might be worse than they predict."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here, we specify this uncertainty by addressing some of the basic model assumptions and input data regarding the toxic effects of Cry1Ab to lepidopteran larvae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We do not address the hypotheses of the model regarding maize pollen dispersal and deposition, or population-dynamic effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A key problem of the modelling study of Perry et al. is that virtually no studies exist in the peer-reviewed literature reporting on the dose–response effects of MON810 pollen to European non-target Lepidoptera [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In consequence, the authors had to substitute data obtained from experiments with another transgenic event expressing Cry1Ab, the Bt176 maize [3,4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our view, the use of these studies is problematic for several reasons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the authors set the toxicity of MON810 pollen to 31-fold less than Bt176 maize pollen, but did not provide data supporting the implied assumption of a linear relationship between Cry1Ab dose and adverse effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dose–effect relation may be nonlinear, possibly resulting in a disproportionally higher effect of low Cry1Ab concentrations [5,6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the assumption of a 31-fold difference in Cry1Ab concentration of pollen of MON810 and Bt176 is an average value, which Perry et al. seemingly derived from four papers (but three of them refer to the same source, the US Environmental Protection Agency)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, Cry1Ab content in pollen varies substantially even within the same event depending on the year, the site, the plant and possibly the cultivar [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, Cry1Ab concentration has been recorded to be as low as 389 ng g21 in Bt176 pollen and as high as 97 ng g21 in MON810 pollen, which is only a four-fold difference [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, Perry et al. claim that larvae of the red admiral, Vanessa atalanta, are equally susceptible to Cry1Ab as those of Inachis io."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The evidence cited [9] did not test or report Cry1Ab susceptibility of V. atalanta, and indeed, no toxicological tests with Cry1Ab are published for this species so far."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Susceptibility to Bt can vary greatly among lepidopteran species, e.g. 10-fold between close relatives within a genus, making a prediction of the sensitivity to Bt for any given species difficult [3,10], and extrapolating model data from one species to another may be inappropriate [11,12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourth, the values for mortality incorporated into the model are likely to underestimate the real values owing to two experimental limitations in the studies used: Felke & Langenbruch [3] and Felke et al. [ 4] exposed the lepidopteran larvae to Bt maize pollen for 2 days and terminated the trials after 7 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exposure in the field is likely to last longer as maize fields shed pollen over a prolonged period, on average 8 days or even longer [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, the larvae will continue to suffer lethal and sublethal effects in later stages (older than 7 days) owing to long-term effects following a short acute dose of Cry1Ab [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both will result in lower LC/EC50 values than applied in the model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Several other conditions of the above laboratory studies also do not reflect realistic field situations, which have the potential to underestimate a Cry1Ab effect [2], e.g. using cut leaf disks instead of whole host plants, providing ample food to the larvae, keeping larvae under favourable abiotic conditions and excluding multiple environmental stressors exacerbating a Bt effect, e.g. bacterial infections of lepidopteran larvae [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Acute toxicity may not be a reliable predictor of sub-lethal effects [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Owing to lack of data, Perry et al. assume sublethality rate to be four times the mortality rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The justification of this assumed relationship remains to be clarified as the papers ‘broadly consistent’ with this assumption [4,6] do not allow deriving such a ratio of sub-lethal effects to mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, a Bt maize pollen density of 18.7 grains cm22 caused a significant average reduction in body mass of caterpillars of the common swallowtail (Papilio machaon), while the same pollen density caused no increased mortality [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The notion of the authors that the reduction of larval body mass would be representative for all other types of sublethal parameters seems to lack conclusive support."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0058__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Especially, effects on fecundity can be as important as effects on survival [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Any Cry1Ab effect will be moderated in the field by variation of exposure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, all publications cited in Perry et al. in support of a possible reduction in exposure through behaviour of the larvae refer to Danaus plexippus, the American monarch butterfly, but none to the three modelled European species which show different (feeding) behaviours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Likewise, several other parameters were also set by personal (unreferenced) estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These include the proportion and density of host plants in and near maize fields, or the temporal overlap of larval occurrence and Bt-maize cultivation (see parameters in table 1 of Perry et al. [ 1])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Perry et al. provided the first model study for Bt-maize effects on Lepidoptera."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The assessment of such effects is complex, thus modelling approaches are welcomed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Model studies are especially helpful to better identify and understand complex interactions of key parameters and basic processes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, risk assessment of genetically modified organisms is a sensitive area, and any quantitative conclusions should be drawn and published with greatest care, as these could have significant policy and regulatory implications."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As specified above, the claim of Perry et al. to have simulated the worst-case scenario must be challenged."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, their model study involves considerable uncertainty in values of key ingredients, and their chosen approach is not sufficiently cautious to reflect this uncertainty."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A full uncertainty/sensitivity analysis would need to be performed before making detailed quantitative predictions, and certainly for predictions outside the original application."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3267__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We respond to the Comment of Lang et al. [ 1] regarding our mathematical model [2] of exposure of non-target Lepidoptera to Bt-maize pollen expressing Cry1Ab within Europe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lang et al. remark on the degree to which the model was subject to uncertainty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Perry et al. [ 2] did indeed emphasize precaution: they made four separate decisions to model worst-case scenarios; identified six distinct sources of variability to which their results might be sensitive; and emphasized six different bases for the uncertainty of predictions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lang et al. rightly emphasize the importance of identifying to which parameters the results of a model are most sensitive; Perry et al. should perhaps have emphasized more that the parameter to which their estimates of mortality were most sensitive was undoubtedly the variable measuring the rate of change of mortality with concentration/dose of the Cry1Ab protein (i.e. the slope of the probit/logit regression line; see below)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding the relationship between the toxicity of MON810 and Bt176 pollen, Lang et al. imply that the relationship between mortality and dose may be nonlinear."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Regressions from bioassay should always be checked for nonlinearity, but there was no evidence of this in any of the extensive number of regressions of Saeglitz et al. [ 3,4] upon which our slope estimate was based."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of course, the standard transformation of mortality to probits (or logits) and the logarithmic transformation of concentration [5,6] are designed to achieve a linear regression; both papers cited by Lang et al. use this method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Data from one of these papers [7] were tested for nonlinearity; none was found, and no disproportionately higher mortality at low Cry1Ab concentrations could be verified (figure 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lang et al. are correct that Perry et al. used the range of published [8,9] values (12.2 – 78.9) to derive an average of the ratio of the concentration of the Cry1Ab protein expressed in pollen of maize Bt176 relative to that in maize MON810 for which a 31.05-fold difference was assumed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is already likely to be a worst-case underestimate because, as Sears et al. [ 8] noted, the value of expression for MON810 was near the current level of detection by immunoassay."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We do not agree with Lang et al. ’s interpretation of the data from Nguyen [10]: they compared the smallest Bt176 value from 2002 to the largest MON810 value from 2003."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The within-year ratio of Bt176 : MON810 was 64.8 in 2002 and 30.5 in 2003."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The latter value, very close to that adopted by Perry et al., leads to larger mortality estimates for MON810 than the former, a further example of Perry et al. ’s use of worst-case scenarios."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 2 shows the importance of the distinction between the intercept and slope of the probit/logit line in this issue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The conclusions of the model for risk management depend on the degree of estimated mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The conclusions are clearly highly sensitive to assumptions concerning the slope."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They are sensitive, but much less so, to the intercept; it is governed by the Bt176 : MON810 ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Figure 2 demonstrates the effect of choosing an alternative worst-case value of the ratio (12.2) at the end of the range."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding the assumption of equal susceptibility for the butterflies Inachis io and Vanessa atalanta, we apologize for the incorrect citation given by Perry et al. We acknowledge that data to compare the sensitivities of I. io and V. atalanta are very limited."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We are aware of no evidence that the sensitivities differ; unpublished data from a single field experiment appear to suggest that they may not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both Perry et al. and Lang et al. remarked on the need for further data on European Lepidoptera of conservation concern."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lang et al. argue that the experimental methodology of Felke et al. [ 11] was likely to give results that underestimated true mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in many experiments with MON810, larvae have been exposed to longer time periods than those of Felke et al. [ 11]: 10 days [12]; 14 – 22 days [13]; 7 days [14]; 10 – 14 days [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These and other experiments with MON810 pollen have shown no negative effects when lepidopteran larvae were exposed to MON810 pollen alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, susceptibility to Bt toxin declines with age in older instars (e.g. [16]), so any potential for negative impacts of Bt pollen is reduced as the larvae develop."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lang et al. claim that fig. 1 of [7] demonstrates long-term effects (longer than 7 days) following a short acute dose of Bt."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, comparison of treatment and control in that figure appears to contradict rather than support their claim."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the period between 7 and 27 days, the mortality for a dose of 2.5 mg of Bt is only marginally (approx. 2%) greater than that of the control, while the mortalities for all other doses (1, 5, 7.5, 10, 20, 30 mg) are at least 5 per cent less than that of the control."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We fully agree with Lang et al. that sublethal effects should encompass fecundity and other parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, many studies neglect to test parameters other than larval or pupal weight (e.g. [7])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Perry et al. emphasized that ‘our methods are subject to considerable uncertainty’, a caveat repeated in the final sentence of the Discussion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lang et al. stated that ‘all publications cited in Perry et al. in support of a possible reduction in exposure through behaviour of the larvae refer to Danaus plexippus’, but have perhaps overlooked Perry et al. ’s text: ‘Both species [V. atalanta and I. io] are somewhat protected from pollen deposition; the former species creates “leaf bags”, the latter builds webs (e.g. [17])’."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree that the extent to which exposure is reduced through such behaviour is variable but it is surely not contentious to state that there is evidence for this for neonate larvae within Europe (see e.g. http://tristram.squarespace.com/home/2009/6/9/peacock-butterfly-caterpillars.html)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding sensitivity analysis, it is important to allow for the fact that depositions of pollen in the field occur at far lesser concentrations than the LC50s for the three species considered by Perry et al. In consequence, as shown in figure 2, differing assumptions for the slope of the assumed probit (or logit) line will have little effect on the results for concentrations close to the LC50, but result in very large differences at concentrations around those expected within the crop or in the margin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Within the crop, the estimated mortality using the slope estimated by Felke et al. [ 11] is vanishingly small and such a value would be impossible to measure in field conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even a doubling of the Saeglitz et al. [ 3,4] slope of close to 1.1 to the moderately small average 2.25 estimated by Farino´s et al. [ 18] would result in roughly 10-fold decrease in estimated mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is for these reasons that we consider that the consequence of this sensitivity completely outweighs any of the several effects claimed by Lang et al. to engender uncertainty and affect mortality estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We regard them as minor compared with the ‘safety margin’ factor of 8 x 10^-7 by which Perry et al. inflated the estimated mortality through deliberate choice of a small value of the logit slope, designed to give worst-case mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3267", "paragraph_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The value of the Perry et al. model is that it provides a transparent, structured and simple approach to exposure analysis that may be followed for other species and taxa if sufficient data become available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, in other settings, it offers the opportunity for accurate estimation of mortality – dose relationships to supplement relatively inaccurate determinations of mortality in the field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree with Lang et al. that species’ sensitivity to particular GM events that express different forms of Cry1 proteins is an important determinant of mortality; also that further data would be welcome on the mortality – dose relationships (particularly regarding the slopes) for a range of species, especially those of conservation concern."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, we disagree that we have been incautious regarding the implications of our results for conclusions regarding regulatory policy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3267__response__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We therefore reaffirm the robustness of our conclusion from our model that, after accounting for large-scale exposure effects, the ‘estimated environmental impact of MON810 pollen on non-target Lepidoptera is low’."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3267/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095774538_W2064785938_W2169300494", "triad_name": "triad_3267", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3267__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We describe the clinical progression in this unique case supplemented with video and imaging findings in the form of magnetic resonance imaging and brain single photon emission computed tomography."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Final diagnosis is via pathological analysis at autopsy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We present an elderly gentleman who manifested a clinical syndrome consisting of subacute onset of chorea that at presentation was distinctly unilateral and a frontal behavioral syndrome in the setting of mild thrombocytopenia and elevated anticardiolipin antibodies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Positive antiphospholipid antibodies resulted in an initial antemortem diagnosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome as a cause of his chorea."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Longitudinal follow-up over 5 years demonstrated a progression of clinical features with hemi-motor impersistence/chorea, disinhibition and impulsivity, and eventually corticospinal distribution weakness on the initially affected side."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "He required nursing home care and falls necessitated wheelchair use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Postmortem neuropathological study revealed a diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration-tau, PSP-PNLA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This case broadens the phenotype of PSP-PNLA and to our knowledge is the only case presenting with unilateral chorea."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pathologically, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is considered a tauopathy because of the presence of abnormally phosphory- lated tau in the neurons and glia in subcortical and cortical areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1 The substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and globus pallidus consistently contain tau pathology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "PSP-pallido-nigro-luysian atrophy (PNLA) is a rare neurodegenerative disease defined by bilateral degeneration of these same structures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although PNLA and PSP share prominent degeneration of the pallidonigroluysian region, PNLA has less widespread degeneration, few or absent neurofibrillary changes, absent or rare tufted astrocytes, and fewer/shorter argyrophilic threads compared with PSP."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, important pathological differences exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There have been cases described that fulfill the criteria for both PSP and PNLA, and these are called PSP-PNLA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pathologically the same types of lesions are observed in PSP and PSP-PNLA but with differences in the distribution and density of tau pathology, with less tau in the motor cortex, striatum, pontine nuclei, and cerebellum in PSP-PNLA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2 Clinical presentation of PSP-PNLA includes a younger onset age and longer disease duration than patients with PSP (57.1 AE 3.1 vs. 65.5 AE 1.9 years of age at onset, respectively, and disease durations of 11.5 AE 1.6 vs. 7.6 AE 0.5 years, respectively), 2 and with early handwriting and gait abnormalities, such as freez- ing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Falls, dysphagia, and vertical gaze palsy were late features of PSP-PNLA in contrast to PSP-Richardson syndrome in which these clinical findings are pathognomonic and occur early on."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although cases of PSP-PNLA are extremely rare and there is limited clinical information available, uniformly all cases are clini- cally characterized by akinesia and parkinsonism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We describe a case of PSP-PNLA confirmed pathologically with a clinical presentation of hemichorea/ballism, spasticity, progressive hemiparesis, and a frontal behavioral syndrome with relative cognitive sparing early on."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This clinical presentation in the setting of laboratory findings resulted in an antemortem diag- nosis of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (aPS)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Longitudinal clinical evaluation and laboratory, neuropsychological, and neu- roimaging investigations serve to document this rare presentation of PSP-PNLA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 79-year-old right-handed Palestinian man developed 1 year of right-hand clumsiness and involuntary movements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He noted difficulties including writing and dropping objects from his right hand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He experienced falls, tripping over his cane with the right leg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Involuntary, low-amplitude movements of his right arm and leg presented insidiously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There were word-finding difficulties, but he continued to work as an international consultant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "His previous medical history included coronary artery disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and lumbar degenerative disc disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He had no history of autoimmune conditions, can- cer, or nonatherosclerotic thrombotic events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was no exposure to antipsychotics or antiemetics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was no relevant family history."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Vital signs and general examination were normal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mini- Mental State Examination was 28/30."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He behaved inappropri- ately, talking loudly and seeming overly familiar; he touched the examiner's shoes because he \"liked them.\" He was short- tempered with his wife."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This was out of character according to the family."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Extraocular movements were full with saccadic pur- suit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was occasional blinking with horizontal saccades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "His face was symmetric, and the tongue was midline with no motor impersistence or orobuccal dyskinesia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was a positive gla- bellar tap and bilateral palmomental reflexes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Muscle bulk, tone, and power were normal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Reflexes were exaggerated in the right arm and leg (3+) and normal on the left (2+), with bilateral flexor plantar responses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There was no ataxia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Primary and sec- ondary sensory modalities were intact."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Chorea was present at rest and increased with action in the right arm and leg, sometimes with a ballistic quality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He easily stood up from a chair and had a narrow gait with chorea in his right hand and leg while walking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The chorea in his leg sometimes impaired his walking and bal- ance (Video 1, segment S1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The following year, chorea increased in amplitude but remained unilateral."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He became more irritable, impulsive, and unpredictable in his behavior, for example, tipping a musician excessively and increased interest in sexual activity with his wife discordant with her wishes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was no paranoia, hallucina- tions, or delusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cognitively, his family noted distractibility and short-term memory problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, he remained intact in his instrumental activities of daily living."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Efforts to reduce cho- rea were unsuccessful: tetrabenazine caused sedation, and risperi- done did not help."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "He scored within normal limits on the Mattis Dementia Rat- ing Scale, although a formal neuropsychological assessment rev- ealed mild to moderate impairment in areas of speeded information processing, verbal working memory, complex visuo- spatial construction, effortful encoding, and retrieval of verbal information, suggesting frontosubcortical and mild left temporal dysfunction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Frontal Behavioral Inventory score was 33 (cutoff score ≥ 30)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Initial investigations including brain magnetic resonance imag- ing revealed mild generalized atrophy and microangiopathic changes consistent with age, but with no strokes or other pathol- ogy in the subthalamic nuclei or basal ganglia to account for the hemichorea (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Blood work, including electrolytes, ESR, AST/ALT, B12, ANA, CPK, C3/C4, INR/PTT, and thyroid functions, was normal."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further investigations were pursued, including brain single photon emission computed tomography showing increased perfusion in the basal ganglia bilaterally com- pared with matched normal controls (patient vs. control average percentage increase: left, +12%; right, +18%; see Fig 1E)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Serum paraneoplastic antibody panel was negative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Huntington's disease and SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, and 17 genetic testing were negative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CBC was normal except for thrombocytopenia (platelets 120)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Lupus anticoagulant was negative; however, anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody level was 54 (repeated 3 months later = 66; normal, 0-18), with an immunoglobulin M (IgM) value of 33 (repeated 3 months later = 18; normal, 0-10)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because of these results in conjunction with his clinical presentation, he was reviewed by a rheumatologist who suggested a diagnosis of aPS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "He received a 3-day course of methylprednisolone 1000 mg intravenously daily followed by longer term immunosuppression with methotrexate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite improvement in his antibody param- eters, he continued to progress clinically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "He had motor imper- sistence of the right arm resulting in difficulty maintaining any posture in addition to choreic/ballistic movements exacerbated with action."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was truncal chorea and subtle left leg chorea with action (Video 1, segment S1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Reflexes were exaggerated bilaterally (right > left), and gait was unsteady with lunging and ballistic movements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A neurodegenerative disorder was suspected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given the asymmetry at presentation, atypical cor- ticobasal syndrome was considered, but he did not meet the clin- ical criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Apraxia was hard to assess given the chorea, but he lacked any cortical sensory loss, and his neuropsychological assessment was also not consistent with that diagnosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Symptom- atic treatment with flupenthixol depot at 10 mg intramuscularly every 3 weeks was added to both dampen movements and improve behavior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This reduced the chorea; however, he contin- ued to have progressive loss of use of his right arm with associ- ated 4+ corticospinal distribution weakness and superimposed motor impersistence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Treatment with intravenous immunoglob- ulin at a dose of 1 g/kg/day for 2 days was instituted without benefit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the next 3 years he became progressively disabled with spastic right hemiplegia and increasing chorea/ballism on his left."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He was admitted to a nursing home, had frequent falls, and became wheelchair bound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He became dysarthric to the point of incomprehensibility, and in the last months of life he had vertical gaze palsy and severe pseudobulbar dysfunction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "He died of sepsis secondary to an infected sacral ulcer, approxi- mately 5 years after symptom onset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "His brain was submitted for postmortem examination after informed consent was obtained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The brain was examined and sampled for microscopy according to a standard neurodegenerative neuropathology blocking proto- col."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks were cut into 4-μm thick sections, mounted on glass slides, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin/luxol fast blue, Gallyas, and the immunohis- tochemistry antibodies listed in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The brain weighed 1040 grams."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was mild symmetrical atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes bilaterally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mid- brain and pons were small in caliber."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was mild dark discol- oration of the putamen and nucleus of Luys bilaterally, and the substantia nigra appeared pale (Fig. 2A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Microscopic examination revealed a unique glioneuronal tauopathy with atrophy of the corticospinal tracts (left greater than right; Fig. 2F) and subthalamic nuclei and sparing of the inferior olivary and dentate nuclei."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The tau-positive inclusions strongly stained with Gallyas and were predominantly glial and cytoplasmic; the oligodendroglial inclusions were mostly coiled bodies, and the astrocytic inclusions often had a \"bushy\" mor- phology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Neurofibrillary tangles were a relatively minor component."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Examination of the deep gray structures showed numerous oligodendroglial tau-positive inclusions, less frequent bushy astrocytic tau-positive inclusions, no tufted astrocytes, some neu- ronal cytoplasmic tau-positive inclusions in the putamen (Fig. 2D), a normal anterior striatum, neuronal dropout and gliosis of the pallidum, and severe neuronal loss, vacuolation, glial inclusions, axonal spheroids (Fig. 2C, red arrows) and iron deposition in the subthalamic nuclei (Fig. 2B,C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The substantia nigra showed neuronal loss, gliosis, and coiled bodies on tau immunolabeling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The remainder of the brainstem and cerebel- lum appeared normal without tau inclusions, including the olivary and dentate nuclei."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neocortical pathology was mild and included slight cortical neuronal loss with scattered bushy tau- immunopositive astrocytic inclusions (Fig. 2E)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only rare cortical ballooned neurons were present, and no glial plaques were noted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the amygdala and hippocampus, there were neuronal pretangles and glial tau-positive inclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was no evi- dence of hippocampal sclerosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transactive response DNA bind- ing protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), α-synuclein, and β-amyloid staining were negative, and p62 highlighted the tau pathology only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was no significant cerebrovascular pathology includ- ing lacunes or thrombotic microangiopathy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This case features a man with a frontal behavioral syndrome and hemichorea in the setting of positive antiphospholipid antibodies that resulted in an initial diagnosis of aPS, although subsequent clinical evolution led to the suspicion of an atypical neurodegenerative disorder, ultimately confirmed at postmortem study to be PSP-PNLA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Chorea, particularly unilateral, without an obvious explana- tion is exceedingly rare."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "3 The working diagnosis of aPS was rea- sonable considering the clinical presentation and laboratory findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "aPS is a rare but well-established cause of chorea,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Postmortem neuropathological study revealed atrophy and tau immunopathology in the pallidum, substantia nigra, and most severely, the subthalamic nuclei, with unilateral corticospinal tract degeneration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast, the areas usually found to be affected in conventional PSP such as the inferior olives and den- tate nuclei were largely spared, and tufted astrocytes, a feature commonly found in PSP, were mostly absent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "PSP-PNLA has pathological findings with a similar distribution to our case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, of the published cases of PSP-PNLA, none presented with unilateral chorea to our knowledge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Wong et al 5 describe the case of a 70-year-old man who presented with slurred speech and went on to develop gait difficulties and left-sided chorea."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At autopsy, this patient was found to have right-predominant degeneration in the globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "TDP-43 staining was positive in the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and frontoparietal cortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Immunohistochemistry revealed p62-positive, tau-negative, thread-like profiles in glial cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "There were no tau-positive glial inclusions, and the patient was diagnosed with PNLA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Chorea is described in PNLA and can be seen in up to 20% of cases, but it is a relatively uncom- mon symptom in adult neurodegenerative diseases and when present should raise the question of PNLA or dentatorubral- pallidoluysian atrophy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0031__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "6"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the presence of nigral pathology, our case had no parkinso- nian features as described in PSP and PNLA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Supranuclear gaze and pseudobulbar palsies, clues to the PSP phenotype, only appeared near the end when neurological functions were severely impaired."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The prominent degeneration and tauopathy affecting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) likely accounted for the chorea/ballism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The relative sparing of the dentate and olives, the dominant \"bushy\" morphology to the astrocytic inclusions, and corticospinal tract degeneration are atypical of PSP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "7 This correlated poorly with the clinical phenotype marked by hemichorea, hemiparesis, and lack of parkinsonism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Some of the observed pathologic findings are reminiscent of those described in globular glial tauopathies (GGT), 8 including the involvement of the corticospinal tract."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "8,9 However, the present case contained more abundant coiled bodies then usually encountered in GGT, and some astrocytic inclusions stained positively with Gallyas."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The laboratory findings of aPS were a red herring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Anti-immu- noglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5) antibodies were not described at the time of this case and so are unavailable, but the neuropathology is not consistent with this condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "10 Other diagnoses that have a similar tau burden and distribution to our case include some cases of frontotemporal dementia- parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 associated with MAPT gene mutations (FTDP-17T)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) mutation screening was negative in our patient, although he had the MAPT H1/H1 genotype, a common genetic risk factor for PSP and corticobasal degeneration."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "11 This case broadens the phenotype of PSP-PNLA and is the only case to our knowledge presenting with unilateral chorea."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) Manuscript Preparation: A. Writing of the First Draft, B. Review and Critique."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This work was embedded within the Sunnybrook Dementia Study (SDS) (ClinicalTrials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "gov: NCT01800214) - a prospective observational study of patients with neurodegenerative dementia and movement disor- ders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is approved by the local Research Ethics Board at Sun- nybrook Health Sciences Centre and written informed consent was obtained from the participant and their surrogate caregivers according to the Declaration of Helsinki."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A separate written con- sent was also obtained from the patient for the purposes of case report preparation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All authors have read and complied with the Journal's Ethical Publication Guidelines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical pub- lication and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No specific funding was received for this work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest relevant to this work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Financial Disclosures for the Previous 12 Months: The authors declare that there are no additional disclosures to report."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "■"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5136__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I read with interest Galit Kleiner and colleagues’ report of a 79-year-old man suffering from progressive hemichorea, spasticity, and a frontal behavioral syndrome, with thrombocytopenia and positive antiphospholipid antibodies [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rationally, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (aPS) was the antemortem diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, brain autopsy revealed a pattern of tau aggregation diagnostic of the pallidonigroluysian atrophy (PNLA) variant of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors concluded that aPS must have been a red herring."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is neuropathology always the final diagnosis? If so, was chorea also a red herring? Will any entity ever cease to expand if held to a pathology gold standard? Will the differential between hyper- and hypokinetic movement disorders remain negotiable pending a pathology report?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a clinician, I struggle with these questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We recently evaluated a 60-year-old woman with a 7-year history of a progressive ataxic-dystonia syndrome, an unusual jerky head tremor, and supranuclear vertical gaze palsy we suspected to be Niemann-Pick C [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no mutations in NPC1 or NPC2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To our surprise, the neuropathological evaluation revealed tau deposition in a pattern diagnostic of PSP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As we considered reporting this case as an “expansion of PSP phenotype,” genetic studies demonstrated a pathogenic mutation in TGM6, which codes for transglutaminase 6 (TG6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "TG6 has a role in polyaminating proteins and fostering isopeptide bonds between them, supporting microtubular stability [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "With low TG6, tau crosslinking is affected and axon microtubules become compromised."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0039__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Plausibly, this enzymatic deficiency affecting the structure of tau could have caused this patient’s disease; the 4-repeat tau deposition was its consequence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar dilemma is at play in Kleiner et al. ’s case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As anticardiolipin antibodies can be elevated among healthy elderly and microangiopathy was absent on autopsy, aCL may have been a red herring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, aCL was associated with thrombocytopenia, raising the odds for an underlying autoimmune disorder [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Advances in immunology have revealed disorders never before considered antibody-mediated, such as “atypical PSP” due to anti-immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 5 (IgLON5) disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Anti-IgLON5 antibodies disrupt the neuronal cytoskeleton and induce neurodegeneration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The authors argue that IgLON5 antibodies were unlikely because of insufficiently supportive pathology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Even then, would it not be reasonable to speculate that an autoantibody could have caused (or contributed to) the tau deposition in a man with aPS and thrombocytopenia?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Toward supporting the notion that pathology is a secondary expression of many diseases, Kleiner et al. ’s case exhibited nigral pathology without parkinsonism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors helpfully referenced a previously reported case (Wong et al. [ 5]) reminiscent of theirs: progressive hemichorea and gait difficulties with autopsy-diagnosed PNLA, although with TDP-43 instead of tau pathology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hemichorea, then, could be thought of as a non-specific manifestation of a PNLA pattern of degeneration, regardless of the associated proteinopathy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The value of clinicopathologic correlations notwithstanding, the weight of human observations suggests that protein aggregation is not the epicenter of neurotoxicity but a reactive phenomenon to a broad range of cellular pathobiologies [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If we continue to enshrine pathology as the final diagnosis, would not we continue to find paradoxes, red herrings, and “expansions of the phenotype”?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5136__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with interest Dr. Espay’s viewpoint regarding the place of pathology in defining disease [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He describes a fascinating case challenging how we ultimately classify disease—a patient with a progressive dystonia-ataxia syndrome and a supranuclear gaze palsy who fulfilled pathological diagnostic criteria for PSP, but was shown to harbor a variant in the TGM6 gene that they postulate ultimately led to the tau pathology [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Medicine, and the way in which we come to a medical diagnosis, is ever evolving."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As a neurologist one typically starts by localizing the clinical problem, and then considers pathologies known to affect this area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The available paraclinical tests, antibodies and genetic analyses are ever growing."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Which of these gets the ultimate say on the diagnosis is subject to revision as knowledge expands."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5136__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our case demonstrated clear clinical-pathological correlation over a decade of follow-up [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The right sided chorea correlated with pathological findings in the STN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Wallerian degeneration and atrophy of the left > right corticospinal tract correlated with the eventual development of right hemiplegia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both clinical presentation and pathology are relevant to nosology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Dr Espay asks: could an autoantibody have caused or contributed to the visualized tau deposition in a man with aPL antibodies and thrombocytopenia?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Indeed, given the chorea and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies without an obvious alternate cause, we elected to treat empirically with pulsed IV steroids, IVIG and methotrexate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The aPL antibodies and thrombocytopenia normalized but there was ongoing neurological progression, making a causal relationship unlikely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0044__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Furthermore, at autopsy there was no microangiopathy that might have been expected had there been a causal relationship and we know that aPL antibodies are common in the general population [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5136__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anti-IgLON5 related tauopathy is a fascinating disorder that makes us think about correlations between neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and genetics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This condition has another expanding clinical phenotype, and emerging pathological correlates and genetic associations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As testing for this antibody was not available when treating our patient, we cannot refute that this as-yet-unknown antibody potentially existed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are different pathological distributions of tau between PSP-PNLA and anti-IgLON5 cases [5], both the pathology and its distribution are worthy of consideration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, sequencing of the MAPT gene did not reveal any pathological mutations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, he was found to have the MAPT H1/H1 genotype, a known and common genetic risk factor for PSP pathology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5136__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5136", "paragraph_id": "triad_5136__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reporting novel clinical presentations with pathological findings on autopsy remains worthwhile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consider how we classify dementias, one could group dementias based on site of lesion, histopathology, clinical features, or etiology—reliance on one alone would cause error but an integrated nosology brings both clinical and experimental benefits [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As our understanding of disease pathways evolves, so our nosology will have to also."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5136__response__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We thank Dr Espay for his thoughtful comments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5136/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221080764_W4295565827_W4296260825", "triad_name": "triad_5136", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5136__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Information processing is optimized by predicting not only the location or identity of upcom- ing events but also their timing and allocating resources accordingly [1-6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Understanding the mechanisms of temporal prediction is thus central for models of cognitive and neural process- ing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One ubiquitous source for temporal predictions is regularity in the stimulus stream, mainly when events appear rhythmically, as in speech, music, or biological motion [3,4,6-9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It has been suggested that in such cases, a costly \"vigilance mode\" is replaced by a metabolically efficient \"rhythmic mode\" by entraining low-frequency neural oscillations to the external rhythm [10,11]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this study, we tease apart the neural manifestations of oscillatory entrain- ment from rhythm-independent mechanisms of temporal predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is done by com- paring temporal prediction based on rhythms to predictions based on memory, a critical comparison that was so far missing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neural excitability fluctuates in low frequencies from sub-delta to alpha [12,13], with appar- ent optimal phases for performance in these frequencies, as indicated by findings of an associa- tion between phase and performance [3,7,14,15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to entrainment models, such endogenous oscillations can be entrained (i.e., undergo period correction and phase align- ment) to an external rhythmic stream such that optimal phases align with on-beat times of rhythmic stimuli."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consistent with this idea, behavioral performance is facilitated for rhythm on-beat compared to off-beat times [9,16-20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, electrophysiological recordings found that forming temporal predictions based on rhythmic streams is associated with phase concentration (PC) of delta-band activity in task-relevant sensory regions [6,21,22], such that the optimal phase for performance is observed at the time of rhythmic stimuli [7] (for a review see [23])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This pattern is consistent with entrainment and is often treated as a direct indicator for this mechanism (e.g., [3,4,7,21,22,24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Arguably, entrainment should be most applicable and efficient when the sequence is periodic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conversely, entrainment should become less applicable and less efficient as the stimulus stream becomes less periodic (i.e., the stream inter- vals are more jittered), because stable alignment of endogenous oscillations with the stream is not possible."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, temporal predictions can also be formed without periodicity, or any continuous stimulus stream, when the interval between an expected event and a preceding event is known based on previous experience [1,25,26] (for a review see [27])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such predictions presumably operate through dedicated interval-timing circuits [28,29], forming temporal memory traces to which new intervals are compared [30,31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This mechanism can operate regardless of the periodicity of the stimulus stream as long as there is knowledge regarding the temporal contin- gency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This raises the question whether temporal predictions in rhythmic scenarios are medi- ated by oscillatory entrainment, by \"memory-based\" mechanisms based on the repeated exposure to the interval [32], or by both."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recent findings in a speeded discrimination task sug- gest that while any type of temporal prediction improves perceptual accuracy, only rhythms facilitate response speed, seemingly in line with the latter alternative [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, other studies found that response speed can also be facilitated by memory-based predictions [25,26,34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To date, no study has directly compared the neural expressions of these two prediction modes, namely, memory-based and rhythm\\entrainment-based."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Electrophysiological studies have associated rhythm-based predictions with phase adjustments of delta-band activity [3,6,7,21,22] and of the envelope of alpha activity (amplitude reduction prior to on-beat times [34,35])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, as these were not tested in memory-based predictions, it is impossible to determine that they are unique to rhythm entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rhythm-based predictions are also associated with the contingent negative variation (CNV) potential peaking at on-beat times and resolve immediately after [9,34] and with earlier latency of the P3 potential [8,36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "How- ever, separate studies found CNV and P3 effects for memory-based predictions as well [26,37,38], and in the absence of direct comparison, it is impossible to determine the unique contribution of rhythmicity to these effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the current study, we identify the unique mechanisms of rhythm-based processing by directly comparing the behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG) expressions of temporal predictions in a perfect periodic condition and in two less periodic conditions, one that enabled formation of memory-based temporal predictions and one that provided no temporal information for prediction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We show that the patterns of delta-band PC, and also of alpha- band envelope and target-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs), are identical in the rhyth- mic- and memory-based conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also show that the delta PC pattern is inconsistent with a computational model of oscillatory entrainment, which predicts weaker entrainment for the less periodic stimulation of the memory-based condition."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, we also find evi- dence for rhythm-unique neural patterns: violation of predictions results in immediate obliga- tory resource withdrawal and larger behavioral costs when rhythm-based, while memory- based predictions are more flexible, in line with the concept of resonance that is predicted by oscillatory entrainment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test the unique signatures of rhythm-based predictions, participants (n = 21) responded to targets that followed a sequence of visual stimuli and a warning signal (WS, Fig 1A) in three different conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Rhythmic condition, the sequence was perfectly periodic (i.e., the sequence stimuli appeared with identical stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA]), and the target fol- lowing the WS had high probability to appear on-beat, making its timing predictable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the Repeated-Interval condition, every odd interval was identical to the SOA of the Rhythmic con- dition, whereas even intervals were jittered around a different interval duration and were never identical to the rhythm interval or an integer multiple of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To equate the information Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 3 / 30 PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 4 / 30 provided by the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions, the number of repeated fixed SOA intervals in the Repeated-Interval was equal to the number of overall intervals in the Rhythmic condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The target had high probability to follow the WS at the interval of the fixed SOA, making its timing predictable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the Random condition, the sequence SOAs were jittered around the SOA of the Rhythmic condition, and the target SOA (interval between the WS onset and the target onset) was drawn from a wider distribution that was not centered on the rhythm SOA orthogonally to the sequence mean SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the sequence provided no information regarding the timing of the upcoming target."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Random and Repeated-Interval conditions were, therefore, much less periodic than the Rhythmic condition, as is indicated by (1) SOA variance: zero in the Rhythmic conditions, larger in the other conditions (Fig 1A); (2) frequency domain representation: strong amplitudes in the delta frequency in the Rhythmic condition (its base frequency and harmonics), lower amplitude in the other conditions (Fig 1B); and (3) autocorrelation function: high autocorrelation in the Rhythmic condition at equal lags, minimal autocorrelation in the other conditions (Fig 1C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We surmised that because of this variability, low-frequency oscillations would be less efficiently entrained to the stimulus stream in the Random and Repeated-Interval conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, unlike the Random condi- tion, the Repeated-Interval condition enables accurate temporal prediction because of the repeated presentation of the WS-Target SOA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, any effects that are not different between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions reflect temporal predictability, which is not driven by periodicity in the stream."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our design allowed us to separately test two indicators of forming temporal predictions, namely, benefit and cost, using planned contrasts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, we could examine whether having a context affording temporal predictions leads to a benefit relative to an unpredictable context and whether the benefit is different between rhythm- and memory-based predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this purpose, we compared response times (RTs) of valid trials, in which the temporal predic- tion was fulfilled (i.e., targets appeared at the expected time), between the three experimental conditions (for analysis purposes, \"valid\" trials were defined in the Random condition as those in which cue and target SOAs were drawn from the same distributions; see Materials and methods for more details)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, we could examine whether violating a temporal pre- diction leads to a cost relative to an unpredictable context and whether the cost is different between rhythm- and memory-based predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For this purpose, we compared RTs of invalid trials, in which targets appeared at an unexpected time, between the three experimen- tal conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "RTs to targets were first analyzed using an omnibus three-way ANOVA with factors condi- tion X target SOA X validity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "RTs were overall shorter to valid compared to invalid trials (F (1,20) = 76.37, p = 2.9 × 10 −8 , ω 2 p = 0.64, Fig 1D), but the validity effect differed across condi- tions (interaction F (2,40) = 18.69, p = 1.9 × 10 −6 , ω 2 p = 0.22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For valid trials, RTs were faster rel- ative to the Random condition both in the Rhythmic (t (20) = 5.88, p = 9 × 10 −6 , Cohen's d = 1.28) and the Repeated-Interval (t (20) = 5.8, p = 1 × 10 −6 , d = 1.27) conditions with no differ- ence between the two (t (20) = 0.12, uncorrected p = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference −6.23 to 6.99 ms)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, while both rhythm-based and memory-based predictions lead to a benefit relative to no prediction, there is no advantage to one of them over the other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unlike for valid trials, responses to invalid trials were slower in the Rhythmic relative to the Repeated-Interval condition, (t (20) = 3.14, p = 0.005, d = 0.69)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Responses were also slower in weakest in the Repeated-Interval condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "( C) Autocorrelation functions of the stimulus sequence in the three experimental conditions, calculated on the same modeled stimulus sequences that were used to create the spectral representations in B. The Rhythmic condition has high autocorrelation in fixed lags because of the perfect periodicity; the other conditions have relatively low autocorrelation at varying lags."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( D) Mean reaction times in each combination of SOA and cue validity in the three experimental conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Error bars represent standard errors of the validity effect within each SOA and condition. * p < 0.05."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 5 / 30 the Rhythmic relative to the Random condition (t (20) = 1.88, p = 0.037, one-tailed, d = 0.41), while the Repeated-Interval condition did not differ from the Random condition (t (20) = 1.16, p = 0.26)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, unlike their similar benefits, the cost of violation of rhythm-based prediction was larger than that of memory-based predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Finally, there was a main effect of condition (F (2,40) = 13.01, p = 4.4 × 10 −5 , ω 2 p = 0.28) and a condition X SOA interaction (F (2,40) = 6.5, p = 0.0036, ω 2 p = 0.08)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0011__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This was because of faster responses to long than short SOA targets (foreperiod effect, [27]) only in the Random condition (F (1,20) = 8.04, p = 0.01, ω 2 p = 0.14)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The data of two participants were rejected from all EEG analyses because of excessive artifacts, leaving 19 datasets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Analysis of ERPs during the presentation of the sequence was focused on the CNV, a negative deflection that builds up over fronto-central sites in the interval between a WS and an impending event and resolves (towards baseline) when the latter has occurred [39,40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We first examined the predictive conditions to test whether a CNV is observed during the presentation of the stream prior to the WS, only after WS, or in both time ranges."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If the CNV reflects oscillatory entrainment, it could be expected to be elicited repeatedly in the Rhythmic condition during the entire stream."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observed a typi- cal CNV after the WS in both the Rhythmic and Repeated-interval conditions (Fig 2A, top and middle rows, respectively) but no repeating CNV or any oscillatory pattern prior to the WS in the Rhythmic condition or the Repeated-Interval condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, no CNV was observed when locking to the final pair prior to the WS in the Repeated-Interval condition (Fig 2A, bottom row), confirming that the lack of CNV was not due to averaging across the temporally jittered stimuli."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We repeated this analysis in an occipital electrode cluster to test for similar modulations or oscillatory pattern at the sensory level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Notably, no oscillatory pattern or any repeating deflection was observed in occipital electrodes during any of the conditions (Fig 2B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instead, there were typical stimulus-evoked visual responses and a positive deflection following the WS that changed trajectory to a buildup of negativity till the time of the target."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Importantly, locking to the final pair prior to the WS in the Repeated-Interval condition revealed no trace of a slow oscillation elicited by the S1 or S2 stimuli of the sequence (Fig 2B, bottom row)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the CNV was not driven automatically by the rhythm when subjects were exposed to the stream and used it to form a temporal prediction but was only elicited when preparing for the target."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We compared two parameters of the CNV between the two sources of prediction: the rate of CNV buildup and its resolution after omission of a temporally expected event (Fig 2C)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the CNV characteristically builds up faster as the expected interval is shorter [9,34,38]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We tested whether rhythm-based temporal prediction is associated with a distinct modulation pattern of the CNV buildup compared to the modulation that is associated with memory- based temporal prediction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To quantify this effect, we averaged the CNV amplitude in a time window preceding the short SOA target."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We expected to find more negative waveforms in this window when the target was expected in the short compared to long SOA both in the Rhyth- mic and Repeated-Interval conditions and compared this effect between conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found more negative amplitude of the CNV buildup when expecting the target at short compared to long SOAs in the Rhythmic (t (18) = 2.81, p = 0.012, d = 0.64) condition as well as in the Repeated-Interval (t (18) = 2.81, p = 0.012, d = 0.64) condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Importantly, there was no differ- ence between the effects of the expected SOA in the two conditions (interaction between the effects of SOA and condition: F (1,18) = 0.18, p = 0.68, 95% CI for the difference −1.46 to 2.19 μV, Fig 2D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For illustration, we also present the Random condition, in which there was no temporal prediction, and, indeed, the SOA had no significant effect (t (18) = 0.36, p = 0.72)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, the modulation of CNV buildup was affected by temporal predictions but did not show a rhythm-specific pattern."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another characteristic of the CNV is that it resolves when an expected interval elapses even when the impending event is delayed [9,37,40]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our data, this occurred in the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions when a target was expected at the short SOA but omitted (i.e., it unexpectedly appeared in the long SOA; Fig 3A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We examined whether the CNV resolution is different, in magnitude or latency, when the temporal prediction is based on rhythm com- pared to when it is based on memory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To quantify the CNV resolution, we fitted the CNV waveform (averaged across subjects) in the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions with a continuous model that included the latencies of buildup initiation, slope, and termination, and resolution initiation and slope as free parameters (Fig 3B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This approach is superior to quanti- fying the CNV resolution in a predefined interval [9] or using fixed length bins [37], which could miss the actual latencies of different CNV stages and distort the estimated slope if the trajectory is not linear during the entire interval."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comparison of the estimated parameters between the two predictive conditions revealed that the time of initiation (T 0 ), slope (S 1 ), and termination (T 1 ) of the CNV buildup and the slope of its resolution (S 2 ) were not different between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 8 / 30 conditions (t (18) = 0.34, 0.37, 0.03, 1.62, respectively, all p > 0.05)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the start point of the CNV's return to baseline (T 2 ) occurred later in the Repeated-Interval (1,152 ms) than in the Rhythmic condition (767 ms, t (18) = 3.73, p = 0.0015, d = 0.86, Fig 3E and 3F)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further- more, there was a significant gap between T 1 and T 2 in the Repeated-Interval condition (t (18) = 2.17, p = 0.043, d = 0.5) but not in the Rhythmic condition (t (18) = 0.09, p = 0.93)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To justify the use of this five-parameter model, we took a model-selection approach (using the Bayesian Information Criterion, BIC) to examine whether this model is preferred to an alter- native, less elaborate model in which the CNV resolution was immediate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That is, this four- parameter model did not include a free parameter for a delay between the termination of the CNV buildup and the initiation of its resolution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For each condition, the model with the lower BIC value was considered the preferred model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the Repeated-Interval condition, the five- parameter \"resolution after delay\" model turned out to be superior over an alternative four- parameter \"immediate resolution\" model (Fig 3D) with no delay (ΔBIC = 76)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, in the Rhythmic condition, the four-parameter model was superior (ΔBIC = 7.3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This indicates that the five-parameter model is indeed necessary, as it is preferred for the Repeated-Interval con- dition but also provides converging evidence to the difference between conditions, as it was not preferred for the Rhythmic condition."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, in rhythmic streams, target omission trig- gered an immediate resolution of the CNV, while in memory-based temporal predictions, the initiation of the CNV resolution was delayed, presumably anticipating the upcoming event at the long SOA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies found that the amplitude of alpha-band oscilla- tions (8-13 Hz) is reduced just prior to, or at the time of, an event that is temporally expected based on rhythms [9,34,35]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We tested whether this modulation of alpha-band amplitude is unique to rhythms or whether it is expressed to the same extent when the prediction is based on a memorized interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To dissociate the effect of expectation from response to the target we analyzed the alpha-band amplitude in the time window of the short SOA (700-900 ms after the WS) exclusively in trials in which the target appeared at the long SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this window, we expected to find in the Rhythmic condition lower alpha amplitude when expecting the target at the short compared to long SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If this phenomenon is unique to rhythm-based predic- tions, the Repeated-Interval condition should have smaller, or even no modulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our data, there were narrow-band amplitude modulations in the alpha range (Fig 4A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The most pronounced amplitude modulation was a sharp decrease of amplitude of the alpha band following the WS, which then recovered, a typical response to visual stimuli (Fig 4B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the Rhythmic condition, when expecting a target at a short SOA, the recovery was blunted, resulting in lower amplitude in the short SOA window compared to when expecting a target at the long SOA (t (18) = 1.80, p = 0.044, d = 0.41)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This modulation was not explained by differ- ences in the average stream SOA, as it was not observed in the nonpredictable Random condi- tion, in which there was even a trend for higher alpha amplitude when expecting a target at the short SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, similar amplitude modulation of alpha-band activity was observed in the Repeated-Interval (t (18) = 1.82, p = 0.043, d = 0.42) condition, and an ANOVA conducted across the predictive conditions revealed no interaction between SOA and condition (F (1,18) = 0.14, p = 0.71) but only a main effect of SOA (F (1,18) = 5.23, p = 0.036)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There was also no main effect of condition (F (1,18) = 0.01, p = 0.92)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, the reduction of alpha-band amplitude at the time of an expected event did not depend on whether the prediction was rhythm or memory based."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies reported increased PC in the delta band at the time of rhythm stimuli, such that the optimal phase for performance aligns with rhythmic stimuli times [3,6,7,21,22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This effect was interpreted as reflecting entrainment of intrinsic oscillations to the rhythm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Under this premise, PC should be stronger in the Rhythmic relative to the Random and Repeated-Interval conditions, since, in the latter two, the stream is less periodic and hence 9 / 30 less able to entrain oscillatory activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To test this, we extracted the phase of delta-band activity (0.5-3 Hz) from occipital electrodes at target time in the three experimental conditions and, as additional control, at the time of the WS in the Rhythmic condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The Random condition target was used as a control in which there was preparation for a target but no specific temporal prediction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The WS in the Rhythmic condition was used as a control in which a task-relevant event (the WS) is temporally predictable, but there is no preparation to respond to it."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We first examined whether there is an optimal delta phase for performance, that is, a corre- lation between delta phase at target time and RTs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such correlation is essential for entrainment accounts because if performance is not associated with the phase of oscillations, there is no benefit from aligning the oscillation phase with expected times."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Plotting RTs as a function of delta phase across subjects revealed a circular-linear association in all conditions (sinusoidal instead of straight line, Fig 5A, compare with the much weaker correlation between RT and Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 11 / 30 delta phase at the time of the WS in the Rhythmic condition, S1 Fig and S1 Text)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Finding the phase-RT correlation in the Random condition is essential, as it indicates that this correlation is not merely driven by phase correction in the predictive conditions (Fig 5A, right panel)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test this correlation across all subjects while allowing a different optimal angle for each subject, we used a linear mixed-effects model that predicted single trial RTs from delta phase (repre- sented as its sine and cosine) and target SOA in the Random condition (see S1 Text)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This analysis revealed a significant fixed effect for delta phase (w 2 ð2Þ ¼ 7:82, p = 0.02) but also a sig- nificant effect for the random slopes of delta phase (w 2 ð5Þ ¼ 15:16, p = 0.01), suggesting that delta phase was associated to RT with a different optimal phase for each subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Optimal phase did not differ between short and long SOAs (w 2 ð1Þ ¼ 0:06, p = 0.81)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, the phase of delta activity at target time was associated with RT, in accordance with the idea that this activ- ity reflects fluctuations in efficiency of neural processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This also indicated that performance is optimal in selected portions of the delta cycle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Next, we tested whether rhythm-based predictions lead to increased PC at the time of the tar- get relative to memory-based predictions or with no temporal information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If delta PC reflects entrainment of low-frequency oscillations, the inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) should be stronger in the Rhythmic condition compared to the other conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this purpose, we cal- culated the ITPC at target time (Fig 5B), and compared it between conditions using an omnibus permutation-based ANOVA that does not require the parametric assumptions of conventional ANOVA (see S1 Text)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This analysis revealed a main effect of condition (p < 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Planned contrasts revealed that the ITPC was increased in the Rhythmic condition compared to the Ran- dom condition (p < 0.01) and compared to the WS in the Rhythmic condition (p < 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "How- ever, the ITPC was also increased in the Repeated-Interval condition compared to the Random condition (p < 0.01) and compared to the WS in the Rhythmic condition (p < 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Crucially, the ITPC did not differ between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions (p > 0.5, CI for the ITPC difference: −0.061 to 0.035)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The ANOVA also revealed stronger ITPC for targets appearing at long compared to short SOA (p < 0.01) and a significant interaction between tar- get SOA and condition (p < 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Permutation-based t tests revealed that for short target SOA, there was a nonsignificant trend for the ITPC to be stronger for the Rhythmic compared to the Repeated-Interval condition (p = 0.1), while for long target SOA, the ITPC was in fact weaker for the Rhythmic compared to the Repeated-Interval condition (p < 0.01)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0033__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Thus, enhancement of delta PC was not unique to rhythm-based temporal predictions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we examined whether the delta-band PC is around the optimal phase for perfor- mance."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It could be the case that memory-based predictions lead to increase in delta PC, but not towards the optimal angle, which would suggest that this PC reflects a different process than the one that takes place when predictions are based on rhythms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, we estimated the optimal phase for performance of each subject by averaging the phases of the fastest 33% of the trials in the Random condition (Fig 5C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Next, we calculated for each subject in each condition the average phase at target time (Fig 5D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If the phase at target time was shifted to the optimal angle, the difference between each subject's optimal phase and phase at target time should have an expected value of zero."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig 5E presents these differences for all subjects in each condi- tion, demonstrating a distribution around zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To quantify this, we used a circular statistical test, termed V test, which tests whether phases are unimodally distributed around an a priori specified angle (in contrast to uniformly distributed)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When using zero as the a priori angle, this test was significant in both short and long SOAs in the Rhythmic (short V = 14.04, long V = 15.54, all p < 0.01) and similarly in the Repeated-Interval (short V = 11.84, long V = 15.03, all p < 0.01) conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, the distribution of the circular distances between the phase angle at target time and the optimal phase for each subject was significantly concentrated 12 / 30 around zero, indicating alignment with the optimal phase in both predictive conditions (Fig 5C)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In summary, the delta PC and alignment with the optimal phase observed in the Rhythmic condition were observed at least to a similar extent in the Repeated-Interval condi- tion, implying that these effects were not unique to rhythms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The P3 is a parietal-maximum ERP following target detection [41,42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Its latency is shortened when target timing is expected compared to unexpected [26,34]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We examined whether this modulation differs between rhythm- and memory- based temporal pre- dictions, separately for short and long SOA targets (due to pretarget CNV-related effects, Fig 6A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We used a jackknifing method (see S1 Text) to extract the latency in which the P3 reached 50% of its full amplitude and submitted them to a two-way ANOVA with factors Condition and Validity within each SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As rhythm-based predictions lead to stronger behavioral valid- ity effect, it could have been expected that they will be reflected in a larger validity effect on the P3 latency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, the P3 latency was shorter for valid compared to invalid targets both for short SOA targets (F (1,18) = 24.57, p = 0.0001, Rhythmic: t (18) = 2.35, p = 0.03, Repeated-Inter- val: t (18) = 2.85, p = 0.01) and for long SOA targets (F (1,18) = 13.38, p = 0.0017, Rhythmic: t (18) = 2.57, p = 0.019, Repeated-Interval t (18) = 2.97, p = 0.008, Fig 6B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Crucially, the validity effect did not differ between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions (Validity X Condition interaction F (1,18) = 0.93, p = 0.35 and F (1,18) = 1.37, p = 0.26 for short and long SOA targets, Fig 6C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was also no main effect of condition in either target SOAs (both F's < 1, both p > 0.3)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the modulation of the P3 latency by temporal predictions did not differ between rhythm-based and memory-based predictions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To examine whether the observed EEG results are consistent with an oscillatory entrainment mechanism, we used a computational oscillatory entrainment model [43,44] to estimate the ITPC magnitude and mean angles that entrained neural oscillators are expected to show in the three experimental conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following Large and colleagues [43,44], we used a model con- sisting of an array of neural oscillators with different characteristic frequencies in the delta range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Each neural oscillator was modeled using a dynamical system characterized by two state variables, phase angle (ϕ) and amplitude (r), and was coupled to an external stream (s) that was modeled as a sequence of transients at the times of stimuli onsets:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the absence of external stimulation (i.e., s(t) = 0), this system produces periodic dynam- ics, with the angle revolving steadily with time as a function of the F, the natural frequency of the oscillator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When a stimulus is presented (s(t) = 1), an additional term corrects the angle towards zero, which is assumed to be the angle of the external stream."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The strength of correc- tion is determined by a coupling parameter c, which was adjusted such that the modeled ITPC levels in the Rhythmic condition would be similar to those observed in the actual data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given a set of initial conditions, this system can be numerically integrated to examine its convergence to a limit cycle, its phase consistency at times of stimulus onsets, and the angle at stimulus times to which it converges."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that (a) the focus was on the phase of the oscillator and not its amplitude; therefore, the system was simplified relative to a canonical coupled oscillator model (e.g., the one sug- gested by [43]) by fixing the amplitude; (b) to quantify the extent to which oscillators at differ- ent frequencies can be entrained to the stimulation streams, we used an array of oscillators with fixed periods instead of a single oscillator that can change its frequency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, the system was simplified relative to a canonical coupled oscillator model by removing the period correction term; (c) the model was implemented such that instead of receiving only the period and phase of the external stream as input (which would have only allowed rhythmic external streams, [44]), our model received a time series of stimulus energy (0 = no stimulus, 1 = full stimulus energy), such that stimulus bursts can have any desired SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To estimate the ITPC values and phase angles expected in the experimental conditions, we numerically integrated this dynamical system using the Runge-Kutta method (fourth order)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The frequency range of interest were 0.2 to 5 Hz (logarithmic scale), corresponding to interval lengths of 5,000 to 200 ms in 50 ms steps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The coupling parameter c was adjusted such that ITPC values in the Rhythmic condition at the stimulation frequency would be similar to those observed in the empirical data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For each participant and each experimental condition, we applied the following steps:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Generate the time series that represents a single trial in the current condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The stimula- tion stream in this trial was represented as a train of impulses at the times of stimulus onsets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, we created a time series vector with a 1,000 Hz resolution (i.e., one value for every millisecond)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This time series contained one at the time of stimulus onset in the actual trial and zero otherwise."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Determine the initial phase angle for the current trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Phase angles were sampled without replacement from a uniform circular distribution of equally-spaced angles, the number of which was identical to the number of trials in the specific experimental condition (48 for the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions, 24 for the Random condition)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The initial phase angle was identical to all oscillators stimulated by this trial, which guaranteed match- ing phase dispersion between frequencies and conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Numerically integrate the system given the trial time series and initial phase angle (from stages 1 and 2, respectively), separately for each oscillator in the oscillator array, and register the angle at the time of the last stimulus in the stream (the target) for that oscillator."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. Repeat steps 1-3 for each trial, in each experimental condition, to obtain a series of angles for each natural frequency (48 trials in the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval, 24 in the Random)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Calculate the ITPC and the mean angle across trials, identically to how it was calculated for the EEG angle data, separately for each natural frequency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Files of raw behavioral and EEG data, model simulation data, and cover information are deposited at the Dryad data repository (http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5vb8h) [84]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current study compared predictions formed in a rhythmic context to predictions formed by interval memorization in streams that are less rhythmic, in order to dissociate these two prediction modes and put the putative manifestations of oscillatory entrainment to a critical test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found that PC and alignment of delta-band EEG activity did not differ between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, these measures are not good indicators of entrainment mechanisms and could reflect memory-based predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This was also the case for behavioral facilitation for expected targets, modulations of alpha amplitude and post-target P3 latency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we also found that rhythm-based predictions resulted in slower responses to unexpected targets than memory-based predictions and in immediate resolution of the CNV when a temporal prediction was unexpectedly violated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These possibly reflect a res- onance mechanism compatible with entrainment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our findings thus suggest that temporal predictions in rhythmic contexts is a combination of memory-based and entrainment-like mechanisms, affecting different manifestations of performance and electrophysiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0049__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Cru- cially, they imply that resonance after stream termination, and not PC during the stream, is the indicator of rhythm entrainment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Delta-band activity at rhythmic stimuli times demonstrates enhanced PC around the opti- mal angle for performance relative, e.g., to aperiodic nonpredictive streams [3,6,7,21,22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This phenomenon, also replicated in our data, is commonly interpreted as reflecting entrainment of intrinsic low-frequency neural oscillators to the external rhythm [10If similar delta PC is observed in streams that clearly promote oscillatory entrainment and streams that are more detrimental to entrainment, what could be the source of PC?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One plausi- ble alternative is the temporal predictability of the streams, which is inherent to rhythms [33,34] and was matched in our study between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Neurophysiologically, temporal predictability is known to drive buildup of neuronal activity to peak at the expected time point and then resolve [30,31,38], a phenomenon that is often referred to as climbing neuronal activity (CNA) [45,46]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This pattern produces a waveform with a wavelength matching the expected interval, which, as the rhythm interval is in the delta range, seems like an apparent delta cycle (see also [21], for acknowledging this possibility)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since accurate temporal prediction means that the peak repeatedly coincides with the stimulus, apparent PC is observed around stimulus time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, PC is observed around the opti- mal phase because the CNA peak coincides with the time in which temporally driven prepara- tion is maximal, making it seem as an optimal phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It was recently argued that a CNA cannot account for entrainment effects, as PC did not increase in conditions in which the CNV ampli- tude was expected to increase [47]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, phase consistency could in fact be independent of amplitude."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Regardless, the present findings directly show that rhythmicity is not needed for apparent delta PC and that it could be well explained by CNA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0051__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Our study relies on scalp EEG but even with finer spatial resolution methods (e.g., electrocorticography), the critical compari- son we present here is needed to disentangle entrainment from repeating climbing activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The source of the CNA recorded in occipital channels is yet to be determined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Several lines of evidence point to a key role of the motor system in timing and in the generation of CNA, intracranially [48-50] or on the scalp as the CNV [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Possibly, the observed occipital CNA reflects volume-conducted CNV originating in premotor regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Notably, this caveat applies to all EEG studies of visual and especially auditory rhythms, as auditory responses and the CNV are measured in the same sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the motor system has also been associated with predictions even when these are nonmotor [51] and was suggested to be involved in purely sensory temporal predictions [52-54]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, another possibility is that the occipital CNA may result from top-down signals from the motor system that prepare the relevant sensory cortex at the right time [55,56]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A final possibility is that the occipital CNA originates from nonmotor duration representations, for example in parietal regions [57], or even localized timing mecha- nisms in the sensory cortex itself [58]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further support for PC not being due to continuous rhythm entrainment comes from the finding that PC was low at the time of the WS, despite the WS being embedded in a rhythmic stream, anticipated, and task-relevant (as it signaled an upcoming target, see also Fig 2A and 2B for absence of CNV or any oscillatory trace prior to the WS)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We speculate that in para- digms in which there is no WS and all rhythmic stimuli are possible targets (e.g., [6,22]), CNA is elicited after each stimulus, resulting in apparent continuous oscillation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Importantly, the current findings do not refute the existence of low-frequency oscillations, their role in sensory selection, or the possibility that they become entrained to external rhythms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we argue that phase modulations, whether increased concentration or angle reversal, of filtered neural signal during the presentation of the stimulus stream cannot be taken as evidence for the existence or entrainment of such oscillations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This argument is agnostic to the question of whether the climbing activity (and in particular the CNV) is a result of phase-resetting of ongoing low-frequency oscillations by the WS [11,21] (see also [59])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, in the Repeated-Interval condition such phase-resetting should be selective for the oscillator with the wavelength of the expected interval, based on memory, rather than on bot- tom-up entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Interval timing loses its efficiency for intervals outside the range of 200-2,000 ms (i.e., the delta range), [60]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, it is less likely that the effects of rhythmic stimulation at faster rates, especially alpha in visual perception [18], can be explained by interval timing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Given the prom- inence of alpha rhythms in visual cortex and its hypothesized relation to the timing of neural activation [61], it is possible that effects of alpha-rate stimulation are indeed mediated by entrainment of alpha oscillations, aligning stimuli with a preferred phase of the alpha cycle [14,15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0054__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Future studies should examine the mechanism of alpha entrainment using appropriate control for temporal predictability as used here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies separately found behavioral validity effects for rhythms and for memory- based predictions [16,25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rhythm processing is supported by the motor system, especially the supplementary motor area [62,63]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given the manual nature of our task, it was plausible to expect an advantage of rhythm-based over memory-based predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, rhythms exerted a stronger expectation, but this was expressed in larger cost of prediction violation, rather than in stronger facilitation for expected targets."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This suggests a dissociation between the processes involved in increasing preparation at expected times and relative inhibition at unexpected times instead of a tradeoff of the same resource between the expected and unex- pected times."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The pattern of CNV resolution when the anticipated event was unexpectedly omitted provides an apparent neural correlate for the extra cost of unexpected events (Fig 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "When a short SOA target was expected but did not appear, the CNV resolved immediately towards baseline with rhythm-based predictions (compare with [9]) but only after a delay for memory-based predictions (compare with [37])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The interpretation of this pattern depends on the process reflected by the CNV, an issue that is still under debate [64]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Under the model that the CNV reflect the accumulation of pulses of a timer mechanism [37,65], the CNV resolution reflects \"emptying\" of the accumulator once the memorized interval has elapsed and a decision has been made."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this context, the delayed resolution of the CNV in the Repeated-Interval condition could result from reduced temporal accuracy of memory-based predictions, which rely on multiple factors like working memory, arousal, and attention [28,66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This would lead to more jitter in the peak latency of the accu- mulation at the end of the expected interval and, as a byproduct, to \"leakage\" of preparation to times other than the expected time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the timer model of CNV is challenged by recent arguments that the CNV resolu- tion is modulated according to optimal decision strategies, which suggests that the CNV is more likely to reflect active preparation than mere passive timing [64,67,68]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the differ- ence between our predictive conditions in the CNV resolution, as well as the RT results, imply that memory-based predictions are more flexible, allowing dynamic shifting of resources to unexpected times when a prediction is violated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rhythmic predictions on the other hand are obligating, with inability to maintain a high level of preparation in between rhythmic stimuli."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This obligatory nature of the rhythmic condition is in line with our previous finding, showing that rhythms affect the CNV even when they are not predictive and not intentionally used to form predictions [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Earlier P3 latency for temporally expected compared to unexpected events was previously observed in both rhythmic [34,36] and memory-based paradigms [26], although the two Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 18 / 30 modes were not directly compared until now."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since the P3 has been related to stimulus eval- uation and response selection [41,42], the earlier P3 for temporally expected stimuli was interpreted as reflecting sharpening of such processes due to preparation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our results, showing similar effects of rhythmic and memory-based predictions, imply that this sharp- ening results from intentional usage of available temporal information, independent of its source."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies found amplitude reduction of occipital alpha-band oscillations before or at the expected time of a target embedded in a rhythmic stream [9,34,35]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our findings suggest that this phenomenon (presumably indexing increased perceptual excitability) is a signature of temporally focused preparation in general."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Anticipatory reduction of occipital alpha-band amplitude was also observed in paradigms in which a nontemporal feature was anticipated, such as in reduction of alpha power in electrodes contralateral to an expected target location [69,70]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While spatial information allows biasing the cortical excitability to match the expected location (e.g., across hemifields), temporal information allows the increase of cortical excitabil- ity to focus at the expected time, possibly sparing resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This may underlie synergistic effects of temporal and spatial predictions [8,71]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We previously showed that P3 and alpha modulations occurred only when intentionally using rhythms to form predictions but not incidentally (in contrast to CNV effects that were also observed with passive exposure to nonpredictive rhythms, [34])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Taken together, our current and previous results imply that the alpha-band and P3 effects reflect general mecha- nisms of intentional (rather than incidental) execution of temporal predictions, regardless of source."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Models of dynamic resource allocation argue for a dichotomy between temporally selective anticipation in rhythmic streams, mediated by oscillatory entrainment (\"rhythmic\" mode), and anticipation in nonrhythmic streams, which requires sustained vigilance (\"vigilance\" mode) [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These models leave out the well-documented memory-based resource allocation in time, which was shown to occur without rhythmic context [1,26]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, it was not clear whether rhythm- and memory-based temporal predictions are distinct at all, as interval-timing neural signatures were explained by oscillatory phase resetting [11], and, in contrast, seeming oscillations could be explained by repeated interval-timing [32] or even repeated evoked responses [72]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similarly, imaging studies revealed that both rhythm- and memory-based tem- poral predictions activate similar regions (premotor and inferior parietal cortices, for a review see [73])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Directly comparing conditions in which timing is predictable, based on memory, rhythm, and not at all, allows us to extend the dichotomy into a trichotomy: availability of temporal information, regardless of its source, allows the brain to shift from the \"continuous\" mode into a \"temporally predictive\" mode."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is characterized by pretarget CNA (such as the CNV), anticipatory alpha reduction, and posttarget facilitation of processing of temporally expected events, reflected by earlier P3 latency and shortened RTs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When anticipation is based on rhythms, the brain can further switch into a \"rhythmic\" mode, characterized by similar mani- festations but also by immediate cessation of facilitation and possibly inhibition once the expected time interval has elapsed, manifested by CNV immediate resolution and larger behavioral costs for unexpected events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Methodologically, studies that aim to infer rhythm- specific mechanisms should use a less rhythmic predictive control similar to our Repeated- Interval condition, which would allow attributing the effects of rhythms to rhythmicity and not to general temporal prediction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A central remaining question is whether the unique effects of rhythms are mediated by oscil- latory entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On one hand, this possibility is weakened by our finding that PC of low- frequency oscillations, which were usually conceived as a signature of rhythm-specific entrain- ment, was observed to the same extent in less-rhythmic streams."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, oscilla- tions are characterized by resonance, that is, extension of several oscillatory cycles even when external phase-resetting input is terminated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Findings fluctuations of several cycles in behav- ioral and physiological markers after stimulus termination was often interpreted as a direct evidence for the alignment of a self-sustaining oscillatory process to the external rhythm [74- 76]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our data, the conspicuous and immediate return of the CNV to baseline after an omis- sion, in the absence of any external event to phase-reset it, represents the expected pattern of a resonance mechanism, consistent with entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0063__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It could also explain the increased cost of presenting targets outside the expected time window."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More than the ability to recruit resources, what seems to be unique to the rhythmic mode (and not to the anticipatory mode in general) is the tendency to \"turn off\" anticipation periodi- cally, consistent with the idea of energy efficiency [11]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While this mode is indeed efficient when the input maintains its predictability, the current findings also emphasize the inflexibility and resultant cost of this mode when events are temporally surprising."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may be an unavoidable consequence of the oscillatory mode."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study and all of its procedures, including subject recruitment methods, instructions, experimental task, apparatus, debriefing, and reimbursement, were approved by the local Eth- ics Committee of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All participants provided written informed consent according to the local Ethics Committee and the Declaration of Helsinki."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Twenty-one students (11 females, mean age = 25, 19 right handed) were tested in return for course credit or payment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants reported no history of neurological or psychiatric dis- ease, normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and no professional musical training or playing an instrument."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Stimuli were colored disks (diameter 1.2˚) presented for 100 ms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each trial began with a prepa- ratory sequence of stimuli, followed by a white WS and a green target to which participants had to respond with a speeded button press."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A fixation point (black \"+\", 0.6˚X 0.6˚) preceded each trial for 500 ms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were three conditions presented in different blocks (Fig 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In \"Rhythmic\" blocks, the sequence consisted of four, five, or six (uniform probability) black sti- muli presented rhythmically with an SOA of 700 ms (1.43 Hz, short cue) or 1,300 ms (0.77 Hz, long cue)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The WS appeared in-phase with the rhythm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The WS-Target SOA was identical to the rhythm SOA in valid trials or to the other SOA in invalid trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the \"Repeated-Interval\" condition, the sequence consisted of four, five, or six (uniform probability) black-then-red pairs of stimuli."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The within-pair SOA was 700 and 1,300 ms in short and long cue trials, respectively, but the SOA between pairs was jittered (short trials: 1,500-1,900 ms, 50 ms steps; long trials: 1,900-2,700 ms, 100 ms steps, uniform distribution)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We assumed that this"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 20 / 30 aperiodic sequence structure would reduce the ability of endogenous delta oscillators to main- tain a stable phase relation to the stream, as the first stimulus of each pair falls approximately on the opposite phase of the oscillation that is entrained by the previous pair."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The last pair of the sequence consisted of a white WS followed by a green target."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The SOA within this pair was the same as in the preceding pairs in valid trials and had the other SOA in invalid trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In both Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions, the sequences were predictive of target tim- ing, as 75% of the trials within a block were valid and 12.5% invalid."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the remaining 12.5% of the trials, in each condition no target appeared following the WS, in order to diminish expecta- tions based on conditional probability that the stimulus will occur given that it has not occurred yet [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In these \"catch\" trials, a blank screen was displayed after the WS for 1,500 ms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, in the \"Random\" condition, the sequence consisted of four, five, or six (uniform probability) stimuli whose SOAs were jittered around the average of 700 or 1,300 ms (−200 to +200 in 50 ms steps, uniform distribution)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Target SOAs were also drawn from these short and long distributions, independently from the average sequence SOA [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the sequence was not predictive, for analysis purposes, \"valid\" trials were defined as those in which cue and target SOAs were drawn from the same distributions (e.g., short cue trials followed by short SOA targets, 43.75% of the trials) and \"invalid\" trials as those in which cue and target SOAs were drawn from different distributions (e.g., short cue trials followed by long SOA targets, 43.75% of the trials)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The other 12.5% of the trials were catch trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experiment was conducted in a sound attenuated chamber (Eckel C-26, United King- dom)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Stimuli were presented at the center of a 17-in CRT screen (ViewSonic G75f, with 100 Hz refresh rate) on gray background (viewing distance = 90 cm)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Stimulus presentation and response acquisition were handled using Psychophysics toolbox [77,78] for MATLAB (version 7.5.0, Mathworks, Natick, Massachusetts)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Trials were presented in blocks of 32 trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The experiment started with two Random blocks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Next, Repeated-Interval and Rhythmic blocks alternated (four each)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Which condition started was counter-balanced across participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Par- ticipants were encouraged to use the predictive information if available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Eight practice trials were performed on first encounter with each condition and at least two trials for ensuing blocks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0077__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Short breaks were given between blocks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the end of the experiment, participants were debriefed, verifying that they had used the predictive cues to create predictions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prior to the entire experiment, all participants conducted three blocks of a condition from our previous study (\"Non-Informative\" condition) [34] for replication purposes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This condition and its results will not be presented in the main text (see S1 Text, and [34])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For each participant, trials were discarded if the RT was larger than three standard deviations from the mean RT, separately for each condition and validity of the cue, or if the RT was shorter than 50 ms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "RTs were subjected to a repeated-measures ANOVA with factors condi- tion (Random/Rhythmic/Repeated-Interval), cue validity (valid/invalid), and target SOA (short/long)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Where the sphericity assumption was violated, we report Greenhouse-Geisser corrected p-value and uncorrected degrees of freedom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Due to the small number of trials at the exact in-phase SOA in the Random condition, trials with SOA of up to 100 ms around the short and long target SOAs were used as representing these SOAs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The range of this interval (50-150 ms) did not affect the pattern of results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To examine the benefits and costs of having temporal predictions, we separately analyzed valid and invalid trials, conducting planned one- Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 21 / 30 tailed contrasts to compare each predictive condition to the random condition, and two-tailed contrasts to compare the predictive conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "EEG was recorded continuously from 64 preamplified Ag/AgCl electrodes, using an Active 2 system (BioSemi, The Netherlands) mounted on an elastic cap according to the extended 10- 20 system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additional electrodes were placed on the outer canthi of the right and left eyes and above and below the center of the right eye to track electro-oculographic activity, on the left and right mastoids, and near tip of the nose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The EEG signal was sampled at a rate of 1,024 Hz (24 bits/channel) with an online anti-aliasing 204 Hz low-pass filter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "EEG preprocessing was conducted using BrainVision Analyzer 2.0 (Brain Products, Germany) using the following pipeline: referencing to the nose electrode; high-pass filtering using a zero-shift Butterworth filter with a cutoff of 0.1 Hz (24 dB/octave); correction of ocular artifacts using independent component analysis (ICA) [79] based on typical scalp topography and time course; elimination of epochs which contained other artifacts, defined as absolute activity larger than 100 μV, or a change of more than 100 μV in a 200-ms interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The data of two participants were rejected from EEG analyses due to excessive artifacts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ERPs were analyzed separately for the preparatory period, i.e., during the presentation of the stimulus sequence, and the posttarget period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For all ERP analyses, the data was re-referenced to the average of the left and right mastoids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the preparatory period, the analysis was con- ducted in two predefined electrode clusters: a central cluster (FC1, FCz, FC2, C1, Cz, C2, CP1, CPz, CP2), to test for modulations of the CNV potential, and an occipital cluster (PO3/PO4, PO7/PO8, O1/O2), to test oscillatory activity in visual circuits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To visualize ongoing activity in these two clusters, segments extending from 5,600 or 3,200 ms before the target (for long and short SOA trials, respectively) to 1,000 ms after the target were averaged within condition across trials and subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two a priori hypotheses were tested regarding the CNV in the central electrode cluster."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, we examined whether the modulation of the CNV buildup by the expected SOA (i.e., faster buildup as the expected SOA is shorter, [9,26]) differs between conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this, segments extending from 200 ms before to 1,300 ms after the WS were averaged within each condition for valid trials, separately for short and long cue SOA (in the Random condition according to the average of the sequence), with the period of 200 ms before the WS used as baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the Random condition, we only used trials in which the target did not inciden- tally appear in the first 700 or 1,300 ms after the WS, for short and long SOA trials, respec- tively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Within each condition, the average CNV amplitude in a window of 400 to 700 ms after the WS was compared between expecting the target in short and long SOAs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This time window was chosen to provide maximal differentiation, as it was at the end of the short inter- val but in the middle of the long interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0083__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Planned one-tailed contrasts were used to examine the hypothesis that the CNV will be more negative when expecting the target at a short SOA than long SOA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, we compared the resolution of the CNV (i.e., return to baseline, [9,37,40]) between the different conditions in trials where an expected short SOA target was omitted (i.e., short- cue, invalid trials)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this situation, the timed interval ends, but no target appears to end the anticipation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this, segments extending from 200 ms before to 1,400 ms after the WS were averaged separately for the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions, with the period of 200 ms before the WS used as baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To quantify the CNV resolution, we fitted the amplitude of Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 22 / 30 the CNV waveform (averaged across participants) in each condition with a five-parameter continuous model, which allowed the CNV to buildup, remain at the peak amplitude for a flex- ible interval, and only then resolve (Fig 3C):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The free parameters of the model were the buildup initiation time (T 0 ), buildup slope (S 1 ), buildup termination time (T 1 ), resolution initiation time (T 2 ), and resolution slope (S 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The possibility for a variable delay between T 1 and T 2 allowed accurate estimation that would not be distorted by predefined choice of intervals and also reflected a cognitively plausible strategy of maintaining high preparation after target omission, in case the target appears at the long SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Each parameter was compared between the Rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions using paired t tests using the jackknifing procedure (see S1 Text)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To verify that the five- parameter model does not overfit the data, this \"resolution after delay\" model was compared to a more restrictive four-parameter model, \"immediate resolution,\" in which the transition between buildup termination and resolution initiation was immediate (T 1 = T 2 , see Fig 3D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Model fitting was conducted using the \"fminsearch\" function in MATLAB (Nelder-Mead sim- plex optimization) with several initial values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Model selection was based on calculation of the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC, [80])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0085__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For each condition, the model with the lowest BIC value was chosen (ΔBIC > 6 is considered strong evidence)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ERP analysis of posttarget activity focused on the P3 potential, which was analyzed at a cluster of midline-parietal electrodes (Pz, P1, P2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We examined whether the modulation of the P3 latency by the validity of temporal prediction (shorter latency when the target appears at the expected SOA, [8,26]) differs between conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this, segments extending from 200 ms before to 700 ms after the target were averaged in each predictive condition, sepa- rately for trials with short or long target SOA and for valid or invalid cues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As the pretarget CNV effect was expected to result in differences in the pretarget baseline in short versus long target SOAs, we used a period of 200 ms before the WS as baseline and analyzed each target SOA separately."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The time window for P3 analysis was 200-550 ms after target onset, based on unbiased visual inspection of average activity across all subjects and conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The P3 latency was estimated by averaging the latencies in which the amplitude reached 30%, 50%, and 70% of the peak amplitude, allowing a stable estimation of the half-maximum point [81]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Reliable estimation of these latencies was achieved using a jackknifing procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0086__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Within each condition and target SOA, the amplitudes and latencies of the P3 were each subjected to a repeated-measures ANOVA with factors condition (Rhythmic/Repeated Interval) and target validity (valid/invalid), and planned one-tailed contrasts were used to examine whether the P3 latency is shorter when the target SOA was expected compared to unexpected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Following previous findings [9,34,35], we analyzed amplitude modulations of alpha-band activity (8-13 Hz) in occipital electrodes (PO3/PO4, PO7/PO8, O1/O2) by temporal"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 23 / 30 predictions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We compared the amplitude of alpha activity at the time of the short SOA target when expecting the target at the short versus long SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In both short and long SOA trials, we only included trials in which the target actually appeared at the long SOA, avoiding contami- nation by target-evoked activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the only difference between the trials was the predicted target time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0088__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We asked whether an amplitude reduction at the time of a temporally expected tar- get would differ between the different sequences."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The data were segmented from 1,400 ms before the WS to 1,800 ms after the target."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instantaneous amplitudes were extracted using a complex Morlet wavelet transform (1-30 Hz, 1 Hz steps, ratio between the central frequency and the standard deviation of the Gaussian-shaped wavelet in the frequency domain = 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first and last 1,000 ms of each segment absorbed edge artifacts and were discarded from analy- sis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The resulting time-frequency representations were averaged across electrodes within each condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Baseline correction was performed using a range of 0-100 ms after the WS, as the occurrence of the WS is the only time point that is identical both in function and in perceptual input between the short and long SOA conditions (pre-WS intervals were contaminated with residual activity from previous stimuli, see [34])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Average alpha-band amplitude (across 8-13 Hz and 700-900 ms after the WS) was subjected to a repeated-measures condition (Rhythmic/ Repeated-Interval) X expected SOA (short/long) ANOVA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Within each condition, planned one-tailed contrasts examined whether the alpha-band amplitude is reduced when the target was expected at the short SOA compared to the long SOA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We analyzed the effects of temporal predictions on the phase of delta-band activity in occipital electrodes in which these effects were expected to be maximal (PO3/PO4, PO7/PO8, O1/O2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We examined whether increased PC and alignment to the optimal phase angle at target time [3,6,7,21,22] occur in the rhythmic and Repeated-Interval conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instantaneous phase of delta-band activity was extracted by band-pass filtering the unsegmented data in a frequency band of 0.5-3 Hz (zero-shift Butterworth filter, 24 dB/octave) and applying the Hilbert trans- form."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This was performed separately for each occipital electrode and then averaged (consider- ing the circularity of phase) across electrodes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The delta-phase signal was segmented into epochs surrounding valid targets (−700 to 500 ms for short SOA targets and −1,300 to 500 ms for long SOA targets), separately for the Rhythmic, Repeated-Interval, and Random conditions and, for comparison, also surrounding the WS in the Rhythmic condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0091__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Analyses of circular variables were performed using the CircStat toolbox for MATLAB [82]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To examine whether certain phase angles were optimal for performance we tested the circu- lar-linear association between delta phase at target time and RTs in the random condition (as in the predictive conditions delta-phase was expected to have small variance due to PC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We used a linear mixed-effect regression model to estimate this association at the group level, allowing each subject to have a different optimal value (see S1 Text)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0092__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Delta phase was linearized by taking its sine and cosine and using them as fixed effects along with target SOA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0092__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The inter- cepts of participants, as well as by-participant random slopes for sine and cosine of the phase, were inserted as random effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, we examined delta PC at stimulus time (target/WS) by calculating the ITPC [83]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Across participants, these ITPC values were compared between conditions using an omnibus repeated-measures ANOVA with factors condition (Rhythmic/Repeated-Interval/Random/ WS-Control) and SOA (short/long), followed by subsidiary ANOVAs for comparing specific condition pairs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, we examined the occurrence of ITPC in the predictive conditions by comparing them to the controls, and also compared the Rhythmic and the Repeated- Mechanisms of rhythm- and memory-based temporal prediction PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.2001665 February 10, 2017 24 / 30 Interval conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0093__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Due to the nonnormality of the ITPC data (bounded between zero and one), we used permutation-based ANOVAs (see S1 Text)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we examined whether delta phase at target time was aligned to the optimal phase angle, which was identified in each participant and each SOA by averaging the phases of the 33% fastest trials in the Random condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each predictive condition, we then calculated for each participant the circular distance between the circular-averaged phase angle at target time and his\\her optimal phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If the phase at target time was shifted to the optimal angle, the expectancy of these differences is zero, so they should be concentrated around zero across sub- jects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We tested this using a V test, which contrasts a null hypothesis that phases are uniformly distributed to an alternative hypothesis that phases are unimodally distributed with an a priori specified mean angle, which, in the current case, was set to be zero (see [7])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__original__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With the same approach, we also tested whether the phase angle at target time was identical between short and long SOA targets."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4315__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neural oscillations align to external stimulus rhythms, such as the recurring onsets in rhythmic sequences, via neural entrainment—that is, adjustment to the oscillation’s phase and period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As such, measures of neural phase coherence or “phase concentration” can inform us about the precision of entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Entrainment of ongoing neural oscillations is considered a potent mechanism that the brain utilizes to generate temporal predictions and to aid active perception, at least in sensory cortices."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0095__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, as attempts to falsify or question this hypothesis are scarce, the idea that temporal predictions are instantiated in neural oscillatory entrainment should not be set in stone just yet."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For this reason, it is very important that a recent study by Breska and Deouell, published in PLOS Biology [1], set out to determine whether phase concentration at the time of a critical target stimulus would also be observed in instances when stimulus sequences are non-rhythmic, but targets are nonetheless temporally predictable [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, temporal predictions can certainly be formed on the basis of non-rhythmic information, such as the passage of time itself [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Breska and Deouell propose a “memory-based” prediction mechanism that would not be instrumented by entrainment but instead might utilize alternate, interval-based timing mechanisms [4,5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While the study raises very important questions, logical and methodological considerations have motivated us to lay out a short guide for future experiments that aim to demonstrate oscillatory entrainment or the lack thereof."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0096__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Throughout, we support our arguments with simulations and supplemental audio, which can be found at https://osf.io/phs6e/."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Breska and Deouell aimed to assess behavioral and electrophysiological measures in contexts that vary in their rhythmicity, with the goal of exploring the bounding conditions of neural entrainment as well as the neural mechanisms that might support temporal predictions when entrainment is not possible."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The trouble with examining neural mechanisms in contexts with varying rhythmicity is that we are still lacking a good working definition of rhythm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "What does “rhythm” mean to a human or non-human brain, and to a perceiver more generally, and how variable does a sequence of events need to be so that our brains will cease to register it as rhythmic? Many researchers seem to use “rhythm” to refer to isochrony, that is, strict regularity, and contrast this with situations in which sequences are composed using variable stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; e.g., “repeated-interval” and “random” conditions in Breska and Deouell’s study)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, there are many types of sequences that might be perceived as rhythmic despite being decidedly aperiodic and having relatively high variance in terms of the intervals making up the rhythm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, metrical musical rhythms comprising intervals of different sizes (e.g., quarter notes, half notes, and dotted half notes) can give rise to a sense of regularity at a rate that is not actually represented by any of the intervals in the sequence (that is, at the whole note level)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, many previous studies on neural entrainment did not even utilize the strictly isochronous sequences presented here as a hallmark of rhythm but instead allowed for considerable jitter between single stimuli (e.g., [6–9])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Empirically, rhythmicity can be assessed best by asking individuals whether they perceive a sequence as rhythmic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To this end, we transferred Breska and Deouell’s sequences to the auditory domain (arguably the more natural domain for assessing rhythm and entrainment) in an exercise that was quite informative: it turns out that their “repeated-interval” condition, conceived to reduce rhythmicity, feels very rhythmic indeed (see supplemental audio at https://osf.io/phs6e/)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Theoretically, rhythmicity can be assessed by attempting to align (that is, to entrain) a sinusoidal oscillation to a stimulus sequence (Fig 1), as Breska and Deouell have also done: if the oscillation aligns to the sequence such that its relative phase is sufficiently non-random relative to stimulus onsets, the sequence should be considered rhythmic from the perspective of the underlying oscillator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our attempts to do so suggest that the degree of jitter employed by Breska and Deouell, even in their “random” condition, would still allow for successful neural entrainment (Fig 1C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0099__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We note that Breska and Deouell also report results of such a simulation and also show that, in particular for the long SOA condition, their “random” stimulation would have led to successful oscillatory entrainment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An orthogonal issue contributing to Breska and Deouell’s largely similar phase-concentration results across “rhythmic” and “repeated-interval” conditions is the presence of large-amplitude contingent negative variation (CNV) and P3 components flanking the targets, which likely distorted the phase measures and resulted in artificially high phase concentrations (Fig 1D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This suggestion (also put forward by Breska and Deouell) was confirmed by our simulations and accurately predicted lower phase concentration at the time of the warning signal compared to the time of the target, which would not be predicted by neural entrainment alone (Fig 5B of Breska and Deouell [1])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The bottom line here has already been discussed at length in the field: phase concentration measures do not just index oscillations—they index the entire underlying signal—and therefore should be interpreted with utmost caution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nonetheless, to conclude that “phase concentration and alignment of slow EEG [electroencephalogram] oscillations are not a signature of rhythmic entrainment” ([1]; as in the title of their paper) is worrisome: Breska and Deouell seem only to consider the possibility that entrainment measures might not be good indicators of entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0101__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Potentially, however, their manipulation simply did not vary the intended independent measure (that is, rhythmicity) to a conclusive degree."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our reservations notwithstanding, Breska and Deouell’s paper is an important reminder of how little we actually know about the way(s) in which rhythmic—or otherwise predictable—patterns in our environment are utilized by behaving organisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0102__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accordingly, a hallmark contribution of their paper is to demonstrate the behavioral costs (in terms of response times) that can arise for a behaving organism from entrainment to a strictly periodic stimulus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us conclude by briefly outlining requirements of an experiment that we think would settle the important questions raised by Breska and Deouell more conclusively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the experiment would need to manipulate a perceiver’s ability to predict the precise timing of upcoming, behaviorally relevant events by truly varying rhythmicity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That is, the presence of rhythmicity should be empirically verified by asking for information about the (non-)rhythmic percept."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One particularly promising approach is to manipulate meter: rhythms with different degrees of perceived rhythmicity can be constructed by reordering the exact same interval set, creating stimuli with identical statistical properties but different degrees of perceived regularity [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0103__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Such stimuli allow for a rigorous test of the effects of rhythmicity on neural entrainment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, we suggest that unpredictable, near-threshold targets avoid as much as possible the contamination by large CNV and P3 components that can distort phase-concentration measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0104__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Inevitably, however, testing a memory-based prediction mechanism is contingent on a subject’s ability to predict when the target will occur—a process that can hardly escape large transient evoked responses like the CNV and so may be better studied using a psychophysically sound behavioral paradigm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0104__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It remains to be conceded, however, that it is far from trivial to arbitrate between a (theoretically and empirically thus far substantiated) entrainment account on the one hand, and a potentially more parsimonious view that would subsume both periodic and aperiodic predictions but might challenge entrainment on the other."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So, what do we talk about when we talk about rhythm? As we have laid out here, regularity manipulations themselves need to be of sufficient magnitude and quality to modulate both percepts of rhythmicity and entrainment of a (neural or other) oscillator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0105__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even then, however, our beloved tools for dissecting rhythmic and non-rhythmic processes in the neural domain can be turned into rusty blades by notorious interpretational problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__critique__p0105__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This should encourage us to humbly spell out our predictions in those domains where rhythm truly resides: in perception and behavior [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4315__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The idea of entrainment of neural oscillations to temporal structure has become a central theory for attentional selection in time [1,2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our study [3], we separated unique electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of oscillatory entrainment to rhythmic streams from those (specifically, inter-trial phase coherence [ITPC]) that overlap with other mechanisms of prediction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Obleser, Henry, and Lakatos’s (OHL’s) comment [4] highlights important issues regarding the study of entrainment mechanisms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We share OHL’s main message: rhythms may be complex and not necessarily isochronous."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fact, finding a stream devoid of any regularity is challenging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is probably why entrainment mechanisms are functionally important! Yet we should not see entrainment mechanisms as omnipresent, nor should we render them irrefutable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0106__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Below, we reflect on some of OHL’s concerns regarding our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Oscillatory entrainment predicts increased ITPC for rhythms [2,5], as both our and OHL’s models show."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, taking ITPC as evidence for entrainment, without ruling out other explanations, would be making the logical fallacy of \"affirming the consequence\" (a!b does not imply that b!a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our study [3] thus asked which electrophysiological phenomena are uniquely associated with entrainment to rhythms instead of with general temporal prediction mechanisms that also operate in rhythmic contexts [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We conjectured that if ITPC reflects entrainment it should be sensitive to the level of regularity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we found that reducing the level of temporal regularity of streams did not reduce ITPC when predictability was preserved but only did so if predictability was also reduced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "OHL’s argument that this is explained by predictions-related climbing neuronal activity (CNA; e.g., the contingent negative variation) only recapitulates one of our main arguments [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Given this fact, can a repeated-CNA explanation be ruled out from previous ITPC findings, especially in designs with no warning signal?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0107__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Using near-threshold stimuli [7] reduces onset-responses–driven ITPC but not anticipatory activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "OHL point out (like we did [3]) that our repeated-interval condition (RIC) was not arrhythmic, explaining observed ITPC levels."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Critically though, the RIC was not designed to be arrhythmic but to be less periodic than the isochronous condition (IsoC), which should diminish entrainment signatures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0108__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For perceptual judgments evidence (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0108__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "OHL’s demo) that this was achieved, see Fig 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, in accordance with OHL’s appropriate assertion that rhythmicity is ill defined, we worry that resorting to subjective judgment falls into the same ambiguity of periodicity/predictability that motivated our study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Preferably, the degree to which a sequence is conducive to entrainment of a given oscillation, well defined by frequency and phase, could be objectively quantified."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact, OHL’s model, like ours, predicts a difference in phase (their figure 1b) and a lower ITPC (their figure 1c showing the effect of stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA] variance) in the RIC compared to IsoC. However, being a single-oscillator model with adjustable frequency, OHL’s model cannot attribute the ITPC to specific frequencies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0110__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our multi-oscillator model shows that the expected ITPC is in lower frequencies in the RIC than the IsoC, consistent with the RIC being by design destructive to entrainment at the IsoC frequency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The predictions of both entrainment models are thus inconsistent with the EEG findings of similar ITPC, in the same frequency, and to the same (behaviorally optimal) phase angle in the 2 conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4315", "paragraph_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For us, the strongest indication that the 2 sequences, while not differing in ITPC, were not as “rhythmic” (able to entrain) for the brain is the clear behavioral and electrophysiological differences they induced [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Crucially, these differences agreed with entrainment theories: the more rhythmic IsoC led to resonance and momentum after stream termination."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We emphasize again this overlooked point: our findings support, rather than falsify, entrainment theories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, they call for proper predictability controls when using ITPC during stream presentation as evidence for entrainment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4315__response__p0112__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We join OHL in hoping for clearer definition and careful controls when dissecting predictive mechanisms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4315/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2587139056_W2756242617_W2754072902", "triad_name": "triad_4315", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4315__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An awake craniotomy (AC) is the gold standard for the resection of supra tentorial brain tumours in eloquent areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Intraoperative monitoring \"ondemand\" of essential eloquent brain functions and the increasing need to preserve higher intel lectual functions during surgery requires a unique anaesthetic approach during AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dexmedetomidine is considered the firstchoice pharmacological agent for sedation during AC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Twentysix patients with a single brain tumour located in areas of eloquent brain function were enrolled in this prospective study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The patients underwent AC un der conscious sedation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Motorevoked potentials and brainstemevoked auditory po tentials were measured using neurophysiological tests during surgery to assess brain potentials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Intraoperative brain relaxation was reached using a modified Bristow scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Neuromonitoring and psychological tests were maintained until meningeal closure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All operations were carried out successfully, and no reoperations were needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No significant impact on circulatory and respiratory parameters was observed during conscious sedation based on dexmedetomidine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Neither instrumental airway support nor conversion to general anaesthesia was necessary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Brain relaxation was good in 84% of cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Intraoperative epileptic episodes were observed in 15% of the patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Neuro logical and psychological monitoring was satisfactory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Unaltered muscle force was ob served postoperatively in 88% of the patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "AC performed under conscious sedation, and dexmedetomidine infu sion without instrumental airway support, was safe and welltolerated by patients with comfortable physiological sleep for most of the procedure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This approach to AC was associated with minimal risk of perioperative adverse events and may be particularly beneficial in patients with severe comorbidities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bogusława Ewa Lechowicz-Głogowska, Agnieszka Uryga, Artur Weiser, et al. ation, significantly increases the chance of a good neurological and cognitive outcome [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Awake craniotomy (AC) is the gold standard for surgical removal of tumours in eloquent areas of the brain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Maximal tumour resection with simultaneous preservation of brain functions such as movement, speech, and cognitive abilities are the goals of these procedures [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The joint use of brain-evoked poten- tials, neuropsychological tests, and intraoperative real-time imaging (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], ultrasound, or computed tomography [CT]) increases the probability of maximal and functional- ly safe tumour resection [10-12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the best method of anaesthesia for AC is still in question."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Various anaesthetic management protocols are used for AC, such as the asleep-awake-asleep tech- nique (AAA), monitored anaesthetic care (MAC), and CS with propofol, remifentanil, and infiltration anaes thesia [9, 10, 13, 14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most clinicians use the AAA technique with instrumental upper airway sup- port during the initial and closing phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The patient is awake only during neurological monitoring [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The intubation tube or the laryngeal mask inser- tion can be very difficult due to the patient's fixed head position in a Mayfield clamp and the surgical dressings that cover the head."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "During intubation or extubation, various adverse effects can occur, such as prolonged apnoea, hypoventilation, and reten- tion of CO 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All of these events can cause extensive brain oedema, epileptic episodes, additional brain ischaemia near the edge of the craniotomy, or in- tense bleeding in the operating field and may even prevent further surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Sedation with propofol and opioids may lead to respiratory depression with hypercapnia, and hypoxia, which results in brain oedema."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0007__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Furthermore, other adverse events can occur during conventional sedation: vomiting, myo- clonus, uncontrolled movement of the patient, and non-cooperativeness [16-18]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to difficulties with AAA (agitation, difficult airways, uncooperativeness, sudden disagreement about being awake during surgery), another anaes- thesia protocol that is better tolerated is needed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dexmedetomidine, which is used as a basic seda- tive for AC, may be a promising solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This alpha2 adrenoceptor (a2-AR) agonist works as a sedative, light anxiolytic, and analgesic through the activa- tion of a2 brain receptors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It does not depress res- piration and has no impact on the neurophysio logy of the brain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, it does not negatively in- fluence monitored brain-evoked potentials and can protect the brain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Through activation of receptors located in the coeruleus locus area of the brain, dexmedetomidine mimics the natural physiologi- cal pattern of sleep without REM phase II/III [11-13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, the results of a CS research proto- col using dexmedetomidine infusion and a scalp block with ropivacaine are presented."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The objec- tive of this research was to evaluate the risk of re- spiratory and circulatory complications, changes in neurophysiological monitoring, and other adverse events during AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The vital element of this protocol was the psychological evaluation before, during, and after surgery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study was a single-centre prospective study without a control group for comparison, approved by the Bioethics Committee of the University Hos- pital in Wroclaw (10.10.2013) and by the Bioethics Committee of the Wrocław Medical University (KB - 279/2016 [02.06.2016]) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thirty-one patients admitted to the University Hospital in Wroclaw between 2014 and 2018 were screened to ensure they met the study inclusion cri- teria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The main inclusion criteria were a single brain tumour localized near or in the eloquent cortical areas (qualified for elective AC), good neurological state, age > 16 years, ASA 1-4, good patient cooper- ation, and good intellectual function confirmed by neuropsychological tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Exclusion criteria included alcohol or drug abuse, psychiatric disorders, severe anxiety, allergies to study medications, recent clini- cal manifestation of epilepsy, electrolyte or acid- base imbalance, significant glucose imbalance, low heart rate (< 55 bpm), arrhythmias and lack of neu- ropsychological evaluation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Figure 1 presents a flow chart showing exclusion criteria and the experimen- tal design of the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Ultimately, 26 patients were enrolled in the study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The preoperative patient evaluation was per- formed at least one day before surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A neuropsy- chological evaluation, including a general assess- ment of neurological and psychological status, as well as an evaluation of the higher mental functions (such as speech, memory, thinking, perception, and attention), was performed using the following bat- tery of tests (before surgery): STAI - Inventory of State and Anxiety (C.D. Spielberger, R.L. Gorsuch, R.E. Lushene), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale (EPQR-s), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale HAM-D, Numerical Rating Scale, Benton Visual Retention Test, Hodges J. Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination - ACR-III, Schmidt M. Rey Auditory Ver- bal Learning Test (RAVL); (intraoperatively): Hodges J. Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination -ACR-III, and W. Łucki questionnaire for the study of cognitive pro- cesses in patients with brain injuries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, each patient was informed of the operation in terms of decision-making and motivation for participation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The issue of stress management, anxiety, and claus- trophobia was also discussed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patient treatment sat- isfaction was assessed using the Postoperative Short Psychological Questionnaire (see Supplemental File) and the following battery of tests: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - ACE-III, Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVL), Benton's Visual Retention Test, and the numerical rating scale."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Premedications were not used, to avoid any pos- sible influence on cognition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We avoided a loading dose of dexmedetomidine due to the risk of cardio- vascular depression."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We prefer a stable low-dose infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.1-1.0 µg kg -1 h -1 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The level of sedation was adjusted to the surgery phase to reach a level of sedation of -1/-3 on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RAAS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After intraarterial cannulation under local anaes- thesia, the following parameters were monitored: electrocardiography, heart rate (HR), intraarterial blood pressure, bispectral index monitoring (BIS) (Integra, Ohio, USA) with electrodes typically fixed on the contralateral side of the craniotomy, satura- tion (Pulsoximetry, LG, Korea), respiratory frequency, and EtCO 2 with a nasal cannula."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Saturation, EtCO 2 , systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pres- sure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and HR were collected and analysed at baseline before dex- medetomidine infusion (T0), and then 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes (T5, T10, T30, T60, respectively) after the start of dexmedetomidine infusion and 60 minutes after discontinuation of dexmedetomidine (Tpo)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Arterial blood gases (PaCO 2 , PaO 2 ), electrolytes, and glucose levels were collected and analysed at T0, T30, T60, and Tpo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, a modified Bristow Scale was used to assess brain relaxation after dura opening (quality of operative condition)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The standard analgesia plan was provided peri- operatively to our patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Paracetamol (acetamin- ophen) 1.0 g IV or metamizole 2.5 g IV was given before skin incision, and then both drugs - postope- ratively, in dose 1.0 g IV every 6 hours and 8 hours, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was continued for 24-48 hours ac- cording to the requirements of individual patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There were no patients with an allergy to those drugs in the presented cohort of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A scalp block was performed using 0.75% ropivacaine with adrenaline 1 : 200,000."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If a patient complained of pain, assessed on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), then additionally IV/SC oxycodone was used at a dose of 5-10 mg every 4 hours."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The small doses of propofol (10-20 mg IV) were used for scalp block, head fixation with a Mayfield clamp to the meningeal opening, and skull closure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some patients were also given small doses of mid- azolam (0.5-1.0 mg IV) after the neuromonitoring and psychological evaluation phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Before skull pin application, local skin was anaesthetized with 2-3 mL of 1% lidocaine and adrenaline 1 : 200,000 at each pin site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Next, each patient received ondanse- tron (8 mg IV), omeprazole (40 mg IV), dexametha- sone (8-12 mg IV), and mannitol (0.5 to 1.0 g kg -1 ) within 20 to 30 minutes of skin incision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The infusion was completed before opening the dura."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The dura was then flushed with 10 mL of a 1% lidocaine solu- tion before the incision."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the event of an epileptic seizure, the following medications were prepared: clonazepam, valproate acid, midazolam, propofol, and ice-cold saline (to apply to the operating field)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Oxygen was provided through a mask at 2-4 L min -1 , and PaO 2 was maintained at a level between 100 and 160 mmHg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instrumental airway manage- ment and conversion to general anaesthesia were pre- pared (if necessary)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The patient was placed according to the surgeon's preference and checked to ensure safe positioning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The neck and legs were supported with pillows as needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The patient's face was uncov- ered with surgical covers secured above the face."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Con- stant and clear access to the head was maintained for patient observation and to allow instrumental airway support if needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Before mapping the cortex and neurological tests, the infusion of dexmedetomidine was stopped."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0017__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "During the post-monitoring closure phase, the sedation was deepened, if necessary, with an infusion of small doses of propofol, midazolam, or fentanyl."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During surgery, the following brain potentials and neurophysiological tests were performed: mo- tor-evoked potentials (MEP) - after direct electrical stimulation of the cortical and subcortical brain re- gions, brainstem-evoked auditory potentials (BEAP) Bogusława Ewa Lechowicz-Głogowska, Agnieszka Uryga, Artur Weiser, et al. - for the evaluation of brain function, sensation - as- sessed by a subjective feeling of sensory phenome- na by the patient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Motor functions were evaluated based on electromyography (EMG) traces."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the resection of the brain tumour, the patients performed motor tasks to engage specific groups of muscles necessary for the movement of the in- dicated limb."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, the patients contracted the indicated muscles while needle electrodes were inserted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The higher psychological functions, such as speech, memory, attention, and perception, were assessed with neuropsychological tests."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The entire exposed gyri were stimulated directly in 5-mm steps using a bipolar electrode with a tip distance of 5 mm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During stimulation, patients were asked to perform either a counting task or a naming test."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All black and white pictures presented were famil- iar to the patient according to preoperative assess- ment, and each name was preceded by 'this is' [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Speech arrest or the appearance of semantic errors was considered a positive result of mapping and led the surgeon to mark it [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed with Statis- tica software (v.13.1, StatSoft Inc.)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Descriptive sta- tistics are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Statistical significance was assumed at a = 0.05."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Data distributions were tested using a Kol- mogorov-Smirnov test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The hypothesis of normality was rejected for most of the analysed parameters; therefore, nonparametric tests were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To evalu- ate the differences between physiological param- eters at baseline before dexmedetomidine infusion (T0) and then 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes (T5, T10, T30, T60, respectively) after beginning the dexme- detomidine infusion and 60 minutes after discon- tinuation of dexmedetomidine (Tpo), a Friedman nonparametric ANOVA test was applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Post-hoc analyses were performed using Wilcoxon signed- rank tests with Holm-Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The Spearman rank correla- tion coefficient was used to examine the linear rela- tionships between BIS and RASS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The group consisted of 16 men and 10 women, with a mean age of 51 ± 17 years (min 19 years, max 77 years)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The clinical characteristics of the patients are presented in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mean surgery time was 6 h 10 min ± 1 h 25 min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The consumption of dexmedetomidine during the procedure was on average 711 ± 240 µg (min 400 µg, max 1200 µg)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The application of other drugs was marginal in the total group: propofol 36 ± 51 mg (max 150 mg), fen- tanyl 0.01 ± 0.03 mg (max 0.10 mg), and midazolam 0.08 ± 0.27 mg (max 1 mg)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "No catecholamines were used intraoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Small doses of ephedrine were administered to 3 patients for transient blood pressure drops."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Significant (> 500 mL) intraopera- tive blood loss was noted in one patient (4%) with a large meningioma."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intraoperative brain relaxation assessed using the modified Bristow scale was assessed as 2 points (a compliant brain within craniotomy edge) in 22 patients (84%), as 3 points (slightly tight brain, little above craniotomy edge) in 3 patients (12%), and as 4 points (tense brain, brain oedema, signifi- cantly above craniotomy edge) in one patient (4%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Surgical conditions were excellent in 6 cases (23%), good in 16 cases (62%), and poor in 4 cases (15%; all with intraoperative epileptic episodes)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intraoperative and postoperative complica- tions are presented in Table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Intraoperative epi- leptic episodes were observed in 4 patients (15%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The patients experienced generalized seizures caused by electrical stimulation of the motor cortex (EEG monitoring)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The seizures were observed in 31% of patients with an identified motor cortex."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The onset of seizures in 75% occurred during electrical stimu- lation of the cerebral cortex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in one case, a generalized tonic-clonic seizure occurred during traction placed on brain tissue or the use of a Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (CUSA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All patients who experienced seizures during surgery presented tran- sient lower limb muscle force."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In one case, decreased consciousness without accompanying seizure was observed during motor cortex stimulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None of them showed sensory or speech disorders; however, no eloquent areas were identified in these patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the event of a seizure, the surgical field was filled with ice-cold Ringer's solution, and in half of the cases, an additional 1 mg of clonazepam was administered intravenously, resulting in regression of convulsive activity and restoration of consciousness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The following abnormalities were found on post- operative head CT (24 hours after surgery): haema- toma in 3 patients (12%) and venous stroke in one patient (4%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No reoperation was needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Except for one ASA-4 patient, no patient required ICU observa- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this case, the patient had a severe chronic ob- structive pulmonary disease and pulmonary tumours compressing the aorta that required transfer to the ICU for 24 hours of observation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Postoperative follow- up was good in all patients (including the ASA-4 case)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A death in the late postoperative period (7 th day after AC) was caused by a pulmonary embolism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SAP, DAP, and MAP changed significantly during the analysed points in time (c 2 = 45.40, P < 0.001; c 2 = 33.56, P < 0.001; c 2 = 21.94, P < 0.001, respec- tively)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These alterations were within the clinically accepted range during the measurements and did not exceed 20% of the initial values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "SAP was lower at T30 (P = 0.001), T60 (P < 0.001), and Tpo (P < 0.001) vs. T0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "DAP decreased at T30 (P = 0.002), T60 (P < 0.001), and Tpo (P < 0.001) vs. T0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "MAP decreased at T60 (P = 0.001) vs. T0 (Figure 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "HR altered significantly at the analysed points of time (c 2 = 34.20, P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "HR decreased at Tpo vs. T0 (P = 0.001) (Figure 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Those changes were unim- portant (20% change from the initial value)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The saturation did not change significantly at the analysed points in time, and at no point in time was it less than 94%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "EtCO 2 did not change consid- erably during the analysed points of time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "PaCO 2 and PaO 2 increased over time (c 2 = 14.38, P = 0.002; c 2 = 9.70, P = 0.021); however, neither parameter"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most patients perceived AC as a positive (50%) or neutral (27%) experience (see 'Postoperative short psychological questionnaire' , question 1 and Figure 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "18% of patients assessed AC as a negative experi- ence, and 6% of patients would not undergo awake surgery again (see 'Postoperative Short Psychologi- cal Questionnaire' , question 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The post operative interviews with patients showed that the greatest sources of discomfort and pain were clamping, op- erating position, limited field of vision, and staff be- haviour, which can lead to iatrogenic disorders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fac- tors that patients mentioned as a source of support (see 'Postoperative Short Psychological Question- naire' , Question 2) were as follows: extensive com- munication, a relaxed atmosphere, feedback from an operator (especially positive), attendance of a neu- rophysiologist and psychologist, and mental prepa- ration before operation by members of a specialized The mapping of the eloquent areas of the brain cortex was performed based on correct word articu- lation (aloud counting from 1 to 10) and the name of the presented images in 81% of the cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "During the stimulation of the cerebral cortex, only 3 patients suffered speech deterioration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Two of them had a mi- nor speech deficit of 1/2 intensity, and in one case, the speech deteriorated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this single case, partial resection of the left cingulate gyrus resulted in aki- netic mutism - speech disorder in grade 0/2, which improved after logopaedic therapy in the postopera- tive period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Patients who had intraoperative seizure attacks did not show any speech disorders."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring was performed in 96% of AC patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Electrical map- ping of the cerebral cortex allowed the identification of the motor cortex in 50% of patients and the sub- cortical structures in 12% of the cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Preoperatively, muscle force was 5/5 in 85% of patients and 4/5 in 2 patients, using the Lovett scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Unaltered muscle force was observed postoperatively in 88% of the pa- tients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Postoperatively, one patient decreased from 5 to 4 on the Lovett scale and 2 others from 5 to 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, one patient with a score of 4/5 was tem- porarily paralyzed after surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sensory function measured after cortex or peripheral stimulation was evaluated in 62% of patients, and in 22% of cases the sensory cortex was successfully stimulated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "None of the operated patients reported quantitative or qualita- tive disturbances during surgery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Brainstem auditory- evoked potentials were recorded in 15% of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The latency and amplitude of peaks I-IV, II, III, and V, as well as the interpeak latency of I-III and III-V, were close to the initial values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of all patients eli- gible for AC, 73% had a previous diagnosis of epi- lepsy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Suppressive treatment in 74% of the patients required an antiepileptic drug, and 26% required 2 different drugs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "AC is a technique developed for maximizing re- section while preserving neurological function [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multiple studies have documented that CS based on low doses of dexmedetomidine, along with neuro monitoring, is a feasible approach [18-20]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dexmedetomidine-based CS with a scalp block without instrumental airway support in conjunc- tion with psychologist support provides good qual- ity intraoperative sedation for AC, even during long surgical procedures requiring intraoperative mag- netic resonance imaging."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The protocol of anaes- thetic management proposed in this study allows one to achieve a good quality of analgesia while still maintaining sedation with fast recovery to full consciousness for neuropsychological monitoring after cessation of dexmedetomidine infusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is comfortable and not too demanding for the pa- tient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The clinical study showed that the anaesthe- tics used in this protocol did not significantly influ- ence cardiovascular and respiratory parameters."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Operative conditions were good according to the surgeon's opinion and the modified Bristow scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The quality of the monitored brain potentials, as well as neuropsychological monitoring, was satis- factory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not observe symptoms of cough, nausea, vomiting, agitation, anxiety, brain swell- ing, or haemostatic disorders intraoperatively, as reported in the literature [18, 21]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 4, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Various anaesthetic management strategies for AC are being utilized; however, there are no clear recommendations [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Several authors have re- searched propofol-remifentanil and dexmedetomi- dine-based sedation, but only a few comparative studies have been performed [22-24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dexmedeto- midine has been reported to depress the cardio- vascular system by relaxing the autonomic system, increasing the risk of global or regional hypoper- fusion of the brain [25, 26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, in our study, no clinically significant influence on cardiovascular or respiratory parameters was observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR decreased significantly at T30 and T60 compared to initial values and continued at that level until 60 min after discontinuation of sedation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is noteworthy that these changes did not reach clinical significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Similar results were reported in another retrospective observation on a large cohort of patients, where the doses of dexmedetomidine used in that trial (up to 1.7 µg kg -1 h -1 ) were higher than what was proposed in this study [21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, due to the limited group of patients in our study, the impact of dexmedetomidine on the cardiovas- cular system requires further investigation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also marked that, except for one case, pa- tients were not admitted to the intensive care unit, due to stable immediate postoperative status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Af- ter AC, patients were taken to a postoperative re- covery room for 2-3 hours and then transferred to the neurosurgery unit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They were allowed to drink a few hours later."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The next day, they were mobilized after the completion of the postoperative head CT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The duration of hospitalization was as short as 48 to 72 hours in 2 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The remaining patients required longer hospitalizations due to neurologi- cal dysfunctions or fear of delayed new neurologi- cal complications and inadequate supervision after being sent home."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is noteworthy that because of the short patient hospitalization after AC, the cost Bogusława Ewa Lechowicz-Głogowska, Agnieszka Uryga, Artur Weiser, et al. of the entire procedure would be greatly reduced compared to general anaesthesia [27, 28]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study protocol, a sedation level of -1/-3 on the RASS scale was maintained up to meningeal closure, and tests were frequently per- formed to warn the operator of possible white matter injury that could cause further emo- tional, memory, or character disorders [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The level of sedation was also monitored with BIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is well documented that the RASS scale and BIS are correlated with the level of sedation [30, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such a correlation was also found in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As reported previously [32], we did not observe a significant change in BIS values under seda- tion with dexmedetomidine RASS -1/-2, but we observed lower BIS values after a bolus of propo- fol and initiating deeper anaesthesia (RASS -3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The time to achieve complete consciousness for a patient was 3-5 min (from RASS -1/-2), up to 10-13 min (RASS: -3) after stopping dexmedeto- midine, and is consistent with other research."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This study showed that RASS -2/-3, corresponding to BIS 98-50, is comfortable for the patient while al- lowing them to regain complete cooperativeness in a few minutes at any time during surgery to allow neuro and psychological evaluation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The risk of seizures triggered by electrical brain stimulation is a common adverse event during brain mapping."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study has shown that dexmedetomi- dine does not influence epileptiform discharges in EEG after IV infusion [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In cases without EEG, continuous free-running EMG recordings during the surgical removal procedure were successfully used to identify increased EMG activity and possible im- minent seizure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The 15% incidence of intraoperative seizures experienced in our study was within the range described in the literature [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The seizures were predominantly caused by relatively high- intensity stimulation, which usually exceeds 10 mA despite the use of 50-Hz stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In 3 cases the seizures were generalized, and in one case it was a focal seizure, and all were stopped with irriga- tion with Ringer solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Half of the patients who experienced seizures had motor deterioration, but the motor functions of the remaining patients were stable despite preoperative weakness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The quality of the monitored brain potentials did not change from the initial value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It was pre- viously shown that appropriate dosing of dexme- detomidine is crucial to avoid its suppressive effect on motor function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The motor function changes observed in our patients were a consequence of tumour removal manoeuvres rather than a direct pharmacological influence on cerebral blood flow that affected motor function [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients who regu larly performed simple and complex motor tasks to assess agility and muscle strength were well tolerated by them and did not alter the progress of the operation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results obtained from motor function monitoring were informative for the sur- geon and anaesthesiologist and consistent with the postoperative neurological achievements of the pa- tients [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Intraoperatively and postoperatively, all patients did not complain of sensory disturbance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The indications for the use of CS for AC are in- creasing: all grade 1-2 WHO gliomas, basilar artery aneurysms, and other complex aneurysms, deep brain stimulation, cerebellopontine tumours, and pa- tients with complex comorbidities and obesity [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, according to recent recommenda- tions, some of the patients included in this study would have been disqualified from using the AAA technique or any other type of CS for AC using pro- pofol, fentanyl, or remifentanil due to severe obe- sity, difficult airways, and severe respiratory and car- diovascular comorbidities due to an unacceptable increase in risks of severe intraoperative complica- tions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, most anaesthetists would have excluded some of the surgical positions (park bench, sitting, prone) if a different type of sedation were used."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pa- tients with severe comorbidities or obesity are the best candidates for the techniques presented in this study becuase many complications can be avoided."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Neuropsychological examination, which was not affected by dexmedetomidine, allowed efficient pro- tection of language and cognitive skills."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It was shown that dexmedetomidine did not block differentiation between congruent and incongruent language tasks based on the presence of N400 and is recommended during craniotomy [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is worth mentioning that 50% of the patients had language disturbances before surgery, but only 30% of the electrical map- pings allowed the identification of cortical language epicentres."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After the operation, deterioration of the language was observed in 4 cases (15%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The preoperative psychological evaluation was an important part of our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The patients in our study were evaluated by the psychologist not only before AC but also during the total procedure and 24-48 hours after AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The presence of a psycholo- gist during the whole procedure (in the operating room) is not a standard element of the procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Previous studies have shown that hypnosis could be used successfully in the paediatric population dur- ing AC for the resection of brain tumours located close to eloquent areas [38] and during AC of low- grade gliomas [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, we expected that, similarly to hypnosis, the presence of a psychologist would encourage patients to gain motivation and safety during AC and decrease the risk of conversion to general anaesthesia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our experience indicates that building patient trust and comfort can increase the chances of a positive patient experience during the long-lasting procedure and after hospital discharge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0050__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The detailed psychological evaluation of patients in terms of early and late postoperative stress injury will be a matter of a separate report."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The age distribution in our group of patients was as follows: one case was < 20 years, 7 cases were between 20 and 40 years, 14 cases were between 40 and 65 years, and 4 cases were > 65 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The reac- tivity of sedative-analgesic agents could depend on age [40, 41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test did not show significant differences in the total dose of dexmedetomidine (c2 = 2.65; P = 0.265), which is in line with other studies on the pharmacodynam- ics and pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine [42]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The anaesthetic protocol during AC is still under investigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Abazieu [43] reported that remifent- anil could be an independent risk factor for adverse events during AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Remifentanil can depress the re- spiratory centre in the brain and cause nausea and vomiting, leading to respiratory insufficiency, pro- longed hypoventilation, and conversion to general anaesthesia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It should be noted that a combination of this opioid with propofol is generally recom- mended and used (including in the author's cen- tre) for the AAA protocol of anaesthesia [43]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This sedation procedure probably should be questioned, especially if we recognize that already impaired neuronal function in operated patients, due to any further imbalance, might be irreversibly damaged."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It has been shown that in older patients anaesthetized with remifentanil and propofol, there were higher incidences of cognitive deterioration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Such mental disorders were not observed in patients sedated with dexmedetomidine and propofol [44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0052__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Further- more, the other authors underlined the negative impact of propofol on cognitive functions, which can mask real neuronal dysfunction and cognitive impairment that must be minimized during AC [45]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This observational clinical study has limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The procedures performed were long (about 5 hours on average), which can affect the patient's comfort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, dexmedetomidine-based sedation led to physiologically similar sleep with immediate \"on- demand\" arousal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other studies on dexmedetomi- dine sedation have analysed much shorter proce- dures in retrospective research, which could have an impact on the conclusions [25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Secondly, we only analysed clinical parameters a few moments from the start of dexmedetomidine infusion to 60 minutes after infusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we noticed that all monitored parameters were stable from T60 until the end of the surgery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, although anaes- thetic management was similar for all analysed pa- tients, some subjects required a bolus of propofol or mida zolam during head closure to maintain pa- tient comfort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The synergistic effect of these chosen supplements deepens anaesthesia without the risk of adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, the relaxation of the brain and the operative conditions were based on the observation of an experienced neurosurgeon."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The modified Bristow scale seems to be a suitable tool to access for brain relaxation assessment, but it is subjective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, the character of this study was prospective without a control group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the lack of adequate control was not perceived as a major deficiency in the study design."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This research has been designed as uncontrolled due to previous experiences in the AAA procedure that propofol and opioid sedation led to respiratory depression, uncon- trolled movements, poor arousal quality, long recov- ery to cooperative consciousness, and high risk of re- spiratory complications during AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the number of patients who met the inclusion criteria for AC was minimal at that time in our centre."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Given these limitations, a multicentre study with a control group would provide more reliable data and improve the generalizability of these observations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CS with dexmedetomidine and scalp block can provide a safe and comfortable anaesthesia pro- cedure during AC for the surgeon and the patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It allows the implementation of advanced, multi- level intellectual tests, where perioperative psycho- logical support plays an important role."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Smooth in- duction and arousal with a cooperative patient are possible with the presented anaesthetic method, even during long-lasting procedures (5-6 hours)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__original__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Further observations and comparative trials are needed to conclude the best anaesthetic protocol for AC procedures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4470__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor, We read with great interest the recent study “Awake craniotomy with dexmedetomidine during resection of brain tumours located in eloquent regions” presented by Lechowicz-Głogowska et al. [ 1] and the method used to perform awake craniotomy (AC) in the authors’ centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although AC is considered as a gold standard of management during resection of intra-axial lesions in proximity to eloquent cortical and subcortical regions, until now a uniform consensus on anaesthetic management has not been established, as the authors rightly pointed out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, we would like to acknowledge and congratulate the authors for their effort to perform the study on such an interesting and still uncommonly used anaesthetic technique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Proper selection of patients for elective AC in conscious sedation (CS) is a key factor determining the success of the whole procedure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After reading the article we would like to raise a few issues concerning selection criteria and the standard of the AC procedure presented by the authors which need clarification."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4470__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the authors stated that the selection criterion for the operation was a good neurological status of the patient (unfortunately “good neurological status” was not defined precisely), data presented in Table 1 show that there were also people in the study group who were graded 13 points on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have some doubts whether it was possible to explain the details of the operation to patients with such a low score and to ensure that the special requirements for the intraoperative interaction between the patient and the medical team were properly and reliably understood by the patient."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We have further doubts about selecting for ACs under CS patients with severe obesity, anticipated difficult airway, and severe respiratory (lung tumour compressing the aorta) and cardiovascular comorbidities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our opinion, such patients meet the criteria for a predicted anatomical and physiological difficult airway, and in the context of restricted access to the patient, emergency airway management would be extremely challenging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The risk of severe complications related to airway management (including death and brain damage) was outlined in the excellent British NAP4 study, which showed the significance of proper identification of patients at risk of difficult airway and the need for advance planning to reduce the risk of a fatal outcome [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4470__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Table 2, the authors indicate that they encountered four difficult intubations in 15% of operated patients but did not explain the reasons for instrumentation on the airways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We also noticed that some patients were operated on in positions that could pose additional difficulties with access to the airways, if needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to the information found in the article there was a group of patients who were operated on in a prone position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Postoperative survey carried out in our centre revealed that one third of patients who were operated on in conscious sedation in a neutral or lateral position complained about discomfort."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We expect that staying in a prone position during lengthy (over 6 hours) procedures may be challenging for a conscious patient [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4470__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We strongly agree with the authors’ opinion that dexmedetomidine can be an excellent choice in AC surgery but have some concerns about the choice of less controllable midazolam and oxycodone as a supplement to sedation and analgesia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__critique__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree with the authors that further studies are needed to confirm the best and safest anaesthetic protocol for awake craniotomy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4470__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dear Editor, We are responding to the questions raised by our colleagues from Warsaw (commentary by Surówka et al.) [ 1] following the publication of our study “Awake craniotomy with dexmedetomidine during resection of brain tumours located in eloquent regions” [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We appreciate this discussion, as it could enhance the management of patients undergoing the awake craniotomy procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The proper patient selection for awake craniotomy (AC) under conscious sedation (CS) is an important factor that influences possible adverse events during the procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, in our study, a psychologist carefully evaluated each patient at least one day before the procedure to identify the risk factors of uncooperativeness, overwhelming stress, and an inability to understand and follow commands or answer questions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients with significant intellectual or psychiatric disorders were disqualified from AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Some patients with somnolence, aphasia or motor impairment were recognised as candidates for AC under CS because they could cooperate and answer questions once aroused, which was confirmed by the psychologist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In our study, we defined patients as having a “good neurological status” if they passed all psychological tests preoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Additionally, in our group, only one patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 14 points, and the rest had a GCS of 15 points (Table 1 should show GCS 14–15: n = 26, and GCS 8–13, n = 0)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "However, in our opinion, GCS is not appropriate and sufficient to describe a patient’s psychological and intellectual condition in the context of selection for AC, although commonly used to define neurological status [3, 4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It may be surprising that even patients with previous psychiatric diseases, as well as those with a poor performance status (Karnofsky scale: < 70 points), were selected for AC and CS in other centres."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A significant correlation between an increase in intraoperative emotional intolerance, and further complications (uncooperativeness, respiratory insufficiency, conversion to general anaesthesia with intubation, or other instrumental upper airway support) during AC and CS, below 70 points of the Karnofsky scale has been noted [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0062__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "This issue was addressed in other studies, which included patients with various neurosurgical procedures of AC/CS, based on dexmedetomidine sedation [5–7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "AC under dexmedetomidine-based CS is routinely performed in our centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To date, we have operated on about 70 patients for brain tumour resection, and we noted no adverse events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All those procedures were completed successfully without conversion to general anaesthesia or any impact on respiration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The psychological, psychiatric, and intellectual risk factors of adverse events associated with AC under CS were also of interest to us, but they will be presented in a separate publication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients with severe comorbidities are at higher risk for conversion to general anaesthesia and instrumental airway support, during AC/CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This includes obese (BMI 30–35) and severely obese patients (BMI 35–40)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The issue is that surgery close to eloquent areas of the brain poses the risk of injury and postoperative disability."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "AC increases the chance of the best postoperative neurological and intellectual result, preservation of multilingual skills, instrument playing, artistic skills and personality structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "To date, only intraoperative performance helps to preserve these skills."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "It is better to open up the chance for the patient than to risk irreversible disability and social disclosure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The study by Garavaglia et al. [ 8] presented three cases of successful AC under CS: one with severe obesity, one with asthma and one with a lung tumour."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0063__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Recently other authors [9] presented a unique case of a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome who underwent two operations within a short period: the first under general anaesthesia and the second, successful AC/CS for resecting a large cyst in the third ventricle that was causing obstructive hydrocephalus and a risk of a brain inclination."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 1, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree that “difficult airways” is the “pearl” of AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The head fixed in the Mayfield clamp makes it challenging to instrumentally support the upper airways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This procedure requires constant high attention, preparation and training of all surgical team members."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Only staff (such as the neuro-anaesthesiologist and anaesthetic nurses) who are aware and experienced in AC/CS nuances can perform such procedures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Manual support through a face mask, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal tubes, laryngeal mask airway (LMA), videolaryngoscope, and fibrescope must be on hand, ready to be used by trained personnel, if needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is recommended in all anticipated and unexpected difficult intubations [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the presented cohort of patients, we based our anticipation of difficult intubation on standard criteria (Mallampati classification, thyromental distance, head and neck movement, inter incisor gap) and the above-mentioned instrumentation was always prepared."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To date, there has been no need to support upper airways in presented cases, as well as in all other AC/CS cases for brain tumour resection in our centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A report by Gruenbaum et al. [ 11] studied and presented the successful, fast, and useful ways of upper airway support during AC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "This report showed that the most successful and fastest method (32 seconds) was LMA (laryngeal mask), followed by intubation on bougie/through LMA insertion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Videolaryngoscopic intubation and nasal/fibrescope intubation took longer (60–90 seconds and 70–120 seconds, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Cricothyroidotomy was effective only in 40% of cases in the context of ventilation, whereas tracheotomy done by an experienced surgeon was more effective [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Respiratory insufficiency, even asystole, was reported by some authors, during AC [12, 13]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0064__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Various factors can cause respiratory insufficiency, not only the sedative drugs, as commonly believed, but electrical stimulation, neurophysiological monitoring, aspiration, epilepsy with trismus and tongue biting with bleeding, severe comorbidities, obesity, other rear diseases, and medications [13, 14] All the above aspects should be analysed individually for candidates for AC [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient positioning for neurosurgical procedures is dictated by the need to assess brain lesions and the neurosurgeon’s preference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In some cases, one can discuss altered positioning, if it is possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lateral, park bench, prone, semi-sitting, and sitting positions are commonly used in neurosurgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The need for upper airway instrumentation in prone and park bench positions is of the highest risk of failed intubation and ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our centre, no patients were operated on in the prone position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the paper, it was given as the concern of anaesthesiologists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0065__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, the study of Takami et al. [ 5] presented cases in lateral, park bench, sitting and semi-sitting positions for AC/CS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our study [1], small doses of fentanyl or midazolam were used for patient comfort only for the closing phase of the surgery if needed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Five patients were given 0.05–0.10 mg of fentanyl in boluses of 0.05 mg and two patients received 1.0 mg of midazolam when neurophysiological and psychological assessments were finished."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No impact on respiration was observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other reports on AC/CS show no adverse impact on such management [5, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We did not use oxycodone during the surgery; it was used for postoperative pain control, but from observations on ropivacaine with adrenaline scalp block, excellent pain control up to 8–12 hours was possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4470", "paragraph_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We believe that the development of robotic surgery opens a new approach to anaesthetic management, and AC/CS is becoming common for more neurosurgical procedures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even recently, CS has been used for other surgery, such as deep brain stimulus: for Parkinson’s disease, obsessive-compulsive disorder, severe obesity, depression, psychiatric diseases, and many others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The indications for intraoperative neuro-psycho-monitoring are still increasing."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is an urgent need to develop a mode of anaesthetic management that is safe and comfortable for the patient, and that is suitable for all groups of patients, including those with severe comorbidities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4470__response__p0067__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We hope that our study is a small step in this direction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4470/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313388218_W4384570692_W4384570539", "triad_name": "triad_4470", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4470__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Citrus, like many other woody species, flower profusely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Mediterranean area, flower induction takes place in autumn/ winter and the main blossoming in spring (Sherman and Beckman, 2003)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Current knowledge discriminates between exogenous and endogenous components for regulating flower- ing biology in citrus (Krajewski and Rabe, 1995; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The former mainly includes climatic factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, environmental cues such as temperature or photoperiod, and stress conditions (e.g. water deficit or sal- inity), have been reported as modulators of flowering responses (Agustí, 1999; Valiente and Albrigo, 2004)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, endogenous factors are essentially genetic and/or hormonal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Phytohormones, such as cytokinins, polya- mines or gibberellins, are known to participate to a certain extent in the physiological processes regulating flower induc- tion or differentiation (Koshita et al., 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, gibberellins have been traditionally considered as essential inhibitors of flower bud induction (Mutasa-Gottgens and Hedden, 2009)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, the presence of fruit has also been found to be an inhibitor of flowering in fruit trees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The response of flower- ing to fruit load has been reported in numerous species (Garner and Lovatt, 2008; Spinelli et al., 2009; Rosenstock et al., 2010), including citrus (Monselise and Goldschmidt, 1982)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This behaviour basically consists in the fluctuating production between heavy fruit yields (on year) followed by scarce ones (off year)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, the inhibitory effect of fruit in flower for- mation depends on both the number of fruits developed and the harvest date (El-Otmani et al., 2004; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hormonal factors, competition for nutrients or even changes in carbohydrate and mineral status (Goldschmidt et al., 1985; Valiente and Albrigo, 2004; Baninasab et al., 2007; Rohla et al., 2007) appear to participate in the regulation processes, although the way in which the presence of fruit affects flowering and the nature of the regulatory mechanisms remains unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, the development of genomic and transcriptomic tools has contributed to a better understanding of the metabolic and molecular processes involved in floral biology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most of our knowledge about flower induction has come from studying flowering regulatory genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (Komeda, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These genes appear to be extraordinarily conserved in woody species (Brunner and Nilsson, 2004), and previous research has demonstrated that many of them even share roles and/or metabolic pathways (Greenup et al., 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, current evidence assumes that flowering is the result of complex interactions at the metabolic and molecular level involving multiple promoter and inhibitor genes (Moon et al., 2005; Michaels and Michaels, 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Regarding citrus, several studies have recently been conducted to eluci- date the molecular mechanisms involved in flower formation and differentiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A first approach on citrus was developed by Peña et al. ( 2001), who demonstrated through plant trans- formation the role of APETALA1 (AP1) and LEAFY (LFY) genes in juvenile phase development."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Later studies have ident- ified and/or isolated in this species these (CsAP1, CsLFY; Pillitteri et al., 2004b) and other regulatory genes involved in both the determination of the flowering time and floral iden- tity processes (see Dornelas et al., 2007)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The regulatory role of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene has been identified in numerous species (Turk et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2010) including citrus (Endo et al., 2005; Nishikawa et al., 2007), and the encoded protein (FT protein) associated with the mythic 'florigen' (Yu et al., 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other genes, like CONSTANS (CO) or SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) have been reported to integrate signals from different pathways and, at least in Arabidopsis, are involved in promoting vegeta- tive to reproductive tissues (Borner et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2000; Onouchi et al., 2000; Komeda, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, CO participates in upstream and complex regulatory pathways, whereas SOC1 appears to act downstream (Dornelas et al., 2007)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) represses flowering; high transcript levels have been found in late- flowering mutants, suggesting a central role of this gene in the control of flowering time, mainly through the vernalization pathway (Sheldon et al., 2000; Michaels et al., 2005)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even though other repressor genes of flowering, like TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), have been isolated from 'Washington' navel sweet orange (CsTFL; Pillitteri et al., 2004a) and corre- lated positively with juvenility, rigorous information about the function of FLC in citrus is not yet available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, alternate bearing is the result of complex meta- bolic and molecular regulatory pathways affecting flowering induction and floral identity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The phenomenon has been largely explained as a crop load dependency and, although the factors modulating the processes involved have recently been studied for diverse species and key genes regulating flow- ering identified, we lack knowledge about the effects of crop load and the molecular mechanisms involved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this work, for the first time, the effects of fruit on the expression of puta- tive homologues of genes involved in flowering pathways were analysed to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus due to crop load."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study involved field grown 12-year-old trees of 'Moncada' mandarin [Clementina 'Oroval' (Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan.) × 'Kara' mandarin [C. unshiu (Swingle) Marcow. × C. nobilis Lour.] trees, grafted onto 'Carrizo' citrange [C. sinensis Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] rootstock, planted 5 m × 5 m apart."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Experimental fields were located in the IVIA Research Station (Moncada, Spain)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Trees of this cultivar exhibit a marked alternate-bearing behaviour."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To examine the effect of fruit load on flowering, 25 trees were randomly selected for their uniformity in size and vigour at spring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Total yield per tree was determined by count- ing and weighing all fruits at harvest (April), and flowering intensity was evaluated in spring as follows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Four branches per tree of three ages (late spring, summer and autumn sprouts) with some 300 nodes per branch were previously selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both the number of sprouted nodes and sprouts were counted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The flowers per sprout were also counted, obtaining the results as the number of flowers per 100 nodes to compensate for the differences in size of the selected branches."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Defruiting experiments were performed on another set of 24 trees using four levels of fruit removal (0, 33 %, 66 % and 100 %)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Treatments were performed at the onset of stage II of fruit development (July)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A randomized complete-block design was used in the experiments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From early September to the end of February, 30 fully developed mature adult leaves per tree from on (fully loaded) and off trees (without fruits) were collected for RNA extractions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Samples were pooled into three groups, and immediately ground and stored at - 80 8C until analysed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Total RNA was isolated from frozen tissue using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "RNA samples were treated with RNase free DNase (Qiagen) through column purification following the manufacturer's instructions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "RNA quality was tested by OD 260 /OD 280 ratio and gel electrophoresis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "RNA concentration was determined by fluorometric assays with the RiboGreen dye (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) according to manufacturer's instructions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Three fluorometric assays per RNA sample were performed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was performed with a LightCycler 2 . 0 Instrument (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) equipped with LightCycler Software version 4 . 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One-step RT-PCR was carried out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Reactions con- tained 2 . 5 units of MultiScribe Reverse Transcriptase (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 1 unit of RNase Inhibitor (Applied Biosystems), 2 mL LC FastStart DNA MasterPLUS SYBRGreen I (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), 25 ng total RNA and 250 nM of the specific forward and reverse primers of each gene in a total volume of 10 mL. Incubations were carried out at 48 8C for 30 min, 95 8C for Muñoz-Fambuena et al. - Fruit regulation of flowering gene expression in citrus 512 10 min followed by 45 cycles at 95 8C for 2 s, 58 8C for 8 s and 72 8C for 8 s. Fluorescent intensity data were acquired during the 72 8C-extension step and transformed into relative mRNA values using a 10-fold dilution series of an RNA sample as a standard curve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Relative mRNA levels were then normalized to total RNA amounts as previously described (Bustin, 2002; Hashimoto et al., 2004) and an expression value of 1 was arbi- trarily assigned to the first sample of the on trees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Specificity of the amplification reactions was assessed by post-amplification dissociation curves and by sequencing the reaction product."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Putative genes were identified through homology search with related genes from an EST database of a random 5 ′ 'Clemenules' mandarin (C. clementina Hort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ex Tan.) full- length cDNA library (Terol et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Synthetic oligonu- cleotides were designed to amplify the gene from the selected clones and, as stated before, sequenced for confirmation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Details about the forward and reverse primers are listed in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Parameters were statistically tested by analyses of variance (ANOVA), using the least significant differences (LSD) test for means separation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The experimental data were analysed with Statgraphics Plus 5 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1 software (Statistical Graphics, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A significant inverse relationship between preceeding fruit load and flowering intensity was found in 'Moncada' mandarin (r ¼ -0 . 93; P ≤ 0 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "05; n ¼ 25; Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Considering the results, the larger the crop load the lower the flowering intensity, with a breaking point of about 50 kg tree 21 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Above this fruiting value, flowering was independent of crop load and paralleled nearly nil values."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although statistically significant, this relationship does not imply causality, therefore further experiments were carried out to demonstrate the direct effect of fruit removal upon flow- ering."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As expected, control on trees (non-defruited, fully loaded) showed the lowest number of flowers (0 . 5 flowers/ 100 nodes, on average), in comparison with those completely defruited, which presented the highest number of flowers (142 flowers/100 nodes)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Intermediate fruit loads (33 % and 66 % defruited trees) resulted in intermediate flowering intensities (Fig. 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effect of fruit removal on flowering was also evident on fruit set and yield assessment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The higher the flowering inten- sity, the larger the crop load (data not shown)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The magnitude of the response, however, depended on the time of fruit removal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, removal of all fruits in August, September or October did not affect flowering in spring (100 - 135 flowers/ 100 nodes; Fig. 3); however, when fruit removal was per- formed from November onwards, a dramatic inhibition of flowering was observed the following spring (,10 flowers/ 100 nodes)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The time-course of CiFT expression in leaves throughout the study was strongly affected by fruit load (Fig. 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Significant differences in mRNA transcripts were detected between on and off trees from October onwards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The expression in off tree leaves increased progressively, becoming more than 10-fold higher than that of on tree leaves in December, and remaining almost constant up to late in February."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CiFT tran- scripts in on tree leaves did not significantly vary within the study period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The time-course of SOC1 relative expression in leaves was also higher in off trees than in on trees (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Differences were statistically significant from early September to mid-December, becoming highest in November (close to 50 % higher for off trees)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From early January onwards, differ- ences between treatments were not statistically significant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 6 shows the time-course of FLC expression in leaves from on and off trees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From September to mid-December, no differences in gene expression between treatments were found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In January, however, levels of mRNA transcripts mark- edly increased in on trees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From January until the end of the study, expression in on tree leaves remained between 1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "6- and 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "8-fold higher than in off tree leaves."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Expression of CsTFL in leaves was slightly reduced from September to mid-November; afterwards, it continuously increased up to the end of February, when it was .3 times the amount measured in November (Fig. 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No significant differences were found between leaves from on and off trees during the study period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CsAP1 and CsLFY revealed different patterns of change in response to fruit load (Fig. 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "CsAP1 expression remained almost constant from early October up to the middle of December."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "During this period, expression values were 3 - 5 times lower in on trees than in off trees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From December onwards expression increased in both cases and, although minor in magnitude, significant differences between on and off trees were also found until the end of February."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, CsLFY expression progressively increased from September to the middle of December (15- to 20-fold)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After a transitory reduction in January, expression considerably aug- mented towards the end of February, reaching values between 30 and 50 times those registered in September."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Differences between on and off trees were only significant at the end of the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In late February, CsLFY expression in off trees was significantly higher than that found in on trees (close to 20 %)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Alternate bearing has been associated primarily with the pres- ence of fruit (Verreynne and Lovatt, 2009; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to the literature, it is assumed that crop load alters both flower induction and floral bud differen- tiation (Valiente and Albrigo, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Particularly, in citrus, flower induction has been reported to occur late in autumn, whereas differentiation occurs afterwards (Iglesias et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recent molecular approaches support this scheme, dis- tinguishing between genes regulating flowering induction and those regulating floral differentiation processes (Tadeo et al., 2008)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The present results indicate that genes regulating flower induction are strongly related to fruit load in alternate- bearing citrus trees."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fruit load acts as a strong inhibitor of flowering in numerous woody fruit tree species including citrus, although the responses vary among species and cultivars (Monselise and Goldschmidt, 1982; Valiente and Albrigo, 2004; Albrigo and Galán, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present data obtained for 'Moncada' man- darin confirmed, once again, a non-linear fruit load - flowering intensity relationship (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, since this relationship does not necessarily imply causality, convincing evidence that fruit load is directly responsible for reducing flowering inten- sity was provided by means of defruiting treatments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Trees maintaining all developed fruits up to maturation hardly flow- ered (5 flowers/100 nodes, on average), whereas those fully defruited at the onset of stage II of fruit development flowered profusely (142 flowers/100 nodes, on average)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Trees defruited at an intermediate intensity (33 % and 66 % of developing fruitlets) flowered intermediately as well."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, because no differences were found between 33 % and 66 % of fruit removal (16 and 22 flowers/100 nodes, respectively) the effect does not appear to be strictly quantitative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results support the hypothesis that the fruit load - flower- ing intensity relationship is not a linear function and this coincides with previous reports suggesting that there might be a threshold value for crop load, dependent on the variety and physiological status, above which flowering is strongly inhibited (Agustí et al., 1992; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It has been previously reported that flower inhibition due to crop load also depends on the length of time the fruit remains on the tree (see review by Monselise and Goldschmidt, 1982)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Considering the present data for 'Moncada' mandarin, fruit Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Relative CsTFL expression Jan Feb 1 2 On Off Muñoz-Fambuena et al. - Fruit regulation of flowering gene expression in citrus 515 remaining on the tree did not affect return bloom (100 - 120 flowers/100 nodes) up to November; however, fruit remaining on the tree from November onwards dramatically reduced flowering (values close to 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, effective inhibition time of fruit load began between October and November."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This period has been associated with the fruit reaching its maximum size (Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010), or with peel ripening (García-Luis et al., 1986)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In any event, fruit drasti- cally inhibits flowering from November onwards, suggesting that there is a point of no return for induction of quiescent buds, and that some irreversible physiological, metabolic or molecular events induced by presence of fruit must be respon- sible for inhibition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This hypothesis is supported by the fact that bud sensitivity to gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) inhibiting flower- ing occurs at this moment (García-Luis et al., 1986)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mechanism whereby fruit load affects flowering intensity is not completely understood, although several regulatory factors have been described."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Early observations linked carbo- hydrate and nitrogen metabolism to the process (Goldschmidt et al., 1985; Lovatt et al., 1988); however, recent studies demon- strated that carbohydrate or nitrogen status are involved in nutri- tional or storage adjustments rather than in the floral process directly (Reig et al., 2006; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several studies have linked flowering intensity to bud sprouting, showing that changes in flowering intensity paralleled changes in the summer/autumn shoot number (Verreynne and Lovatt, 2009; Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010), and also illustrated that the higher the fruit load the lower the number of sprouted nodes in spring (Martínez-Fuentes et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, environmental factors can modulate flowering through modifications in the physiology of shoot development or even in key metabolic path- ways (Agustí, 1999)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nonetheless, knowledge about factors affecting flowering has considerably increased, but data do not provide enough information to understand the mechanisms through which the fruit controls the process of flowering."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, molecular and genomic approaches have been con- sidered important tools to shed light on the complex physiologi- cal and metabolic pathways leading to flowering."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In recent years, numerous flowering-gene promoters and inhibitors have been identified, isolated and characterized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Extensive research has been done in A. thaliana, for which the balance between promo- ters and inhibitors is decisive for the adequate determination of flowering time and floral identity (Chon and Yang, 1999; Kobayashi et al., 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, in woody tree species, little has been done on this subject."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results presented herein regarding the expression of flowering genes affected by fruit load offer an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus trees."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In several species, flowering ability has been demonstrated to be influenced by the integration of environmental signals from the photoperiod and vernalization pathways (Onouchi et al., 2000; Amasino, 2005; Sheldon et al., 2009), mainly modulated by two floral integrators, the FT and the SOC1 genes (Kardailsky et al., 1999; Borner et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2000; Samach et al., 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both genes have been described as floral promoters and their overexpression induces early-flowering phenotypes (Lee et al., 2006; Sreekantan and Thomas, 2006; Zhang et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The FT gene has been demonstrated to be a pivotal factor controlling flowering period in numerous species (Faure et al., 2007; Chab et al., 2008; Hisamoto et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The present results support this hypothesis and further relate it to the effects of fruit load in citrus trees just as autumn/winter temperature enhances its expression (Nishikawa et al., 2007)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Leaves from off trees (high-return bloom-flowering in spring) showed significantly increased mRNA transcript levels as compared with those from on trees (low return bloom)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, whereas on trees showed stationary basal levels of expression, a progressive increase in CiFT levels was observed in leaves from off trees (Fig. 4) until December, concomitantly with a higher flowering rate the following spring (Fig. 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results demonstrate, on the one hand, that an increased FT protein constitutes a signal per se that exports from leaf to the shoot apical meris- tem, where floral differentiation takes place (Notaguchi et al., 2008) and, on the other, that a translated FT protein can be translocated to the floral meristem at any time (Lin et al., 2007; Turck et al., 2008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, the translocation pathway followed by FT protein into the apex remains unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although not always significant, SOC1 also showed higher expression levels in leaves from off trees compared with those registered for on trees, particularly during the floral induction period (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lee and Lee (2010) reported that constitutive expression of SOC1 promotes early flowering, while recessive loss-of-function seems to delay flowering (Onouchi et al., 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although isolated in only a few plant species, highly conserved homologues of this gene have been identified in numerous species, including citrus, in which the constitutive expression of several SOC1-like homol- ogues induces early flowering and delays senescence of floral organs (Tan and Swain, 2007)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this sense, the present results confirm the role of this gene in flowering resulting from alternate-bearing adult trees."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unlike the functions attributed to SOC1 and FT genes, FLC has been described to encode a MADS-domain protein able to repress flowering (Michaels and Amasino, 1999)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present data showed no differences in FLC activity between on and off trees until December (Fig. 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From this time onwards, there was a progressive increase in transcript levels in leaves from on trees, whereas those from off trees showed no change or even a slight decrease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some authors have pointed out that ver- nalization promotes flowering through a permanent epigenetic repression of FLC (Michaels and Amasino, 1999), probably through histone methylation and changes in chromatin confor- mation (Bastow et al., 2004; Sung and Amasino, 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the present study, trees with increased amounts of FLC mRNA transcripts near spring corresponded to on trees that did not flower."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, previous reports have indicated antagon- istic effects of flowering promoters and FLC on the expression of target genes leading to flowering."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study of regulatory pathways demonstrates that this gene is located upstream along the major pathways, since FT overexpression does not appear to affect FLC expression (Moon et al., 2005; Lee and Lee, 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Likewise, it has been proposed that elevated levels of FLC expression may be responsible for reductions in FT activity (Michaels et al., 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this context, the marked increase in FLC measured in the on trees from December onwards (Fig. 6) might be related to the suppression Muñoz-Fambuena et al. - Fruit regulation of flowering gene expression in citrus 516 of CiFT activity in their leaves compared with off trees (Fig. 4) and, therefore, with the inhibition of flowering."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, the results show that SOC1 expression increased in off trees before the sharp increase in CiFT, so the activation pathways appear to work, at least partially, autonomously; fur- thermore, from November onwards, SOC1 expression did not parallel the increased CiFT gene expression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is not unusual since, at least partially, self-determining regulatory mechanisms for FT and SOC1 activity have been reported recently (Lee and Lee, 2010)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, this hypothesis can be extrapolated to the molecular mechanisms affecting flower- ing through effects of fruit load."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, whereas CiFT expression was significantly higher in off trees as compared with on trees until the end of February, significant differences in SOC1 expression disappeared by the beginning of January."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although TFL1 has been described as a crucial floral timing regulator in several species (Shannon and Meeks-Wagner, 1991; Liljegren et al., 1999), in the present study no differ- ences in CsTFL expression dependent on fruit load were found (Fig. 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This gene was identified and isolated in Citrus sinensis (Pillitteri et al., 2004a) and has been proposed to participate in the development and maintenance of vegeta- tive growth, repressing flowering in several plant species (Esumi et al., 2010; Mohamed et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition Nishikawa et al. ( 2009) have reported no variations in the expression of this gene during induction and flower bud devel- opment, neither in trifoliate and deciduous Citrus-like species (P. trifoliata) nor in Satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu), indicating that this gene is related to juvenility processes rather than to annual floral transition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since there were no differences between on and off trees regarding CsTFL expression, differ- ences in flowering as a consequence of fruit load do not appear to be dependent on this gene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, AP1 and LFY genes have been reported to promote flowering in diverse species including citrus, although their primary role appears to be linked to the determination of floral identity (Pillitteri et al., 2004b)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although transgenic approaches have demonstrated that both genes strongly interact with other physiological processes, such as competition for nutrients, their constitutive expression per se reduces the juve- nility period in transgenic citrus (Peña et al., 2001; Duan et al., 2010)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, AP1 seems to be more effective and dynamic than LFY in the induction of flowering (Peña et al., 2001), orchestrating floral initiation by repressing the action of inhibitors at the level of the meristem as stated by Kaufmann et al. ( 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present results showed a reduced expression of CsAP1 in leaves in response to the pres- ence of fruit (Fig. 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Differences between the levels of expression in leaves from on and off trees were significant during the whole study period despite the reduction in these levels from January onwards."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is noteworthy that LFY activity has been associated with the control of floral meristem identity in Arabidopsis (Weigel et al., 1992)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, recent studies on fruit trees, including citrus, demonstrated that once floral identity is determined, high LFY expression levels are almost limited to reproductive organs (Pillitteri et al., 2004b)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This observation might also be linked to the absence of differences in CsLFY expression in leaves from on and off trees between September and January."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The significantly higher values found in off trees at the end of February support the main role of this gene on bud differentiation and/or floral identity rather than on inductive processes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, in Citrus fruit load inhibits flowering by repressing CiFT and SOC1 expression in leaves during the floral bud induction period, whereas CsTFL and FLC expression does not seem to be associated with fruit load."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Fruit load reduces CsAP1 gene expression in leaves during the floral bud induction period, although differences between on and off trees were attenuated from January onwards, indicat- ing the onset of floral differentiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This hypothesis is also reinforced by the significant increase in CsLFY expression found in leaves from off trees only in late February."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The FLC-increased expression in on trees from early winter onwards might well be related to the suppression of CiFT expression in their leaves and, therefore, with inhibition of flowering."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2471__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Studying a process in a new species often relies on focusing our attention to a candidate gene, encoding a protein similar to one with a known function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Not all the choices seem to be prudent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This Viewpoint includes an overview of issues that are encountered during research of candidate genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Defining a match for a gene of interest, deciding whether variation in ESTs or RNAseq data for a certain transcript, represent more than one gene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The problem of incorrect annotation of genes due to incorrect in-silico splicing, is also mentioned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The author’s humble opinion on how to deal with these issues is provided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The vast amount of new sequence data provides us with great possibilities for giant leaps in our understanding."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0051__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Still, we cannot afford to skip over the tedious steps required to confirm that we are indeed studying the correct gene, and try to be sure that the complex expression pattern we observe is not a composite of several genes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2471__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 1, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One rationale behind studying ‘model’ plants (MPS) such as arabidopsis is that different plant species are likely to use conserved mechanisms to control development, metabolism and other processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By learning from one species that is easy to study, we might extrapolate these findings to different, more complex species, which are either more important to agriculture, or simply our ‘favourite’ species (OFS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, while flowering of different plant species is mediated by different internal and external cues, it seems to be triggered by a common protein, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which functions as a universal ‘florigen’ [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The MADS box proteins that confer organ identity in flowers (termed the ABC model) are another example of conserved function [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is obvious that not everything will be the same among species, and the differences help explain why flowering plants are so diversified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Once we decide to study a certain event in OFS, we might begin by presuming nothing and start our studies with a clean slate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Many choose to also use a parallel approach in which they study ‘candidate’ genes that encode proteins that were functionally characterized in MPS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0052__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This Viewpoint discusses problems that might rise in the course of picking such candidate genes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2471__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If X and Y are identical twin dogs and someone scanned all dogs on the planet for the one that is most similar (in genome sequence) to X, they should end up with Y. If X was in a room with one more dog (Z) and several humans, a scan limited to the room would probably identify Z as most similar to X. The depth of the search clearly depends on the available dataset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If I want to identify, in OFS, a gene encoding a protein most similar in sequence to protein X from MPS, I would need to have access to the full genome of OFS, to identify the best match."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Still, I might be lucky and identify a gene encoding a protein orthologous to X from a small dataset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When can I assume that the gene I identified indeed encodes a protein that has a similar role to the one described for protein X in MPS?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is no straightforward answer to this question and there are different points of view regarding how rigorous the analysis should be before making such a statement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If XMPS and XOFS share extended homology, and mutations in each of the genes cause similar phenotypes, one might assume that these are orthologous genes which have originated from the same gene in their common ancestor and share the same function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Reaching this result would depend on how easy it is to obtain loss of function mutations in both species, and whether or not there are redundant genes that might mask the phenotype of loss of function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In many species the genome has gone through duplications or has become polyploid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Thus, reaching a loss of function phenotype becomes even more difficult."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Without loss of function phenotypes, similar expression profiles can also strengthen a choice of an orthologue among paralogues [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__critique__p0053__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Clearly, homology within functional domains is a better indicator than overall similarity, since a loss of an active site would make a paralogue into a pseudogene [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2471__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent paper, we described for the first time the effects of fruit on the expression of putative homologues of genes involved in flowering pathways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It was our aim to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, a bioinformatics-based critique of our and other related papers has been given by Samach in the preceding Viewpoint article in this issue of Annals of Botany."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The use of certain bioinformatic tools in a context of structural rather than functional genomics can cast doubts about the veracity of a large amount of data published in recent years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this response, the contentions raised by Samach are analysed, and rebuttals of his criticisms are presented."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Alternate bearing is a result of complex metabolic and molecular regulatory pathways in which flowering-related genes are strongly implicated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a recent paper published in this journal we reported, for the first time, the effects of fruit on the expression of putative homologues of genes involved in flowering pathways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was our aim to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in citrus (Citrus clementina) due to crop load."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For detailed information, please refer to our original paper [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main conclusion derived from our study was that fruit modulates seasonal expression of flowering genes in alternate-bearing ‘Moncada’ mandarin: novel and original research in the context of fruit crop physiology (indeed, the publication was awarded a Graduate Prize by the journal)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study of the expression pattern of flowering-genes of on (fully loaded) and off (without fruit) trees revealed that mainly CiFT and also floral-identity genes (CsAP1 and CsLFY) are highly involved in the process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No reference to choosing any new developmental regulator, as Samach [7] generalizes, was included in our manuscript."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, he claims that ‘the vast amount of new sequence data provides us with great possibilities for giant leaps in our understanding’, and he globally criticizes some current, frequently used methodological approaches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is certainly the case that in recent decades an astonishing advance in the development of new databases and bioinformatic tools and platforms has taken place [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, current genome programs generate large amounts of data that require significant processing, storage and delivery to the research community [8], not always resulting in a precise or complete annotation of genes and associated proteins – especially so if referred to EST collections."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous publications have already warned about the current limitations of bioinformatics [6] and in this context it is well known that, as the volume of sequence data increases exponentially, the number of genes of unknown function – and, therefore, the large amount of associated uncertainties, gaps or mismatches – does as well [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is fairly easy to understand how this excess of information may be conveniently interpreted when introduced into functional research, and likewise conclusions may be exaggerated in scenarios of in silico gene prospecting."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our opinion, however, this potential lack of precision and the continuous improvement of bioinformatic procedures should not be exploited to spread doubts about the conclusions of functional studies that are just focused on the role of previously described genes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In his Viewpoint article, Samach alerts the reader to the problems that arise when mixing new databases with old ones and their corresponding notations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the following paragraphs we will give concise evidence as to why the conclusions we presented previously are as precise as possible in terms of functionality, the main goal of our research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) To analyse the expression of those genes previously identified and sequenced in citrus based on an EST collection, the primers we used were selected for the specific amplification of the targets according to the current literature and the corresponding public annotation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Any new developmental regulator was studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Just as an example to illustrate that Samach’s assertions are not necessarily as precise as stated, we point out that when you BLAST the EST supposedly containing CiFT to public databases (i.e. NCBI) the unequivocal output is, precisely, CiFT."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, it is worth mentioning that in combining in silico the old with new and other particular non-published databases, Samach appears to ignore that the increase in the number of genes of a given family is not a reason to invalidate the functionality of a target, previously-annotated gene."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(2) To analyse the expression of those genes not yet identified or annotated, a consensus sequence formed by all EST homologues (from the Citrus Functional Genomics Project; http://bioinfo.ibmcp.upv.es/genomics/cfgpDB/) to the target Arabidopsis gene was built [2], and a specific primer was designed for amplification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This methodology (with its understandable limitations) is not new and in fact it is widely represented in the bibliography."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(3) In order to provide transparent information for the reader, we decided to include in our study, together with the sequence of the primer, a table with details about the notation of the EST with highest similitude to the target gene previously described (see point 1) or the consensus sequence designed (point 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The fact that this sequence was or was not annotated in the referenced database is not so relevant from a functional perspective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(4) Finally, the use of sequences from new, published databases (e.g. Aleza et al., 2009) instead of being from previous ones would only affect the nomenclature and codes in our published table."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2471", "paragraph_id": "triad_2471__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All things considered, we understand that the ultimate goal of functional genomics is to integrate large amounts of data so as to increase basic knowledge about key biological processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our study into the molecular mechanisms underlying alternate bearing in fruit trees is a good example – with the known limitations in the use of EST collections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2471__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "And we hope that further studies supported with new data will confirm or improve our published results – which is, after all, the ultimate goal of scientific research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2471/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2125126215_W2120762439_W2134981392", "triad_name": "triad_2471", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2471__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Chronic lower back pain is well known as a public health epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In highly developed countries, it is one of the top 3 causes of degradation in quality adjusted life years, along with ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While lumbar spine pathology is an important cause of chronic lower back pain, substantial evidence suggests that not all low back pain is due to lumbar spine pathology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The SI joint is thought to be the source of pain in up to 30% of patients evaluated for chronic lower back pain [2-5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Disorders of the SI joint may be the result of trauma, pregnancy, inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis or degeneration of the joint either de novo or after lumbar spinal fusion [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the case of lumbar spinal arthrodesis, sacroiliac joint pathology may explain delayed postoperative pain or a failure for the patient to experience symptom improvement in the early postoperative period (failed back surgery syndrome) [7, 8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Diagnosing the SI joint as the primary or sole pain generator (PG) can be complex as patients often present with a combination of low back, groin, gluteal, and/or leg pain and the symptom profile may mimic other disorders of the lumbar spine and hip [2, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, some patients present with more than one pain generator within the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis, making the identification of the primary versus secondary pain generators more challenging [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, SI joint imaging studies are typically neither sensitive nor specific to abnormalities in the absence of trauma, tumor, ankylosing spondylitis, or infection [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SI joint pain can be debilitating and treatment with non- operative care is often unsuccessful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The impact of pain on persons living with the disease is similar to that associated with other prominent orthopedic conditions routinely treated surgically [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, the economic burden of non- operative care is significant for Medicare as well as commercial payer entities with a 5-year estimated cost of $270 million for Medicare beneficiaries and a 3-year estimated cost of $1.6 billion per 100,000 commercial covered lives [12, 13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Surgical treatment options for SI joint disorders have been unattractive until relatively recently."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Open arthrodesis, commonly performed throughout the 1900s, is now reserved primarily for traumatic pelvic ring fractures due to the invasiveness of the procedure, coupled with a high morbidity rate [14-16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In recent years, several minimally invasive Rudolf and Capobianco techniques for fusing the SI joint have been introduced into the surgical repertoire [17-21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "MIS SI joint fusion for certain SI joint disorders (degenerative sacroiliitis and SI joint disruptions), specifically using a series of triangular titanium implants, has been shown to result in lower morbidity, including shorter operating times and hospital stays, fewer complications, a lower reoperation rate, and higher gains in patient quality of life compared to the open surgical method, as evidenced by a recent comparative cohort study [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current body of medical literature substantiates positive short to mid-term clinical outcomes [17, 23-25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, no long-term clinical or radiographic outcomes have been published to date."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Herein we report 5-year clinical effectiveness, safety and radiographic outcomes in patients treated with MIS SI joint fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis or sacroiliac joint disruptions using a series of triangular, porous titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated implants (iFuse Implant System ® , SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) from a single center."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All consecutive patients who underwent MIS SI joint fusion between October 2007 and March 2009 at a single center were identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prior to surgery, all patients were diagnosed with either degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions using a detailed history, combination of physical provocative maneuvers specific to the SI joint, image-guided intra-articular SI joint injections and various imaging modalities [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MIS SI joint fusion was performed in all patients by placing a series of implants laterally across the SI joint, as previously described [17, 23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients were contacted and asked to participate in a long-term evaluation, which included a clinical exam as well as an optional radiographic imaging component."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients signed a study- specific, IRB-approved consent form before beginning any study-related activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients were asked to reveal and discuss any further surgical treatment they received for SI joint, lumbar spine, pelvic or hip disorders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A series of patient reported outcome instruments, described below, was also administered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants who resided outside of a reasonable travel distance were given the opportunity to provide responses by phone or mail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients who consented to the radiographic component of the study had both plain film radiographs (outlet and anteroposterior (AP) views) and computed tomography (CT) scans of the pelvis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These imaging tests were used to assess implant position, evidence of lucency adjacent to the implant, qualitative increase in bone density adjacent to the implant, and presence of intra-articular osseous bridging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The 5-year images were compared to those previously acquired closest to the one-year follow-up interval."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data extracted from the medical charts included demo- graphics, diagnosed pain generators in the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis, pain treatments received, perioperative measures, adverse events, one-year imaging studies, and previously administered patient reported outcomes at 12- and 24-months postoperatively, described below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pain and functional outcomes were assessed in a prospective manner pre-operatively and at 12-, 24- and 60-months postoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Level of pain was assessed using a 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prior to the initial experience with the surgical procedure, a 9-question SI joint- related health outcomes survey was created with response domains taken from both the SF-36 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (Fig. 1): pain level, the ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities, quality of sleep, lifting ability, happiness, social activities, and the effect of pain on social life [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A numerical rating scale of 0-10 with 0 representing no pain or difficulty and 10 representing the worst pain imaginable or severe difficulty was used for all domains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Satisfaction with surgery was assessed in a binary fashion (yes or no) by asking if the patient would have the same surgery again for the same result."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The SI joint-related health outcomes survey and VAS were administered preoperatively and at 12- and 60-months postoperatively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At 24 months, patients were contacted to assess SI joint pain on VAS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ODI was administered at the 60-month visit only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Satisfaction and safety events were collected at all postoperative time points."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Demographic variables were tabulated and expressed as frequency and means with standard deviation, where appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare VAS pain scores from baseline to all postoperative time points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A paired t-test was used to assess improvement from baseline to the 60-month time point on the SI joint survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An unpaired t-test was performed to assess the effect of sex and history of prior lumbar spinal fusion on outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed using R software [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Clinical improvement was defined using previously validated minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) values for back pain on VAS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "MCID is defined as a change of >2.0 points and SCB is defined as a 2.5-point decrease or a raw score of < 3.5 [27, 28]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Institutional Review Board approval was obtained before beginning this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. How much pain are you in at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. How well are you able to perform light activities like walking a block or dressing yourself?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. How well are you able to perform moderate activities like playing golf, walking half a mile, or dancing?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "4. How well are you able to perform vigorous activities like running or moving furniture?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5. How much is your sleep disturbed by pain at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "6. How well are you able to lift items off the floor at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "7. How would you assess your level of happiness at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "8. How interested are you in socializing at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "9. Because of pain, how much is your socializing limited at this time?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of 21 consecutive patients who underwent MIS SI joint fusion, 17 were available for follow-up and form the analysis cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of those not available, 2 had died unrelated to spine conditions, one was lost to follow-up and one suffered a severe neck trauma rendering the patient quadriplegic and unable to provide relevant data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All available patients participated inthe clinical portion of the study and 15 of 17 (88%) agreed to participate in the radiographic component."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mean subject age was 58 (±14) years (range 36-85), 77% were female and 47% had undergone lumbar spinal fusion prior to SI joint fusion (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Slightly more subjects had the right SI joint treated (53%) compared to the left (41%), and one patient underwent bilateral treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mean operating time was 65 (±18) minutes, range (43-110)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There were no intraoperative complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Postoperative events, which primarily included hematoma (1), cellulitis (2), and deep infection secondary to diverticulitis (1), were previously reported in detail [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Improvement in pain was clinically and statistically significant at all follow-up intervals compared to baseline (all p<0.001) (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All subjects who reached MCID also reached SCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The percentage of patients who achieved both MCID and SCB remained high at each time point (77%, 82%, and 88% at 12-, 24- and 60-month visits, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No statistical effect was found for sex, or history of lumbar fusion on pain improvement at any time point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At 60-months, statistically significant improvement was seen in 6 of 8 domains of the SI joint survey instrument (Table 3): the ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities, sleep disturbance caused by pain, overall happiness, and the effect of pain on social life."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities showed continual improvement from 12 months to the 5-year time interval."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patient satisfaction scores obtained at the 12-month interval were unchanged at 2- and 5-years postoperatively; 82% (14/17) would have the same surgery again for the same result at all time points."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ODI scores were obtained at the 5-year follow-up only (Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mean (SD) ODI score was 21.5 (22.7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fairbank categorized scores in terms of degree of disability, with 0-20 representing minimal disability and 21-40 representing moderate disability requiring conservative care only [29]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Results show the majority (71%) of subjects are living with minimal or moderate disability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pelvic AP and outlet view plain films radiographs and a pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan were performed on 15 subjects; 45 implants were assessed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imaging studies obtained at 5 years were compared to available studies acquired as close as possible to the one-year postoperative time point."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A qualitative comparison of 1- and 5-year pelvic plain film radiographs, including AP and outlet views, revealed no change in implant position (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "CT scans of the pelvis with axial, sagittal, and coronal reconstructions documented increased bone density circumferentially along three implant walls for all implants on both the iliac and sacral segments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Evidence of osseous bridging across the SI joint was clearly seen on 13 of 15 (87%) of patients (Fig. 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On x-ray, what appeared to be full-length lucency (absence of bone adjacent to an implant) along the wall of the implant was consistently observed on at least one implant in all patients on AP view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, this observation was not evident on the outlet view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Upon review of CT imaging, this apparent lucency was confirmed to be an artifact (Fig. 4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Assessment and comparison of CT scans at 1- and 5-years revealed a consistent pattern of artifacts at the corners and periodically along the wall of an implant, which were non-progressive and unchanged in equivalent projections on the axial, sagittal and coronal sections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A small area of true focal lucency was observed on CT scans in 4 patients; along the superior edge of the most cranial implant on the iliac side in 3 patients, and on the superior edge of the most caudal implant on the iliac side in one patient (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other findings included a regular pattern of sclerotic bone response at the implant entry point in the ilium, on primarily the superior implant (Fig. 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A detailed explanation of the physics of CT imaging of triangular titanium implants is outside the scope of this manuscript and will be reported separately."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three subjects in the current cohort did not improve satisfactorily."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To understand why these patients failed to improve and to refine patient selection criteria for MIS SI joint fusion, an in-depth interview was performed for each patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patient vignettes are described below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subject 1012 is a 72-year old woman who presented to the clinic complaining of low back and pelvic pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The subject's history included a successful total knee replacement as well as L3-L5 arthrodesis for degenerative thoracolumbar scoliosis, symptomatic spondylosis and spondylolisthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At baseline, the lumbar spine and SI joint were confirmed as pain generators using physical and clinical exam, imaging studies, and injections as appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Non-operative management was employed for lumbar spinal pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Based on the pain improvement associated with image- guided intra-articular SI joint injection, MIS SI joint fusion was performed without postoperative complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "After surgery, she continued to have persistent back pain and buttock pain with walking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Subsequent imaging studies revealed a progression of her scoliotic curve above L3 with pelvic obliquity and clinical exam suggested multiple pain generators including thoracolumbar spine and degenerative joint disease of the hip."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pelvic and spinal radiographs at the 5-year visit, and comparison to imaging at 1-year, revealed her SI implants to be intact with no signs of loosening, and a progression of spondylosis at levels above L3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 5-year pelvic CT scan showed increased bone density along the walls of the implants, suggestive of biological fixation of the implants in bone."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no imaging findings to suggest implant failure as explanation for the subject's residual pain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to her SI joint problems, this patient suffers from multiple pain generators including hip dysfunction secondary to pelvic obliquity and spondylosis associated with degenerative scoliosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A review of this case provokes concern that the symptomatology of other pain generators may have overshadowed any potential improvement after SI joint treatment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Results from a single image guided intra- articular SI joint injection may be vulnerable to misinterpretation in the context of multiple pain generators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Some patients may benefit from a second injection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Positive results on the second injection will confirm the SI joint as the primary PG."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, an equivocal response of less than 75% pain reduction would suggest the SI joint as a secondary PG [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "No pain improvement rules out the SI and indicates that other PGs in the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis need further investigation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subject 1013 is a 50-year old female who presented to the clinic post L4-S1 arthrodesis with complex pain syndrome and concomitant chronic conditions requiring multiple medications to manage her pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, due to her diminished ambulatory capability, she required assistance in performing activities of daily living."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subject symptoms and findings on physical exam suggested degenerative sacroiliitis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The SI joint as a pain generator was confirmed by intra-articular SI joint injection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The subject underwent a single-side SI joint fusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "She experienced good pain improvement on the operative side, prompting her to undergo diagnostic testing on the contralateral side followed by SI joint fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Postoperatively, she experienced significant improvement in ambulation and capacity for activities of daily living and near complete resolution of her bilateral SI joint pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One year later, her degenerative hip joint disease had progressed, resulting in a left-sided total hip replacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This subject declined to participate in the imaging component of the study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The degradation of function and high ODI score at the 5-year assessment seems associated with recurrent spine-related low back pain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subject 1002 is a 50-year old female who underwent left SI joint fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis after previous L4- S1 instrumented arthrodesis for degenerative spondylosis and spondylolisthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Postoperatively, she suffered from an infected hematoma secondary to hematogenous seeding from recurrent diverticulitis that resolved after a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clinically, the process to control her infection overshadowed her improvement from SI surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Several years after her SI joint fusion, she was diagnosed with L3/4 adjacent segment disease and experienced partial pain relief after L3/4 laminectomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At the 5-year visit, there were no imaging findings to suggest implant failure as explanation for the subject's residual pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This subject reported symptoms in her contralateral SI joint and continuing symptoms from L3/4 that will likely require arthrodesis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, the lumbar pain generators and symptoms from her contralateral SI joint have influenced the degree of her functional improvement after the index procedure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All 7 patients with the SI joint as the sole PG experienced good to excellent outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the 10 patients with multiple PGs, 7 had favorable outcomes while residual pain from secondary PGs eclipsed symptom relief in the remaining 3 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no distinguishing characteristics on imaging between responders and non-responders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Residual symptoms did not correlate with implant failure or lack of boney integration."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Accordingly, no correlation between clinical and radiographic outcomes can be made."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The 5-year results of patients treated for degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions with MIS SI joint fusion using a series of triangular TPS coated implants presented herein demonstrate the long-term durability of positive outcomes regarding pain relief, return to function, and satisfaction with surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though pre-operative ODI scores were unavailable for the current case series, the published range for patients with SI joint disorders is 52.6- 61.8 [23, 24, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our mean 5-year postoperative ODI score (21.5) indicates minimal to moderate impact on functional capacity, and is commensurate with results from other published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Long-term complications of MIS SI joint fusion were rare."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No subject underwent revision of SI joint arthrodesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similar to other reports, a large portion (47%) of patients in the present cohort had a history of previous lumbar spinal fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In contrast to a report describing the use of hollow modular anchorage screws, the degree of pain improvement for patients in the current study was not affected by a history of prior lumbar spinal fusion [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As with all studies, we observed variations in patient outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In the current cohort, the number of pain generators, either single or multiple, influenced patient perception of improvement in pain and function after surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Amongst subjects who did not respond, multiple pain generators (PG) were apparent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0041__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Determination of primary versus secondary pain generators is critical in patients that present with multiple PGs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Imaging studies at 5 years postoperatively revealed no evidence of implant loosening, confirmed by a consistent observation of increased bone density immediately adjacent to all walls of all implants, suggestive of biological fixation in bone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The cause of the sclerotic bony margin often observed on the upper wall of the most cranial implant is unknown, but may be the result of a) impaction from broaching step of the procedure, b) micromotion after initial implant placement, or c) as a result of Wolff's law in response to higher loading conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After close evaluation of the appearance of the implants on plain film radiographs and CT imaging, we have come to appreciate the difference between lucency along an implant wall and actual loosening of the device."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "An observation of apparent linear lucency along the wall, nose or shoulder of the implant on x- ray did not correlate with true lucency on CT in the present study, but rather with an artifact generated by the titanium implant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our experience, true loosening of the implant will result in the appearance of an enlarged gap between the implant and a sclerotic margin on both x-ray and CT (Fig. 7)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0042__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "If implant loosening is suspected, it is vital to correlate clinical symptoms with 3 views on CT to differentiate artifact, lucency and loosening."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Multiple non-surgical and surgical treatments for SI joint disorders are available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When non-surgical management fails to provide adequate relief of symptoms, surgical arthrodesis is an option."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Published case series of various arthrodesis techniques (both open and MIS) report variable degrees of improvement in pain and function, with more invasive approaches reporting moderately high complications and non-unions [22]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "MIS techniques overall report significant improvements in pain and function, but results vary with surgical technique and patient selection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Positive clinical outcomes are based on accurate diagnosis and assessment of all potential pain generators in the lumbar spine, SI joint and hip."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Correctly diagnosing SI joint disorders requires a rigorous approach to arrive at an accurate diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A detailed history, comprehensive physical examination, and an index of suspicion are required to formulate a differential diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The practitioner utilizes imaging and diagnostic testing for the process of inclusion/exclusion of the different diagnostic possibilities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several pathophysiologic conditions that affect the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis can present similarly and typically low back pain patients have multiple pain generators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Biomechanical studies clearly show an interdependent kinematic relationship within the lumbopelvic hip complex, with changes in one structure affecting degree of motion and load within the entire complex [32]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, the SI joint should be evaluated as a potential pain generator in patients who fail to improve or experience late non-mechanical failures after lumbar arthrodesis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pain and degeneration in the SI joint after lumbar arthrodesis has been reported to range between 43 and 75% [6, 30, 33, 34]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The relatively low success rate of spinal fusion, combined with the high incidence of diagnosable SI joint disorders in patients presenting with low back pain strongly suggests that the SI joint is often overlooked as a PG in this population [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An accurate diagnosis requires not only a ruling out or downgrading of other conditions, but also a thorough evaluation of the lumbar spine and hip, as well as a physical exam that includes maneuvers that stress the SI joint and a series of image-guided intra-articular diagnostic injections."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For patients with multiple pain generators, the most bothersome should be treated first to assess the true impact of the secondary pain generator(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Surgical treatment of the primary PG alone may effectuate adequate pain control in certain patients, while for others sequential treatment of secondary PGs may be indicated to achieve a satisfactory 382 The Open Orthopaedics Journal, 2014, Volume 8 Rudolf and Capobianco final outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients with multiple pain generators, regardless of treatment, may not experience a high degree of improvement as the cortical region of the sensory homunculus governing the low back and hip is relatively small, making it difficult for the brain to distinguish discrete pain generators in this area [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Functional improvement relies on the interdependent relationship of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip axis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Pain or loss of function in one component can overshadow improvement in another."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Identification and sequential treatment of secondary pain generators in this axis may be needed to achieve the best possible outcome."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the study sample size is relatively small and represents the experience of a single surgeon, this cohort represents the first patients to have received this implant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ODI was available only at the 5-year time point; a comparison to baseline could not be performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It should be noted, however, that all pain and functional outcomes were self-reported by study subjects."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Larger cohort and multi- center long-term studies are needed to better understand how to formulate a surgical strategy and set realistic outcome expectations in the patient with multiple pain generators within the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Long-term (5-year) clinical and radiographic outcomes after MIS SIJ fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions are favorable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical improvements observed at 12 months postoperatively were maintained at 5years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was no evidence of long-term complications, implant migration or loosening."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Increased bone density was observed circumferentially in 100% of the implants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Most (87%) scans showed intra-articular osseous bridging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patients who did not do well were affected by multiple severe degenerative conditions of the spine, pelvis, and/or hip."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "LR is an SI-BONE, Inc. investor, consultant and clinical trial investigator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "RC is an SI-BONE, Inc. employee."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4678__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) may be a source of chronic low back pain in 15-22% of patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the past four years, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has become an emerging standard of care for SI joint fusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS) and Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SMISS) conducted a survey of their members to examine current preferences in surgeon practice of MIS SI fusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To qualify for survey participation, the surgeon had to perform at least one open or MIS SIJ fusion procedure between 2009 and 2012."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All surgeons were instructed to review their records."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This included the number of surgical procedures performed annually from 2009-2012, site of service where each procedure was commonly performed, and average length of stay for each approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Twenty-four percent (121/500) of the eligible members participated in this survey."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This survey revealed that the percentage of MIS procedures increased from 39% in 2009 to over 87% in 2012."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The survey showed a significant increase in the average number of MIS surgeries and a significant difference between open and MIS surgeries in 2012 (p<0.0001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, 80% of the survey respondents indicated a lack of preference toward the open approach if that was the only available option."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to the performed survey, MIS SIJ fusion is preferred over the open technique."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Incorporation of the MIS technique into the spine surgeon's spectrum of skills would allow an increased number of surgical options as well as a possible increase in outcome quality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sacroiliac joint dysfunction, caused by degenerative sacroiliitis or sacroiliac disruption, has been recognized as a legitimate pain generator since the 1800s, but has remained under-appreciated and under-treated until the emergence of advanced diagnostic methods as well as the development of reasonable, effective, and less morbid interventional modalities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sacroiliac Joint (SI joint) pain is a significant cause of low back pain [1-3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It has been reported as the pain generator in 15%-22% of patients with low back pain [1,4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Non-operative management such as physical or manual therapy and fluoroscopic guided steroid injections are the first line treatment and in many cases the definitive treatment [4-6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When non-operative management fails and SI joint symptoms persist, arthrodesis becomes a viable option."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A variety of surgical techniques have been developed to fuse the SI joint, including traditional open arthrodesis with plates and/or screws."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Emerging minimally invasive techniques have been developed because of potential advantages such as minimizing soft-tissue trauma, less operative blood loss, faster rehabilitation, and reduced length of hospital stay [7-9, 11, 13, 14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Surgeons should choose the approach that will provide the best clinical outcome for the patient and treat their medical condition with the least risk of complications."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the development of instrumentation allowing SI joint fusions via a less invasive approach, the number of open procedures has significantly declined because the surgeon community appears to prefer the minimally invasive approach in the best interest of their patients [18]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the past four years, MIS is an emerging standard of care for SI joint fusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery (ISASS) and Society for Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (SMISS) conducted a survey of their members to examine current preferences in surgeon practice of MIS SI fusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4678__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 12, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [12, 12, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous reports of minimally invasive (MIS) sacroiliac (SI) joint fusion for low back, SI joint, and buttock pain secondary to SI joint disorders have shown favorable short- and mid-term outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Herein we present 5-year clinical and radiographic outcomes after MIS SI joint fusion using a series of triangular porous titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated implants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Consecutive patients treated with MIS SI joint fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis and/or sacroiliac joint disruptions between October 2007 and March 2009 were evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Pain on VAS, an SI joint specific survey and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were administered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "X-ray and CT scans were obtained to assess the implants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of 21 patients treated, 17 were available for the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Mean age was 58 years (range 36-85), 77% were female and 47% had prior lumbar spinal fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Pain on VAS improved from 8.3 at baseline to 2.4 at 5 years; 88% of patients reached Substantial Clinical Benefit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Mean ODI score at 5 years was 21.5 (SD 22.7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Patient satisfaction achieved at 12 months was maintained for 5 years (82%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A qualitative review of x-ray and CT imaging showed increased bone density immediately adjacent to all implants, intra-articular osseous bridging in 87% of patients and no evidence of implant loosening or migration."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes after MIS SIJ fusion are favorable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Clinical improvements observed at 12 months postoperatively were maintained at 5 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "There was no evidence of long-term complications, implant loosening or migration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0075__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Patients who did not achieve large improvements were affected by multiple severe concomitant degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and/or hip."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 19, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [19, 19, 19], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Chronic lower back pain is well known as a public health epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In highly developed countries, it is one of the top 3 causes of degradation in quality adjusted life years, along with ischemic heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While lumbar spine pathology is an important cause of chronic lower back pain, substantial evidence suggests that not all low back pain is due to lumbar spine pathology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The SI joint is thought to be the source of pain in up to 30% of patients evaluated for chronic lower back pain [2-5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Disorders of the SI joint may be the result of trauma, pregnancy, inflammatory arthritis, osteoarthritis or degeneration of the joint either de novo or after lumbar spinal fusion [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the case of lumbar spinal arthrodesis, sacroiliac joint pathology may explain delayed postoperative pain or a failure for the patient to experience symptom improvement in the early postoperative period (failed back surgery syndrome) [7, 8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Diagnosing the SI joint as the primary or sole pain generator (PG) can be complex as patients often present with a combination of low back, groin, gluteal, and/or leg pain and the symptom profile may mimic other disorders of the lumbar spine and hip [2, 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Additionally, some patients present with more than one pain generator within the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis, making the identification of the primary versus secondary pain generators more challenging [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Furthermore, SI joint imaging studies are typically neither sensitive nor specific to abnormalities in the absence of trauma, tumor, ankylosing spondylitis, or infection [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "SI joint pain can be debilitating and treatment with non-operative care is often unsuccessful."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The impact of pain on persons living with the disease is similar to that associated with other prominent orthopedic conditions routinely treated surgically [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Furthermore, the economic burden of non-operative care is significant for Medicare as well as commercial payer entities with a 5-year estimated cost of $270 million for Medicare beneficiaries and a 3-year estimated cost of $1.6 billion per 100,000 commercial covered lives [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Surgical treatment options for SI joint disorders have been unattractive until relatively recently."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Open arthrodesis, commonly performed throughout the 1900s, is now reserved primarily for traumatic pelvic ring fractures due to the invasiveness of the procedure, coupled with a high morbidity rate [14-16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "In recent years, several minimally invasive techniques for fusing the SI joint have been introduced into the surgical repertoire [17-21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "MIS SI joint fusion for certain SI joint disorders (degenerative sacroiliitis and SI joint disruptions), specifically using a series of triangular titanium implants, has been shown to result in lower morbidity, including shorter operating times and hospital stays, fewer complications, a lower reoperation rate, and higher gains in patient quality of life compared to the open surgical method, as evidenced by a recent comparative cohort study [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "The current body of medical literature substantiates positive short to mid-term clinical outcomes [17, 23-25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "However, no long-term clinical or radiographic outcomes have been published to date."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0076__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Herein we report 5-year clinical effectiveness, safety and radiographic outcomes in patients treated with MIS SI joint fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis or sacroiliac joint disruptions using a series of triangular, porous titanium plasma spray (TPS) coated implants (iFuse Implant System®, SI-BONE, Inc., San Jose, CA) from a single center."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All consecutive patients who underwent MIS SI joint fusion between October 2007 and March 2009 at a single center were identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prior to surgery, all patients were diagnosed with either degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions using a detailed history, combination of physical provocative maneuvers specific to the SI joint, image-guided intra-articular SI joint injections and various imaging modalities [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "MIS SI joint fusion was performed in all patients by placing a series of implants laterally across the SI joint, as previously described [17, 23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients were contacted and asked to participate in a long-term evaluation, which included a clinical exam as well as an optional radiographic imaging component."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients signed a study-specific, IRB-approved consent form before beginning any study-related activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patients were asked to reveal and discuss any further surgical treatment they received for SI joint, lumbar spine, pelvic or hip disorders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A series of patient reported outcome instruments, described below, was also administered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Participants who resided outside of a reasonable travel distance were given the opportunity to provide responses by phone or mail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Patients who consented to the radiographic component of the study had both plain film radiographs (outlet and anteroposterior (AP) views) and computed tomography (CT) scans of the pelvis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "These imaging tests were used to assess implant position, evidence of lucency adjacent to the implant, qualitative increase in bone density adjacent to the implant, and presence of intra-articular osseous bridging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The 5-year images were compared to those previously acquired closest to the one-year follow-up interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0077__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Data extracted from the medical charts included demographics, diagnosed pain generators in the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis, pain treatments received, perioperative measures, adverse events, one-year imaging studies, and previously administered patient reported outcomes at 12- and 24-months postoperatively, described below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pain and functional outcomes were assessed in a prospective manner pre-operatively and at 12-, 24- and 60-months postoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Level of pain was assessed using a 0-10 visual analog scale (VAS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Prior to the initial experience with the surgical procedure, a 9-question SI joint-related health outcomes survey was created with response domains taken from both the SF-36 and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) (Fig. 1): pain level, the ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities, quality of sleep, lifting ability, happiness, social activities, and the effect of pain on social life [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A numerical rating scale of 0-10 with 0 representing no pain or difficulty and 10 representing the worst pain imaginable or severe difficulty was used for all domains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Satisfaction with surgery was assessed in a binary fashion (yes or no) by asking if the patient would have the same surgery again for the same result."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The SI joint-related health outcomes survey and VAS were administered preoperatively and at 12- and 60-months postoperatively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "At 24 months, patients were contacted to assess SI joint pain on VAS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The ODI was administered at the 60-month visit only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Satisfaction and safety events were collected at all postoperative time points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Demographic variables were tabulated and expressed as frequency and means with standard deviation, where appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare VAS pain scores from baseline to all postoperative time points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "A paired t-test was used to assess improvement from baseline to the 60-month time point on the SI joint survey."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "An unpaired t-test was performed to assess the effect of sex and history of prior lumbar spinal fusion on outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed using R software [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Clinical improvement was defined using previously validated minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) values for back pain on VAS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "MCID is defined as a change of >2.0 points and SCB is defined as a 2.5-point decrease or a raw score of < 3.5 [27, 28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0078__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Institutional Review Board approval was obtained before beginning this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 19, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [19, 19, 19], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of 21 consecutive patients who underwent MIS SI joint fusion, 17 were available for follow-up and form the analysis cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of those not available, 2 had died unrelated to spine conditions, one was lost to follow-up and one suffered a severe neck trauma rendering the patient quadriplegic and unable to provide relevant data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All available patients participated in the clinical portion of the study and 15 of 17 (88%) agreed to participate in the radiographic component."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Mean subject age was 58 (±14) years (range 36-85), 77% were female and 47% had undergone lumbar spinal fusion prior to SI joint fusion (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Slightly more subjects had the right SI joint treated (53%) compared to the left (41%), and one patient underwent bilateral treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Mean operating time was 65 (±18) minutes, range (43-110)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There were no intraoperative complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Postoperative events, which primarily included hematoma (1), cellulitis (2), and deep infection secondary to diverticulitis (1), were previously reported in detail [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Improvement in pain was clinically and statistically significant at all follow-up intervals compared to baseline (all p<0.001) (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "All subjects who reached MCID also reached SCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The percentage of patients who achieved both MCID and SCB remained high at each time point (77%, 82%, and 88% at 12-, 24- and 60-month visits, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "No statistical effect was found for sex, or history of lumbar fusion on pain improvement at any time point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "At 60-months, statistically significant improvement was seen in 6 of 8 domains of the SI joint survey instrument (Table 3): the ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities, sleep disturbance caused by pain, overall happiness, and the effect of pain on social life."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "The ability to perform light, moderate and vigorous activities showed continual improvement from 12 months to the 5-year time interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Patient satisfaction scores obtained at the 12-month interval were unchanged at 2- and 5-years postoperatively; 82% (14/17) would have the same surgery again for the same result at all time points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "ODI scores were obtained at the 5-year follow-up only (Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Mean (SD) ODI score was 21.5 (22.7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Fairbank categorized scores in terms of degree of disability, with 0-20 representing minimal disability and 21-40 representing moderate disability requiring conservative care only [29]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0079__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Results show the majority (71%) of subjects are living with minimal or moderate disability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pelvic AP and outlet view plain films radiographs and a pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan were performed on 15 subjects; 45 implants were assessed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imaging studies obtained at 5 years were compared to available studies acquired as close as possible to the one-year postoperative time point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A qualitative comparison of 1- and 5-year pelvic plain film radiographs, including AP and outlet views, revealed no change in implant position (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CT scans of the pelvis with axial, sagittal, and coronal reconstructions documented increased bone density circumferentially along three implant walls for all implants on both the iliac and sacral segments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Evidence of osseous bridging across the SI joint was clearly seen on 13 of 15 (87%) of patients (Fig. 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On x-ray, what appeared to be full-length lucency (absence of bone adjacent to an implant) along the wall of the implant was consistently observed on at least one implant in all patients on AP view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, this observation was not evident on the outlet view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Upon review of CT imaging, this apparent lucency was confirmed to be an artifact (Fig. 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Assessment and comparison of CT scans at 1- and 5-years revealed a consistent pattern of artifacts at the corners and periodically along the wall of an implant, which were non-progressive and unchanged in equivalent projections on the axial, sagittal and coronal sections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "A small area of true focal lucency was observed on CT scans in 4 patients; along the superior edge of the most cranial implant on the iliac side in 3 patients, and on the superior edge of the most caudal implant on the iliac side in one patient (Fig. 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Other findings included a regular pattern of sclerotic bone response at the implant entry point in the ilium, on primarily the superior implant (Fig. 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0080__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "A detailed explanation of the physics of CT imaging of triangular titanium implants is outside the scope of this manuscript and will be reported separately."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 16, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [16, 16, 16], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three subjects in the current cohort did not improve satisfactorily."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To understand why these patients failed to improve and to refine patient selection criteria for MIS SI joint fusion, an in-depth interview was performed for each patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patient vignettes are described below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Subject 1012 is a 72-year old woman who presented to the clinic complaining of low back and pelvic pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The subject’s history included a successful total knee replacement as well as L3-L5 arthrodesis for degenerative thoracolumbar scoliosis, symptomatic spondylosis and spondylolisthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At baseline, the lumbar spine and SI joint were confirmed as pain generators using physical and clinical exam, imaging studies, and injections as appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Non-operative management was employed for lumbar spinal pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Based on the pain improvement associated with image-guided intra-articular SI joint injection, MIS SI joint fusion was performed without postoperative complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "After surgery, she continued to have persistent back pain and buttock pain with walking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Subsequent imaging studies revealed a progression of her scoliotic curve above L3 with pelvic obliquity and clinical exam suggested multiple pain generators including thoracolumbar spine and degenerative joint disease of the hip."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Pelvic and spinal radiographs at the 5-year visit, and comparison to imaging at 1-year, revealed her SI implants to be intact with no signs of loosening, and a progression of spondylosis at levels above L3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The 5-year pelvic CT scan showed increased bone density along the walls of the implants, suggestive of biological fixation of the implants in bone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "There were no imaging findings to suggest implant failure as explanation for the subject’s residual pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "In addition to her SI joint problems, this patient suffers from multiple pain generators including hip dysfunction secondary to pelvic obliquity and spondylosis associated with degenerative scoliosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "A review of this case provokes concern that the symptomatology of other pain generators may have overshadowed any potential improvement after SI joint treatment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Results from a single image guided intra-articular SI joint injection may be vulnerable to misinterpretation in the context of multiple pain generators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Some patients may benefit from a second injection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Positive results on the second injection will confirm the SI joint as the primary PG."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "However, an equivocal response of less than 75% pain reduction would suggest the SI joint as a secondary PG [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0081__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "No pain improvement rules out the SI and indicates that other PGs in the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis need further investigation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subject 1013 is a 50-year old female who presented to the clinic post L4-S1 arthrodesis with complex pain syndrome and concomitant chronic conditions requiring multiple medications to manage her pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, due to her diminished ambulatory capability, she required assistance in performing activities of daily living."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subject symptoms and findings on physical exam suggested degenerative sacroiliitis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The SI joint as a pain generator was confirmed by intra-articular SI joint injection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The subject underwent a single-side SI joint fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "She experienced good pain improvement on the operative side, prompting her to undergo diagnostic testing on the contralateral side followed by SI joint fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Postoperatively, she experienced significant improvement in ambulation and capacity for activities of daily living and near complete resolution of her bilateral SI joint pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "One year later, her degenerative hip joint disease had progressed, resulting in a left-sided total hip replacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This subject declined to participate in the imaging component of the study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0082__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The degradation of function and high ODI score at the 5-year assessment seems associated with recurrent spine-related low back pain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subject 1002 is a 50-year old female who underwent left SI joint fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis after previous L4-S1 instrumented arthrodesis for degenerative spondylosis and spondylolisthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Postoperatively, she suffered from an infected hematoma secondary to hematogenous seeding from recurrent diverticulitis that resolved after a 6-week course of intravenous antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Clinically, the process to control her infection overshadowed her improvement from SI surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Several years after her SI joint fusion, she was diagnosed with L3/4 adjacent segment disease and experienced partial pain relief after L3/4 laminectomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At the 5-year visit, there were no imaging findings to suggest implant failure as explanation for the subject’s residual pain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This subject reported symptoms in her contralateral SI joint and continuing symptoms from L3/4 that will likely require arthrodesis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0083__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, the lumbar pain generators and symptoms from her contralateral SI joint have influenced the degree of her functional improvement after the index procedure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All 7 patients with the SI joint as the sole PG experienced good to excellent outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the 10 patients with multiple PGs, 7 had favorable outcomes while residual pain from secondary PGs eclipsed symptom relief in the remaining 3 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no distinguishing characteristics on imaging between responders and non-responders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Residual symptoms did not correlate with implant failure or lack of boney integration."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0084__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Accordingly, no correlation between clinical and radiographic outcomes can be made."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The 5-year results of patients treated for degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions with MIS SI joint fusion using a series of triangular TPS coated implants presented herein demonstrate the long-term durability of positive outcomes regarding pain relief, return to function, and satisfaction with surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though pre-operative ODI scores were unavailable for the current case series, the published range for patients with SI joint disorders is 52.6-61.8 [23, 24, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our mean 5-year postoperative ODI score (21.5) indicates minimal to moderate impact on functional capacity, and is commensurate with results from other published studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Long-term complications of MIS SI joint fusion were rare."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No subject underwent revision of SI joint arthrodesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Similar to other reports, a large portion (47%) of patients in the present cohort had a history of previous lumbar spinal fusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In contrast to a report describing the use of hollow modular anchorage screws, the degree of pain improvement for patients in the current study was not affected by a history of prior lumbar spinal fusion [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As with all studies, we observed variations in patient outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In the current cohort, the number of pain generators, either single or multiple, influenced patient perception of improvement in pain and function after surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Amongst subjects who did not respond, multiple pain generators (PG) were apparent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Determination of primary versus secondary pain generators is critical in patients that present with multiple PGs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Imaging studies at 5 years postoperatively revealed no evidence of implant loosening, confirmed by a consistent observation of increased bone density immediately adjacent to all walls of all implants, suggestive of biological fixation in bone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The cause of the sclerotic bony margin often observed on the upper wall of the most cranial implant is unknown, but may be the result of a) impaction from broaching step of the procedure, b) micromotion after initial implant placement, or c) as a result of Wolff’s law in response to higher loading conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Further investigation is needed to fully understand the mechanism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "After close evaluation of the appearance of the implants on plain film radiographs and CT imaging, we have come to appreciate the difference between lucency along an implant wall and actual loosening of the device."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "An observation of apparent linear lucency along the wall, nose or shoulder of the implant on x-ray did not correlate with true lucency on CT in the present study, but rather with an artifact generated by the titanium implant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In our experience, true loosening of the implant will result in the appearance of an enlarged gap between the implant and a sclerotic margin on both x-ray and CT (Fig. 7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0085__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "If implant loosening is suspected, it is vital to correlate clinical symptoms with 3 views on CT to differentiate artifact, lucency and loosening."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 20, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 20, 20], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Multiple non-surgical and surgical treatments for SI joint disorders are available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When non-surgical management fails to provide adequate relief of symptoms, surgical arthrodesis is an option."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Published case series of various arthrodesis techniques (both open and MIS) report variable degrees of improvement in pain and function, with more invasive approaches reporting moderately high complications and non-unions [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "MIS techniques overall report significant improvements in pain and function, but results vary with surgical technique and patient selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Positive clinical outcomes are based on accurate diagnosis and assessment of all potential pain generators in the lumbar spine, SI joint and hip."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Correctly diagnosing SI joint disorders requires a rigorous approach to arrive at an accurate diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A detailed history, comprehensive physical examination, and an index of suspicion are required to formulate a differential diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The practitioner utilizes imaging and diagnostic testing for the process of inclusion/exclusion of the different diagnostic possibilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Several pathophysiologic conditions that affect the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis can present similarly and typically low back pain patients have multiple pain generators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Biomechanical studies clearly show an interdependent kinematic relationship within the lumbopelvic hip complex, with changes in one structure affecting degree of motion and load within the entire complex [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Therefore, the SI joint should be evaluated as a potential pain generator in patients who fail to improve or experience late non-mechanical failures after lumbar arthrodesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Pain and degeneration in the SI joint after lumbar arthrodesis has been reported to range between 43 and 75% [6, 30, 33, 34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The relatively low success rate of spinal fusion, combined with the high incidence of diagnosable SI joint disorders in patients presenting with low back pain strongly suggests that the SI joint is often overlooked as a PG in this population [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "An accurate diagnosis requires not only a ruling out or downgrading of other conditions, but also a thorough evaluation of the lumbar spine and hip, as well as a physical exam that includes maneuvers that stress the SI joint and a series of image-guided intra-articular diagnostic injections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "For patients with multiple pain generators, the most bothersome should be treated first to assess the true impact of the secondary pain generator(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Surgical treatment of the primary PG alone may effectuate adequate pain control in certain patients, while for others sequential treatment of secondary PGs may be indicated to achieve a satisfactory final outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Patients with multiple pain generators, regardless of treatment, may not experience a high degree of improvement as the sensory region of the cortical homunculus governing the low back and hip is relatively small, making it difficult for the brain to distinguish discrete pain generators in this area [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Functional improvement relies on the interdependent relationship of the lumbar spine, pelvis and hip axis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Pain or loss of function in one component can overshadow improvement in another."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Identification and sequential treatment of secondary pain generators in this axis may be needed to achieve the best possible outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Although the study sample size is relatively small and represents the experience of a single surgeon, this cohort represents the first patients to have received this implant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "ODI was available only at the 5-year time point; a comparison to baseline could not be performed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "It should be noted, however, that all pain and functional outcomes were self-reported by study subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0086__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "Larger cohort and multi-center long-term studies are needed to better understand how to formulate a surgical strategy and set realistic outcome expectations in the patient with multiple pain generators within the lumbar spine-SI joint-hip axis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4678", "paragraph_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Long-term (5-year) clinical and radiographic outcomes after MIS SIJ fusion for degenerative sacroiliitis and/or SI joint disruptions are favorable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical improvements observed at 12 months postoperatively were maintained at 5years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was no evidence of long-term complications, implant migration or loosening."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Increased bone density was observed circumferentially in 100% of the implants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Most (87%) scans showed intra-articular osseous bridging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4678__response__p0087__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Patients who did not do well were affected by multiple severe degenerative conditions of the spine, pelvis, and/or hip."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4678/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2139313951_W2124528259_W2162616840", "triad_name": "triad_4678", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4678__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ten RCTs were eligible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Formal meta-analysis was not undertaken due to concerns about methodological quality of identified studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Compared with medical therapy, remission rates with GMAA were generally higher, and corticosteroid- sparing effects were observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Compared with sham procedure, GMAA did not achieve significantly higher remission rates. \" Intensive\" GMAA regimens demonstrated generally higher remission rates, and time to remission was shorter compared with \"conventional\" regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Only two RCTs were at low risk of bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Six were conducted in Japanese patients, which may limit generalisability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GMAA appears of some benefit in UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "High-quality RCTs comparing GMAA with conventional medical therapy or sham procedure in Western populations, with disease activity confirmed endoscopically, are required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Rationale 3 Describe the rationale for the review in the context of what is already known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A search of the medical literature was conducted using MEDLINE (1950 to August 2010), EMBASE (1946 to August 2010), and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Randomised controlled trials examining the efficacy of GMAA in adult patients (> 90% over 16 years of age) with active or corticosteroid-dependent UC were eligible for inclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The control arms of these trials were required to receive any of conventional medical therapy, sham apheresis procedure, or an alternative regimen using an active GMAA column."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Trials that permitted other concomitant therapies were eligible, as long as these were administered to both the intervention and control arms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The primary outcome studied was remission of disease activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Secondary outcomes, where reported, included response to therapy, if remission rates were not described, effect of GMAA on endoscopic healing and quality of life, evidence of any corticosteroid-sparing effects, and adverse events arising as a result of GMAA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Studies of GMAA in UC were identified with the terms ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, proctitis, or colitis (both as medical subject headings (MeSH) and free text terms)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These were combined using the set operator AND with studies identified with the terms: blood component removal, leukapheresis, monocytes, or granulocytes (both as MeSH and free text terms), or granulocyte apheresis, monocyte apheresis, or adacolumn (as free text terms)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Abstracts of the papers identified by the initial search were evaluated by the lead investigator for appropriateness to the study question."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All potentially relevant papers were obtained and evaluated in detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The bibliographies of all identified Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w relevant studies were used to perform a recursive search of the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Articles were assessed independently by two investigators using pre-designed eligibility forms, according to the eligibility criteria stated previously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Any disagreement between investigators was resolved by discussion with a third investigator."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All data were extracted independently by two investigators on to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (XP professional edition; Microsoft Corp, Redmond, WA, USA) as dichotomous outcomes (i.e. remission / response or failure of remission / response)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, the following clinical data were extracted for each trial, where available: number of centres, country of origin, geographical region, UC characteristics (severity of UC activity, presence of corticosteroid-dependence or resistance), schedule of GMAA used, duration of therapy, primary outcome measure used to define remission or response following therapy, and duration of follow-up."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This was performed independently by two investigators, with disagreements resolved by discussion with a third investigator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Risk of bias was assessed as described in the Cochrane handbook, 23 by recording the method used to generate the randomization schedule, the method used to conceal allocation, whether blinding was implemented, what proportion of patients completed follow-up, whether an intention- to-treat analysis was extractable, and whether there was evidence of selective reporting of outcomes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The search strategy identified a total of 1729 citations, 16 of which appeared to be relevant to the study question, and were therefore retrieved and evaluated in more detail (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nine articles, 24-32 reporting the results of ten separate RCTs, were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not perform a formal meta- analysis due to concerns about the high risk of bias among the RCTs we identified."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Individual trial characteristics are provided in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Four trials compared GMAA with conventional medical therapy, 24, 25, 31, 32 two separate trials (reported in a single article) compared GMAA with sham apheresis, 26 and four trials compared \"intensive\" versus \"conventional\" GMAA regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "27-30 Only two trials were at low- risk of bias according to our assessment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "26 Six studies were conducted entirely in Japan, 24, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32 two in Europe, 29, 30 one in the USA and Canada, 26 and one in both Europe and Japan."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "26 Eight of the trials reported remission rates, 24-30 while the remaining two reported response rates to therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "31, 32 Six RCTs performed a true intention-to-treat analysis, with dropouts assumed to be treatment failures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "24-26, 28, 31"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We identified four trials making this comparison, all of which were conducted in Japanese centres."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24, 25, 31, 32 The first, 32 published in 1999, randomised 120 patients with UC in equal numbers to receive either five GMAA sessions over 5 weeks or standard medical therapy with corticosteroids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Follow-up was for 7 weeks and 105 patients completed the trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors reported that 31 (58.5%) of 53 patients assigned to GMAA column responded, compared with 23 (44.2%) of 52 allocated to Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w standard medical therapy (P = 0.045)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Corticosteroid-sparing effects and adverse events data were not reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a smaller study, Hanai and colleagues recruited 69 patients with corticosteroid-dependent UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24 The active intervention was 11 sessions of GMAA given over 10 weeks, while the control arm received a mean dose of 30mg/day of oral prednisolone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The primary outcome reported by the authors was clinical remission, defined using a clinical activity index of ≤ 4 and a visible mucosal vascular pattern at endoscopy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Data were also collected concerning any corticosteroid-sparing effects of GMAA therapy, cumulative corticosteroid doses, and mean corticosteroid dose at last point of follow-up of the trial, which was 24 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Remission occurred in 39 (84.8%) of 46 allocated to GMAA, compared with 16 (69.6%) of 23 randomised to corticosteroids (P = not significant)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, 10 (21.7%) of the apheresis patients were corticosteroid-free at 24 weeks, compared with 3 (13.0%) of those receiving prednisolone (P = not significant)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cumulative corticosteroid doses were significantly lower at the end of treatment in the GMAA patients (P = 0.001), and mean corticosteroid dose was also significantly lower (P = 0.003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Adverse events were reported by 10 patients receiving GMAA, with flushing in six patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Adverse events among those assigned to corticosteroids were not reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nakamura and colleagues recruited 20 patients with active UC, 31 all of whom were receiving corticosteroids at study commencement, and randomised them in equal numbers to either GMAA or conventional medical therapy with corticosteroids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They used a combination of clinical symptoms, endoscopic appearance, and inflammatory markers to define response to therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was a response rate of 80.0% in the GMAA arm of the trial, compared with 20.0% in the conventional treatment patients (P < 0.05), and the proportion of patients reporting blood in the stools after Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w completion of therapy was significantly lower in those receiving GMAA (10.0% versus 70.0%, P < 0.01)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Corticosteroid-sparing effects and adverse event rates were not reported by the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most recent RCT making this comparison was conducted at 5 centres in Japan."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "25 The investigators randomised 70 patients with severely active UC, most of whom were receiving 5-ASAs in combination with low-dose prednisolone, to receive either twice-weekly GMAA for weeks followed by weekly GMAA, up to a maximum of 11 sessions in total, or intravenous prednisolone at a dose of 40 to 60mg/day for 5 to 10 days, followed by tapered oral prednisolone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Corticosteroid- dependent patients in both treatment arms also received mercaptopurine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Follow-up was at 12 weeks, and the primary outcome measure was clinical remission, defined using a clinical activity index of ≤ 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors also reported the numbers of patients achieving a corticosteroid-free remission, and adverse events rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, 26 (74.3%) of 35 in the GMAA arm achieved remission, compared with 16 (48.6%) of 35 receiving prednisolone (P = 0.02)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition, 27 (77.1%) of the GMAA patients were corticosteroid-free at 12 weeks, compared with 5 (14.3%) of the patients receiving prednisolone (P = 0.008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0015__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Finally, only 5 (14.3%) GMAA patients reported adverse events, compared with 29 (64.4%) of those receiving corticosteroids."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were two RCTs comparing GMAA with a sham apheresis procedure, reported in a single article."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "26"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The larger of these two trials was conducted in the USA and Canada, and recruited 168 patients with moderate to severely active UC who were already receiving treatment with at least one of 5-ASA, corticosteroids, azathioprine, or mercaptopurine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants were treated for 9 weeks, and the primary outcome of Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w interest was the number of individuals achieving clinical remission, defined using a Mayo score of or less, at weeks post-randomisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Secondary outcome measures included endoscopic remission, and change in quality of life from baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, 19 (17.0%) of 112 patients were in clinical remission at 12 weeks with GMAA compared with 6 (10.7%) of 56 receiving the sham apheresis procedure (P = 0.36)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The proportion of patients achieving endoscopic remission was very similar in both treatment arms (12% versus 11%, P = 1.0)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The smaller trial was of identical design, and recruited 47 UC patients from 11 European and 1 Japanese centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical remission occurred in 5 (16.1%) of 31 and 3 (18.8%) of 16 in the GMAA and sham apheresis arms respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Changes in quality of life scores from baseline were not reported in detail, but were said to be comparable between active intervention and control patients in both trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Serious adverse events were reported in 14% of all GMAA and 11% of all sham apheresis patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the perhaps unexpected finding that GMAA was not significantly superior to sham apheresis in achieving clinical remission in active UC, the authors conducted a subgroup analysis, which included only the 63 patients with histological evidence of mucosal erosions or ulceration at baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical remission was achieved in 11 (24%) of the 46 of these individuals who received GMAA versus 0 (0%) of the 17 randomised to sham apheresis (P = 0.03)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These data suggest that GMAA is of benefit in patients with confirmed endoscopically active disease, and that the treatment effect may have been diluted by the inclusion of patients with much milder disease, or perhaps even functional symptoms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were four RCTs that compared \"intensive\" GMAA regimens with \"conventional\" regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "27-30 Ricart et al. randomised 20 UC patients with moderately active disease, all of whom were corticosteroid-dependent, to either 10 apheresis sessions over 10 weeks, or five sessions over 5 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "29 The primary outcome was clinical remission, according to a clinical activity index of ≤ 4, at week 17."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Corticosteroid requirements and quality of life were also recorded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In total, 19 patients completed the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the \"intensive\" arm, 5 (45.5%) of 11 were in remission, compared with 3 (37.5%) of 8 in the \"conventional\" arm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All those who achieved clinical remission were also in endoscopic remission, and all but one of these patients were corticosteroid-free at week 17."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Quality of life scores improved from baseline in both groups, but these differences were not statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There were no serious adverse events observed in either arm of the trial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a small Japanese RCT conducted at a single centre, 28 30 patients with moderately active UC, 50% of whom were corticosteroid-dependent, were randomised to \"intensive\" GMAA, consisting of three sessions per week for 2 weeks followed by one session for 4 weeks, or \"conventional\" GMAA with 10 weekly sessions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The primary endpoint was remission 1 week after the end of therapy (7 weeks follow-up for the \"intensive\" arm, versus 11 weeks for the \"conventional\"), defined using a clinical activity index of ≤ 4, as well as time (in days) to remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Changes in quality of life, corticosteroid dose, and endoscopic scores were also reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, 12 (80.0%) of 15 in the \"intensive\" GMAA arm were in remission, compared with 10 (66.7%) of 15 in the \"conventional\" GMAA arm, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.25)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, time to remission was Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w significantly lower in those in the \"intensive arm\" (10.7 days versus 27.2 days, P = 0.04)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Again, there was no significant difference observed in quality of life scores, and there were no significant differences in endoscopic scores between the two arms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Corticosteroid doses were significantly lower at the end of treatment, compared with baseline, in both arms (P = 0.03 for both)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0022__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "There were four adverse events observed, two in each group."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A multi-centre Japanese RCT compared twice-weekly with weekly GMAA, up to a maximum of 10 sessions, in 163 UC patients with mildly to moderately active disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "27 The primary outcome measure was clinical remission, again defined using a clinical activity index of ≤ 4, at 5 weeks in the \"intensive\" arm and 10 weeks in the \"conventional\" arm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Time to remission was also compared between the two treatment regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In total, 149 patients provided analysable data at study end."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The remission rate was higher in the \"intensive\" therapy arm of the trial, 71.2% (52 of 73) versus 54.0% (41 of 76) in the \"conventional\" arm (P = 0.03), and time to remission was significantly lower in the \"intensive\" therapy arm (14.9 days versus 28.1 days, P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Adverse events occurred in similar numbers of patients in each arm of the trial (17 in \"intensive\" versus 14 in \"conventional\"), but none were serious."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The largest RCT, to date, to compare \"intensive\" with \"conventional\" GMAA was conducted in 42 centres in Europe and recruited 186 patients with moderately to severely active corticosteroid-dependent or resistant UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "30 The \"intensive\" arm received twice-weekly apheresis for 2 weeks followed by a further six sessions over 6 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the \"conventional\" arm GMAA was administered weekly for 5 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All patients were already receiving treatment with one or more of 5-ASA, corticosteroids, azathioprine, or mercaptopurine, unless previous intolerance or non-response to these drugs had been demonstrated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The primary outcome of interest was clinical remission Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w at 12 weeks, according to a clinical activity index ≤ 4, with 162 patients providing data for this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Time to remission and endoscopic activity were also reported."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Remission rates in the two arms were almost identical (43.9% (36 of 82 patients) with \"intensive\" versus 40.0% (32 of 80 patients) with \"conventional\"), and there was no statistically significant difference observed in terms of time to remission (39.9 days versus 46.8 days) or in endoscopic activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Overall, 6% of the \"intensive\" therapy arm and 9% of the \"conventional\" arm experienced a serious adverse event."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This systematic review has collected all available published RCT evidence examining the effects of GMAA in both active and corticosteroid-dependent or resistant UC."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Compared with conventional medical therapy, in the form of corticosteroids, GMAA appeared superior in several respects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Remission rates in excess of 70% were achieved with GMAA in patients with severely active UC, 25 which were significantly higher than those achieved with conventional medical therapy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In corticosteroid-dependent UC, rates of remission with GMAA were as high as 85%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24 There was also evidence for corticosteroid-sparing effects with GMAA, with significantly lower cumulative doses of corticosteroid, 24 and significantly higher rates of corticosteroid-free remission in patients allocated to GMAA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "25 In addition, adverse event rates were significantly higher in patients assigned to conventional medical therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "25"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared with a sham apheresis procedure in patients with moderately to severely active UC, 26 GMAA did not achieve significantly higher rates of clinical or endoscopic remission, and adverse events rates were comparable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, when only individuals with evidence of mucosal erosions or ulceration at baseline histological examination were considered in the analysis, significantly higher remission rates were observed with GMAA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In terms of \"intensive\" GMAA regimens versus \"conventional\" regimens, available data were conflicting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three trials suggested that \"intensive\" regimens were associated with generally higher rates of remission, 27-29 and time to achievement of remission was significantly shorter in two RCTs recruiting patients with mildly to moderately active UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "27, 28 However, the largest RCT to date demonstrated almost identical remission rates with \"intensive\" and \"conventional\" regimens in corticosteroid-dependent patients with moderately to Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w severely active disease, and no statistically significant difference in the time to remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "30"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effect of GMAA on quality of life was not studied in many of the eligible RCTs but, where reported, there appeared to be no significant benefit of GMAA over conventional medical therapy, sham apheresis procedure, or between the various \"intensive\" and \"conventional\" regimens."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Strengths of our study include our rigorous methodology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We described our search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data extraction processes in detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, independent data extraction was undertaken by two reviewers, and discrepancies were checked and resolved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, the majority of the trials we identified used a validated definition of remission as a clinical endpoint, rather than response to therapy, which we believe is a more clinically useful outcome to the physician who is considering GMAA as a treatment option in a patient with chronic active or corticosteroid- dependent UC who is unsuitable for, or refuses, surgery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Limitations of the present study, as with any systematic review and meta- analysis, arise from the quality of the trials included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only two of the ten eligible and included RCTs were at low risk of bias, 26 and most trials did not report either the method used to generate the randomisation list, or whether allocation to treatment was concealed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, only three trials reported that investigators were blinded to the assigned therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "25, 26 It has been well-described in the systematic review literature that RCTs that do not adhere to such reporting of their methodology, and trials that are not blinded, tend to overestimate the treatment effect associated with the active intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "33 Only six trials reported data using a true intention-to-treat analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "24- 26, 28, 31 Again, this may have led to an overestimation of the success rates with active therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A final limitation is the fact that six of the ten RCTs were conducted in Japan, meaning that their results may not be generalisable to a Western population, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w due to potential underlying differences in patient characteristics, genetics, or environment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There has been one previous systematic review to our knowledge, to date, that has examined the efficacy of GMAA in UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "34 In contrast to the current study, the authors felt it appropriate to perform a meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They reported a statistically significant benefit of GMAA over control therapy, defined using either response to therapy or clinical remission, with a number needed to treat of 5, and concluded that homogeneous evidence from seven RCTs uniformly indicated that GMAA was more successful than drug therapy in achieving response and remission."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are some limitations of this meta-analysis that we have discussed elsewhere, 35 including pooling of data from RCTs regardless of the control intervention, and the inclusion of a pseudo-randomised study in the analysis, 37 a type of study design that is liable to selection bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, the largest RCT that they identified showed no significant effect of GMAA on remission or response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "26 There was also statistically significant heterogeneity between studies, 36 perhaps due to underlying differences in the GMAA regimens used in the various trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data from the current study demonstrate some evidence for a benefit of GMAA over conventional medical therapy, in patients with either active or corticosteroid-dependent UC, in terms of clinical remission, corticosteroid-sparing effects, and reduced adverse events rates, but no trial to date making this comparison has been conducted in a Western population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The only study to compare GMAA with a sham apheresis procedure, conducted in both Western and Japanese patients, failed to demonstrate any significant increase in remission rates with GMAA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors speculated that their patient population may have differed from those in previous trials in terms of disease activity, and that GMAA may only be effective in patients with Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w severe histological activity, an assertion supported by their post hoc analysis discussed in detail earlier."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There seems to be little to choose between various GMAA regimens in terms of clinical remission rates, though time to remission may be shorter with a more \"intensive\" regimen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Adverse events were no higher with GMAA in most studies, and serious adverse events were rare, suggesting it is a safe treatment option."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Finally, data to support any beneficial effect of GMAA on quality of life are sparse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Taken together these data tell us that, rather than designing future RCTs to examine the potential benefit of one GMAA regimen over another, what is actually required are convincing high-quality data that GMAA is effective in Western patients with UC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Trials comparing GMAA with conventional medical therapy in corticosteroid-dependent patients are needed to demonstrate that the results from Japanese trials are reproducible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, further rigorous RCTs, of similar design to that of Sands et al., 26 should compare GMAA with sham apheresis in patients with histological evidence of active disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One potential niche for GMAA is in patients with chronic subacute UC refractory to, or intolerant of, 5-ASAs or immunomodulators, who are corticosteroid-dependent, but who do not have acute severe disease, and who are therefore unsuitable for either infliximab or ciclosporin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The only other treatment option at present for this type of patient is surgery, which may not be suitable, or desirable, for all individuals."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore studies that compare quality of life in patients in this situation who receive GMAA or panproctocolectomy, followed by either end ileostomy or IPAA, would also be of great interest to both patients and physicians."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, this systematic review has demonstrated some evidence for a beneficial effect of GMAA in active or corticosteroid-dependent UC, in terms of both clinical remission rates and corticosteroid-sparing effects, but more data from trials Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutic F o r P e e r R e v i e w conducted in Western patients with endoscopic evidence of active disease are required before its true place in the management of UC is known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sangeetha Thanaraj: none declared."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "P. John Hamlin: has participated in an advisory board for Otsuka Pharmaceuticals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Alexander C. Ford: none declared."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "10 Describe method of data extraction from reports (e.g., piloted forms, independently, in duplicate) and any processes for obtaining and confirming data from investigators."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "17 Give numbers of studies screened, assessed for eligibility, and included in the review, with reasons for exclusions at each stage, ideally with a flow diagram."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For each study, present characteristics for which data were extracted (e.g., study size, PICOS, follow-up period) and provide the citations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "19 Present data on risk of bias of each study and, if available, any outcome level assessment (see item 12)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For all outcomes considered (benefits or harms), present, for each study: (a) simple summary data for each intervention group (b) effect estimates and confidence intervals, ideally with a forest plot."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "21 Present results of each meta-analysis done, including confidence intervals and measures of consistency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Again, we were confused by the reviewer's comment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did not reject any studies from the systematic review, but reported the results of each faithfully in the text (and Table 1) of the article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "5. The Sands study (2) itself may be underestimating the true effect of GMAA since only 63/168 (36%) had histological evidence of mucosal inflammation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If a large number of non-inflammed \"colitis\" patients were recruited this would dilute the effect of an anti-inflammatory intervention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If the Japanese studies were overstating the case for GMAA, it could be argued that the Sands study is equally flawed in the opposite direction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is where a meta-analysis would be useful in estimating \"true\" effect size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agreed with the reviewer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The editor also asked us to address this issue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Please see our response to the editor's comments above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2146__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SIRS, We read with interest the systematic review: granulocyte ⁄ monocyte adsorptive apheresis for ulcerative colitis by Thanaraj et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It would appear that a majority of patients included in the reviewed studies were on corticosteroids."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors found that compared with medical therapy, remission rates with granulocyte ⁄ monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMAA) were higher, and the treatment had significant corticosteroid-sparing effect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2146__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, several uncontrolled studies [2], [3] reported that GMAA was effective for steroid-naïve patients or patients with the first episode of ulcerative colitis (UC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recently, we completed a prospective trial aimed at identifying factors affecting clinical and endoscopic efficacies of GMAA in patients with active UC [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The dose of corticosteroids at entry and the cumulative dose of corticosteroids administered before entry were independent significant factors for both clinical and endoscopic remission, negatively impacting the efficacy of GMAA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such findings suggest that GMAA might have the effect of first-line therapy for steroid-naïve patients or patients with the first UC episode [2]–[4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2146__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Up to now, the most common medication for UC has been corticosteroids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most patients experience adverse side effects while on high-dose and long-term corticosteroids, adding to the disease complications and poor quality of life."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, GMAA is favoured by patients for its safety, and patients with active UC can successfully be treated with GMAA without adding corticosteroids."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition to the reported efficacy outcomes [2]–[5], I feel that the safety profile of GMAA is an attractive feature of this non-drug-based therapeutic intervention because adverse effects often compromise patients’ compliance with the treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2146__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another factor, which must be considered when selecting a treatment option, is the treatment cost."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When compared with corticosteroids, GMAA is expensive; one treatment session costs approximately €800."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__critique__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this in mind, if GMAA can spare patients from corticosteroids, hospitalisation and surgery, it should be cost-effective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2146__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2146", "paragraph_id": "triad_2146__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SIRS, We thank Dr. Yamamoto for his interest in our article [1], and for his letter regarding the role of granulocyte ⁄ monocyte adsorptive apheresis in the management of ulcerative colitis [2]. Although we agree with his general points regarding the possible benefit of granulocyte ⁄ monocyte adsorptive apheresis in ulcerative colitis, in terms of remission rates and corticosteroid-sparing effects, most of these were observed in Japanese patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__response__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The only sham-controlled study conducted in a Western population, to date, failed to demonstrate any clear benefit of therapy [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__response__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We therefore feel that it is a little premature to speculate on the cost-effectiveness of this therapy in ulcerative colitis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2146__response__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As we stated in our article, what is actually required are convincing high-quality data that granulocyte ⁄ monocyte adsorptive apheresis is effective in Western patients with ulcerative colitis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2146/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1822252353_W1602352943_W1535143564", "triad_name": "triad_2146", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2146__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This was a randomized, controlled, nonblinded interventional animal study, the protocol for which was approved by the Karadeniz Technical University Animal Care and Ethics Committee."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thirty mature male Wistar rats (10 weeks old, weighing 240 g to 250 g) were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The animals were kept in steel cages until the day of the study at a room temperature of 22 C and were given water and standard rat chow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the last 12 hours before the study they were given only water."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study was performed on 30 male rats randomized into six individuals in each experimental group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During allocation into randomized groups, 30 rats of the same weight were numbered from 1 to 30."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rats were allocated ran- domly into each group chosen one by one, resulting in five groups of six rats each."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To maintain uniformity through the study, interventions were con- ducted on each rat in each group at the same time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Intramuscular injection of 50 mg/kg of xylazine was used for general anesthesia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Torsion was performed by rotating the left testis 720 degrees clockwise and maintained by fixing the testis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The wound was closed with 4-0 catgut sutur- ing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bilateral castrations were performed 2 and 4 hours after torsion for the torsion groups (groups II and IV, respectively), and blood samples were taken with use of laparotomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Control group rats were subjected to the same surgi- cal procedures as the other rats except for the TT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The control groups were as follows: sham group (received no treatment, only scrotal incision); scrotal incision and dissection of testes were performed without any torsion and then the skin closure in groups I and III."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The blood samples were obtained immediately from the sham group and 2 and 4 hours after the intervention for the other control groups (groups I and III), respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Testicular tissue samples from torsioned and contralateral testes were stored frozen until analyzed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ischemia-modified albumin levels were measured."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Myeloperoxidase and MDA levels also were measured at the same time for comparison with ischemia-modified albumin values by a biochemist blinded to which groups the animals came from."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Blood samples were taken on admission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Serum and plasma samples were prepared with 15 minutes of centrifugation at 1,800 Â g. The specimens were pipetted into Eppendorf tubes and stored at À80 C."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reduced cobalt to albumin binding capacity (ischemia-modified albumin level) was analyzed with use of the rapid and colorimetric method of Bar-Or et al. ( 8, 9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results were reported as absorbance units."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Levels of rat MPO were deter- mined with use of an ELISA kit (Hycult Biotech, Uden, the Netherlands), ac- cording to the manufacturer's instructions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The absorbance of samples was measured at 450 nm with use of a VersaMax tunable microplate reader (de- signed by the Molecular Devices Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results were expressed as nanograms per milliliter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Malondialdehyde levels in plasma samples for determining MDA levels were established with use of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method developed by Yagi in 1984 (10)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A piece of testis tissue was used to measure MDA levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The sample was minced and homogenized in an ice-cold 1.15% KCl solution containing 0.05% Triton X-100 with use of an Ultra-Turrax T25 homogenizer (Janke and Kunkel IKA, Staufen, Germany)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Tissue MDA levels were determined with use of the method described by Mihara and Uchiyama (11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Tetramethoxypropane was used as a standard, and MDA levels were calculated as nanomoles per gram of wet tissue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Testicular tissue samples were fixed immediately in Bouin's solution, dehydrated, cleared, and embedded in paraffin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Tissue sections (4-5 mm) were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and examined under a light microscope (Olympus BX-51; Olympus Co, Tokyo, Japan) by a histologist, in a blind, randomly numbered fashion, with no knowledge of which testis was being studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A four-level grading scale, similar to that described by Cosentino et al., was used to quantify histologic injury (12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Histopathologic grading criteria were as follows: Grade 1 showed normal testicular architecture with an orderly arrangement of germinal cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Grade 2 injury showed less orderly noncohesive germinal cells and closely packed seminiferous tubules."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Grade 3 injury exhibited disordered sloughed germinal cells with shrunken pyknotic nuclei and less distinct seminiferous tubule borders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Grade 4 injury defined seminiferous tubules closely packed with coagulative necrosis of the germinal cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Analysis of the ischemia-modified albumin, MPO, and MDA levels of the same-time control and torsion groups was performed with use of the Mann-Whitney U test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Time-dependent changes in parameters were analyzed with use of Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (Mann-Whit- ney U test with corrected Bonferroni test)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The histopathologic comparison between contralateral testes was performed with the Mann-Whitney U test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Spearman's correlation analysis was used to assess relationship between bio- chemical parameters and histopathologic scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Statistical significance was assumed at a level of P<.05."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Chronologic changes in biochemical parameters among the groups are given in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Time-dependent change in serum ischemia- modified albumin levels, the only biochemical parameter in which we determined a significant change in torsion-related blood levels, is shown in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No correlation was determined between ischemia-modified albumin levels and blood and tissue MDA and MPO levels (P>.05 for all correlations)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Macroscopic evaluation of testes revealed no color change or pathol- ogy in the sham and control groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The normal pinkish color of the testes changed in groups II and IV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sham group testicular tissue ex- hibited a normal microscopic structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Significant structural differ- ences were observed between the sham groups and groups II and IV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were occasional pyknotic nuclei in the germinal cells, irregu- larity in the seminiferous tubules, and distinct tubular damage in 1334 Kutlu et al. Ischemia-modified albumin in testicular torsion Vol. 95, No. 4, March 15, 2011 tubular epithelial cells in group II."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Distinct tubular damage was ob- served in group IV in both testes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Lesions in the seminiferous tubule epithelial cells were quite distinct."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There were widespread pyknotic nuclei and atrophy in the germinal epithelial cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The mean micro- scopic lesion scores of the groups were determined and are shown in Table 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a positive correlation between histopathologic scores of torsioned and contralateral testes (r ¼ 0.54, P¼.002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results emerging from analysis of the correlation between histopathologic scores and biochemical parameters are shown in Table 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was a significant correlation between histopathologic score and blood and tissue MPO levels only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was significantly greater histopathologic damage in the 4-hour torsion group compared with all others, and the serum ischemia-modified albumin levels in this group were also signifi- cantly higher than those of the other groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Malondialdehyde and MPO levels exhibited no other significant differences in terms of the values determined in the other groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evident histopathologic damage was greater in the 2-hour torsion group (group II) compared with the control group, though no signif- icant difference was observed in biochemical parameters compared with any of the other groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to available databases, this study is the first to examine ischemia-modified albumin as a biochemical parameter of TT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ac- cording to our findings, ischemia-modified albumin levels in blood specimens taken after 4 hours of torsion were significantly higher than those in other groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the highest level of histopath- ologic damage in both torsioned and contralateral testes and the highest ischemia-modified albumin levels were determined in group IV, there was no significant correlation between ischemia-modified albumin levels and histopathologic damage."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Delay in the diagnosis of TT may result in the loss of a testis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, TT is without doubt the most important of all those con- ditions responsible for an acute scrotum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The torsion must be treated promptly to avoid loss of function of the ipsilateral and contralateral testis (13)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In experimental TT there is a consensus that an ischemic period >4 to 6 hours will result in permanent tissue damage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If this emergency condition is not treated within 4 to 6 hours, testicular necrosis will occur."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Mammalian testes are extremely sensitive to oxidative free radical damage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Spermatic cord torsion is characterized by tissue hypoxia and eventually by necrosis of germinal cells that give rise to subfertility or infertility 14)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The main pathology of TT is ischemia followed by reperfu- sion injury of the testis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0019__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This injury is associated with overproduc- tion of reactive oxygen species and can cause tissue damage through cell membrane lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation, and DNA damage (15)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies with a rat model of TT have demonstrated that a 720-degree rotation of the testis for 2 hours followed by reperfu- sion causes a significant increase in testicular MDA and MPO levels (16, 17)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In an experimental study of testis torsion performed on rats, Cay et al. ( 18) determined that tissue MDA levels were significantly higher in both the torsion and torsion-detorsion groups compared with the control group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a recent study by Aktas x et al. ( 19), MDA levels were significantly higher in the testicular torsion group, but, although MPO levels were higher in the torsion group compared with the control group, the difference was not statistically signifi- cant."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We determined a significant correlation between histopatho- logic score and blood and tissue MPO levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, there was no significant difference between the torsion and control groups in terms of blood and tissue MDA or MPO."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ischemia-modified albumin is a new and sensitive biomarker of ischemia and oxidative stress."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The U.S. Food and Drug Administra- tion recently licensed ischemia-modified albumin for diagnostic use in suspected myocardial ischemia (20)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, high ischemia- modified albumin concentrations do not seem to depend purely on myocardial involvement, and other organs appear to be respon- sible for the increase in ischemia-modified albumin levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ischemia-modified albumin levels may rise during ischemia- reperfusion, affecting any organ, and cannot be considered together with oxidative stress."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Studies have demonstrated that many condi- tions may elevate ischemia-modified albumin levels (21-24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The present study is the first to evaluate ischemia-modified albumin levels in TT, in which ischemic and oxidative stress conditions that affect the formation of ischemia-modified albumin are particu- larly evident."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Although no significant correlation between histo- pathologic damage and serum ischemia-modified albumin levels was determined in our study, significantly high histopathologic damage was present in the 4-hour torsion group, and, although not significant, prominently high levels in the contralateral testes (within the critical first 4-6 hours for early diagnosis of TT) (group IV) compared with the other groups and serum ischemia-modified albumin levels also were significantly higher in this group com- pared with the others."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0021__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In addition, because of a positive correlation between histopathologic scores of torsioned testes and contralateral testes, ischemia-modified albumin may be important as a prognostic factor for the status of the testes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, despite some limitations, the results from this pio- neering study established a high level of ischemia-modified albumin in TT, indicating a potential value for TT diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Considering the rapid result availability and sensitivity of ischemia-modified albu- min, with respect to the ischemia, it definitely has value as adjunc- tive to available diagnostic tools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may have even higher importance when high-resolution ultrasound with color-flow Dopp- ler and radionuclide imaging are not available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This study is novel with respect to establishing increased levels of ischemia-modified albumin in TT, and there is a potential for ischemia-modified albu- min levels in prediction of prognosis, which should be addressed in further studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are some limitations to this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first limiting feature is that the effect on ischemia-modified albumin levels of other causes of acute scrotal pain, such as acute epididymitis and orchitis, which should be considered during differential diagnosis for mesen- teric ischemia, is as yet unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a clear increase in ischemia-modified albumin levels after TT in this study, and this may serve as evidence to avoid unnecessary surgery. But considering the experimental nature of the evidence, there is a need for additional evidence including from clinical cases for the sensitivity of ischemia-modified albu- min in TT, as possible normal ischemia-modified albumin levels would cause a delayed surgery and consequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study also had some limitations in terms of the model used because experimental TT may not mimic typical TT cases seen in practice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_785__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_785__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the recently published article by Kutlu et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the article, the authors showed that rats that had been operated to produce testicular torsion had a higher level of ischemia-modified albumin 4 hours after the onset of the disorder."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors highlighted that although the blood and tissue MDA and MPO levels showed no difference between groups, the ischemia-modified albumin levels showed significant a difference in 4-hour torsion group compared with other groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The results derived from the animal study showed a high level of ischemia-modified albumin in testicular torsion (TT), indicating a potential value for TT diagnosis, and the value of ischemia-modified albumin level in TT should be investigated with respect to prognosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_785__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However we would point out the chemical specificity of ischemia-modified albumin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ischemia-modified albumin was first reported by Bar-Or et al., who found the new protein, with an altered metal-binding site of human serum albumin, after the onset of cardiac ischemia [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Human serum albumin is a peptide consisting of 585 amino acids with a unique amino acid sequence at its amino terminus-N-terminus, which serves as the primary binding site for the transitional metals cobalt, copper, and nickel ions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bar-Or also emphasized that the unique structure of serum albumin was found only in humans, and was not in other species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Rat serum albumin has 608 amino acids, including the signal and pro-peptide sequences at the N-terminus, is of a different size than of its homolog-human."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Comparison of the amino acid composition of rat serum albumin with that of human albumin shows rat albumin to contain relatively more tyrosine and relatively less lysine, cystine, and leucine [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_785__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on previous research, Bar-Or et al. postulated that significant molecular changes to or loss of portions of the N-terminus of HSA could reduce the in vivo transitional metal binding capacity of HSA either during myocardial ischemia or during reperfusion immediately after the ischemia event [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The following research was also about myocardial ischemia, especially in patients following coronary artery bypass operation and percutaneous coronary intervention surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, there was no animal study on ischemia-modified albumin of myocardial ischemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Specific portions that are highly conserved often correspond to important sites, such as metal ion binding sites, in the final protein or are important to the final configuration of the protein."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The human metal ion binding site is not conserved, because it is not found in any other species."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "So we do not think an animal model is suitable for monitoring the ischemia-modified albumin level changes in any disease before examining the binding capability of rat serum albumin for transitional metal ions, as well as identifying the binding site itself."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_785__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Additional research shows that ischemia-modified albumin is affected in skeletal muscle ischemia, mesenteric ischemia, intermittent claudication, stroke, end-stage renal disease, metabolic syndrome, preeclampsia and other vascular ischemia diseases."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Summarizing the results, we can conclude that ischemia-modified albumin is sensitive to ischemia, but its lack of specificity for organs or diseases limits its diagnostic value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore we question the clinical applicability of using ischemia-modified albumin to diagnose TT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_785__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First of all, we would like to thank Zheng et al. for their interest [1] in our study and also to the editor for giving us the chance to share this information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ischemia modified albumin (IMA) has recently been investigated in many studies and has largely been validated for the early detection of ischemia [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The reduced cobalt binding capacity of albumin (IMA level) was first investigated with a colorimetric assay developed by Bar-Or et al. [ 3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We used this method described by Bar-Or et al. [ 3] to determine serum IMA levels in rats and rabbits in our research because of the homology of the cobalt binding site between rat, rabbit and human serum albumin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_785__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Zheng et al. state in their letter, Peters et al. showed that rat serum albumin differs from human serum albumin in terms of amino acid levels [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, Appleton et al. showed that bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin and rat serum albumin exhibit a characteristic preferential binding of one copper (II) ion [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The amino acid sequence in the N-terminal binding site for rat and rabbit serum albumin is N-Glu-Ala-His-Lys (GenBank accession number: NM_134326.2, NM_001082344.1) and for human serum albumin, N-Asp-Ala-His-Lys (GenBank accession number: NM_000477.5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mechanism that causes the modification of albumin during ischemia was explained by Bar-Or et al. [ 3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They demonstrated that this modification was an alteration in the Asp-Ala-His-Lys sequences in the albumin N terminus [3, 6–9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_785__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transient metals including cobalt, nickel and copper binding regions consisting of aspartic acid, alanine, histidine and lysine are the first 4 amino acids of the N terminus indicated by Bar-Or et al. [ 7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The third residue, histidine, has the major role of binding copper [10, 11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rat and rabbit serum albumin exhibit homology to human serum albumin in the amino acid sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rat and rabbit albumin has 608 and human 609 amino acids, including a signal peptide at the N terminus [12–14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although Zheng et al. mentioned the difference between the amino acid sequence and size of the peptides, human, rat and rabbit albumin consists of 585, 584, 584 amino acids, respectively, excluding the signal peptides."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Metal binding domains differ by one residue, an aspartic acid and glutamic acid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These amino acids are similar structurally and chemically, and both are acidic amino acids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In the binding domain, histidine assumes the major role and this residue is a common one."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_785__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "785", "paragraph_id": "triad_785__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our presented results showed that IMA levels can be an important marker in the diagnosis of testicular torsion (TT) [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The literature contains many studies, similar to our own, investigating IMA levels in rats and rabbits [16, 17, 18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These studies, which enjoy wide acceptance in the literature and have attracted wide interest are in fact of the nature of preliminary studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_785__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the light of all this information, we think that our research method is valid and widely accepted in the literature and that it can serve as a guide on such an important subject as TT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_785/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2095555919_W2031272945_W3000529567", "triad_name": "triad_785", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_785__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are responsible for the largest share of total health- related burden in the European Union (EU): they account for approximately 9 out of every 10 deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The four major NCDs, cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes mellitus, are responsible for at least 25% of the total healthcare spending, which is equivalent to an economic cost of 2% of the EU gross domestic product [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among the avoidable risk factors, energy-dense diets high in fat, sugars and salt and low in fibre are one of the key risk factors for NCDs, thus contributing to the high health and economic burden linked to them [3,4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Many national programs and strategies, both voluntary and mandatory, are in place to regulate marketing of front-of-pack labelling of such products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, efforts to improve the nutritional quality of the food offerings are underway at the EU level through voluntary policies (Frameworks for National Salt Initiatives (2008) [5], National Initiatives on selected nutrients (2011) [6], the Annexes on Saturated Fat (2012) [7] and Added Sugars (2015) [8] and the roadmap for Action on Food Product Improvement (2016) [9]), and mandatory targets, standards and restrictions on nutrient content of industrially processed foods (i.e., Directive for the prohibition of added sugars in fruit juices (2012) [10] and the Regulation on trans fats (2019) [11])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More recently, the importance of healthy diets is also highlighted by the Farm to Fork Strategy [12] and Europe's Beating Cancer Plan [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Beyond promoting a common European approach towards salt, sugars and fat intake reductions, these initiatives aim at encouraging a participatory engagement with public authorities and the food-processing sector, holding them accountable for food reformulation progress."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Independent of the type of action undertaken at national and regional levels, mon- itoring and surveillance are crucial to understand the progress towards achieving the reformulation initiatives' targets [14,15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The comparison between food and nutritional data across Europe is often hampered by the lack of standardisation and harmonisation between national food classifications, nomenclatures or sources of data [16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In this sense, one of the objectives of the Joint Action on Implementation of Validated Best Practices in Nutrition (Best-ReMaP) [17] is to work towards developing a European Standardised Monitoring system for the reformulation of processed foods for countries without existing systems, based on already available tools and expertise."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0002__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, given that this initiative started at the end of 2020, results will take time to materialise."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the absence of an existing and consolidated system to monitor Europe-wide refor- mulation efforts, this paper aims to assess progress on the existing commitments across European countries between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For that, we combine detailed market share and sales data with nutrition composition data from Euromonitor International to calcu- late market-share weighted averages of salt, total sugars, saturated fat and fibre content in selected food groups-most of them prioritised in several European frameworks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By integrating changes in nutritional composition of the food offer with changes in sales, this approach also provides insights into the 'true' average nutrient contents sold to consumers through different packaged food and soft drinks categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite not measuring exactly what individuals have consumed, market data can be used by researchers and policymak- ers to keep track of the overall nutritional quality of the packaged food and drinks offered to and purchased by citizens [18-24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The limited availability of food supply and composition data poses several challenges on assessing reformulation initiatives, which may explain why empirical peer-reviewed studies in this area have been relatively sparse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studies reporting de facto changes have mainly taken advantage of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys to analyse the nutritional quality of the food supply over time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most of these studies have mainly focused on evaluating the trends of a specific nutrient in selected food groups [19,21,23,25,26], or intended to compare the nutritional quality of similar food products across different countries at a specific point in time [16,18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Compared to national dietary surveys and food composition tables, a third-party can offer more granular, frequent and standardised information on food sales and composition data disaggregated by type of product and brands, also avoiding reliance on individual recall [24]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, through the use of detailed and up-to-date commercially supplied food sales and composition data for many European countries, we attempt to reduce the literature gap by assessing the nutritional quality of packaged food and soft drinks sold through the retail sector, looking at several nutrients and food groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "By directly comparing the recent trends among many European countries, our findings allow the identification of food groups and nutrients that have presented progress as well as those that require more attention from policymakers, industry and consumers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Euromonitor International [27] is a commercial global market research company providing data on the Packaged Food and Soft Drinks industries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their Packaged Food and Soft Drinks databases include market-sized data of food/drink subcategories in value and volume terms, in addition to product/brand and company shares-which are available in volume and value terms for Soft Drinks, but only in value for the Packaged Food industry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, the Nutrition database displays nutrient market sales volumes, and brand volumes on retails sales as well as back-of-pack labelling information on nutrient content (energy, carbohydrates, sugars, fibre, fat, saturated fat, protein and salt) per 100 g (or 100 mL) for the Soft Drinks and Packaged Food industries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Packaged Food/Soft Drinks and Nutrition data have been available since 2005 and 2014 respectively, until 2019, covering 5 subcategories of Soft Drinks and 16 subcategories of Packaged Food."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Both datasets are frequently updated with five years of back-trended historic data and five years of forecasts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Euromonitor employs a research methodology of sourcing nutrition data predom- inantly online through brand/retailer websites, with store checks carried out when the information cannot be found online."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Nutrition database only tracks products sold through retail outlets (excluding, for example, restaurants, cafés/bars and vending ma- chines)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, only retail sales are considered in this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The company relies on: (i) the regular updates of the relevant retailer's websites, and (ii) the accuracy of the data provided on the label-so it is assumed that manufacturers provide accurate and up-to-date information in line with EU regulations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Within Europe, the company researches nutrition data for 19 of the EU27 countries (Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Hungary, Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden), the United Kingdom and 2 countries that are part of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Norway and Switzerland."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Market data is available for 28 European countries."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As for all countries for which nutrition data is available market data also is, our study focuses on the 22 European countries listed above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As there is no pre-existing integration of Packaged Food/Soft Drinks and Nutrition databases available in the company's platform, we created a key variable with the lowest level of product disaggregation (product/brand), which enabled the matching between both databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this analysis, we focused on 14 categories and 152 subcategories (see Table A1, Appendix A) of packaged foods and soft drinks that commonly represent major sources of added sugars, salt, saturated fat and fibre across different European countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, these were also targeted in several national priorities and plans as well as in regional initiatives, such as the 2011 EU Framework for National Initiatives on Selected Nutrients [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After compiling and extracting market and nutrition data at the product/brand level, we removed those entries with: (i) missing market share, (ii) zero market share, (iii) missing/zero market value/volume and (iv) missing sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre content data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each remaining product/brand, we calculated the annual volume sold (in litres for Soft Drinks and tonnes for all other products) by multiplying the market share (in %) and the annual volume sold of the corresponding subcategory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given that the market share data in volume terms is available only for Soft Drinks in Euromonitor, we used the value share to calculate total volume sold for all other categories, which may overestimate the volume sold of products that are more expensive per unit volume."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We later estimated the market coverage for each category/subcategory based on the sum of total volumes of products in each category and the total volume of the category directly extracted from Euromonitor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2020, Euromonitor modified the 2019 Nutrition edition data structure from a product/brand level to a stock-keeping unit (or SKU) approach, which no longer allows the direct integration of market and nutrition data at the product/brand level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, to ensure consistency, repeatability and reproducibility of our analysis, we used sales data from 2015 and 2018, which corresponds to data released by Euromonitor in 2016 and 2019."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 presents the final list of packaged food and beverages categories assessed in this paper, and the number of products/brands contained in each category and the respective market coverage by country in 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Overall, more than 23,000 products/brands were analysed across 14 packaged food and soft drinks categories, covering, on average, 72% of the market for these categories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also possible to notice that some categories such as Dairy, Soft Drinks, Sauces, Dressings and Condiments (S, D & C), Confectionary and Sweet Biscuits, present many product variants."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data for 2015 covers approximately 22,400 products/brands that jointly represent 68% of the market (Table A2, Appendix A), which suggests that the total number of products by category and their respective market coverage remained relatively constant over the 2015-2018 period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the high number of products/brands, some categories (such as Rice, Pasta and Noodles (R, P & N) and Baked Goods) present a relatively lower market coverage, while others contained few products that jointly represent a significant part of the total market in some countries (e.g., three products/brands represented 66% of the Greek market for soups), which justifies the focus of the analysis of the nutrient contents at the category level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To evaluate the broader nutrient profile of the food offer in Europe, we took into account the market dynamics of each product category/subcategory by adopting a market- share weighted average approach [18,19,21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For this, we calculated the total annual retail volume (in grams/millilitres) of product/brand i (V i ) and their respective category V (V = ∑ i V i )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If N i represents the salt, sugars, saturated fat or fibre content of each product/brand i (in grams per 100 g/100 mL) and M i indicates their corresponding market share (in % volume for Soft Drinks and in % value for all other categories), we can calculate the weighted mean nutrient content (N) at the category level as follows:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on these estimates, we later calculated per capita nutrient sales values (g/pc/day) using mid-year population data for 2015 and 2018 from the European Health for all Database (HFA-DB) [28] and scaled these estimates according to the respective market coverage (as presented in Table 1) to represent 100% of the retail market."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, while we are able to identify the contribution of specific products/brands to the overall quantity of nutrients sold within major packaged food and soft drinks categories in the EU, we followed [20,22] and assumed that the remainder of the market presents the same characteristics and evolution as our sample."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This assumption minimizes data distortion given that many categories present a relatively high market coverage, and its magnitude remained stable across the analysed years [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, this assumption is founded on the fact that small and local companies represented by the remainder of the market are less likely to have the capacity for reformulation [20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data are reported as weighted mean, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, median, minimum and maximum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Linear regressions were used to generate two-tailed, homoscedas- tic Student's t-tests to identify if there was a significant change in the weighted and arith- metic mean nutrient content of packaged food and soft drinks categories between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All data were analysed using the STATA/SE version 15.1, and R."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 1 presents our estimates of the daily per capita sales of total sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre of all packaged food and soft drinks categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These estimates were pro- portionally scaled by the respective market coverage (as presented in Table 1) to represent 100% of the retail market in Europe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For sugars, it is possible to observe that sales from Soft Drinks, Confectionary, Dairy and Baked Goods represent approximately 80% of per capita daily sugars sales across the 9 packaged food and soft drinks categories considered in this analysis in both years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Dairy, Processed M & S, Baked Goods and Sweet Biscuits account for the largest per capita daily sales of saturated fat."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The largest volumes of salt per day were sold through Processed M & S, Baked Goods and S, D & C; for fibre, only one category (Baked Goods) accounted for approximately 45% of total per capita sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The per capita amount of nutrients being sold every day through the analysed categories totalled almost 70 g for sugars, 8 g for saturated fat, 3 g for salt and 7 g for fibre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As a reference, the total amount of calories sold together with these nutrients corresponded to approximately 600, 622, 595 and 600 kcal/pc/day, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The per capita amount of nutrients being sold every day through the analysed cat- egories totalled almost 70 g for sugars, 8 g for saturated fat, 3 g for salt and 7 g for fibre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a reference, the total amount of calories sold together with these nutrients corre- sponded to approximately 600, 622, 595 and 600 kcal/pc/day, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also evaluated the absolute changes in daily per capita sales of total sugars, satu- rated fat, salt and fibre between 2015 and 2018 for all packaged food and soft drinks cate- gories analysed in this paper (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can provide insights into the progress to- wards reducing sugars, saturated fat and salt as well as increasing fibre intakes in the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Observed trends can be a result of innovation in the food offer, of changes in market share and volumes of products with certain nutrient profiles, or a combination of both."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the European level, we observed increases in sales of sugars for 6 out of the 9 categories analysed: Sweet Biscuits (0.69 g/pc/day), Confectionary (0.44 g/pc/day), S, D & C and Sweet Spreads (0.18 g/pc/day), Baked Goods (0.17 g/pc/day)and Dairy (0.07 g/pc/day)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Soft Drinks and Breakfast Cereals presented a decrease of 0.63 and 0.06 g/pc/day, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For saturated fat, a notable reduction was estimated for Processed M & S (−0.17 g/pc/day), and increases of 0.05 g/pc/day were observed for Ready Meals and Savoury Snacks, as well as for Dairy (0.02 g/pc/day)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Breakfast Cereals and S, D & C presented variations of less than 0.01 g/pc/day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, more salt was sold through Baked Goods (0.05 g/pc/day), S, D & C (0.03 g/pc/day) and Savoury Snacks (0.01 g/pc/day) between 2015 and 2018, while for Processed M & S and Processed F & V, we estimated reductions of 0.06 and 0.01 g/pc/day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Less fibre was also sold through Baked Goods (−0.15 g/pc/day), Processed F & V (−0.10 g/pc/day) and Ready Meals (−0.03 g/pc/day); conversely, more fibre was present in sales of Savoury Snacks (0.04 g/pc/day) and Breakfast Cereals (0.03 g/pc/day)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also evaluated the absolute changes in daily per capita sales of total sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre between 2015 and 2018 for all packaged food and soft drinks categories analysed in this paper (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can provide insights into the progress towards reducing sugars, saturated fat and salt as well as increasing fibre intakes in the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Observed trends can be a result of innovation in the food offer, of changes in market share and volumes of products with certain nutrient profiles, or a combination of both."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the European level, we observed increases in sales of sugars for 6 out of the 9 categories analysed: Sweet Biscuits (0.69 g/pc/day), Confectionary (0.44 g/pc/day), S, D & C and Sweet Spreads (0.18 g/pc/day), Baked Goods (0.17 g/pc/day)and Dairy (0.07 g/pc/day)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Soft Drinks and Breakfast Cereals presented a decrease of 0.63 and 0.06 g/pc/day, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For saturated fat, a notable reduction was estimated for Processed M & S (−0.17 g/pc/day), and increases of 0.05 g/pc/day were observed for Ready Meals and Savoury Snacks, as well as for Dairy (0.02 g/pc/day)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Breakfast Cereals and S, D & C presented variations of less than 0.01 g/pc/day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, more salt was sold through Baked Goods (0.05 g/pc/day), S, D & C (0.03 g/pc/day) and Savoury Snacks (0.01 g/pc/day) between 2015 and 2018, while for Processed M & S and Processed F & V, we estimated reductions of 0.06 and 0.01 g/pc/day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Less fibre was also sold through Baked Goods (−0.15 g/pc/day), Processed F & V (−0.10 g/pc/day) and Ready Meals (−0.03 g/pc/day); conversely, more fibre was present in sales of Savoury Snacks (0.04 g/pc/day) and Breakfast Cereals (0.03 g/pc/day)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also found heterogeneous patterns when scrutinizing the changes in the amount of nutrients sold in packaged foods and soft drinks per country."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By focusing only on the categories which presented the largest variations in the analysed period, Figures 3-10 compare, in detail, the 2018 levels of daily per capita nutrients sold through se- lected categories with the respective estimated variation between 2015 and 2018 for all coun- tries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figures A1-A10 (Appendix A) present the results for other packaged food categories."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For Soft Drinks, despite the regional decrease in the per capita sugars sales attributable to this product category, 6 countries (Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Finland) had their respective sales increased between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the case of Hungary and Bulgaria, this was equivalent to an additional more than 3 g/pc/day of sugars sold to consumers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mixed results are also found for Sweet Biscuits: notably, while few countries with large per capita levels of total sugars sales (e.g., the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Ireland) had their sales reduced, countries with relatively lower sales of sugars (such as Romania, Greece and Bulgaria) increased their per capita sugar sales attributable to these products between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conversely, for Confectionary, relatively large rises in daily per capita volumes of total sugars sales observed in Ireland, UK, Austria, Finland and Sweden might explain the overall increase at the European level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similar patterns are also visualised for Sweet Spreads and the estimated increase in sugars sold as Sweet Spreads in Norway, Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Netherlands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figures 3 and 4 summarize our estimates of total sugars sold through Soft Drinks, Sweet Biscuits, Confectionary and Sweet Spreads in the analysed period, in which red and green colours show respective increases and decreases in our daily per capita estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figures 5 and 6 show that there is also a lot of variability in the amount of saturated fat sold through Processed M & S, Savoury Snacks, Ready Meals and Baked Goods across Europe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With relatively high levels of sales, Germany, Hungary and France presented reductions of approximately 0.3 g/pc/day on the respective daily per capita volumes of saturated fat sold as Processed M & S. However, with the exception of Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, Italy and France, all countries presented an increase in the per capita levels of saturated fat sold as Savoury Snacks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similar patterns were also observed for Baked Goods and Ready Meals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in Figure 7, daily per capita volumes of salt sold as Baked Goods have mainly increased in countries with relatively higher levels of sales (e.g., Germany, Czech Republic, Norway and Bulgaria)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For Processed M & S (Figure 7) and S, D & C (Figure 8), results are more heterogeneous across countries: while notable decreases were observed for Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic and the Netherlands for the former and Slovakia, Czech Republic and Denmark for the latter, proportional increases were also estimated for Romania and the UK, as well as the UK and Portugal, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the per capita volumes of salt sold as Savoury Snacks appeared to have consistently increased in all countries, with the exception of Belgium, Denmark, France and Bulgaria."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also found heterogeneous patterns when scrutinizing the changes in the amount of nutrients sold in packaged foods and soft drinks per country."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By focusing only on the categories which presented the largest variations in the analysed period, Figures 3-10 compare, in detail, the 2018 levels of daily per capita nutrients sold through selected cat- egories with the respective estimated variation between 2015 and 2018 for all countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figures A1-A10 (Appendix A) present the results for other packaged food categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "ductions of approximately 0.3 g/pc/day on the respective daily per capita volumes of sat urated fat sold as Processed M & S. However, with the exception of Germany, the Neth erlands, Denmark, Italy and France, all countries presented an increase in the per capita levels of saturated fat sold as Savoury Snacks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similar patterns were also observed for Baked Goods and Ready Meals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As shown in Figure 7, daily per capita volumes of salt sold as Baked Goods have mainly increased in countries with relatively higher levels of sales (e.g., Germany, Czech Republic, Norway and Bulgaria)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For Processed M & S (Figure 7) and S, D & C (Figure 8), results are more heterogeneous across countries: while notable decreases were observed for Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic and the Netherlands for the former and Slovakia, Czech Republic and Denmark for the latter, proportional increases were also estimated for Romania and the UK, as well as the UK and Portugal, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, the per Figure 9 examines the overall changes in daily per capita sales of fibre attributable to Baked Goods and Breakfast Cereals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For the first category, the reductions observed at the European level reflect the decreases estimated for countries with relatively high levels of fibre sales (e.g., the Netherlands, Denmark and Finland)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Similarly, countries such as Ire- land, the UK, Finland and Norway have presented increases of more than 0.2 g/pc/day in their respective per capita fibre sales of Breakfast Cereals; at the same time, almost no expressive variation was observed for countries with relatively low levels per capita of fibre sales coming from Breakfast Cereals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0027__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Conversely, more heterogeneous results were"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 presents the overall results as distributions of total sugars in grams per 100 mL for Soft Drinks and grams per 100 g for all other packaged food categories (Breakfast Cereals, S, D & C, Sweet Biscuits, Baked Goods, Processed Fruits, Dairy, Soft Drinks, Confectionary and Sweet Spreads) across Europe in 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Confectionary, Sweet Spreads and Sweet Biscuits are the categories with the highest levels of weighted mean sugars content."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With the exception of Sweet Spreads, the sales-weighted mean sugars are lower than the arithmetic mean for all categories, which indicates that more sales came from the low-sugar products in 2015 and 2018."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The statistics related to the extremes of the distribution (maximum and minimum) suggest that outliers-that is, products with highest and lowest sugars content-might have remained in the market, and the relatively high standard deviations across all categories disclose a large heterogeneity of nutrient profiles at the product/brand level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As an example, for Breakfast Cereals, there were specific types of Hot Cereals and Flakes with sugars content of 0.5 and 68 g/100 g, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, under Confectionary, it is possible to identify medicated confectionery with sugar-free formulations and standard mints, with respective sugars content of 0 and 99.2 g/100 g. The differences between the arithmetic mean and median point to the fact that, with the exception of Breakfast Cereals, Confectionary and Sweet Spreads, all categories present more products with lower-than-the average sugars content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sweet Biscuits, Baked Goods, Processed Fruits and Vegetables (F & V) and S, D & C faced increases in the overall sugars content between 2015 and 2018 for both analysed means."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, for Confectionary, an estimated decrease was only observed for the weighted mean sugars content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the differences between weighted means were statistically significant only for Soft Drinks (p < 0.05), Sweet Biscuits (p < 0.05) and Breakfast Cereals (p < 0.10)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given that the arithmetic means of sugars content did not present a significant variation, these changes can be mainly explained by increases/decreases in sales volume of products with lower/higher sugar content, in the case of Soft Drinks and Breakfast Cereals, and increases/decreases in sales volume of products with higher/lower sugar content, particularly for Sweet Biscuits."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These statistically significant variations are also aligned with the estimated variations in per capita nutrient sales, reported in the previous sections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Table A3 (Appendix A) shows the variations (in g/100 and in %) of the market share weighted mean sugars content across countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mirroring the aggregated results at the European level, decreases in the weighted mean sugars content for Breakfast Cereals, Soft Drinks, Confectionary, Sweet Spreads and Dairy were observed for more than 70% of the countries-with notable exceptions of increases in Bulgaria (4% or 0.4 g/100 mL), Czech Republic (6% or 0.5 g/100 mL) and Portugal (16% or 1.3 g/100 mL) in the case of Soft Drinks, and Czech Republic (5% or 0.5 g/100 g), Greece (5% or 0.4 g/100 g), Portugal (6% or 0.6 g/100 g), Poland (3% or 0.3 g/100 g) and Spain (9% or 0.9 g/100 g) for Dairy products."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some reductions in the weighted mean of Processed F & V were also estimated for most of the countries, with ranges from −1.7 g/100 g (or −26%) for Romania to −0.1 g/100 g (or −2%) for Italy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similarly, substantial differences in the weighted mean sugars content were found for S, D & C and Baked Goods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For Sweet Biscuits, the majority of the countries presented either an increase or have maintained the same levels of sugars in the products belonging to this category."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, our results indicate that the weighted mean sugars content estimated for different European countries was reduced, on average, in only 2 out of the 9 analysed categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in some countries, such as Denmark, Ireland and the Netherlands, declines in the weighted sugars content can be extended to 8 out of the 9 analysed categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nonetheless, the magnitude of these changes was rather small throughout all categories analysed: as an example, the weighted mean sugars content in Soft Drinks and in Processed F & V decreased by more than 5% in only 6 countries; for Confectionary, this was identified only in 4 countries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The statistics presented in Table 3 show that Sweet Biscuits, Processed M & S and Savoury Snacks have consistently presented the highest values of weighted mean saturated fat content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Except for Processed M & S, the weighted mean saturated fat content is lower than the respective arithmetic means for all categories in both analysed years, pointing out that products high in saturated fat were responsible for a comparatively smaller proportion of total sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The variability of data-represented by the standard deviation-remained virtually unchanged in the period, underpinning the large heterogeneity of saturated fat content in categories such as Sweet Biscuits, Savoury Snacks, Dairy and Baked Goods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since the arithmetic mean is higher than the median for all categories, the largest part of the products belonging to the analysed categories presented saturated fat content higher than the average."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Reductions in the market-weighted and arithmetic means of saturated fat were ob- served for Breakfast Cereals, S, D & C, Sweet Biscuits, Processed M & S, Soup and Savoury Snacks, while opposite trends were found for Dairy and Baked Goods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the hypothesis tests for differences between means unveiled a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the market-weighted mean only for Sweet Biscuits (−8.3% or −0.7 g/100 g) and Processed M & S (−5.7%, or −0.3 g/100 g), trends also observed in the analysis of nutrient content in per capita terms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No category presented statistically significant changes in the arithmetic mean of saturated fat content between 2015 and 2018."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Results were also heterogeneous at the country level (Table A4, Appendix A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Particu- larly for Breakfast Cereals, there were more countries reporting an increase in the weighted mean of saturated fat rather than a decrease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A notable example was Denmark (increments of 0.3 g/100 g or 42%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Results are relatively better for S, D & C and Processed M & S, for which more than 70% of the countries presented some reduction in the market-weighted saturated fat content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For these categories, the average change was −5% across the assessed countries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar trend was also observed for Sweet Biscuits and Savoury Snacks, for which declines in the weighted saturated fat content were estimated for 70% of the coun- tries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Considering Sweet Biscuits, notable reductions of the weighted mean of saturated fat content were observed in the UK (−2.7 g/100 g or −30%), Netherlands (−1.9 g/100 g or −20%), Ireland (−1.8 g/100 g or −20%) and Sweden (−1.6 g/100 g or −19%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Likewise, the weighted saturated fat content in Processed M & S products sold in the Netherlands, Poland and Slovakia decreased by more than 15% (or more than 0.7 g/100 g) over the last years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similar trends were also identified for Savoury Snacks in Germany (−0.8 g/100 g or −15%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 4 presents the overall statistics for the distributions of salt content in eight food categories (Ready Meals, S, D & C, Baked Goods, Processed M & S, Processed F & V, R, P & N, Savoury Snacks, Soup) across European countries in 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For Baked Goods, Processed M & S, Savoury Snacks and Processed F & V products, the market-weighted mean is higher than the arithmetic mean, which denotes that products with salt content higher than the arithmetic mean are proportionally and persistently sold in larger quantities than those with less."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, maximum values for S, D & C indicate that some of these products (a particular type of dry sauce) have several times more salt per 100 g than the daily salt intake recommended by the EU national health-related organisations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The tests for differences between means presented a statistically significant decline in the market-weighted mean only for Processed M & S. However, none of the arithmetic means unveiled statistical evidence of reduced salt content for the selected category."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This indicates that in this category, products with salt content less than the arithmetic mean gained market share over those with salt content above the arithmetic mean."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Baked Goods was the only category to report a higher market-weighted mean in 2018 compared to 2015, in statistically significant terms (p < 0.0001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Its arithmetic mean also showed an increase in the respective saturated fat content, albeit not statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0047__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The upward/downward trend in sales of salt content of Baked Goods and Processed M & S can be also visualised in the estimated per capita daily changes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were substantial variations between 2015 and 2018 in salt levels of manufactured foods throughout Europe (Table A5Results for the overall changes in fibre content are present in Table 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since the market- weighted mean is higher than the arithmetic mean only for Baked Goods, R, P & N and Processed F & V, it is possible to note that products with relatively higher fibre content were proportionally and persistently sold in larger quantities than those with less fibre content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A significant decrease from 2015 to 2018 in the weighted mean estimates points out that there were proportionally less sales coming from products with higher than arithmetic mean fibre contents for Ready Meals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is worth mentioning that the levels of fibre sold through products belonging to this category were already lower when compared to other analysed categories."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When assessing the evolution of the weighted mean fibre content at the national level, the results of Table A6 (Appendix A) also show remarkable heterogeneity among European countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "While approximately 60% of the countries had increased weighted mean fibre content in Sweet Spreads and Soups, the magnitude of this increment is, on average, not more than 2%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For other categories-such as Breakfast Cereals, R, P & N, Processed F & V and Savoury Snacks, only 30% of the countries presented an increase in their weighted mean fibre content over the past years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, increases in the weighted mean fibre content were found for 6 or more categories in Switzerland, Bulgaria, Slovakia and Spain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0048__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Specifically, for Ready Meals, there were reductions observed in 9 out of the 24 analysed countries, reaching −0.6 g/100 g (−7%) in the case of Denmark and −0.3 g/100 g (−5%) in the Czech Republic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We assessed the changes in the market-weighted nutrient mean only for products/brands that were available on the market both in 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This enabled us to better analyse the overall market dynamics as well as the reformulation trends in Europe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figures 11-14 present the estimated changes in the market-weighted mean of sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre content for products of the same brand and name observed in both years (\"paired\" products), which are plotted against the \"unpaired\" market-weighted nutrient means (reported in the Sections 3.2.1-3.2.4), calculated based on all products available in Euromonitor's database in any specific year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Significance levels are also shown for the weighted means that are statistically different from zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast, the weighted mean of sugars content in Breakfast Cereals and Soft Drinks dropped slightly more in paired products."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This could indicate that products with higher market share had their sugars content reduced, and/or that products with a relatively low amount of total sugars per 100 g had their sales increased."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It might also represent some reformulation effort from the leading brands towards reducing the sugars content in prod- ucts of these categories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0049__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The weighted mean of salt content in paired products of Baked Goods also followed similar trends, as they had a smaller statistically significant increase when compared to unpaired products."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For fibre, Figure 14 shows identical trends in the market-weighted mean fibre content for paired and unpaired products in Ready Meals."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This indicates that products with high fibre content may have been removed from the market, or products that have been intro- duced contained relatively low amounts of fibre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the same time, it is also possible that some reformulation towards increasing the fibre content in some of those products per- sisting in the market was carried out."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This paper analysed the trends of the nutritional quality of packaged food and soft drinks with respect to nutrients of public health priority, i.e., sugars, salt, saturated fat and fibre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We paired commercially available food composition data with market share and sales data and assessed 14 packaged foods and drinks categories sold in 22 European countries between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We provided novel insights on (i) how much of these nutrients were sold through these product groups in 2018 vs. 2015, (ii) how much the content of these nutrients changed in the food and drink offers and (iii) by analysing market-weighted mean nutrient contents, how the combination of nutrient content, sales and consumer preferences have evolved against public health nutrition objectives towards reducing intakes of sugars, saturated fat, salt and increasing those of fibre."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, our daily per capita estimates for Europe indicate that the largest volumes of nutrient sales come from few product categories: Soft Drinks, Confectionary, Dairy and Baked Goods represent almost 80% of daily per capita sugars sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For saturated fat, Dairy, Processed M & S, Baked Goods and Sweet Biscuits also accounted for a similar share of the estimated daily per capita sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Salt sold through Processed M & S, Baked Goods and S, D & C accounted for 75% of the total per capita sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the same time, only two categories (Baked Goods and Processed F & V) were responsible for almost 60% of per capita sales of fibre."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, the results of the absolute changes in daily per capita sales in Europe suggest that few categories presented improvements in their nutritional content: sugars in Breakfast Cereals and Soft Drinks, saturated fat in Processed M & S, Sweet Biscuits and Baked Goods, salt in Processed M & S and Processed F & V and fibre in Savoury Snacks, Breakfast Cereals and Sweet Biscuits."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite the progress observed in these categories, the magnitudes of the estimated changes lag behind when compared to the targets/benchmarks established by several initiatives, such as the 10% reduction for added sugars over a 5-year period [8], and the decreases of 16% and 5% for salt [5] and saturated fat [7] respectively, in 4-year periods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the European aggregate estimates are useful to track changes in nutrient sales over time, they also hide severe heterogeneities among countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, approximately 75% of the analysed countries presented some decrease in per capita levels of sugars sales attributable to Soft Drinks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, the overall reduction in per capita sales of salt attributable to Processed M & S could be mainly attributed to only 4 countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Likewise, few countries were the main contributors to the recent changes observed in daily per capita volumes of total sugars and fibres sold as Breakfast Cereals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Yet, despite some improvements observed in a few categories and nutrients, the progress against public health objectives on the amounts of sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre being sold to European citizens through packaged food and soft drinks is modest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The amounts sold remain close to the 2015 levels (70 g/pc/day for sugars, 8 g/pc/day for saturated fat, 3 g/pc/day for salt and 7 g/pc/day for fibre on a basis of approximately 600 kcal/pc/day), and when compared to reference intake values from the Food Information to Consumers (FIC) regulation (90 g/pc/day for sugars, 20 g/pc/day for saturated fat, 6 g/pc/day for salt) and adequate intake of 25 g/pc/day for fibre [29], all on a reference basis of 2000 kcal/pc/day, it is possible to note that the levels of sugars and salt are of the most concern."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, beyond identifying great variability of the nutritional composition within and among packaged food and soft drinks categories, our estimates of the market-share weighted mean nutrient values suggest that the aggregated amount of sugars sold to European citizens was reduced only in 2 out of the 9 analysed categories (Breakfast Cereals and Soft Drinks), and even increased in the case of Sweet Biscuits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For saturated fat, reductions were observed in 2 out of the 9 assessed categories (Sweet Biscuits and Processed M & S), and for salt, reductions were observed only for products belonging to Processed M & S, and a significant increase was even estimated for Baked Goods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In general, the magnitudes of the improvements were rather small since the overall amounts of sugars, saturated fat and salt sold through these categories decreased by 3.3%, 4.4% and 2.1%, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, statistically significant decreases in the market-share weighted fibre content were estimated for 1 out of the 9 assessed categories (Ready Meals) and overall, amounts of fibre sold across all product groups decreased by 2.1% between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, our comparative analysis between the market-share weighted nutrient mean of paired and unpaired products point to large differences in sales and reformulation dynamics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For some categories and nutrients (such as saturated fat in Processed M & S, saturated fat and sugars in Sweet Biscuits), the changes might be explained by the net effect of the introduction/discontinuation of products with lower/high nutrient content between 2015 and 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0056__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For others (e.g., sugars in Breakfast Cereals and Soft Drinks and salt in Baked Goods), overall changes could be attributable to reductions/increases in market share of products with relatively high/low nutrient content, but also to some reformulation of those products which have been persistently sold in the European market."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, for the nutrients and categories in which a statistically significant change in the market-weighted nutrient content was identified, similar trends were also observed for their daily per capita nutrient sales."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These findings consistently reflect different aspects of the overall quality of the food: the nutrient composition of the food supply and the average availability, market success of food and drinks with better or not so good nutrient profiles and the preferences of European citizens towards these products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, the fact that most of the categories did not present a statistically significant change in their market-weighted nutrient content may indicate that just reformulating products or launching new ones with better nutrient profiles does not suffice to markedly impact sales and population diets if consumer preference for such products does not increase contemporaneously."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Arguably, policies need to also address in parallel the food environment, supporting actions on educating, informing and incentivising consumers towards healthier choices."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, our results also suggest modest progress in the nutritional content of the food supply across the European countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For some categories, such as Dairy, Sweet Biscuits and Confectionary, decreases of more than 5% in the respective market-share weighted total sugars content (in g/100 g) were observed only for 5 out of the 22 countries analysed; for others (e.g., S, D & C), there were only 2 countries achieving this level of reduction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Considering the EU Added Sugar Annex [8] and its 10% added sugar reduction target by 2020 against the 2015 baseline level, our findings suggest that countries risk falling short on their commitments to reduce the content of sugars in packaged foods and soft drinks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Similarly, the number of countries that had their market-share weighted mean of saturated fat reduced by more than 5% varies from 4 (e.g., for Dairy and Breakfast Cereals) to 9 countries (e.g., for Processed M & S)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Decreases of more than 5% in the market-share weighted mean of salt were more frequent for Ready Meals and Processed F & V (9 countries) and Processed M & S and Savoury Snacks (7 countries)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the case of fibre, increases of more than 5% in the market-share weighted mean for Sweet Spreads and Soup were found for 7 countries, while for Sweet Biscuits and Ready Meals, this threshold was achieved in 6 and 5 countries, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0058__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Results are even more worrying for other categories (such as Breakfast Cereals, Processed F & V and Savoury Snacks), as they point to decreases in the market-share weighted mean of fibre for more than 70% of the analysed countries."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Direct comparisons between our study and previous ones are limited by different methodologies, timeframe and product categorisation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, our country-level results are consistent with the recent trends and degree of nutrient variability reported by previous peer-reviewed studies using similar methodological approaches and timeframe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For sugars, the authors of [19] used an annual cross-sectional study using nutrient composition data for products available online to assess changes in sales of soft drinks in the UK from 2015 to 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They estimated a 30% decline in the per capita volume of sugars sold from soft drinks in the UK between 2015 and 2018 (equivalent to a reduction of 4.6 g per capita per day), which were translated into a statistically significant reduction of 1.5 g/100 mL of the sales-weighted mean sugars content of soft drinks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using the same methodology, the same authors estimated a 13.3% decrease (95% confidence intervals (CI): −19.2% and −7.4%) in the sales-weighted mean sugar content for breakfast cereals in the same period [20], close to our point-estimate of −9.0%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similar analyses were conducted by [25], and they found that energy drinks presented a statistically significant reduction of 10% in their total sugars content (from 10.6 (±3.2 g) to 9.5 (±3.3 g) g/100 mL) between 2015 and 2017 in the UK."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Manufacturers of the sugar-reduced products had either only reduced sugars or had alternatively reduced sugars, replaced with non-caloric sweeteners without changing the product name, for example, by calling the product 'light' and so on."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite the observed reduction, the sugars content of energy drinks was still at concerning levels by the end of the study period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Particularly for Soft Drinks in the UK, our estimates point to a 5% reduction (−0.3 g/100 mL) in the market-share weighted sugars mean and a 5% decrease (−0.3 g/pc/day) in the daily per capita sales between 2015 and 2018."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Focusing on yogurts, the authors of [26] detected a highly significant reduction of 14% in the median total sugars contents in 2019 compared to those in 2016 (from 11.9 (CI: 8.8, 13.6) to 10.4 (CI: 6.6, 13.0) g/100 g) based on online data-nutrient information, serving size, size of pack, claims on pack and ingredients-collected from major UK supermarkets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When scrutinising paired products, i.e., products that were present with the same brand name both in 2016 and 2019, only 1/3 of the 539 products surveyed had reduced sugars contents, with a smaller mean difference of −0.65 g/100 g (CI: −0.78, −0.52)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This suggests that the overall median had dropped due to the discontinuity of products with relatively higher sugars content and/or the introduction of new products with relatively lower sugars content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These reported trends are aligned with the results presented in this study and others [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Taking Dairy as a reference category, we calculated decreases of −0.7 g/100 g (or −6%) in the market-share weighted sugars mean for the UK between 2015 and 2018."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For salt, using Dutch food composition data with monitoring reports and relevant labelling information collected from the largest supermarket chain, the authors of [30] found no statistically significant change in sodium levels of processed meat products between 2011 and 2015 in the Netherlands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, according to the authors, a reversal in this trend was expected to occur in the upcoming years as per the 2014 agreement between the Dutch government and the private sector, in which a 10% mandatory reduction target for meat products to be reached before the end of 2020 was established."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors of [30] also estimated a significant reduction in the saturated fat levels for only one subcategory of meat products (heated meat products): from approximately 10 g/100 g (±3.0 g) in 2014 to 8 g/100 g (±3.0 g) in 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Notably, a 5% target for saturated fat was also established by the Government and the private sector for these products."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For the 2015-2018 period, we calculated decreases of 16% (or −0.3 g/100 g) and 19% (or −1.1 g/100 g) in the market- share weighted salt and saturated fat mean for Processed M & S in the Netherlands, which suggests that the establishment of mandatory targets might have been effective in reducing salt and saturated fat levels in meat products in the country."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The grey literature also supports and complements our findings and the ones from peer-reviewed studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A monitoring report from Public Health England (PHE) highlighted that there has been progress in some, but not all, food categories between 2015 and 2019."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sustained progress in sales-weighted average sugars was observed for breakfast cereals (−13.3% or −2.2 g/100 g) and yogurt and fromage frais (−12.9% or −1.6 g/100 g); remark- ably, sales-weighted average sugars in soft drinks subject to the levy decreased by 44% (or −1.7 g/100 mL), even though overall sales volume increased by 14%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast, sugars levels in chocolate and sweet confectionery remained relatively unchanged, with variations of −0.4% (−0.2 g/100 g) and −0.1% (−0.04 g/100 g)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Overall, the average sugars reduction across all monitored food categories (including the ones previously mentioned) stands at 3% from 2015 to 2019, falling extremely short of the targeted 20% reduction by 2020 [31]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "PHE also reported a slow progress in the salt reduction programme, in which just over half (52%) of the salt reduction targets for product averages set in 2014 were met by 2017."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Retailers' own brands made more progress than manufacturers towards achieving these targets, meeting 73% of them compared with manufacturers, who met 37%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, where targets on maximum salt contents were set, 83% of in-home products met these targets vis-à-vis 71% for out-of-home products [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another study for the Netherlands, released by the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, found that the salt content in bread in 2016 was, on average, 19% lower than in 2011."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Certain savoury sauces, soups, tinned vegetables and pulses, and chips, had between 12% and 25% less salt for the same period."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, despite the improvements in salt content, the average saturated fat and sugars content in most food categories remained at the same levels over the past years [33]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results of this study are relevant and serve to document and provide evidence to policymakers, industry and citizens on the evolution of sugars, saturated fat, salt and fibre content of packaged foods and soft drinks sold in Europe."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The strength of the market-share weighted average approach lies in its ability to capture the true market influence of products that could otherwise be interpreted as outliers, such as those with a low nutrient content but high market share or, alternatively, those with a low market share but high nutrient content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It also gives greater impetus to the reformulation of leading market products and limits the impact of new and/or reformulated products with improved nutrient contents but low market share."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It should also be noted that this approach does not only capture producers' changes in the food offer, it also reflects the market success of products with better nutritional quality with consumers, which also depends on consumer attitude, preference and motivation (e.g., shift towards existing low-sugar or sugar-free products)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, despite being an interesting and effective data source to monitor the progress of the food quality across different countries, there are limitations on the use of commercial data and on the results generated by them [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given that Euromonitor's methodological approach heavily relies on sampling only the most representative variants of a prod- uct/brand within each country, our results should be interpreted as reflections of the behaviour and efforts of the market-leading brands and products rather than the per- formance of the overall food supply."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, Euromonitor has innovated its data collection methodology using automatic scraping of product information from online stores, affecting the data in the nutrition module from 2019 onwards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whilst this comes with advantages, such as nutrition information at the stock keeping unit (or SKU) level rather than most representative variant of brands, this break in methodology does not easily allow for assessing trends in daily per capita nutrient sales figures and alike from before 2019 and 2019 onwards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We are also constrained by the accuracy of the information presented on the label, as it is assumed that manufacturers provide accurate and up-to-date information, in line with EU regulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Additionally, in the absence of market share in value terms in the Euromonitor database, the assumption made in this paper to use value shares as the equivalent to volume share can overestimate the market share of products that are more expensive per unit volume, as well as the point-estimates of the weighted average nutrient content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0068__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Lastly, as data on package size is not available in Euromonitor's Nutrition database, it was not possible to separate the effects of reformulation and changes in package size on the market-share weighted nutrient mean estimates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this sense, the development of a standardised system to track wide reformulation initiatives across the EU Member States appears to be very much needed [14], and the outcomes of the joint endeavour of EU countries within the Joint Action Best ReMaP [17], which builds on previous pan-European efforts, is expected to reduce this gap."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This system could ensure sustainability on the monitoring and surveillance of nutrition policies at the country and the European level, as well as to help in identifying best practices at a bigger scale, and to establish unbiased targets for reduction of sugars, salt and saturated fat, as well as increments in fibre among countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Improvements in the overall quality of the food offer would also contribute to enhancing diets (a priority in several EU Strategies, such as the Farm to Fork Strategy or Europe's Beating Cancer Plan), which could be then translated into significant benefits for the population by promoting health and reducing the health and economic burden of NCDs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Future research is needed to better understand the supply and demand drivers be- hind changes in nutrition content, as well as the impact of integrated strategies on sales, purchases and ultimately diets and health."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By combining food composition and purchas- ing data, the methodology developed in [34] and applied to the French context in [22] allows the decomposition of the overall change in the nutrient content into what can be attributable to: (i) consumers switching from some products to others, (ii) firms reformu- lating food products and (iii) net product introduction (the combination of new products and product withdrawals)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additional studies could also shed light on the evolution of portion sizes across different food categories and countries, as well as its impact on the overall market-share weighted mean of selected nutrients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using commercially available third-party data, this analysis shows some progress, albeit modest, in Europe towards the direction desired by public health proponents, namely the reductions in people's salt, sugars and saturated fat intakes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We also demonstrated that there is little evidence of increases in fibre content from the packaged food offers covered in our study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Beyond providing a better understanding of recent trends of packaged food's nutrient content to governments, industry sector and the research community, our results allow the identification of areas of the food supply most urgently requiring action, as well as highlight those that are making advances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, our analyses indicate that for food reformulation strategies to be effective, products with better nutrient profiles need to compete well on the market."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, these findings are limited by the characteristics of the third-party data used in this study, as well as the assumptions related to the market shares."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__original__p0071__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We suggest to further research the aspect of (lack of) market success, including consumer demand, and assess the effectiveness of demand-side policies, in particular in parallel with reformulation strategies, on sales or purchases and finally, population diet and health."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4868__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The European soft drinks industry fully supports efforts to monitor nutrition composition of food products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We were therefore interested to read the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) publication by Moz-Christofoletti and Wollgast, which attempted to assess progress on processed foods versus existing commitments across European countries between 2015 and 2018 [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4868__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The rationale for the study was based firstly on a recognition that monitoring activities are limited by lack of a harmonised system, with studies employing different methodologies, time frames and product categorisations, and secondly that the Europe-wide Joint Action Best-ReMaP project [2], which is developing a European standardised monitoring system to try and address these limitations, will take time to produce results."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given the JRC’s remit to provide independent scientific advice to support EU policy, it is vital that progress which has been achieved is not undermined by analyses being subject to some of the aforementioned limitations, in this case by only including retail sales and using product category definitions which are not in line with those of the EU."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4868__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the paper provides definitions for the sub-categories of products included in each of the food and beverage categories in an Appendix [1], it may not be sufficiently clear to the reader that their “Soft Drinks” category included 100% juice—the latter is a separate category under EU food law which cannot legally be allowed to be reformulated and still sold as juice."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While we understand that inclusion of 100% juice has been driven by the product categories of the commercial provider of the data, this inclusion has severely diluted the relative progress which has been achieved in sugar reduction using the EU definition of soft drinks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, the maximum levels of total sugars (g/100 mL) for soft drinks in Table 2 [1], appear to include concentrates (liquids/powders) which, without application of a dilution factor that is always applied when consumed, result in exceedingly high sugar levels (>90 g/100 mL)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4868__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors briefly discussed various limitations of their approach but given the significance of their suggestion that we are falling short in our progress against commitments, we feel they should have more clearly identified and discussed such limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "UNESDA’s own data from a similar commercial provider estimated that the European soft drink industry has achieved a 14.6% reduction in added sugars from 2015 to 2019 [3], exceeding the pledge to the EU Annex on Added Sugars [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__critique__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While we appreciate that all data, from whatever source, has limitations, we would kindly request that the limitations in this case are clearly understood."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4868__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We acknowledge the points raised by Hodac and Wittekind [1] and would like to address the concerns raised by the authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We thank the authors for the opportunity to discuss our findings in more detail."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4868__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 1 presents the 2015–2018 estimated changes in average sugars (g/100 mL), sales-weighted mean sugars (g/100 mL) and total sugars sold to consumers through retailers (g/per capita/day) when removing (i) 100% juice products (light blue bar) and (ii) 100% juices and concentrates (dark blue bar)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It shows that the inclusion of 100% juice and concentrates (liquids/powders) within the soft drinks category as in Moz-Christofoletti and Wollgast [2]—driven by the categorisation used by Euromonitor—has not severely diluted the relative progress estimated for this product group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Compared to our published estimates (white bar), a dilution effect of approximately 2.3 percentage points (p.p.) is observed for average sugars, suggesting that products that can be reformulated have decreased their sugar content."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4868__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__response__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, (i) the sales-weighted mean sugars estimates are considerably less affected (0.4 p.p.) and (ii) the per capita sales of total sugars have not changed after excluding 100% juices and concentrates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is particularly important since these two metrics are used to assess progress against the ambition for sugar reduction from a public health perspective [3,4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As in [2], the results from Figure 1 confirm that greater sugar reduction is observed in drinks with relatively lower market volume, while products with a higher market share have reduced their sugar content to a lesser extent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4868__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4868", "paragraph_id": "triad_4868__response__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A more in-depth comparison between our estimates and the one provided by [1] is limited by the total absence of information on methodology and data sources used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Beyond methodological aspects, possible discrepancies might arise from different nutrient coverage (total vs. added sugars), distribution channels considered (only retail vs. retail and food service), country and category coverages, as well as timeframe."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4868__response__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More transparency on data and methodology would greatly help researchers, consumers, stakeholders and the public at large to obtain more reliable and precise information about the industry’s reformulation efforts and its achievements and credibility."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4868/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3180782505_W4220922849_W4221044198", "triad_name": "triad_4868", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4868__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MGEs such as plasmids or phages are defined by their ability to undergo horizontal gene trans- fer (HGT) between bacterial hosts [1], and are widespread in nature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Genes present on MGEs often affect their hosts' fitness in a specific environment [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Particularly, many mobile genes increase virulence or antibiotic resistance and thus have harmful consequences on human health."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Antibiotic resistance genes are enriched on plasmids [3], leading to their fast spread among bacterial species via horizontal transfer [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Genes coding for secreted proteins, often involved in virulence, are also enriched on MGEs promoting cooperative secretion [5,6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to better combat the medical issues arising from horizontal transfer, we must understand the selective pressures acting on gene mobility."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The population dynamics and evolution of transfer have mostly been studied by focusing on MGEs themselves [7]; however, transfer is influenced not only by MGE genes, but also by genes of the bacterial host chromosome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both donor [8] and recipient cells [9,10] can regulate transfer, with different donor and recipient genetic backgrounds resulting in as much as eight orders of magnitude variance in the transfer rates for the same plasmid [11,12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, to fully understand the evolution of horizontal gene spread and the natural variation in transfer rates among hosts, we must consider the selective pressures acting on hosts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On one side, horizontal transfer confers varied and often extreme costs onto the bacterial host."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Phage mobility usually requires host cell lysis that leads to death, while plasmid transfer through conjugation renders host cells sensitive to male-specific phages [13] and decreases the host's growth rate and fitness [14,15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because of these costs, horizontal transfer has classically been considered as a selfish trait of parasitic MGEs, selected as it favours their spread [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Direct support for transfer being a purely costly trait to the host came from studies of plasmid- host coevolution, where host genes that decrease transfer were selected [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other side, it has also been suggested that HGT could benefit the host because of the transfer of accessory genes not directly involved in MGE maintenance and transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, MGEs are often thought to constitute a communal pool of genes [2], a flexible genome [17] that can be quickly shuffled by HGT in response to environmental changes, making host populations more robust [18]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this view, HGT is beneficial to the host population because it allows cells to share beneficial traits and provides diversity at the population level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, it is not clear that these proposed benefits are sufficient for HGT to be favoured by the host."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Traits advantageous at the group level-here the maintenance of a communal pool of genes-are not necessarily selected for at the individual level, especially when individuals can benefit from others that invest in the trait while not paying the cost of investing themselves [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indirect, population-wide benefits alone are not necessarily sufficient to explain the selection of host genes promoting costly transfer [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The ability to receive genes can clearly be directly selected for when these genes enhance individual fitness: for instance, CRISPR immunity against antibiotic resistance plasmids, a form of HGT resistance, was rapidly lost in the presence of antibiotics when receiving plasmids was beneficial to the host [21]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the contrary, the ability to donate genes need not be selected, as the donor cell does not directly benefit from transferring genes to neighbouring recipients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To quantitatively understand HGT, the selection acting on donor ability must be analysed in a social context, taking into account both the costs and benefits transfer bestows onto donor and recipient hosts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we theoretically and experimentally analyse the evolution of host genes controlling plasmid transfer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We show that from the host side, transfer represents a form of altruism: actors pay a cost of investing in transmission and deliver a benefit to recipients of beneficial mobile elements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Altruistic donation of MGEs can be maintained when transfer is sufficiently biased towards cells sharing donation alleles, increasing the donor allele inclusive fitness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This bias can arise in structured populations or by an association between transfer and discrimination alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fitness gains due to the transfer of mutualistic plasmids further select for genotypes where donor ability alleles, discrimination alleles, and mutualistic plasmids are associated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We first perform a qualitative analysis to identify if and in which conditions a strain with high donor ability can be selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We model the fitness of nonmobile host genes controlling donor ability for a given plasmid using a neighbour-modulated fitness approach that partitions fitness into the effects of an individual's own genotype and those of social neighbours [22,23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We con- sider a population of bacteria structured in an infinite number of patches [24] and model a simplified life cycle with nonoverlapping patch generations, in which the following processes occur successively [25,26]: founding, reproduction, transfer, selection, and dispersal (see S1 Text for details)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A cell i in patch j is characterized by three traits: plasmid carriage p ij (p ij = 1 for plasmid- bearing cells and 0 for plasmid-free cells), donor ability q ij and recipient ability s ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Successful transfer is controlled by three factors: the probability of contact between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells, the donor ability of plasmid-bearing cells, and the recipient ability of plas- mid-free cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We assume that plasmid and host traits are distributed independently in the starting population so that the cell's donor ability q ij is independent from its initial plasmid content p ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Initially uninfected cells become infected with a probability proportional to the patch level frequency of plasmid-bearing cells modulated by their own recipient ability and by the average patch donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A cell i in patch j will thus be modified by transfer with the probability (1 − p ij ) p j q j s ij ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Plasmid presence has an effect e p on the host cell, and we can express the plasmid effect on host fitness as e p p ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The cost of donor ability is c q leading to an effect of transfer on host fitness that is proportional to donor ability, experienced only by cells bearing plasmids before transfer, and equal to −p ij c q q ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Donor ability is costly independently of actual transfer efficiency, Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 3 / 28 modelling the effect of expressing the transfer machinery (which happens even in the absence of successful transfer)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fitness of an individual founding cell i in patch j, measured over the patch life cycle, is noted by W ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With W 0 being the basal host fitness, we obtain (see S1 Text):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To understand selection acting on donor ability q, we apply the Price equation [27,28] to Eq (1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We obtain the regression coefficient between fitness and donor ability, β(W ij ,q ij ), that describes the effect of donor ability on fitness (Eq 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We provide the derivation of Eq (2) and a detailed analysis in S1 Text."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The E j [p j (1 − p j )] term describes the effect of patch composition on the efficiency of plasmid transfer: transfer events are more likely when both plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells are abundant within each patch."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "β(q j s ij ,q ij ) is a regression coefficient between individual donor abil- ity q ij and the product of individual recipient ability with patch-level donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It corre- sponds to the relatedness between plasmid donor and recipient cells, noted by R q , at the locus determining donor ability (see S1 Text for a detailed analysis): R q is higher when donor cells preferentially encounter recipients that share their donation allele and when transfer is more successful towards those cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "R q thus determines how much a donor cell transfers plasmids to individuals bearing the same donation allele because of population structure and specificity in transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, p c q is the average cost of transfer for the donor genotype: high donor ability is costly to the proportion of cells that bear plasmids and express their transfer machinery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An increase in donor ability is selected for when it is correlated with increase in fitness, namely when β(W ij ,q ij ) > 0, which combined with Eq (2) leads to the following condition:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eq 3 is a form of Hamilton's rule [29], which postulates that a cooperative allele is selected for when its indirect benefits, weighted by relatedness among actors and recipients, outweigh its direct cost, maximizing its inclusive fitness (fitness inclusive of alleles present in other indi- viduals)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Applied here to donor ability, the indirect benefits are the benefits of plasmids to the recipient cells after transfer e p E j [p j (1 − p j )], and the direct cost is the cost of donor ability for cells bearing plasmids p c q ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "R q is the relatedness at the donor ability locus among donor and recipient cells of plasmid transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "High, positive R q implies that most of transfer events from cells with high donor ability will be directed towards recipients sharing their donation allele."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the contrary, negative R q means that transfer will be biased towards cells with a different allele than the one carried by the donor."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, a high donor ability allele can be selected even when individually costly, when transfer maximizes its inclusive fitness through plasmid effects on recipient cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We note that relatedness in bacteria can vary across loci [30], as it can be modified in a locus-specific way by mutation [31] or HGT [5,6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, unlike relatedness aris- ing from genealogical kinship in sexually reproducing organisms, it will not necessarily tend to be the same across the genome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To underline this and avoid any potential semantic confusion, we follow nomenclature defined already in [30] and consider that cells that specifically share alleles at the locus of interest (plasmid donation) are cells of the same kind but not necessarily kin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "R q will be positive when donors preferentially transfer plasmids to recipients of their kind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Positive relatedness generally arises through the combination of two processes: limited dis- persal and discrimination mechanisms [29,32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, limited dispersal is due to patch Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 4 / 28 structure: the correlation between q j and q ij is governed by the initial repartition of genotypes among patches, with no migration before transfer occurs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Positive relatedness can arise from strong population bottlenecks leading to stochastic variations in founding cell frequencies among patches, followed by clonal reproduction [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Effective discrimination in transfer also leading to positive relatedness arises if s ij and q ij are positively correlated, with genotypes with high donor ability having higher recipient ability than average, or if donors have a way to direct transfer specifically to their kind (see S1 Text for discussion)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Alternatively, negative related- ness can arise if s ij and q ij are negatively correlated, leading to preferential transfer to cells bear- ing a different donation allele."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We can distinguish two scenarios for the effect and selection of transfer depending on the plasmid effects on the host cell."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the first case, the transferred plasmid is mutualistic with its host (e p > 0), for instance conferring antibiotic resistance: transfer is therefore an altruistic behaviour [29] with a direct cost of performing transfer and indirect benefits through the plas- mid benefits in recipient cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Transfer is selected if R q is positive and sufficiently high: R q > p c q / (e p E j [p j (1 − p j )])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the second case, the transferred plasmid is parasitic (e p < 0): donor ability for parasitic plasmids, decreasing the fitness of recipient cells, is selected if R q is negative and sufficiently low: R q < p c q / (e p E j [p j (1 − p j )])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This would be a case of spiteful behaviour [32,34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Specific population structure or discrimination processes are required to produce neg- ative relatedness, and spite is thus thought to be less common than altruism [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We focus here on the transfer of mutualistic MGEs and more specifically on antibiotic resis- tance plasmids that allow their hosts to grow when antibiotics are present."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The main prediction arising from our model is that donor ability for these mutualistic plasmids is an altruistic trait, counterselected if transfer occurs indiscriminately towards any cell, but selected for when plas- mid donors and recipients share donation alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We present the model graphically in Fig 1, focusing on the three relevant scenarios affecting relatedness: random interactions between individuals (Fig 1A), discrimination in transfer (Fig 1B), and structured populations (Fig 1C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We next test the model's predictions with both simulations and experiments, performing com- petition assays between strains with varying donor ability in order to investigate quantitatively if and how much selection favours donor ability in biologically realistic settings."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Discrimination in transfer occurs if during the encounters between a donor and potential recipients the plasmids are transferred to cells of the donor's kind more often than would be expected based on its frequency in the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Discrimination of plasmid recipients could be based on differences in the initial recognition between cells or differences in plasmid estab- lishment in recipient cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To search for evidence of discrimination, we analyse two available datasets [11,12] that quantify plasmid conjugation rates among different pairs of natural iso- lates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both studies measured conjugation rates for the multiresistant R1 plasmid, among 10 strains from the ECOR collection [11] or 9 other natural Escherichia coli strains [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In each dataset, we compute normalized donor ability for each pair of donor and recipient strains (see Materials and Methods), which corrects for basal differences in donor ability between strains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We find that transfer to self occurs at rates higher than average in 18 out of 19 cases (Fig 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additionally, in 8 out of 19 cases, the highest rate of transfer is from a strain to itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, transfer to self is 7.3 times higher than average donor ability over all tested isolates (two tailed t test for difference from 0 for normalized donor ability to self, p = 0.0003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In a mixed popula- tion with many different strains, the high rates of transfer to self we describe here would trans- late into a biased transfer between cells sharing donation alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This apparent discrimination does not imply that the same locus is responsible for high donor ability and for discrimination, Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 5 / 28 as multiple genes could be involved in discrimination."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0022__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "However, the signal we observe in Fig 2A suggests that alleles for high donor ability and for discrimination in transfer are linked in natural isolates sufficiently to lead to an effective discrimination at the donor ability locus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 1, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We next experimentally investigate if discrimination may allow for the selection of host transfer genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We use two widely studied E. coli strains, the K12 strain MG1655 [35] and the B strain REL606 [36], and the multiresistant R1-19 plasmid [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "K12 and B strains bear different restriction-modification systems [9], potentially leading to discrimination in plasmid transfer [38,39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We first measure the conjugation rate in a well-mixed environment between all four combinations of K12 and B as donor and recipient strains (Fig 2B, red bars)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We find that K12 is generally a better donor, but also that K12 transfers R1-19 plasmid to itself at a 5-times higher rate than to B (Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, p = 0.003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, the K12 strain is an example of good donor strain displaying discrimination for transfer, in comparison to the lower donor B strain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Moreover, R1-19 carriage leads to a 54% reduction in exponential growth rate for K12 strain, compared to a 1.6% reduction only for B strain (S1 Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To test if part of the costly effect R1-19 has on K12 is due to donor ability, we use a K12-derived strain with a deletion in the arcA gene, a gene known to affect transfer [40], and the repressed R1 plasmid, which transfers approximately 1,000-fold less than R1-19 [37,15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The K12ΔarcA mutant transfers R1-19 plasmid at a strongly reduced rate to both itself and B (Fig 2B, grey bars), and R1-19 cost is reduced as well (6.4%, S1 Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Similarly, R1 plasmid imposes almost no cost to K12 growth (1.8%, S1 Fig)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0023__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Both results suggest that most of R1-19 cost to K12 is due to its high transfer rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We then test whether K12 discrimination in transfer can lead to biased transfer towards other K12 cells in a well-mixed population and subsequent selection of the better donor strain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We compete the K12 and B strains by mixing them equally in a well-mixed population, with a common proportion of cells from each strain initially bearing R1-19 plas- mid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the absence of antibiotic selection, the better donor K12 decreases in frequency (Fig 2C, dark blue), showing a lower basal fitness than B in those culture conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When antibi- otic selection is applied at the end of the competition by plating the population on kanamycin (Kn)-containing medium, only Kn-resistant, plasmid-bearing cells grow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "When all cells ini- tially bear plasmids, selection does not favour the K12 strain (Fig 2C orange, 19% decrease in K12 frequency, two sided t test for difference from 0, p = 0.003)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, when only a fraction (2.5%) of both K12 and B cells initially bear R1-19 plasmid, providing opportunity for plasmid transfer, K12 is selected (19% increase in K12 frequency, two sided t test for difference from 0, p = 0.009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Finally, to confirm that this specific selection of donors is due to R1-19 transfer to K12 cells, we analyse the outcome of competition when the arcA gene is deleted from K12 and transfer is impaired."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In the absence of antibiotic selection (Fig 2C, light blue), the arcA deletion does not affect K12 fitness when plasmids are absent or rare and increases K12 fitness when all cells bear plasmids (11% decrease for K12ΔarcA versus 25% decrease for K12, two-sided t test, p = 0.043), possibly because of the reduced plasmid cost for K12ΔarcA. With antibiotic selec- tion, the specific selection of K12 when a fraction of cells bear plasmids disappears for K12ΔarcA (Fig 2C middle, yellow bars, two-sided t test, p = 2.10 −5 ), demonstrating that K12 selection was due to plasmid transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Discrimination effectively biases antibiotic resistance transfer strongly enough so that the better donor K12 strain is selected for in the presence of antibiotics."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0024__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Thus, when transferred plasmids are needed for growth, discrimination in transfer towards kind, at naturally appearing levels, can be sufficient to select for the better donor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A second possible reason for transfer bias is bacterial growth in structured populations, where donors interact preferentially with their kind."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Next, we examine whether, in the absence of dis- crimination, structured populations can provide a sufficient bias in transfer to select for good donors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To analyse the effect of biased transfer in structured populations, we use a synthetic system with fluorescently tagged plasmids in which we can identify plasmid transfer between two strains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We adapted the system from the one we designed for an earlier study on interac- tion between conjugation and cooperation [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A helper plasmid F HR , that is nonmobile and thus behaves like a chromosomal allele, governs the host cell donor ability for a mobile plasmid C, which confers chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We compete (Fig 3A) two strains differing in their donor ability: the good donor D + strain bears F HR that transfers C plasmids, and the nondonor D − strain does not (S2A Fig)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After a transfer phase (t 0 to t 1 ), populations are grown with or without Cm during the selection phase (t 1 to t 2 )."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We compare a single, well-mixed pop- ulation (m), where D + and D − are mixed in equal proportions, to a structured metapopulation (s), consisting of two subpopulations that grow separately during the transfer phase, s 1 and s 2 , founded respectively with a 10% and 90% proportion of D + (leading to equal proportions of D + Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 8 / 28 and D − at the metapopulation level)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this setup, the changes in the good donor frequency can be followed both within and among populations to evaluate the effect of population struc- ture on donor selection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "D + strain frequency does not change significantly in m or s populations during the transfer phase (Fig 3B left)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "D + frequency then increases at t 2 only for the structured s population grown in the presence of Cm (Fig 3B right, 26% increase from t 0 , Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It decreases for m population with Cm (19% decrease, two-sided t test for dif- ference from 0, p = 3.10 −9 ) and stays constant in the absence of Cm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The dynamics generally follows our predictions: D + selection requires both population structure and plasmid selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the expected cost of D + during the transfer phase is not present at the population level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We next investigate in more detail both this cost and the selection of the good donor strain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By looking at the dynamics of individual subpopulations during the transfer phase, we observed that D + increases in frequency when prevalent (S3A Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We confirmed with an inde- pendent experiment that D + fitness in competition with D − linearly increases with D + fre- quency (S3B Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This positive frequency-dependence for donor fitness could be due to lethal zygosis, a phenomenon known to damage recipients at high donor cell frequencies [41], which could be aggravated by the absence of entry exclusion in our strains [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In natural systems, entry exclusion may protect new transconjugants but would also make initial plasmid-bearing donors immune to lethal zygosis, probably leading to a similar frequency-dependence of fitness when most donor cells initially bear plasmids."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our system, frequency-dependence leads to no observable cost for D + at the metapopulation level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At low frequencies, donor ability still has a cost, which is also observed as a decrease in the strain's growth rate when growing in iso- lation (D + versus D − , S2C Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Interestingly, donor cells grow significantly more slowly when they bear C plasmids, which is not the case for nondonor cells (D + C versus D − C , S2C Fig), sug- gesting that donor ability cost is enhanced by the presence of transferable plasmids in the cell."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the selection phase, good donors are selected only in the structured s population and only in the presence of Cm, meaning that donor selection requires both population structure during the transfer phase and subsequent antibiotic selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We see that, as predicted by our model, biased transfer due to population structure promotes indirect selection of the donor strain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To better understand the factors affecting D + selection, we proceed to analyse the dynamics of C plasmids (Fig 3C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During the transfer phase, plasmid frequency changes depend on the proportion of cells able to transfer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the s 1 population where D + cells are few, plasmid frequency declines slightly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It increases mostly in the s 2 population enriched in D + strain."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Increases are due to transfer, as the increase in plasmids present in D − strain is due to plasmids that originate from D + (as identified by fluorescence markers, see Materials and Methods and S4 Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We then follow the proportion of C plasmids that are present in D + cells, as plasmid localization controls survival in the presence of antibiotics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the transfer phase, the proportion of C plasmids present in D + cells compared to D − cells decreases in the well-mixed m population (13% decrease, Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004) but increases in the structured s population (28% increase, Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test, p = 0.004) (Fig 3D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the well-mixed population, the decrease is probably due to the strong fitness cost D + cells incur specifically when they bear C plasmids (S2 Fig)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The same cost also explains the subsequent decrease in D + strain frequency under Cm selection in both popula- tions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The enrichment of C plasmids in D + cells depends on the population structure of the s population: total plasmid transfer is more prevalent in the s 2 subpopulation, effectively biasing transfer towards D + at the metapopulation level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These results experimentally confirm our models prediction: in the absence of discrimination mechanisms, donor ability for antibiotic resistance plasmids can be selected when population structure ensures preferential transfer to cells sharing donation alleles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So far, we have shown that both discrimination and population structuring can select for donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we have always assumed and ensured that discrimination and popula- tion structure are present in the system."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, we study how both phenomena can themselves emerge."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When analysing effects of population structure, we imposed starting proportions of both the strains and the plasmids in order to dissect the dynamics of transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We continue by study- ing the outcome of competitions arising in more natural population structures using simula- tions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the absence of a mechanism for discrimination of recipients, our model suggests that population structure may influence the selection of donor ability in two opposing ways (Eq 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Efficient transfer is favoured by the coexistence of plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells within patches, while biased transfer towards kind is favoured by high relatedness at the dona- tion locus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The selection of transfer thus requires preferential interactions between cells sharing donor ability alleles but also sufficient cell mixing that would favour the encounter between Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 10 / 28 plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To study the effects of a natural population structure and the possibility that both conditions are met simultaneously, we simulate strong population dilution, which leads to stochastic founder cell numbers and genotype frequencies [6,33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We follow the frequency of the donor D + strain in a simulated metapopulation initiated from a strongly diluted mix of equal proportions of D + and D − ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With growth parameters based on our experimental results, we vary both the dilution factor applied to founding populations and the proportion of plasmid-bearing cells (Fig 4)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The results exhibit a clear pattern: the donor strain is selected under the combination of strong initial dilution and low initial plasmid frequency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "D + selection in the presence of antibiotics is controlled primarily by the enrichment of plas- mids in D + at t 1 (S5A Fig), which occurs when there is biased transfer towards D + during the transfer phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As predicted by Eq 3, biased transfer requires high relatedness at the donation locus but also effective transfer, which will be affected by dilution and initial plasmid preva- lence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "First, diluting down to low founding cell numbers provides sufficient variation in D + fre- quencies among populations to ensure high relatedness (S5B Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, the contribution of transfer to plasmid abundance declines with increasing dilution and increasing plasmid initial abundance (S5C Fig)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transfer promotes plasmid invasion primarily when plasmid-bearing cells are initially scarce, because in those conditions, the majority of plasmid-bearing cells actu- ally arise from transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Increasing dilution leads to the frequent absence of one of the cell types from each population, which in turn decreases the number of possible encounters between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Selection for donor ability is strongest at high dilution because of high relatedness; however, dilution simultaneously limits transfer, which decreases the strength of selection compared to the optimal population structure studied in Fig 3."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, our simulations suggest that the conditions for selection of donor ability can be met in natural environments through limited dispersal alone, despite the trade-off between relatedness and transfer efficiency that arises from population structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now focus on the association between discrimination mechanisms and plasmid transfer, which was apparent in natural isolates data (Fig 2A) and ask how this association itself could emerge."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The effect on donor ability (Fig 2B and Fig 2C) suggests that a genotype bearing both discrimination and high donor ability alleles could be favoured by selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We consider as an example the case of a strain inactivated at a chromosomal restriction-modification locus: such a mutant appearing in a wild type population will transfer plasmids preferentially to clone- mates bearing the same allele, as unmodified plasmids transferred from this mutant will be degraded in a wild-type recipient cell [38,39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mutant allele with no modification is denoted by M − , and the wild type allele by M + , D + , and D − stand for high and low donor ability, as before."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We use simulations to follow the dynamics of modification and donation alleles, in populations of cells with no initial association between M − and D + ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a well-mixed population (analogous to the one studied in Fig 2C), the M − allele is selected for, but the D + is not (Fig 5A, left)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Discrimination in transfer by M − cells leads to a reduced total transfer to M + cells, and direct selection of M − with comparatively higher recipient ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "D + cells are outcompeted, as they do not receive more plasmids than D − cells in the absence of association to M − alleles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On the contrary, in a population where D + cell frequency differs sufficiently among subpopula- tions, both M − and D + alleles are selected for (Fig 5A, right): similarly to the dynamics pre- sented in Fig 3, population structure biases transfer towards D + cells, allowing for D + selection in the presence of antibiotics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Linkage between M − and D + alleles is also controlled by popula- tion structure (Fig 5B): with antibiotic selection, positive linkage appears when D + cell fre- quency varies among subpopulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This does not occur in the absence of antibiotics, suggesting that linkage is due to the specific selection of plasmid-bearing cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With increasing D + population structure, most plasmids end up in D + M − cells (Fig 5C) due to the combined effect of higher recipient ability and biased transfer by D + cells."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We conclude that the Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 11 / 28 association between discrimination and transfer alleles can emerge simply through selection of plasmid-bearing cells, when population structure ensures that cells with high donor ability are favoured."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Selective pressures acting on donor ability depend on the fitness effects of genes carried by the transmitted plasmids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we focus on mutualistic antibiotic resistance plasmids, but para- sitic and mutualistic plasmids can coexist in host populations, and hosts may not be able to evolve differential control of transfer based only on the accessory genes plasmids carry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Next, we consider the presence of parasitic plasmids N, which are similar to mutualistic plasmids C but do not confer benefits during the selection phase (see S2B Fig and Materials and Methods)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In simulations, increase in the initial proportion of parasitic plasmids lead to a decrease in final frequency of the good donor strain (S6 Fig)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We can conclude that the strength of selection for donor ability decreases when donors encounter a mix of mutualistic and parasitic plasmids, as they cannot distinguish between the two plasmid types."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, the benefits conferred by mutualistic plasmids could indirectly favour their association to the host."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To study the association between plasmids and hosts, we measure experimentally and with simulations the linkage disequilibrium between plasmids and the good donor allele in a meta- population similar to the previous one (Fig 3) but now with a mix of C and N plasmids in equal proportions instead of only C plasmids, and with no initial association between plasmids and a specific strain (each plasmid is equally present in D + and D - strains)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After the transfer phase, both C and N plasmids become significantly linked to the good donor D + strain in the struc- tured population, but not in the well-mixed population (Fig 6A, left)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, after Cm selec- tion, linkage to D + slightly increases for C plasmids but decreases to zero for N plasmids in the structured population and remains at zero in the well-mixed population (Fig 6A, right, plain lines)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, this pattern relies on the specific selection of C-bearing cells: when selecting with Kn (an antibiotic to which both plasmids confer resistance) instead of Cm, linkage decreases to zero for both plasmids (dashed lines)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our experiments show that linkage between plasmids and good donor cells arises only when two specific conditions are met: (1) the popula- tion is structured, and (2) plasmids are beneficial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To better understand the factors controlling the association, we independently vary D + donor ability and C plasmid beneficial effect on the host strain fitness in our simulations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The linkage that appears at t 1 between both plasmids and D + strain increases with D + donor ability, independently of subsequent plasmid benefits (S7A Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This linkage arises because transfer is biased towards D + cells at the metapopulation level (as seen in Fig 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our experiments, the observed linkage is stronger for N plasmids because they are preferentially transferred."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At t 2 , however, C plasmid benefits modify the linkage patterns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With increasing C benefits, C linkage to D + increases (Fig 6B), and N linkage to D + decreases (S7B Fig), when donor ability is suffi- ciently high."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The specific association between C plasmids and the donor strain thus arises from the benefits provided by C plasmids to the host: antibiotics promote the selection of cells bear- ing C plasmids, which are mainly good donor cells because of previous transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, this mechanism selects for cells simultaneously bearing both D + and C alleles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Linkage between the good donor strain and beneficial plasmids arises without directly enforcing any association between the two, due to the combination of two effects: population structure biasing transfer towards good donor cells and the plasmids benefiting the host."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our work investigates the evolution of host genes controlling the transfer of mutualistic MGEs such as those conferring antibiotic resistance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We focus on genes modulating plasmid dona- tion, a property that, unlike plasmid reception, does not directly benefit the host."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Earlier inter- pretations have described MGEs as a communal pool of genes conferring benefits at the population level [2,18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We demonstrate here that donor ability, when it is costly to the host, is not selected directly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we do not need to invoke population-level benefits to explain why the host may promote MGE transfer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Instead, we show that host donor ability alleles can be selected indirectly when transfer increases their inclusive fitness (Fig 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We then investigate further this qualitative result by measuring selection direction and strength in simulations as well as experiments using both natural and synthetic microbes, in situations close to ones that could be observed in nature."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the absence of discrimination, population structure is a simple mechanism ensuring that cells encounter preferentially neighbours of the same kind."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we demonstrate that in a syn- thetic biological system devoid of any mechanism for discrimination in transfer, population structure enables the selection of donor ability, biasing plasmid transfer prior to the selection of plasmid-bearing cells (Fig 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Donor ability is not selected within well-mixed populations where donors do not interact preferentially with their kind, and good donors decline in fre- quency due to donor ability costs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, donor ability is selected at a metapopulation scale, where population structure provides sufficient relatedness at the locus controlling donor abil- ity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With simulations, we then show that populations with sufficient relatedness can arise sim- ply through strong population dilution, despite the reduction in transfer due to fewer interactions between plasmid-bearing and plasmid-free cells (Fig 4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further, we experimentally demonstrate that differences in transfer rates between isolates, leading to effective discrimination in transfer, can also be sufficiently high to favour a strain with high donor ability (Fig 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In natural isolates, we observe discrimination for the transfer of an antibiotic resistance plasmid."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results motivate future studies that would quantify the generality of discrimination by examining other plasmids and strains, as well as determine the underlying mechanisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Discrimination can result from specific recognition during cell-cell contact [30] or even direct spread through the cytoplasm of clonemates in the case of bacterial chains [43]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Alternatively, discrimination can arise during the establishment of plasmids in recipient cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, plasmid transfer rate is greatly diminished when restriction-modi- fication systems present in recipients differ from those in donor cells [9,38,39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At a larger phy- logenetic scale, a plasmid host range can be limited by its mechanisms of replication or transfer [44]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even when plasmids are successfully transferred, they need not confer any fitness benefit, because genes beneficial in the initial donor may be suboptimal in a novel, unfamiliar host [45], favouring a donor strain over distant competitors in which the transferred accessory genes are not fully beneficial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, discrimination may rely on quorum-sensing mechanisms regulating transfer [46], which can provide an indication of the local abundance of related cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Any of these mechanisms could lead to discrimination among transfer recipients, but they may not all be controlled by the same locus as donor ability."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Discrimination by plasmid donors towards their kind necessitates genetic linkage between donation and discrimination alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The pattern observed for natural isolates (Fig 2A) suggests that a sufficient level of association does exist in nature, at least for the R1 plasmid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, this observation may be explained and maintained by the dynamics we describe in Fig 5, where linkage between discrimination and donor alleles emerges from their coselection in structured populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Biased transfer to kind can thus happen in host cells that differ from others at a single locus modulating donor ability in structured populations; the benefits of transfer then promote the emergence of discriminating genotypes through linkage with a second locus determining the specificity of transfer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Population structure plays a central role, allowing both the spread of donor alleles in the absence of discrimination mechanisms and the emergence of discrimination."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As the selective pressures we describe here are indirect, they may be too weak to have a signifi- cant effect on the evolution of transfer rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To examine this, we calculate selection coefficients acting on the donor allele in our experiments and simulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The strength of selection observed for the discriminating strain K12 in competition with B is high (s = 0.35, S8 Fig)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As the degree of discrimination displayed by K12 is close to the average one measured across Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 15 / 28 natural isolates (Fig 2A), this result suggests that selection of donor strains that transfer prefer- entially to their kind may occur widely in nature, even in unstructured populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the structured populations we studied, the strength of selection depends on the details of popula- tion structure: when relatedness at the donor ability locus is high but plasmids are present in each strain in equal abundance, donors are again efficiently selected for in our experiments (s = 0.10, S9 Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When both parameters are controlled purely by initial dilution, they behave in opposing ways and selection is lower (S10 Fig, s = 0.0025 in the optimal case)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In natural populations, selection arising through population structure might thus be weaker than the one due to discrimination in transfer and vary depending on the details of host and plasmid popu- lation dynamics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Still, bacteria are characterized by large population sizes, leading to estimates of effective population sizes around 10 7 [47,48], which implies that mutations with selection coefficients larger than 10 −7 can be selected for [49]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, even in the presence of a trade-off between relatedness and transfer efficiency, selection acting on hosts can result in biologically significant changes in transfer rates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the long-term, continued selection for transfer requires that plasmids do not spread to fixa- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As plasmid transfer itself increases plasmid prevalence in host populations, selection for donors will be progressively decreased with plasmid spread."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, many factors may con- tribute to maintaining plasmids at intermediate frequencies in bacterial populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Accessory genes on plasmids are often beneficial in transient or local conditions [50,51] and could be repeatedly lost when they are not selected for."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasmid-free segregants occur regularly and will rapidly invade populations when plasmids are costly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other factors like the presence of bacteri- ophages can also lead to unstable dynamics, increasing plasmid loss [52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, transfer is strongly regulated as a function of environmental conditions [8] and could be induced specifi- cally in the conditions where plasmid-bearing cells are favoured."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A striking case of such a sce- nario are mobile elements providing tetracycline resistance, whose transfer is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline [53]: transfer occurs in conditions where mobile elements are likely to increase host fitness in the near future, as indicated by antibiotic gradi- ents."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Regulation of plasmid transfer will also modify the cost of transfer to the host."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our model, we assumed that plasmid-bearing cells experience a constitutive cost proportional to donor ability, leading to a higher cost to donor genotypes when plasmids are abundant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Trans- fer can be repressed when plasmid-free cells are likely to be rare [46], leading to the expression of transfer genes only when transfer efficiency is maximised."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, on a wider scale, cell migration between populations that experience different selection pressures for plasmid traits strongly increases the potential for horizontal transfer, as the immigration of plasmid-free cells in populations where plasmid traits are beneficial prevents plasmid fixation and allows sus- tained transfer [54]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transferring plasmids increases the donor allele inclusive fitness because it enriches cells of the same kind with beneficial alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This phenomenon can be compared to the evolution of teaching in animals: teaching of adaptive information can be selected when teachers and pupils are related [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The difference between genetic information transfer in bacteria and cultural transmission is that beneficial genes are by default also transmitted vertically (together with the donor allele), making transfer ineffective if they are already prevalent in the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus in order to be selected, horizontal transfer needs to improve transmission to kind compared to vertical transmission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Indeed, horizontal transfer is selected mostly when initially only few cells bear plasmids (Fig 4 and S5C Fig), as in these conditions it allows a more rapid and efficient spread than vertical transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Interestingly, the phenomenon of lethal zygosis suggested by the positive frequency-depen- dence observed in our synthetic system (S3 Fig) [41,42] could act on the selection of donor abil- ity in a complementary way, by selecting for donor genotypes when plasmids are prevalent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0068__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Transfer would then be a spiteful behaviour, in this case, not because of the indirect effects of transferred genes but due to the direct damage to recipient cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bacteria frequently encounter parasitic MGE decreasing fitness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eq 3 suggests that the transfer of parasitic elements could be selected if it can be preferentially directed towards cells of another kind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The spread of parasites has been suggested to be a typical case of spiteful behav- iour, since the donors may be immune to the negative effects of their parasites [56]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Bacterio- phages are a well-known example, where phage lysogeny ensures that most cells of the initial strain are protected from lysis and phages preferentially lyse the cells of a competing strain, at the same time ensuring phage spread [57]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similar mechanisms are not yet known for plasmids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, transfer to unrelated cells is well described in the case of the Ti plasmid of Agrobac- terium tumefasciens, where the T-DNA is transferred to plant cells [58], and specific transfer and gene expression ensure that another species produces resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0069__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Even with no specific tar- geting, suboptimal effects of transferred genes could render the plasmid harmful, damaging specifically unrelated recipients and effectively leading to spite."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We conclude that the inclusive fitness benefits conferred by transferred plasmids can lead to indirect selection for host donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasmid transfer rates thus can be shaped not only by their direct effects on plasmid fitness [7] but also by their indirect effects on host fitness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The direction and strength of selection acting on donor ability will depend on the potential for plas- mid transfer, its bias towards kind, the fitness effects of plasmids present in the host popula- tion, and the costs of transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0070__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, all these factors might, at least in part, determine both the strikingly large variability of transfer rates observed among bacterial isolates [11,12] and the existence of high donor ability strains."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our findings have consequences in the context of the fight against the spread of antibiotic resistance, as the indirect selection of donor strains could promote widespread dissemination of antibiotic resistance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Treatments that decrease the spread of MGEs have already been con- sidered, like male-specific phages that inhibit plasmid transfer but also kill preferentially the cells that actively transfer plasmids [59]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our work suggests that, the same as for other coopera- tive behaviours [60], bacteria resistant to such treatments may evolve, but relatively slowly [61], which should be taken into account when aiming to diminish horizontal transfer [62]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More generally, our results underline the active role hosts may play in the evolution of transfer rates and the necessity to take bacterial social interactions into account when studying plasmid transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasmids themselves often bear public good genes involved in host sociality and interaction with neighbouring cells [5,20], and plasmid transfer promotes host public good production by modifying relatedness in structured populations [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The indirect benefits of added public good production may in turn further favour the hosts that are investing in transfer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we show that biased transfer in structured populations combined with selection of plasmid-bearing cells promotes association between hosts with high donor ability, discrimina- tion mechanisms (Fig 5), and beneficial plasmids (Fig 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Donor ability can be selected in the absence of initial linkage with discrimination alleles or mutualistic plasmids, but selection itself creates linkage at the population level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This dynamic will alleviate the cost of parasitic plasmids Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 17 / 28 and lead to a prevalence of donor strains associated with mobile, transiently beneficial plas- mids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the long term, the phenomenon could promote mutualistic coevolution between bene- ficial plasmids and strains that transmit them at high rates to their kind, in a way analogous to the evolution of mutualism between species."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The benefits generated by mutualism can create an association between mutualistic partners [63], while the association itself favours further mutualism [64,65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Plasmids would be a special case of mutualism, with a complex and impor- tant role of horizontal transmission, a mechanism that is generally expected to inhibit mutual- ism [66] but here actually benefits both partners."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Social selection promotes host investment in plasmid transfer, increasing plasmid fitness but simultaneously promoting host association to mutualist plasmids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0073__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This will likely lead to complex social selective pressures acting on plas- mids themselves and shape the mobile gene pool."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test for discrimination, the better plasmid donor was the Escherichia coli K12 strain MG1655 red , which is MG1655 [35] marked with the td−Cherry gene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The worse donor was the E. coli B strain REL606 [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To measure conjugation rates, two spontaneous mutants resistant to rifampicin (Rif R ) for each strain MG1655 and REL606 were used as recipients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The plasmid used was the multiresistant R1-19 plasmid (that provides resistance to Cm, sulfonamides, ampicillin, Kn, streptomycin, and spectinomycin) [37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0074__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The K12ΔarcA strain was MG1655 red transduced with the Keio collection arcA deletion mutant [67]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test for transfer selection in structured populations, we used two synthetic strains, D − and D + , and two associated plasmids, C and N. D − strain is E. coli K12 MG1655."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "D + strain is a derivative of MG1655 marked with the td−Cherry gene and bearing the helper plasmid F HR ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "F HR is a variant of the F plasmid with low self-transfer and entry exclusion [6], which provides efficient mobilization of plasmids carrying F oriT sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "N plasmids bear F oriT and an aph gene providing Kn resistance, while C plasmids additionally carry a cat gene providing Cm resistance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "N and C plasmids express either YFP or GFP under control of the strong promoter P R ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For selection experiments (Fig 3), D − strain initially bears C-GFP plasmid, and D + strain initially bears C-YFP plasmid, in order to identify the origin of C plasmid (see S2A Fig)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0075__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For linkage experiments (Fig 6), C-YFP and N-GFP plasmids were used respectively as C and N plasmids (see S2B Fig)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "F HR and N-GFP plasmids and their construction are described in detail in [6] (where N-GFP was called the T + P − plasmid)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "N-YFP was constructed by amplification of YFP sequence with primers AGCGACTCGAGGATAAATATCTAACACCGTGCGTGTTGAC and AGCACAAG CTTTTCCCGGGTCATTATTTGTATAG, then ligation of N-GFP plasmid and the PCR prod- uct after digestion with XhoI and HindIII."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To construct C plasmids, the cat gene was amplified from pKD3 plasmid [68] with primers TACTAAGACGTCAGGAACTTCATTTAAATGGCG and TACTAGCTCGAGAAGAGGTTCCAACTTTCACC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The PCR product was ligated into the corresponding (GFP or YFP) N plasmid after digestion with AatII and XhoI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The D + and MG1655 red strains were constructed by integration of the pRNA1-tdCherry gene construction on pNDL32 plasmid obtained from Nathan Lord (Paulsson laboratory, Har- vard Medical School)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "pNDL32 was transformed into MG1655 with selection on 100 μg/mL ampicillin, then streaked twice at 30°C on LB-agar (Luria-Bertani, BD Difco)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Colonies were streaked overnight on LB-agar at 42°C, and plasmid loss was confirmed by checking that clones were ampicillin-sensitive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "F HR was finally added to D + strain by conjugation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0077__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To construct Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 18 / 28 K12ΔarcA, the Keio collection arcA deletion mutant was used for P1 transduction of MG1655 red, then the kan resistance cassette was removed with pCP20 plasmid [68]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Spontaneous Rif R mutants of MG1655 red and REL606 were obtained by plating overnight cultures on LB-agar with Rif (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 μg/mL."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Experiments were conducted under well-mixed conditions with 5 mL medium in 50 mL tubes (Sarstedt)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exponential growth rates (S1 Fig and S2C Fig) were measured in a Tecan Infinite M200 reader on 100 μL cultures with 50 μL mineral oil (Sigma) in 96-well plates, after 100-fold dilution from stationary phase cultures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the experiments focusing on discrimination (Fig 2B and Fig 2C), cells were grown at 37°C in M9 minimal medium (BD Difco), with 0.4% glucose and appropriate antibiotics for precultures (Rif, 100 μg/mL for Rif R mutants; Kn, 50 μg/mL for R1-19 plasmid-bearing cells)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To measure conjugation rates (Fig 2B), stationary phase cultures of donor (plasmid-bear- ing) and recipient (Rif R ) strains were washed to remove antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They were then diluted 1/ 50 into fresh M9 medium and grown separately at 37°C until the cultures reached an OD (600 nm) of 0.2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "500 μL aliquots of donor and recipient cultures were then mixed and incubated at 37°C for 15 min, limiting secondary transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When ΔarcA mutants were used as donors, the incubation time was extended to one hour to allow detection of rare transconjugants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, mixes were plated at appropriate dilutions on LB-agar containing Rif (measuring recipients and transconjugants), Kn (measuring donors and transconjugants) and Rif + Kn (measuring transconjugants only)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0081__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Conjugation rates were measured as g ¼ T DRt (mL.cell -1 .h -1 ) where T, D, and R respectively indicate the density of transconjugants, donors, and recipients, and t indi- cates the incubation time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For competition experiments (Fig 2C), stationary phase cultures of both strains were washed then mixed at a 50/50 ratio into a well-mixed population, with a varying proportion of plasmid-bearing cells for each strain, and grown from a 1/10 dilution (t 0 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mixes were then fur- ther diluted 1/10 at 37°C into medium lacking antibiotics when they reached the OD (600 nm) of 1.2, and grown to stationary phase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Finally, they were plated at appropriate dilutions on LB- agar with or without Kn selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Strain and plasmid frequencies were followed by identifying MG1655 red mCherry fluorescence from colonies with an Illumatool (Lightools) with 540 nm excitation and 590 nm emission filters."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the experiments focusing on structured popula- tions (Fig 3 and Fig 6), cells were grown in Luria-Bertani (BD Difco) medium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Antibiotics used were Kn (Sigma-Aldrich) at 50 μg/mL for selection experiments and 10 μg/mL for linkage experiments; Cm (Sigma-Aldrich) at 30 μg/mL for selection experiments and 6.25 μg/mL for linkage experiments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Antibiotic concentration was lowered in linkage experiments in order for all cell types to grow to some extent, allowing more precise linkage measurements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Stationary phase cultures of D + and D − strains were first washed and mixed at a 50/50 ratio (well-mixed population m), 10/90 ratio (s 1 subpopulation), and 90/10 ratio (s 2 subpopulations) of D + versus D − ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A 2.5% proportion of each strain was bearing C plasmids for selection experi- ments (Fig 3) and C or N plasmids for linkage experiments (1.25% cells bearing C and 1.25% cells bearing N, Fig 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Cultures were grown from a 1/10 dilution (t 0 ), then further diluted 1/10 at 37°C into medium lacking antibiotics when reaching the OD (600 nm) of 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cultures were then diluted 1/10 at 30°C, and grown until stationary phase (t 1 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, subpopulations s 1 and s 2 from the structured population (s) were pooled, and all cultures were diluted 1/100 at 30°C with or without antibiotics for the selection phase of the experiments, until stationary phase (t 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Cultures were analysed for strain and plasmid proportions by flow cytometry after fixation, as described in [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Data acquisition was performed on the Cochin Cytometry and Immuno- biology Facility."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "For each sample, 100,000 cells were analysed using a BD LSR Fortessa cell ana- lyzer (BD Biosciences)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0084__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "D + strain was identified with RFP, plasmids with YFP and GFP fluorescence (S2 Fig)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Discrimination in transfer in natural isolates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The two datasets we analysed were Table 1 from [11] and Table 2 from [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In both datasets for each pair of donor and recipient strains, we computed a measure of donor ability normalized over all recipient strains tested in order to detect differences in conjugation rate to different recipients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Let i indicate the donor strain and j the recipient strain, we compute the mean donor ability per strain, γ i , and the stan- dard deviation in the said donor ability, σ i , using logarithmic values for conjugation rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The normalized donor ability for a given pair is D ij ¼ g ij Àg i s i Measures of selection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fitness of a strain i relative to a strain j between times 0 and 1 was measured as W ij = ln(N i,1 /N i,0 )/ln(N j,1 /N j,0 ), where N represents cell densities [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "When the cell densities were not known, the increase in number for strain i, N i,1 /N i,0 , was approximated as f i,1 /f i,0 Ã x, where f is strain i frequency in the population and x is the population increase in number."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0085__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Selection coefficients were then calculated as s = W − 1 [36]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Relatedness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Relatedness at a locus is calculated as the linear regression coefficient con- necting an individual's allele g with the alleles of its interactants at the same locus, G [69]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the locus controlling donor ability, we consider that g = 1 if individual is D + and 0 if it is D − , and G is the proportion of D + in the subpopulation of a focal individual."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Let d i and n i be respec- tively the number of D + and number of bacteria within subpopulation i, and d tot and n tot be respectively the number of D + and number of bacteria in the metapopulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Then, when sub- populations are of the same size, the relatedness of D + cells is calculated as follows:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Linkage disequilibrium quantifies the deviation from random association between alleles at different loci."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we apply the concept to the association between the discrimination allele M − and the D + allele (Fig 5) and to the association between a plasmid and the D + allele (Fig 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For two alleles X and Y, LD X;Y ¼ F XY ÀF X F Y ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ffi F X ð1ÀF X ÞF Y ð1ÀF Y Þ p , where Fxy is the frequency of individual cells bearing both X and Y alleles, and Fx and Fy are respectively the frequencies of X- and Y-bearing cells in the metapopulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Positive linkage indicates that X and Y are associated with each other more than what would be expected from their individ- ual frequencies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our simulations mimic the experimental conditions of strain growth and plasmid transfer in the same way as described in our previous work [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasmid transfer follows a mass-action law: the number of transfer events is proportional to both donor and recipient cell densities in the local population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The probability coefficient is the transfer rate constant γ (mL.cell -1 .h -1 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Strains are characterized by their donor ability q that modulates effective transfer and leads to a proportional cost of donor ability for the donor cell c q ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly to our experiments, we model two steps: a transfer phase (from t 0 to t 1 ), then a selection phase, in conditions where the Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 20 / 28 plasmid genes affect growth (from t 1 to t 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The length of the transfer phase is set to 12 h after 100-fold initial dilution from carrying capacity, and growth for the selection phase is allowed for 36 h after a second 100-fold dilution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Equations governing changes in cell densities, pre- sented below, are common to the two steps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0088__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "N tot is the total cell density."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Donor ability with no discrimination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In these simulations (Fig 4 and Fig 6), two incom- patible plasmids can be present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "C plasmid (encoding Cm resistance) promotes growth during the selection phase; N plasmid (parasitic plasmid, not encoding Cm resistance) does not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "D + cells have donor ability q, D − cells have no donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0089__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "C plasmid-bearing cells are noted by D C , N plasmid-bearing cells are noted by D N , and plasmid-free cells are noted by D ; ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Donor ability and discrimination in transfer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In these simulations (Fig 5), only the mutualistic C plasmid is present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition to the D locus controlling donor ability, the cells are characterized by the M locus controlling restriction-modification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "M + cells do transfer indiscriminately towards M − and M + , whereas transfer from M − towards M + cells is reduced by a factor m. We assume that there is no direct cost of the M − allele to the cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0090__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To follow the experimental design used in Fig 2, the selection phase is not explicitly modelled here, but we Bacterial Altruism Promotes Horizontal Gene Transfer PLOS Biology | DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002478 June 7, 2016 21 / 28 consider a selection at the end of the transfer phase where only plasmid-bearing cells survive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The default parameter values used in simulations are shown in Table 1 and were estimated from our experimental data (except for the cost of donor ability in Fig 4, see below):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "selection phase to prevent excessive fitness loss for donor cells, assuming a regulation prevent- ing the expression of transfer genes when densities are low and transfer unlikely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each parameter combination, the results were averaged over 1,000 replicate simulations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0092__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The high number of simulations was necessary because Poisson distribution produces high variation between replicates, especially with low founding cell numbers and small initial proportion of plasmid-bearing cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__original__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To study linkage between donor ability and discrimination (Fig 5), competitors and initial conditions were the same as the ones for Fig 3 experiments, with each cell type ðD þ ; ; D þ p ; D À ; ; D À p Þ having an equal proportion of cells bearing M + and M − alleles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, population structur- ing concerning the D + allele was varied by founding subpopulations s 1 and s 2 with varying D + to D − proportion (maintaining a 0.5 total proportion in s population)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__original__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With d 1 and d 2 being respec- tively D + proportion in s 1 and s 2 , we quantify the strength of population structuring by d 2 − d 1 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4319__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their 2016 paper, Dimitriu and colleagues [1] make use of both experimental and analytical techniques to study horizontal gene transfer and the conditions under which indirect fitness effects select for cells with high donor ability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They report both empirically and theoretically that population bottlenecks can select for immobile genes that facilitate the spread of mobile gene elements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, while Dimitriu and colleagues’ in vitro and in silico work provides solid evidence of donor selection, the mathematical model used to explain these results does not agree with the conceptual model described in the surrounding paragraphs and displays nonphysical behavior."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here, we present a correction to the algebra, bringing it in line with the conceptual model presented; we find that selection for donor ability is no longer supported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We then discuss the key differences between Dimitriu and colleagues’ simulation (which select for plasmid donation) and their conceptual patch model (which does not), highlighting the subtle modeling decisions that lead the 2 models to diverge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our sole focus in what follows is the patch model described in Dimitriu and colleagues’ paper (S1 Text [1])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0094__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We make no attempt to discuss other possible circumstances, such as preferential sharing, as explored elsewhere in their paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their patch model, Dimitriu and colleagues consider a population of bacteria with plasmid transfer rate q and plasmid susceptibility s. Each bacteria either contains some focal plasmid (p = 1) or doesn’t (p = 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At the start of each cycle, bacteria are split into an infinite number of patches, each with a small number of “founders” sampled from the global population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In each patch, bacteria multiply to large numbers, and then plasmid transfer takes place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0095__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The plasmid carriage, transfer rate, and plasmid susceptibility of founder i from patch j are denoted pi,j, qi,j, si,j, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All founding strains are assumed to grow to equal numbers during the growth stage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Fitness effects apply during the colonization stage: Individuals have a base fitness W0, plasmid bearing individuals have an increased fitness W0 + ep, and conjugating individuals pay a cost cqqijpij."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This cost is proportional to transfer rate and is paid only by those individuals carrying plasmids before the transmission stage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This cost is paid regardless of the presence of recipients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dimitriu and colleagues then assert that the fitness of individual i from patch j is the following:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wij = W0 + ep[pij + (1 - pij)pjqjsij] - pijcqqij;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While intuitively plausible, this pj, qj term assertion runs into difficulties whenever p and q are correlated or when population numbers are low enough to create incidental correlations, as is the case during population bottlenecks—the particular case Dimitriu and colleagues wish to study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a concrete example of this problem, consider a patch with 2 founding cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Cell A contains a plasmid, and cell B contains the machinery necessary to transport it."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Naturally, nothing is going to happen, as the plasmid is stuck in a cell with no transfer apparatus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nonetheless, pj = 1/2 = qj and hence pjqj = 1/4, indicating a positive transfer rate in Eq 1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Eq 1 is thus inconsistent with the physical model described."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To determine plasmid availability in a population, it is not enough to determine the average occurrence of plasmids and transfer apparatus, but instead their average co-occurrence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0101__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasmid transfer takes place at a rate of (1 − pij)sij[pq]j, where [pq]j = (Σpijqij)/N, the mean of the product, as opposed to the product of the means."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0101__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Under these assumptions, we have the following:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wi,j = W0 + ep pij + (sij/N)(1 - pij)pijqij + (sij/N)(1 - pij)Σi≠k pkjqkj - pijcqqij;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here, we deliberately separate sij/N(1 - pij)pijqij (the “self-transfer” term) from the rest of the sum. Because (1 − pij)pij = 0, we see that, inevitably, sij/N(1 - pij)pijqij = 0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No cell can transfer plasmids to itself, nor to any “sister cells” that originate from the same founder."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0103__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is the critical difference brought about by [pq]j: While population bottlenecks increase relatedness in terms of q (making cooperation easier), they simultaneously increase relatedness for p, making plasmid transfer ineffective."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Assuming founding bacteria are sampled independently (as is done in Dimitriu and colleagues’ simulations), pkjqkj will be independent of qij, and we can calculate the regression coefficient β(Wij, qij) as follows:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "β(Wij, qij) = Cov(Wij, qij)/Var(qij) = β(sij(1 - pij), qij)E[(N - 1)/N qkjpkj] + β(eppij, qij) - β(cqpijqij, qij);"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If we also assume that qij is independent of pij and sij (a case Dimitriu and colleagues consider), this simplifies to:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "β(Wij, qij) = -E(pij)cq;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The only possible effect from conjugation is negative, corresponding to the cost of conjugation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This contrasts with the corresponding result from Dimitriu and colleagues:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "β(Wij, qij) = epEj[(1 - pj)pj]β(qjsij, qij) - pijcq;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dimitriu’s result suggests that q is favored if transfer is sufficiently efficient (Ej[(1 - pj)pj] large); however, this possibility is an artifact of the pjqj term."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0110__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When considering the more appropriate [pq]j, the only transfer term that qij is multiplied by is the self-transfer term sij/N(1 - pij)pijqij, which is, by necessity, 0."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If we drop the independent genes assumption, Eq 3 indicates that q is selected for when either β(eppij, qij) or β(sij (1 - pij), qij) compensate for the cost of conjugation; q must be sufficiently correlated with the beneficial p or s genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0111__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As currently presented, the patch model does not provide any mechanism for producing this correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0111__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While it is possible to drop the assumption that founders are sampled independently, doing so would appear to be at odds with both the patch dispersal model described in Dimitriu and colleagues’ Supporting information (S1 Text [1]) and their simulation code (S1 Code)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Surprisingly, while Dimitriu and colleagues’ simulations do account for correlations between p and q, as described above, they nonetheless observe weak positive selection for q, contrary to Eq 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This apparent contradiction can be resolved by examining the differences between the 2 models in more detail: The analytic model allows only a single “conjugation event” per transfer cycle, while Dimitriu and colleagues’ simulations allow conjugation across a 36-hour time window."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the simulations, a bacteria can both receive plasmids from an unrelated cell and subsequently donate plasmid to sister cell within a single transfer cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is not possible in the analytic model, as all conjugation takes place “simultaneously."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "” Hence, we see that donor selection in spatial models is a second-order effect: Fitness benefits rely on the occurrence of multiple consecutive conjugation events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0112__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is suggestive of the importance of the “transcriptional burst after plasmid conjugation” [2], which has been observed experimentally, and is consistent with Dimitriu and colleagues’ observation in simulations that effect size was very small."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown by Dimitriu and colleagues, bacterial cooperation and spatial segregation can contribute to the evolution of plasmid transfer; however, as we show here, such results are sensitive to modeling details in particularly subtle ways."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This leads to interesting questions about how robust such effects are in real life: Are population bottlenecks and spatial structures a significant selective force in the selection and maintenance of plasmid conjugation? Or does the sensitivity of the models reflect fragility in the real-world phenomena?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__critique__p0113__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These questions we leave to future authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4319__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__response__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our original work [1], we demonstrated experimentally that selection can favor chromosomal alleles that confer higher plasmid donation rates, given the plasmid is beneficial and the recipient has an elevated chance of carrying the donor allele (i.e., preferential donation to kin)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0114__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our experiments demonstrated this effect via 2 mechanisms of preferential donation: biased conjugation rates and structured populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0114__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We interpreted these results through the lens of kin selection theory (benefits via horizontal gene transfer to kin), supported by simulations and an analytical fitness function model."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0114__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These results hold importance by outlining that the evolution of plasmid transfer rates (a key aspect of the antibiotic resistance crisis) is not necessarily the sole product of selection on the plasmid itself and forms part of a broader series of papers from our labs investigating the sociomicrobiology of plasmids [2][3][4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4319__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A new commentary raises concerns over our fitness function model, flagging issues with both the structure of the model and assumptions made in our analysis [5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We stand by the general conclusions of our work but accept that our fitness function and stated analysis assumptions could be better formulated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our initial fitness function is heuristic in the sense it was designed to capture general processes acting on the fitness of individuals, dependent on the plasmid and donor allele status—without explicitly modeling the myriad demographic events of dispersal, reproduction, conjugation, and death that result in selective shifts across a metapopulation of cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Specifically, we captured the “force of infection” faced by an uninfected cell as the product of average plasmid prevalence and average donor allele prevalence in the local patch (pjqj; see commentary for notation details)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We agree with the authors that this force of infection is better phrased as the average of the product ((1/N)∑pij qij), in part because this avoids the potential pathology under limit conditions described by the authors, but also because this approach better highlights that the particular social trait in question is an “other only” cooperative trait [6], illustrated by commentary equation [2], where transmission to self and transmission to others are separated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This separation has the important consequence of highlighting that unlike many microbial social traits where benefits accrue to a group (including self), a cooperative plasmid donor trait can only benefit other cells that lack the plasmid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0115__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Given established costs of donation (e.g., see figure S2 in our original article), this defines our “donor” behavior as an altruistic trait, which can, therefore, only be favored by selection given nonrandom interactions among individuals (e.g., [7])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4319__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4319", "paragraph_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our experimental results outline 2 mechanisms of nonrandom interactions: preferential donation to kin and population structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each of these mechanisms will generate positive covariances between focal individual qij and non-self-recipient qj donor allele states (cov(qj, qij) > 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The pathway via preferential donation to kin (order-of-magnitude differences according to our analyses and more recent measurements among lineages coexisting within natural populations [8]) will also likely generate positive covariances between donor and recipient abilities (cov(sij, qij) > 0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast, to arrive at the result that selection always works against plasmid donor alleles (equation [4]), the commentary makes the assumption that both of the above covariances are zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4319__response__p0116__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We suggest that the additional analyses begun by the authors are an exciting starting point to better map selection on donor alleles, under a broader array of defined assumptions on cell–cell and gene–gene structure, ideally informed by data on structures found in natural bacterial populations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4319/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2411324014_W4200362427_W4200548940", "triad_name": "triad_4319", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4319__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) by patients at home (HBP) is being widely used in several countries and endorsed by hypertension guidelines in Europe, US and elsewhere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1-4 HBP monitoring shares most of the advantages of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABP), despite the fact that the two methods are applied in different daily life con- ditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The main clinical needs for applying these methods are the white coat and masked hypertension (MH) phenomena, which are common in both untreated and treated subjects and are missed when evaluation is exclusively based on clinic BP measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "1-4 Early research on ABP monitoring demonstrated its diagnostic and prognostic ability and established its role in the management of hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1 Indeed, the existence and clinical relevance of the white coat and the MH phenomena has been defined using ABP monitoring."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "1,5 Despite the wide use of HBP monitoring in the community, only recently has evidence accumulated on the diagnostic 6 and prognostic 7 usefulness of the method."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the basis of this evidence, recent European and American guidelines on HBP monitoring adopted an entirely different position and recommended for the first time that HBP should be offered to almost all subjects with elevated BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2,3 This recommendation appears to be stronger for the long-term follow-up of treated hypertensives, 8 in whom there is additional benefit due to the improvement of hypertension control rates when applying HBP monitoring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9 On the other hand, the evidence on the usefulness of HBP in the initial evaluation and diagnosis is less clear, and it has been argued that ABP is more appropriate for this indication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "2 Several studies have assessed the diagnostic ability of HBP by taking ABP as reference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "6 However, they had relatively small sample size, did not always apply HBP monitoring according to guidelines and did not examine all the potential diagnoses together (sustained, white coat and MH) and in both untreated and treated subjects."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "6 The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of HBP to diagnose sustained, white coat and MH by taking ABP as the reference in a large sample of untreated and treated subjects referred to a BP clinic and using a standardized protocol for all the measurement methods according to the current guidelines."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A data set of subjects assessed with clinic BP, ABP and HBP measurements was constructed using data from previous prospective studies conducted in a university hospital BP clinic from 1994 to 2007."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants were consecutive adults referred for elevated BP, untreated or on stable antihypertensive treat- ment for X4 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They were invited to participate in trials involving measurements of clinic BP, HBP and ABP using a standard protocol as described below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Exclusion criteria were severe renal, cardiac or other systemic diseases, sustained arrhythmia and evidence of secondary hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The protocol of the present study was approved by the hospital scientific committee, which did not require an informed consent for this analysis of the patients' BP data and the retrospective collection of other data from patients' records."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The average number of valid clinic BP readings included in the analysis was 5.0±1.2 (range 2-6), HBP 21.3±4.2 (range 8-24) and awake ABP 42.3 ± 6.7 (range 21-60)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the total population, clinic BP was higher than HBP (mean difference, 3.4 ± 12.9/4.6 ± 7.6 mm Hg, systolic/diastolic, Po0.001 for both) and awake ABP (mean differ- ence, 3.1 ± 14/2.8 ± 8.4 mm Hg, systolic/diastolic, for both Po0.001), whereas there is no difference between systolic HBP and awake ABP, yet diastolic HBP was lower by 1.8±7.1 mm Hg (Po0.001) (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In treated subjects, systolic HBP was slightly higher than awake ABP, whereas the reverse was true in the untreated subjects (Table 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Significant associations were found between HBP and awake ABP (r¼0.63/0.76, systolic/diastolic, Po0.001 for both), clinic BP and HBP (r¼0.62/0.73, Po0.001 for both) and clinic BP and awake ABP (r¼0.53/0.69, Po0.001 for both)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The BP threshold for hypertension diagnostic was 140 mm Hg and/or 90 mm Hg (systolic/diastolic) for clinic BP and 135 mm Hg and/or 85 mm Hg for HBP and awake ABP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1 Sustained hypertension was defined as elevated clinic and out-of-clinic BP (home or awake ambulatory)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "White coat phenomenon (WCP) was defined as elevated clinic and low out-of-clinic BP in both treated and untreated subjects, and MH the reverse (low clinic and elevated out-of-clinic BP)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants who provided fewer than eight valid HBP readings were excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HBP readings that were 450% higher than the next highest HBP reading of the individual subject were considered erroneous and were discarded, as were measurements with systolic BP o60 mm Hg or 4250 mm Hg and those with diastolic BPo30 mm Hg or 4150 mm Hg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All HBP readings were averaged to give a single number per individual."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ABP data and additional recorded information from the report files generated by the ambulatory monitors were batch imported and organized in a relational database (Microsoft Access Office Premium 2000, Ireland) using a Visual Basic program (Microsoft Visual Basic 6 Professional Edition, Ireland 2000)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This program designed by LGR (author) for statistical analysis of ABP- derived data reads the ASCII text files generated by the ABP monitor and performs multiple data procedures and analyses, including flagging erroneous readings, valid readings and duplicate readings (repeats), and calculates the average awake and asleep ABP, according to each individual's report for in-bed and out-of-bed period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "ABP recordings with o20 valid awake readings were excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Early readings taken o20 min after the monitor had been attached to subjects were also excluded because these had been taken in the clinic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The average of the second and third clinic BP reading of the three study visits (six readings) was calculated to give clinic BP per individual."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Student's paired t-test was used for the comparison of BP measurements in the same subjects with Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons applied where appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We estimated that using a 5-mm Hg cutoff for clinical significant difference between systolic awake ABP and HBP, the power of a 613 subjects study sample (retrospective data set analysis) was up to 100% (a¼0.05, two-tailed), indicating an oversized study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Student's unpaired t-test was used to compare values among subgroup of participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The diagnostic ability of HBP (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value) to detect sustained, WCP and MH in the total population and separately in treated and untreated subgroups was investigated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The k statistic was used to determine the level of agreement in diagnoses made by ABP and HBP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate independent predictors of the ABP-HBP difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Binary logistic regression models were used to identify independent factors associated with WCP and MH diagnosed by HBP or ABP monitoring."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Covariates included in the models were age, gender, body mass index, systolic/diastolic clinic BP, sex, number of HBP and awake ABP readings, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake and treatment for hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Current smoking was defined as daily smoking or smoking cessation for o1 year and alcohol intake as consumption of any alcohol amount per week."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A probability value Po0.05 was considered statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Analysis was performed using the PASW 18 (SPSS release 18.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A total of 710 cases were reviewed for inclusion in the analysis and 97 (13.7%) were excluded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Forty-eight cases were excluded due to inadequate HBP and/or ABP readings, 34 because evaluation has been performed more than once (first assessment was used), five due to treatment change during the study, five due to acute disease during the study and five due to other reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A total of 613 subjects were finally included in the analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Participants' characteristics are pre- sented in Table 1, for the total study population and separately for untreated and treated subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Figure 1, participants were classified according to the diagnosis of normotension (clinic and out-of-clinic), sustained hypertension (clinic and out-of-clinic), white coat and MH phenomena by HBP and awake ABP method, respectively, for the total population (1a) and in treated (1b) and untreated subjects (1c)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sustained hypertension was diagnosed in 50% by either ABP or HBP (diagnostic agreement 89%, k¼0.79), WCP in 14 and 15%, respectively (agreement 89%, k¼0.56) and MH in 16 and 15% (agreement 88%; k¼0.52) (Figure 1; Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "MH tended to be more common in treated (23% by HBP; 20% by ABP) compared with untreated subjects (10% by HBP; 12% by ABP, Po0.05/NS compared with treated), and this was also the case for WCP in treated (16% by HBP; 17% by ABP) vs. untreated subjects (12% by HBP, 13% by ABP, P¼NS compared with treated)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One-third of the treated and 10% of untreated subjects had controlled clinic and out-of-clinic BP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By taking ABP as the reference method, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of HBP in detecting sustained, WCP and MH are presented in Table 3 for the total study population and separately in untreated and treated subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Among the total of 613 cases, 65 (11%) had disagreement between HBP and ABP in the diagnosis of sustained hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 27 of these 65 cases (42%), the BP difference away from the corresponding diagnostic threshold was within 5 mm Hg, which was considered as clinically uncertain discrepancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Disagreement between HBP and ABP in the diagnosis of WCP was found in 65 subjects (11%) and in the diagnosis of MH in 76 (12%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This diagnostic discrepancy in WCP was considered as clinically uncertain (BP within 5 mm Hg from diagnostic threshold) in 27 subjects (42%) and in MH in 48 (63%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Independent predictors of the difference between HBP and awake ABP awake derived from multivariable regression models are presented in Table 4."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The same potential predictors of white coat and MH phenomena were entered in binary regression models separately for HBP and ABP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The independent predictors of white coat and MH detected by HBP or ABP are presented in Table 5."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main finding of this study is the consistent and substantial agreement between HBP and ABP in the diagnosis of sustained hypertension, WCP and MH in both untreated and treated subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HBP appeared to have high sensitivity and specificity when tested by taking ABP monitoring as reference in the diagnosis of sustained hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lower but still satisfactory was the sensitivity of HBP in the diagnosis of white coat and MH phenomenon whereas the specificity was 490%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several The investigation for potential predictors of the ABP-HBP differ- ence showed the level of systolic BP to be inversely related with the difference, suggesting that for raised BP levels ABP and HBP tend to provide similar results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the other hand, in lower BP, values close the diagnostic threshold disagreement is inevitably increased, since a few mm Hg difference attributed to BP variability might lead to disagreement, which is more often arithmetic (within 5 mm Hg) rather than clinically important."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A significant influence of age on the ABP-HBP difference was also shown, with elderly patients show- ing smaller difference than the younger ones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This finding is in line with a recent meta-analysis by Ishikawa et al., 15 which showed no difference between awake ABP and HBP in older subjects, whereas in the younger HBP was lower."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Pamela general population study provided a direct ABP/ HBP comparison in 1529 subjects and showed that of patients with white coat hypertension diagnosed by ABP 70% were detected by HBP, yet only two HBP readings were obtained in that study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "16 Smaller studies, showed diagnostic disagreement of the two methods in the detection of WCP within a range of 13-25%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "17-19 In the current study, superior agreement between the two methods in diagnosing WCP was found which as men- tioned before might be attributed to the standardized measure- ment methods according to guidelines, which fully exhausted their potential."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The sensitivity of HBP in detecting WCP was superior in the treated subgroup than the untreated and inferior to specificity values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This trend was identified in some other smaller studies, 17,18,20 with sensitivity settled around 50% and specificity around 80%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding the MH phenomenon, in the Pamela study, 16 HBP confirmed only 57%/45% (systolic/diastolic) of patients having MH by ABP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A cross-sectional study of 438 subjects attending a hypertension clinic also found similar proportions of masked hypertensives diagnosed by ABP or HBP (14.2 and 11.9%, respec- tively), yet among subjects with MH, there was disagreement in the diagnosis between the two methods in 23% for systolic and 30% for diastolic BP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "21 In this study, in untreated hypertensives, the diag- nostic agreement exceeded 90%, whereas in treated ones was about 80%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As for WCP, the sensitivity of HBP was lower than specificity in the detection of MH, yet appeared to be satisfactory for clinical practice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The determinants of white coat and MH phenomena have been intensively investigated in previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a recent meta- analysis of 27 studies (n¼12 127), Ishikawa et al. 15 showed that increasing age, female gender and not using oscillometric device for clinic BP, predispose to WCP detecting by ABP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a study of 5716 subjects, white coat hypertension detected by ABP was more common among older adults, females and non-smokers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "22 These data are in line with the current findings, suggesting that female gender and non-smoking are established determinants of the WCP, irrespective of the measurement method (ABP or HBP)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This was also the case with MH, where lower clinic BP was associated with MH, irrespective of the measurement method, and smoking which is an established predictor of MH diagnosed by ABP, 23 was also a predictor of MH detected by HBP."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Taken together, the available evidence suggests that the white coat and MH phenomena have consistent clinical predictors, irrespective of the method used for their detection (ABP or HBP), which supports the view that the two methods are interchangeable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, HBP showed substantial diagnostic agreement with ABP in the diagnosis of hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The between-methods discrepancy may be attributable to inherent methodological differ- ences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The imperfect reproducibility of both methods 24,25 also contributes to diagnostic discrepancy, as well as the fact that most of the BP values are close to the diagnostic thresholds, which might lead to disagreement even in cases with BP difference of a few mm Hg only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The recent evidence from meta-analysis of outcome HBP studies, 7 together with the consistent evidence on the diagnostic ability of HBP suggest that this method should no longer be regarded as a screening test that requires confirma- tion by ABP, as has been previously proposed, 26 but as a reliable alternative to ABP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, ABP remains a unique tool in the assessment of nocturnal BP and the detection of non-dippers, as well as for the evaluation of short-term reading-to-reading BP variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Preliminary evidence suggests that novel home moni- tors can also evaluate nocturnal BP, 27 whereas medium-term day-to-day BP variability assessed by self-home measurements has been shown to predict cardiovascular risk beyond the other risk factors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "28 Given the wide availability of home monitors, their relatively low cost and the good acceptance by users, HBP monitoring should be applied in almost all subjects with elevated BP for both the initial evaluation and the long-term follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0022__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "2,3"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors declare no conflict of interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3010__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A recently published study by Nasothimiou et al. [ 1] concluded that daytime at-home blood pressure (BP) self-measurement is a reliable alternative to ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) to identify isolated-office, masked, and sustained hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Current guidelines [2] define sustained hypertension as consistently elevated clinic and ambulatory BP measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Discrepancies between clinic and ABPM-derived values have been defined as 'isolated-office' hypertension, that is, elevated clinic BP but normal ambulatory BP, and 'masked' hypertension, that is, normal clinic BP but elevated ambulatory BP [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These guidelines also recommend the diagnosis of hypertension be based on elevated ABPM-determined awake and/or asleep BP means, using separate specified threshold values [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, past studies, including that of Nasothimiou et al. [ 1], categorized individuals, as erroneously suggested in the guidelines themselves, as isolated-office hypertension or masked hypertension based solely on a comparison of clinic and awake-time BP values, whether the latter were derived from at-home self-assessments [1] or ABPM [3], and disregarding entirely the asleep BP mean, which is also recommended by the guidelines for defining hypertension."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A major limitation of all these studies [1, 3] is the process by which patients are classified; a comparison of clinic and at-home or ABPM-derived awake or even 24-h BP means would include, in each of the four resulting categories, individuals with either elevated asleep BP means and, thus, abnormally high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3010__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The literature indicates that the asleep BP mean better predicts CVD risk than the awake or 24-h BP means [4], and that the progressive reduction of the asleep BP during follow-up in outcome trials is the strongest predictor of decreased CVD risk, in both people with normal and elevated BP at baseline [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Particularly relevant are the recent findings of the Monitorización Ambulatoria para Predicción de Eventos Cardiovasculares (MAPEC) Study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They show that the progressive decrease during follow-up in the asleep BP mean is better achieved when the entire daily dose of one or more hypertension medications is ingested at bedtime rather than in the morning, the most typical time of treatment [5-7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The MAPEC Study was designed to investigate whether a bedtime vs. conventional morning-time hypertension therapy regimen exerts different changes in the 24-h BP profile and reduces CVD risk [4-7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A total of 3344 subjects with baseline BP ranging from normotension to sustained hypertension according to ABPM criteria were prospectively studied throughout a 5.6-year median follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hypertensive participants were randomized to ingest their prescribed hypertension medications upon awakening or the entire daily dose of one or more of them at bedtime."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "At baseline and thereafter annually (or more frequently if hypertension treatment was adjusted), all MAPEC Study participants were first divided into categories of normal BP, isolated-office hypertension, masked hypertension and sustained hypertension by comparing their clinic BP and awake BP mean values—as customary in previous studies [3]—utilizing the recommended thresholds of 140/90 mm Hg for clinic systolic (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) and 135/85 mm Hg for ABPM-derived awake SBP/DBP means [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The subjects comprising these four categories were further divided into two additional classes according to whether they had a normal or elevated asleep SBP/DBP mean, utilizing the recommended thresholds of 120/70 mm Hg [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0025__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The hazard ratio (HR) of each group—adjusted according to the confounding variables of patient sex and age, diagnosis of diabetes or chronic kidney disease, sleep duration and hypertension treatment time (all medications upon awakening vs. one or more medications at bedtime)—was obtained through a Cox regression analysis using subjects with normal clinic SBP/DBP and normal awake and asleep SBP/DBP as reference."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3010__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A. Subjects with a normal asleep BP mean had an adjusted HR comparable to those of the normotensive reference group, regardless of their classification according to the awake BP mean; isolated-office (HR = 0.87, 95%CI (0.59–1.29); P = 0.501) or masked hypertension (0.71 (0.17–2.91); P = 0.629; Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "B. Subjects with an elevated asleep BP mean had a significantly higher adjusted HR than those of the normotensive reference group, regardless of their classification according to the awake BP mean; isolated-office (HR = 2.08 (1.33–3.24); P<0.001) or masked hypertension (1.77 (1.03–3.05); P = 0.039; Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "C. Subjects from the groups that were labeled either isolated-office or masked hypertension, according to the awake BP mean only, with a normal asleep BP mean had a significantly lower HR of CVD events than those with an elevated asleep BP mean (P<0.001; Figure 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3010__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Apart from the marked difference in CVD risk assessment when subject classification disregards the asleep BP mean, the MAPEC Study [8] indicates that the prevalence of the four considered patient categories, that is, normal BP, isolated-office, masked and sustained hypertension, is incorrect and, thus, misrepresentative of the actual clinical dimension of isolated-office and masked hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Specifically: (i) 58.2% of subjects with normal office and ambulatory awake BP, who should have been labeled with masked hypertension based on an elevated asleep BP, were in the past labeled as normotensive and, thus, mistakenly included in the reference group to calculate the comparative CVD risk of the other categories; (ii) 38.2% of subjects with normal office and elevated ambulatory awake BP, but normal asleep BP—which is indicative of low CVD risk—were labeled with masked hypertension; and (iii) 26.3% of subjects with sustained hypertension—that is, elevated office BP, normal ambulatory awake BP, and elevated asleep BP—have consistently been labeled with isolated-office hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other reports also found attenuation by about 50% of the real prevalence of isolated-office hypertension and a significant two-fold increase in the real prevalence of masked hypertension, mainly in high-risk cohorts involving a preponderance of elderly, type 2 diabetic, chronic kidney disease, and resistant hypertension patients, who are prone to having an elevated asleep BP mean and a 24-h non-dipper/riser BP pattern [9, 10]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In conclusion, the asleep BP mean, determined by ABPM, must be used to properly identify out-of-office hypertension and cannot be omitted in the definition of isolated-office and masked hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Accordingly, these two conditions cannot be defined by comparing clinic BP with awake-time self-measurements at home, as is frequently done [3] and misleadingly recommended as an alternative to ABPM [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3010__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have recently published the largest cross-sectional study to date that provides a direct comparison of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) with home blood pressure (BP) measurements in terms of their ability to detect white coat and masked hypertension phenomena among 613 untreated or treated subjects attending a hypertension clinic [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hermida et al. [ 2] criticized our paper for ignoring night time ABP measurements, and using only day time (awake) ABP for defining white and the masked hypertension phenomena."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This criticism is valid given the accumulating evidence on the prognostic ability of night time ABP, which in some studies has exceeded that of day time measurements [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, it appears reasonable that, as far as possible, all of the information provided by 24-h-ABP monitoring should be used in diagnosing hypertension phenotypes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We looked at the definitions applied for white coat and masked hypertension phenomena in published papers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "White coat and the masked hypertension phenomena have been extensively investigated in cross-sectional diagnostic trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In line with our study [1], that cross-sectional studies evaluated white coat and masked hypertension phenomena have been based almost exclusively on day time or awake ABP measurements [4, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This was also the case in long-term outcome trials that assessed the prognostic significance of these phenomena, which also used day time or awake ABP measurements [6-10], with a few exceptions that used average 24-h-ABP values [11, 12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several guideline documents and statements by hypertension societies have provided recommendations on the evaluation of white coat and the masked hypertension phenomena in clinical practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 2007 European Society of Hypertension guidelines defined white coat hypertension on the basis of day time or 24-h-ABP [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, the American Heart Association recommended the use of awake ABP for the diagnosis of white coat hypertension [14, 15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More recently, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, in its recommendations for the management of hypertension, defined white coat and masked hypertension on the basis of day time ABP [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above mentioned data on the definitions used for white coat and masked hypertension in short-term and long-term trials, and in hypertension guidelines suggest that nocturnal ABP levels are largely ignored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By defining white coat hypertension on the basis of day time ABP measurements, there might be cases with low day time ABP but elevated night time ABP that remain undetected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, by defining masked hypertension on the basis of day time measurements, there might be cases with low day time ABP but elevated night time ABP that also remain undetected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We investigated this issue raised by Hermida et al. [ 2] by performing additional analysis of our data, with the aim of evaluating (i) the proportion of subjects who had elevated nocturnal ABP, but have been labeled as white coat hypertensive on the basis of low day time ABP and, (ii) the proportion of subjects with masked hypertension due to isolated nocturnal ABP elevation, who have been missed (classified as normotensives) because of low day time ABP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to our initial analysis, the white coat hypertension phenomenon was present in 88 of the 613 study subjects (14.4%) when night time (awake) ABP was ignored [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When night time (asleep) ABP was also evaluated, one quarter of these subjects (n = 23, 3.8%) were not classified as white coat hypertensives because of elevated night time ABP (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As expected, these subjects tended to have higher 24-h-ABP levels than those with low day time and night time ABP or normotensives (low clinic, day time and night time ABP, Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is important to note, however, that only 5 out of these 23 subjects had an elevated 24-h-ABP (systolic and/or diastolic >130/80 mm Hg)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, when a 5 mm Hg gray zone of diagnostic uncertainty was applied to define isolated nocturnal hypertension (5 mm Hg above the diagnostic threshold for night time ABP), only 10 subjects (1.6%) changed classification as a result of nocturnal hypertension (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We also looked at the classification of the masked hypertension phenomenon, which was observed in 94 study subjects (15.3%) in our initial analysis that ignored night time ABP [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When night time ABP was taken into account, there were 27 more cases of masked hypertension due to isolated nocturnal hypertension (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subjects with isolated nocturnal hypertension tended to have lower 24-h-ABP levels than those with masked hypertension due to day time ABP elevation only, or day and night time ABP elevation (Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is important to note that average 24-h ABP was normal in 24 of the 27 subjects with isolated nocturnal masked hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, when a 5 mm Hg gray zone of diagnostic uncertainty was applied to define isolated nocturnal hypertension (5 mm Hg above the diagnostic threshold for night time ABP), only seven subjects (1.1%) changed classification because of isolated nocturnal hypertension (Table 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above analyses suggest that in our study taking into account night time ABP in the detection of white coat and masked hypertension phenomena, there are few cases which the diagnosis changes as a result of isolated nocturnal hypertension."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "More importantly, in most of these cases, individuals have a normal average 24-h-ABP, which makes the diagnosis of ABP hypertension and the need for treatment questionable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our cross-sectional study, the vast majority of the participants attending a hypertension clinic had uncomplicated hypertension and low to moderate cardiovascular risk [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are three important issues that cannot be investigated in our data set."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first is the prevalence of isolated nocturnal hypertension in other populations, such as patients with established cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, diabetes or sleep apnea, in whom the prevalence of non-dipping is higher than in those with uncomplicated hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, we could not investigate whether individuals with isolated nocturnal hypertension have a higher cardiovascular risk than normotensives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Third, we also could not investigate whether the selective reduction of night time BP with drug dosing before bedtime is more effective in preventing cardiovascular events than the usual morning dosing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure In Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomes included 8711 individuals from 10 populations, and identified 577 untreated individuals (6.4%) with isolated nocturnal hypertension (low office and day time ABP)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After a follow-up of 10.7 years, this condition was found to be associated with a higher overall mortality (hazard ratio 1.29, P = 0.045) and cardiovascular event risk (1.38, P = 0.037) [17]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several studies in diabetic [18, 19] and non-diabetic subjects [20, 21] have suggested that elevated nocturnal ABP should be taken into account in decision making, even when day time ABP levels are low."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The usefulness of bedtime dosing of antihypertensive drug treatment aimed at improving nocturnal BP control, and thereby providing more effective protection against cardiovascular events has been inadequately investigated [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A recent study in hypertensive patients with nephropathy who were followed for 5.4 years showed that taking at least one antihypertensive drug at bedtime improved the control of nocturnal and 24-h-ABP and reduced the risk of cardiovascular events compared to taking all drugs in the morning [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, the African American Study of Kidney Disease showed that once-daily dosing of antihypertensive treatment or the addition of drugs taken at bedtime did not significantly reduce nocturnal BP compared to morning dosing [24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3010", "paragraph_id": "triad_3010__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the considerable number of studies that have demonstrated the prognostic relevance of nocturnal hypertension, there is still no conclusive evidence on whether a treatment strategy specifically targeting nocturnal BP can eliminate the associated cardiovascular risk [7, 22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3010__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although it seems reasonable that all aspects of the 24-h-BP profile should be normalized, randomized trials are still needed to demonstrate whether more complex and individualized treatment regimens can achieve more efficient cardiovascular protection than morning dosing with long-acting drugs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3010/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1991628659_W2011005461_W2072824928", "triad_name": "triad_3010", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3010__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transferrin receptor-2 (TFR2) is a type II transmembrane gly- coprotein homologous to TFR1, 1 able to bind diferric-transfer- rin (holo-TF), although with lower affinity than TFR1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In iron homeostasis TFR2 appears to have regulatory rather than transport functions, since TFR2 mutations in humans 2 and Tfr2 inactivation in mice 3-5 cause iron overload with low hepcidin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "6 TFR2 is mainly expressed in the liver 1,7 where it is essential for hepcidin control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Its expression is up-regulated during hepatic development but is not modulated by iron; indeed TFR2 mRNA has no detectable iron-responsive elements in its untranslated regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "8 TFR2 encodes an 801 amino acid protein with a short cytosolic tail that contains a potential internalization signal, a transmembrane domain and a large C-terminal ectodomain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This last has a protease-associated domain, a peptidase M28- like domain and a dimerization domain with two RGD motifs, important for protein-protein interactions and for transferrin binding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mutations of TFR2 cause type 3 hemochromatosis: all reported mutations 2 are rare, often private."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mutations cause loss of function and include frameshift, premature stop, small deletions and missense mutations prevalently affecting the protein C-terminus, especially the peptidase-like and the dimerization domains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9 Binding to holo-TF stabilizes TFR2 on the cell surface 10 and this interaction redirects TFR2 towards the recycling instead of the lysosomal degradation pathway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "4 Experiments in cultured hepatoma cell lines suggest that TFR2, bound to holo-TF, may simultaneously bind HFE."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While the HFE- and the TF-binding sites on TFR1 overlap, in TFR2 they are different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "10,11 The HFE- TFR2 complex has been proposed to act as a sensor of circulat- ing iron and as an activator of hepcidin expression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "12 However, recent data suggest that the two proteins may have separate functions and their interaction is also controversial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "13 Iron over- load is more severe in Tfr2 −/− than in Hfe −/− mice and Tfr2-Hfe double knock-out mice show the most severe disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "14 Studies in patients indicate that TFR2 plays a prominent and HFE a minor role in hepcidin activation in response to an acute increase of transferrin saturation after a single dose of oral iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "15 As a further level of complexity, the TFR2 gene, which has two consensus sequences for the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 in its promoter, 12 is expressed in immature ery- throid cells 16 where it is a component of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) complex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0002__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "17 The TFR2-EPOR association is required for the efficient transport of EPOR to the cell surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although neither TFR2-hemochromatosis patients nor Tfr2 −/− mice have evident hematologic abnormalities, the erythroid progenitors from Tfr2 −/− young mice appear less sensitive to erythropoietin (EPO) and have increased serum Epo levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, TFR2 silencing in human erythroid progenitors delays their terminal differentiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "17 TFR1 sheds a soluble counterpart (sTFR1), in vitro and in vivo, which is measurable in serum from normal individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "18"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TFR1 is highly expressed on the surface of maturing ery- throblasts and, when unbound to holo-TF, is released into plasma in high concentrations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This process occurs in iron deficiency anemia, in erythropoiesis expansion and in some hematologic malignancies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "19 In contrast, sTFR1 lev- els are reduced in aplastic and hypoproliferative anemias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although its function remains unexplained, sTFR1 has been proposed as a marker of iron deficiency and/or of total erythropoietic activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The shedding of sTFR1 is reg- ulated by its ligand holo-TF and, as recently shown, is mediated by the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "20 Interestingly, PCSK7 genetic variants are associated with sTFR1 quantitative trait in genome-wide association studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "21 Here we characterize a previously unrecognized soluble form of TFR2 (sTFR2) that is shed from the plasma mem- brane both in transfected cell lines and in TFR2-expressing erythroid cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We show that the process of TFR2 release is regulated by the ligand holo-TF, a regulation lost in a TFR2 mutant (TFR2 G679A ) unable to bind the ligand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because of its low affinity for holo-TF, we suggest that the shedding of TFR2 signals iron deficiency simultaneously in hepatic and erythroid cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A TFR2 wild-type cDNA was cloned in pCMV-TAG4 vector with a FLAG-tag at the C-terminus (TFR2 WT-C-FLAG )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "TFR2 wild-type (TFR2 WT-N-FLAG ) and TFR2 G679A constructs in pcDNA3.1(+) have a FLAG-tag at the N-terminus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A \"soluble\" artificial isoform of TFR2 (sTFR2*) was generated by amplification of the coding region from nucleotide 313 (Arg105) to nucleotide 2403 (Phe801) and in-frame- cloned in pSEC-TAG (B), with a MYC-HIS-tag at the C-terminus, using the following oligonucleotides: sTFR2-KpnI-fw: 5'-GGGGTACCCGAGGGTCCTGCCAGGCG- 3' sTFR2-EcoRI-rev: 5'-GGAATTCCAGAAGTTGTTATCAAT- GTTCC-3' Mammalian expressing vectors encoding for wild-type dynamin (Dyn WT ) and the dominant negative variant Dyn K44A are described elsewhere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "22 Hemojuvelin (HJV)-expressing vector and the hep- cidin promoter luciferase reporter construct (Hep-Luc) were as described previously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "23 FURIN and PCSK7 expressing vectors are described in the Online Supplementary Methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "HeLa, HEK293, CHO-Trvb-0, the erythroleukemic cell line UT7 and the hepatoma cell lines HuH7 and Hep3B, culture conditions and reagents are described in the Online Supplementary Methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CD34 + cells were obtained from human donors who gave informed consent in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Approval for their use was obtained from the La Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital Institutional Ethic Committee."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "CD34 + cells were purified from the peripheral blood after cyta- pheresis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CD34 + and CD36 + cells were isolated by positive selec- tion as described in the Online Supplementary Methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "CD36 + cells were cultured in the presence of 2 U/mL EPO, 100 ng/mL stem cell factor and 10 ng/mL interleukin-3 for up to 12 days for erythroid differentiation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When indicated, cells were treated with different concentra- tions (0.5, 1.25, 5 and 25 mM) of human or bovine diferric-trans- ferrin (H-holo-TF and B-holo-TF, respectively) and human apo- transferrin (apo-TF) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in serum-free media; erythroid cells were treated with 25 mM of human apo-TF or holo-TF."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Brefeldin-A (Sigma-Aldrich), a fungal antibiotic that alters intra- cellular trafficking by blocking protein maturation across the post- endoplasmic reticulum compartment, was used at a concentration of 100-500 ng/mL."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Procedures for pull-down of membrane and soluble TFR2, west- ern blot analysis of conditioned cell culture media and total cell lysates, and the luciferase reporter assay for the effect of sTFR2 on the hepcidin promoter are described in the Online Supplementary Methods."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "UT-7 cells were suspended in binding medium (alpha-MEM containing 20 mM Hepes, 10% fetal calf serum, 0.1% sodium azide, pH 7.2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Twenty-five microliters of the cell suspension, con- taining 4x10 6 cells, were incubated with 25 mL of conditioned medium from HEK293 cells transfected with the empty or sTFR2* expressing vectors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Samples were equilibrated at 37°C for 60 min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Twenty-five microliters of binding medium alone or 25 mL of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled EPO were added to the binding assay."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Then the chosen amount of 125 I-EPO was added in a volume of 25 μL and the cells were incubated for a further 30 min at 37°C."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The content of each well was carefully layered over 900 mL of a cold solution of phosphate-buffered saline and centrifuged at 4°C for 10 min at 600 g. Unbound radioactivity was counted and after three washes in phosphate-buffered saline, cell-bound radioactivity was counted in the pellet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The non-specific binding of 125 I-EPO, deter- mined by adding a 100-fold excess of unlabeled EPO to the binding assay, was subtracted from the total binding to give the specific binding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two independent experiments were performed using two dif- ferent batches of 125 I-EPO and control conditioned medium or sTFR2*-containing conditioned medium from two independent experiments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To study the cell localization and processing of TFR2, HeLa cells, which do not express endogenous TFR2 (data not shown), were transiently transfected with an expressing vec- tor that encodes for a N-FLAG tagged form of TFR2 (TFR2 WT- N-FLAG )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since TFR1 and other iron-related proteins present on the cell membrane release soluble forms, we investigated whether this would also occur with TFR2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the media of TFR2 transfected cells we identified a single band (sTFR2) of about 80 kDa, which migrated faster than the cell-associated isoforms, suggesting that it was the result of a cleavage mech- anism."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since sTFR2 can be detected using an anti-TFR2 anti- body, recognizing residues from amino acid 150 to 250, but not with the anti-FLAG antibody when using an N-terminal flagged construct, we concluded that the cleavage occurs at the N-terminal part of the protein, close to the transmem- brane domain, as occurs for sTFR1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "24 To confirm this finding, sTFR2 from cells transfected with TFR2 WT-C-FLAG , which has a FLAG-tag at the C-terminus, was indeed detected with the anti-FLAG antibody (Figure 1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The size of sTFR2 is com- patible with that of a protein lacking intracellular and trans- membrane regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed the artificial form of sTFR2 (sTFR2*), generated by cloning the TFR2 ectodomain (amino acids 105-801) downstream of the Ig k-chain leader sequence, migrates as the isoform shed from the full length TFR2 transfected cells (Figure 1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "sTFR2 is not an artefact due to cDNA overexpression since it is also released by TFR2-expressing cells, such as the erythroleukemic cell line UT7 and human primary ery- throblasts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both UT7 cells and primary erythroblasts release a band of sTFR2 of approximately 80 kDa in culture media (Figure 1B), compatible with the size of sTFR2 released by TFR2-transfected cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the total lysates of erythroid cells, TFR2 migrates as a doublet of about 102 and 92 kDa, as pre- viously observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "17"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It was previously reported that the receptor exposed on the cell surface is stabilized in the presence of holo-TF with a maximum effect at 25 mM holo-TF."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "10 We confirmed the same stabilization both in transfected cells and in TFR2- competent cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "HeLa cells transfected with TFR2 WT-C-FLAG construct were treated with human holo-TF and apo-TF (25 mM) in serum-free media and were biotinylated to label membrane proteins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "sTFR2 was pulled-down using anti- FLAG Sepharose-beads to avoid holo-TF interference with gel migration of concentrated culture media."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In these condi- tions, as a consequence of holo-TF treatment, we observed a reduction of sTFR2, mirrored by an increase in mem- brane-exposed TFR2 (Figure 2A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A substantial increase in the expression of membrane TFR2 was also detected in biotinylated plasma membranes from erythroid UT7 cells and primary erythroblasts when cultured in the presence of holo-TF, while endogenous sTFR2 production was decreased (Figure 2B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This confirms that the inverse regulation of membrane and soluble TFR2 in the presence of the ligand is also maintained in cells expressing endogenous TFR2 (Figure 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We asked whether sTFR2 originates from the plasma membrane or is released during receptor internalization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To this aim cell surface proteins were labeled using a cell- impermeable biotin and were treated with holo-TF."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "sTFR2 was detected in the culture media of transfected cells after streptavidin pull-down of biotin-labeled proteins, demon- strating that it originates from membrane-exposed TFR2 (Online Supplementary Figure S1B)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To further prove the membrane origin of sTFR2, we treat- ed HeLa cells with brefeldin-A, a fungal antibiotic that alters intracellular trafficking by blocking protein maturation across the post-endoplasmic reticulum compartment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "25 Brefeldin-A induced a strong reduction of both membrane- associated and soluble TFR2 (Figure 2C), consistent with the finding that TFR2 is shed from the cell surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To investigate the potential contribution of endocytosis to the release of sTFR2, we exploited the effect of dynamin dead-mutant K44A (Dyn K44A ), which blocks the endocytosis process, thus \"fixing\" the proteins on the cell surface."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "26 The amount of sTFR2 in cells transfected with Dyn K44A was strongly increased compared to that of cells transfected with wild-type dynamin (Dyn WT ), further strengthening the belief that the cleavage occurs at the cell surface (Figure 2D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Under these conditions, holo-TF was still able to reduce the shedding process (Figure 2E)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TFR2 can bind holo-TF and is highly homologous to TFR1 and the release of sTFR1 is reduced by its ligand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "27 For these reasons we investigated whether sTFR2 release was affected by holo-TF in our in vitro system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "HuH7 (Figure 3A) and HeLa (Online Supplementary Figure S1B,C) cells were transiently transfected with the TFR2-expressing vector and then treated with increasing concentrations of human holo- A. Pagani et al. 460 haematologica | 2015; 100(4) To avoid holo-TF interference with gel migration of con- centrated culture media, we biotinylated cell surface pro- teins and pulled-down sTFR2 in the supernatants using streptavidin beads."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As shown in Figure 3A, human holo-TF inhibited the release of sTFR2 in a dose-dependent manner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This inhibition was not mediated by iron, since treatment of TFR2-transfected cells with iron donors (ferric ammoni- um citrate) or iron chelators (deferoxamine) did not modu- late sTFR2 concentration in the culture media (Online Supplementary Figure S1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To understand whether the observed inhibition was a direct effect of the ligand binding, we used TFR2 G679A , an artificial variant unable to bind holo-TF since the mutation inactivates the RGD binding domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "28 As shown in Figure 3B, TFR2 G679A released sTFR2 in high concentrations and the process was not modulated by the ligand."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To exclude that sTFR2 release might be influenced by binding of holo-TF to its high affinity receptor TFR1 we used two approaches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, we used bovine holo-TF, which specifically binds TFR2 but is unable to bind human TFR1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "28 As with human holo-TF, sTFR2 was strongly decreased in the presence of bovine holo-TF both in HeLa cells (Figure 4A) and in HuH7 cells (data not shown)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, we analyzed the shedding process in TFR2-transfected CHO-Trvb-0 cells that lack TFR1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "29 We confirmed that these cells did not Shedding of TFR2 haematologica | 2015; 100(4) 461"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "express TFR1 (Online Supplementary Figure S2) and we showed that also in these cells holo-TF inhibited the release of sTFR2 and stabilized TFR2 on the cell surface (Figure 4B)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall our results demonstrate that the shedding of TFR2 does not require TFR1 and that the inhibition of sTFR2 release results directly from ligand-receptor binding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because the TFR2-EPOR association is required for effi- cient transport of EPOR to the cell surface, 17 we studied whether sTFR2 could modify the number of cell surface EPOR or the affinity of EPO for its receptor by Scatchard analysis in UT7 cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To investigate this issue, we used sTFR2*, which is functional (see below) and more efficient- ly produced than the naturally cleaved TFR2 (Figure 1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The conditioned medium of HEK293 cells transfected with sTFR2* (Sn sTFR2*) or with empty vector (Sn mock) did not significantly modify the number of EPOR expressed on the cell surface or the affinity for its ligand (Figure 5A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, brefeldin-A treatment decreased the number of EPOR on the plasma membrane (Online Supplementary Figure S3)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To investigate the activation of EPO-mediated intracellular signaling, the phosphorylation status of STAT5, AKT and ERK, major targets of this pathway, was assessed in UT7 cells treated or not with sTFR2*. As illustrated in Figure 5B and quantified in Figure 5C, EPO signaling was not significantly affected by sTFR2*. These data were sup- ported by the observation that exogenous sTFR2* did not interact with EPOR when added to the culture medium (Online Supplementary Figure S4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To evaluate the functional role of sTFR2 in the hepatic To analyze whether sTFR2 could interfere with BMP sig- naling we studied the response of the hepcidin promoter in Hep3B cells in the presence of both sTFR2* and BMP6 and we confirmed the same partial inhibitory effect observed both in basal and in HJV-mediated hepcidin activation (Online Supplementary Figure S5D)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, an effect of sTFR2 on the hepcidin promoter assay was observed only in vitro."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From its discovery more than 10 years ago 1 and its iden- tification as the gene responsible for hemochromatosis type 3, 2 the function of the second transferrin receptor (TFR2) has remained obscure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The role of TFR2 as a component of the liver iron-sensing machinery and hepcidin activator is well established, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The role of TFR2 as a partner of EPOR in immature erythroid cells has been clearly defined, and our recent results have shown that it negatively controls erythro- poiesis expansion in iron deficiency."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "30 In this study we have expanded our knowledge on the structure of TFR2, identifying its soluble form (sTFR2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "sTFR2 was detected in the media of different cell lines transfected with TFR2 and most importantly was present in the culture media of both erythroid cell lines and primary human erythroid cells that endogenously express TFR2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "16,17 We showed that sTFR2 is shed from the membrane- exposed receptor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This conclusion is supported by two lines of evidence: (i) the lack of sTFR2 shedding when the recep- tor does not reach the cell surface, as after brefeldin-A treat- ment; (ii) the increase of sTFR2 release in the opposite con- dition, when the receptor is stabilized on the membrane by a mutant dynamin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TFR2 associates with different partners (EPOR in ery- throid cells, HJV and HFE in the liver) and likely has differ- ent functions in the two tissues in which it is highly expressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the shedding mechanism appears to be under a common iron-mediated regulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed bind- ing of the holo-TF ligand to the receptor inhibits sTFR2 release, while in the absence of ligand binding the release is increased in both hepatoma and erythroid cells, providing a common iron sensing mechanism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Holo-TF binds to the RGD motif in the TFR2 ectodomain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Importantly, the RGD mutant TFR2 G679A , unable to bind the ligand, 28 is insensitive to the shedding regulation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This phenomenon clearly indicates that the shedding process is directly controlled by the receptor-lig- and molecular interaction and, as previously reported for TFR1, couples the TFR2 shedding process with iron defi- ciency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the release of TFR2 does not require TFR1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is reasonable that the shedding of the two recep- tors occurs separately, since their expression is maximal at different stages of maturation of the erythroid cells, TFR2 being expressed in more immature erythroid precursors than TFR1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "16,17 Also in the liver, Tfr2 expression increases during mouse development in parallel with the decrease of Tfr1 expression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "8 Furthermore, the two receptors are likely cleaved by different proteases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The consensus cleavage site for PCSK7, the proconvertase that cleaves TFR1, is not conserved in TFR2 (Online Supplementary Figure S6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The observed inhibition of TFR2 shedding by the proconver- tase inhibitor decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylke- tone (CMK) indicates that a furin-like proconvertase oper- ates the cleavage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, both furin and PCSK7, the proteases involved in sHJV 31 and sTFR1 20 cleavage are not involved in TFR2 shedding (Online Supplementary Figure S6)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, our results indicate that removal of TFR2 from the cell surface is not only due to lack of receptor sta- bilization, but is dependent on an active cleavage process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is conceivable that membrane stabilization of TFR2 by holo-TF subtracts the receptor from the protease activity by changing its conformation or by hiding the cleavage site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The definition of these molecular mechanisms requires further studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We cannot exclude that, as previ- ously reported, 4 decreased endocytosis and TFR2 lysoso- mal degradation might also occur in addition to the reduced shedding in the presence of the ligand."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Different proteins and receptors acquire distinct functions when present either as membrane-bound or soluble forms, as shown for HJV."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "31-33 We cannot exclude a dual and oppo- site role also in the case of TFR2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sensing the increased con- centration of the ligand, membrane TFR2 is proposed to be involved in hepcidin activation to reduce the levels of circu- lating iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "12 Its soluble counterpart might act as an inhibitor to attenuate the signaling pathway, in conditions of reduced iron availability, to increase iron absorption."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We consistent- ly showed a modest inhibition of hepcidin promoter activa- tion by sTFR2, but not of endogenous hepcidin in hepatic cell lines (data not shown)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In addition, when iron deficiency is induced in double knock-out Tfr2 -/- , Tmprss6 -/- mice, hep- cidin is inhibited, ruling out a significant contribution of sTfr2, which cannot be produced in these animals."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "34 Thus a decoy function on hepcidin activation is unlikely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, irrespective of sTFR2 function, removal of membrane TFR2 in iron deficiency would negatively affect hepcidin activa- tion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 6, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An erythroid role for Tfr2 in conditions of low iron has recently been suggested by the observation that iron defi- ciency caused by ablation of the hepcidin inhibitor Tmprss6 induces erythrocytosis in mice knock-out for Tfr2, but not in mice with liver-specific Tfr2 deletion (which preserves the Tfr2 erythroid function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "34 This event was directly con- firmed by the increased erythropoiesis observed in mice that had Tfr2 exclusively deleted in the bone marrow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "30 sTFR2 added to the culture media of transfected cells does not seem to modify the affinity of EPO for EPOR or the cell surface expression of EPOR."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, EPO- mediated signaling appears not to be affected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Preliminary experiments show that the addition of sTFR2 to the culture medium of primary human erythroblasts does not affect their proliferation, survival or terminal differentiation (data not shown)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, irrespective of sTFR2 function, shed- ding membrane TFR2 in iron deficiency might serve to decrease the receptor's interaction with EPOR and to increase EPO sensitivity of erythroid cells, as recently shown in mice with bone marrow-specific Tfr2 deletion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "30 The lower affinity for holo-TF as compared with TFR1 A. Pagani et al. 464 haematologica | 2015; 100(4) makes TFR2 an ideal sensor of iron deficiency in the bone marrow which could anticipate the iron needs of maturing erythroblasts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It is possible that when holo-TF concentra- tion starts decreasing, TFR2 would be shed from the mem- brane, whereas TFR1, because of its higher affinity, would still be able to bind holo-TF."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion we provide in vitro evidence of TFR2 shed- ding, a mechanism regulated by holo-TF, in analogy with the process described for TFR1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the in vivo role of sTFR2, as well as that of sTFR1, remains to be clarified, we suggest that while membrane TFR2 in the liver senses excess iron, TFR2 in the bone marrow has the opposite role of sensing iron-deficiency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This would explain why the effect of lack of TFR2 shedding is not evident in TFR2- hemochromatosis in which iron-deficiency is never achieved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "6,15"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2654__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the recent article by Pagani et al. [ 1] in which the authors identified a soluble form of transferrin receptor-2 (TfR2) in the media of cultured human erythroid cells and transfected cell lines."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the authors indicated that the cleavage occurs at the cell surface and is regulated by diferric transferrin [1], they did not identify the sheddase involved in this process."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We think that the results of study by Pagani et al. [ 1] may help to predict which protease is involved in the TfR2 shedding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Using a general inhibitor of proprotein convertases, decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone (RVKR-cmk) [2], the authors revealed that a proprotein convertase is implicated in the TfR2 cleavage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, in HeLa cells transfected with TfR2, this inhibitor treatment resulted in a strong reduction of soluble TfR2 in the media [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is known that the dec-RVKR-cmk inhibitor blocks the activity of the seven basic specific proprotein convertases, i.e. PC1, PC2, furin, PC4, PC5, PACE4 and PC7 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "But, some proprotein convertases are tissue-specific and can be ruled out, e.g., PC1 and PC2, which are specifically expressed in neural and endocrine cells, and PC4, which is exclusively expressed in germ cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The remaining members of the family (furin, PC5, PACE4 and PC7) are ubiquitously/widely expressed and share overlapping cellular localizations [2], but two of them are known to be involved in iron homeostasis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, furin can cleave hepcidin [3] and hemojuvelin [4] whereas PC7 is the sheddase of transferrin receptor-1 [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pagani et al. [ 1] demonstrated that both furin and PC7 are not involved in TfR2 shedding because their overexpression in HeLa cells transfected with TfR2 did not modify the soluble TfR2 release."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Consequently, PC5 and PACE4 are the only two proprotein convertases potentially involved in the cleavage of TfR2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, it is known that HeLa cells express PACE4 but not PC5 [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, it was observed that UT7 erythroleukemia cells released soluble TfR2 in the media [1] and that K562 cells, which are also erythroleukemic cells, express PACE4 but not PC5 mRNA [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is also known that TfR2 is mainly expressed in the liver [6] and that PACE4 mRNA levels were approximately 40-fold higher than those of PC5 mRNA in mouse primary hepatocytes [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, PACE4 is activated at the cell surface, where it binds heparin sulfate proteoglycans [8], and hence it cleaves its substrates at the cell surface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Taken together, these data strongly suggest that PACE4 is the proprotein convertase involved in the cleavage of TfR2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Interestingly, analysis of the extracellular domain of the human TfR2 sequence revealed a putative proprotein convertase-cleavage site, RQTSLR163↓ER with an Arg at the P1 (residue 163) and P6 (residue 158) positions [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, because PACE4 may activate other proteases, such as the metalloprotease ADAMTS4 [2], we cannot exclude that the TfR2 was cleaved indirectly by activation of a latent protease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, we suggest that PACE4 constitutes the third member of the proprotein convertase family implicated in iron homeostasis probably through TfR2 cleavage but possibly also via the activation of the bone morphogenetic protein-6, a key regulator of iron metabolism [9], which was reported to be cleaved by PACE4 but not by furin in the mouse embryonic carcinoma-derived cell line ATDC5 [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2654__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank the authors of this letter [1] for their interest in our paper [2] and for their detailed analysis of the evidence for and against the proteases responsible for the cleavage of transferrin receptor-2 (TFR2) from the cell surface in hepatocytes and erythroid cells."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their hypothesis of PACE4 (PCSK6) as the most reasonable candidate protease responsible for cleaving TFR2 on plasma membrane and releasing its soluble component is intriguing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2654__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After the identification of soluble TFR2 (sTFR2) in the media of transfected and primary cells [2] we made several attempts to identify the protease involved in TFR2 shedding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As reported in the paper [2], and also discussed by the Guillemot et al. [ 1], we were able to exclude some potential candidates that are already known to have a role in iron metabolism, namely furin and PCSK7, but we did not reach definitive conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We, therefore, generated an artificial form of sTFR2 corresponding to the whole ectodomain of TFR2 from position 105 whose size, based on gel migration, overlaps the natural form (see Figure 1A in the original paper [2])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2654__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Guillemot et al. propose the interesting hypothesis that the proprotein convertase PACE4 might be the protease involved based on its expression and inhibition by CMK: this hypothesis deserves experimental validation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Still, the size of a product cleaved at position R163, the proposed cleavage site of PACE4, is difficult to reconcile with the size of the released form (see Figure 1A of the original paper [2]) since the product of the cleavage would be 60 amino acids shorter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition we observed that in non-denaturing conditions sTFR2 shows a high molecular weight band compatible with dimer formation (Figure 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that cysteines at positions 108 and 111, the only potentially involved in a disulfide bond in the stem region, are most likely preserved in sTFR2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This would exclude a cleavage C terminal to such a position, including the presumptive RQTSLR consensus sequence of PACE4 at positions 158-163."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2654__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2654", "paragraph_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition a mutation of Arginine 158 to Alanine (R158A) that is partially defective in plasma membrane localization did not suppress TFR2 release."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, no conclusion can be drawn on R163A, because the corresponding protein does not reach the cell surface (Figure 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Finally sTFR2 release was not inhibited by leupeptin (Figure 1C), which was reported to inhibit PACE4 [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For all these reasons we did not consider PACE4 as a possible candidate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Obviously all these speculations do not exclude the possibility of indirect cleavage of TFR2 by other proteases that are targets of PACE4 (PCSK6) activation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2654__response__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In brief, until verified experimentally this protease remains an interesting candidate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2654/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2004332359_W1865125576_W1825450949", "triad_name": "triad_2654", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2654__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Crohn's Disease (CD) is a chronic illness characterized by destructive transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with periods of flares and remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1 While CD is most commonly diagnosed among 15-35 year olds, a quarter of patients are diagnosed as children under the age of 18."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "2,3"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Corticosteroids are the most commonly used medication to induce remission in the United States, 4 but can pose particular risks in a pediatric population including: growth retardation, low bone mineral density, adrenal suppression, and body image dissatisfaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "5 As an alternative, gastroenterologists sometimes elect to use exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) as induction therapy in these patients 6 because adverse effects of enteral nutrition are generally limited to gastrointestinal tolerability (e.g. nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) though rare reports of refeeding syndrome exist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "7 This therapy is frequently used in Europe, but fewer than 4% of pediatric gastroenterologists use it in North America, though emerging data shows it is gaining more prominence in Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "6,8"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The benefits of enteral nutrition in patients with Crohn's disease were auspiciously identified in the surgical literature when patients administered enteral nutrition to optimize their nutritional status preoperatively, improved unexpectedly, with some even avoiding the intended surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "9 The mechanism of the beneficial effects of enteral nutrition was hypothesized to be the avoidance of enteral antigens resulting in improvements in intestinal permeability, though recent studies have elucidated other possibilities 10 , including down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "11 Others have found beneficial changes to the gut microbiome among Crohn's patients treated with enteral nutrition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "12,13"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are three major categories of enteral nutrition formulas, and they are differentiated by the structure of their protein content."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Elemental diets contain no intact protein, only amino acids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, elemental diets are distinctly distasteful and often require a feeding tube to administer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Even semi-elemental diets (i.e. peptides of varying length) were found to be intolerable with 57% of patients withdrawing from a major study mostly due to poor palatability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "14 Polymeric diets (i.e. intact protein), which are more palatable and do not always require feeding tube placement for administration, have been shown to perform as well as elemental and semi-elemental diets in the induction of remission of CD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "15"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous comparisons regarding the effectiveness of EEN versus CS in remission induction have yielded mixed results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Five out of seven meta-analyses published over the last 20 years have found CS to be superior to EEN at inducing remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "15-19 Of the seven meta- analyses, two have mixed populations of adults and children, three included only adult studies and two focused only on children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "EEN is hypothesized to work more effectively in children than adults, though the reasons for this are unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "6 The two pediatric meta- analyses focused only on induction of remission, 20,21 found no difference in remission induction comparing CS to EEN."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the ten years that have elapsed since the most recent meta-analysis on this subject, several more studies 22-25,35 have been published, which have included new data on biomarkers and mucosal healing, two previously unexplored end points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, we performed an Swaminath et al. Page 2 Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01. updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of CS versus EEN in the pediatric population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our primary outcome was the induction of remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We distinguished the treatment effects between newly diagnosed and relapsed patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because the field has moved towards recognizing the importance of more objective criteria to identify improvement and monitor disease status, 26 we conducted three hypothesis-generating analyses to examine the effect of EEN vs. CS on durability of remission, mucosal healing and biomarkers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Types of studies-All randomized and observational studies with at least two comparator arms including at least one dietary intervention administered by any route and one non- dietary intervention in English were considered for inclusion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Abstracts and conference proceedings were excluded, as data suggests that abstracts may be inconsistent with the final published article 27 and they have not had the benefit of peer-review."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Types of participants-Patients under the age of 18 with newly diagnosed or relapsed active Crohn's disease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Types of interventions-Administration of EEN in the following formulations: polymeric formula, semi-elemental formula, and elemental formula to one group of patients and CS to the comparator arm in this systematic review and meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients in the EEN arm must not be receiving any other medication, and those receiving CS must only be treated with CS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Though there has been no convincing evidence that there is any difference in benefit between the types of formulas used, and the Zachos et al. 15 Cochrane analysis combined all exclusive enteral nutrition analyses, we conducted both combined and stratified analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Exclusion Criteria-Trials without an EEN arm and trials without at least one clearly defined CS comparator arm were excluded from this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, authors who did not define remission within the text of their manuscript were excluded."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Types of outcome measures-All of the potential studies that met inclusion criteria (Figure 1) measured disease activity with either the Lloyd-Still Index (LSI) or Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (PCDAI)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because the cut off points for each scale is subjective, we defined our outcome variable as the percentage of patients who remained in remission, as defined by the study authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In cases where this information was not provided in the published manuscript, the additional information was sought directly from the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Open Grey, Grey Literature Report, Clinicaltrials.gov and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to September of 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All relevant subject headings and free text terms were used to represent Crohn's Disease and enteral nutrition, including exp Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/OR (Crohn$ adj (disease or enteritis)).tw AND Enteral Nutrition/ OR((enteral or enteric or Swaminath et al. Page 3 Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A research librarian (LF) designed and conducted the complete search strategy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Articles were screened independently by three reviewers (SLF, AF, and AS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Any disagreement at this stage of screening was remediated by acquiring the full text of the article, and discussion until consensus was achieved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Of the 2795 papers identified through our search strategy, 43 articles potentially meeting inclusion criteria were identified and agreed upon by all three reviewers and the full text was reviewed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nine articles met inclusion criteria, but three articles (Sanderson 1987 28 , Papadopoulou 1995 29 , and Levine 2014 25 ) did not provide the necessary data for inclusion in the meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These authors were contacted for more complete data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Two authors (Levine 2014 25 and Sanderson 1987 28 ) provided additional data, leaving a total of eight papers which were included in the meta- analysis (Table 1, Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Justifications for excluded articles are included in Table 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Levine 2014 25 had 4 arms: receipt of only EEN, only CS, only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mesalamine and last a combined EN and mesalamine arm."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our meta-analysis we only included the EEN and CS arm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Sanderson et al. 1987 28 used corticosteroids and sulfasalazine in one arm, and an elemental diet only in the other arm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since sulfasalazine has not shown any benefit in inducing remission in small bowel Crohn's disease, 30 we included this study in the meta- analysis with the assumption that CS + sulfasalazine (in small bowel Crohn's disease) is equivalent to CS only treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three authors (SLF, AF, AS) independently reviewed the quality of the studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We evaluated the bias in observational studies using the New Castle-Ottawa scale 31 and randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane RoB tool 32 (Table 1, Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Observational studies, less rigorous than randomized controlled trials (RCT), inherently introduced uncertainty and heterogeneity into our meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As such, we conducted two sensitivity analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First, we removed the study where the author admitted that the study team preferentially assigned patients to the enteral nutrition arm of the trial (Lambert et al. 2012 24 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, we analyzed the results for the RCTs, prospective cohort studies, and retrospective cohort studies separately-to determine if the results from the non-RCTs affected our heterogeneity calculation or produced a different result from the more robust RCTs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0015__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Because there was not a heterogenous effect across strata when we examined each study type separately for our main outcome, we felt it was appropriate to combine study types as hypothesis generating rather than confirmatory analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data extraction forms were developed by two of the authors (AF, AS) and confirmed by a third (SLF)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data were extracted jointly by two authors (AF, AS) and then a third author (SLF) independently extracted the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Disagreements were reconciled by discussion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Extracted data included: participant age and disease characteristics, number of patients in each treatment arm, outcome measurement (PCDAI vs. LSI vs. \"biochemical remission\"), study design, study inclusion criteria, details of enteral nutrition formulation Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The percentages of patients in remission at the end of the first follow- up period from each study were pooled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cross-study variation due either to heterogeneity or chance was quantified using both I 2 and Chi 2 where P < 0.10 or I² > 50% indicates substantial heterogeneity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fixed-effect models were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If heterogeneity was present, a random effects model was used to calculate the most conservative confidence intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Each study's weight was determined using Mantel-Haenszel methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All analyses were conducted using RevMan5 (version 5.3.5 Copenhagen, Denmark)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We evaluated bias in randomized controlled trials according to the methods described in the Cochrane Handbook 32 which includes consideration of the following: blinding, randomization, completeness of outcome data and method of reporting data (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Observational studies were evaluated for bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool 32,33 (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data have reported the data according to MOOSE guidelines."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "34"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the nine trials that met our inclusion criteria (Table 1, Figure 1), eight study authors either included or provided the proportion of patients who entered remission in each arm which could be pooled in the meta-analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the eight trials included in the quantitative meta-analysis, seven compared EEN to CS (Borreli et al. 2006 35 , Berni Canani et al. 2006 36 , Hojsak et al. 2014 22 , Kierkus et al. 2013 23 , Lambert et al. 2012 24 Levine et al. 2014 25 , Luo et al. 2015 37 )."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 compared EEN to sulfasalazine + CS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Five studies used a polymeric diet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 used an elemental diet, and Berni Canani et al. 36 had separate arms for elemental, semi elemental, and polymeric diets that were pooled together for our meta-analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luo et al. 37 did not specify the type of enteral nutrition that they used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three studies provided specific details about the steroid dosing arms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Berni Canani et al. 36 used methylprednisolone (1-2mg/kg) up to max of 40mg/d for 4 weeks, and then tapered over the following 4 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Levine et al. 25 used prednisone 1-2mg/kg up to max of 60mg/d for 8 weeks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 used adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 2 IU/kg administered intramuscularly for 5 days followed by oral prednisone 2mg/kg/d up to maximum of 30mg/d with a taper starting after 3 weeks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study participants in all trials included in the meta-analysis were children, and the diets were administered via nasogastric tube (elemental diets) or orally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of the eight studies, four studies (Borrelli 2006 35 , Lambert 2012 24 , Levine 2014 25 , Luo 2015 37 ) included only newly diagnosed patients, whereas the others included both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients, Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01. or relapsed only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Disease activity and remission were based on PCDAI scores, though the cutoff for remission varied and some studies did include supplemental information from biomarkers or endoscopic scores (CDEIS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 used the LSI along with biomarkers (CRP, ESR, albumin concentration) to determine remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Correspondence with the author was required in order to obtain patient level Lloyd Still scores levels at multiple time points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Outcomes were assessed at 6-8 weeks except Borrelli et al. 35 assessed outcomes after 10 weeks of treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One other paper met inclusion criteria, but was not included in the meta-analysis because data could not be abstracted from the paper and could not be obtained from the corresponding author."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Papadopoulous et al. 29 used an elemental diet arm (n=19) and oral prednisone (2mg/kg/d, max 60mg/d; n=17) with taper over 8 weeks, but did not provide individual patient status at end of induction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instead they describe successful treatment of flare episodes (each patient could have more than one episode of flare)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They found remission in 83% of episodes treated with EEN and 64% treated with prednisone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A. Enteral Nutrition Therapy for Induction of Remission-This meta-analysis of eight trials included 226 pediatric Crohn's patients treated with an exclusive elemental diet and 225 pediatric Crohn's patients treated with corticosteroids for newly diagnosed or relapsed disease demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms (OR 1.26; [95% CI 0.77-2.05]; Figure 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Comparison of Remission induction for EEN vs. CS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Heterogeneity was not demonstrated (I 2 = 0)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the interest in possible treatment differences between newly diagnosed CD patients and those with relapsed disease, the studies were separately analyzed by type of patient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Borrelli et al. 35 , Lambert et al. 24 , Lou et al. 37 and Levine et al. 25 included only newly diagnosed patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Though these studies were an RCT, 2 retrospective cohort studies and a prospective cohort study respectively, we combined them to do an exploratory analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The sub analysis of these 4 trials included 100 patients treated with enteral nutrition and 171 patients treated with corticosteroids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "No statistically significant difference was demonstrated (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.87-2.98, Figure 3a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Comparison of EEN vs. CS in Newly Diagnosed Patients Only)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A subanalysis of the 3 studies including only relapsed patients (Sanderson et al. 28 , Kierkus et al. 23 , Hojsak et al. 22 ) included 89 patients treated with enteral nutrition and 44 treated with steroids found no statistically identifiable differences between induction of remission between the groups (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.29-1.98, Figure 3b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Comparison of EEN vs. CS in Relapsed Patients Only)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was no statistically significant difference in remission odds distinguishing newly diagnosed patients and relapsed patients, though the trend was towards EEN being more effective in those who were newly diagnosed as opposed to relapsed patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Heterogeneity was not demonstrated (I 2 =1%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "B. Benefit of enteral nutrition therapy beyond end of induction-An exploratory subanalysis of 2 studies (Sanderson et al. 28 , Berni Canani et al. 36 ) was performed to ascertain if being induced into remission with EEN vs. CS had led to a more durable remission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although Sanderson et al. 28 was an RCT and Berni Canani et al. 36 was a Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "retrospective cohort study, we combined their results in an effort to generate a hypothesis regarding the potential durability of remission under the two treatment regimes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 provided data at 12wks (6 weeks after end of induction)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients who had achieved remission in the steroid group were maintained on prednisone 10mg daily."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Those who had achieved remission in the EN group were in a prespecified food reintroduction program with tapering doses of EN."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At 12 weeks, 6 of 7 patients in the steroid induction group remained in remission whereas, 7of 8 patients in the EN induction group remained in remission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Berni Canani et al. 36 provided data at 12 months of follow-up (10 months after the end of induction)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All patients in both EN and CS groups who achieved remission were treated with mesalamine 50-75mg/kg daily."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At 12 months, 22 of 37 patients in the EEN induction group remained in remission while only 3 of 10 patients in the steroid induction group remained in remission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although there was no statically significant difference between the groups (OR 2.75, [95% CI 0.72-10.53], Figure 4, Durability of Remission, EEN vs. CS), the trend was toward benefit with EEN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Heterogeneity was not demonstrated (I 2 =0%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "C. Polymeric formula and Elemental formula for remission induction-The majority of the included studies (Borrelli et al. 35 , Hojsak et al. 22 , Kierkas et al. 23 , Lambert et al. 24 , and Levine et al. 25 ), used a polymeric formula in their enteral nutrition arm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When we compared only these five studies for remission induction, there was no difference between CS and the polymeric formula of enteral nutrition (OR 1.10, [95% CI 0.64-1.89], Figure 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Polymeric formula only for Remission Induction, EEN vs. CS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sanderson et al. 28 was the only study which used an elemental diet only arm and Lou et al 37 did not specify the type of formula used in their study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "D. Mucosal healing-Borrelli et al. 35 and Berni Canani et al. 36 provided mucosal healing data at the end of induction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though these were two different types of studies-an RCT and a retrospective cohort study-we conducted a hypothesis generating analysis to determine whether mucosal healing rates were higher among patients who received EEN compared to those who received CS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Borrelli found 26 of 37 patients in the EEN group achieved mucosal healing where only 4 of 10 in the steroid group achieved the same endpoint."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Berni Canani found 14 of 19 patients induced with EEN achieved mucosal healing whereas only 6 of 18 patients treated with CS achieved the same endpoint."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Overall, patients who received EEN were 4.5 times more likely to demonstrate mucosal healing (OR 4.50, [95% Cl 1.64, 12.32]; Figure 6a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Comparison of Mucosal Healing in EEN vs. CS) compared to those who received CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This result was statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Heterogeneity was not demonstrated (I 2 =0%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "al. 25 , and Sanderson et al. 28 measured CRP at baseline and at the end of induction in patients receiving EEN and CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Again, though these were three different types of studies-a retrospective cohort study, a prospective study, and an RCT-we conducted a hypothesis generating analysis to ascertain whether patients who received EEN vs. CS had differed in rates of CRP"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hojsak found CRP normalized in 48 of 57 patients treated with EEN and all 17 patients treated with CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Levine found 22 of 38 patients treated with EEN had normalization of CRP compared to 60 of 103 patients treated with CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Sanderson found 7 of 8 patients treated with EEN and 5 of 7 patients treated with CS had normalization of CRP."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, no difference was detected in CRP normalization between patients who received CRP or EEN (OR 0.85, [CI 95% 0.44, 1.67]; Figure 6b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Comparison of CRP normalization in EEN vs. CS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Again, heterogeneity was not demonstrated (I 2 =0%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our systematic review and meta-analysis of induction regimens in children with Crohn's disease, did not find a treatment benefit of corticosteroids over exclusive enteral nutrition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This finding held true in the sub-analysis of newly diagnosed patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our hypothesis generating analysis EEN also had superior mucosal healing odds (p<.05), suggesting that this is an end point to be explored in future trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is also a possibility that the benefits of induction with enteral nutrition are more durable than induction with corticosteroids, but this finding is driven by one study, Berni Canani et al. 36 In fact, the two studies combined to study this question may not reflect current practice, namely using steroids or mesalamines as post-induction maintenance regimen in Crohn's disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2836"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our findings are in contrast with the most recent Cochrane review on the subject 15 which found corticosteroids superior to enteral nutrition (OR 0.33)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is potentially explained by the fact that we only used high-quality studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When the Cochrane authors restricted their analysis to only high-quality studies, they also found no difference between CS and EEN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Another potential explanation for their contrary findings is that they combined data from studies of both adults and children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of the seven studies (n=352) they pooled, only one study (n=37, Borrelli et al. 35 ) was composed of pediatric patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the heterogeneity of the results when stratifying by population age, it would seem reasonable to avoid combining pediatric and adult data in future analyses as it may result in underestimating the benefit of enteral nutrition in the pediatric population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some physicians believe that the discordance in efficacy between adults and children is overstated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In clinical situations where tolerability of the EN product is high, enteral nutrition can induce remission in adult populations, suggesting that improved tolerability should be an area of further research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two previous meta-analyses and two systematic reviews on the subject of treatments for induction of remission in children with Crohn's disease have been performed, and our results confirmed their findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Heuschkel et al. 21 (n=194), concluded that there was no difference in efficacy between enteral nutrition and corticosteroids to treat active Crohn's disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this study was underpowered (n=144) to identify differences less than/ equal 20% between the steroid and EEN groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "6 Of the seven studies combined in their meta-analysis four did not meet our inclusion criteria."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two studies 38,39 have only ever been published as abstracts, and have not undergone detailed peer-review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is not clear whether patients overlapped between the two studies by the same author and the decision to avoid Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "including in their meta-analysis was shared by the Cochrane review group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "15 Thomas et al. 1993 40 , was excluded from our analysis because their outcome was \"improvement\", rather than remission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another, Breese et al. 1995 41 , included 8 different steroid dosing strategies (prednisone 5mg/d - 40mg/d) among 10 patients treated with corticosteroids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The heterogeneous patient populations and an inability to evaluate details of trial mechanics, made outcomes for more than 50% of the included population impossible to assess."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An earlier meta-analysis, Dziechciarz et al. 20 (n=204), also suggested similar efficacy between EN and CS for treating active Crohn's disease in children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their meta-analysis combined 4 studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three of these studies did not meet our inclusion criteria."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like Heuschkel et al. 21 , Dziechciarz et al. 20 also included the same two abstracts from Seidman et al. 38,39 as previously described."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Terrin et al. 2 was published in an Italian journal with an English abstract and non-English manuscript."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because the full manuscript was not in English, we excluded it from our meta-analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, Pegnani et al. 42 conducted a large systematic review of pediatric nutrition and CD with several end points, including the efficacy of enteral nutrition on the induction of remission in a pediatric population."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While they did not conduct a meta-analysis themselves, using evidence from Heuschkel et al. 21 and Dziechciarz et al. 20 , they concluded that enteral nutrition in a pediatric population can effectively induce remission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, they included Thomas et al.1993 40 and Terrin et al. 2002 2 , which we excluded for the reasons listed in the previous paragraph."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They also included Ruuska et al. 1994 43 , Grover et al. 2015 44 , and Soo et al. 2013 45 , which we excluded because the former two articles did not use remission as their primary end point and the latter one did not have an enteral nutrition only arm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Day et al. 46 also conducted a broad-view systematic review without meta-analysis on enteral nutrition in the treatment of pediatric Crohn's disease with several end points."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While they also found that enteral nutrition can induce remission, they included the Seidman et al. abstracts 38,39 , the Thomas et al.1993 40 paper and the Terrin et al. 2 papers that we excluded for previously explained reasons."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While both of these systematic reviews contribute substantially to the understanding of pediatric CD and enteral nutrition, they were both broad in scope. Because we took a narrower view point and only looked at enteral nutrition and its' ability to affect remission induction, we were able to more completely examine the topic."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The goal of every meta-analysis is to include the best possible data and pool data from comparable patient populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our rigorous inclusion criteria disallowed the majority of studies included in 2 previous meta-analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our meta-analysis included data from randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, and retrospective cohort studies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our systematic sensitivity analysis showed that when we stratified our results by study design, there was no difference across strata, meaning that the results from the prospective studies were similar to those from the retrospective studies and the RCTs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By not including abstracts, we may have introduced publication bias into our study, but only including full manuscripts, we were able to more fully assess the limitations of each study and understand sources of bias in assignment of EEN vs. CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have detailed these biases Aliment Pharmacol Ther."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 October 01."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 6, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Current clinical guidelines, from both the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and its European counterpart, consider enteral nutrition acceptable to use in all patients with Crohn's disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "47,48 In fact, the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines recommend EN as a first line therapy for children and adolescents with CD, with \"strong consensus\"."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "48 However, there are many persistent unanswered questions on this subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Specifically, the mechanism of action of enteral nutrition remains vague and there is still little guidance on which types of patients would be most likely to benefit, though weak evidence suggests effectiveness is greater with small bowel involvement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "7 With regard to disease duration, our analysis suggests that outcomes may differ between newly diagnosed and previously diagnosed patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Future guidelines may need to make that distinction when it comes to benefits of induction with these therapies 47 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0061__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Challenges also remain in considering induction treatment duration and the best strategy to maintain remission as long-term exclusive enteral nutrition is unlikely to be acceptable to most patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, our study suggests that exclusive enteral nutrition works equally as well as corticosteroids in inducing remission in pediatric Crohn's disease based on clinical symptom scores, but EEN could potentially be superior when assessing improvement by mucosal healing endpoints."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We believe these results suggest a need for further research in this area."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "EEN may have the added benefit of minimizing growth failure, avoiding undesirable and difficult to reverse changes to body habitus, and can potentially result in a deeper and longer duration of remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As such, greater advocacy for this therapy among physicians from the United States may be warranted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2251__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with interest the recent meta-analysis by Swaminath et al (2017) that reviewed studies on induction of remission with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in paediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We feel however that the title of the article is slightly misleading as the authors only include studies that directly compare the efficacy of EEN against corticosteroids (CS), excluding other studies where EEN was used, without a direct comparator arm with CS (table 2, page 1) excluding also points of secondary analysis like faecal calprotectin (FC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We were encouraged to note the authors describe EEN to be as efficacious as CS, as shown in the previous AP&T meta-analysis; with the advantage of superior outcomes in terms of mucosal healing [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We are aware that FC associates with rates of mucosal healing [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, it seemed paradoxical to us that there was no difference in FC levels between EEN and CS, despite the significant differences in mucosal healing rates."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2251__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We looked for the FC data mentioned but found no evidence of the studies from which the abstract data was generated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We performed our own literature search specifically for studies reporting changes to FC levels during EEN, independent of the necessity including a CS arm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From an initial search using MEDLINE with the term “Exclusive enteral nutrition AND Crohn’s” we identified and reviewed 181 abstracts and were left with 18 relevant studies, including five studies from overlapping patient cohorts [4-10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To prevent duplication of results, only one study from the group were considered for the analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Using the mean or median FC as values presented from each study, we calculated the percentage decrease during the course of EEN and found that on average FC drops 48% on completion of an EEN course (figure 1 A and B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All studies except Dunn et al report a significant decrease in FC concentration while on EEN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This study reports FC as binary < or > 250 μg/g."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0064__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This may mask significant reductions in FC during EEN, that remains above normal reference values."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2251__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We identified only one study with paired longitudinal endoscopic mucosal healing and FC data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the analysis performed in this study combined patients treated with either EEN or CS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As they did not distinguish the treatment arms of the patients it was removed from our analysis [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While the exact mechanisms by which EEN works, and drives FC reduction, remain elusive; the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role [9,12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is well known that the composition and metabolic activity of the microbiota is altered during EEN."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The study from our group, Quince et al (2015), collected serial faecal samples and by using stepwise regression, we identified 14 operational taxonomic units that predicted 78% of the variation to FC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This study and others have shown that EEN substantially modulates the microbiota, by reducing bacterial diversity, altering the relative abundance of metabolic pathways while altering the local microenvironment and major bacterial metabolites."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__critique__p0065__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We suspect these mechanisms by extension would be important in the process of mucosal healing too although specific studies addressing this are needed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2251__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Drs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Logan and colleagues for taking an interest in our paper and raising an important point regarding data on faecal calprotectin [1], [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Only 1 study in our systematic review contained information regarding faecal calprotectin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Levine et al measured faecal calprotectin at baseline and at end of treatment in patients induced with exclusive enteral nutrition and corticosteroids [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among those induced with exclusive enteral nutrition, 22 of 72 had normalisation of faecal calprotectin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Only 3 of 23 treated with corticosteroids had normalisation of faecal calprotectin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Although the difference was not statistically significant, the trend was towards greater improvement in the exclusive enteral nutrition group (OR 2.93, [CI 95% 0.79-10.90])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0066__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Because only 1 study met our inclusion criteria, we did not feel it met the threshold to be included in the final manuscript, but failed to update the abstract."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2251__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2251", "paragraph_id": "triad_2251__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree that the absence of statistical benefit does not imply an absence of benefit, but simply that the literature we reviewed was not mature enough to have enough studies with which to base any conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Logan et al do provide data on improvement in faecal from studies which did not meet our inclusion criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2251__response__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree that biomarkers have taken on a large importance in the management of Crohn’s disease, and that future rigorous comparison studies of Crohn’s nutritional therapy should include biomarker and mucosal healing data as part of their design."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2251/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2749270116_W2758045201_W2766924180", "triad_name": "triad_2251", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2251__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The human brain requires a series of complex neural pro- cesses to accomplish routine tasks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, looking at an object and reaching for it first uses the visual system to locate and compute the spatial coordinates of the object of interest (Sparks, 1989; Andersen et al., 1993; Crawford et al., 2011)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The eyes and head then turn towards the object and gaze is stabilized in its new position to capture more detailed visual information (Guitton et al., 2003)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The arm then reaches for the object and, once stabilized in its new orientation, forms a platform from which the fingers can grasp the object (Gosselin-Kessiby et al., 2008; Monaco et al., 2015)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each of these steps is accompanied by a brief transmission of information encoded in a short-lasting pulse of neural discharge."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To use such ongoing bits of information to maintain each step, the brain must convert the transient pulses of neural discharge into sustained neural activity, both at the higher levels of cognition, e.g. working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1996; Curtis and Lee, 2010), and at lower levels for the control and maintenance of posture."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "David Hearley, in the early 18th century, proposed the process of converting the pulse of neural discharge into persistent neuronal activity and formation of a short-term memory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Alexander Bain, later in the 1800s, further elabo- rated the process of short-term memory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subsequent inves- tigators posited that the conversion of the pulse of neural discharge to steady-state firing requires sustained synaptic activity generated by reverberation in a neuronal network (Lorente De No, 1938; Hebb, 1949)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the 1970s David Robinson further developed the concept of mathematical integration for the ocular motor system, based on the fun- damental observation that vestibular inputs encode 'vel- ocity' whereas the ocular motor effector, 'plant', is a 'position' actuator (Robinson, 1974)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This idea was sup- ported by studies showing that pharmacological inactiva- tion of circuits in the medulla, responsible for neural integration in subhuman primates, led to horizontal drift of the eyes from a target location (Cannon and Robinson, 1987; Godaux et al., 1993; Arnold et al., 1999)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other experiments showed analogous integrators for the vertical and torsional components of eye orientation in the mid- brain interstitial nucleus of Cajal (INC), where torsion is defined as rotation around the line of gaze at its primary position (King et al., 1981; Fukushima, 1987; Crawford et al., 1991)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Together, these integrators appear to control eye orientation about axes or planes similar to those defined by the semicircular canals and the eye muscles themselves (Crawford et al., 2003)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Theoretical constructs for neural integration were sup- ported by studies suggesting that continual feedback be- tween the neurons was fundamental to ensure the efficacy of the neural integrator (Cannon and Robinson, 1985; Arnold and Robinson, 1991; Aksay et al., 2001, 2007; Miri et al., 2011)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To ensure perfect neural integration, the synaptic strengths of all network neurons had to be optimally tuned."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most biological systems, however, cannot maintain optimal tuning indefinitely, making neural integrators inherently imperfect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "They can become 'leaky', leading to velocity-decreasing drifts toward a null position, or 'unstable', leading to velocity-increasing drifts away from the null position."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imperfect integrators can be restored to more faithful activity by appropriate feedback."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The cerebellum is one of the key sources of feedback to the neural integrator (Carpenter, 1972; Robinson, 1974; Zee et al., 1976, 1980, 1981; Baier and Dieterich, 2011)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A deficit in cerebellar feedback can lead to imperfect neural integration associated with characteristic centripetal drifts in the eyes from eccentric targets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The drifts are followed by corrective saccades in the opposite direction that rapidly realign the eyes towards the target of interest."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These alternating drifts and corrective movements define gaze- evoked nystagmus (Robinson, 1974; Zee et al., 1976, 1980, 1981)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 1A-C depicts an example of typical gaze-evoked nystagmus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The eyes are relatively stable in the straight- ahead position (Fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The eyes drift to the left after they are turned 30 to the right (Fig. 1A), and are followed by corrective saccades, or quick phases, in the opposite direction (Fig. 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Rightward drifts and leftward quick phases follow after the eyes are turned 30 to the left (Fig. 1C)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The drift velocity, or slow-phase velocity, changes systematically with the eye-in-orbit position, lessen- ing as the eye-in-orbit position approaches straight-ahead (Fig. 1D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The direction of the drift reverses when the eye- in-orbit position passes beyond the straight-ahead to the contralateral side (Fig. 1D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All these features of drifts of the eyes can be attributed to suboptimal neural integration, and are distinct from the constant-velocity drift associated with pure vestibular dysfunction (Robinson, 1974; Zee et al., 1980, 1981; Leigh and Zee, 2015)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Until recently the neural integrator concept was largely confined to the ocular motor system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2002 Klier and colleagues injected muscimol in the midbrain of subhuman primates to inactivate the INC and surrounding structures such as the rostral interstitial medial longitudinal fasciculus and nucleus of Darkschewitsch (Klier et al., 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on previous experiments showing that the INC houses part of the ocular motor integrator, and its projections to the spinal cord via the interstitiospinal tract (Fukushima et al., 1981), they expected additional deficits in head movements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 6, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As predicted, monkeys developed position-dependent def- icits in holding the head still, especially in the vertical and torsional dimensions (Klier et al., 2002; Farshadmanesh et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Attempts to voluntarily straighten the head caused repeated drifting of the head towards a resting position (Fig. 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This motor behaviour was analogous to gaze-evoked nystagmus of the eyes (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, when eye and head movements were re- corded simultaneously, their drifts were highly correlated Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/139/10/2590/2196503 by McGill University Libraries - Serials Unit user on 15 May 2024 (Farshadmanesh et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Eventually, the corrective movements abated and the head settled into a laterally tilted position (Fig. 1A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Finally, unilateral stimulation of the INC produced head rotations that often held their final position (until corrected), as expected by the neural inte- grator theory (Fig. 2B)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In other words, unilateral stimula- tion and inactivation simply produced head tilts in opposite directions, although the underlying patterns of muscular activation were much more complicated (Farshadmanesh et al., 2008, 2012)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on these findings it was proposed that the INC could function as a neural integrator for both eye and head movements (Klier et al., 2002; Farshadmanesh et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They further proposed that the postural symptoms of cervical dystonia in humans, for example, the fixed neck posturing in torsion dystonia, could be explained by severely imbalanced activity within such an integrator, either from intrinsic dysfunction (as in Fig. 2A) or from an imbalance of inputs (as simulated by stimulation in Fig. 2B), or a combination of these two."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, the head only drifted in the early stages of INC inactivation because the system was still trying to correct head torsion (Fig. 2A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The eventual settling of head pos- ition toward the torsional null position could thus be ex- plained either as an additional deficit in surrounding phasic inputs like the rostral interstitial medial longitudinal fascic- ulus (obliterating the corrective movements) or as the system accepting a new set-point for torsion at the null position."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other experiments further suggested that the INC con- trols head orientation about the planes sensed by the four vertical semicircular canals, again analogous to its role in eye position control (Klier et al., 2002, 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The head neural integrator in the INC receives inputs from the ven- tral-caudal and rostral mesencephalic reticular formation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Injections of muscimol into the nucleus subcuneiformis located ventro-caudally in the mesencephalic reticular for- mation, lateral to the oculomotor nucleus, and caudal to the posterior commissure, as well as into the peri-INC mes- encephalic reticular formation, produces head tilts but with less accompanying ocular drift (Waitzman et al., 2000a, b)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There must then also be a horizontal head integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Head rotations produced by stimulation in the area near the hori- zontal eye movement generator suggest that the head move- ment integrator might be located in the pons or medulla (like the eye integrator), but this head integrator has not yet been directly identified (Gandhi and Sparks, 2007)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The neural integrator for head movements is also inherently leaky and feedback-dependent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recent studies hypothesized that the head neural integrator relies on feedback using visual information, neck proprioception, and input from the cerebellum (Chan-Palay, 1977; Noda et al., 1990; Fukushima and Fukushima, 1992)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Suboptimal calibration of any of these feedback pathways results in impaired function of the head neural integrator."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Healthy subjects with optimal visual and proprioceptive feedback can hold their head steady in eccen- tric positions (Supplementary Fig. 1A and B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If visual feed- back is removed the head drifts from eccentric head positions towards a central null, where drifts are minimal (Supplemen- tary Fig. 1C and D)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This observation implies the neural in- tegrator depends at least in part on visual feedback."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The velocity of centripetal drift increases when the position of the head shifts farther away from the null (Supplementary Fig. 1D), as predicted by the neural integrator hypothesis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Head movements are more complex than eye movements in the sense that they are controlled by numerous neck mus- cles; any given neck muscle can be activated during move- ments in more than one plane, and movements can be around more than one joint."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence it is advantageous to use multiple independent sources of proprioceptive feedback to 'advise' the brain about the state of the position of the head (Shaikh et al., 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When the proprioceptive signal is distorted by vibrating paraspinal neck muscles, centripetal drift of the head increases during eccentric head holding (Supplementary Fig. 1E)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The relationship between drift vel- ocity and head on trunk position had a steeper slope suggest- ing a synergistic relationship between visual and proprioceptive influences to improve the fidelity of the head neural integrator (Supplementary Fig. 1F)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In another experi- ment, in which normal visual feedback was allowed but Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/139/10/2590/2196503 by McGill University Libraries - Serials Unit user on 15 May 2024 proprioception was distorted by vibration, drifts in head pos- ition still emerged and were followed by rapid corrective head movements (Supplementary Fig. 1G and H) (Shaikh et al., 2013)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These slow drifts and rapid corrections that appear when feedback is altered resemble the jerky oscilla- tions of 'dystonic tremor' in subjects with cervical dystonia, a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting and turning of the head in any of the three dimensions of head rotation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, in the original description of the head neural integrator Klier and colleagues (2002) proposed that the abnormal head movements shown by monkeys after in- activation of the INC resemble the abnormal torsional head movements in subjects with cervical dystonia (laterocollis)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on this idea, one would expect to also see chronic horizontal tilts if one could continuously activate one side, and thus one direction, of the (as yet to be localized) hori- zontal head integrator."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The proposal by Klier and colleagues (2002) was at odds with prevailing views of cervical dystonia, which focused on defects in the basal ganglia (Dauer et al., 1998) or some- times the cerebellum (Neychev et al., 2011) or propriocep- tive defects (Tempel and Perlmutter, 1990; Bove et al., 2004)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a result, their idea was neglected until more recent studies resurrected the concept by characterizing the abnormalities of head movement in subjects with cer- vical dystonia, in relation to the neural integrator model (Shaikh et al., 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 3A-L depicts head positions for a subject with cervical dystonia, where the favoured head position (null) was 20 to the left of the centre position on the trunk (Fig. 3G-I)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Drifts of head position were minimal when the subject's head was voluntarily held at the null."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Coarse and jerky head movements were seen as the head turned 20 to the right (40 from the null) (Fig. 3A-C), or straight- ahead (20 from the null, Fig. 3D-F)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Typical of cervical dystonia, the jerky movements were present in all three rotational planes including the horizontal plane (torticollis), vertical plane (antero/retrocollis), and torsional plane (later- ocollis)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In such instances, the slow drift in head position was directed towards the null."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The rapid movements to- wards the desired head position corrected for the drifts toward the null."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, in all three planes the drift velocity systematically changed with head position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/139/10/2590/2196503 by McGill University Libraries - Serials Unit user on 15 May 2024 horizontal-torsional planes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Qualitatively the drifts are dir- ected towards the null, minimal drifts are present at the null, and there is a further increase in drifts in the opposite direction as the head passes to the opposite side of the null."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These features of the drifts are quantitatively shown in Fig. 3O-Q. Such jerky, irregular, multidimensional head movements, composed of drifts and corrections in cervical dystonia, are often called 'dystonic tremor', a term that has generated considerable debate (Quinn et al., 2011; Elble, 2013)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It is interesting to note that the movements of dys- tonic tremor are analogous to the gaze-evoked nystagmus of the eyes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Such a resemblance suggested an alternative label for the 'dystonic tremor', and that is 'head nystag- mus'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0022__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Though 'nystagmus' is a term more commonly used in reference to various types of eye oscillations, it can also be applied more generally to any movement that has repeti- tive cycles of a slow drift followed by a rapid corrective movement in the opposite direction (i.e. a jerk nystagmus)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, the term 'head nystagmus' was used more than three quarters of a century ago by Hyndman (1939) in his in descriptions of the jerky oscillations in cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Regardless of the best terminology for these head movements, the results show that they can be inter- preted as deficits in a head neural integrator (Shaikh et al., 2013)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to the coarse, jerky, oscillatory movements, which we have likened to gaze-evoked nystagmus of the eyes, some subjects with cervical dystonia also had smaller amplitude, sinusoidal, and more regular oscillations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These oscillations, resembling 'essential tremor', were superim- posed on the coarse jerky movements (Fig. 3A and D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It was subsequently shown that these sinusoidal head oscilla- tions had characteristics similar to the pendular eye oscil- lations that are thought to originate from instability in the ocular motor neural integrator (Das et al., 2000; Shaikh et al., 2015b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three characteristic features of these sinus- oidal head oscillations supported their origin in an abnor- mal neural integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the amplitude of oscillation depended upon the head-on-trunk orientation; second there was no influence of head position on the frequency of oscillations; and finally there was a reset in phase of the oscillation after rapid head movements."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, these quan- titative studies of head movements in cervical dystonia pro- vided strong support for a mixed disorder, combining at least two subtypes of oscillatory head movements, and both could be related to abnormal function of a head neural integrator (Shaikh et al., 2013, 2015b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Proposals suggesting a relationship of the head neural inte- grators in the INC or its surrounding area to cervical dys- tonia do not imply that pathology in cervical dystonia must be intrinsic to these regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Major inputs to this area are from the cerebellum (Fig. 4), a region already implicated in cervical dystonia (Pelisson et al., 1998"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These new concepts for the pathogenesis of cervical dys- tonia, based on the idea of an impaired neural integrator that receives multiple sources of feedback, are not mere academic exercises in anatomical localization or physi- ology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They have direct implications for treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, the new concept points to potentially novel stimulation targets for deep brain stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Traditionally, deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia targets the internal segment of the globus pallidus or the subthalamic nucleus, but outcomes are not predictable (Vidailhet et al., 2005; Kiss et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The neural inte- grator concept suggests that stimulation of the INC or its cerebellar inputs may be a future strategy to treat cervical dystonia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 1, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The concept of involvement of the midbrain in the con- trol of 3D head orientation is not new."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the early 1950s Hassler and Hess applied monopolar electrical stimulation near the INC to evoke head movements in normal humans (Hassler and Hess, 1954)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Two decades later, during elec- trical stimulation of the INC, medio-superior red nucleus, and parts of medical longitudinal fasciculus posterior and inferior to the intercommisural line and lateral to the mid- plane, Sano noted vertical head movements accompanied by marked contraction and electromyographic discharges of posterior neck muscles bilaterally, such as the splenius capitis and trapezius in subjects with cervical dystonia (Sano et al., 1970)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ablation of these regions reduced retro- collis (Sano et al., 1970)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Stimulation of an area superior, anterior and lateral to INC resulted in contraction of both sternocleidomastoids accompanied by anteroflexion of the neck (Sano et al., 1970)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Periaquaductal stimulation using a weaker electrical charge extinguished electromyographic discharges in bilateral posterior neck muscles followed by improvement in neck muscle tone (Sano et al., 1970)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Hassler later targeted the efferent projections of the INC, the ventro-oralis internus thalami, for the surgical treat- ment of torticollis (Hassler and Dieckmann, 1970) and the prestitial nucleus for retrocollis (Hassler et al., 1981)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These procedures were largely abandoned as a treatment for cervical dystonia because results were sometimes unpre- dictable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This unpredictability is not surprising, because of the lack of a guiding conceptual model regarding how ma- nipulations of these regions might alter head positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in light of the neural integrator hypothesis, we can begin to understand the subtleties of these effects, such as the initial drift of head position after the inactivation of INC (Fig. 2A), and the holding of final head orientation after unilateral stimulation of this nucleus (Fig. 2B)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, these new hypotheses incorporating a neural in- tegrator in the pathogenesis of cervical dystonia, encourage us to revisit these target areas with more refined techniques that might offer therapeutic benefit to subjects with cervical dystonia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Contemporary concepts emphasize the role of feedback in the pathogenesis of dystonias and also link to the most popular treatment of cervical dystonia, botulinum toxin in- jections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such therapy not only affects the neuromuscular junction, but it also modulates the afferent output of the cholinergic extra and intrafusal fibres (Filippi et al., 1993; Rosales et al., 1996, 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In support of this idea about pathogenesis are the effects of botulinum toxin on the spinal and supra-spinal reflex pathways (Rosales et al., 1996)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additional evidence comes from reduced central ex- citability with trans-cranial magnetic stimulation in humans after injection of botulinum toxin type A injection into the extensor digitorum brevis muscle (Kim et al., 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is also possible that the effects of botulinum toxin are com- bined with the secondary effects of muscle weakening on spindle activity and proprioception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Clinical observations also support the idea that botulinum toxin affects the muscle spindle as there is a lack of a simple relationship between the required dose of the toxin and the observed clinical benefit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is often noted that the abnormal neck"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, we present a novel conceptual framework for the pathogenesis of cervical dystonia that emphasizes the role of abnormal feedback to the midbrain head neural integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The idea that proprioception, the cerebel- lum, and basal ganglia are key sources of feedback to the head neural integrator is compatible with contemporary perspectives on cerebellar or proprioceptive abnormalities as contributors to dystonia, as well as conventionally sug- gested impairments in the function of basal ganglia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This proposed framework for the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia departs from longstanding traditional concepts of dystonia that focused exclusively on the basal ganglia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More importantly, this framework suggests novel therapies for cervical dystonia such as chronic electrical stimulation of the cerebellum or modulation of proprioception using vibration or electrocutaneous stimulation devices."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_545__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the article by Shaikh et al. ( 2016) presenting a pathophysiological explanation of cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cervical dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary twisting and turning of the head in any of the three dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors proposed that the abnormalities of head movements seen in the disease stem from a malfunctioning head neural integrator caused by either an intrinsic dysfunction or as a result of impaired cerebellar, basal ganglia, or peripheral feedback."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Several studies hypothesized that the head neural integrator relies on feedback using visual information, neck proprioception, and input from the cerebellum [1][2][3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Starting from the hypothesis that visual feedback may play a crucial role in the functionality of the head neural integrator and, subsequently, in the pathophysiology of dystonia, we decided to analyse the straight-ahead preference in healthy human subjects and patients with cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Several studies had previously demonstrated a dysfunction of visuo-spatial perception in cervical dystonia [4][5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In particular, it had been suggested that egocentric space representation was impaired in cervical dystonia and that visual straight-ahead perception was shifted towards the trunk compared to normal subjects whose visual straight-ahead were claimed to coincide with the head midsagittal plane [4][5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_545__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our study was based on the observation that healthy human subjects gazing to the side had been reported to respond faster to objects appearing in the peripheral visual field when the objects were displayed at a location in the subjects’ straight-ahead direction compared to objects displayed at an eccentric location to the subjects’ position [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This effect was independent of the subjects’ direction of gaze and could be found even though the objects formed similar images on the retina and had the same distance from the fovea."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recently, the described behavioural observations of a preferential processing for visual information coming from the straight-ahead direction could be confirmed by a functional MRI study in healthy subjects on stimulus-evoked blood oxygen level-dependent responses in V1 and V2 [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors provided evidence that visual stimuli elicited an enhanced response when presented closer to the straight-ahead direction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The straight-ahead preference for visual information coming from the peripheral visual field may be part of the head neural integrator system, however, the exact underlying mechanism for this effect remains unclear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Possible explanations could be a top-down or attentional modulation of visual cortex processing that allows the subject to select behaviourally relevant information, or a bottom-up modulation by extra-retinal signals, such as proprioceptive information encoding the eye position."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_545__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their study with human subjects, Durand et al. used an attention-demanding test that required their participants to not only disengage their gaze but also their attention from the straight-ahead position [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the results of this particular task showed the same preference for the straight-ahead perception of visual objects, the authors concluded that while an attentional explanation could not be excluded, the observed effect does not seem to require full attentional resources, and that there might be an automatic early integration of visual and postural inputs, which facilitate straight-ahead perception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This explanatory model would be in line with several studies reporting on the influence of gaze direction or proprioceptive eye position signals on visual cortex processing [8][9][10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_545__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When adapting the paradigm of Durand et al. to an experimental setting (see Supplementary material for method) including healthy subjects and patients with cervical dystonia, we found that patients with cervical dystonia did not exhibit any preferential reaction for targets displayed closer to their head or their trunk axis at the population level (see Supplementary material for results)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our study may reveal a subtle perturbation of the visual information processing in cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is unclear whether or not the described impairment of visual information processing in cervical dystonia is part of the cause or of the result of the disease’s pathophysiology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, our findings underline that other sensory inputs and cortical processes are affected in cervical dystonia and that their impairment may contribute to the hypothesized dysfunction of the head neural integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additionally, they may broaden the spectrum of possible novel therapies mentioned by Shaikh et al. in that physical therapy using visual feedback techniques could be helpful in treating the disease [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_545__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate the thoughtful comments from Amlang and colleagues regarding our recent viewpoint [1]. They raise the important point that the neural integrator responsible for controlling head position relies on visual feedback in addition to feedback from the cerebellum, proprioceptors, and the basal ganglia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To address these ideas, Amlang and colleagues analyzed the ‘straight-ahead preference’ in subjects with cervical dystonia and compared it with that of healthy subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ‘straight-ahead preference’ is a classic physiological phenomenon in which the reaction time to a novel image appearing in the peripheral visual field is longer if the eyes and the gaze are straight ahead, aligned with the trunk than if the eyes are turned to an eccentric location and the target appears straight ahead, in line with head or trunk [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This privileged visual processing of the straight-ahead direction in humans is of fundamental functional significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As multi-tasking creatures, we scan the environment while in motion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As a result, gaze often is not straight ahead, but it is beneficial to be able to refixate promptly to targets that appear directly in front to avoid potential obstacles or accidents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Such behavior would require the brain to have internal knowledge of the relative alignment of the position of the eye (retina) in the orbit, the head on the body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Disorders affecting head movements, such as cervical dystonia, could interfere with the coordinate transformations necessary for optimal visual function."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0038__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The elegant experiments by Amlang and colleagues [1] provide proof of such a principle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "They found an overall increase in reaction time in subjects with cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The reaction time to the peripheral target location that was in line with the sagittal plane passing through the head was still less compared to a peripheral target that was eccentric compared to the head."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was unclear whether impaired visuospatial processing in cervical dystonia is the cause or consequence of these phenomena."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors now speculate that altered visual input can affect the function of a presumed head neural integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We agree with this possibility as an additional mechanism for an impaired head neural integrator."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Here we offer another insight on how impaired neural integration affects visuospatial processing and reaction times."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 1, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A fundamental function of our visual system is to generate a 3D map of our surroundings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The brain uses this internal construct to launch appropriate reaching movements and locomotive behavior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such a seemingly simple goal requires a series of complex transformations from retinal to body-centered coordinates [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The parietal eye fields in primates represent space in a gaze-centered frame of reference [4][5][6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, this neural activity is modulated by eye-in-head or head-on-trunk orientation [7][8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The goal of such modulation is to allow implicit transformations from a retinal to a head-centered and then to a body-centered frame of reference [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Eye, head, and body orientation signals are an important source of the signals required for these transformations [5][6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The brainstem neural integrators are critical for generation of the motor commands for eye, head, and body position [9][10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0040__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Thus, if these structures do not function correctly, one might expect errors to occur in coordinate transformations for gaze control, reaching, and other visuomotor behaviors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results can be explained given not only the head neural integrator hypothesis, but in general as a consequence of motor uncertainty or a mismatch between the efferent motor output and the efference copy being used for transformations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are two ways the brain receives head-on-trunk orientation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One is via an efference copy from the neural integrator and the other is from proprioceptive afference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Impairment in a head neural integrator could interfere with processing of both types of information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As a result, the position signals necessary for coordinate transformations become less faithful, possibly more noisy and consequently increase the chances of inaccuracy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To compensate for this potential for error the reaction time could be increased to give the brain more time to become more certain of the needed response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is also possible, however, that the head neural integrator has little role in such a phenomenon and that the increase in the reaction time is merely due to extraneous ‘noise’ in proprioceptive muscle output in cervical dystonia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0041__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In such a situation, one might expect an indirect modulation of the output from the head neural integrator."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Subjects with cervical dystonia often present with a jerky head tremor [11][12][13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These head oscillations and consequent eye oscillations (due to a tremor-induced but normal vestibulo-ocular reflex response) lead to a constantly changing head-on-trunk orientation and eye-in-orbit position."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a result, there is a discrepancy as the target image on the retina remains stable, but the head-on-trunk and eye-in-head orientations are constantly in flux."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such extraneous signals could also increase motor uncertainty and increase reaction time."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Several other studies suggested that visual-spatial orientation is disrupted in cervical dystonia [14][15][16] showing that the perception of visual-spatial orientation is referenced to the head in normal subjects, while in cervical dystonia it is shifted to the trunk."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "545", "paragraph_id": "triad_545__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, we agree with the possibility that abnormal visuospatial processing could contribute to dysfunction of the head neural integrator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, it is also plausible that dysfunction of the head neural integrator itself can also affect visuospatial coordinate transformations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This concept is consistent with the notion that cervical dystonia is not a disorder localized to a single brain region, but instead is a consequence of widespread impairment in a neural network responsible for sensorimotor integration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With the considerable complexity of these neural networks controlling the position of the head, disentangling the core deficit causing cervical dystonia remains a challenge."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_545__response__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nevertheless, the concept of a head neural integrator provides a conceptual model that may help to guide further studies of the pathophysiology of this disorder."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_545/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2461642639_W3152382451_W2566225367", "triad_name": "triad_545", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_545__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Employing advanced techniques in chemical synthesis consti- tutes an effective approach to realizing unconventional compounds, sometimes opening access even to new classes of materials featuring, e.g., novel bonding principles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One such example concerns multinary silver oxides, which are thermally notoriously labile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Using specially designed Bridgeman-type autoclaves made of distinctly scaling-resistant steel, 1 enduring conditions applied of up to 7 Â 10 8 Pa pressure of oxygen and up to 973 K temperature enables suppression of the thermal degradation of Ag 2 O and thus reaction of this oxide in all-solid state reactions with any other binary oxide in the periodic table."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In a preconceived view, one would expect the oxides attainable this way, Ag x M y O z (M ¼ nonmetal or metal), to represent analogues of respective alkali metal oxides."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, systematic exploration of such systems has revealed that singular early observations of conspicuously short Ag + -Ag + separations in oxides are not strange exceptions, but manifestations of a general feature of the chemistry of silver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2-4 Primarily in oxides with high silver contents, silver(I) ions tend to aggregate form- ing partial structures that are topologically reminiscent of elemental silver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, such structural motifs are asso- ciated with specic physical properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "5, 12 for which precise dimensions have been determined here for the rst time, unaffected by disorder 13 or under-occupation of atomic positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "14 The ndings shed light on the common effects of covalent bond length contractions caused by multiple bonding and/or superimposed polar contributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Comparison with isosteric P 4 O 10 reveals that the bond distances to the terminal oxygen atoms are signicantly less contracted in the borate, which does not feature any low lying orbitals that might mediate multiple bonding, while in accordance with the small difference in the electronegativities 15 of boron (2.051) and phosphorus (2.253), possible contractions due to polarities of the B-O and P-O terminal bonds are of comparable magnitudes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The strange overall composition encountered is even more puzzling since such a kind of ternary oxide, a silver borate, is expected to follow heuristic rules of stoichiometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the light of the electron counts given, which suggest the presence of itinerant excess electrons, it comes as a surprise that according to resistivity measurements the title compound is a small band gap semiconductor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, anal- yses of electron localizations using DFT based calculations comply with the experimental results."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Apparently, a new generalizable facet of the chemistry of silver becomes recog- nizable, which will complement text book knowledge of this element and bears potential for realizing interesting material properties due to the subtleties of electron localizations found."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Polycrystalline samples of Ag 16 B 4 O 10 were prepared by the solid state reaction of elemental Ag and H 3 BO 3 , or B 2 O 3 , in stainless- steel autoclaves at elevated oxygen pressures of 2 Â 10 7 to 5 Â 10 7 Pa and temperatures of 563-623 K. The starting materials were intimately mixed, pressed to pellets and placed in gold tubes, which were sealed at one end and crimped at the other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Small amounts of H 2 O were added into the gold tubes to promote crystallization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a typical synthesis batch 0.03 mol of Ag and 0.01 mol of H 3 BO 3 were used, with the addition of 0.5 mL H 2 O."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Laboratory powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data (Fig. 1) were collected at room temperature on a Bruker D8 diffractometer with germanium monochromatized Cu-Ka1 radiation (l ¼ 1.5406Å), in steps of 0.01 over a 2q range of 10-90 degrees."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A Rietveld prole t was carried out with the TOPAS-4.2.0.2 (AXS) program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "16 The rened parameters were scale factor, sample displacement (mm), background as a Chebyshev polynomial of 5th degree, 1/x function, crystallite size, micro-strain (Stephens broaden model 17 ) and cell constants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, temperature dependent PXRD data were collected in the temperature range from room temperature to 773 K, in intervals of 50-100 K, as shown in the ESI, Fig. S1.†"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A crystal suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction was selected in a drybox (M. Braun, Garching, Germany) under an argon atmosphere (<0.1 ppm O 2 , H 2 O) and mounted in a sealed glass capillary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Diffraction data were collected at room temperature (298 K) with a SMART APEX-I CCD X-ray diffractometer (Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany), using Mo-Ka radiation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The inten- sities of the Bragg reections were integrated with the SAINT subprogram in the Bruker Suite soware."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "18 A multi-scan absorption correction was applied using SADABS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "19 The crystal structures were solved by direct methods and rened by full- matrix least-square tting with the SHELXTL soware package."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "20,21 Experimental details and crystallographic data are given in Tables S1-S3.†"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Magnetic properties were studied using a Quantum Design MPMS SQUID Magnetometer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Zero-eld-cooled (ZFC) and eld- cooled (FC) magnetic susceptibility data were recorded in a 10 000 Oe eld while warming the sample from 5 to 300 K. Resistivities of polycrystalline bars (approximate dimensions 3 Â 3 Â 10 mm 3 ) of Ag 16 B 4 O 10 were recorded using a standard four-probe dc technique on a Quantum Design physical prop- erty measurement system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Density functional (DFT) calculations, based on the experi- mental structure of Ag 16 B 4 O 10 , were performed using the CRYSTAL17 program package."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "22 The bands in the semi-core and valence space, considering 19 valence electrons of each silver atom, 6 for O and 3 for B, are expanded in terms of local Gaussian basis functions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The core electrons are represented by scalar relativistic pseudopotentials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Details on the exponents and contractions are given in the ESI.† The integration in reciprocal space was based on 242 k-points in the irreducible part of the Brillouin zone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results presented here are ob- tained with the short-range-separated hybrid functional HSE- sol 23 for the exchange and correlation terms in the Kohn-Sham equations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Atomic charges were evaluated by analyzing the electron density topologically according to the QTAIM approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "24 A search of the atomic basins was performed with the critic2 (ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "25 and 26) program on the basis of a 321 Â 321 Â 201 grid of data points of the valence electron density, augmented by core densities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Within the basins, the valence density was integrated in order to get the net charges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Data grids This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In more detail, all silver atoms are engaged in octahedral homoatomic building units, which are linked by sharing edges and vertices to form a 3D framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Every silver atom is coordinated by either one or two oxygen atoms at a distance typical of this pair of atoms d(Ag-O) ¼ 2.20-2.35Å (see Table S3†)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The rare complex anion B 4 O 10 8À has been observed here as an \"isolated\", i.e. unbridged, entity for the rst time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "12 Two previous reports present this building block as part of an extended framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, in both cases the structural analyses performed suffer from disorder, where occupation factors of 1/2 for the intra-cage bridging oxygen atoms even question the connectivity, i.e. the presence of such an integral anion, at all, 13 or from rening split atom positions for the anion in two orientations, impairing the accuracy of the data obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "14 The molecular anion, see Fig. 5, is isostructural and (valence) isoelectronic to P 4 O 10 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The bond lengths are in the expected range, see Tables 1 and S3,† and the variations reect the position of the oxygen atoms, terminal or bridging within the adamantane type of cage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Drawing the chemical bonds of the cage anion in terms of the Lewis concept requires placing a formal negative charge on both, the boron and the terminal oxygen atoms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although a formalism, this tells that the bonding situation is special and suggests looking for the respective structural distinguishing features by comparing with the This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "View Article Online isosteric cage molecule P 4 O 10 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Such an approach would imply comparison of the bonding of elements from the second and third row of the periodic table."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the latter, contributions of d p -p p multiple bonding and superimposed polar interactions are factors of inuence, 34 while for the former such d p -p p , or p p -p p interactions are not relevant; consequently, the bonding within the borate anion, where all boron atoms are in tetrahe- dral coordination, has to be analyzed exclusively in terms of s bonding schemes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, comparing the bond lengths in B 4 O 10 8À and P 4 O 10 (ref. 35) reveals signicant differences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the borate the terminal B-O bonds are only 4.4% shorter than the bridging ones, whereas the respective shrinkage amounts to 10.1% for the phosphorous oxide, see Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Obviously, for the P-O terminal bonds multiple bonding and polarity act in a syner- gistic fashion, while in the borate for the shrinkage of the B- O terminal bonds only polar inter-actions superimposing the s bond are relevant, resulting in a smaller net effect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The B 4 O 10 8À cage like polyoxoanion is electron precise, and thus the excess electrons according to (Ag + ) 16 (B 3+ ) 4 (O 2À ) 10 Â 8e À have to be accommodated by the silver substructure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a consequence, one would expect itinerant electrons being present, giving rise to metallic conductivity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Surprisingly, the compound is a small band gap semiconductor, and diamag- netic, as shown in Fig. 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By tting the resistivities in the high temperature range above 150 K to the Arrhenius equation (Fig. 6 inset), an experimental band gap of 4.71(1) meV was obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This value is essentially identical to the calculated one, see below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The diamagnetic susceptibilities are estimated to be À1147 Â 10 À6 cm 3 mol À1 , based on an analysis of the magnetic susceptibilities applying a Curie-Weiss, Pauli and diamagnetic term."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The upturn tail below 30 K is dominated by an unknown paramagnetic impurity (about 0.2% with S ¼ 1/2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0014__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These results indicate the presence of localized and paired excess electrons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, no particularly shortened individual Ag-Ag bond- length can be identied that would provide evidence for normal 2e-2c bonds, although the interatomic silver separa- tions are on average smaller than those found for elemental silver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As can be seen from Fig. 4 (red circle) the 'empty' octahedral silver units appear to cluster, forming blocks con- sisting of ve edge sharing octahedra."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Each such cluster entity features two tetrahedral voids, where three out of six edges formed by silver atoms are substantially shorter (2.80Å on average) than the separation in elemental silver (2.89Å)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This gives a rst qualitative hint to the fact that these are the regions in real space where the excess electrons might be accommo- dated."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since these tetrahedral sites add up to four per formula unit, which in total may host four pairs of excess electrons, i.e. all of them, this view would comply with the experimentally found magnetic and transport properties."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We exclude the possible presence of hydride anions, lling the contracted voids, for chemical reasons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Along any synthesis protocol yielding the title compound protons are essential constituents, and, moreover, applying an elevated oxygen pressure is an indispensable requirement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The pronouncedly basic and strongly reducing hydride ion cannot exist under such conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to back this explanation quantitatively, we per- formed a DFT based computational analysis on the density of states (DOS), electron densities and localizations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "DOS as well as the projections onto the atoms (PDOS) is shown in Fig. 7a."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the whole energy range, which is shied relative to the Fermi level (E F ¼ 0 eV), oxygen basis functions contribute to the DOS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Below À7 eV, the silver PDOS is low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Bands are at and can be associated with the B-O bonds in the B 4 O 10 8À unit."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The low contribution of boron to these bands points to the ionic char- acter of the B-O bonds."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The DOS between À7 eV and À3.2 eV is dominated by the 4d states of the silver atoms, however, it From À1.44 eV up to the Fermi level bands with higher dispersion are located."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The respective atomic contributions can be visualized by drawing isosurfaces of the electron density computed from these bands (Fig. 7b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These bands are delo- calized over the whole crystal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note, for clarity reasons, only a cut-out of the isosurface is shown in Fig. 7b."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The bands are lled and the system is not metallic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is a distinct band gap in most parts of the Brillouin zone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Only at k ¼ (1/2 1/2 1/6) it becomes as tiny as 15 meV (Fig. 7c)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The highest valence band and the lowest conduction band exhibit a parabolic dispersion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Signicant effects of spin-orbit coupling are not expected, as the Ag 4d-shell is practically lled and the 5d-orbitals are only affected indirectly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, the projected densities of states show the same character in both bands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The band gap at k ¼ (1/ 2 1/2 1/6) can be seen only in calculations with hybrid func- tionals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When using gradient corrected (GGA) functionals without fractional Hartree-Fock exchange the band gap is underestimated and vanishes, although still a minimum of the DOS can be seen at E F ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The projections of the DOS shown in Fig. 7a are based on a partitioning with respect to atomic basis functions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the linear expansion of the bands, a certain basis function may contribute to a state which is attributed to a neighboring atom, and an interpretation in terms of chemical bonding may not be unique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additional methods in position space give comple- mentary information."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The partitioning of space resulting from a topological analysis of the total electron density 24 gives atomic volumes and net charges, which are quite robust with respect to the choice of the basis set."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The values computed for Ag 16 B 4 O 10 are summarized in Table 2."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The volumes and charges at the various atomic positions are clearly related to the connectivity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ag3 and Ag4, which have a lower positive charge, have only one short distance <2.4Å to the neighboring oxygen, whereas Ag1 and Ag2 with a higher positive charge have two of them."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like- wise, the negative charge of the oxygen atoms varies, depending on whether they occupy a bridging or terminal position in the B 4 O 10 8À unit."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The high positive charge of the boron atom points to a substantially ionic character of the B-O bond."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further information on the bonding characteristics in posi- tion space can be obtained by the inspection of the electron localization function 27,28 (ELF), which can take values between 0 and 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "High ELF values h are related to atomic shells, covalent bonds and lone pairs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ELF in Ag 16 B 4 O 10 comprises three distinct features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At rst, there are nearly spherical domains around each silver atom, representing the lled 4d 10 shells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In Fig. 8, these domains are omitted for clarity reasons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The domains associated with the B 4 O 10 8À anion are repre- sented in Fig. 8a showing the lone pairs of the oxygen ions and one attractor respectively along each B-O bond."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The fact that the attractor is close to the oxygen atom is another hint to the polar character of this bond."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A special feature of the ELF, an attractor at h ¼ 0.23 appears in each tetrahedral void of the silver network."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Fig. 8b shows the domain with h ¼ 0.23 around one of them."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "h ¼ 0.23 is a rather low value, though it represents a clear maximum in the ELF."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Attractors with low ELF values may originate from the inuence of close-by lled d-shells, 36 nevertheless pointing to covalent interactions in the valence shell."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, the face of the tetrahedron closest to the attractor contains two of the shortest Ag-Ag bonds (<2.80Å) within the range from 2.78Å to 3.23Å of all Ag-Ag contacts (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "metallic silver 2.89Å)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Putting"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A new compound, Ag 16 B 4 O 10 , has been obtained as a coarse crystalline material via solid state synthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The shiny black crystallites are insensitive to humid air and start decomposing thermally at $623 K with silver metal and amorphous B 2 O 3 resulting in the nal solid residues, see Fig. S1.† The title compound can be prepared from various starting materials in the required molar ratios, as there are boron(III) oxide, boronic acid, silver oxide and nally elemental silver as an essential component, while adding varying amounts of water as a mineralizing agent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At rst glance it appears unintuitive that for the synthesis of such a considerably reduced material applying moderately elevated oxygen pressures of 2 Â 10 7 to 5 Â 10 7 Pa is an indispensable requirement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, running the experiments at ambient pressure results in the decomposition of silver oxide to the metal, while a too high oxygen pressure would end up in the formation of silver(I) borates."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "So, the synthesis of the title compound is a delicate balancing act, and even for the optimized synthesis conditions, given above in detail, one or the other synthesis run may fail in yielding single phase products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fig. 1 displays a Rietveld prole t of an X-ray powder diffractogram of a sample obtained using the optimized synthesis procedure; a three-phase renement has revealed that only traces of Ag (2.1%) and Ag 2 O (2.3%) are present."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The atomic parameters obtained are given in Table S4.†"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The constitution has been conrmed unambiguously by single crystal X-ray structure determination."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As illustrated in Fig. 2, the general structural organization of Ag 16 B 4 O 10 derives straight forwardly from a ccp pattern of elemental silver: out of every twenty silver atoms four adjacent ones are replaced by boron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since boron atoms are of considerably smaller size compared to silver, the substitution generates some empty space tolerating the insertion of oxygen atoms to form the polyoxoanion B 4 O 10 8À ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From this picture it is immediately obvious that the title compound ideally matches the notion of classifying crystal structures of extended inorganic solids rather based on the packing of the cations 31 than on that of anions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even beyond, it lends strong support to the further reaching concept according to which certain oxides may be regarded as alloys being stuffed with oxygen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "32,33 This particular structural interrelation is underpinned by Fig. 3 and 4, showing the crystal structure of the title compound along the view directions [001] and [121], respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are no conicts to declare."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4776__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A thorough systematic study of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) in fcc silver metal, the deficient vacant-type Ag16,4 structure, and the Ag16B4O10 title compound of the Chem."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sci., 2020, 11, 962 edge article leads to a further understanding of the sub-valent characteristics of silver in the silver borate compound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By visualizing the process in three consecutive steps, (fcc)eq-Ag / (fcc)ex-Ag / Ag16,4 / Ag16B4O10, the electron reduction of Ag atoms can be traced to be due to (i) the expansion (ex) of the host metallic array from its equilibrium (eq) geometry and (ii) the vacancy creation and subsequent insertion of guest borate clusters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our ELF analysis also allows us to identify to what extent metallic features remain in the title compound, providing an alternative explanation of why Ag16B4O10 is not a conductor whereas pure silver is."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As occurs with the chemical bond, the terms valence and oxidation state enclose elusive concepts that are very useful in everyday chemistry but it is difficult to establish a unique agreed definition for them [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These concepts lack both the possibility of being measured in the laboratory and a quantum-mechanical operator allowing their calculation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this context, sub-valent compounds tend to exhibit anomalous compositions and they are compounds where the bonding of one of the atoms involves fewer electrons than expected from the electron counting of its valence shell."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the solid state, sub-valence is associated with oxidation numbers lower than nominal values for any of the atomic constituents of the compound [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to a regular composition, one would expect silver atoms to participate in the electron counting of a chemical bonding network with one electron, that in its 5s valence shell."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Ag16B4O10 title compound of the edge article commented here [2], however, only 8 electrons are needed to account for the charge of the [B4O10]8− electron-precise supertetrahedral unit, which forces silver atoms in this compound to play a sub-valent role (only half electron from each Ag atom is required) to fulfill the observed chemical formula."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sub-valent behavior of silver is not exclusive to this compound (see for example earlier discussions in [3-5]) and has been extensively investigated by the corresponding author of the article commented here who identified the existence of local clustering of Ag atoms hosting electron pairs as a general “new bonding pattern” (see [2] and [6] and references therein)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this comment, we provide a consistent interpretation of the chemical bonding network of Ag16B4O10 that contains analogies but also qualitative and quantitative differences with respect to the discussion presented in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These differences are essential for the understanding of the structure and bonding in Ag16B4O10 and are far-reaching since they can be extended to other silver oxide crystals such as Ag7Pt2O7 [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The idea that metallic behavior is partially maintained in Ag16B4O10 is in part suggested in the discussion of [2], where it is pointed out that silver sub-valent oxides present Ag(I) sub-arrays resembling the structure of the pure fcc-silver metal."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, in our view, it was not explicitly applied to interpret the sub-valent nature of the title compound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To investigate the residual metallic bonding properties of Ag16B4O10, we propose to follow the electron counting associated with the metallic subarray from the pure silver metal to the borate compound."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bearing this idea in mind, we provide an alternative interpretation of the bonding network of Ag16B4O10 supported by a topological analysis of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) in (i) the Ag metal fcc structure, (ii) the Ag deficient fcc sub-array after removal of the [B4O10] units, and (iii) the Ag16B4O10 crystal structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By performing these topological analyses, we will be able to check whether metallic silver features are maintained or not in the title compound, and to what extent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our results clearly reveal that [B4O10]8− behaves as an independent anion in agreement with the analysis in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The equivalence of [B4O10]8− with the well-known P4O10 molecule was also justified resorting to the extended Zintl–Klemm concept in [7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, we found differences with respect to the interpretation of [2] in the peculiarities of the silver subarray."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To solve the electron-excess, electron pairs confined in four approximate tetrahedral voids of the Ag16 silver fcc-distorted unit cell are proposed in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although this proposal successfully explains the observed semiconducting behavior and the diamagnetic ordering of this compound, the limited analysis of ELF values at the attractor positions carried out in [2] is not enough to suggest that one electron pair is localized in each of these voids."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By combining VASP electronic structure calculations [8] within the DFT-GGA-PBE approach [9] with critic2 topological searches of critical points and basin electron density integrations [10], we perform an extensive ELF analysis in the Ag-related structures detailed in the three subsections below (see computational details in the ESI†)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although other methods such as ELI-D better describe the dynamic electronic correlation and could provide further insight into electron poor metal systems [11], ELF analysis reliably accounts for the valence description of inorganic materials and metals [12-14], and is simple and illustrative enough to analyze the bonding properties of the title compound."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are three main results in the ELF analysis of pure silver metal that are relevant to understand the structure of Ag16B4O10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first one concerns the localization of the ELF attractors associated with the valence electrons of fcc-silver at its room conditions equilibrium geometry (a = 4.146 Å)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two sets of valence attractors become apparent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first set corresponds to d-electrons located not further away than 1.0 Å from the Ag nuclear positions (small black balls in Fig. 1 (left)) with an ELF value of h = 0.27."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The large number of them is a typical consequence of the crystal environment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More interesting are s-valence attractors easily identified at the eight tetrahedral interstices (8c positions) of the fcc unit cell (yellow balls in Fig. 1 (left))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They appear around 1.84 Å away from the four neighbour Ag nuclei with h = 0.20."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Electron density integrations inside each of these tetrahedral voids result in 0.53e."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This yields a total of 4.24 electrons in the whole unit cell, a value that is consistent with the valence oxidation state (Nv_ox) of +1 for metallic silver, where Nv_ox is defined in this context considering the number of valence electrons hosted in the lattice interstices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This definition is different from the standard Nox definition which obviously yields a zero value for a pure metal."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second ELF feature is that the topology is qualitatively the same when we expand the fcc silver unit cell to the volume corresponding to that of the fcc distorted silver sub-lattice hosting the B4O10 cluster (a = 4.251 Å)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The relevant eight ELF attractors still appear at the tetrahedral positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, and in concordance with the generalized stress–redox correlation [15], the electron population inside the basins of the tetrahedral voids decreases at this expanded sub-lattice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is a consequence of the lower overlap between the electron density clouds of neighbouring atoms when their internuclear distance increases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fact, the electron density integration within the ELF tetrahedral-attractor basins estimates now 0.38e in each void."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, using these valence electrons as before to evaluate the valence oxidation state of silver, we obtain Nv_ox(Ag) = +0.76 for the expanded fcc-Ag lattice at the same volume of the Ag16B4O10 compound."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Under this perspective, the expanded fcc-Ag already behaves as sub-valent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we find that all the ELF attractors at the tetrahedral voids of the fcc-Ag structure (regardless of the unit cell parameter) belong to the same ELF domain."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This means that the ELF values at the maxima are linked through ELF first-order saddle points or basin interconnecting points (bips) forming a three dimensional (3D) chemical entity usually called a superbasin."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is the typical ELF picture of metals [12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The small difference between the ELF value at the attractor (att) and at the bip reflects a highly delocalized nature of the electrons in the 3D-superbasins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, hatt = 0.20 and 0.19, and hbip = 0.17 and 0.16 in the room conditions and in the expanded fcc-Ag structures, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The concept of ELF superbasins is not new and has been employed many times to describe the merging of ELF basins belonging to the same atom (see for example [13] and [14]) or belonging to different atoms [16, 17]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Being a key concept in our alternative interpretation, it is useful to realize that these superbasins constitute 3D channels in the real space that account for the electrical conductivity of metals, as first noted by Silvi and Gatti [12]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the fcc-Ag structure, the electrical circuit originating from the connection of the tetrahedral ELF attractors belonging to the valence superbasin is easily visualized in Fig. S1.†"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us now consider the Ag16,4 host structure with the same lattice parameters as in Ag16B4O10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ag–Ag nearest neighbour distances range from 2.76 Å to 3.23 Å, with an average value of 3.05 Å, pretty close to the Ag–Ag shortest distance of 3.01 Å in the expanded fcc-lattice."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Breaking the symmetry of the fcc structure by replacing with a vacancy 4 out of the 20 tetrahedral Ag4 units of the unit cell (Z = 4) makes tetrahedral attractors not equivalent any more."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Up to five different types of ELF attractors identified with different colors in Fig. 2 (left) are found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Among then, four have a multiplicity of 16, whereas the other (cyan) has a multiplicity of 4."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the symmetry breaking, there are particular ELF features in the defective silver-vacant structure that resemble the description obtained for the expanded fcc-lattice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, the ELF at the tetrahedral maxima keeps similar values around hatt = 0.20 and the average basin population (0.40e) is only a little bit higher that the 0.38e value found in the expanded pure metal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, basin electron populations oscillate now between 0.50e and 0.30e (see Table S1†)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This range of values illustrates how relevant is the position of the attractor relative to the vacancy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Vacancies not only break the symmetry of the structure but also interrupt the connectivity between attractors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The existence of vacancies reduces the number of available tetrahedral voids which are the only positions where ELF attractors tend to be located in these silver compounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observe that this reduction is not balanced by an overall increase of the basin electron populations (see Table S1†)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, a lower valence oxidation state of the Ag atoms is produced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Using the basin electron populations, the average valence oxidation state in the defective Ag-vacant structure was found to be Nv_ox(Ag) = +0.42."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These values evidence an increase of the sub-valent characteristics of the defective silver-vacant structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the Ag16B4O10 title compound, ELF analysis allows us to differentiate an ELF domain for the [B4O10]8− unit with equivalent results to those in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Attractors between B atoms and the bridge or terminal oxygens are detected, as well as lone pair superbasins containing up to three ELF maxima (see Fig. S2†), reinforcing the structural similarity to the (valence) isoelectronic P4O10 molecule previously emphasized in [2] and [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When the ELF map of the host silver subarray is examined, the same attractors at the tetrahedral voids as in [2] are found with ELF values around 0.25 (black balls of Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We found analogies only up to this point with the results of [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We understand that to be conclusive with respect to the chemical bonding and the structure of the new silver oxide compound, its bonding network should be compared with that of pure silver and the deficient silver structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As observed in Fig. 2 (right), only two types of attractors at tetrahedral voids (instead of one as in fcc Ag and five in Ag16,4) are identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The presence of borate clusters destroys and empties some of the basins at the tetrahedral voids close to the oxygen positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Oxygen atoms act as electron sinks of the otherwise populated basins in the defective silver-vacant structure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such an electron transfer to the oxygen atoms reflects an ionic interaction between the two fragments in the Ag16B4O10 compound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In particular, pink, orange, and green attractors with distances shorter than 2.75 Å to oxygen atoms are not seen in the silver borate compound, whereas only black and cyan attractors beyond 3 Å of any oxygen atom still are present in this compound."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Electron density integrations within each of the basins of these two attractors lead to 0.71e and 0.36e, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We notice that it is the Ag4 tetrahedra associated with the basins that are more populated where some Ag–Ag distances are especially shorter than those in pure silver metal."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, these values show that the number of electrons hosted in these tetrahedral voids is definitely lower than 2, questioning the presence of pairwise electrons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this way, the sub-valent nature of Ag16B4O10 might be considered to be inherited from the Ag16,4 host lattice since we obtain Nv_ox(Ag) = +0.40, almost coincident with the value found in the defective silver-vacant structure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Besides the quantitative picture provided by the electron density integration, the most interesting result of this third ELF analysis comes from the identification of different independent valence superbasins associated with the silver subarray of Ag16B4O10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These superbasins are equivalent and result from the bips connecting black–black (hbip ≈ 0.16) and black–cyan (hbip ≈ 0.19) attractors of values hatt ≈ 0.25 (black) and ≈ 0.23 (cyan)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The ELF profile displaying all the possible connections between black and cyan silver attractors is shown in Fig. S3†. Focusing just on one of these equivalent superbasins, we observe that all black attractors are connected with one cyan and two black attractors forming a 1D infinite coil-like chain of helical symmetry with ramifications ending at the cyan attractors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are four of these electrical circuits per unit cell hosting the electrons delocalized among the tetrahedral voids and running along the c axis of the crystal as shown in Fig. 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The existence of these unconnected superbasins is used below to explain the different behavior of pure silver metal and the borate compound with respect to metallicity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have seen that, in the fcc-silver metal, s-type ELF attractors only appear inside the tetrahedral voids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This fact is noted both in the defective and silver borate compounds, and points towards a general behaviour that could be used to explain other silver sub-valent compounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Tetrahedral attractors allow the formation of chemical entities called superbasins which identify regions where the metallic bonding properties are maintained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, in the pure fcc-silver metal a 3D superbasin is spread out along the whole crystal structure, whereas in the borate compound, it splits up into four independent 1D superbasins per unit cell resembling infinite circuits of helical symmetry along the c axis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since electron delocalization is an inherent property of superbasins reflected by the close ELF-values at the maxima and the bips, this striking result provides an alternative explanation of why the silver borate compound is a small band gap semiconductor whereas the silver metal is an electrical conductor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Macroscopically, we can understand that borate clusters play the role of crystal defects interrupting the electric conductivity along the three directions of the crystalline space."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The chemical entities associated with these superbasins allow us to discuss the sub-valent characteristics of silver-based compounds too."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the fcc unit cell of silver under room conditions, our ELF analysis and electron density integration lead to a single Ag4+ superbasin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, four equivalent Ag16,6.4+ entities appear in the unit cell of Ag16B4O10."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From these compositions, it is evident that the sub-valent characteristics of the silver (sub)array originated during the transition from the fcc-metal to the silver borate compound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If we ideally understand the transformation as a three step continuous process involving (i) the expansion of the fcc-structure, (ii) vacancy creation and (iii) borate cluster insertion, we can identify two mechanisms that are able to reduce Ag atoms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first one is associated with an increase of the lattice parameter."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Crystal expansions decrease the electron density inside the tetrahedral voids (and therefore in the superbasins) allowing transfer of the valence electrons to the atomic cores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Firstly, we obtained Nv_ox(Ag) = +1 and Nv_ox(Ag) = +0.76 when a = 4.146 Å and a = 4.251 Å, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Secondly, vacancy creation or cluster (borate) insertion disrupts the 3D superbasin connectivity, reducing the number of tetrahedral positions where silver electrons prefer to be accumulated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As there is no other mechanism to reduce Ag atoms, an almost identical Nv_ox(Ag) value is obtained for the defective (+0.42) and the borate (+0.40) silver compounds."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, we believe that these findings may throw light on the interesting experimental observations reported in [2] and might help to interpret the new chemistry exhibited by the silver oxides highlighted in [2] and references therein."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our results emphasize the decisive role that residual metallicity plays in the existence of sub-valent compounds and could represent a promising strategy to be applied to other sub-valent silver oxides showing singular behaviour like the recently published Ag7Pt2O7 compound [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Claimed ‘synergistic interactions among the filled 4d10-shells’ strengthening silver inter-cluster bonding [2] may be accounted for by means of the proposed metallic superbasins rather than localized electron pairs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Suggested silver-oxide dispersion interactions need other scalar fields such as reduced gradient density [18] or chemical pressure formalism [19] to reveal so-called non-covalent interactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__critique__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We are currently working in that direction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4776__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ag16B4O10 features an exotic scheme of chemical bonding and extends the growing family of subvalent silver oxides."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These findings constitute a new general and intrinsic facet of the chemistry of silver, which has not been fully understood, yet, and definitely deserves to be analysed from different perspectives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Against this background, we distinctly appreciate the efforts made by A. Lobato, Miguel Á. Salvadó, and J. Manuel Recio (LSR) in studying these phenomena at the example of the title compound [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While the computational results presented in the Comment article well comply with those published in our original paper [2], the interpretations follow different routes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whereas LSR focus on the analogy of pattern of the Electron Localization Function (ELF) in position space in the title compound with those found in elemental silver, we interpreted the electronic structure of Ag16B4O10, both in position and reciprocal space, also considering the interactions between cationic and anionic partial structures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In structuring our discussion, we qualitatively rank the contributions of the different types of chemical bonding to the total cohesion energy of the title compound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The markedly largest share results from conventional covalent and ionic bonding, followed by much weaker unconventional d10–d10 interactions [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The latter contribution is a crucial ingredient in the formation of the agglomerates of equally charged Ag+, which represent excisions of the ccp structure of elemental silver, even with respect to interatomic distances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These unique structural characteristics are evolving in silver-rich oxides already without presence of residual 5s electrons, i.e. in electron precise Ag+ compounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Still, in an early review [3], the expectation was expressed that these features may enable existence of subvalent species: “The substructures thereby formed have empty s and p conduction bands, which can easily accommodate further electrons on reduction”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0067__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This assumption has become true, as meanwhile several such subvalent silver oxides have been discovered [4–14], in addition to previously confirmed Ag2F and Ag3O [15,16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most puristic manifestations of bonding interactions between presumably closed shell d10 species are found in the distorted hcp structures of elemental zinc and cadmium."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, the set of commonly equal distances to the 12 nearest neighbours of an atom in an ideal hcp structure is conspicuously split into subsets of six substantially shorter in-plane and six longer out-of-plane separations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Density functional (DFT) calculations do not give an unequivocal picture of this anisotropy as the results strongly depend on the functionals used [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "By applying wavefunction based methods in the framework of the method of increments [18,19], the potential energy surface (PES) with respect to the lattice parameters was analysed [20,21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0068__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While the Hartree–Fock PES is overall repulsive, a structured PES consistent with the observed structures can only be obtained if the filled d-shells are included in the treatment of the dynamical electron correlation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Such calculations, which are computationally highly demanding, have not yet been carried out for subvalent silver compounds, and a quantitative explanation for the d10–d10 bonding in silver-rich compounds, which on its turn would be a crucial prerequisite for rationalizing existence of the subvalent silver oxides under discussion, is still elusive."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, this issue is not the central subject of the comment by LSR, which focuses on the localisation of the residual 5s electrons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their analysis, LSR follow a particular line of reasoning, spotting the evolution of the electron localisation function (ELF) starting from the fcc elemental silver, moving via the silver sub-array as excised from Ag16B4O10 to the integral compound."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results on the two structures consisting of silver alone are illustrative as such, and underline the merits of this approach for visualising and interpreting the bonding in metals and intermetallics in real space [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, except for confirming that the excess electrons preferably accumulate in the tetrahedral voids (the sites of highest positive potential), the worth of these findings in understanding the bonding in Ag16B4O10 is but limited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At least from the Ag–O bond lengths, which indicate presence of strong, regular bonds between the silver and borate fragment structures, it is obvious that it is not possible to separate these structural parts without causing severe perturbations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, the fragment silver structure cannot serve as a reliable reference for the same unit containing the embedded borate anion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this reason, we focus in our reply on the electronic properties of the entire configuration of Ag16B4O10."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The computational results obtained in both studies comply satisfactorily."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "LSR do not state if they encountered a gapped band structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our PBEsol-GGA-calculations [23] the gap is closed, although showing a minimum of the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Only by applying a hybrid functional [24], a gap is opened."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "According to our experience, however, this issue is not crucial for the evaluation of the ELF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Importantly, in both studies [1,2] the most populated ELF basins within the silver substructure are found at the same sites."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0072__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Yet, the exegeses of the computational results are appreciably divergent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One must keep in mind that the ELF is not an “observable” in terms of quantum chemistry, since there is no Hamiltonian which operating at an appropriate wave function would reproduce such features, and correspondingly there is no experimental tool available that would allow to directly validate such results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ELF does not prove the existence of electron pairs, bonds, or lone pairs. But there is a strong and appealing analogy between ELF attractors and basins, and classical Lewis structures, enabling to interpret the 3D-ELF in terms of a conceptual view of bonding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The analogy gets weaker in intermetallic compounds or in compounds including transition elements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Especially with late transition elements (like Ag) the values of the valence-(s,p)-attractors are much lower than the values of the d-attractors, see analysis by Kohout, Wagner and Grin [25]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0073__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Clearly, interpretation of ELF features falls within the scope of chemical concepts [26]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our attempt to rationalise the at first glance puzzling experimental observations of an electron imprecise extended oxide to show semiconducting and diamagnetic responses, we assume that the eight excess electrons per formula unit will localise pairwise with opposite spin orientation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In consent with LSR, we regard the (B4O10)8− anion as electron precise, consequently the excess electrons would be hosted by the silver partial structure classifying this compound as subvalent with respect to silver."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For identifying possible localisations of such electron pairs, we inspected the silver part of the structure for short Ag–Ag separations, which might indicate presence of e.g. 2c–2e bonds, and performed band structure calculations along with an ELF analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a result, we identified contracted tetrahedral subunits where 3 out of 6 Ag–Ag contacts along the edges of the tetrahedron are significantly shortened and were the ELF shows the highest value not associated to conventional bonds or lone pairs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Quite satisfactorily, the number of such building blocks per unit cell exactly corresponds to the number of electron pairs to be accommodated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Being aware that a partition of space, be it for structuring the electron density distribution or the ELF of a chemical entity, always suffers from arbitrariness, even if performed by applying a formal algorithm, we did not claim that the ELF contour drawn within the tetrahedra would comprise a complete pair of electrons with anti-parallel spins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With this respect LSR misinterpreted our statement that the excess electron pairs were related to the contracted Ag4 units."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "LSR go beyond our interpretation by considering regions with lower ELF values, which indicate that the maxima are linked through ELF first-order saddle points or basin interconnecting points (bips) bringing about extended chemical entities, i.e. superbasins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At this point, we are discussing the spatial extension of the localized electron pair."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, there is no means of reliably validating which of the two views, assuming extended, metallic super basins or more localised electron pairs, would rather be appropriate in interpreting the bonding situation encountered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact, we do not consider the extension of the localized electron pair as being pivotal to the physical properties and the stability of Ag16B4O10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The analysis of the electronic structure in reciprocal space shows that bands with notable Ag-s-character are found far apart from the Fermi level at −6 eV. Just below the Fermi level, the band structure as given in Fig 7 of ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "2 shows a low DOS in a range of 1.4 eV. This is due to some bands with high dispersion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The electron density of these bands is mapped in Fig. 7b of ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "2, illustrating the linear combination of Ag-d-orbitals and oxygen lone-pairs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0078__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This can be understood as a continuation of d10–d10 interactions in the silver partial structure to the lone-pairs of the B4O10 8− anion via dispersion interaction, stabilizing the whole structure and leading to the semiconducting behaviour of the compound."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the chemistry perspective of trying to define a generalizable “concept” for this particular type of bonding, one would compare with analogous compounds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Fig. 1 we present the silver sub-structure of Ag5GeO4 (ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "10 and 11) as an example, giving appreciable support to a situation of local bonding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here again, the number of contracted polyhedra (octahedral Ag6 units) corresponds to the number of electron pairs to be accommodated, further the silver clusters and are not aggregated which rules out significant delocalisation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Manifestations of subvalent silver in extended solids can no longer be regarded as exotic singularities since in recent years a sizeable number of oxides displaying such characteristics have been reported [4–16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From the empirical point of view there are two particularly noteworthy issues: (1) subvalent silver has been encountered in combination with quite diverse cations, e.g. B, Si, Ge, Pb, Ni, Mn, Os or Pt, apparently without any systematic showing up, which nourishes the expectation that many more such candidates will be accessible; (2) opposite to common presumption, these oxides are strikingly stable in humid air and in particular against oxidising conditions, they even form by solid–state reactions applying elevated oxygen pressure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In a heuristic approach, one may separate the total of specific bonding interactions responsible for the phenomena featured in conventional covalent and ionic contributions, and dispersive d10–d10 forces, superimposed by additional bonding provided by the excess electrons populating bonding 5s bands or local 5s/5p skeleton orbitals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While the first two contributions appear to be sufficient for forming the extended subarrays of Ag+, providing low lying, empty 5s states [3], suited to accommodate excess electrons, the third component is subordinate and just gently modulates the silver substructures as indicated by global or local contractions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The low bonding energy of the latter explains the wide phenomenological spread with respect to structure modulations and properties encountered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, one finds extended silver subarrays e.g. of Ag0.5+ in Ag2NiO2 [6,13,14] or Ag2F [15], or locally shrank tetrahedral or octahedral units embedded in the silver substructure [2,9–12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0080__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Correspondingly, metallic and semi-conducting conduction properties, respectively, have been found."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4776", "paragraph_id": "triad_4776__response__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The novel bonding motif is reminiscent of charge density waves in solid materials as all intermediate stages between delocalized to localized excess electrons would be covered."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, for the localized scenario there appears to be a closer analogy to the “Polyhedral Skeletal Electron Pair Theory” describing the bonding in the so-called Wade–Mingos molecular clusters [27,28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4776__response__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this sense the excess electron pair would occupy the lowest bonding skeleton MO of the embedded silver clusters."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4776/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2991687374_W3204349134_W3202131448", "triad_name": "triad_4776", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4776__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mac Giolla and Ly begin by \"warning against an over-reliance on cut-offs\" (p. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A cut-off is the level of evidence that a researcher considers sufficient to conclude that their data supports either hypothesis, or that the data is inconclusive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although Mac Giolla and Ly suggest that cut-offs \"encourage categorical rather than continuous thinking\" (p. 2), we believe it is possible to interpret Bayes factors as a continuous measure while simultaneously acknowledging whether the Bayes factor meets a pre-specified threshold of evidence to enable a categorical interpretation; for example, to state whether an intervention was successful or not, or that the evidence was inconclusive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This judgment will influence subsequent behaviours, such as whether they encourage or discourage uptake of the intervention when disseminating their results."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, although the use of cut-offs should not prevent the interpretation of the Bayes factor as a continuous measure, cut-offs can nonetheless guide the researcher's decision-making process."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our purpose is not to discuss where the minimum cut-off should be set, which is a matter of ongoing debate in psychology (e.g. (Aczel et al., 2018; Benjamin et al., 2018; for an argument against cut-offs, see Morey, 2015)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instead, we urge researchers to clearly specify when they are using cut-offs, and what those cut-offs are."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We believe that Warmelink et al. ( 2019) provide a reasonable and not over-reliant model of how cut-offs can be used: (I) introduce the Bayes factor as a continuous measure, (II) specify their interpretation of the Bayes factor cut-offs, (III) use labels that indicate the increasing strength of evidence, and (IV) always report the exact Bayes factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Violating these guidelines might suggest an over- reliance on cut-offs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The term \"nominal support\" in Mac Giolla and Ly's commentary is not part of the standard Bayesian vernacular (see Box 1 for a short glossary), but appears to be equivalent to interpreting posterior odds."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to suggest three things that deception researchers should consider before reporting posterior odds."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1) If posterior odds are reported, they should be reported alongside Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Van Ravenzwaaij and Wagenmakers (2019) recently argued that, as the posterior odds are the product of the Bayes factor and the prior odds, both should be reported and justified alongside posterior odds."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2) Mac Giolla and Ly suggest that the use of cut-offs is problematic for Bayes factors, and they then offer posterior odds as an alternative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Readers might assume that posterior odds therefore avoid the use of cut-offs in a manner that Bayes factors do not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, this will again not be the case for researchers who either desire to or are required to categorically interpret their results."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Again, the use of such thresholds to interpret either Bayes factors or posterior odds does not diminish their value as continuous measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Researchers can correctly interpret a Bayes factor as a continuous measure and acknowledge whether it met a pre-specified minimum threshold of evidence in order to draw certain categorical conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The use of such thresholds can help with identifying the required sample size and limit researcher flexibility when interpreting results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3) Further guidance is required on how deception researchers can specify scientifically- informed prior odds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mac Giolla and Ly specify 8% \"for the sake of argument\", but not all experimental hypotheses are equally (im)plausible, and the degree of scepticism will differ between researchers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Meanwhile, reporting the Bayes factor allows readers to calculate their own posterior odds based on their prior odds."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mac Giolla & Ly encourage deception researchers to make their studies more informative by reporting the posterior distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A distinction exists in statistical inference between estimation (e.g. using posterior distributions) and hypothesis testing (e.g. using Bayes factors) (see Dienes, 2020)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To calculate posterior distributions, researchers use vague \"default\" prior models, which allow the posterior distribution to be primarily determined by the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, vague prior models are not very useful for testing theories, as it is unlikely that the vague prior model represents a scientific theory of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast, Warmelink et al. ( 2019) used prior models that represented their scientific theory (i.e., the prior model is a 'model of H1', see Dienes, 2019, box 4) to calculate informed Bayes factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Researchers should exercise caution before automatically calculating posterior distributions using the model of H1 used to calculate informed Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consider the Bayes factor reported on p. 7 of Warmelink et al (2019): BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The model of H1 was specified using a half-normal distribution (indicated by the subscript H in the notation and the solid black line in Figure 1A and 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The half-normal distribution represents several aspects of the theory: (I) only effects in one direction are considered plausible, these are represented as positive in the analysis, (II) smaller effect sizes are considered more plausible than larger effect sizes, and (III) effect sizes up to twice the approximate scale-of-effect are considered plausible (the approximate scale-of-effect was 7.05, based on the results of Warmelink, 2012)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To see why caution should be exercised before calculating a posterior distribution, consider Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The red dotted line in Panel A shows the actual posterior distribution for the data in this example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There is nothing particularly disconcerting about Panel A - the most plausible effect sizes according to the posterior distribution lie midway between the most plausible effect sizes according to the model of H1 (i.e., those close to zero), and the most plausible effect sizes according to the data (i.e., those close to the observed mean difference of 9.41)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now consider Panel B. The red dotted line in Panel B shows the posterior distribution assuming that Warmelink et al. ( 2019) had observed the same magnitude of effect, but in the opposite direction predicted by theory."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The posterior distribution is clearly not an accurate estimation of effect sizes in light of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The model of H1 assigned zero plausibility to results in the opposite direction to the prediction and consequently so does the posterior distribution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In sum, posterior distributions can be informative for estimation purposes when a vague prior model has been used, but researchers should exercise caution before automatically calculating posterior distributions when reporting informed Bayes factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section we provide two further suggestions that we believe will improve the reporting of Bayesian analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In line with Jeffrey's platitude that \"the answer should depend on the question\", the result of the Bayes factor depends on the specified models of H1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "APA guidelines state that one should therefore report how sensitive the inference is to the specification of the model of Figure 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Both panels present the model of H1 used by Warmelink et al (solid black line), the model of the data (dotted black line) and the posterior distribution (dashed red line)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Panel A shows the actual results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Panel B shows the posterior distribution for counterfactual data with the same effect size, but in the opposite direction to what was predicted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "H1 whenever reporting Bayes factors (Appelbaum et al., 2018, p. 20) 1 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can be done by reporting robustness regions alongside Bayes factors (for examples see Lakens et al., 2020; Lin, et al., in press)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Robustness regions communicate the extent to which the inference drawn from a Bayes factor is dependent on the model of H1 used to calculate the Bayes factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If all plausible effect sizes that could be used to model H1 fall within the robustness region, the inference is robust; if plausible effect sizes that could be used to model H1 fall outside the robustness region, the inference is not robust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Robustness regions are reported as RR[LL, UL] where LL corresponds to the smallest scale-of-effect and UL corresponds to the largest scale-of-effect that draw the same conclusion as the model of H1 used to calculate the Bayes factor assuming the specified minimum cut-off for evidence is constant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consider again the Bayes factor discussed above: BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Warmelink et al. ( 2019) concluded that they had obtained moderate evidence for an effect, when specifying their model of H1 with a scale-of-effect of 7.05 and a minimum cut-off of B = 3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To create robustness regions, we calculated a series of Bayes factors, each time manipulating the scale-of-effect to identify the smallest and largest scale-of-effect that still produces B > 3 (see DeBruine and Dienes, 2020, for R code that calculates Robustness Regions non-iteratively)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this case, the robustness region is RR[4.44, 15.74]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whether this can be considered robust or not depends on the scientific context."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If effects outside the robustness region are scientifically plausible, the inference is not robust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the robustness regions are judged to cover all theoretically plausible effect sizes, the inference is robust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In this example, we conclude that the results are not robust."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Many deception researchers may argue that an effect smaller than 4.44 details would be too small to be of interest."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, an effect larger than 15.74 can be considered plausible and interesting (e.g. Vrij et al., 2018, report a mean difference of 29 details between two interviewing conditions) 2 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Mac Giolla and Ly highlight, 19 of the 22 Bayes factors reported by Warmelink et al. ( 2019) were inconclusive."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we provide a simple method (with corresponding R script available at https://osf.io/34nb6/, based on original by Palfi & Dienes, 2019) that researchers can adopt to estimate the number of participants required in order to obtain a pre-specified level of evidence (originally outlined by Dienes, 2015)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As sample size increases, and the standard error reduces towards zero, Bayes factors are better able to distinguish between evidence for two competing hypotheses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The process requires one to (i) estimate an approximate scale-of-effect if H1 were true (for a tutorial on how to estimate what your theory predicts, see Dienes, 2019), (ii) estimate the standard error for a given sample size (e.g., the standard error from a past study), and (iii) specify a minimum level of evidence one wishes to obtain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The R script then simulates the standard error in light of increasing sample size, and calculates Bayes factors for each sample size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It does this assuming the evidence supports H1 and H0 separately."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The script also outputs a graph to show the Bayes factor for H0 and H1 at each tested sample size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 2 shows the graph created assuming a researcher wanted to replicate the result from Warmelink et al. ( 2019), BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64, with a minimum cut-off of 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this case, a replication would require 130 participants to obtain a Bayes factor of 3 in favour of H1 assuming the study supported H1, or 328 participants to obtain a Bayes factor of 3 in favour of H0 assuming the study supported H0 3 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is common that more participants are required to obtain evidence for the 2 To interpret robustness regions, it can be useful to consider the smallest effect of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Dienes (2020) provides guidelines on how to do so."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If one is uncertain whether a finding is robust, however, one can continue to collect data until the robustness region extends below any plausible smallest effect size of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "3 Assumptions include that the effect size and sample error obtained by Warmelink et al (2019) are accurate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "point-null hypothesis than for the alternative hypothesis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0023__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In this example, to ensure enough participants are recruited that the study could obtain sufficient evidence for either hypothesis, a replication study should look to recruit at least 328 participants."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We whole-heartedly agree with Mac Giolla and Ly when they encourage researchers to design more informative studies and we are grateful for their commentary that sought to educate deception researchers on matters of reporting and interpreting Bayesian analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we have sought to add a number of clarifications, and also specified two additional ways that the Bayesian analyses in Warmelink et al. ( 2019) could have been more informative."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If researchers adopt these recommendations, we believe they will be better able to assess the evidence provided by their research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is potential for confusion between the different uses of the word prior and posterior in Bayesian analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we provide an overview."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prior odds specify the relative degree of conviction a researcher has in two theories."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If a person believes each hypothesis is equally plausible, that person has prior odds of P(H1) / P(H0) = .50/.50 = 1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Prior odds are updated by the level of evidence in the data (i.e., the Bayes factor) to derive the posterior odds: Prior odds x Bayes factor = Posterior odds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The posterior odds specify the relative degree of conviction a researcher has in two hypotheses following data collection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A prior model is a probability distribution that shows the plausibility of different population effect sizes (x-axis = possible effect sizes, y-axis = plausibility, see Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Warmelink et al (2019) used informed Bayes factors, meaning that the prior model was specified to represent the theory being tested (Dienes, 2019, Box 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their prior models were created by specifying the approximate effect size (i.e., the \"scale-of-effect\") that is plausible if the theory is correct."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Prior models can be updated with the model of the data to create the posterior distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The posterior distribution demonstrates the plausibility of population effect sizes following data collection assuming the hypothesis is true."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Note that \"distribution\" and \"model\" are used interchangeably."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to avoid confusion, we adopt Dienes's (2020) vernacular, referring to the prior model as the \"model of H1\", to reflect the fact that the prior model represents predictions made by the theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3933__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bayes factors quantify the evidence in support of the null (absence of an effect) or the alternative hypothesis (presence of an effect)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on commonly used cut-offs, Bayes factors between 1/3 and 3 are interpreted as evidentially weak, and one typically concludes there is an absence of evidence."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this commentary on Warmelink, Subramanian, Tkacheva, and McLatchie (2019) [1], we discuss how a Bayesian report can be made more informative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Firstly, this implies a departure from the labels provided by commonly used cut-offs when reporting Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Instead, we encourage researchers to report the value of the Bayes factors, or to convert these values into nominal support for the hypotheses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Secondly, researchers can provide recommendations to design follow-up studies by examining the posterior distribution of the magnitude of the effect size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Lastly, we show how individual Bayes factors can be evaluated in the context of large-scale meta-analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A crucial distinction when interpreting the results of a study is the difference between the absence of an effect from the absence of evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This distinction is typically ignored within frequentist statistics, where ‘non-significant’ p values (p > .05) are incorrectly interpreted as an absence of an effect [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this reason alone, Warmelink, Subramanian, Tkacheva, and McLatchie (2019) [1] should be commended for reporting Bayes factors, which can quantify the evidence for the alternative (presence of an effect) over the null hypothesis (absence of an effect), and vice versa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For instance, a Bayes factor BF10 = 8 implies that the observations are eight times more likely under the hypothesis that the effect is present than under the hypothesis that the effect is absent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, BF10 = 0.125 (equivalently, BF01 = 1/BF10 = 8) implies that the data are 8 times more likely under the null compared to the alternative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To aid interpretation, cut-offs (e.g., Jeffreys, 1961) [3] for Bayes factors have been proposed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These cut-offs suggest that Bayes factors between 1 and 3 (1/3 and 1) provide only weak evidence for the alternative hypothesis relative to the null hypothesis (or for the null hypothesis relative to the alternative; e.g., Jarosz & Wiley, 2014) [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, when confronted with evidentially weak Bayes factors, the common conclusion is that there is an absence of evidence [5], and the results are perceived as inconclusive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reporting of Bayes factors is still quite novel within deception research, though it appears to be gaining popularity [6][7]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We believe this is a good thing, but it does bring with it new challenges for reviewers and editors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Using Warmelink, Subramanian, Tkacheva, and McLatchie (2019) [1] as a concrete example, we elaborate on the continuous nature of Bayes factors and how to interpret them."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We begin by warning against an over-reliance on cut-offs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Next, we give some suggestions on how to make a Bayesian report more informative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Risk of cut-offs and reporting alternatives\nAs noted above, cut-offs have been suggested to aid the interpretation of Bayes factors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These cut-offs, however, should be used with caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Let us take the results of Warmelink et al. ( 2019) [1] as a concrete example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In total, they report 22 Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nineteen of these are between 1/3 and 3, and, therefore, evidentially weak according to the cut-offs they themselves adopt."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The remaining three analyses resulted in Bayes factors of BF10 = 3.58, BF10 = 3.64, and in the opposite direction BF01 = 4.76, which were interpreted to provide ‘moderate’ evidence."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This interpretation highlights the main risk of cut-offs: They encourage categorical rather than continuous thinking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Yes, a Bayes factor of 3.58 provides more evidence than a Bayes factor of 2.8, but to say that one provides moderate evidence, whereas the other provides weak or inconclusive evidence, seems somewhat misguided [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The boundaries between the categories further fade away, when we convert a Bayes factor into posterior model probabilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A Bayes factor only measures the strength of the relative evidence provided by the data, whereas the posterior model probabilities quantify the nominal support for the hypotheses after data observation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To calculate the posterior model probabilities, we combine the prior plausibility of the hypotheses with the Bayes factor using the following formula:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "P(H1|data) = (BF10 * P(H1)) / (BF10 * P(H1) + P(H0))\nP(H0|data) = 1 - P(H1|data)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For instance, if the plausibility of the presence and the absence of an effect are equal before data observation, then we set P(H1) = 0.5 and P(H0) = 0.5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Observations leading to a Bayes factor of BF10 = 3.58 then yield a nominal support of 78%, P(H1|data) = 3.58 * 0.5/(3.58 * 0.5 + 0.5), for the hypothesis that there is an effect, leaving a posterior probability of 22%, P(H0|data) = 1 - 0.78, for the hypothesis that the effect is absent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These probabilities can in turn be visualized using a simple pie chart known as a pizza plot [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now look at Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dark portion of the pie chart corresponds to the 78% in support of H1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Imagine that this chart was on the table in front of you."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "You close your eyes, spin the chart, and at random place your finger down."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Now open your eyes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "How surprised would you be to find your finger on the white portion of the pie chart? Your degree of surprise is an intuitive measure of the strength of the nominal support for H1 [8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our guess is you would not be that surprised – there was after all a 22% probability of your finger landing on the white portion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similar computations show that the ‘evidentially weak’ Bayes factor of 2.8 would lead to a posterior probability of 74% in support of H1 and 26% for H0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In terms of nominal support for the hypothesis, the distinction between ‘evidentially weak’ and ‘moderate’ Bayes factors in this example is negligible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence, the categorizations are not that informative, and we strongly encourage researchers to discuss their results using the value of the Bayes factors or the posterior probabilities for each hypothesis instead."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Again, we can use Warmelink et al. ( 2019) [1] as a concrete example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their discussion, they conclude that Hypothesis 2 was partly supported and that Hypothesis 3 was not supported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We worry that such language exaggerates the strength of evidence of the data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Ultimately, researchers should be fair to the uncertainty implied by the Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This uncertainty is lost when we focus on labels such as ‘weak’ and ‘moderate’, and when the relative evidence is not converted to nominal support."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, simply reporting that results are uncertain will likely leave many reviewers and readers wanting."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We see at least two options to help researchers provide more informative Bayesian reports: first, by focusing on the posterior distribution of the effect size and second, by relating Bayes factors to the broader research field by discussing prior model probabilities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We will discuss each approach in turn."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Beyond Bayes factors: Examining the posterior distribution of the effect sizes\nA Bayesian report can be made more informative by studying the posterior distribution of the effect size parameter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can provide us with an estimate of the magnitude of the effect, given that it exists, or provide us with information on how to design a follow-up study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For instance, say we conduct a large sampled between-group study (N = 1,000) and find a standardized between-groups difference (Cohen’s d) = 0.1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With a default Bayesian t-test, this would produce a Bayes factor around 1.5 in support of the null hypothesis, that there is no difference between the two groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although this result helps little in determining whether the null or alternative is true, by examining the posterior distribution of the parameter, and the associated credible interval (the Bayesian equivalent to the frequentist confidence interval), one can still learn something from the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Specifically, that if there is an experimental effect, it is likely to be very small indeed (for a pedagogical online tool to visual this point see https://rpsychologist.com/d3/bayes/)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Such a conclusion is considerably more valuable than what one can glean by solely focusing on the Bayes factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0043__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Furthermore, with the estimate of the effect in hand, one can then efficiently plan follow-up studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The potential role of prior model probabilities\nAnother way to move beyond a simple reporting of Bayes factors is to use more informed prior model probabilities when calculating the nominal support for hypotheses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In order to calculate the nominal support for hypotheses, some form of prior model probabilities must be specified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Above, for lack of better choice, we had equal prior model probabilities: P(H0) = 0.5 and P(H1) = 0.5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That is, before looking at the data, H0 and H1 were seen as equally likely."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "More informed prior model probabilities can be derived from large-scale field-wide meta-analyses, or better still can be agreed upon by the research community."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In particular, if one has reason to be sceptical for the presence of an effect, the prior model probabilities can be weighted in favour of H0, thereby correcting for false positives."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the context of deception detection, we have strong reason to be highly sceptical to most cues to deceit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It seems that the research on deception cues, prior to 2003, is compatible with a world in which there are no reliable cues to deceit at all [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hence, in the best case, Luke’s findings suggest that only a small fraction of deception studies lead to the detection of an actual effect – a genuine cue to deception."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the sake of argument, let us say that only 8% of the published articles report an actual deception cue, leaving 92% of the published articles reporting a false-positive finding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, P(H1) = 0.08 and P(H0) = 0.92."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This interpretation of Luke’s finding can now be used as a context to evaluate the moderate BF10 = 3.58 as reported in Warmelink et al. ( 2019) [1] using the Equation (1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A direct calculation shows that the nominal support for H1 of 8% is then increased to 24%, P(H1|data) = 3.58 * 0.08/(0.92 + 3.58 * 0.08), which leaves a posterior probability of 76% in support for H0."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, there is indeed relative evidence for H1, because the Bayes factor is larger than 1, but based on the posterior model probabilities we cannot conclude that there is more nominal support for H1 than H0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In other words, the relative evidence of BF10 = 3.58 is not enough to overcome the initial scepticism brought about by Luke’s findings."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By changing P(H0) = 0.5 and P(H1) = 0.5 to the more stringent P(H0) = 0.92 and P(H1) = 0.08, we now require BF10 to be larger than 11.5 (=0.92/0.08) before the posterior model probability for H1 exceeds that of H0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In other words, we changed the threshold of preference – the strength of the evidence needs to be at least 11.5 before we begin to consider a found deception cue feasible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, we now need a Bayes factor of 40.77, which can be verified using Equation (1), before we get nominal support of P(H1|data) = 0.78."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our aim here was to demonstrate how prior model probabilities can let us draw important conclusions about the hypotheses and thereby provide more informative results than simply reporting Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We wish to stress however that our suggested base rate of 8% for H1 is only meant for illustrative purposes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This matter should be discussed at the level of the research community."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Concluding remarks\nWe provided some suggestions on how to make a Bayesian report more informative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, we warn against an over-reliance on the standard Bayes factor cut-offs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instead, we encourage researchers to report the value of the Bayes factors or convert it to the nominal support for the hypotheses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Secondly, we encourage researchers to go beyond a simple reporting of Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This can be achieved, for example, by studying the posterior distribution of the effect size or by evaluating Bayes factors in the context of a large-scale meta-analysis using Equation (1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ultimately, however, there is no quick fix for making studies more informative after the fact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Greater care must be taken before data collection to increase the chances of producing compelling results (for guidelines see Schönbrodt & Wagenmakers, 2018 [10] and see Ly et al., 2019 [11], on how to quantify replicability)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Luke (2019) [9] brought the consequences of ignoring this advice to light."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It seems that the extant research on deception cues, prior to 2003, is compatible with a world in which there are no reliable cues to deceit at all."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Individual small-sample studies, whose effects may well be nothing more than sampling variation, were over-interpreted, published, and, in worst case scenarios, used for policy recommendations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It took some 60 years for this issue to come to light in DePaulo et al. ’s (2003) meta-analysis [12]. And almost another 20 for us to understand the true consequences of this practice in Luke’s re-analysis of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One can rightly wonder how much quicker we would have come to this conclusion if studies from the outset had been designed to provide more informative and compelling results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since DePaulo et al. ’s meta-analysis, deception researchers’ focus on traditional cues to deceit has waned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instead, there is a new focus on interviewers actively eliciting cues to deceit, (Vrij & Granhag, 2012) [13], of which Warmelink et al. ( 2019) [1] is one example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather than passively observing truth tellers and liars, these methods consist of asking questions in a strategic manner in order to increase differences in the statements or behaviours between these groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This new approach may be a genuine path to a viable method of deception detection, or it may be another dead end. If we do not start designing our studies to produce more informative results, we may need to wait another 80 years to find out."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Acknowledgements\nWe would like to thank Timothy J. Luke and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conflicts of interest\nAll authors declare no conflict of interest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3933__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Bayes factors provide a continuous measure of evidence for one hypothesis (e.g., the null, H0) relative to another (e.g., the alternative, H1) [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Warmelink et al. ( 2019) reported Bayes factors alongside p-values to draw inferences about whether the order of expected versus unexpected questions influenced the amount of details interviewees provided during an interview [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mac Giolla & Ly (2019) provided several recommendations to improve the reporting of Bayesian analyses and used Warmelink et al. ( 2019) as a concrete example [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These included (I) not to over-rely on cut-offs when interpreting Bayes factors; (II) to rely less on Bayes factors, and switch to ‘nominal support’; and (III) to report the posterior distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This paper elaborates on their recommendations and provides two further suggestions for improvement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "First, we recommend deception researchers report Robustness Regions to demonstrate the sensitivity of their conclusions to the model of H1 used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Second, we demonstrate a method that deception researchers can use to estimate, a priori, the sample size likely to be required to provide conclusive evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Mac Giolla and Ly’s (2019) commentary on Warmelink, Subramanian, Tkacheva, and McLatchie (2019) discussed how deception researchers could improve their use and reporting of Bayes factors, which quantify relative evidence for competing hypotheses [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Mac Giolla and Ly’s advice included: 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Not to over-rely on cut-offs when interpreting Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "To report alternatives to Bayes factors, including ‘nominal support’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "3. To report the posterior distribution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "We broadly agree, but in the first part of our reply we add a number of clarifications that we believe deception researchers should consider before following these suggestions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "We also add two further suggestions: 1. Report Robustness Regions to demonstrate the sensitivity of conclusions to the different models of H1 that could be used to calculate Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "2. Design informative studies by estimating the sample size required to obtain a minimum level of evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0056__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In this section, we comment on the three suggestions made by Mac Giolla and Ly (2019) on the reporting of Bayesian analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3933__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Do not over-rely on cut-offs Mac Giolla and Ly begin by ‘warning against an over-reliance on cut-offs’ (p. 2) [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A cut-off is the level of evidence that a researcher considers sufficient to conclude that their data support either hypothesis, or that the data are inconclusive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although Mac Giolla and Ly suggest that cut-offs ‘encourage categorical rather than continuous thinking’ (p. 2), we believe it is possible to interpret Bayes factors as a continuous measure while simultaneously acknowledging whether the Bayes factor meets a pre-specified threshold of evidence to enable a categorical interpretation; for example, to state whether an intervention was successful or not, or whether the evidence was inconclusive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This judgement will influence subsequent behaviours, such as whether the researchers encourage or discourage uptake of the intervention when disseminating the results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, although the use of cut-offs should not prevent the interpretation of the Bayes factor as a continuous measure, cut-offs can nonetheless guide the researcher’s decision-making process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our purpose is not to discuss where the minimum cut-off should be set, which is a matter of ongoing debate in psychology (e.g., Aczel et al., 2018; Benjamin et al., 2018; for an argument against cut-offs, see Morey, 2015) [4][5][6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Instead, we urge researchers to clearly specify when they are using cut-offs, and what those cut-offs are."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We believe that Warmelink et al. ( 2019) provide a reasonable and not over-reliant model of how cut-offs can be used: (I) introduce the Bayes factor as a continuous measure, (II) specify the interpretation of the Bayes factor cut-offs, (III) use labels that indicate the increasing strength of evidence, and (IV) always report the exact Bayes factor [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0057__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Violating these guidelines might suggest an over-reliance on cut-offs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3933__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 30, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 30, 30], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Researchers should report ‘nominal support’ (posterior odds) The term ‘nominal support’ in Mac Giolla and Ly’s commentary is not part of the standard Bayesian vernacular (see Box 1 for a short glossary), but appears to be equivalent to interpreting posterior odds [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to suggest three things that deception researchers should consider before reporting posterior odds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1. If posterior odds are reported, they should be reported alongside Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Van Ravenzwaaij and Wagenmakers (2019) recently argued that, as the posterior odds are the product of the Bayes factor and the prior odds, both should be reported and justified alongside posterior odds [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "2. Mac Giolla and Ly suggest that the use of cut-offs is problematic for Bayes factors, and they then offer posterior odds as an alternative [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, readers might assume that posterior odds avoid the use of cut-offs in a manner that Bayes factors do not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, both posterior odds and Bayes factors can be interpreted using cut-offs by researchers who either want to or are required to categorically interpret their results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Again, the use of such cut-offs to interpret either Bayes factors or posterior odds does not diminish their value as continuous measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Researchers can correctly interpret a Bayes factor or posterior odds as a continuous measure and acknowledge whether it met a pre-specified minimum threshold of evidence in order to draw certain categorical conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The use of such thresholds can help with identifying the required sample size and limit researcher flexibility when interpreting results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Further guidance is required on how deception researchers can specify scientifically informed prior odds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Mac Giolla and Ly specify 8% ‘for the sake of argument’, but not all experimental hypotheses are equally (im)plausible, and the degree of scepticism will differ between researchers [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Meanwhile, reporting the Bayes factor allows readers to calculate their own posterior odds based on their own prior odds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Report the posterior distribution Mac Giolla & Ly encourage deception researchers to make their studies more informative by reporting the posterior distribution [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "A distinction exists in statistical inference between estimation (e.g., using posterior distributions) and hypothesis testing (e.g., using Bayes factors) (see Dienes, 2020) [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "To calculate posterior distributions, researchers use vague ‘default’ prior models, which allow the posterior distribution to be primarily determined by the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "However, vague prior models are not very useful for testing theories, as the vague prior model might not represent the scientific theory of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "In contrast, Warmelink et al. ( 2019) used prior models that represented their scientific theory (i.e., the prior model is a ‘model of H1’, see Dienes, 2019) to calculate informed Bayes factors [2][9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Researchers should exercise caution before automatically calculating posterior distributions using the model of H1 used to calculate informed Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "Consider the Bayes factor reported on p. 7 of Warmelink et al. ( 2019): BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "The model of H1 was specified using a half-normal distribution (indicated by the subscript H in the notation and depicted by the solid black line in Figure 1A,B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "The half-normal distribution represents several aspects of the theory: (I) only effects in one direction are considered plausible, and these are represented as positive in the analysis; (II) smaller effect sizes are considered more plausible than larger effect sizes; and (III) effect sizes up to twice the approximate scale-of-effect are considered plausible (the approximate scale-of-effect was 7.05, based on the results of Warmelink, 2012) [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "To see why caution should be exercised before calculating a posterior distribution, consider Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "The red dotted line in Panel A shows the actual posterior distribution for the data in this example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "There is nothing particularly disconcerting about Panel A – the most plausible effect sizes according to the posterior distribution lie midway between the most plausible effect sizes according to the model of H1 (i.e., smaller effect sizes closer to zero), and the most plausible effect sizes according to the data (i.e., those close to the observed mean difference of 9.41)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0027", "sentence_n": 27, "text": "Now consider Panel B. The red dotted line in Panel B shows the posterior distribution assuming that Warmelink et al. ( 2019) had observed the same magnitude of effect, but in the opposite direction predicted by theory [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0028", "sentence_n": 28, "text": "The posterior distribution is clearly not an accurate estimation of effect sizes in light of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0029", "sentence_n": 29, "text": "The model of H1 assigned zero plausibility to results in the opposite direction to the prediction and consequently so does the posterior distribution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0058__s0030", "sentence_n": 30, "text": "In sum, posterior distributions can be informative for estimation purposes when a vague prior model has been used, but researchers should exercise caution before automatically calculating posterior distributions when reporting informed Bayes factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3933__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Additional suggestions In this section, we provide two further suggestions that we believe will improve the reporting of Bayes factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Report Robustness Regions to demonstrate the robustness of conclusions to models of H1 In line with Jeffrey’s platitude that ‘the answer should depend on the question’, the result of the Bayes factor depends on the specified models of H1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "APA guidelines state that one should therefore report how sensitive the inference is to the specification of the model of H1 whenever reporting Bayes factors (Appelbaum et al., 2020, p. 20) [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This can be done by reporting robustness regions alongside Bayes factors (e.g., Lin, McLatchie & Linkenauger (2020) and Palfi, Parris, McLatchie, Kekecs & Dienes (In Press)) [11][12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Robustness regions are reported as RR[LL, UL] where LL corresponds to the smallest scale-of-effect and UL corresponds to the largest scale-of-effect that lead to the same conclusion as the model of H1 used to calculate the Bayes factor, assuming the minimum threshold of evidence is constant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Consider again the Bayes factor discussed above: BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Warmelink et al. ( 2019) concluded that they had obtained moderate evidence for an effect, when specifying their model of H1 with a scale-of-effect of 7.05 and a minimum threshold of B = 3 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To create robustness regions, we calculated a series of Bayes factors, each time manipulating the scale-of-effect to identify the smallest and largest scale-of-effect that still produced B > 3 (see DeBruine & Dienes, 2020, for R code that calculates Robustness Regions non-iteratively) [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In this case, the robustness region is RR[4.44, 15.74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Whether this can be considered robust or not depends on the scientific context."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "If effects outside the robustness region are scientifically plausible, the inference is not robust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "If the robustness regions are judged to cover all theoretically plausible effect sizes, the inference is robust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "In this example, we conclude that the result is not robust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Many deception researchers may argue that an effect smaller than 4.44 details would be too small to be of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "However, an effect larger than 15.74 can be considered plausible and interesting (e.g., Vrij, Leal, Jupe, & Harvey, 2018, report a mean difference of 29 details between two interviewing conditions) [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Estimate the sample size required to obtain conclusive evidence As Mac Giolla and Ly highlight, 19 of the 22 Bayes factors reported by Warmelink et al. ( 2019) were inconclusive [3][2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "Here, we provide a simple method (with corresponding R script available at https://osf.io/34nb6/, based on original by Palfi & Dienes, 2019) that researchers can adopt to estimate the number of participants required in order to obtain a pre-specified level of evidence (originally outlined by Dienes, 2015) [14][15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "As sample size increases, and the standard error reduces towards zero, Bayes factors are better able to distinguish between evidence for two competing hypotheses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "The process requires one to (1) estimate an approximate scale-of-effect if H1 were true (for a tutorial on how to estimate what your theory predicts, see Dienes, 2019) [9], (2) estimate the standard error for a given sample size (e.g., the standard error from a past study), and (3) specify a minimum level of evidence one wishes to obtain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "The R script then simulates the standard error in light of increasing sample size and calculates Bayes factors for each sample size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "It does this assuming the evidence supports H1 and H0 separately."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0022", "sentence_n": 22, "text": "The script also outputs a graph to show the Bayes factor for H0 and H1 at each tested sample size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0023", "sentence_n": 23, "text": "Figure 2 shows the graph created assuming a researcher wanted to replicate the result from Warmelink et al. ( 2019), BH(0, 7.05) = 3.64, with a minimum cut-off of 3 [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0024", "sentence_n": 24, "text": "In this case, a replication would require 130 participants to obtain a Bayes factor of 3 in favour of H1 assuming the study supported H1, or 328 participants to obtain a Bayes factor of 3 in favour of H0 assuming the study supported H0."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0025", "sentence_n": 25, "text": "It is common that more participants are required to obtain evidence for the point-null hypothesis than for the alternative hypothesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0059__s0026", "sentence_n": 26, "text": "In this example, to ensure enough participants are recruited that the study could obtain sufficient evidence for either hypothesis, a replication study should look to recruit at least 328 participants."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3933__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3933", "paragraph_id": "triad_3933__response__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conclusion We whole-heartedly agree with Mac Giolla and Ly when they encourage researchers to design more informative studies, and we are grateful for their commentary that sought to educate deception researchers on matters of reporting and interpreting Bayesian analyses [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here, we have sought to add a number of clarifications and also specified two additional ways that the Bayesian analyses in Warmelink et al. ( 2019) could have been more informative [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3933__response__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If researchers adopt these recommendations, we believe they will be better able to assess the evidence provided by their research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3933/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2932501808_W2991842300_W3035512125", "triad_name": "triad_3933", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3933__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors defined by the expression of specific diagnostic biomarkers [1-3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cell differentiation is a major prognostic marker of neuroendocrine neoplasms [4, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, regardless of the stage or the location of the primary tumor, it has been highlighted [3] that well-differentiated lesions have a better prognosis than poorly differentiated ones [4, 6-8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms was reviewed and validated the crucial role of the proliferative rate [9-14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The WHO Classification 2010 defined three groups of tumors, according to the combination of the morphological characteristics and the mitotic index as well as the Ki-67 index [15]: grades 1 and 2 corresponded to well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), whereas grade 3 corresponded to poorly differentiated lesions called neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Initially, it was assumed that no NET with a mitotic or a Ki-67 index above 20% could exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 7, 5], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to the 2010 WHO classification, gastroenter- opancreatic NENs are classified as NET G-1 or G-2 in up to 84% of cases or NEC in 6%-8% [16, 17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mitoses .20 per high- power field (HPF) or a Ki-67 index .20% are identified in grade 3 tumors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recently, a proportion of NET presenting a high proliferation, either mitoses or Ki-67 index cutoff above 20% and a well-differentiated morphology, have been identified, thereby calling for a new category, well-differentiated grade 3 NET (NET G-3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "NET G-3 has been estimated between 5.6% and 8% of gastroenteropancreatic NENs [16, 18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This category appeared as a distinct entity from NECs because of their better overall survival [16, 18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "NET G-3 suffered from a lack of guide- lines or consensus-based recommendations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We herein stress the histopathological identification, frequency, treatment, and outcome of NET G-3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The majority of gastroenteropancreatic NENs are classified in the well-differentiated category because they retain the organoid architecture typical of neuroendocrine organs and have a relatively low proliferative rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is stated that all gastroenteropancreatic NETs-with the exception of the pan- creatic microadenomas and minute, gastrin-driven type 1 neuroendocrine tumors in the stomach-are potentially ma- lignant neoplasms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Different classifications have been used to distinguish pure neuroendocrine tumors from mixed endocrine- exocrine tumors, and to distinguish within pure neuroendocrine tumors different categories according to their behavior (well- differentiated NETs with benign behavior, well-differentiated NETs with uncertain behavior, well-differentiated NETs with malignant behavior, and poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas with high-grade malignant behavior) [19, 20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These classifications were based on their site of origin, size, gross and/or microscopic tumor extension, vascular invasion, and/or proliferative activity (Ki-67 index), as well as their syndromatic clinical/functioning features."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prognostic assessment of gastroenteropancreatic NENs has improved significantly since the introduction of the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) and the WHO 2010 staging and grading systems [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The unifying grading scheme is based solely on the proliferative rate (mitoses and the Ki-67 index), permitting classification of all gastroenteropancreatic NENs as follows: low-grade, or G-1 (mitoses #2/10 HPF and Ki-67 index #2%); intermediate- grade, or G-2 (mitoses 2-20/10 HPF or Ki-67 index 3%-20%); and high-grade, or G-3 (mitoses .20/HPF or Ki-67 index .20%) (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The WHO recommends that mitoses and the Ki-67 index should be counted in 50 high-power fields and 500-2,000 cells in the highest labeling regions, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to this system, a distinction can be made between well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic NETs (low-grade G-1 and intermediate-grade G-2), the most frequent form, and poorly differentiated gastroenteropancreatic NECs (high- grade G-3) that include small- and large-cell NECs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Microscop- ically, well-differentiated NETs are composed of monotonous regular cells presenting round or oval nuclei with \"salt and pepper\" chromatin and eosinophilic granular cytoplasm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The tumor nests are arranged in trabecular, insular, or sheet-like patterns (Fig. 1A, 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In some cases, important nuclear pleo- morphisms may be encountered, but are not associated with tumor aggressiveness (Fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Poorly differentiated NECs show highly proliferative atypical cells that are organized in diffuse sheets with little nesting (Fig. 1C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Apoptotic bodies and necrosis are usually observed, whereas the Ki-67 index is usually .50% (Fig. 1D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, it has now become clear that the G-3 group is heterogeneous, comprising, in addition to poorly differenti- ated NECs, tumors that retain the cytoarchitectural features of well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic NETs, despite a mitoses/Ki-67 count above 20% (Fig. 1E, 1F)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NETs of the G-3 group seemed not to be as aggressive as classic poorly differentiated NECs, but showed a worse outcome than the G-2 group [18, 22]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The prognosis is considered as intermediate between NET G-2 and NEC.Thus, it recently appeared of clinical interest that pathologists distinguished them both from NECs by their well-differentiated pattern and their lower mitosis/ Ki-67 count, which usually ranges from 20% to 50%, but also from G-1/2 NET."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In some cases, the morphological distinction with NECs (i.e., the distinction between well and poorly dif- ferentiated NENs) remained problematic in case of important tumoral heterogeneity, with limited areas showing less dif- ferentiated patterns and/or necrosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, it has been shown that sporadic NETs and NECs occurring in the pancreas are genetically different [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whereas inactivating mutations in DAXX and ATRX were exclusively found in NETs, abnormal immunolabeling for p53 and the Rb/p16 pathways was, conversely, detected in virtually all NECs (Table 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some of these molecular alterations may help pathologists to separate morphologically NEC from NET, in addition to morphological cellular characteristics."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An accurate pathological assessment of the proliferation index appears critical to rigorously identify highly proliferative NET G-3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Determination of the Ki-67 index has become a critical element in NET disease management."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Discussions remain regarding the lack of uniformity and re- producibility between the different methods used, such as \"eyeballing,\" manual counting, or digital image analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "De- spite good agreement for tumors showing a very low (,1%) or high (.70%) index, because of the marked interobserver and intraobserver variability, the eyeballing estimation did not appear to be reliable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This was particularly observed around the cutoffs for grading a tumor as G-2 (2%-5% range) or G-3 (15% to .20%) [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Compared with the image analysis Well-Differentiated Grade 3 NET method, eye observation/counting tended to overestimate the Ki-67 index [24-26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, in practice, the \"acceptable gold standard\" for determining the Ki-67 index remained the manual counting of a sufficient number of cells (.500), through the microscope or more confidently on a printed version of a captured screenshot as demonstrated by some authors [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Besides the problems of quantification, other factors, such as the fixative process, the staining technique, or the antibody used, may potentially affect the reproducibility of Ki-67 values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0009__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Underestimated grading has also been demonstrated when histological analysis is performed by endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine-needle aspiration [28, 29]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most well-differentiated NETs (G-1 and G-2) are recognizable without difficulty by pathologists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is very unusual that an expert pathologist does not confirm an initial diagnosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Based on the 2010 WHO classification, morphology has, for the most part, unfortunately been disregarded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lackof NET G-3 in the current classification could lead to classifying a tumor as a poorly differentiated G-3, mainly because of a high prolifer- ative index, instead of a well-differentiated G-3 [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Over- diagnosis can be observed for tumors with a Ki-67 index .20%, showing a marked nuclear pleomorphism or a crushed artifact, particularly on biopsies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, it is clear that in rare cases, a gray zone persists for pathologists to distinguish NECs from highly proliferative NET G-3."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Some authors underline the need to revise criteria concerning G-3 tumors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Revision should put emphasis on differentiation, modification of the Ki-67 cutoff value (50% instead of 20%), and integration of molecular characteristics that could allow a better distinction between these two types of proliferative tumors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Mixed tumors and metastasis, from the lung in particular, also need to be dis- tinguished from gastroenteropancreatic NEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "This remains a problem because these tumors are often diagnosed at a multimetastatic stage, and the diagnosis made sometimes requires the use of a microbiopsy performed under endoscopic ultrasound."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Furthermore, in contrast to NET, TTF1 and CDX2 are not reliable markers to establish the site of origin of a metastatic NEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0010__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Differential diagnosis with an acinar cell carcinoma is even more problematic and requires the use of a panel of immunohistochemical stains, including both neuro- endocrine and acinar markers (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and Bcl10) [31]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This distinction is particularly difficult for mixed acinar-neuroendocrine carcinomas [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The incidence of gastroenteropancreatic NENs is rising, prob- ably because of the increasing quality and quantity of com- puted tomography imaging [1, 33]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Epidemiologic data on NEN G-3 (NEC 1 NET G-3) are scarce."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Some studies have only reported NECs with a small-cell morphology [34, 35], whereas in contrast with lung NECs, large-cell NECs are more common than small-cell NECs in the gastroenteropancreatic area [36, 37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Among gastroenteropancreatic NENs, 7%-21% are poorly differentiated (NEC) [1, 17, 35], but no data on G-3 tumors were available in these studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some studies reported a frequency of 9%-16% of gastroenteropancreatic NEN G-3 [17, 38, 39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Studies, which have reported both characteristics, have al- ways found more NET G-3 than NEC: 9.1% versus 6.7% in the Austrian study [17] and 13.5% versus 9% in the Pronet study [39]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, we can speculate that the NET G-3 incidence is probably underestimated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For instance, we can expect some NET G-3 in the NORDIC NEC study [36], especially from the pancreas, because (a) no pathological review was performed in this population of 305 patients selected on Ki-67 .20% to confirm whether all tumors were poorly differenti- ated or not and (b) patients with pancreatic tumors had higher rates of positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) (46%), lower rates of Ki-67 (70% with Ki-67 ,55%), and longer overall survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These factors are more frequent in NET G-3 than in NEC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Very few data comparing NET G-3 and NEC are available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was the goal of only four recent studies [16, 18, 37, 39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, it is difficult to get an idea of the true distribution between NET G-3 and NEC, but NET G-3 would represent approximately one third of NEN G-3.The only prospective data come from the Pronet study, a 1-year prospective, epidemi- ologic study to assess the characteristics of newly diagnosed NEN, including a review of their diagnostic pathology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This study reported 778 patients with gastroenteropancreatic NEN, including 104 (13.5%) NEN G-3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "From the 104 NEN G-3, the proportions of NEC, NET G-3, and mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma were 69% (n 5 72), 20% (n 5 21), and 11% (n 5 11), respectively [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Another prospective national cohort, which focused on NEC (NET G-3 excluded) with a pathological review by the French national referent pathological network (TENpath), gathered interesting data on characteristics, prognosis, and treatments of NEC without comparisons with NET G-3 [40]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The paucity of available data on presentation of NET G-3 warrants particular caution regarding their distribution (Table 3)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In nonmetastatic tumors, the ENETS and U.S. guidelines recommend a surgical resection for localized NEN, irrespective of tumor grading [42-44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Based on the treatment paradigm for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer, neoadjuvant chemo- therapy and radiation can be considered in many gastro- enteropancreatic NEC patients, particularly when surgical resection is difficult [43, 44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No data exist on the efficacy of such an approach in NET G-3 patients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As for well-differentiated NET G-1/2, surgery is recommended as the first option in nonmetastatic NET G-3 patients [43, 44]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In pancreatic tumors, the standard treatment is surgical resection with a 5% mortality-and a 50% morbidity-rate according to the type of surgery [45, 46].The ENETS guidelines suggest that a \"wait-and-see\" approach might be preferred for asymptomatic patients in case of G-1, ,2 cm tumors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Con- sidering the lack of data, a similar approach cannot be rec- ommended in NET G-3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ingastrictumors, a cancersurgery iswarranted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Antrectomy, indicated in selected type 1 gastric NET patients to avoid gastrin stimulation, is not recommended in NET G-3 [47, 48]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In colonic and rectal tumors, NET G-3 should be treated with appropriate cancer surgery combined with lymph node re- section [49]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Surgical management of metastatic NET is controversial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The overall prognosis of these tumors is mainly based on growth of liver metastasis, cell differentiation, and Ki-67 index."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In NET G-1/2, liver surgery can be a valid option."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In pancreatic NET G-3, a similar overall survival of patients with NET G-2 and G-3 has been recently reported (67.8 and 54.1 months, respectively), significantly higher than in NEC (11 months) [18]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, from a surgical point of view, metastatic NET G-3 should be considered as NET G-2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In well-differentiated NET G-1/2, no data favor the adminis- tration of adjuvant chemotherapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In NEC, there are no studies examining adjuvant postoperative treatments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, their aggressive behavior and high rate of recurrence have led experts to consider adjuvant treatment, using platinum-based combinations as in small-cell lung tumors [44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In NET G-3, no data suggest a benefit of such an adjuvant therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition,"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Based on experts considerations and from the NORDIC NEC study (Ki-67 with a cutoff for response found at 55%), we proposed a Ki-67 cutoff between 50% and 60% as the minimum level that should be considered satisfactory to propose plati- num based chemotherapy (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, it appears reasonable to manage NET G-3 and NET G-1/2 patients similarly, without adjuvant therapy although there is a higher risk of recurrence [37]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In pancreatic well-differentiated NET, chemotherapy is the benchmark if the main treatment goal is the reduction of the tumor mass, particularly if it would allow secondary surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A long time ago, streptozotocin plus doxorubicin was shown to be superior to streptozotocin plus 5-fluorouracil, both in terms of tumor regression rate (69% versus 45%; p 5 .005) and length of time to tumor progression (median: 20 months versus 6.9 months; p 5 .001) [52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in view of renal toxicity of streptozotocin and cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin, different chemotherapy regimens have been investigated and may be recommended as a first-line option."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Altimari et al. identified a 50% efficacy of dacarbazine in patients with nonresectable intra-abdominal NET [53]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In line with this report, Bajetta et al. showed a 30% response rate with a doublet of dacarbazine and 5-fluorouracil (LV5FU2-dacarbazine) in a cohort of 30 patients [54]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Strosberg et al. identified a major response rate (radiologic objective response: 70%; stable disease: 20%) using capecitabine from days 1 to 14 in addition to temozolomide from day 10 to 14 [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the BETTER trial, chemotherapy-naïve pancreatic NET G-1/2 patients were exposed to a bevacizumab-5-fluorouracil-streptozotocin asso- ciation and experienced a significant disease control rate (56% of partial responses and 44% of stabilizations) [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Irinotecan in addition to 5-fluorouracil (FOLFIRI) has also been considered as an option in second-line pancreatic NET."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This regimen was associated with an 80% disease control rate but without objective tumor response [56]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In pancreatic NEC, the association of cisplatin to etoposide appeared as the first chemotherapy option [7, 57]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Recently, Nakano et al. presented another platinum-based regimen with irinotecan and cisplatin and experienced a 50% overall response rate [58]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Similarly to pancreatic NET, FOLFIRI regimen has been evaluated as showing 37% overall response rate in second-line [59]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0022__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In a In nonpancreatic NET, no randomized study identi- fied a standard of care."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interferon is mainly proposed in cases of persistent secretory syndrome despite the somato- statin analogs [61, 62]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Interferon did not provide any significant benefit in terms of progression-free survival versus 5-fluorouracil plus streptozotocin (14.1 versus 5.5 months; hazard ratio 5 0.75 [0.41-1.36]) [62]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interferon-a (3 million IU, three times per week) was used, whereas other forms seem better-tolerated and possibly as effective [63]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Considering the lack of validated chemotherapy, some experts in line with well-differentiated NET recommended dacarbazine [53] with or without 5-fluorouracil (LV5FU2- dacarbazine) [64] or temozolomide [65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "An alternative could be the combination of capecitabine and temozolomide [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Cassier et al., using a platinum-based chemotherapy (gemcitabine and oxaliplatin regimen), suggested some efficacy in pretreated non-pancreatic-NET G-1/2 patients with an 84% overall response rate [66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nevertheless, physicians should keep in mind that the response rates to alkylant agents are very low in nonpancreatic NET, possi- bly due to a strong expression of O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase [67, 68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The best results of a chemo- therapy regimen were obtained in a nonrandomized phase II study of naive patients with nonpancreatic NET [69]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In patients receiving a capecitabine-bevacizumab combina- tion, the response rate was reported as 18%, the overall disease control rate was 88%, and the progression-free survival was approximately 23 months [69]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "These results require confirmation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0023__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In nonpancreatic NET G-3, no chemo- therapy regimen should be considered as a standard of first-line care, considering the very small amount of data available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In nonpancreatic NET G-3, no chemotherapy regimen should be considered as a standard of first-line care, considering the very small amount of data available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In pancreatic NET G-1/2, two randomized phase III studies demonstrated the efficacy of a targeted therapy, either an mam- malian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor [9] (everolimus) or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor [14] (sunitinib)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ENETS guidelines recommend targeted therapies in second-line and their use in first-line when chemotherapy is not appropriate [70]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In pancreatic NEC, there is no validation of a targeted therapy (except bevacizumab; see above)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In nonpancreatic NET G-1/2, an mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) has been evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Radiant 2 study, everolimus plus octreotide, compared with placebo plus octreotide, tends Well-Differentiated Grade 3 NET to demonstrate some efficacy [71]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Everolimus improved progression-free survival in patients with advanced NET associated with the carcinoid syndrome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The median progression-free survival by central review was 16.4 months in the treated group versus 11.3 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.59-1.00; one- sided log-rank test p 5 .026)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These data were significantly confirmed by the Radiant 4 trial, which reported that everolimus was associated with a 52% reduction in the estimated risk of progression or death in nonpancreatic NET G-1/2 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.48 [95% CI (0.35-0.67], p , .00001) [72]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Today, there are no data to propose a mTOR inhibitor or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor as first-line treatment in NET G-3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NETs express a high density of somatostatin (SST) recep- tors involved in the antiproliferative effects of somatostatin analogs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the Promid study, long-acting octreotide signifi- cantly lengthened time to tumor progression compared with placebo in patients with metastatic nonpancreatic (midgut) NET [73]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After 6 months of treatment, stable disease was observed in 67% of treated patients versus 37% in nontreated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, the most favorable effect was observed in patients with low hepatic tumor load."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Clarinet study confirmed the efficacy of somatostatin analog, lanreotide in nonpancreatic NET G-1/2, and identified a benefit in pancreatic NET G-1/2 [74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lanreotide was associated with a significantly prolonged progression-free survival among pa- tients with metastatic NET G-1/2 (Ki-67 , 10%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients with well-differentiated metastatic NET, Ki-67 proliferation index up to 5%, stable disease before treatment, and low-to-moderate hepatic tumor involvement (,25%) have been associated with tumor control during lanreotide treatment [75]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As more precise understanding of NET cell biology evolves, more accurate identification of individual tumors SST receptor (SSTR) profile will probably facilitate a more precise delinea- tion of SST analog treatments [74-76]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nevertheless, because of the lack of data in NET G-3, the use of somatostatin analogs might be restricted to low hepatic tumor involve- ment and stable disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The use of somatostatin analogs in NET G-3 should be only considered with a close monitoring and may be after confirmation of SSTR expression on SST imaging."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Presence of liver metastases secondary to NET of pancreatic and nonpancreatic origin has been shown to be a major factor in the alteration of both quality of life and prognosis [77]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hepatic artery embolization or chemoembolization, as well as radioembolization, have been shown to have good clinical, biochemical, and morphological responses when liver burden does not permit ablative therapies [78]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similar efficacy of hepatic arterial embolization versus chemoembolization in the treatment of liver metastases from well-differentiated non- pancreatic NET in a prospective study has been identified [79]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These data do not favor the hypothesis of an additive efficacy of arterial chemotherapy versus embolization alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To date, no randomized study has sought to compare the efficacy of either embolization or chemoembolization in NET G-3."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The choice of management depends on liver burden, metastases pattern, origin of the primary tumor, tumor differentiation, and tumor proliferative activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the presence of extrahe- patic metastases, especially bone, a systemic treatment is preferred."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective form of treatment for patients with metastatic NET."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, delivering sufficient radiation dose to the tumor to result in a high percentage of long-term tumor remissions remains challenging because of the limits imposed on administered activity levels by radiation damage to normal tissues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sabet et al. identified a specific efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-octreotate in advanced nonpancreatic NET [80]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "PRRT was well tolerated and very effective in well-differentiated midgut NET."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Disease control rate was similar in patients with a ,2% Ki-67 and 3%-20% Ki-67 NET, 97% and 87%, respectively (p 5 .36) [80]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The treatment with 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate plus best supportive care (30 mg Octreotide long-acting repeatable [LAR]) was compared with high-dose (60 mg) Octreotide LAR in patients with inoperable, progressive somatostatin receptor-positive, well-differentiated NET G-1/2 of the small bowel and confirmed its efficacy (median overall survival: not reached, 8.4 months; hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.129- 0.338]; p , .0001) [81]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To date, no data exist that would justify PRRT in NET G-3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The identification of NET G-3 is the cornerstone of an adapted therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This entity does exist and represents up to 6% of NET."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Prognosis and response rate seem to be close to well- differentiated NET G-1/2 with a worse overall survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It seems that the cell differentiation should be first taken in consider- ation when discussing the therapeutic options."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To date, cell differentiation, mitoses, and Ki-67 index must be known before treatment choice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The identification of a biological marker would guide the physicians to the best therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__original__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our recom- mendations for management are based on extrapolations of the literature, which has scant data on this particular subset of patients, warranting future studies further focusing on the clinical differences and molecular underpinnings in these patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3772__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read with great interest the excellent article by Coriat et al. titled “Gastroenteropancreatic on Well-Differentiated Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review and Position Statement,” published in The Oncologist [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors reviewed in detail the epidemiology and made recommendations for the management of this new entity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They concluded that Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs), Grade 3 (NET G-3), exist and differ from Poorly Differentiated (PD) GEP Neuroendocrine Carcinomas (NECs) in terms of prognosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3772__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Almost simultaneously, we published a multicenter Italian retrospective analysis of a large series of GEP NECs that was not referenced in this article [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our report identified an 18% prevalence of NET G3 (24/136) and confirmed that the category we named “NEC Type A”—defining a well-differentiated (WD) tumor with a Ki-67 index of 21%–55%—had a significantly different better survival than that seen with PD GEP NEC."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, our study revealed that not only morphology but also Ki-67 index can affect survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, patients with neoplasms falling into the PD GEP NEC category and with a Ki-67 index ≤55% had significantly longer survival than those with Ki-67 index >55%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3772__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, Coriat et al. suggested that a pancreatic primary may be more likely classified as a G3 NET, rather than as NEC, although the references for that statement did not provide information on the frequency of NET G3 at different sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our study, we observed that the prevalence of the pancreatic primary site was remarkably represented in 21% (29/136) of the total cohort; of those patients, 34.5% (10/29) showed WD morphology [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3772__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding therapy, Coriat et al. reported that everolimus and sunitinib were studied in two phase III randomized trials of G1-G2 pancreatic NETs and concluded that “there is no validation of a targeted therapy except bevacizumab.” However, given that NET G3 are well differentiated, as the vast majority of tumor populations included in the two aforementioned trials, everolimus and sunitinib should be considered among the possible therapeutic options."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It cannot be excluded that some NET G3 were included in those studies, provided that Ki-67 was unknown in the main part of the tumors (on this basis the terms “G1” and “G2” should not be used)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, data on a limited number of patients with pancreatic NET G3 treated with everolimus were presented at the most recent European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society meeting [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3772__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we disagree with Coriat and colleagues’ statement that bevacizumab was validated in pancreatic NECs, based on the current evidence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We believe that biological therapies, such as molecular targeted agents and somatostatin receptor-targeted treatments, should be prospectively investigated in patients with advanced NET G3 in comparison with platinum-based chemotherapy, which is the current debatable standard treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3772__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Fazio and Milione [1] for their comment on our position paper recently published in The Oncologist [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As highlighted in our paper, evidence-based medicine in response to chemotherapy is lacking, and the choice of the best therapeutic option remains a challenge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fazio and Milione described in their letter that the main primary localization of a well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumor (NET G-3) is the pancreas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They identified in their retrospective cohort that the incidence of pancreatic NET G-3 is 42% of all NET G-3 (10 out of 24)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, in our position paper, we stressed that the main localizations of NET G-3 are the pancreas, the stomach, and the colon."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, we factually reported that there is no validated phase III study on NET G-3 and there are no prospective data ongoing on the targeted therapy efficacy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, we agree with their comment that in “low” NET G-3, the proven efficacy of targeted therapy should be evaluated and that in some cases such therapy, either everolimus or sunitinib, should be considered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fazio and Milione believe that somatostatin receptor-targeted treatments might have a therapeutic efficacy in NET G-3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2016, the NETTER-1 phase III study validated the efficacy of the 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate (Lutathera, Advanced Accelerator Applications, Saint-Genis-Pouilly, France) in patients with inoperable, progressive, somatostatin receptor-positive midgut grade 1–2 neuroendocrine tumor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The NETTER-1 study presented as an inclusion criterion patients with a Ki-67 level below 20."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No data on the “aggressive” grade 2 NET subgroup treated in the NETTER-1 study that helped to propose 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate in NET G-3 have been published."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, it has been reported that patients with pancreatic tumors had higher rates of positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (46%), lower rates of Ki-67 (70% with Ki-67 <55%), and longer overall survival."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Such data pave the way for an evaluation in NET G-3 with a Ki-67 below 55% of the efficacy of the 177Lu-DOTA0-Tyr3-Octreotate (Lutathera)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Finally, the 2016 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines state that chemotherapy as first-line treatment with a temozolomide plus capecitabine or streptozotocin plus 5-fluorouracil regimen [3] appears as the recommended option in NET G-3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3772", "paragraph_id": "triad_3772__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As stressed by Milione et al. in a recent review, there is a clinicopathologic heterogeneity of NET G-3 that deserves specific clinical trials [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3772__response__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cell differentiation and Ki-67 level appear as the key points in the management of NET G-3 with a Ki-67 cut-off."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3772/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2467394509_W2593114578_W4256488911", "triad_name": "triad_3772", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3772__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Homelessness in the United States is a risk factor for a myriad of poor health outcomes, including infectious dis- eases, chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and sub- stance abuse disorders (1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, much is unknown about the full extent of the health risks associated with homeless- ness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Gaining a better understanding of the epidemiologic context of the experience of homelessness is valuable to public health for 2 reasons: First, epidemiologic data can inform public health practitioners and clinical providers in designing interventions that protect people who are cur- rently experiencing homelessness, and second, these data can provide evidence to support housing and homelessness prevention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To calculate rates of disease for people experiencing homelessness, data sources that quantify the number of people exposed to homelessness are necessary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although several agencies collect data on homelessness in the United States, 2 federal agencies provide yearly, publicly available, local-level data: the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the US Department of Education (ED)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "HUD defines any individual (of any age) or family as homeless if they lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This includes situations where their primary nighttime residence is a public or private place not meant for human habitation, if they are living in a temporary shelter (including emergency homeless shelters and transitional housing), or if they are exiting an institution where they have resided for 90 days or less and resided in an emergency shelter or place not meant for human habitation immediately before entering that institution (2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "ED defines homelessness differently than HUD, counting school-aged children who lack a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, inclusive of those who are 1) sharing the housing of other people; 2) living in motels, hotels, trailer parks, or campgrounds; 3) living in emergency or transitional shelters; 3) abandoned in hospitals; or 4) residing in places not designed for or ordinarily used as regular sleeping accommodations for human beings (such as cars, parks, public spaces, abandoned buildings, substandard housing, bus or train stations, or similar settings) (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "While these federal definitions reflect eligibility for the homeless assistance programs of HUD and ED, the data collection requirements may result in capturing fewer adults and Through consultation with federal agencies, we identified and reviewed 3 publicly available data sources that enu- merate persons experiencing homelessness with the purpose of outlining the challenges and opportunities for use in epidemiologic analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To provide examples of the impli- cations of the data sources, we describe the use of these data sets in the context of calculating the incidence of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ED publicly releases school-district-level data with an unduplicated number of homeless students enrolled in public schools, regardless of age, at any time point during the school year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These data are collected in alignment with the education portion of the McKinney-Vento Act to ensure that students who are experiencing homelessness do not face barriers to school enrollment and are provided with academic support."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data are available from the 2013-2014 to 2017-2018 school years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These local-level data include type of homelessness (sheltered, unsheltered, doubled up, motel/hotel) and some characteristics of the students, such as the number of homeless students who have disabilities, are English learners, are migrants, or are unaccompanied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Counts are suppressed if the number of students in a category is less than 2 (9)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These data provide the number of enrolled school-aged children who have been recorded to have been exposed to homelessness (inclusive of those doubled up, staying in hotels/motels, or residing in other temporary situations as described above) over the course of a school year (Table 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ED data can serve to define a retrospective exposure group of students within the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Using ED data, the definition of homelessness in case data should be \"a case in a student enrolled in public school who experienced homelessness (as defined) at some point during the school year.\" Utilizing these data as a denominator for an incident case of a disease, the state or local case report form would ask about a student's exposure to homelessness over the course of the school year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ED data are not comparable to HUD data due to differing definitions of homelessness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ED data also may not be com- parable across years: Prior to the 2016-2017 school year, students awaiting foster-care placement were counted as homeless."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In more recent years, states have begun excluding those students from their counts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Like the HMIS data, ED data cannot be used to estimate traditional person-time for incidence calculations and cannot be used in combination with a case report form that collects data on immediate homelessness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) is a set of locally administered information systems used by CoCs to confidentially collect data on individuals and fami- lies who access any homeless services throughout the year, including but not limited to emergency shelters, transitional housing, permanent supportive housing, or rapid rehousing (6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "People who are unsheltered are only included in HMIS data through street outreach programs, if they utilize pro- grams that participate in the HMIS, such as day shelters, or if a local CoC decides to add their own customized fields on unsheltered people to their database."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "People entering Vio- lence Against Women Act-funded programs for survivors of domestic violence are not included in the HMIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Lastly, Native Americans who may be experiencing homelessness or seeking services on tribal lands are not included."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like the PIT, the purpose of the HMIS is to allow com- munities to follow performance and allocate resources while providing data to Congress and the public to better inform homeless policy and decision-making (7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each CoC sub- contracts with an HMIS software provider of their choosing but must follow HUD data standards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All CoCs have been"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More epidemiologic research is needed to protect the health of people experiencing homelessness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The data from HUD and ED provide an opportunity to expand current re- search and develop actionable analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, as de- scribed here, the limitations of the data must be kept in mind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "New data on both sheltered and unsheltered homelessness will also become available on the local level from the 2020 US Census, which can be useful for validation and may provide further geographic granularity (10)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "With cautious alignment of definitions and consideration of the limita- tions, data from the 3 sources outlined here can be used as denominator estimates for understanding the epidemiology and risks associated with homelessness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_245__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the accompanying article, Mosites et al. ( Am J Epidemiol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "2021;190(11):2432–2436) evaluate data sources that enumerate people experiencing homelessness in the United States with respect to their strengths and limitations for conducting epidemiologic research in homeless populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We largely agree with their key arguments, yet offer additional points that provide important context about these data for researchers and other stakeholders."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, we believe that it is possible to address many of the noted shortcomings of these data, and once addressed, the data could be more effectively leveraged to improve the health, housing stability, and quality of life of people experiencing homelessness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Homelessness consistently ranks as a leading problem in the minds of the American public [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet, the true scope of the problem has historically been a subject of fierce debate among advocates, researchers, policy-makers, and other stakeholders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to the most recent estimates from the US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), in 2019 an estimated 568,000 people were experiencing homelessness in the United States, and throughout 2018, more than 1.4 million spent time in a shelter [2], [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Estimates of the size of the homeless population have been reported by HUD every year since 2007 in the Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HUD is the only agency that collects data with which to estimate the number of people experiencing homelessness in the United States on a systematic and routine basis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, the AHAR creates a descriptive profile of people experiencing homelessness [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, HUD estimates probably undercount the true number of people experiencing homeless in the United States—especially those who are unsheltered, homeless youth, immigrants, and homeless families [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Estimate inaccuracies interfere with appropriate resource allocation and interventions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, during the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, it was unclear what resources were needed to protect people experiencing homelessness in different localities because of inaccurate estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More accurate estimates of the size of the homeless population—especially at the county and city levels, where most programs are implemented—would have facilitated the delivery of resources to homeless people affected by coronavirus disease 2019 [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their article in this issue of the Journal, Mosites et al. [ 7] argue that population-level data for epidemiologic exploration are necessary to understand the full extent of social and health-related risks associated with homelessness, and in turn to inform interventions that will ultimately improve outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors describe the potential epidemiologic applications of 3 main data sources: HUD Point-in-Time (PIT) estimates, which are annual counts of the sheltered and unsheltered homeless population on a single night in January; HUD annual estimates of persons using emergency shelter, derived from local Homeless Management Information System data; and US Department of Education estimates of the number of students experiencing homelessness during a school year [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They argue that each has serious shortcomings that limit how and when the data can be used in epidemiologic research and should thus be approached and interpreted with caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The authors’ argument also implicitly calls for making improvements to these data sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although we agree with Mosites et al. ’s main argument about the limitations of these data, we believe epidemiologists and other stakeholders interested in understanding and improving the health outcomes of persons experiencing homelessness should keep 3 additional points in mind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, while flawed, the current data sources that enumerate the homeless population are vast improvements over what was available until the late 2000s."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, there is a wide array of proposals for improving the accuracy of enumeration efforts that could be easily implemented and would strengthen the utility of these data for epidemiologic research and other purposes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, improvements in the accuracy of these data would have benefits that would extend far beyond their potential use for epidemiologic research and even the original reasons for collecting the data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Current homeless population-level data collection and estimates are improvements"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Enumeration of the homeless population has been a longstanding methodological challenge, as conventional means of counting the general population (e.g., through the Census Bureau’s household-based surveys) are inadequate for people experiencing homelessness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Before the first AHAR report in 2007, estimates of the homeless population were conducted sporadically and were of questionable accuracy—varying wildly from 200,000 to 3.5 million [8]–[10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, since 2007, annual estimates from HUD have been available, and these have been valuable, useful, and easily retrievable from HUD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, the community-level data comprising the AHAR have also been available since 2007 and add a crucial resource for tracking trends in the size of the homeless population over time at multiple levels of geography."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The collection of these data has opened avenues for conducting important new research to understand community-level predictors of homelessness and the impact of policy interventions on homelessness [11]–[13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For example, in 2020, the US Government Accountability Office conducted regression analyses using HUD PIT data and found that rent level is an important driver of homelessness [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Likewise, researchers have used PIT data to show that a concerted policy effort to expand the availability of permanent supportive housing for military veterans has been a key factor in declines in veteran homelessness over time [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Counts underestimate the homeless population but can be easily improved"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mosites et al. correctly note that there are serious limitations in estimates of people experiencing homelessness [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They call particular attention to problems with the undercounting of the unsheltered population, and those concerns are echoed by the Government Accountability Office report, as well as the New York Times [5], [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, they provide little guidance on how to improve these estimates, despite numerous recent and past proposals for improvement [5], [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Undercounting of individuals in any given homeless population probably occurs more than expected and more for unsheltered persons than for sheltered individuals, given the wide year-to-year fluctuations in numbers reported for the unsheltered population [5], [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Homeless Management Information System estimates of the sheltered population are thought to be more reliable given fewer year-to-year fluctuations, but they could also be improved [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Enumeration of the unsheltered population depends on many factors: weather, the number of enumerators, the use of sampling or a census, a change in methods, the ability to find people, the area of focus (e.g., urban areas vs. large rural areas), and the level of training [5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some of these factors introduce bias to PIT counts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That is, some homeless people have a lower probability of being included in the count than others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During counts, enumerators sometimes estimate the number of people inside a tent or in an abandoned building without going inside, because of risk or out of respect [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, characteristics such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity are assumed if not confirmed through interview [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We feel that a few simple strategies could vastly improve the estimates and help address these issues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, HUD could provide clearer and more accessible guidance and training on PIT counting methods [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This would result in more accurate and more consistent estimates from year to year [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, HUD could provide communities with the resources and training necessary to calculate margins of error for their estimates [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One way to improve accuracy for the unsheltered population PIT count, through improved estimates of the error, would be to use plant-capture methods (in which people impersonating homeless individuals are “planted” in predetermined locations to help assess what percentage of homeless persons are being missed during the count), which have previously been used in certain communities on an ad hoc basis [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Additional options HUD could consider for improving estimates of people experiencing homelessness include conducting the count over several days and nights or over the course of a week or increasing the number of communities that use postcount service-based surveys."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These surveys involve interviewing people receiving services from soup kitchens, drop-in centers, or other places frequented by people experiencing homelessness to assess whether they were homeless on the night of the PIT count."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It may also be worthwhile to expand homeless enumeration efforts to include people who are “doubled up” (e.g., sleeping on a friend’s sofa) and do not meet HUD’s current definition of homelessness and thus are not currently included in HUD’s estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Estimating the size of this population poses additional methodological challenges, but it would be a worthwhile endeavor for understanding how conditions that may be understood as homelessness affect health."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, it need not be solely the responsibility of HUD to routinely collect data on the scope of homelessness in the United States."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Key population-based health surveys, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey, could promote understanding of the risk homelessness poses to health by incorporating measures of current housing status, recent exposure to homelessness, and risk of becoming homeless."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Epidemiologic purposes are just one of many uses for population-level homelessness data"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mosites et al. note that more accurate population-level data would lead to better epidemiologic research focused on homelessness [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While that is true, there is already abundant evidence of the negative health impacts of homelessness, and improving counts of people experiencing homelessness solely for the purpose of developing more precise estimates of these negative health impacts is likely to be insufficient for achieving improved health and housing outcomes in this population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, there are reasons to improve these counts beyond their ability to produce better research."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Currently, these data inform Congress on the magnitude of the problem and the characteristics of the homeless population, and they directly affect the amount of funding allocated to federal homelessness programs and the ability of programs that serve homeless populations to plan and respond to homelessness [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For this reason, it is imperative that these data be accurate."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Improving data collection methods and accuracy is essential for supporting and serving the homeless population and other hard-to-reach groups, such as immigrants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Beyond assessment of health risks, improved data collection will inform interventions and natural experiments which have the potential to improve health and quality of life."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CONCLUSION"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The annual data from HUD are improvements over past ad hoc and sporadic information-gathering, which varied considerably."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, the HUD data, especially the PIT counts, are considered underestimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fortunately, methods for improving the estimates are well known."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Commitment of resources from federal and state entities will be needed, as well as thoughtful use of well-regarded population-based surveys."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There is broad agreement that improved estimates of the homeless population would be desirable and could lead to progress in addressing the health and housing needs of those experiencing homelessness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Yet, better estimates require both the political will and adequate resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__critique__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Given the marginalized nature of this population and its significant intersection with other historically marginalized racial groups and people with disabilities, we hope that such political will and resources will be forthcoming."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_245__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate the insights provided by Roncarati et al. [ 1] in their commentary on our article [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors raised important considerations about recent progress related to data collection on homelessness, possible opportunities to improve data collection processes, and nonepidemiologic uses for data on homelessness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, we appreciate that the authors outlined specific opportunities to improve data collection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_245__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We emphasize that the primary goal of our article was to ensure that epidemiologists and public health practitioners are aware of the available data for use in their analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite the limitations and opportunities for improvement, these data sources are available for use now."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Use of population data on homelessness is especially timely and critical during the response to coronavirus disease 2019 in order to understand the burden of disease and estimate resource needs for people experiencing homelessness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_245__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Roncarati et al. that data collection can be improved [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Efforts to improve these data, especially for epidemiologic purposes, should be a collaboration across health and social service sectors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As the authors note, collecting information on housing status in health surveys is one way to increase understanding of risks of and exposure to homelessness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, because concerns about the health of people experiencing homelessness inherently cross sectors, collaboration between public health, health care, social services, and homeless service agencies is necessary to make wider improvements in the representativeness of homelessness data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_245__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "245", "paragraph_id": "triad_245__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although Roncarati et al. suggest that “there is already abundant evidence of the negative health impacts of homelessness” [1, p. 2439], quantification of health inequities, whether they are socioeconomic, geographic, or racial, remains crucial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are large gaps in the peer-reviewed literature related to homelessness, which can lead to misunderstanding of risk and misallocation of public health resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Epidemiologic analyses can help to protect the health of people currently experiencing homelessness while ultimately supporting the importance of stable housing and the end of homelessness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_245__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We look forward to working collaboratively across sectors to achieve these goals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_245/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3133680096_W3154572314_W3156903857", "triad_name": "triad_245", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_245__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The University of Tokyo Institutional Review Board approved this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The board waived the requirement for informed pa- tient consent because of the anonymous nature of the data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For this study, we used the Japanese diagnosis procedure com- bination (DPC) database, which was described in detail previ- ously [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In short, the DPC database includes administrative claims and discharge abstract data for all inpatients discharged from more than 1000 participating hospitals; it covers approx- imately 92% (244/266) of all tertiary-care emergency hospitals in Japan and 90% (90/100) of institutions certified for training burn specialists by the Japanese Society for Burn Injuries [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The database includes the following information for each pa- tient: age; sex; primary diagnosis; comorbidities on admission and post-admission complications coded with the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), codes and written in Japanese; medical procedures, including types of sur- gery, coded with original Japanese codes; daily records of drug administration and devices used; length of stay; and discharge status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The dates of hospital admission, surgery, bedside proce- dures, drugs administered, and hospital discharge are recorded using a uniform data submission format [21-25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several lists of scores are also available in the database, in- cluding burn index and Japan coma scale (JCS) scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The burn index takes both the surface area and thickness of the burned area into consideration: burn index = full thickness of total burn surface area + 1/2 partial thickness of total burn sur- face area [22, 26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The JCS correlates well with the Glasgow coma scale; consciousness scored at 100 points on the JCS is equivalent to a score of 6-9 on the Glasgow coma scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We cat- egorized the JCS scores into 4 groups: 0, alert; 1-3, delirium; 10-30, somnolence; and 100-300, coma [21-25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To quantify the extent of comorbidities, the ICD-10 code for each comor- bidity was converted to a score, and the sum was used to calcu- late the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) as previously described [22, 27, 28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Briefly, the CCI is a method of predicting mortality by classifying or weighting comorbidities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It has been widely used by health researchers to measure case mix and the burden of disease [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0003__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We categorized patients into 1 of 3 groups on the basis of the CCI: low, 0; medium, 1; and high, ≥2 [22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We categorized the hospital types as academic or nonaca- demic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We defined teaching hospitals as to whether or not the institution was designated for postgraduate clinical training."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We designated hospital volume as the number of eligible patients treated for the current study and categorized into quartiles (very low, low, high, and very high)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We defined the use of prophylactic antibiotics as treatment with first-generation ceph- alosporin and ampicillin/sulbactam (ie, targeted for burn infec- tion) within 2 days after admission without being used for perioperative management."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We identified all patients with severe burns (burn index ≥10) [22] who were recorded in the database from 1 July 2010 to 31 March 2013."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The exclusion criteria for this study were the following types of patients: out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, dis- charged within 2 days after admission (to avoid immortal time bias), administered nonprophylactic antibiotics within 2 days after admission, and underwent surgery (skin grafting) within 2 days after admission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We thus compared patients who were administered prophylactic antibiotics within 2 days after admission ( prophylaxis group) and those who were not administered any antibiotics within that time (control group)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because the DPC is an administrative database with informa- tion input as to when patients are discharged, patient follow- up began on the day of admission and ended on the hospital discharge date (to home, transfer to another hospital, or death)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We could not follow up patients after discharge from the hospital since the information was not available in this dis- charge database."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although physicians in charge were obliged to record the burn index, we were unable to evaluate patients for whom these data were missing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The endpoint used in this study was all-cause 28-day in- hospital mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The secondary endpoints were in-hospital mortality and the use of carbapenem, tazobactam/piperacillin, fourth-generation cephalosporins, and drugs for methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; eg, vancomycin, teico- planin, arbekacin sulfate, linezolid daptomycin) started after day 2 or later."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since inhalation injury that requires mechanical ventilation sig- nificantly affects the outcome for burn patients [22, 26, 29-32], we divided the patients into 2 categories: those who had re- ceived mechanical ventilation within 2 days after admission and those who had not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We compared categorical variables using the χ 2 or Fisher exact test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To assess the propensity score, we fitted a logistic regression model for prophylactic an- tibiotic use as a function of patients' demographic and clinical characteristics as well as hospital factors, which included the following: age; sex; burn index; CCI, level of consciousness on admission; hospital type (academic or nonacademic); teaching hospital status and hospital volume; use of catecholamine Prophylactic Antibiotics for Severe Burns • CID 2016:62 (1 January) • 61 (dobutamine, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine); antithrom- bin use; treatment with recombinant human soluble thrombo- modulin; treatment with haptoglobin; and requirement for escharotomy and debridement [1, 21-26, 29-34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We performed propensity score-adjusted logistic regression analyses to evalu- ate the effect of prophylactic antibiotics (with and without me- chanical ventilation, respectively), fitted with a generalized estimating equation to adjust for institutional clustering [35]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, we also performed a 1-to-1 propensity score- matched analysis (of prophylactic antibiotic and control groups) using nearest-neighbor matching."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A match occurred when a patient in the prophylaxis group had an estimated score within 0.2 standard deviations of a patient in the control group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We examined the balance in baseline variables using standardized differences, where >10% was regarded as imbalanced [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We performed logistic regression analysis fitted with generalized estimating equations to examine the association between pro- phylactic antibiotic use and 28-day in-hospital mortality and accounted for the paired nature of the propensity score- matched patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We used Cox regression analysis to assess dif- ferences in in-hospital survival rates between patients with and without prophylactic treatment in the propensity score- matched groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We performed all statistical analyses using IBM SPSS, version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We identified 2893 severe burn patients treated at 583 hospitals during the 33-month study period (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We categorized the patients according to whether they received mechanical ventilation within 2 days after admission (n = 692) or not (n = 2201)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We further divided the patients into those with and without prophylaxis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "From the groups with and without mechanical ventilation, we generated 232 and 526 propensity score-matched pairs, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, 35% (1013/2893) re- ceived prophylactic antibiotics: 60% (412/692) with mechanical ventilation and 27.3% (601/2201) without mechanical ventila- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mean doses and durations of prophylactic first- generation cephalosporin or ampicillin/sulbactam were 2.1 g/ day for 6.9 days and 4.6 g/day for 6.7 days, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the unmatched and propensity score-matched groups among mechanically ventilated patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the unmatched groups, patients were more likely to have received prophylaxis if they were younger, required more norepinephrine or other drugs, or needed escharotomy and debridement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 2 shows the baseline char- acteristics of the unmatched and propensity score-matched groups without mechanical ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among the unmatched groups, patients were more likely to have received prophylaxis if they were treated at teaching hospitals, required higher doses of cat- echolamines or other drugs, or required debridement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After pro- pensity score matching, the baseline patient characteristics were well balanced between the groups, as evident in Tables 1 and 2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall 28-day in-hospital mortality among all patients was 15.2% (441/2893)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was a significant 28-day in-hospital mortality difference between patients who were mechanically ventilated and those who were not (42.5%, 294/692 vs 6.7%, 147/2201)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pro- pensity score- adjusted logistic regression analyses adjusted for institutional clustering revealed a significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and lower 28-day in-hospital mortality in 692 mechanically ventilated patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], .52 to .96), but there was no significant relationship among the 2201 patients who were not mechanically ventilated (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, .61 to 1.5)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Among the mechanically ventilated patients, significant dif- ferences in 28-day in-hospital mortality occurred between the 2 62 • CID 2016:62 (1 January) • Tagami et al groups for both the unmatched (control vs prophylaxis, 48.6% vs 38.3%; difference, 10.2%; 95% CI, 2.7 to 17.7) and propensi- ty-matched groups (47.0% vs 36.6%; difference, 10.3%; 95% CI, 1.4 to 19.3; Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Logistic regression analyses showed a sig- nificant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and lower 28-day in-hospital mortality in the propensity- matched groups (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, .45 to .95)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was a sig- nificant in-hospital mortality difference between the 2 groups for both the unmatched (56.8% vs 48.5%; difference, 8.2%; 95% CI, .6 to 15.8) and propensity-matched groups (55.6% vs 45.6%; difference, 9.9%; 95% CI, .8 to 19.0)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cox regression anal- ysis showed a significant in-hospital mortality difference between the control and prophylaxis groups in the propensity-matched groups (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, .54 to .91; Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the propensity-matched groups, after day 2, there were no significant differences in the proportion administered anti-MRSA drugs (43.1% vs. 38.8%; difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, −4.6 to 13.2), carba- penem (34.1% vs. 37.9%; difference, −3.9%; 95% CI, −12.6 to 4.9), tazobactam/piperacillin (31.0% vs. 29.3%; difference, 2.0%; 95% CI, −7.8 to 12.0), or fourth-generation cephalosporins (12.5% vs. 14.2%; difference, −1.7%; 95% CI, −7.9 to 9.6)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Among the patients who did not receive mechanical ventila- tion, there was no significant difference in 28-day in-hospital mortality between the 2 groups for both the unmatched and propensity-matched groups (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Logistic regression anal- yses showed that there was no significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and lower 28-day in-hospital mortality in the propensity score-matched groups (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, .45 to 1.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no significant in-hospital mor- tality differences between the 2 groups for both the unmatched (control vs prophylaxis; 11.3% vs 10.1%; difference, 1.1%; 95% CI, −1.8 to 4.0) and propensity-matched groups (8.6% vs 8.4%; difference, 0.2%; 95% CI, −3.2 to 3.6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Cox regression analysis did not indicate significant in-hospital mortality differences between the control and prophylaxis groups for the propensi- ty-matched groups (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, .61 to 1.5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although more patients received carbapenem and tazobactam/ piperacillin after day 2 in the prophylaxis group than the control group (10.5% vs 18.1%; difference, −7.6%; 95% CI, −8.4 to −3.4 and 8.7% vs 13.3%; difference, −4.6%; 95% CI, −8.9 to −.8, re- spectively), there was no significant difference between the pro- portion administered anti-MRSA drugs (14.8% vs 18.4%; difference, −3.6%; 95% CI, −8.1 to 1.6) or fourth-generation cephalosporins (4.2% vs 5.3%; difference, −1.1%; 95% CI, -3.7 to 1.4) after day 2 in the prophylaxis and control groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results of this study, which used a nationwide database, suggest that there may be a significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and lower mortality in Several recommendations and guidelines for the initial man- agement of severe burns [17, 18, 20], including Japanese guide- lines (Japanese Society for Burn Injuries) [19], do not address systemic antibiotic prophylaxis or explicitly state that prophy- lactic antibiotics are not recommended."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The use of prophylactic antibiotics may not be safe because they could also promote the emergence of resistant strains of microorganisms, further im- peding the treatment of infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in terms of actual clinical practice in a general setting (ie, not for perioperative management) across Japan, the present study found that pro- phylactic antibiotics were administered to approximately 35% of all patients with severe burns and to 60% of those receiving mechanical ventilation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These results are consistent with the findings of the system- atic review study by Avni et al [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They analyzed 136 paired cases from 5 studies that did not take the use of mechanical ven- tilation into consideration and determined that systemic antibi- otic prophylaxis significantly reduces all-cause mortality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methodological strength of our study lies in the evaluation of a large sample of patients across Japan with severe burns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We conducted robust adjustment for measured confounders using propensity-matched analyses and focused on patients who did or did not receive prophylaxis within 2 days after admission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our study, the prophylactic antibiotics mainly targeted microor- ganisms, which in general heavily colonize the wound surface within the first 48 hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In severe burn patients, coagulase-neg- ative staphylococci and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus have been found to be the most prevalent isolates in admission cultures [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A gradual decrease in the number of isolates of coagulase- negative staphylococci and a marked increase in the numbers of S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been observed from admission to day 21 [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was subsequently a constant increase in MRSA [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Accordingly, as the secondary outcome, we compared the incidence of patients who required anti-MRSA drug administration with the prophylaxis group and controls."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We found that the use of prophylactic antibiotics did not lead to an increase in the proportion of anti-MRSA drug administration."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several small sample studies [10, 11] and systematic reviews [15, 16] have found reduced incidence of pneumonia in burn patients to be associated with systemic antibiotic regimens."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Several studies have indicated the presence of immune defects in the early phase following thermal injury among patients with severe burns."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The defects include impaired cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response, myeloid maturation arrest causing neutropenia, impaired neutrophil function, and decreased mac- rophage production [6-8] .The results of the current propensity score-matched analysis suggest that mechanically ventilated pa- tients with severe burns who received prophylactic antibiotics were more likely to survive than similar patients who did not receive the antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These findings were robust, as demon- strated by the results obtained by the logistic regression and Cox regression analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although in the present study we were unable to determine the indications for mechanical venti- lation for each patient, mechanically ventilated patients were apparently in a more severe condition (higher burn index and mortality rate) than those who did not undergo the procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although we cannot infer a robust cause-and-effect relationship from this study, we can speculate that severe burn patients who required mechanical ventilation could have (severe enough to) had immune defects and may have suffered from sepsis (includ- ing pneumonia) in the early phase after burn injury."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study has some limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, although it used a na- tionwide database, it was retrospective and observational, with- out randomization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even though we adopted propensity score matching to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics and disease severity, there may still have been bias in the form of confounders that were not measured."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, we were able to identify the major factors that potentially affect mortality in patients with severe burns, such as age, sex, burn index, comorbidities, and use of mechanical ventilation [5, 20, 22, 26, 28, 33], and the baseline characteristics of selected pa- tients with severe burns were well balanced in the propensity score-matched groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although large randomized trials are necessary to confirm these results, it may be not easy to perform such trials in a large number of patients for this life-threatening condition, especially for mechanically ventilated patients with Prophylactic Antibiotics for Severe Burns • CID 2016:62 (1 January) • 65 severe burns (mortality rate of 42.5%)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, the present nation- wide study may provide the best attainable level of evidence on this issue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the database does not include data on micro- organisms, the actual incidence of infection, or the cause of death, that is, death caused by sepsis due to burn site infection or pneumonia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, we did not consider topical antibiotics when we analyzed the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, recent studies have sug- gested that topical antibiotic prophylaxis confers no beneficial effects on outcome [15, 16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we evaluated only severe burn patients in a general setting (ie, not in a perioperative set- ting), as defined in previous studies [15, 16]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, our results cannot be generalized to the use of prophylactic antibiotics for severe burns in perioperative settings."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current nationwide database study using propensity score analyses found that the use of systemic prophylactic antibiotics in general settings may result in improved 28-day in-hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with severe burns but not in patients who do not receive mechanical ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Future multination studies are required to validate our results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All authors assisted with study conception and design and with data acquisition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "T. T., H. M., and H. Y. were responsible for the statistical analyses and the first draft of the manuscript."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All authors amended and commented on the manuscript and approved the final version."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This work was supported by grants for Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan (grant numbers H27-Policy-Designated-009 to K. F. and H. Y. and H27-Policy-Strategy-011 to H. Y.) and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan (grant number KAKENHI-15H05685 to T. T.)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The funders had no role in the execution of this study or interpretation of the results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Potential conflicts of interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "All authors: No potential conflicts of in- terest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Poten- tial Conflicts of Interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3652__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TO THE EDITOR—We read with great interest the article by Tagami et al [1] suggesting that antibiotic prophylaxis may improve outcome in patients with burn injuries requiring invasive mechanical ventilation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They reached their conclusion using a propensity score analysis from a Japanese nationwide database."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors deserve credit for addressing such an important question, because outcomes in severely ill patients with burn injuries remain poor, with most dying of sepsis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although we agree that antibiotic prophylaxis has been such questioned in critically ill patients with burn injuries [2], we also believe that too much reliance on the results reported by Tagami et al [1] may lead to inappropriate conclusions regarding the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in this specific population."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3652__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One major point is the setting in which patients with burn injuries were treated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such patients have longer intensive care unit (ICU) stays than most medical and surgical patients and most often receive several courses of antibiotic treatment owing to repeated sepsis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The need to control antibiotic exposure to limit selection of drug-resistant pathogens therefore seems crucial and must be considered in the benefit-risk balance for antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the current study [1], most mechanically ventilated patients did receive antibiotic prophylaxis (60%), which seems a very high proportion given current recommendations [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we do not know the basis on which antibiotic prophylaxis was administrated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3652__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous meta-analysis has shown that the risk of death was reduced with selective digestive decontamination in ICU patients and that systemic antimicrobial therapy was essential to this reduced risk [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although short-term emergence of antimicrobial resistance seems limited, the risk of long-term resistance remains largely unexplored."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is likely that some centers had a protocol of antibiotic prophylaxis for mechanically ventilated patients (ie, not patients with burn injuries specifically)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Centers with such protocols are likely to have implemented healthcare-associated infection prevention bundles, which may have a large impact on prognosis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This important point is missed by the propensity score adjustment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3652__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In other words, it is unclear whether some mechanically ventilated patients with burn injuries may have benefited from selective digestive decontamination and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis implemented for all mechanically ventilated patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This question is reinforced by the fact that most patients with burn injuries seem to have been treated in ICUs that were not dedicated burn units and had a low volume of such patients (>80% of mechanically ventilated patients with burn injuries were admitted to centers with <12 such admissions a year)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A control group to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated patients without burn injuries would have provided important insight in this regard."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3652__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we are concerned by the low doses of antibiotics used (2.1 g/d for first-generation cephalosporin or 4.6 g/d for ampicillin-sulbactam), given the high risk of underdosing in patients with burn injuries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Underdosing may dramatically decrease efficacy and increase the risk of selecting drug-resistant bacteria."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In sum, we believe that Tagami et al [1] may have missed the specificity of treatment for patients with severe burn injuries in specialized centers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The question of antibiotic prophylaxis and infection control in such patients remains open."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3652__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TO THE EDITOR—We thank Legrand and Lafaurie [1] for their interest and comments on our study [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their major concerns were within-hospital clustering and the doses of antibiotics used in our study [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We agree with their view [1] that between-hospital differences in medical care for patients with severe burns, particularly in specialized centers, may influence outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To reduce these differences, we included several hospital factors (hospital type, teaching hospital status, and hospital volume), as well as patient-level demographic and clinical characteristics, among the dependent variables in the logistic regression model for estimating the propensity score analysis [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After the propensity score matching, the baseline patient characteristics related to the outcome of burns [3] and the hospital factors were well balanced between the groups [2, Tables 1 and 2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3652__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, as a different confirmatory analysis for the propensity score matching, we performed propensity score-adjusted logistic regression analyses to evaluate the effects of prophylactic antibiotics fitted with a generalized estimating equation to adjust for within-hospital clustering [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although neither the propensity score-matching analyses nor the logistic generalized estimating equation regression analyses could completely avoid the effect of within-hospital clustering, the consistent results from these 2 analyses may serve to reflect the robustness of our results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3652__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As mentioned by Legrand and Lafaurie [1], the doses of antibiotics used in our study were lower than those used in Western countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, these are the standard doses used in Japan and were approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3652__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3652", "paragraph_id": "triad_3652__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, we agree with the final comment by Legrand and Lafaurie [1] that the question of antibiotic prophylaxis and infection control in patients with burns remains open."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further multinational studies are warranted to clarify the true effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with severe burns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3652__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our study may help ignite this into a more “burning” question and spark the initiation of multinational trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3652/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2253262888_W2336875936_W2404355551", "triad_name": "triad_3652", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3652__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and polypeptides which cause a broad range of toxic effects when released by the snake into the prey during a bite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although snake toxins have proba- bly evolved to assist in prey capture and defense, they inadvertently cause a range of systemic effects when humans are bitten."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Many snake venoms contain procoagulant toxins that activate the clotting pathway, which results in venom induced consumption coagulopa- thy (VICC) in human envenoming, and this is the most common im- portant clinical manifestation of snakebites worldwide."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "1,2 Australian elapids contain serine proteases, which closely resemble the mam- malian prothrombinase complex."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "3 Exposure to these prothrombin activators leads to widespread activation of the coagulation pathway resulting in consumption of the key clotting factors, including fibrinogen, FV, and FVIII."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "2,4 More recently, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), acute kidney injury, and thrombocytopenia have also been recognized to be as- sociated with VICC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Although this is thought to be a form of throm- botic microangiopathy, the pathophysiology remains unclear. 2-4 Circulating microvesicles (MV) or small cell- derived extracellular vesicles have been implicated in hemostatic disorders-an increase in MV associated with pathological thrombosis, and a decrease contrib- uting to potential bleeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "5-7 Several cell- derived MV are frequently found in the circulation-these include red cell, platelet, leukocyte, and endothelial cell- derived."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "8,9 Flow cytometry is a popular and easily acces- sible technique for measuring MV and determining their cellular origin."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "10 The role of circulating MV in snakebite patients is not known and we present the results of a unique investigation of MV in snakebite re- lated VICC and MAHA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Changes in MV levels after envenoming could indicate direct toxin mediated damage to the endovascular system which has been hitherto difficult to evaluate or measure in a system- atic fashion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To explore MV in snake envenoming further, we analyzed the levels of circulating platelet, endothelial, and red blood cell- derived MV in patients recruited to the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP) with confirmed envenoming from brown snake, tiger snake, or taipan."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Samples and clinical information were sourced from patients re- cruited to the ASP with elapid envenoming (including brown snake, tiger snake, and taipan envenoming), as previously described."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "11 Citrated plasma was collected from each snakebite patient re- cruited to the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Peripheral blood was collected in 0.109 mol/L tri- sodium citrate and platelet- free plasma was prepared by double centrifugation of whole blood for 15 minutes at 2500×g. All sam- ples were processed within 2 hours of collection, and aliquots were stored at −80°C for further batched analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Samples were then thawed at 37°C, 15 minutes before testing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Control samples were obtained from healthy volunteer blood donors after appropriate consent-these were processed and stored in an identical fashion to the patient samples."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, and D- dimer concentrations were measured on a Behring Coagulation System (BCS; Dade Behring, Marburg, Germany) at a centralized laboratory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Full blood count was mea- sured as per local routine laboratory protocol and blood films were examined by an independent pathologist for presence of red cell fragmentation for confirmation of MAHA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "VICC was defined as an international normalized ratio (INR) >3 with undetectable fibrino- gen, and MAHA as the occurrence of thrombocytopenia and red cell fragmentation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "11 Flow cytometry was done on a BD FACS Canto flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) with combinations of antibodies specific for platelet marker (CD41a- PE; Clone HIP8, BD Biosciences), red cell marker (CD235a- APC; Clone GA- R2, BD Biosciences), en- dothelial cell marker (CD62e- APC; Clone 68- 5H11) and appropriate isotype controls in a final volume of 100 μL of PBS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Megamix beads (Biocytex, Marseille, France) were used to gate events less than 1 μm in diameter and analysis was undertaken using FACSDiva software."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Control samples were obtained from healthy volunteer blood do- nors from the Australian Red Cross blood service."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "They ranged in age from 21 to 60 years and had a mix of both sexes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0004__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "These subjects were screened for any significant medical conditions and samples obtained were processed within 4 hours from collection in a citrated tube in a manner similar to the snakebite patients' samples."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS, (IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, Version 19.0., IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) were used to collate and evaluate the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prism 7.0a (Graphpad Software, La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for graphical representations and non- parametric analysis was undertaken to evaluate differences given the large standard deviations in the MV levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The normal co- hort, VICC without MAHA (VICC no MAHA) and VICC with MAHA"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Snake bites are associated with venom induced coagulopathy, microangiopathic hemolytic anaemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopaenia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• The mechanisms of MAHA and role of MV in its pathophysiology in snake bite are not known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• This results of this study show that red cell MV are increased in snake bites associated with MAHA whilst endothelial MV are reduced in all snakebites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Evaluation of circulating endovascular microvesicles provide an important mechanistic tool and have a potential role as predictive markers for studying the effects of snake venom."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(VICC + MAHA) groups were compared."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One way ANOVA (Kruskal- Wallis) test was used for non- parametric comparisons between the groups and a level of 0.05 was set for statistical significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The study was approved by the local ethics committee (Hunter New England ethics committee approval number 06/12/13/5.05) and by all major State and Territory human research ethics committees for the hospitals involved in the ASP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A cohort of snakebite patient samples who had envenoming and VICC, and had baseline samples collected on admission to hospital, were evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were 17 patient- samples with VICC alone (no evidence of MAHA; designated as VICC no MAHA) and 13 patient- samples with VICC with MAHA (designated as VICC + MAHA); and 28 normal healthy controls."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The age range for all snakebite patients was 24- 73 years and there were more males than females (see Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the differences between the age and gender between the groups compared was not statistically significant (Kruskal- Wallis test for age and z- test for gender)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All envenomation was by brown snake bites apart from five patients (two tiger snake and three where the type could not be determined due to insufficient pre- antivenom sam- ples)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "results for baseline blood counts and circulating MV levels in the three groups are shown in the table and illustrated in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As expected, snakebite patients with MAHA had lower hemoglobin and platelets compared to controls and those without MAHA (P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Platelet MV were significantly elevated in snakebite patients with- out MAHA (VICC no MAHA) compared to controls (P = 0.009), but there were no differences between the snakebite patients with and without MAHA (P = 0.21)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, the endothelial MV were significantly reduced in all snakebite samples compared to the con- trols (P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The levels of red cell MV in snakebite subjects with MAHA (VICC + MAHA group), however, were significantly higher than those without MAHA (P = 0.002) and when compared to con- trols (see Figure 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A markedly elevated red cell MV level may be used as a sur- rogate marker for MAHA whereas thrombocytopenia alone may Increased levels of red cell MV in snakebite patient samples with MAHA is consistent with red cell breakdown and hemolysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If this is a consistent finding then measuring MV at presentation could be useful as a predictive marker for MAHA in snakebite pa- tients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This suggests an alternative mechanism for the observed microangiopathy other than endothelial damage alone due to the snake toxin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The rapid generation of red cell MV may subsequently lead on to a consumptive coagulopathy and microvascular throm- bosis, which is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia that is typical of MAHA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also possible that some of the \"vesicles\" may represent red cell fragments rather than \"microvesicles\" and it may be considered technically challenging to separate the two populations by flow cytometry alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, majority of these fragments as seen on a blood film are usually in the size range of 1 μm or above, and in the range of the size of large platelets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "12 In previous studies evaluating the detection of fragmented red cells, using an automated hematology analyzer, have also used the principle of light scatter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The average dimension of the fragments was about 30 fL with a unidimensional size of a few microns when compared to a red cell which ranges between 80 to 100 fL with a diameter of about 8 μm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "13,14 The gating strategy used in our exper- iments excluded events larger than 1 μm in the MV gate therefore ensuring only red cell MV were enumerated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reason for apparent low levels of circulating endothelial MV could be due to changes in the size or surface antigen expression of the MV which may be altered in response to envenomation, resulting in MV that are undetectable via our method of flow cytometry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was an unexpected finding that requires further investigation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Limitations of this study include that we did not perform any functional studies in MV isolates or use alternative methods to eval- uate MV apart from flow cytometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Inter- laboratory as well as inter- instrument variability in flow cytometry is a concern despite the fact that it is an easily and widely available technique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Also, MV smaller than 200 nm are usually not detectable by flow cytometry."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The use of isotype controls, correlation with functional testing and participa- tion in global standardization initiatives may reduce this variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "15 Given the small sample size, we did not stratify the results according to gender or comorbidity status but this may be important to explore in a larger cohort."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 5, 7], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There may be some variability in how snake venom interacts with the human coagulation system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, all of the snake venoms in the current study are well known to contain procoagulant toxins that closely resemble part or all of the mammalian prothrombinase complex and produce identical clinical sequelae."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The toxin in brown snake is the most potent, being most similar to the FXa- Va com- plex, and able to directly cleave prothrombin to produce activated thrombin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The procoagulant toxin in tiger snake resembles FXa and requires completion of the complex from human plasma FVa to en- able thrombin activation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1 In summary, we provide the first report of changes in endovas- cular MV in snakebite patients and their possible role in the patho- physiology of snakebite- related MAHA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This study provides proof of principle that MV levels could be a marker for direct toxin mediated damage to red cells, platelets, and endothelial cells, that has been hitherto difficult to define."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We established that flow cytometric as- sessment of MV could be used as an important technique for mea- surement of direct toxin mediated damage to red cells in snakebite associated MAHA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "AKE is a recipient of NSW Health Pathology/HCRA/CMN trans- lational research fellowship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study was partly supported by Calvary Mater Research funds and NSW Health Pathology-Hunter Trust Funds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "GKI is supported by a NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship ID1061041 and the Australian Snakebite Project is par- tially funded by an NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence Grant ID1110343."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We acknowledge the various hospitals who participated in ASP study and provided the samples as well as the study patholo- gist who provided review of blood films."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "There are no conflicts of interest for any of the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5183__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Snakebite envenoming is estimated to cause 95,000-125,000 deaths and up to 400,000 permanent injuries or disabilities worldwide on an annual basis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This serious health threat has been recognized by the World Health Organization, and snakebite envenoming is classified as a category A neglected tropical disease [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In May of 2018, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution on snakebite envenoming [2], thereby providing a mandate to develop a comprehensive plan to effectively control the burden of envenoming and reduce its debilitating impact."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The multisectoral strategy that is required to achieve this will address socioeconomic, environmental, and healthcare challenges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Targeted actions to raise awareness have culminated in, among others, a recent international scientific conference where many essential stakeholders united in the fight against snakebite envenoming [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the highest health burden from venomous snakebites falls on south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa [4], exact information on the number of envenomings, clinical effects of snakebites, and effective treatments are lacking on a global scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In an effort to address this, the Australian Snakebite Project registry has compiled information on a substantial proportion of all Australian snakebites since 2005 [5, 6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This study clarified that the most commonly observed clinical envenoming phenotype in Australia is venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy (VICC) [5], an unbridled activation and consumption of the coagulation system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is due to the venom composition of the snakes that are most commonly involved in these envenomings [5]; Pseudonaja species contain procoagulant factor Xa-Va-like and Notechis species factor Xa-like enzymes [7-9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Once injected into the blood stream of the prey, the Notechis factor Xa-like protease interacts with prey factor V(a) [10], and the circulating venom factor Xa-Va-like enzymes are capable of converting prothrombin of the prey into thrombin [10, 11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Action of thrombin induces VICC, which is characterized by a (complete) consumption of fibrinogen and factors V and VIII, elevated D-dimer levels, and an international normalized ratio >3 [12, 13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the envenomed individuals that developed VICC as reported in the Australian Snakebite Project, approximately 10% presented with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) [5], resulting from intravascular red cell fragmentation with schistocytosis and thrombocytopenia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most MAHA cases were observed following taipan (Oxyuranus species, 26% MAHA cases) and brown snake (Pseudonaja species, 14% MAHA cases) envenoming, while bites from Notechis and Hoplocephalus species each led to MAHA in 7% of envenomed individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, this correlates with the venom composition of these snakes, with both Oxyuranus and Pseudonaja venom comprising factor Xa-Va-like prothrombin activators, while a factor Xa-like protease is found in the venom of Notechis and Hoplocephalus snakes [7-9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Also, the onset of VICC appears to proceed more rapidly following envenoming by Pseudonaja snake bites relative to those of Notechis snakes [14], and MAHA only seems to occur following VICC-associated snakebites [5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Despite these indirect observations, the exact pathophysiology of venom-associated MAHA remains unclear."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To gain insight into the venom-mediated damage to the endovascular system, in their recent article in Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Enjeti and colleagues have focused on the role of microvesicles (MVs) in snakebite patients [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Microvesicles are shed by outward blebbing of the plasma membrane and typically function to transfer cargo, such as proteins and ribonucleic acids, from a donor cell to an acceptor cell, leading to behavioral changes in the acceptor cell."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Microvesicles may be shed by platelets, endothelial cells, megakaryocytes, and tumor cells, and the diameter of these vesicles ranges from 30 to 1000 nm [16, 17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Elevated levels of MVs in the circulation are often associated with pathophysiological conditions such as sepsis, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [18-22], and MVs may even impact progression of disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In their study, Enjeti and colleagues primarily studied MVs generated by platelets, red blood cells, and endothelial cells."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared to control subjects, platelet MVs were significantly higher in the blood of snakebite patients that did not suffer from MAHA, while paradoxically red blood cell–derived MV levels were enhanced in patients experiencing MAHA [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In snakebite patients either suffering from MAHA or not, endothelial MVs were decreased."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These observations led the authors to speculate on the usefulness of red blood cell MVs as a surrogate marker for MAHA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While the results of the current study are certainly of interest, a number of drawbacks may be identified."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 5, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First of all, characterization of the MVs in this study could have been more extensive; flow cytometry was applied to detect MVs, and this method only detects larger MVs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the majority of MVs (with a diameter of <400 nmol L−1) may have been missed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It remains unclear how many of the red blood cell MVs were actually red cell fragments, with fragmentation being a hallmark of MAHA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, while the diagnostic use of MVs in snakebite patients sounds attractive, equipment allowing for high throughput analysis of MVs in snakebite patients is not readily available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "More rapid and precise diagnostic strategies to identify envenomed patients with MAHA could lead to a faster administration of specific treatment modalities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Current therapy of envenomed patients consists of specific antivenom administration, with early treatment (preferably within the hour post-snakebite) being most effective, as VICC develops very rapidly [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, VICC has also been reported to resolve within 24-48 hours without treatment [10], which is likely due to resynthesis of the depleted coagulation proteins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While the reports are scarce with respect to the treatment of MAHA, this syndrome seems to resolve following toxin neutralization by antivenom administration [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Finally, the current study failed to answer why envenomation leads to MV generation and if these MVs play a role in MAHA and/or the coagulopathy often seen in snakebite patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, it is ambiguous whether MAHA is secondary to VICC, and if so, whether fibrin deposition in the microvasculature could contribute to the pathophysiology of MAHA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While this would be consistent with the formation of schistocytes and the observed thrombocytopenia, the correlation with both platelet and endothelial MVs remains to be identified."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Until further work is performed on the link between MVs and venom-associated MAHA in snakebite patients, a causal role for such MVs in these pathological processes may just be a popping bubble."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5183__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank the authors Bos and Veersteg for their insightful commentary [1] on our brief report entitled “Circulating Microvesicles in Snakebite Patients with Microangiopathy” recently published in Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We echo their concern that venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) is one of the most medically important envenoming syndromes worldwide, particularly in tropical areas [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The activation of the clotting pathway by procoagulant venom toxins produced by many Viperid snakes and certain elapids, including Australian elapids, results in consumption of clotting factors leading to high risk of major hemorrhage in the victims [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the occurrence of VICC and microangiopathic hemolysis (MAHA) is an unintended complication in human envenoming."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In animals, usually meant to be prey for snakes, venom post-synaptic neurotoxins play a more central role by paralyzing the animal [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence, in vivo animal models for coagulopathy have been difficult to establish because of differential effect of snake venom on different animal plasma [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5183__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "MAHA occurs in a smaller proportion of snake bite victims with VICC and is often associated with thrombocytopenia/anemia [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mechanisms of endothelial damage and precise risk for developing MAHA are poorly understood."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The results from our study provide, for the first time, the investigation of platelet, red cell, and endothelial-derived microvesicles (MV) as measured by flow cytometry in the plasma of snake bite patients recruited from the Australian Snakebite Project (ASP)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Essentially, in this hypothesis-generating study, it was observed that red cell MV are significantly higher in snake bite patients with VICC and MAHA when compared to snake bite patients with VICC and no MAHA (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The mechanisms for production of MV and red cell fragments are likely very different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We believe that these 200- to 1000-nm MV are distinct from larger red cell fragments of a few microns that have been described from studies using the automated hematology analyzers [7, 8]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5183__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More importantly, a markedly elevated red cell MV level detected by flow cytometry may be used as a surrogate marker for MAHA whereas thrombocytopenia alone may not be able to discriminate between those snakebite patients with evolving MAHA and those without."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In spite of the limitations in using flow cytometry, it is easily available and its use in routine diagnostics is widespread."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, it is one of the few techniques extensively investigated for measurement of MV and where standardization recommendations have been published from across three workshops by the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis [9-11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The MV detected by flow cytometry have also been described to be more relevant for coagulant function in human plasma [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As technology advances, the availability of bench-top hematology analyzers with flow-cytometric capacity in many tropical reference centers is not unforeseeable in the near future."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5183__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5183", "paragraph_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While our results do not resolve the mechanistic basis of MAHA, the finding of low endothelial MV in snake bite victims is intriguing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In vitro models using endothelial cell culture exposed to snake venom could be one approach to understanding this effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Measuring leucocyte-derived MV would be useful in considering the role of snake venom–induced leukocyte damage and its contribution to the coagulopathic process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Serial sampling could provide valuable information on the time course of the pathophysiological events."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5183__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We also envisage that functional studies would add value to measurement of the red cell, endothelial, and platelet “bubbles” (ie, MV) after envenoming as a segue to understanding the “trouble” (ie, pathophysiological process) underpinning VICC and MAHA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5183/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2901334679_W2908711449_W2912456610", "triad_name": "triad_5183", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5183__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GenBank (1) is a public database of all known nucleotide and protein sequences with supporting bibliographic and biological annotation, built and distributed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), located on the campus of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI builds GenBank primarily from the direct submission of sequence data from authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another major source of data is bulk submission of EST and other high-throughput data from sequencing centers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The US Office of Patents and Trademarks (USPTO) also contributes sequence data from issued patents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The data are supplemented by sequences submitted to other public databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Through a long-standing international collaboration with the EMBL Data Library (2) in the UK and the DNA Databank of Japan (DDBJ) (3), data are exchanged daily to ensure that all three sites maintain a comprehensive collection of sequence information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "NCBI makes the data available at no cost over the Internet, by FTP access and by Web text and sequence similarity search services."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "NCBI also offers a wide range of WWW retrieval and analysis services which operate on the GenBank data (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GenBank continues to grow at an exponential rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Over the past 12 months 2.1 million new sequences have been added."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As of Release 113 in August 1999, GenBank contained over 3.4 billion nucleotide bases from 4.6 million different sequences."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Complete genomes (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Entrez/Genome/ org.html ) represent a growing portion of the database, with 14 of the 22 complete genomes now in GenBank deposited over the past 2 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recent additions include Aeropyrum pernix K1, the deep sea archaea bacterium, Pyrococcus abyssi and the nearly complete genome of Caenorhabditis elegans."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are at least 40 additional microorganism genomes, plus that of Drosophila melanogaster, that are being sequenced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Many of these are expected to be in the public databases over the coming year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Historically, GenBank had been doubling in size about every 18 months, but that rate has accelerated to doubling every 15 months due primarily to the enormous growth in data from expressed sequence tags (ESTs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Over 63% of the sequences in the current GenBank release are ESTs, and current EST projects for human, mouse, rat and other organisms will contribute still more data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over 55 000 different species are represented in GenBank and new species are being added at the rate of 1250 per month."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Human sequences constitute 56% of the total sequences (34% of all sequences are human ESTs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After Homo sapiens, the top species in GenBank in terms of the number of bases include Mus musculus, C.elegans, D.melanogaster and Arabidopsis thaliana."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Database sequences are processed and can be queried using a comprehensive sequence-based taxonomy (http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html ) developed by NCBI in collaboration with EMBL and DDBJ and with the valuable assistance of external advisors and curators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The NCBI taxonomy is also covered in a separate article in this issue (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each GenBank entry includes a concise description of the sequence, the scientific name and taxonomy of the source Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 1 organism, bibliographic references, and a table of features (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/collab/FT/index.html ) that identifies coding regions and other sites of biological significance, such as transcription units, repeat regions, sites of mutations or modifications and other sequence features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Protein translations for coding regions are also in the feature table."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The files in the GenBank distribution have traditionally been divided into 'divisions' that roughly correspond to taxonomic divisions, e.g., bacteria, viruses, primates and rodents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In recent years divisions have been added as needed for specific initiatives in biology, such as divisions for EST sequences, genome survey sequences and high throughput genomic sequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are currently 16 divisions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For convenience in file transfer, the larger divisions, e.g., EST and primate, are divided into multiple files when posting the bimonthly GenBank releases on NCBI's FTP site."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ESTs continue to be the major source of new sequence records and genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Last year there were 1 765 860 sequences in the EST division of GenBank."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Over the past year the number of ESTs has increased by >70% to the current total of 3 017 997 sequences representing over 180 different organisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The top five organisms include: human, with 1 587 029 sequences (53% of the total); mouse, with 696 281 sequences (23%); rat, with 124 350 sequences (4%); nematode, with 100 844 sequences (3%); and the fruit fly, with 86 121 sequences (3%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "ESTs also continue to provide the major source of new gene discoveries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As part of its daily processing of EST data, NCBI identifies through BLAST searches all homologies for new EST sequences and incorporates that information into the companion dbEST database (5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In order to organize the EST data in a useful fashion, NCBI maintains the UniGene (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/ ) collection of unique human (6), mouse and rat genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additional information about UniGene is included in a separate article in this issue (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The STS division of GenBank currently contains >83 000 sequences and includes anonymous STSs based on genomic sequence as well gene-based STSs derived from the 3 ends of genes and ESTs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These STS records usually include primer sequences, annotations and PCR reaction conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ultimate purpose for creating high resolution physical maps of the human genome is to create a scaffold for organizing large scale sequencing (7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Physical maps based on STS landmarks are used to develop so-called 'sequence-ready' clones consisting of overlapping cosmids or BACs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As the HTG sequence data derived from these clones are submitted to GenBank, STSs become crucial reference points for organizing, presenting and searching the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "NCBI uses 'electronic PCR' to compare all human sequences with the contents of the STS division of GenBank; this identifies primer-binding sites on the human sequences that may be amplified in a PCR reaction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This tool permits the assignment of an initial location on the map for sequence data and the association of existing GenBank entries to the new reference sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The electronic PCR tool is also being made publicly available on the Web to enable any researcher with a new human sequence to relate that sequence to existing maps and HTG sequence data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Genome Survey Sequences (GSS) division of GenBank has been the fastest growing division in the last year, having increased 4.5-fold to a total of 1 008 904 records with 518 917 227 nucleotides."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "GSS records represent 'random' genomic sequences, but are predominantly represented by 'BAC ends' which are single reads from bacterial artificial chromosomes used in a variety of genome sequencing projects, notably that of human (819 918 records), Oryza sativa (49 585) and Fugu rubripes (32 030 records)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The human data is being used (http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/clone ) along with the STS records in tiling the BACs used for the Human Genome Project (8)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The high throughput genomic sequences in the HTG division of GenBank are unfinished large-scale genomic records that are in transition to a finished state, after which they will be placed in the appropriate organism division (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These records are designated as Phase 0-3 depending on the quality of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Phase 0 records consist of survey sequences generated to characterize clones and may or may not progress to Phase 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Phase 1 records contain unfinished sequence, and may consist of unordered, unoriented contigs with gaps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Phase 2 records contain unfinished sequence as ordered, oriented contigs, with or without gaps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Phase 3 records consist of finished sequence, with no gaps and may have annotations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0014__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "When a HTG record reaches phase 3 it is moved from the HTG division into the appropriate organismic division of GenBank."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is now clear that a great number of human sequences will remain in the unfinished (HTG) division of GenBank as working draft sequence, while completed sequences will continue to move to the corresponding organismic division (PRI)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Together these two divisions should add some 2000 Mb of new genomic sequences from US-sponsored laboratories within the next year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each GenBank DNA sequence record is assigned an accession number, which is a stable and unique identifier for the GenBank entry as a whole, and does not change, even when there is a change to the sequence or annotation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In order to identify specific sequences from different sources, as well as keep track of modifications to the actual sequence data, NCBI additionally assigns a unique identifier, termed a 'gi' number, to each sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When a change in a sequence occurs, a new gi number is assigned to the new sequence version."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These gi numbers appear in the 'NID' (Nucleotide ID) field of a GenBank record, immediately following the ACCESSION field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By agreement among the collaborative DNA sequence databases, a third identifier was introduced in February 1999 which consolidates the information present in both the gi and accession numbers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "GenBank displays this identifier on the VERSION line, which appears below the NID line in the GenBank flat-file format and is of the form 'Accession.version'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, an entry appearing in the database for the first time has a VERSION number equivalent to the ACCESSION number followed by '.1' to reflect that this is the first version of the sequence in this entry, e.g., The VERSION line also displays the gi number."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the nucleotide sequence changes, then so will the gi number and the version, but the accession will remain the same."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although the NID line carries redundant information, this line remains in the file to ensure compatibility with existing programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar system for tracking changes in the corresponding protein translations was also introduced in February 1999."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Protein sequences now have identification numbers (in the format of three letters followed by five digits, e.g., AAA00001) that do not change, followed by a version number that increases with each subsequent version of the sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This identifier appears as a qualifier for a CDS feature in the FEATURES table portion of a GenBank entry, e.g., /protein_id='AAA00001.1'"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Protein sequence translations also currently receive their own unique gi number, which appears as a second qualifier on the CDS feature: /db_xref='PID:g1234567'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The letter prefix indicates the database of origin for these identifiers (d=DDBJ, e=EMBL, g=GenBank)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Eventually, the gi number will be phased out since the new 'protein_id', complete with the version number, will represent both a unique identifier and a means to identify changes in the sequence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The data in GenBank, and the collaborating databases EMBL and DDBJ, come from two sources: (i) individual authors who submit data directly to one of the databases, and (ii) bulk submissions from sequencing centers in the form of ESTs, STSs, GSSs or large genomic records (usually sequences from cosmids, BACs or YACs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data are exchanged daily with DDBJ and EMBL so that the daily updates from NCBI servers incorporate the most recently available sequence data from all sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Virtually all records enter GenBank as direct electronic submissions, with the majority of authors using the BankIt or Sequin programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Many journals require authors with sequence data to submit the data to a public database as a condition of publication."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GenBank staff can usually assign an accession number to a sequence submission within 2 working days of receipt, and do so at a rate of several hundred per day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The accession number serves as confirmation that the sequence has been submitted and allows readers of the article to retrieve the relevant data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All direct submissions receive a systematic quality assurance review including checking for vector contamination, verifying proper translation of coding regions, and checking for correct taxonomy and bibliographic citations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A draft of the GenBank record is passed back to the author for review before it enters the database."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Authors have the right to request that their sequences be kept confidential until the time of publication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In these cases, authors are instructed to inform GenBank staff of the publication date of the article in which the sequence is cited in order to ensure a timely release of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "GenBank policy requires that deposited sequence data be made public when the sequence or accession number is published."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although only the submitting scientist is permitted to modify sequence data or annotations, all users are encouraged to report lags in releasing data or possible errors or omissions to GenBank at update@ncbi."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "nlm.nih.gov"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several large-scale sequencing projects are producing megabases of human genomic DNA sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NCBI works closely with sequencing centers to ensure timely incorporation of these data into GenBank for public release."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In parallel, NCBI has developed methods to integrate these sequences with genetic and physical map data and to search the sequences more effectively (e.g., through options in BLAST to mask Alu and other types of repetitive elements)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "GenBank offers special batch procedures for large-scale sequencing groups to facilitate data submission, including the program 'fa2htgs' and other tools (10)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "About 40% of individual submissions are received through a Web-based data submission tool, BankIt (http://www.ncbi."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "nlm.nih.gov/BankIt )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With BankIt, authors enter sequence information directly into a form, edit as necessary and add biological annotation (e.g., coding regions, mRNA features)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Free-form text boxes allow the submitter to further describe the sequence, without having to learn formatting rules or use restricted vocabularies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "BankIt creates a draft record in GenBank flat-file format for the user to review and revise."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "BankIt is the tool of choice for simple submissions, especially when only one or a small number of records is submitted (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "BankIt can also be used by submitters to update their existing GenBank records."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI has developed a stand-alone multi-platform submission program called Sequin (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Sequin/ index.html ) which can also be linked online to NCBI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sequin handles simple sequences (e.g. a cDNA), as well as long sequences and segmented entries, for which BankIt and other Web-based submission tools are not well-suited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Sequin has convenient editing and complex annotation capabilities and contains a number of built-in validation functions for enhanced quality assurance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also designed to facilitate the submission of sequences from phylogenetic, population and mutation studies, and can incorporate alignment data."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sequin can be used to edit and update sequence records, as well as to perform sequence analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, Sequin can now incorporate any analysis tool available on the Web that accepts FASTA or ASN.1 (Abstract Syntax Notation 1) formatted data as its input."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, Sequin is able to work on large records (e.g., the Escherichia coli genome at 5.6 Mb) and read in all of its annotations via simple tables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Versions for Macintosh, PC and Unix computers are available via anonymous FTP to 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov' in the 'sequin' directory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Once a submission is completed, users can Email it to the address: gb-sub@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additional information about Sequin can be found through the NCBI home page."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Entrez (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/ ) is an integrated database retrieval system that accesses DNA and protein sequence data, genome mapping data, population sets, the NCBI taxonomy, protein structures from the Molecular Modeling Database, MMDB (11) and MEDLINE references via PubMed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The DNA and protein sequence data are integrated from a Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 1 variety of sources and therefore include more sequence data than are available within GenBank alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Entrez searching is provided on NCBI's Web site, via the Query Email server (query@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ), and as a network client that can be downloaded by FTP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Entrez is also discussed elsewhere in this issue (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most frequent type of analysis performed using GenBank is the search for sequences similar to a query sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NCBI offers the BLAST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/ ) family of programs to locate good alignments between a query sequence and database sequences (12,13)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "BLAST searching is provided on NCBI's Web site, via an Email server (blast@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ), and as a set of stand-alone programs distributed by FTP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "BLAST is discussed in more detail in a separate article in this issue (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI uses the ASN.1 data format for internal maintenance of GenBank, but distributes the GenBank releases in the traditional flat-file format."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The full GenBank release (issued every 2 months) and the daily updates (which also incorporate sequence data from EMBL and DDBJ) are available by anonymous FTP from 'ncbi.nlm.nih.gov'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The full release in flat-file format is available as compressed files in the directory, 'genbank'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A cumulative update file is contained in the sub-directory, 'daily', and a non- cumulative set of updates is contained in 'daily-nc'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A set of sequence-only files in FASTA format, corresponding to the GenBank database subsets searched by BLAST and including the non-redundant nucleotide and protein databases, is available in the 'blast/db' directory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Software developers creating their own interfaces or analysis tools for GenBank data are offered the NCBI ToolKit to assist in developing specialized applications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__original__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The ToolKit software can be found in the directory 'toolbox/ ncbi_tools'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2461__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to maintaining the GenBank nucleic acid sequence database, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides data analysis and retrieval resources that operate on the data in GenBank and a variety of other biological data made available through NCBI’s web site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NCBI data retrieval resources include Entrez, PubMed, LocusLink and the Taxonomy Browser."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data analysis resources include BLAST, Electronic PCR, OrfFinder, RefSeq, UniGene, HomoloGene, Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP), Human Genome Sequencing, Human MapViewer, Human-Mouse Homology Map, Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP), Entrez Genomes, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) database, Retroviral Genotyping Tools, SAGEmap, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) and the Conserved Domain Database (CDD)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Augmenting many of the web applications are custom implementations of the BLAST program optimized to search specialized data sets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All of the resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Institutes of Health was created in 1988 to develop information systems for molecular biology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition to maintaining the GenBank [1] nucleic acid sequence database, to which data is submitted directly by the scientific community, NCBI provides data retrieval systems and computational resources for the analysis of GenBank data and the variety of other biological data made available through NCBI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this update, the NCBI suite of database resources is grouped into the seven categories given below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All resources discussed below are available from the NCBI home page at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Entrez [2] is an integrated database retrieval system that accesses DNA and protein sequences derived from several sources [1,3–6], genome maps, population sets, protein structures from the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) [7] and the biomedical literature via PubMed and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), with embedded links to the NCBI taxonomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "PubMed includes primarily the 11 million references and abstracts in MEDLINE, with links to the full-text of more than 1100 journals available on the web."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several new features have been added to Entrez recently including searches for proteins by molecular weight range or by protein domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Population sets and ‘ProbeSet’ data from gene-expression experiments are also now accessible from Entrez."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "New Entrez formatting options include graphical and text-mode display of PHRAP scores for HTG records and XML output for all GenBank records."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The Books database has been integrated into Entrez allowing the searching of three online scientific textbooks [8–10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The LocusLink database of official gene names and other gene identifiers [6], was developed at NCBI in conjunction with several international collaborators, and offers a single query interface to curated sequences and descriptive information about genes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "New links from the LocusLink report lead to Proteome Inc.’s Gene Ontology, and NCBI’s Evidence Viewer which shows the alignments between GenBank sequences and the NCBI Human Genome Assembly used to derive alignment-based gene models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Protein domains from NCBI’s Conserved Domain Database (CDD) that are detected in gene translation products are also now listed in the LocusLink report."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) family of programs [11,12] performs sequence-similarity searches, beginning with either a query sequence or a GenBank accession number."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Successful searches return a set of gapped alignments between the query and similar database sequences, with links to the full database records."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Each alignment receives a score and a measure of statistical significance, called the Expectation Value, for judging its quality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The NCBI BLAST interface has been re-designed and offers several new search options including the specification of an Expectation Value range, rather than a threshold, for reporting alignments, and the specification of a residue range to limit searches to a portion of the query sequence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "XML output is now supported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A new alignment format, called the ‘Hit Table’, provides a compact, tabular summary of the BLAST results including, for each database hit, the positions of alignment starts and stops, coupled with scores and Expectation Values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition, BLAST can generate a taxonomically organized output that shows the distribution of BLAST hits by organism in three formats."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A particularly powerful feature of the new BLAST interface allows searches to be restricted to a database subset using standard Entrez search strings; the same restrictions may be applied to screen the output of an initially unrestricted search."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "These features provide the means to effectively construct a custom database for searching, or to parse the output of a search to include only sequences of interest, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Along with the revised BLAST interface, NCBI has implemented a standard URL-API which allows complete search specifications, including BLAST parameters and search query, to be contained in the URL posted to the web page."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A ‘GetURL’ button on the BLAST pages allows for the saving of the current parameter set, but URLs for custom searches may also be constructed easily by users."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "On the algorithmic side, BLAST now takes into account the amino acid composition of the query sequence in its estimation of statistical significance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "A composition-based statistical treatment, used in conventional protein BLAST searches as well as PSI-BLAST [12] searches, tends to reduce the number of false-positive database hits [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "A useful BLAST utility, BLAST2Sequences [14], compares two DNA or protein sequences and produces a dot-plot representation of the alignments it reports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Translated search options, such as blastx, tblastx and tblastn, now extend the program’s range beyond blastn and blastp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Using a new nucleotide BLAST variant, called MegaBLAST [15], batches of nucleotide sequences can be pasted into a web page or uploaded from a file, and used to search for nearly exact matches in nucleotide databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0038__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "MegaBLAST is up to 10 times faster than BLASTn for such searches."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI has developed a semi-automated system for assembling both finished and unfinished human genome sequence on a regular basis so as to incorporate the most current data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The NCBI-generated assembly of the human genome may be searched via a specialized variant called Human Genome BLAST using either nucleotide or protein queries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Human Genome BLAST generates custom ‘Genome view’ of the BLAST hits which is integrated with the Human Genome MapViewer so that the hits can be viewed in the context of a combination of the maps used by the MapViewer, such as maps showing confirmed and predicted gene locations, or EST hits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Finally, a special database, called the Trace Archive, which contains raw data underlying sequences generated by the various genome projects, may be searched using MegaBLAST."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The Trace Archive contains Whole Genome Shotgun (WGS) reads from the mouse as well as data from rat, human, zebrafish and worm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "BLAST-Link (Blink) is a new resource that displays pre-computed protein BLAST alignments for each protein sequence in the Entrez databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Blink allows for the display of subsets of these alignments by taxonomic criteria, by database of origin, relation to a complete genome, membership in a COG [16] or by relation to a 3D structure or conserved protein domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Blink links are displayed for protein records in Entrez as well as within LocusLink reports."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "UniGene [17] is a system for automatically partitioning GenBank mRNA sequences and EST, into a non-redundant set of gene-oriented clusters with identical 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTRs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Six new organisms have been added to UniGene over the last year: barley, rice, Thale cress, maize, frog and wheat."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These organisms join human, mouse, rat, zebrafish and cow, bringing the total number of organisms represented to 11."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The UniGene databases are updated weekly with new EST sequences, and bimonthly with newly characterized sequences and may be downloaded by FTP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "HomoloGene is a database of both curated and calculated gene orthologs and homologs for the human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, cow, frog and fly; the latter two organisms added over the last year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are now over 50,000 homology groups for human and mouse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The current datasets for the calculated orthologs and homologs and Mutually Orthologous Pairs are available via FTP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The References Sequence (RefSeq) database [6], provides curated reference sequences for mRNAs and proteins from human and other organisms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A new type of RefSeq, with accession number of the form NG_######, has been created to accommodate curated genomic regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such regions now include the human hair keratin gene cluster on chromosome 17, the human α globin region on chromosome 16, and the human MHC class III complement gene cluster on chromosome 6, among others."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (dbSNP) [18] serves as a repository for both single base nucleotide substitutions and short deletion and insertion polymorphisms and now contains almost 3 million human SNPs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A new web interface allows flexible searches by gene name and by cross-reference to other databases such as OMIM or the structure databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Searches for SNPs lying between two markers and batch retrieval are now also supported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Electronic PCR (e-PCR) is a tool for locating STSs within a nucleotide sequence by comparing the query against a database of STS sequences and primer pairs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A new non-redundant database of over 133,000 human and 80,000 non-human STSs called UniSTS is now available for such comparisons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Human Genome MapViewer displays NCBI’s current human genome assembly using up to seven parallel chromosomal maps simultaneously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The maps displayed can be selected from a set of 21, and include cytogenetic maps, such as chromosomal ideograms, sequence-based maps, such as those showing contigs, genes and SNPs, and radiation hybrid maps, such as the G3 and GB4 maps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several new maps have recently been added to show ab initio gene models predicted by GenomeScan, EST alignments with links to UniGene clusters and mRNA alignments used to construct gene models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The MapViewer also offers a tabular view of the data, in addition to the default graphical view, which is convenient for the import of the data into other programs for further analysis, and can be used to download user-selected segments of the NCBI Human Genome Assembly using a ‘Download/View Sequence’ link."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Supported download formats are GenBank and FASTA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The NCBI Human Genome Assembly data are also available via FTP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The Human Genome Resources web page collects links to all of NCBI’s human genome-related tools on one page."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0046__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "A recent addition to these links is the Human BAC Resource, a catalog of large-insert, FISH-mapped clones containing sequence-tagged sites that can be used to integrate cytogenetic, radiation-hybrid, linkage and sequence maps of the human genome and to locate clone distributors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Cancer Chromosome Aberration Project (CCAP) service is an initiative of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and NCBI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The data includes a compilation by F. Mitelman, F. Mertens and B. Johansson of recurrent neoplasia-associated chromosomal aberrations from the Cancer Chromosome Aberration Bank at the University of Lund, Sweden [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A new Spectral Karyotyping database, SKY, has been created jointly by NCI and NCBI to enable investigators to share their own SKY and Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) data on chromosomal aberrations (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sky/skyweb.cgi)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Entrez Genomes [20] provides access to genomic data contributed by the scientific community for over 900 species whose sequencing and mapping is complete or in progress, and now includes more than 57 complete microbial genomes and 245 reference sequences for eukaryotic organelles; a gain of about 27 microbial genomes and 80 organelle sequences over last year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Four higher eukaryotic genomes are also found within Entrez Genomes; Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A new tool for genomic comparisons has been added within the last year called TaxPlot, which graphically compares similarities in the proteomes of two organisms to that of a third reference organism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Entrez Genomes reports for complete microbial genomes give access to views showing various aspects of proteome organization, including the taxonomic distribution of proteins encoded in the genome (TaxMaps) and their membership in Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) [16], links to 3D structures and conserved protein domains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Pairwise sequence alignments for sequence neighbors are presented graphically and linked to the Cn3D macromolecular viewer [21], which allows the interactive display of 3D structures and sequence alignments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The COGs database [16] presents a compilation of orthologous groups of proteins from completely sequenced organisms representing 30 phylogenetically distant clades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Many new organisms have been added over the last year, bringing the total to over 44."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The COGs are now also linked to the proteins of two higher eukaryotes; the worm and the fly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI’s SAGEmap service implements many functions useful in the analysis of SAGE data such as a two-way mapping between SAGE tag and UniGene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A new Java-Based SAGEmap Submission Tool (SST) is now available to assist SAGEmap submissions, and may be useful as a SAGE data organizational and analysis tool."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "NCBI provides web access to the OMIM catalog of human genes and genetic disorders authored and edited by Victor A. McKusick at The Johns Hopkins University [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The database contains information on disease phenotypes and genes, including extensive descriptions, gene names, inheritance patterns, map locations and gene polymorphisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "OMIM currently contains 12,940 entries, including data on 9,526 established gene loci and 926 phenotypic descriptions, and is now searchable using the powerful Entrez interface."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a data repository and retrieval system for gene expression data, is described in a separate article in this issue [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The NCBI MMDB, built by processing entries from the Protein Data Bank [5], is described by Wang et al. [ 7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The structures in the MMDB are linked to sequences in Entrez and to the CDD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The CDD contains PSI-BLAST-derived Position Specific Score Matrices (PSSM’s) representing domains derived principally from two public protein domain collections, the Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) [24] and Pfam [25], but also draws from domains defined by NCBI researchers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "NCBI’s Conserved Domain Search (CD-Search) service can be used to search a protein sequence for conserved domains in the CDD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Wherever possible CDD hits are linked to structures which, coupled with a multiple sequence alignment of representatives of the domain hit, can be viewed with NCBI’s 3D molecular structure viewer, Cn3D [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A new Tool, called the Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool (DART), has been added to the MMDB suite which allows searches of protein databases on the basis of a combination of conserved domains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Protein domain information has also been integrated into the Entrez system as mentioned above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most of the resources described here include documentation, other explanatory material and references to collaborators and data sources on the respective web sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Several tutorials are also offered under the Education link from NCBI’s home page."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A Site Map provides a comprehensive table of NCBI resources, and the What’s New feature announces new and enhanced resources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__critique__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A user support staff is available to answer questions at info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2461__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The GenBank sequence database incorporates publicly available DNA sequences of more than 105,000 different organisms, primarily through direct submission of sequence data from individual laboratories and large-scale sequencing projects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Most submissions are made using the BankIt (web) or Sequin programs and accession numbers are assigned by GenBank staff upon receipt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data exchange with the EMBL Data Library and the DNA Data Bank of Japan helps ensure comprehensive worldwide coverage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "GenBank data is accessible through NCBI’s integrated retrieval system, Entrez, which integrates data from the major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and the biomedical literature via PubMed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Sequence similarity searching is provided by the BLAST family of programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of the GenBank database are available by FTP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "NCBI also offers a wide range of World Wide Web retrieval and analysis services based on GenBank data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0055__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The GenBank database and related resources are freely accessible via the NCBI home page at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2461__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2461", "paragraph_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GenBank is a public database of all known nucleotide and protein sequences with supporting bibliographic and biological annotation, built and distributed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), a division of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), located on the campus of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, MD [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NCBI builds GenBank primarily from the direct submission of sequence data from authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Another major source of data is bulk submission of EST, GSS and other high-throughput data from sequencing centers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The US Office of Patents and Trademarks (USPTO) also contributes sequence data from issued patents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The data are supplemented by sequences submitted to other public databases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Through a long-standing international collaboration with the EMBL Data Library [2] in the UK and the DNA Databank of Japan (DDBJ) [3], data are exchanged daily to ensure that all three sites maintain a comprehensive collection of sequence information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "NCBI makes the data available at no cost over the Internet, by FTP access and by web text and sequence similarity search services."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2461__response__p0056__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "NCBI also offers a wide range of World Wide Web retrieval and analysis services which operate on the GenBank data [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2461/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4247964656_W4242739003_W4252546523", "triad_name": "triad_2461", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2461__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are serious complications to vaginal deliveries, with a 50% long-term risk of anal incontinence, that is, involuntary loss of feces or flatus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1-3 In Norway, a National preven- tion program aiming at reducing the incidence of OASIS was initiated in 2004."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The prevention program was inspired by the management of deliveries in Finland, where the incidence of OASIS at that time was very low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "4 The program consisted of manual protection of the peri- neum, visualization of the perineum during crowning of the fetal head, focus on good communication with the delivering woman and use of episiotomy only on indication (the Norwegian/Finnish model)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "5 After a couple of years, the incidence of OASIS in Norway dropped signifi- cantly, from 4%-5% to 1%-2%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "5 In Denmark, the incidence of OASIS in primiparous women in- creased from 6.1% in 2000 to 7.4% in 2010."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "6 Unlike the situation in Norway, there has been no decision on a national OASIS-prevention program in Denmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, since 2012, the incidence of OASIS has been monitored and evaluated yearly in a national setting (Danish National Quality Database for Births)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "7 Despite no national strategy for OASIS prevention, the overall incidence of OASIS among first-time mothers has decreased in Denmark since the detailed national surveil- lance started in 2012; from 6.2% in 2012 8 to 4.2% in 2017."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "7 In 2015, the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology pub- lished a national guideline 9 on evidence to prevent and thereby reduce the incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The recommendation was that all obstetric departments in Denmark should initiate OASIS-preventive strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0001__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Before publication of the guideline, two of four obstetric departments in the Capital Region of Denmark had already initiated formal prevention programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prevention programs were inspired by the Norwegian/Finnish model, which is further described in the Material and methods section."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre- ventive initiatives to reduce the incidence of OASIS by comparing hospitals from the same region with and without formal prevention programs and by comparing risk factors over time and at the differ- ent departments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We performed a historical cohort study, evaluating incidence, change of incidence and risk factors of OASIS during the years 2011-2015 at the four delivery departments in the Capital Region of Denmark."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two of the departments at Herlev (Hospital 1) and Hillerød (Hospital 2) Hospitals used formal prevention programs to reduce the risk of OASIS, adopting the Norwegian/Finnish model, but Hvidovre Hospital (Hospital 3) and Rigshospitalet (Hospital 4) did not introduce a formal prevention program during the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We used data from the Danish National Birth Registry."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main outcome of this study was the incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Variables included in the analyses to test for association with the in- cidence of OASIS were: year of delivery (calendar year [2011-2015], years after and before intervention [2014 and 2015 vs 2011 and 2012, deliveries in 2013 were excluded in the analyses of the effect of formal prevention programs as education and certification took place during 2013]), hospital (separately and grouped by use of for- mal prevention program [yes/no] [Hospitals 1 and 2 vs Hospitals 3 and 4], maternal age at delivery [years]), maternal prepregnant body mass index (kg/m 2 ) (as continuous variable and categorized as under- weight [<18.5], normal weight [18.5-24.9], overweight [25-29.9] and obese [>30]), maternal smoking (yes/no), primiparity, fetal birthweight (g or kg), fetal head circumference (cm), gestational age (days), fetal presentation (occiput anterior, occiput posterior and breech delivery), 5-minute Apgar score <7, induction of labor, oxytocin stimulation, epidural anesthesia, vacuum extraction, forceps delivery, mediolateral episiotomy, and time of delivery (daytime [08.00-23.59 hours] or night [00.00-07.59 hours])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At Herlev Hospital (Hospital 1), the formal prevention program started with several meetings for midwives and doctors at the de- livery ward to inform about the diagnosis and prevention of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A Norwegian midwife who had worked with the Norwegian pre- vention program, 10 participated for 2 weeks in the clinical work and instructed colleagues at the department, focusing on bedside learn- ing and \"hands-on\"."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Twelve midwives were trained and certified in the Norwegian/Finnish techniques."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Subsequently, these 12 midwives trained the rest of the department's midwives, obstetricians, gynecol- ogists and residents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, the obstetrician who implemented the preventive model in Norway, 4 held a \"hands-on\" training session where the manual protection technique in vacuum-assisted deliveries was practiced on a phantom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Each midwife and doctor, regardless of previous training skills and experience, was supervised at a minimum of three deliveries before certification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "After implementation of the formal prevention program was completed, all newly hired midwives and doctors, irrespective of previous training, were obliged to take part in an education session with phantom training, as well as super- vised deliveries before certification."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At Hillerød Hospital (Hospital 2), the prevention program was initiated in 2010 and included courses in correct handling of OASIS (theory, diagnosis and suturing)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From May 2012, hands-on tech- nique courses were held for midwives and obstetricians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The protec- tive technique was optional and could be according to the \"Finnish\" technique, 11 Ritgens maneuver 12 or another manual protection technique."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As this prevention program did not seem to reduce the number of OASIS significantly (data not shown), all staff attended a 1-day course introducing the technique used in the Norwegian"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the years with a general focus on how to prevent obstetric anal sphincter injuries, the incidence decreased significantly."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hospitals with formal prevention programs, however, did not have a higher reduction in incidence than hospitals without programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "16000412, 2019, 11, Downloaded from https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aogs.13672 by Mcgill University, Wiley Online Library on [18/05/2024]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License JANGÖ et Al."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "model performing hands-on training on phantoms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Training was con- ducted by both a Finnish midwife and obstetrician who participated in the Norwegian national preventive program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Back at the delivery ward, all midwives and obstetricians (irrespective of previous train- ing, skills and experience) were supervised by certified local staff."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Supervision of the midwives included a minimum of three training sessions on a phantom followed by supervision on three deliveries before certification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0008__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The doctors were also supervised in \"hands-on\" vacuum extraction on a phantom, using the Norwegian model, re- quiring three supervised sessions on a phantom before certification."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hvidovre Hospital (Hospital 3) and Rigshospitalet (Hospital 4) served as controls, as these hospitals did not have a formal OASIS- prevention program in the time period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At Hospital 3, OASIS-pre- ventive initiatives started during 2015, focusing on diagnosis, episiotomy technique and voluntary training sessions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No certifica- tion or bedside training was applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Hospital 4 did not have a formal prevention program for OASIS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Statistical analyses to evaluate changes in incidence of OASIS and risk factors over time were made using trend tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To compare groups, we used the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Kruskal- Wallis test as appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Further, we evaluated risk factors of OASIS using uni- and multivariable analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The multivariable logis- tic regression analyses were performed as stepwise regression with backward elimination of nonsignificant or borderline nonsignificant variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the incidence of OASIS has previously been found to be influenced by whether episiotomy is performed in deliveries with and without vacuum extraction, 6 we tested for interaction be- tween these factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We also tested for interaction between year of delivery (2014 and 2015 vs 2011 and 2012) and for hospital with or without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Significance level was set as a P-value <0.01 due to the large number of analyses and therefore risk of multiplicity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the final multivariable model, the analyses were adjusted for the following variables: year of delivery, place of birth at department with or without formal prevention program, mater- nal age, smoking during pregnancy, primiparity, fetal birthweight, epidural anesthesia, vacuum extraction and episiotomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Forceps, although significantly associated with the risk of OASIS, were not included in the multivariable analyses since forceps are rarely used in Danish obstetric practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical software R (https ://www.r-proje ct.org/)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We used registry data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry (Permission No. FSEID-00002666, date of approval 19 January 2017)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study was also approved by the National Data Protection Agency (J.nr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "HGH-2016-035, I-Suite nr. 04489."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Date of approval: 1 March 2016)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were 93 273 deliveries in the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of these, 75 173 (80.6%) were vaginal deliveries and 18 100 (19.4%) were by cesarean section."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among vaginal deliveries, 2670 (3.6%) were complicated by OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The incidence of OASIS decreased during the study period from 4.3% (n = 636) in 2011 to 2.6% (n = 399) in 2015 (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A significant decrease was found for all four hospitals during the study period (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, comparing the annual incidence of OASIS between the four hospitals, we found that the incidence was equal in years 2011 and 2012, but that there was a significant dif- ference between the hospitals during the years 2013-2015 (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the study period, the cesarean section rate did not change significantly (P = 0.79), nor did the rate of vacuum-assisted deliveries (P = 0.05)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we found a significant change in the proportion of primiparous women over the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the hospitals with formal prevention programs, the proportion of primiparous women increased from 36.6% to 43.1% (P < 0.001) and at hospitals without formal pre- vention programs, the proportion decreased from 57.6% to 54.9% (P < 0.001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a significant increase in the rate of episiotomy in the study period from 3.8% in 2011 to 5.5% in 2015 (P < 0.001) and this increase was significant both at hospitals with formal pre- vention programs (P < 0.001) and those without (P = 0.001)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, the episiotomy rate differed at hospitals with and without formal pre- vention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Notably, the rate of episiotomy in vacuum-assisted deliveries increased markedly at hospitals with formal prevention pro- grams, although a similar but smaller increase was found in hospitals without formal prevention programs (Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When comparing the hospitals in the years after intervention (2014 and 2015), we found a lower risk of OASIS in spontaneous deliveries without episiotomy at hospitals with formal prevention program (1.5%, n = 158) than at hos- pitals without formal prevention programs (2.0%, n = 331; P = 0.002) (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In vacuum-assisted deliveries at hospitals with formal pre- vention programs, the rate of episiotomy increased from 9.8% in 2011 to 27.9% in 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After implementation of the formal prevention pro- grams, the risk of OASIS was 7.7% if episiotomy was performed in vac- uum-assisted deliveries and 10.0% without episiotomy, although this difference was not significant (P = 0.27)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At hospitals without formal prevention programs, the rate of episiotomy in vacuum-assisted deliv- eries increased from 8.9% in 2011 to 17.5% in 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At the time after intervention at the other hospitals, the hospitals without formal pre- vention programs had the same risk of OASIS irrespective of whether episiotomy was used (10.7% vs 10.7%, P = 0.99)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 7, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In Table 3, population characteristics according to hospital with and without formal prevention programs at the years after implementation (2014-2015) are presented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Notably, there was a significantly higher proportion of primiparous women at the two de- partments without formal prevention programs (55.8%) than at the departments with such programs (39.5%; P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also found F I G U R E 1 Changes in incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) over time at the four Hospitals in the Capital Region 2011-2015 [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] When analyzing risk factors of OASIS during the study period we found two important interactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "First, we found that year of delivery (2014 and 2015 vs 2011 and 2012) and whether the de- partment had a formal prevention program affected the risk of OASIS differently (P = 0.008)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Secondly, we found that the risk of OASIS was affected differently in vacuum-assisted deliveries with or without episiotomy (P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, these two interactions were included in both the univariable and the multivariable analyses (Table 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "After adjustment and removal of nonsignificant and bor- derline significant/nonsignificant variables (close to P = 0.01), both interactions remained significant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the univariable analyses, we found that the risk of OASIS during 2011 and 2012 did not differ significantly between hospitals with and without formal prevention programs (P = 0.15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When com- paring the risk of OASIS at departments without formal prevention programs in 2011 and 2012, there was a significantly lower risk in 2014 and 2015 for hospitals without formal prevention programs (crude odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60-0.75) and an even lower risk at hospitals with formal prevention programs (crude odds ratio 0.48, 95% CI 0.42-0.55)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The final multivariable analyses were adjusted for year of de- livery, formal prevention program, maternal age, smoking status, parity, fetal birthweight, induction of labor, epidural anesthesia, vac- uum extraction and episiotomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After multivariable adjustments we found a higher risk of OASIS at the departments with formal preven- tion programs at baseline (years 2011 and 2012) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.36, 95% CI 1.20-1.54) than departments without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similar to the univariable analyses, we found a reduced risk of OASIS in 2014 and 2015 for both the departments with formal prevention programs (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58-0.78) and those without (aOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.61-0.76)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The risk of OASIS in vacuum-assisted deliveries was higher if performed without episiotomy (aOR 3.08, 95% CI 2.77-3.43) than if it was performed with episiotomy (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.89-2.93)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the multivariable analyses we also found that increasing mater- nal age, primiparity, increasing birthweight and epidural anesthesia increased the risk of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Smoking during pregnancy significantly decreased the risk of OASIS, even after adjustment for the other variables, including fetal birthweight."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We performed a historical cohort study with prospective follow up to evaluate the change in incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) at four delivery departments in the Capital Region of Denmark and found that the overall incidence of OASIS decreased significantly during the period, at both the departments with and those without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The adjusted analyses showed a similar risk reduction at departments with and without formal prevention pro- grams when controlling for important risk factors and for calendar year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 3, 7], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Until recently, the Nordic countries and UK have had increas- ing incidences of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "6,13-15 One hypothesis for this could be a previous tendency towards \"hands off\" the perineum; 16,17 another could be the increased focus on diagnosing and coding of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "13 The convincing large-scale observational data with substantial re- duction in the incidence of OASIS in Norway due to a national strat- egy of OASIS prevention inspired several departments in Denmark to initiate local prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "18,19 In Norway, there was a significant decrease from 4%-5% to 1%-2% OASIS in all vaginal deliveries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "20,21 At one of the hospitals in Norway the incidence of OASIS decreased from 4% to 1% over a few years after adopting the Norwegian/Finnish model."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "4 Similarly, at the Danish hospitals using the Norwegian/Finnish-inspired formal prevention programs, our study showed that the incidence dropped from around 4% to 2%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, even at the two hospitals without formal prevention pro- grams in this study, the incidence decreased, although there was a significant difference in the incidence of OASIS at the hospitals with and without formal prevention programs after the interventions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The robustness of evidence regarding perineal protection and reduction of OASIS using the Norwegian model have previously been criticized."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "22,23 The randomized trials performed to evaluate perineal protection have failed to provide effective reduction in the TA B L E 2 Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in spontaneous and vacuum-assisted deliveries depending on episiotomy and formal prevention program in the years after intervention (2014-2015) (n = 30 835) OASIS rate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "24 The Norwegian/Finnish model includes both perineal protection and other preventive strategies, and therefore it is diffi- cult to differentiate between the specific strategies and how these affect the overall risk of OASIS, separately and combined."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "22 Based on our results it seems that some cases of OASIS can be prevented when adopting general focus on prevention strategies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, we found no significant extra effect of implementation of a formal training program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The decreased incidence of OASIS did not reach the magnitude reported from Norway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Denmark, prevention strategies depended on local initiatives."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast, the marked reduction of OASIS in Norway was the result of a na- tional strategy with compulsory tutorials in all clinics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In Norway, TA B L E 4 Risk factors of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) according to maternal, fetal and obstetric characteristics presented as uni- and multivariable analyses It is possible that this could have caused a more marked effect on obstetrical practice, resulting in a higher reduction of incidence of OASIS, causing a significant difference between the hospitals with and without formal prevention programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An intervention program like the Norwegian program is costly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Further, the preventive effect is not verified by randomized controlled trials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These may be expla- nations for not implementing intervention programs like the one used in Norway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is possible that future rigorous prevention strate- gies will significantly alter the incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results from Norway with a continuously low number of OASIS is admirable, and taking the severe long-term complications to OASIS into consider- ation, continuous focus and prevention is needed to further reduce the number of women with OASIS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the side-effects of the increased focus on reduction in the incidence of OASIS was the increased use of episiotomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Denmark, the episiotomy rate has been decreasing 6 and Blondel et al found that Denmark had the lowest episiotomy rate (3.7%) of the European countries."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "25 In the present study, we found that the episiotomy rate increased significantly after implementation of the formal prevention programs and to a lesser extent also at the hospitals without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Especially, the rate of episiotomy increased in vacuum-assisted deliveries, possi- bly as a result of recent data that this protects against OASIS in primiparous women."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "26 In Norway, education in episiotomy tech- nique was one of the central parts in the prevention of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Laine et al found that the rate of episiotomy actually decreased in spontaneous deliveries but increased significantly in instrumental deliveries in primiparous women (from 61% to 85%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "20 Although we found an increased risk of episiotomy rate in vacuum-assisted de- liveries, the episiotomy rate in our study is substantially lower than that in the Norwegian study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The results of an ongoing Swedish randomized controlled trial that is evaluating the influence of lat- eral episiotomy in vacuum-assisted deliveries among primiparous women are awaited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "27 The important strength of this study is the large sample size over a relatively short time in obstetric settings that are very similar for other matters than preventive strategies for OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The large data- set allows for multivariable testing to control for important risk fac- tors and possible confounders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0028__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Data were collected for all deliveries and, ideally, bias due to registration as well as recall bias should be eliminated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, there are some weaknesses that need to be addressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the intervention with formal prevention programs was initi- ated and conducted differently at the two hospitals with prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Capital Region of Denmark is geographically small, and many midwives and doctors change work places within the re- gion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, it is possible that the exchange of staff between hospitals with and without formal prevention programs might affect the incidence of OASIS during the study period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, the national guideline on prevention of OASIS and the overall focus on the pre- ventive strategies may have had a Hawthorne effect 28 on the staff in hospitals without formalized preventive strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, many obstetric and demographic factors that could not be evaluated in our study, could have led to the effect of the formal prevention programs being too small to detect a significant difference."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, we compared the effect of a formal prevention program with general recommendations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did not investigate the different prevention strategies separately (ie, perineal protection, communication, reducing speed of crowning and individualized need for episiotomy) but focused on the effect of the awareness on com- binations of these factors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further, we evaluated the effect on incidence of OASIS in the short term (few years) after the intervention."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Maintaining the lower incidence of OASIS over time requires continued focus, training and possibly also recertification, in order to preserve necessary clinical skills."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hopefully, future studies will reveal which preventive strate- gies, separately or combined, can lead to the largest reduction in incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nonetheless, until those studies have been per- formed, we are obliged to prevent as many cases of OASIS as possi- ble to avoid long-term consequences for the women affected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found that focusing on prevention of OASIS is associated with a decrease in incidence, but implementation of formal prevention programs did not provide an additional effect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Possibly, more rigor- ous interventions at the hospitals with formal prevention programs might have caused a significant difference."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_24__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sir,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Congratulations on an important work confirming that it is indeed feasible to react to a rising rate of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) and reduce it [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, you discuss whether the formal program or focus was the most important factor in reducing the rate."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This assumed contradiction is a misconception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Focus is essential, regardless of the strategy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Instead, the decisive questions to be answered are what factors made staff members focus, and what they focused on."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general, one way to help people focus on a task such as implementing a hands-on approach in childbirth is to establish a formal prevention program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Focus may also be supported by more informal, person-centered or contextual factors such as preparedness for the intervention, competition between departments, meetings, discussions on the internet, and proximity to a department with a program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Fear of penalties is another important factor in favor of a systems approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 3, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some departments in Denmark actually did not experience a fall in the incidence of OASIS despite a perceived focus and the nationwide guideline [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Focus may be counteracted by, for example, resistance of influential leaders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, you did not document process indicators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It may well be that more or less the same elements for handling delivery were taken up to about the same degree in all departments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This would of course explain similar results."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A more thorough description of the different factors making the staffs focus, what they focused on, and how often this was applied would have been valuable [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "You call for studies revealing which elements may lead to the largest reduction in the incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our work, we registered process indicators, and we found the lowest incidence of OASIS in the group of primiparae where a certified midwife used a hand on the baby's head."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The single most important element of the care bundle was using a hand on the head [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, in your case, both formal prevention programs and more informal and person-centered factors seem to have brought about a focus on a safer handling of delivery in the short term."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To achieve and sustain a low risk of OASIS in the long term, a formalized systems approach is needed [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_24__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sir, We thank Dr. Rasmussen for his interest [1] in our paper [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As pointed out in the article, we recognize that formal obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS)-preventive programs will also increase the focus on reduction of the incidence of OASIS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, the publication of the Norwegian quality improvement projects has been the inspiration of OASIS-preventive practice in many other countries."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The study by Rasmussen et al. evaluating the different OASIS-preventive factors is interesting, because they, despite implementation of “a package” with certification, were able to analyze the importance of these factors separately [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It seems likely that their “package” resembles the one used in Norway, including visible perineum during crowning, manual perineal protection, a hand on the fetal head to slow down the delivery, and focus on communication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The same factors were included at the two departments with formal prevention programs in our study, and similar to their intervention, those two departments also included compulsory certification of staff members."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The formal preventive programs were initiated by local midwives and obstetricians/residents, and both programs were appreciated by the leaders of the department."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_24__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__response__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Unfortunately, we do not have information about which preventive strategies staff members focused on at the departments without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did not report or collect process indicators that could have increased our understanding of the process—both at the departments with and at those without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, prospective collection of individual OASIS-preventive factors at all deliveries at the four departments over several years, would have been a tremendous amount of work and probably not feasible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When evaluating obstetric practice and skills, it remains challenging to evaluate the results from multivariable analyses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Different risk factors, protective factors and obstetric methods are often associated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence, it is difficult to transfer results from single parameters to other staff members and other obstetric units."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nevertheless, the finding that controlling the speed of crowning by placing a hand on the fetal head was the single factor that was most important [3], seems logical and important."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0041__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Along with the other preventive strategies, continuous focus on reducing speed of crowning is probably essential to reduce the risk of OASIS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_24__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "24", "paragraph_id": "triad_24__response__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the finding that certification of midwives was essential could not be verified in our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Certification is time-consuming and costly, and along with the lack of evidence of perineal protection from randomized controlled trials, these were the reasons for not implementing such programs at the two departments without formal prevention programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nevertheless, both individual and general focus are important, but it is plausible that more rigorous preventive programs can cause a sustained lower incidence of OASIS than in departments without such programs [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The difficulties associated with a valid OASIS diagnosis at delivery, and the association between OASIS and subsequent anal incontinence should be addressed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Actually, increased focus on prevention of anal incontinence after delivery is essential."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_24__response__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Clinical assessment and endoanal ultrasound at follow up may provide clinical feedback and help us to understand how OASIS-preventive strategies affect the risk of anal incontinence after delivery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_24/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2947070993_W2965208463_W2973198476", "triad_name": "triad_24", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_24__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on the institutional standards at Loma Linda University in Loma Linda, California, our study met the criteria for IRB exemption."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did not receive any financial support for the research, authorship, and publication of this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 2020 directory of former ophthalmology and otolaryngology (ENT) residency programs was obtained from the American Osteo- pathic Colleges of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AOCOO-HNS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This directory represented AOA ENT and ophthalmology programs that existed before the single accreditation process began in 2014."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In January 2020, a secured survey was sent via direct e-mail to PDs of former AOA ENT and ophthalmology programs that did not achieve ACGME accreditation (Appendix)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Follow-up emails were sent on May 12, 2020 and again on May 22, 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The survey helped reveal challenges faced by these programs, many of which were in cities with less than 50,000 people."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This survey examined why accreditation was not pursued or obtained utilizing two questions, each with response options generated through personal communication with AOA ENT and ophthalmology PDs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Another response option with a comment box was provided for both questions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(1) If you did not pursue ACGME accreditation, why did your program not pursue ACGME accreditation? ( Choose one or more of the following: excessive cost, excessive paperwork, lack of faculty support, lack of hospital/administration support, ACGME clinical case volume requirements, ACGME research and academic vol- ume requirements, ACGME logistical/facility proximity re- quirements, ACGME surgical case volume requirements, we did not pursue ACGME accreditation, and other.)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(2) If you did apply for ACGME accreditation, why did your program not attain ACGME accreditation? ( Choose one or more of the following: excessive cost, excessive paperwork, lack of faculty support, lack of hospital/administration support, ACGME clinical case volume requirements, ACGME research and academic vol- ume requirements, ACGME logistical/facility proximity re- quirements, ACGME surgical case volume requirements, we did not apply for ACGME accreditation, and other.)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Out of the 16 programs that were issued surveys, 12 re- spondents completed the surveys: six ophthalmology and six ENT PDs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ten (83.3%) of the respondents did not pursue ACGME accreditation, and 2 (16.7%) of the respondents pursued ACGME accreditation but were unsuccessful in achieving accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The most common reason behind the inability of the programs to pursue or achieve accredi- tation was the lack of hospital/administrative support (7; 58.3%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other frequently selected reasons included excessive costs and lack of faculty support (5; 41.7%). \" Other\" was chosen by 50% of respondents, citing common reasons associated with the cost-benefit of accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "ACGME research and academic requirements (4, 33.3%), logistical/facility requirements (3; 25%), excessive paper- work (3; 25%), and surgical case volume requirement (2; 16.7%) were also cited as reasons for not pursuing ACGME accreditation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the relatively small sample size in this survey, data from both ophthalmology and ENT respondents' \"Other\" reasons in their nonpursuit for ACGME accreditation were aggregated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ophthalmology program respondents who chose \"Other\" cited limited office space and independent third-party consultant recommendation as their reasons not to pursue accreditation from a cost-benefit perspective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The hospital administration made a decision that reflected the consultant's recommendation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The responses of ENT pro- grams varied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One program was part of a hospital system that merged all residency programs with a nearby university and consolidated all specialties in primary care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Another program closed its ENT residency to expand other residency programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0007__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "One ENT PD stated that the sponsoring institution did not want to commit the time and money to achieve ACGME accreditation; furthermore, the PD believed that the program could have successfully attained ACGME accreditation had the hospital supported the ENT residency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When the AOA initially debated the SAS, a major concern was regarding the ability of rural programs to achieve ACGME accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nearly 30% of the 132 AOA training programs in rural locations did not achieve ACGME accreditation, the majority of which were primary care programs but also included surgical subspecialty fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Typically, the lack of access to physician care in rural communities is due to rural hospitals having trouble recruiting physicians and remaining financially viable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our survey results also reflect hospitals' financial issues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Re- spondents highlighted the lack of logistical and adminis- trative support as well as the ongoing costs to maintain AOA surgical specialty programs as significant reasons for not pursuing/receiving ACGME accreditation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We have provided four recommendations to gain a greater under- standing of and address this rural workforce issue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on our survey results, the most common issues faced by former AOA surgical subspecialty programs that failed to receive ACGME accreditation were related to finances, logistics, and administration rather than clinical and sur- gical volumes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lack of quality in programs, such as those with smaller surgical and clinical case volumes, may be logical reasons for closing former programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, it seems that surgical and clinical case volumes was not a common issue for most former AOA ENT and ophthal- mology programs because 3 of the 12 programs cited sur- gical or clinical volume as part of their decision not to pursue ACGME accreditation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Considering these results, we have recommendations that should interest PDs and Designated Institutional Of- ficials who faced similar issues in other medical spe- cialties, hospital Chief Medical Officers that supervise program transitions, residents interested in how transi- tions toward ACGME accreditation could impact their future medical education, and health policy experts examining physician access in high-need areas."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first recommendation is to expand Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Currently, the THCGME model has successfully established GME in high-need areas with high primary care physician retention rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, no such program exists for surgical pro- grams despite increasing needs for surgical subspecialties in the rural workforce."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "THCGME funding has been priori- tized to primary care specialties considering workforce supply and demand as well as an increasing national emphasis on primary care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "THCGME, however, now in- cludes surgical fields such as Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob-Gyn), and existing Ob-Gyn programs can be utilized as a model to develop ENT and ophthalmology programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second recommendation is to study other former AOA surgical subspecialty programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our findings were specific to ENT and ophthalmology programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In similar fashion, 50% of former AOA neurosurgery programs transitioned to ACGME accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, 90% of urology AOA programs are now ACGME accredited [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Systematic in- quiry is necessary to determine whether other affected surgical fields faced similar barriers transitioning to single accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It may be beneficial to study former AOA urology programs to determine which characteristics of the urology programs contributed to their high transition rate to the ACGME."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "It is important to note that among the 10 urology programs that transitioned successfully, four were in cities with a population of less than 50,000."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The third recommendation is to address the lack of insti- tutional commitment and high cost to maintaining sub- specialty programs in high-need areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To a certain extent, we propose reexamining specific ACGME requirements to accommodate former AOA residency programs to increase surgical specialty care access in high-need areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Re- quirements surrounding academic output (research pro- jects and publications), faculty size, and distance between training sites may be reexamined to reduce costs and in- crease support for these programs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To help facilitate this recommendation, we call upon the AOA and AACOM to address the previously mentioned ACGME requirements at the federal and ACGME levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The fourth recommendation is for the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to reconsider its physician reimbursement approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Currently, CMS periodically en- acts alterations to their fee schedule that involves the reallocation of funds between fields."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the last several years, including the proposed fee schedule for 2021, CMS has enacted and proposed cuts to reimbursement for all surgical subspecialties [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although increasing support from primary care specialties is essential and critical to public health, it should not come at the expense of surgical specialties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Such decline in reimbursements also contrib- uted to ENT and ophthalmology program closures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our discussions with PDs, they often mentioned that the cost of enhancing programs to meet ACGME requirements was too high for institutions to justify the investment, especially when considering declining reimbursement from public insurance entities such as CMS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Multiple institutions determined that it was more financially feasible to pursue their primary care program transitions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to the small number of osteopathic ophthalmology and ENT PDs, there is a statistical limitation on the power of our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other limitations include the lack of participa- tion of administrative stakeholders, the lack of more qualitative responses, and the lack of quantifiable data reflective of each respondent's hospital, community size, number of hospital beds, and department size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We invited the PDs to participate in this study and did not extend the survey to hospital administrative leaders; hence, we only had the PDs' impressions to trust."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our survey, we reserved a qualitative response section for PDs to express other thoughts and discussion, allowing further explana- tions regarding the reasoning behind their program's pursuit or nonpursuit for accreditation beyond the reasons they checked on the survey (e.g., costs, administrative support, research, surgical volumes, and other ACGME requirements)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, we received limited responses in this category."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All authors provided substantial contributions to conception and design, acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; all authors drafted the article or revised it critically for important intellectual content; all authors gave final approval of the version of the article to be published; and all authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "None reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5224__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5224__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read Ahmed et al. ’s recent article “AOA Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Program Closures as a Model to Highlight Challenges of Maintaining GME in High Need Areas” [1] with great interest and congratulate them on their publication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They found that previously accredited AOA ophthalmology and otolaryngology residency programs were less likely to obtain ACGME accreditation (47 and 62%, respectively) than other previously accredited AOA surgical subspecialty residency programs, such as urology (90%) [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5224__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To contribute to their findings and respond to “Recommendation #2,” [1] we found that all 10 of the current urology residencies that successfully merged to ACGME are considered community-based or community-based/university-affiliated programs [2, 3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, another study found that urology residents are more profitable than residents of other specialties [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This profitability could play a role in the decision to obtain accreditation for urology residency programs over ophthalmology or otolaryngology residency programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5224__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two of the successfully transitioned urology residency programs are affiliated with a large university that was also affiliated with five AOA ophthalmology residency programs that never obtained accreditation after the ACGME merger [3, 5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These five AOA ophthalmology residency programs contributed to 33% of all 15 AOA ophthalmology residencies in 2013 [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This accounts for more than half (62.5%) of the AOA ophthalmology residency programs that eventually did not obtain ACGME accreditation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because these five programs were all affiliated with one university, we believe that the AOA ophthalmology residency data presented by Ahmed et al. [ 1] may be misleading."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If the university had only been affiliated with one AOA ophthalmology residency program that never obtained accreditation, then the data would reflect that 7 out of 11 AOA ophthalmology residency programs would have received accreditation (64%), which is similar to that of AOA otolaryngology residency programs that successfully merged (62%) [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5224__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite these findings, we agree with the recommendations presented by Ahmed et al. [ 1] The ACGME merger appears to be a setback for osteopathic medical students interested in competitive specialties such as ophthalmology or otolaryngology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We suggest further research that investigates potential barriers and incentives within a university that may cause it to choose certain surgical subspecialty residency programs (i.e., urology) over others (i.e., ophthalmology and otolaryngology)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5224__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__response__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5224__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate the response from the authors [1] regarding our publication [2] on former American Osteopathic Association (AOA)-accredited ophthalmology and otolaryngology programs and their transition to the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree that financial factors likely influenced individual graduate medical education (GME) institutions’ decision to pursue accreditation of a particular specialty program over another."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of note, the authors mention in their letter [1] that two of the former AOA-accredited urology programs that transitioned successfully and five of the ophthalmology programs that did not transition successfully were affiliated with a single university."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Due to the affiliation of these five programs (representing 62.5% of the ophthalmology programs that did not get accredited by the ACGME per the authors) with a single institution, the authors feel that the data regarding the failure of many ophthalmology programs to successfully transition may be misleading."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They seem to suggest that since these five programs were affiliated with one university, it should be considered that only one program did not achieve accreditation rather than five."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5224__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__response__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To understand this issue, it is important to remember the nature of AOA accreditation, GME, and the Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation (COCA)-accredited medical schools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Together, these institutions previously implemented an “Osteopathic Post Graduate Training Institution (OPTI) model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "” The OPTI was a representative body composed of members from AOA affiliate organizations created to ensure that “postdoctoral training programs were operating within approved standards, rules and regulations, and were providing educational training satisfactory to the public interest” [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It was commonplace for a DO medical school to be affiliated with various independent GME programs, with a regional accreditor and oversight process, such as the OPTI."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5224__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__response__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the authors do not cite which five programs were affiliated with one university, we believe they are referring to the five programs that were affiliated as part of a “Consortium of Osteopathic Residencies in Ophthalmology (CORO)” with a single midwestern university [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The CORO was founded in 1989, predating the university’s modern statewide campus system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "CORO featured some shared academic elements, such as didactics and access to a surgical simulator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, sharing such resources was and is not unique to the CORO or even the state of Michigan, as Henry Ford ophthalmology is home to a state-of-the-art wet lab and has granted access to neighboring ophthalmology programs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5224__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5224", "paragraph_id": "triad_5224__response__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the five programs sharing a loose affiliation with a single university, these were all separate programs, independently accredited, with distinct program directors and department chairs, without interdependence on one another for accreditation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mutually exclusive nature of these five programs was so well understood that when we obtained the program roster from the American Osteopathic Colleges of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery prior to the single accreditation process, the programs were listed separately."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5224__response__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As such, we feel that the data presented in the initial study regarding the percentage of ophthalmology programs gaining ACGME accreditation is an accurate representation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5224/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3215204481_W4281654625_W4281666957", "triad_name": "triad_5224", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5224__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interoception is understood as the sensing and representation of signals concern- ing the internal state of the body [1,2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a general concept, interoception includes two forms of perception: proprioception (signals from the skin and mus- culoskeletal apparatus) and visceroception (signals from the inner organs such as heart rate, breath and hunger)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Garfinkel & Critchley [3] first emphasized the importance of differentiating between different facets of interoceptive processing, suggesting taking the following into account: objective interoceptive accuracy (IAc; e.g. behavioural testing such as performance on heartbeat perception tests), metacognitive awareness (e.g. confidence-accuracy correspondence) and subjective interoceptive sensibility (e.g. as assessed via self-report questionnaires, e.g. body perception questionnaire)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In a recent study, Garfinkel and co-workers [4] investigated these three levels of processing and could demonstrate that sig- nificant correlations between dimensions emerged only within the subgroup of individuals with higher IAc."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They suggest that the relative balance of accuracy, sensibility and awareness dimensions could explain cognitive, emotional and clinical associations of interoceptive ability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Referring to the study of Garfinkel et al. [ 4], IAc might be the core ability within the construct of interoception underpinning other interoceptive measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Individuals differ substantially in measures of IAc, the ability to consciously per- ceive signals arising from the body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Measuring a person's ability to perceive and & 2016 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All rights reserved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "accurately report one's heartbeats at rest is often used to quan- tify these differences [1,5-9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Other methods exist targeting the gastrointestinal or respiratory system [10-14], but only a few studies have investigated interoceptive abilities across different organ systems [10,15], suggesting that interoceptive abilities are associated across modalities to a certain extent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The neural substrates of the distinct facets of interoceptive processing are still poorly understood."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The insular cortex plays a major role as a cortical projection area of viscerosensory input [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Receiving direct viscerosensory input from the thalamus, the posterior and mid insular cortices are implicated as the primary viscerosensory cortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, other cortical (e.g. ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, somatosensory cortices) and subcortical (e.g. ventral striatum) regions as parts of the 'interoceptive neural network' also receive ascending interoceptive inputs to support the regu- lation of physiology and behaviour [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Khalsa et al. [ 18] further emphasized that next to insula and anterior cingulate cortices, primary and secondary somatosensory cortices inner- vating the skin of the chest area are also essential for the self-report of cardiac sensations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pollatos et al. [ 19] showed that IAc as assessed by the heartbeat perception task according to Schandry [9] was positively correlated with blood-oxygen- level dependent (BOLD) activity at right insula, inferior parietal lobule and the medial frontal gyrus extending into the cingulate gyrus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Critchley et al. [ 5] used a heartbeat dis- crimination task and could demonstrate that interoceptive attention was associated with activation in anterior insula, lat- eral somatomotor and adjacent parietal cortices, anterior cingulate and supplementary motor cortices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "IAc was strongest related to activity in right anterior insula/operculum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Impor- tantly, the authors also examined interoceptive sensibility using questionnaire data and found positive correlations of subscales of the body perception questionnaire with anterior insula activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Till now, existing research has been mainly based on correlational findings, and the effects of causal manipulation of brain activity in interoceptive areas by means of brain stimulation remain unknown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Therefore, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a way to experimentally manipulate brain activity in regions associated with certain aspects of interoceptive signal proces- sing that might also be used as an innovative technique in several clinical groups characterized by alternations of inter- oceptive processing such as depression, eating disorders or anxiety disorders [6,12,20 -23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The so-called heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is another methodology for examining the cortical processing of cardiac afferent signals and assessing individual differences in interoceptive processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "HEPs are related to the automatic processing of cardiac information, and were initially thought to be independent of attentional processes involved in perceiv- ing or detecting internal signals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The measurement of HEPs uses methods analogous to other evoked potentials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Typically, electrocortical (encephalographic, EEG) activity is averaged to individual heartbeats, using the electrocardiogram (ECG) R-wave [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Individual differences in HEP amplitude are related to IAc, as shown using heartbeat counting tasks [8,25-27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The sources of the HEP have been localized to insu- lar, somatosensory, rostral cingulate and prefrontal cortices [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Because afferent signals from the cardiovascular system con- tinuously reach cortical structures, HEP amplitudes assessed during rest can be interpreted as indicators of central represen- tation of cardiac interoceptive signals independent of overt attention or conscious awareness of cardiac sensations [28]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0007__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, the HEPs are one way to objectively measure one basic aspect of automatic afferent interoceptive processing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this context, two recent models of neural structures ser- ving interoceptive processes and their connections to emotions are of great interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A recent multihierarchical model of emotion processing proposed by Smith & Lane [29] suggests distinctions between discrete body features rep- resented in somatosensory cortices, posterior insula, nucleus of the tractus solitarii, hypothalamic nuclei and the para- brachial nucleus, while so-called whole-body patterns are represented in the mid and anterior insula."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Emotional con- cepts then occur by appraisal mechanisms involving other brain regions such as the anterior cingulate and the medial prefrontal cortices that refer to this mapping of the body- state."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is a multistage interoceptive/somatosensory process by which these body state patterns are detected and assigned conceptual emotional meaning [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These assumptions are in accordance with other studies showing that the insular cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play crucial roles in connecting interoceptive processes and emotions [24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Their activation was found to be modulated by cognitive [30] and emotional factors in several studies [31,32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This view is also in accordance with recent findings from interoception research [33,34] suggesting that subjective appraisal of interoceptive sig- nals reflect processes independent of interoceptive perception accuracy and are related to mechanisms of self-regulation and top-down control."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A second branch of models refers to assumptions of pre- dictive coding with respect to interoceptive processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Friston et al. [ 35- 37] suggested that proprioceptive and kinaesthetic perceptions of the body arise from predictions through the same computational principles of active inference as do visual and auditory perceptions of the external world."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comparable ideas on predictive coding have been summar- ized and used by Seth et al. [ 38] in order to outline how interoception is associated with conscious presence and its disturbances."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The core concept of this model is that a sense of presence arises when informative interoceptive prediction signals are successfully matched to inputs, so that prediction errors are suppressed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Brain areas contributing to interocep- tive predictive coding include specific brainstem, subcortical and cortical (insular, orbitofrontal, anterior cingulate) regions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Seth et al. [ 38] suggest that these regions potentially form at least a loose hierarchy: posterior and mid insula sup- port the primary cortical representation of interoceptive signals, with the anterior insula operating as a comparator error module (see [5,39,40])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Up to now, only a few studies exist testing whether damage or disturbance of critical neural structures involved in intero- ceptive processing leads to assumed deficits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ronchi et al. [ 41] demonstrated in one patient that IAc as measured by the heart- beat detection task by Schandry was decreased after right insula resection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Terasawa and co-workers [42] also found reduced IAc in patients suffering from insula damage."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Up to today, there is no study that has investigated whether an experimental approach using TMS might affect interoception comprising different aspects and levels of interoceptive processing."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here, we investigated whether interoceptive processes were disturbed by TMS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Depending on the parameters of stimulation, it has been suggested that repetitive TMS may either increase or decrease the excitability of the targeted corti- cal structure (see [43-45])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As Huang and co-workers [44] rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "B 371: 20160016 summarized, several studies have shown that when delivered over the primary motor cortex (M1), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) decreases M1 excitability when delivered in a continuous fashion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eighteen healthy young male partici- pants received either cTBS over right insular and right somatosensory cortices or sham stimulation over occipital areas before performing heartbeat detection and a respiratory load estimation task."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, the HEP during heartbeat perception (as the most objective marker of automatic proces- sing of cardiac information), assessed after stimulation, was also examined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We hypothesized that cTBS over somatosen- sory and insular cortices would yield a decrease in accuracy of interoceptive signal processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We also hypothesized a deflation of the HEP amplitude after somatosensory and insula stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An alternation of the emotional aspects of interoceptive signals was hypothesized after insula inhibition only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A modulation of interoceptive sensibility was assumed after insula stimulation, as this facet refers especially to 'whole-body' patterns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whether confidence of interoceptive signal processing is affected by cTBS over insula and somato- sensory cortices should be assessed in an exploratory fashion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eighteen healthy male participants were recruited by advertise- ment at the University of Ulm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mean age was 23.9 years (s.d. 2.9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In order to reduce variance owing to menstrual cycle [46,47], we recruited males only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The sample was not selected with respect to any other criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They gave written informed consent prior to the study and received compensation of E60."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Exclusion criteria were history of brain injury, past or current psychiatric or neurological disorders, severe somatic illness or intake of medication as assessed by anamnestic questionnaire."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Experiments were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki with the approval of the local ethics committee."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants were informed about the study by staff and they received written information about the experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At each data collection time, participants were examined at the labora- tories of the Clinical and Health Psychology department in Ulm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, there was a screening session in which the tasks used in the stimulation sessions were introduced and they were made familiar with the TMS procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At this screening, exclusion criteria and important side effects of cTBS were explained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From 20 participants screened, 18 took part in the main experiment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the first session of the main experiment, the participants were seated in a sound-attenuated chamber, which was connected to the neighbouring equipment room by intercom."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Passive electrodes for EEG (32 channels using a cap, see below), ECG, respiration (belt), electromyography (EMG) (first dorsal interosseous, FDI; muscle of the left hand) and elec- trooculograms (EOG) were attached and individual resting motor threshold was assessed over left primary motor cortex using a PowerMAG 100 stimulator (Mag & More, Munich, Germany) with biphasic pulses and a figure-of-eight coil (PMD70)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, optimal cortical representation of FDI muscle (motor hot spot) was assessed by determining a coil position over the EEG cap yielding the highest amplitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Resting motor threshold (MEPs . 100 mV in at least 5/10 trials, cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "[ 48]) was determined, and cTBS intensity was calibrated to 80% of resting motor threshold in accordance with former studies [49]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This value was then used for all stimulation protocols of the participant including the second and third experimental session."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All three experimen- tal sessions were identical to the first one except for the fact that the motor threshold was assessed only at the first session."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The stimulation site (right insular, right somatosensory cortices or central occipital cortex as sham location) was selected using a randomized protocol for all three experimental sessions, i.e. each participant was stimulated three times in a repea- ted measurements design with identical test protocols."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experimental procedure is depicted in figure 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Coil position for each stimulation site was located on the basis of the 10/20 system supplied by the EEG cap (see below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Optimal coil positions with respect to the 10/20 system were derived in the following way: TMS neuronavigation (PowerMag View) was used with standard head model, and the positions derived were vali- dated in two subjects prior to the experimental sessions using their structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images while wearing an EEG cap to define coil positions targeting the three stimulation sites (see also [50,51])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Target areas of stimulation were obtained using MRI structural information and an MRI atlas as depicted in figure 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(a) The right anterior insula was reached with a coil position over frontotemporal locations building a triangle corresponding to EEG positions FT10, F8, FC6, pointing to FT8 (F6/AF8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( b) The primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, chest/trunk location, were reached with the centre of the coil within a triangle corresponding to EEG positions CPZ, C2 and CP4, directed to CZ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Primary and secondary somatosensory cortices of the trunk are not distinguishable by means of TMS navigation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( c) Central occi- pital cortex (V2/V3) was reached with the coil placed over OZ, directed straight to the horizontal plane."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In all experimental ses- sions, the coil was placed according to these EEG coordinates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Coil positioning and TMS target areas are depicted in figure 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experimental design is summarized in figure 1 and was the following: first, participants had to rest for 5 min, while baseline measures (heart rate, breathing) were recorded with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They then filled in an interoceptive sensibility state questionnaire designed to assess the momentary subjec- tive perception of bodily sensations focusing on the perception of five bodily systems (heart beat, respiratory functions, trembling, temperature/sweating, gastrointestinal sensations; see examples in the electronic supplementary material, Methods section)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Next, the cTBS took place with 600 pulses applied in 40 s (bursts of three pulses at 50 Hz every 200 ms (5 Hz)) over one of three locations according to the random scheme."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After stimulation, par- ticipants were asked to fill in the interoceptive sensibility state questionnaire once again."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Then, the heartbeat detection task took place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During the first heartbeat perception task, EEG was also assessed and later used for HEP analyses (see below)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Four heartbeat counting phases of the mental tracking method were used (see [8,9] and also the electronic supplementary material)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "After each trial, they were asked to report their confidence of their estimation using a nine-point Likert scale, where one endpoint was labelled 'no confidence at all', and the other endpoint was 'complete confi- dence' (see [4])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "At the end of the task, the participants were asked to evaluate their feelings during heartbeat perception (cardiac inter- oceptive evaluation; see the electronic supplementary material)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "IAc was calculated as the mean heartbeat perception score according to the following transformation 1 4 X 1 À ðjrecorded heartbeats À counted heartbeatsjÞ recorded heartbeats : IAc scores typically range from 0 to 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Higher scores indicate small differences between the counted and recorded heartbeat and consequently a better IAc."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The respiratory load estimation task took place next."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As no standard test for IAc in the respiratory system exists, we designed a task similar to the one used by Petersen et al. [ 11,12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The task rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "B 371: 20160016 manipulated breathing effort via respiratory load by switching the diameter of a breathing device (Pari PEP w S-system) resulting in varying expiratory resistance (diameters 1-5 mm, eight levels, in 0.5 mm steps diameter change)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Participants were instructed to maximally expire with constant flow as naturally as possible and not to apply high levels of effort or force in doing so; as the resist- ance levels applied were rather low, the impact of breathing flow or effort on performance is expected to be negligible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Participants were asked to judge respiratory effort on an eight-point Likert scale, using the highest and lowest loads as anchors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0032__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Several train- ing intervals were used to make the participants familiar with the range of the scale used."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The test then used six trials with varying diameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A respiratory accuracy score was calculated analogous to the heartbeat perception task, using the weighted difference scores of the six trials according to the following formula 1 À P 6 k¼1 jestimated resistance À objective resistancej 2625 ðmean difference with random distribution of errors) : Identical to the heartbeat detection, participants rated confidence after each trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the end of the task, participants reported valence, arousal and anxiety when attending to their respiratory functions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Afterwards, another paradigm was used that will be not reported here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first session lasted about 2 h, the second and third sessions lasted about 90 min."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the heartbeat perception task, EEG activity was recorded continuously from 32 leads (FP1, FPZ, FP2, AF3, AFZ, AF4, F7, F5, Fz, F6, F8, FC5, FCZ, FC6, C5, C1, CZ, C2, C6, CP5, CP1, CPZ, CP2, CP6, P5, PZ, P6, PO3, PO4, O1, OZ, O2), using the Easy-Cap electrode system (Falk Minow Services, Germany) with non-polarizable passive Ag/AgCl electrodes at equidistant positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cz served as a reference and the ground electrode was attached at electrode position F4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Horizontal and vertical EOGs were recorded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Impedances were maintained below 5 kV. The signals were amplified using an active amplifier system (Brain Products, Germany) and digitized at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "ECG was measured with non-polarizable Ag/AgCl electrodes placed at the right clavicula and left chest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "ECG, EMG and respiration were recorded equivalent to the EEG using an amplifier system (Brain Products, Germany) and were digitized at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All steps of EEG analysis were conducted with the BRAIN VISION ANALYZER v. 2.1 (Brain Products, Germany)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ECG R- waves were detected either automatically online or offline semiautomatically in ECG raw data for later EEG averaging."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "EEG was visually inspected and filtered (0.05- 20 Hz)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "EEG data were examined for ocular, muscular and other sources of artefacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Trials were rejected from the analysis if the voltage exceeded + 50 mV ms 21 in any channel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "EEG data were segmen- ted relative to the detected R-wave triggers, whereby segments were built in epochs ranging from 200 ms before the R-wave trig- ger to 800 ms after the R-wave trigger."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "After baseline correction (200 ms pre R-wave trigger as baseline), average HEP waves were computed of R-triggered EEG segments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0036__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "HEP amplitude analyses were conducted in accordance with former studies, using a time window of 400 - 600 ms after R-wave during which the electric field artefact is assumed to be negligible (see [52,53])."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data analyses were performed with the program SPSS (v. 22)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Referring to the cardiac and respiratory system, separate repeated- measures ANOVAs were calculated with the factors location (I, S, O) examining IAc, confidence and interoceptive evaluation (valence, arousal, anxiety)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, interoceptive sensibility was examined with the factors location (I, S, O) and time (pre- stimulation, post-stimulation)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For HEP analyses, we selected frontocentral electrodes with highest HEP amplitudes for statistical evaluation and conducted repeated-measures ANOVAs with the factors location (I, S, O) and electrode."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Statistical significance levels reported correspond to p-values less than 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "B 371: 20160016 respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the Results section, uncorrected F-values are reported together with the Greenhouse-Geiser epsilon values and corrected degrees of freedom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In case of multiple comparisons, we used the Bonferroni correction to adjust the alpha errors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mean obtained heartbeat perception scores for the three locations are summarized in figure 2 depicting the locations I, S and O. We observed a significant main effect of location (F 2,34 ¼ 6.67; p , 0.01; h 2 ¼ 0.28; 1 ¼ 0.80): post hoc Bonferroni corrected comparisons revealed that IAc was significantly lower after stimulation over right insula as well as over right somatosensory cortices when compared with occipital stimulation ( ps , 0.05)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 3 summarizes the mean obtained confidence scores for the three locations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observed a significant main effect of location (F 2,34 ¼ 6.36; p , 0.01; h 2 ¼ 0.27; 1 ¼ 0.87): confidence was significantly lower after insula stimulation when com- pared with somatosensory stimulation ( p , 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No other significant differences were observed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Valence, arousal and anxiety during heartbeat perception are summarized in table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Referring to anxiety, a significant main effect of location (F 2,34 ¼ 6.36; p , 0.01; h 2 ¼ 0.27; 1 ¼ 0.87) showed that after insula cTBS anxiety was significantly higher when compared with both other locations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Respiratory IAc scores are depicted in figure 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observed a significant main effect of location (F 2,34 ¼ 3.44; p , 0.05; h 2 ¼ 0.17; 1 ¼ 0.58)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Post hoc Bonferroni corrected comparisons revealed that IAc was significantly lower after stimulation over right insula when compared with occipital stimulation ( p , 0.05), whereas the observed smaller IAc after somatosensory cTBS did not reach significance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Cardiac and respiratory IAc were positively correlated after cTBS over somatosensory cortex (r ¼ 0.39, p , 0.05), whereas correlation coefficients for the other locations were not significant (occipital: r ¼ 0.18, p ¼ 0.24; insula: r ¼ 0.25, p ¼ 0.16)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 3 summarizes the mean obtained confidence scores for the three locations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observed a significant main effect of location (F 2,34 ¼ 6.14; p , 0.05; h 2 ¼ 0.27; 1 ¼ 0.77): confidence was significantly lower after cTBS over right anterior insula when compared with occipital stimulation ( p , 0.05)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Valence, arousal and anxiety during respiratory load estimation are summarized in table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No significant effects were observed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mean obtained IS scores are summarized in figure 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observed a significant main effect of time (F 1,17 ¼ 9.84; p , 0.01; h 2 ¼ 0.37; 1 ¼ 0.84) and a significant interaction for location  time (F 2,34 ¼ 4.99; p , 0.05; h 2 ¼ 0.23; 1 ¼ 0.61)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Post hoc tests showed that mean IS increased only after insula and somatosensory stimulation when compared with before cTBS stimulation (I: F 1,17 ¼ 19.95; p , 0.001; h 2 ¼ 0.54; 1 ¼ 0.99; S: F 1,17 ¼ 8.46; p , 0.01; h 2 ¼ 0.33; 1 ¼ 0.78)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Mean HEPs distribution and HEP amplitudes (at right fronto- central and central locations) are depicted in figure 5 contrasting the three cTBS locations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Owing to technical problems, only 15 complete datasets could be included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After visual inspection of the data, we selected FC6 and C6 (in accordance with former research also reporting the most pronounced HEP amplitudes at frontocentral rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "B 371: 20160016 and central locations [8,54]) as the electrodes for statistical analyses."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The repeated-measures ANOVA yielded significant main effects for location (F 2,28 ¼ 3.95; p , 0.05; h 2 ¼ 0.22; 1 ¼ 0.57)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Post hoc Bonferroni corrected comparisons revealed that the HEP amplitude was significantly lower after stimulation over right insula when compared with occipital stimulation ( p , 0.05), whereas the observed smaller HEP amplitude after somatosensory cTBS when compared with occipital stimu- lation did not reach significance (trend level at C6: p ¼ 0.08)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study showed differential effects for IAc, interoceptive sensibility, subjective feelings and confidence judgements evoked by cTBS of right anterior insular and right somato- sensory cortices (S1 -S2, chest region)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As hypothesized, compared with inhibition of occipital cortices as a reference condition, cTBS of right anterior insula and right somatosen- sory cortices resulted in a significant decline in cardiac IAc, while only cTBS of right anterior insula significantly reduced respiratory IAc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Cardiac and respiratory accuracy were posi- tively correlated after cTBS over the somatosensory location, whereas for the two remaining locations, correlation coeffi- cients were not significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Larger sample sizes are needed to support our interpretation that similar to observed corre- lations between perception accuracy in the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system [10,15], there is a comparable, but weaker association between these two inner systems."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Whether confidence of interoceptive signal processing is affected by cTBS over insula and somatosensory cortices was assessed in an exploratory fashion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Interestingly, analyses of confidence judgements of participants' perception accuracy demonstrated that individuals' confidence judgements were reduced after anterior insula stimulation for both cardiac and respiratory signals, whereas somatosensory inhibition affected only cardiac confidence in the opposite direction, i.e. here par- ticipants were more convinced of having accurately perceived their heartbeats although objective perception accuracy declined."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These results suggest that while inhibition of anterior insula reduces both IAc and confidence judgements in a consist- ent way, inhibition of somatosensory cortices is associated with a dissociation of these processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This interpretation is in rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "B 371: 20160016 accordance with assumptions proposed by Garfinkel and co- workers [4] highlighting that the relative balance of accuracy, sensibility and awareness dimensions could account for cogni- tive, emotional and clinical associations of interoceptive ability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Going beyond IAc, cTBS of right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices led to an immediate increase in interoceptive sensibility as assessed by self-report."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As former studies found a correlation between insula activation and sensibility [5], and this facet of interoceptive processing refers especially to the idea of 'whole-body' patterns as intro- duced by Smith & Lane [29], a modulation of interoceptive sensibility was assumed to occur after insula stimulation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The fact that cTBS inhibiting somatosensory cortices also modulated interoceptive sensibility in the same direction as cTBS over right anterior insula highlights that, within the assumed hierarchical structure of interoception, hampering a region processing a discrete body feature leads to greater 'noise' in the whole system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Referring to predictive coding [38], the anterior insula is the key error module that might detect such 'noise' in the system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This might then lead to an increase of attentional processes examining ongoing dis- crete body sensations and therefore explain why our participants were more aware of a variety of bodily sen- sations including cardiac and respiratory functions, but also trembling, temperature/sweating and gastrointestinal sen- sations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The latter underscores that effects of cTBS definitely occurred and affected bodily sensations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As hypothesized, an alternation of the emotional aspects of interoceptive signals as captured by the interoceptive evaluation was modulated only in relation to anxiety after inhibition of anterior insula."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This underpins its pivotal role for processes related to anticipation of aversive stimuli or anxiety disorders [55]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to the model of Smith & Lane [29], it might be argued that inhibiting anterior insula functions could have primarily disturbed 'whole-body pat- terns' and therefore, the reduction of IAc becomes evident or conscious to the participants, leading to a corresponding decline in metacognitive beliefs of perception security."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In a similar way, together with models of 'interoceptive predic- tion error', this could explain the increases of self-reported subjective feelings of anxiety and arousal and more aver- sive feelings after inhibition of anterior insula."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Considering the role of the insula in integrating bodily representations, affective and cognitive representations and expectations, dis- turbance of its function should evoke an incoherence or mismatch of the patterns of ongoing real-time basic body feedbacks, subjective feelings and beliefs about it, as well as predictions of bodily reactions based on experience."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This disturbance of the interoceptive network in its basic function, as subserved by the insula, may thus induce feelings of gen- eral discomfort, arousal and anxiety, i.e. feelings of a vague conscious notion that an otherwise intact interplay bet- ween these processes and its neuroanatomical basis has been disturbed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our results support the notion that the anterior insula is also a key structure for metacognitive awareness of interocep- tive processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This interpretation is in accordance with Farb et al. [ 56], who suggested that anterior insula activity during interoception may reflect endogenous attention demands associated with manipulation of interoception at the level of conscious awareness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, there is evidence that the insular cortex supports different levels of representation of cur- rent and predictive states and that anterior insula activity may also reflect feelings of general uncertainty during interoception [57]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the EPIC model of Barrett & Simmons [58], intero- ceptive perception is largely a construction of beliefs that are kept in check by the actual state of the body."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is achieved by an 'interoceptive system' in the frontal cortex including the cingulate and the anterior insula [58] and could explain why anterior insula inhibition could also affect the whole interoceptive system including the beliefs about one's accuracy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This also fits with assumptions of the interoceptive pre- dictive coding model of conscious presence in which the anterior insula is the likely locus of a key neural comparator mechanism [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This view might also explain why an inhi- bition of somatosensory cortices does not systematically reduce confidence as demonstrated for cardiac and respirat- ory signals in this study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Leaving the anterior insula function intact does not compromise the basic integration of 'whole-body' representations, including feelings of general discomfort as described above; however, it disturbs another process that is possibly related to the evaluation/appraisal and expectations of and the matching to on-going discrete bodily reactions that have been suggested to be associated with somatosensory cortices [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, tactile input from the chest might play a role in the detection of heartbeat."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While it is clear that the mechanical contraction of the myocardium generates the stimuli for heartbeat detection, the convergence of cardiac with somatosensory afferences during the transmission of information results in subjects localizing cardiac sensations in those parts of the body that share afferent trajectories with the heart."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because cutaneous sensations are more distinctly rep- resented than visceral sensations and therefore more discriminable, sensations originating in the viscera are often referred to the skin [59]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, hampering somatosensory input from the chest region might affect cardiac perception to a greater extent than is the case for respiratory perception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Favouring this assumption, Khalsa et al. [ 18] demonstrated that somatosensory afferents from the skin can also contrib- ute to cardiac judgements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Another reason why effects on the respiratory load estimation task and related measures of confidence and evaluation were less pronounced might refer to the fact that we applied a fixed order (figure 1), with assessment of the respiratory system always after the car- diovascular system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0058__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although the prior parts of the experiment were rather short (about 8 -10 min), and though there are several studies showing that cTBS effects last at least 20 min or significantly longer [44,60], it cannot be ruled out that the effects of cTBS were already diminish- ing when compared with the assessment of interoceptive processes in the cardiovascular system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Following Smith & Lane [29], discrete body features are represented in somatosensory cortices and disturbing these discrete features might affect the relative balance of accuracy, sensibility and confidence dimensions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Favouring this assump- tion, both insula and somatosensory stimulation led to an increase of interoceptive sensibility as assessed by question- naire."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The HEP as a marker quantifying basic processes of automatic cardiac signal processing was found to be reduced after inhibition of anterior insula."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We suppose that the HEP pri- marily mirrored bottom-up guided automatic cardiac signal processing [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As sources of the HEP are located in insular, somatosensory, cingulate and prefrontal cortices (see [7]), both cTBS locations might affect these HEP generators."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0059__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The observed HEP modulation goes along with a reduction of IAc on a behavioural level for cardiac signals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An additional hint that the interplay between different levels of interoceptive processes was affected might be the fact that cardiac IAc was not correlated to the HEP amplitude at central and frontocentral locations as observed in some former studies [8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mirroring behavioural results, effects on the HEP amplitude were more pronounced after insula cTBS suggesting that at least during overt attention to one's heart- beats-there was no baseline or rest condition after cTBS to compare with-this region might be more crucial for the inte- gration of cardiac signals as inhibition of right somatosensory cortices affected the HEP amplitude to a lower extent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This assumption confirms ideas that the ability to be 'aware' of interoceptive signals is thought to depend upon further propa- gation of interoceptive signals to the anterior insula, which has been argued to reflect the integration of afferent physiological signals with higher-order contextual information [17,61], thereby becoming consciously accessible, enabling a subjective affective experience or feeling state [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several issues to be critically discussed in this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One essential point is that there is no guarantee of reaching the anterior insula with a TMS coil positioned over the skull."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We would argue that the effects obtained seem to be specific enough and in accordance with proposed theoretical models to say that anterior parts of the right insula were indeed targeted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, further support stems from research on the auditory cortex where the topographic situ- ation is directly comparable to the attempts to stimulate primary auditory cortex in the case of tinnitus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It has been shown that chronic tinnitus with a functional correlate in pri- mary auditory cortex can be modulated by rTMS [62,63], despite the larger distance of the coil to the primary auditory cortex ( planum temporale [64])."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because we compared effects from the frontal stimulation site with two other sites, we are sure that the frontal effects are not unspecific but related to the particular stimulation site, at least close to the anterior insula."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important limitation refers to the fact that there were no baseline assessments of the HEP and the IAc tasks before the respective stimulation of brain areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we already used a repeated measurements design with three ses- sions per participant, we wanted to reduce effects of repetition on all tasks used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other experimental set-ups asses- sing only one or two locations in each participant and using a between-group design might be used in future to address this issue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important limitation refers to the fact that IAc in this opportunistic sample was higher than in other studies [65-67]; after occipital stimulation, the observed mean score was 0.77 when compared with, for example, 0.69 observed in a large sample of more than 400 healthy participants [66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A cause for this might be that we assessed only male participants who have higher IAc in some studies [1,68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It might also be the case that the TMS procedure itself increased stress and sym- pathetic activation which then, in turn, could facilitate heartbeat rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org Phil."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Trans. R. Soc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "B 371: 20160016 detection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Other studies could show that a sympathetic increase as induced by short-term food deprivation [33] or physical stress [69] increased IAc."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Future studies should therefore use more participants with a greater distribution of IAc to examine whether TMS effects interact with the absolute level of IAc as found for the interplay of different interoceptive levels in a former study [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0064__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We nevertheless argue that changes in intero- ceptive processes on various levels, as well as modulation of the HEP amplitude, are favouring the interpretation that also in a sample with substantially lower IAc similar effects are to be expected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another limitation is that this study concentrated on right lateral effects of cTBS on structures of the interoceptive network."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This can be explained by the fact that right anterior insula has been identified as the most significant site that is strongly related to IAc [5,19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The right-hemisphere anterior insular cortex provides one cortical focus for the integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals [17,70] and this region has been proposed as a neural substrate for self-awareness in the form of the 'material me' [71]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This may be most relevant for effects of interoceptive metacognition and interoceptive sen- sibility, and their relation to effects of IAc, as there is ample evidence for hemispheric laterality of emotion processing and cognitive functions as well as interhemispheric interplay [72]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, this is the first study that has demonstrated that cTBS inhibiting right anterior insula and right somatosen- sory cortices efficiently disturbs different facets of interoceptive processing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Inhibiting anterior insula resulted in a signifi- cant decline in cardiac and respiratory IAc and in a coherent decrease in perception security."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "cTBS over somatosensory cortices reduced cardiac IAc and affected metacognitive aware- ness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Inhibiting right anterior insula and right somatosensory cortices increased interoceptive sensibility."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The HEP, as marker of automatic cardiac signal processing, was decreased after cTBS over right anterior insula."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our findings strongly suggest that cTBS is indeed an effective tool to investigate the neural network supporting interoceptive processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0066__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, it remains to be further elucidated why cardiac and respira- tory perception did not perfectly match and how long TMS effects on interoceptive signal processing remain detectable."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Obviously, future studies should include a broader range of interoceptive tasks as well as a longer observation interval and should also consider potential differential effects of hemispheric laterality when investigating the function of inter- oceptive target regions of the brain via stimulation techniques."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As interoceptive processes are altered in several psychopatho- logic syndromes [6,12,21-23], brain stimulation techniques are a promising tool for interventions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While cTBS is used to inhibit certain brain regions, other TMS protocols could be applied to improve the access to bodily sensations and empower concomi- tant therapeutic approaches as demonstrated for various disorders, e.g. in the decrease of relapse rates in depression [73]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More clinical research is needed to further elucidate future therapeutic avenues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ethical approval by the local ethics board was obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Written informed consent was obtained."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3253__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the field of interoception research, one outstanding question is the precise nature of the neural networks underlying interoceptive processing [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The anterior insula (AI) is a key component of contemporary interoception models [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, most evidence implicating the AI in interoceptive processing is correlational and it remains unclear what its precise role in interoception is."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This issue was tackled by Pollatos and co-workers [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Using an inhibitory form of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), they aimed to provide causal evidence for the involvement of the AI in interoception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The main results suggest that stimulation aiming to inhibit the AI or the somatosensory cortex disrupted performance, and confidence in this performance, for interoceptive tasks relative to stimulation applied to an occipital control site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The same stimulation also altered the heartbeat evoked potential (HEP), an EEG measure thought to index cortical processing of one’s heartbeats [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The authors interpreted these findings as the impairment of certain aspects of interoceptive processing following cTBS to the right AI, concluding that “cTBS is an effective tool to investigate the neural network supporting interoceptive processes” [3, p. 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This study should be commended for its originality, the use of a within-subject design, and multiple concurrent multimodal measures of interoceptive processing."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0069__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, two critical issues cast doubt on the conclusions that can be drawn from these data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3253__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 10, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [10, 10, 10], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The AI is a deep cortical region, positioned behind frontal cortical regions (including the inferior frontal gyrus and operculum)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because of the AI’s neuroanatomical position and depth, it is doubtful that TMS could directly reach this region with the parameters used by Pollatos and co-workers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While anatomically near regions to the AI such as the auditory cortex have been targeted in other areas of research (e.g. using TMS to modulate tinnitus symptoms [5]), it is unclear whether the observed effects are due to stimulation of deeper regions or more lateral association areas that are more likely to be modulated by TMS (e.g. [6,7])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "TMS administered using a figure-of-eight coil is thought to only stimulate brain regions 1.5–3 cm below the scalp [8], while insula depth is estimated at 4–5 cm [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Direct stimulation to the cortical depth of the AI may be achieved using double-cone or helmet-shaped coils, although focality of the electrical field is compromised in comparison with superficial cortical stimulation [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To establish if TMS could reach the AI with the stimulation parameters employed by Pollatos and co-workers, we used the SimNIBS software [10] to run calculations of the electric field induced using these parameters."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "All parameters and results of this simulation are accessible online (https://osf.io/5qbcs/)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As shown in figure 1, the results of this simulation suggest that with these stimulation parameters, only a negligible portion of the electric field reaches the AI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In their discussion, the authors concede that “there is no guarantee of reaching the AI with a TMS coil positioned over the skull” (p. 8), but then argue that their pattern of results seems specific enough to say that the anterior part of the insula was indeed targeted."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0070__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In the light of our simulation results, we contend that it is unlikely that AI activity was directly influenced by the stimulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3253__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We therefore suggest two possible reinterpretations of Pollatos and co-workers’ results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, it is possible that the AI may have been indirectly disrupted via inhibition of cortical regions it is connected to."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, there is evidence that TMS can affect activity of deeper regions through stimulation of connected cortical areas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, cTBS to other frontal regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) has been shown to indirectly suppress insula activation through modulation of fronto-insular connectivity ([11], see also [12])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As direct stimulation of the AI in Pollatos et al. ’s experiment was unlikely, one reinterpretation of this data is that worsening of interoceptive performance was the result of indirect modulation of AI activity, via inhibition of more superficial cortical regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Alternatively, affected regions in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex may make a unique contribution to interoceptive processes (indeed, the frontal opercular regions are also activated during interoception tasks; see [13,14]), or during non-interoceptive aspects of interoception tasks."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These cortical regions are considered to play an important role in language and decision-making [15,16], disruption to which could feasibly have impacted on the tasks used by Pollatos and co-workers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0071__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Without control tasks however, the nature of this disruption is unclear, leading us onto our second point: it is unclear whether affected performance on the interoception tasks was specific to interoception, or reflective of a more general transient cognitive impairment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3253__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Future researchers wishing to use similar methods to examine the role of brain regions in interoceptive processing will of course need to consider which control tasks best suit their experimental question, but it is crucial to use a control task that is similar in nature and difficulty to the interoceptive tasks in order to ensure that decrease in performance is not related to alteration of general processes such as attention, memory or sensation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such tasks include, but are not limited to, time estimation [17], tone perception [18] and tactile perception [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The absence of a control condition is also problematic for the EEG measures used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, the authors measured the HEP over right fronto-central sites close to the AI and somatosensory stimulation sites, but further from the occipital control site."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is therefore possible that cTBS over the right fronto-central areas altered the electrical brain response of these areas in a non-specific manner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0072__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To claim that the disruption of electrocortical potentials caused by the stimulation is specific to the HEP, it is necessary to show that stimulation effects are not generalized to other non-interoceptive evoked potentials (e.g. visual or somatosensory evoked potentials)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3253__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, non-invasive neurostimulation is arguably one of the most informative tools available in cognitive neuroscience and has certainly been underused in the study of interoception."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The recent report of Pollatos and co-workers is in this regard an innovative exploratory study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__critique__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, we wish to emphasize that stimulating the AI using this technique is a challenging endeavour, and should be carried out with appropriate cautions and control conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3253__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 6, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We want to respond to the two main points raised by Coll, Penton and Hobson as comment on our article ‘Changes in interoceptive processes following brain stimulation’ [1,2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, we want to discuss in more detail the question raised by Coll and co-workers in their comment, namely which regions were stimulated by our set-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We are grateful to the authors providing results of a simulation of field distribution using SimNIBS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, as we already addressed in the discussion of our article, we cannot be sure that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) directly reaches the anterior insula (AI)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We also refer to the arguments already discussed in our article, but especially important for this issue: The topographic situation when stimulating the AI is directly comparable with the attempts to stimulate primary auditory cortex in the case of tinnitus referring to the auditory cortex. And it has been shown that chronic tinnitus can be modulated by rTMS [3,4], despite the larger distance of the coil to the primary auditory cortex (planum temporale, e.g. [5])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0074__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, field simulation only demonstrates field distribution relative to a given range."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3253__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As it is not yet possible to determine a threshold for a cortical stimulation site (with the exception of primary motor cortex and visual cortex) we do not know down to which relative field strength neurons respond to the TMS pulses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Using the field model provided by Coll, Penton and Hobson in their comment, we compared the field distribution windowed from 0 to 2.2 (maximum of norm E-field) with a window from 0 to 1 norm E-field (figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, at least the upper part of the AI is directly reached by a field strength of about 0.5, about a quarter of the maximum norm E-field."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Of course, large parts of prefrontal and temporal cortex covering the insula are exposed to a higher field strength."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0075__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We can neither exclude a trans-synaptic activation of the AI from prefrontal cortex closer to the skull, nor a direct contribution of areas exposed under the coil to the observed effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3253__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second main point refers to the question whether these effects are specific to interoceptive processes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors argue that the study lacks a control condition not related to interoceptive processes targeting attention processes or working memory performance in general that might be affected by frontal stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We want to argue against the claim that attention processes or working memory performance in general might underlie the observed results after frontal stimulation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Effects of inhibiting somatosensory cortices were comparable in many aspects to effects of inhibiting AI, both on performance level as well as on EEG level as assessed by the HEP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These results contradict the idea that a change in interoceptive processes might be due to side effects of the TMS frontal stimulation site and therefore a general effect of affecting attention or working memory circuits."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We in contrast argue that the fact that major results were comparable between stimulation sites aiming to inhibit AI and somatosensory cortices is a strong empirical evidence that indeed nodes of the interoceptive network were affected by TMS and that these effects were specific for interoceptive processes and are not related to other main functions in attention or working memory."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0076__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We agree with the authors that a control task e.g. assessing performance and acoustic evoked potentials measured by EEG might have been a useful condition to prove whether TMS stimulation sites have an impact on other functions not related to interoceptive processes, but as TMS effects are time critical we decided to use a control site instead of a control condition as suggested by the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3253__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3253", "paragraph_id": "triad_3253__response__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3253__response__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We conclude that further empirical evidence is needed to further elucidate whether observed results can be replicated and are specific for interoceptive target areas, e.g. using new methodological approaches such as protocols with combined TMS stimulation and neuroimaging."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3253/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2530584382_W2605827456_W2607119709", "triad_name": "triad_3253", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3253__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "- Using the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, we may infer that for detecting an arbitrarily small scale, tools of sufficiently high energy (high momen- tum) are required."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, essential quantum phenomena must be probed at high energies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, gravity also becomes important at high energies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, we must resort to quantum gravity theories when trying to address fundamental areas of physics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One of the major aims of physics has always been to reconcile gravity and quantum mechanics in the same framework and possibly arrive at a consistent and complete theory of quantum gravity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In this regard, many theories such as string the- ory, canonical quantum gravity etc. have been formulated that have emerged as strong candidates for the same."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 3], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, all theories of quantum gravity and black hole physics predict the existence of minimum length scale called the Planck length (l pl ≈ 10 −35 m) [1-7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This leads to the modification of usual Heisenberg uncertainty prin- ciple."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The new uncertainty relation that we get from these theories is called the generalized uncertainty prin- ciple (GUP) [4, 8-12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The GUP as derived from string theory and black hole physics is given as : ∆p∆x ≥ 2 1 + β 0 l 2 pl 2 ∆p 2 (1) where, l pl = G c 3 = 10 −35 m is the Planck length and β 0 is a constant, assumed to be of the order of unity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Evidently, the new second term on the RHS of the above equation is important only when ∆x ≈ l pl or ∆p ≈ p pl ≈ 10 16 TeV/c (Planck momentum) i.e. at very high energies / small length scales."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The commutator algebra between x i , p j from string theory and double special relativity can be reconciled into [11,13]: [x i , p j ] = i δ ij − α pδ ij + p i p j p + α 2 (p 2 δ ij + 3p i p j ) (2) where α = α0 M pl c = α0l pl ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here α 0 is normally assumed to be of the order of unity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Both ∆x min and ∆p min arise as an implication of the above algebra."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In one dimension, it leads to the following form of GUP [7]:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above mentioned modified Heisenberg algebra can be derived if we represent the position and momentum oper- ators in the following way [7]: x i = x 0i , p i = p 0i (1 − αp 0 + 2α 2 p 2 0 ) (4) where x 0i and p 0j satisfy the usual canonical commuta- tion relations [x 0i , p 0j ] = i δ ij and are interpreted as low energy position and momenta respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the other hand x i and p i are the position and momentum at high energy respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since α 0 is of the order of unity, α dependent terms become important only at energy (mo- mentum) scales comparable to Planck energy (momen- tum) scale."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The GUP and its effects have been studied p-1 H. Verma et al. extensively over the past decade [14]- [35]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Apart from its important implications in cosmology [15-17] and black hole physics [18, 19], Klein-Gordan [30] and Dirac equa- tions [21, 31] have also been modified to include quantum gravity effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Various non-relativistic quantum systems such as particle in a box, SHO, Landau levels [7, 32], co- herent and squeezed states [26-29,33], PT symmetric non- Hermitian systems [23-25] have been investigated in the framework of GUP to note the effects of quantum gravity in those."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "A particularly interesting case with a proba- ble observable effect has been developed in [7] by study- ing variations in current of scanning tunnel microscope (STM) when tunnelling phenomenon is subject to GUP corrections."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, GUP modified angular momentum algebra has been constructed and the corrections in CG coefficients due to GUP are obtained [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, their results are inconsistent (as mentioned by the authors themselves) as the CG coefficients obtained by applying J − to the highest J m value state and is different from that of obtained by applying J + to the lowest J m value state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This motivate us to revisit the coupling angular momentum in the frame- work of GUP."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this work, we construct GUP modified angular momentum algebra by using Schwinger's model of angular momentum (SMAM) [36]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the first step we develop the operator formulation for the GUP modified SHO."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By modifying the creation/annihilation operators appropriately, we write the GUP modified SHO hamilto- nian as ω 2 [A † A + AA † ] with the commutation relation between A and A † as [A, A † ] = 1 + O(α)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Angular mo- mentum algebra is then constructed by considering two such independent oscillators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This GUP modified alge- bra is then used to study two-particle angular momentum system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We explicitly calculate the CG coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We found CG coefficients obtained by applying J − and J + are same unlike the case in Ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "[ 34]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We further found that CG coefficients remain unaffected in upto quadratic GUP, even though the angular momentum algebra gets modi- fied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is very interesting result in the GUP framework."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0006__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, it is not surprising as the GUP modified angular momentum algebra can be mapped to usual angular mo- mentum algebra by redefining the Planck constant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now present the plan of the paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the next section, we develop the complete GUP modified formalism of SHO in the operator formulation and then use SMAM to derive GUP modified angular momentum algebra in Sec. 3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We discuss angular momentum coupling in a composite two- particle system in the GUP framework in Sec.4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Sec. 5, CG coefficients are calculated explicitly for two particles system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, Sec. 6 is for the concluding remarks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GUP modified Harmonic Oscillator. - In this section, we discuss the operator formulation of SHO in the framework of GUP using both high energy and low energy momentum variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The corrections to the harmonic oscillator model due to GUP have been ad- dressed mostly using perturbation theory [7] and also treated in phase space [35]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the present work, we formulate the operator formalism for the GUP corrected SHO."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The GUP modified harmonic oscillator hamiltonian is given as: H = ω x 2 x ′2 + p 2 p ′2 (5) where x and p are the high energy position and momen- tum operators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This GUP corrected Hamiltonian can be written in terms of low energy operators upto O(α 2 ) as :"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here, H 1 is the correction due to GUP, x ′ = 2 mω and p ′ = √ 2m ω and x 0 and p 0 are usual low energy position and momentum operators respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Now we modify the usual creation (a † ) and annihilation (a) operators of 1-d harmonic oscillator in the following manner:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "in which, the usual creation/annihilation operators a † = x0 x ′ − i p0 p ′ and a = x0 x ′ + i p0 p ′ are modified by replacing p = p 0 (1 − αp 0 + 2α 2 p 2 0 ) and x = x 0 and including corrections to the order α (β 1 (x 0 , p 0 )) and α 2 (β 2 (x 0 , p 0 ))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We demand the Hamiltonian in Eq.6 to be in the following form: H = ω 2 (AA † + A † A) (10) by constructing appropriate β 1 and β 2 as given by:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now calculate the commutator [A, A † ], which comes out upto O(α 3 ) as: [A, A † ] = 1 − 2αp 0 + 6α 2 p 2 0 ≡ 1 − C. (13) where C is the correction due to GUP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In absence of GUP corrections, i.e. when α = 0, this formulation reduces to p-2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Schwinger's Model of Angular Momentum with GUP the usual operator formulation of 1-d SHO."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We now wish to redefine the creation/annihilation operators in GUP corrected formalism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this purpose, we henceforth con- sider the GUP corrections as C rather than C. This has been considered under the assumption that, in experimen- tal conditions, GUP correction to any operator manifests as expectation value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the next section, we will use the GUP modified creation/annihilation operators to gener- ate the angular momentum algebra."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, C is the averaged value of GUP corrections and our assumption stands correct (Ref."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "[ Eq.36] in [34])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Hence, Eq. 13 is rewritten as:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We may now assume two new operatorsà andà † such that,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here,à = A/ 1 − C andà † = A † / 1 − C ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If |1 , |2 , ..., |N are eigenvectors of Hamiltonian in Eq.10, then, in a general momentum regime, we can write,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where, C = 2α p 0 − 6α 2 p 2 0 such that commutation relation in Eq. 14 is satisfied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the above equations and in the later sections, we have expressed GUP effects solely in terms of expectation value of C based on aforementioned arguments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now, we would like to show that conclusion of the previous section can also be achieved while remaining in the high momentum regime (i.e. GUP modified momentum)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The GUP modified cre- ation/annihilation operators A and A † are defined in terms of high energy variables (x,p) as: A † = x x ′ − i p p ′ (20) A = x x ′ + i p p ′ (21) where x and p are in high momentum regime and x ′ = 2 mω and p ′ = √ 2m ω."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Then the GUP modified Hamil- tonian is written as H = ω 2 [AA † + A † A] and the commu- tator [A, A † ] in the regime is obtained as: [A, A † ] = 1 − 2αp + 4α 2 p 2 (22) which is exactly same as in Eq.13 when p is expressed in terms of low energy variables as p = p 0 (1 − αp 0 + 2α 2 p 2 0 )."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general momentum regime, similar to the discussion for low energy momentum, we have,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Schwinger's Model of Angular Momentum. - In this section, we would like to calculate the GUP modified angular momentum algebra by considering two such GUP modified harmonic oscillators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two uncoupled SHOs (we call them type 1 and 2) are considered with number states denoted as n 1 and n 2 with their usual independent alge- bra."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Then the general eigenket is constructed in SMAM as:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "and similar relations are obtained when a † 2 and a 2 act on these states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Next, in SMAM the following angular mo- mentum operators are constructed [36]:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "which satisfy the angular momentum algebra [L z , L ± ] = ± L ± , [L + , L − ] = 2 L z ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We now make a canonical trans- formation to n 1 and n 2 in the above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Then, the Eq.28, 29, 30 reduce to the usual form of angular momentum algebra as shown in Eq.32, 33, 34"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where λ ± = [(l ∓ m)(l ± m + 1)] 1/2 and the eigenvalues of the quadratic operator L 2 become"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, we see that angular momentum algebra is con- structed using two SHO algebra when eigenstates are re- labelled by replacing |l + m, l − m by |l, m ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We follow the same technique now for GUP modified harmonic oscilla- tor in the high energy momentum regime."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Repeating the p-3 H. Verma et al. same steps of SMAM (Eq.32,33,34,35) with GUP modified SHO algebra (Eq. 22, 23,24), we obtain,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The form L x , L y are then constructed using:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now find the various commutation relations between"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Thus, we have,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similarly, on calculation using Eq.36,37,38,39, we get the following :"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Commutation relation given by Eq.44 implies that the lad- der operator doesn't change the magnitude of total angu- lar momentum (l)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Also, due to occurrence of the correc- tion factor term, the spacing between consecutive eigen- values of L z changes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Also, Eq. 47 implies that L ± |l, m is an eigenstate of L z ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Now, using,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "we can calculate the norm of raised lowered states L ± |l, m as,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Therefore, as in the usual quantum mechanics [36] we have limit on the values of m, which we denote m max (maxi- mum m value or upper bound) and m min (minimum m value or lower bound)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Application of raising operator L + on state characterised by m max and lowering operator L − on state characterised by m min would both give zero i.e."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clearly, we observe that if we consider → (1 − C ) in the usual QM, we get the GUP modified formalism, where C = 2α p − 4α 2 p 2 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Effect on two-particle system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "- Till now all the algebra derived above involves single particle."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this sec- tion, the effect of GUP on multi-particle algebra will be examined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We will start with two-particle angular momen- tum algebra and the results can be extended for N-particle systems accordingly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Consider the addition of angular momentum includ- ing GUP for a system of two particles with l i and m i (i = 1, 2) ,the azimuthal and magnetic quantum numbers of the particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The total angular momentum and the z−component for the composite system is"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have two alternative choices of the basis for represent- ing the combined system as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. With simultaneous eigenkets of"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We chose the later one and the combined state in Hilbert space is represented as,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gordan coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The CG coefficients may be calcu- lated by applying J − ."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To discuss the addition of angular momentum for this composite system further, we need the following equations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Operating J z on the combined state we obtain Eq.53, 54."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The following point may be noted in analogy to ordinary quantum mechanics and as done in [34],"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now, let us consider the ladder operator for two - particle system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From the commutation relations Eq.42,43 we find that,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where, C 1 , C 2 are the correction factors due GUP for |j 1 , j 2 ; m 1 , m 2 state for first and second particle respec- tively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Also, for any state expressed as in Eq.52, we have found the operation of J z J ± on the RHS states."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As for the LHS of Eq.52, the solution is easy to calculate."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Eq.60 shows that the RHS is no longer an eigenstate of J z , un- like the α = 0 case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The above discussions on two- particle system can be also generalised for a system of N-particles on similar lines as done above."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this section we calculate the Clebsch-Gordan coeffi- cients explicitly for two particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We start with the high- est m value state in the highest multiplet and apply J − . which lowers the m value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We now resort to the notation"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The coefficient is j 1 ; j 2 | J m , J m = 1 by normaliza- tion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. For J = J m , M = J m − 1 :"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By applying J − we calculate,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Normalization of |J m , J m − 1 in Eq.62 provides,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. For J = J m , M = J m − 2 :"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Applying J − again we obtain Eq. 64 Normalization of |J m , J m − 2 in Eq.64 provides Eq. 65 In the same manner we can find the coefficients for all other states in this (highest) multiplet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The normalization conditions in the above states implies C 1 = C 2 = C ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This condition is further consistent with normalization of all other states."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This in turn implies that the CG coefficients are independent of C 1 , C 2 and C ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "CG coefficients for states in other multiplets then are obtained by using standard method and naturally are found to be independent of C 1 , C 2 and C ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now we proceed to find the coefficients using J + . Let us start with the initial lowest m value state in the highest multiplet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We obtain the following results"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. For J = J m , M = −J m , where J m stands for J max = (j 1 + j 2 ):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The coefficient is −j 1 ; −j 2 | J m , J m = 1 by normal- ization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. For J = J m , M = −J m + 1 :"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We get ,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On normalization of |J m , −J m + 1 in Eq.67 , we get the following condition:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "J = J m , M = −J m + 2 which on calculation gives Eq.69 Again, on normalization, of |J m , −J m + 2 in Eq.69 , we get the condition given in Eq. 70."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The solution of normalization conditions in Eqs 68 and 70 implies that C 1 = C 2 = C ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This condition is fur- ther consistent with normalization of all other states."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This further implies that the C 1 , C 2 and C dependence is dropped out from the Eqs 67 and 69 and hence all the CG coefficients are independent of C 1 , C 2 and C ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The above results can be verified explicitly with specific examples."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have verified it for J 1 = 1 2 = J 2 , J 1 = 1 = J 2 and J 1 = 1 2 , J 2 = 3 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the results for two spin p-5 H. Verma et al."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1/2 particles only are presented below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The normalization to the states |1, 0 and |1, −1 provide condition similar to Eq.63,65 and are now written as"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Solving both the equations simultaneously, we get, C = C 1 = C 2 This condition is consistent with the normal- ization of the state |0, 0 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Also, if the starting state is considered as the normalized state |J = 1, M = −1 = | − 1/2; −1/2 , we obtain from Eq.68, 70, the same condi- tions as Eq.63, 65 and hence conclude the same condition on C, C 1 , C 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With this information, we find the CG co- efficients for the specific case where j 1 = j 2 = 1/2 and m 1 (or m 2 ) = ±1/2 from Eq.62, 64, 67, 69 and list them in the table 1 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In case of standard QM, the CG-coefficients for a par- ticular state are always same irrespective of the method of calculation, i.e, using J + or J − ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The same thing is true for GUP modified quantum mechanics also."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This resolves the anomaly reported in [34] where CG coefficients obtained by applying J − to the highest J m value state are differ- ent than that of when calculated by applying J + to the lowest J m value state in the same multiplet."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We further showed that CG coefficients do not receive any correction due to quadratic order GUP and any angular momentum coupling remains unaffected even though the angular mo- mentum algebra gets modified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Explicit examples were also considered to support our claim."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0062__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Further this result can be generalized for all composite systems in a straight- forward manner."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "of which we have tried to address in the paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Using this formalism and SMAM, we have derived GUP mod- ified angular momentum algebra."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While the GUP SHO may be useful in its own right, the angular momentum al- gebra developed may be used to investigate GUP induced effects in Hydrogen atom, Quantum Rotor and other mod- els involving the angular momenta operators."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As such, a wide number of problems in atomic and molecular physics can be approached using the algebra developed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Further, using this GUP modified angular momentum algebra, we have studied the effect of GUP in the coupling of angular momentum for an arbitrary two particle composite sys- tem."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have also found the associated CG coefficients in the GUP modified systems."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Some anomalies in calculating CG coefficient reported in the literature are removed in our formulation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, we observe that CG coefficients receive no corrections up to quadratic GUP."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This has been verified explicitly for two particle systems."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The coupling of angular momentum remains unaffected to quantum grav- ity effects is indeed an important result and may have very important consequences in the study of Black holes and many other astro-physical problems where gravity plays an important role."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2405__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this note, we show that the methodology and conclusions of “Schwinger’s Model of Angular Momentum with GUP” [2] are flawed and that the conclusions of “Generalized Uncertainty Principle and angular momentum” (P. Bosso and S. Das) [1] remain valid."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In [1], we studied the modification of the angular momentum algebra dictated by a modification of the commutation relations between position and momentum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This led to interesting results concerning the angular momentum spectrum, energy spectrum of the hydrogen atom, interactions between magnetic fields and angular momenta, and a description of multi-particle systems, including corrections to Clebsch-Gordan coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among the noteworthy results of that paper, we have that the commutation relations for angular momentum operators now involve also functions of the linear momentum operator."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, following usual steps, we showed that the spectrum involves only expectation values of this function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0074__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Notice that the appearance of expectation values at this level is not the result of any approximation or assumption."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, when the radial Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom is studied, the assumption that the modification appears only via its expectation value is considered. This is clearly an approximation, useful in that the equation resembles that of standard quantum mechanics with corrections that have implications in the emission/absorption wavelengths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is important to notice that this approximation is considered only in the study of the hydrogen atom and of the interaction between magnetic fields and angular momenta."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The rest of [1] does not rely on this assumption."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "That paper concludes with an analysis of the theory of angular momentum for systems of many particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Specifically, we computed some of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We showed that the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients are modified due to GUP."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, we also showed that the modification is associated with an ambiguity: coefficients for the same system but computed starting from higher or lower angular momentum states are in general different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is something to expect, because the spectrum of the angular momentum operators, as well as the action of the ladder operators J+ and J-, is influenced by the linear momentum of the states to which they are applied."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0076__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This ambiguity is a direct consequence of the modified position-momentum uncertainty relation considered in [1] and needs further study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Verma et al., in [2], have tried a possible resolution of the above ambiguity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Below, we comment on the main aspects of their paper."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ladder operators for a simple harmonic oscillator (SHO): The authors define a couple of operators, A and A†, in terms of the position and momentum operators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As the authors themselves show, these operators are not ladder operators for a SHO since [A, A†] ≠ 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To avoid this problem, they divide each operator by the square root of the expectation value of [A, A†]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This strategy can only be considered as an approximation, not as a rigorous method to obtain ladder operators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, this approximation leads to trivial results, effectively accounting for a scaling of the Planck constant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Finally, it is not necessary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0078__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In fact, it is always possible to construct a new set of operators that act as ladder operators for the GUP-modified system under study, as shown in [3] (see [4] for an application)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Substituting the modification C by its expectation value: The authors motivate its use by saying that it was previously used in our work [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, as we explained above, this is not entirely true."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This substitution was in fact used to obtain GUP-modifications for some specific examples, namely the hydrogen atom and the magnetic field-angular momentum interaction, and which can potentially be verified experimentally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the rest of the results in [1] are not based on such substitution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In particular, the commutation relations between angular momentum operators are computed implementing directly the modified commutation relation between position and momentum operators."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, the appearance of the expectation value ⟨C⟩ in the angular momentum spectrum was derived from rigorous standard procedures."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0079__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nonetheless, this does not motivate in general an indiscriminate substitution C → ⟨C⟩."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Jordan map and Schwinger’s model for the angular momentum: The Jordan map connects a set of matrices to a set of harmonic oscillator operators [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the specific case of the angular momentum, to each matrix representing an angular momentum operator, with elements J_ij, the Jordan map associates an operator J = Σ_ij J_ij a†_i a_j."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, in the standard theory of quantum mechanics, we find the following expressions [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Notice that the expressions, used by Verma et al. in [2], are constructed from the representation of the angular momentum operators as Pauli matrices."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A property of the Jordan map is that it preserves commutation relations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In other words, whatever the commutation relations for the angular momentum matrices are, the operators in terms of ladder operators will have the same relations, since they are inherited from the matrices."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0080__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Notice therefore that (i) the procedure used in [2] is flawed, because their A, A† operators are not ladder operators, as explained above, (ii) tautological, as starting from a representation of the standard (non GUP) angular momentum algebra, the authors use the Jordan map to find the commutation relations for the angular momentum operators, which necessarily are the standard one."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a final comment, it is worth noticing that their results concerning the commutation relations of the angular momentum operators do not match the results in [1], obtained via direct computations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for a system of two particles with GUP: Finally, we comment on the computation of the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors compute the coefficients starting from a maximal angular momentum state and applying the operator J- = j1,- + j2,-."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They proceed by imposing normalization conditions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is important at this point to focus on a particular aspect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consider the tower of states derived by repeated applications of J- on the top state |L, L⟩. Each of these states has to be normalized independently from the others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, each of these states can be in general represented in multiple ways in terms of the constituent states."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "More precisely, given a total angular momentum state |L, M⟩, this describes any composition of two systems, with angular momentum states |l1, m1⟩ and |l2, m2⟩, such that |l1 - l2| ≤ L ≤ l1 + l2 and M = m1 + m2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0083__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In particular, for every value M, in general several configurations will be possible such to obtain different values of L. Every choice of these compositions is described by a different Clebsch-Gordan coefficient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Having this picture in mind, it is clear that the normalization of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients has to be performed considering the independent normalization of states |L, M⟩ with different values M and the orthogonality among the states of equal M but different L. However, in [2] the authors seem to normalize states belonging to different values of M simultaneously, resulting in constraints such as ⟨C1⟩ = ⟨C2⟩ = ⟨C⟩, where C1 and C2 represent the modifications associated with the two constituent systems, while C is the modification associated with the entire system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such a relation is clearly unacceptable, since it implies conditions on the linear momenta of a composite system and its constituents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0084__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the constituents’ momenta are independent physical quantities, no such conditions can exist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0084__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, the only condition on the composite momenta is that it is the vector sum of the constituent momenta."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The results of [1], therefore, still stand, and the objections raised in [2] are invalid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__critique__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, it is possible that a correct application of the Jordan map to the GUP-modified angular momentum operators may be a useful tool in gaining insight into the problem in question and its possible resolution."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2405__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Introduction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "– Through this document, we wish to respond to the comments [1] made on our manuscript entitled “Schwinger’s model of angular momentum with GUP”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "First of all, the authors have wrongly presumed that we have invalidated/questioned their results in [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the abstract section, they claim that their work is valid, on which, we made no claims suggesting the contrary in the paper [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0086__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In fact we have used some of their results in our work."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The only issue which we found was that the Clebsch-Gordan (CG) coefficients for the same state, obtained in their work by applying J− and J+ operators were different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is clearly unacceptable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This situation can be better described with the word “inconsistency” rather than with the word, “ambiguous”."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We feel that there was, in fact, no ambiguity in the mathematical calculations of CG coefficients using the operators J− and J+ in their works."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0087__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In our work we have removed this inconsistency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now, we shall try to address the specific points raised by the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Comments."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "–"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ladder operators for simple harmonic oscillator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We tried to construct the ladder operators using the proposition that the Hamiltonian be expressed as H = ¯hω 2 (AA† + A†A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We then found the commutation relation between the operators."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The authors have suggested that the method adopted is not rigorous and leads to a seemingly trivial result."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would like to emphasize that the results are mathematically correct and may have led to rescaling of Planck’s constant but that is not wrong or violates any first principles in physics or more specifically, anything in operator formalism/algebra."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The later discovery of ladder operators for GUP-modified systems by the authors themselves [4] was absent during the formulation of the manuscript and we concur that it proposes a more rigorous method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That does not deem any of the previous works unnecessary or wrong."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In fact any scientific progress does not necessarily negate or out-date the previous works."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, we strongly disagree with the comments made by the authors in this particular context."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Substituting the modification of C by its expectation value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors seem to have not noticed the peculiarity in their own paper [2] or may have ignored an important aspect of the aforementioned substitution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We certainly borrowed this result from their work which has been used in that paper extensively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This has been done for many angular-momentum operators specifically ladder operators for angular momenta."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This is clear from eq. ( 104) which has been taken from eq. ( 30) [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If C is not replaced by ⟨C⟩ in the angular-momentum algebra, the algebra is not closed, which will lead to difficulties in describing angular-momentum coupling and calculating the CG coefficients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0094__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We made the substitution motivated by their work only and, therefore, if the substitution of C by ⟨C⟩ is questionable in our work, it is questionable in their work, too."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this reference, apart from the equations mentioned before, we would like to point out that eq. ( 30) falls under sect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "3 with heading “Modified angular momentum spectrum” in their paper and is specifically L±|plm⟩ = ¯h(1−C) L(L + 1) − M (M ± 1)|plm±1⟩ whereas eq. ( 104) falls under the sect."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "6 with heading “Multi particles system” and reads L±|plm⟩ = ¯h(1 − ⟨C⟩) L(L + 1) − M (M ± 1)|plm ± 1⟩. The authors have wrongfully claimed that the above substitution of C with ⟨C⟩ was only made in the context of hydrogen atom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On examination, one discovers that hydrogen atom is described in a totally different section, sect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "4, and in no way relates sect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "3 to sect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0095__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In fact one can independently calculate “Multi particles systems” angular-momentum algebra from “Modified angular momentum spectrum” which we hope that the authors would inarguably agree with."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The introduction of hydrogen atom section in this discussion is totally unwarranted and serves no purpose at all."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This fact is clearly indicated just above eq. ( 104) in their paper where it is mentioned that eq. ( 104) is obtained from eq. ( 30)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their final results on CG coefficients rely heavily on eq. ( 104) and hence, indirectly on the argued substitution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0096__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That being said, we have also clearly mentioned our motivation in this context in the paper which is that we wish to use the harmonic-oscillator formalism to derive angular-momentum algebra which, in turn, is used to derive the coupling of angular momentum —essentially a physical phenomenon."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Jordan map and Schwingers model for the angular momentum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nowhere have the authors questioned the mathematical formulation and calculation of the result using Schwinger’s model of angular momentum."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather they have pointed it out as trivial or “tautological”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Again, we subscribed to the basic formalism suggested and used it to obtain angular-momentum algebra which, of course, is not incorrect."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Just because it leads to the same commutation result it should not be interpreted as “tautological”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We do concur that the correction factor obtained for GUP correction in angular-momentum operators is different from [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0097__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This only invites more research and insight into the field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for a system of two particles with GUP."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The coupled angular-momentum states in [2] are not normalized and hence, the CG coefficients associated in those states have no physical meaning."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This further leads to the inconsistency in the CG coefficients in their work (see, for example, eqs. ( 106), (107))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0098__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We do concur that the different |L, M⟩ states should be normalized separately and should be orthogonal to states with different L value [5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By the single solution suggested in our paper, one can carry out the normalizations and orthogonalization for all the angular-momentum states in a given system, simultaneously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This formulation has been shown to work for 2-particles system of arbitrary individual spins."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We do not rule out the possibility of other solutions to this problem for systems with more than two particles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conforming to the proposed solution, one obtains a strong condition on C, C1 and C2."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2405", "paragraph_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "– In the light of the arguments being raised, we would reiterate the correctness in physics and mathematics in our paper."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In conclusion, we cannot agree with the comments made."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We do concur that our results affirm the angular-momentum algebra derived in their paper though using a different approach."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "That being said, they have correctly pointed out that the correction factor due to GUP up to quadratic order is slightly different."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2405__response__p0100__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is a point of worry and we feel that the understanding of angular momentum under GUP is not at all complete."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2405/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3103777303_W3104211229_W2912137805", "triad_name": "triad_2405", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2405__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 28-year-old man sought care for a diffuse vesicu- lar rash that had developed over the preceding 24-48 hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "He had traveled on a flight from Lagos, Nige- ria, and arrived in the United States the day he sought care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While in Nigeria, he visited relatives, stayed in hotel lodging without travel to rural regions, and had no interactions with animals or animal carcasses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Dur- ing his flight from Lagos, he noticed a burning sensa- tion on his skin, followed by development of discrete vesicles on his forehead and nose, which spread to his arms, trunk, and inner thighs over several hours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "He denied having associated symptoms, including fever, chills, or headache."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At examination, we observed right cervical lymphadenopathy and numerous 2-4-mm pustules on an erythematous base."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some of these pustules had central umbilication and were present dif- fusely with acrofacial propensity, favoring the face, neck, and hands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A few 2-3-mm round erosions were noted on the oral mucosa, and an intact pus- tule was observed on the lower mucosal lip (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The patient was given intravenous acyclovir for empiric treatment of disseminated varicella zoster virus infection, admitted, and subjected to contact and airborne isolation precautions pending further evaluation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Within 24 hours of admission, no new"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A case of monkeypox was diagnosed in a returning trav- eler from Nigeria to Maryland, USA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Prompt infection con- trol measures led to no secondary cases in 40 exposed healthcare workers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given the global health implications, public health systems should be aware of effective strat- egies to mitigate the potential spread of monkeypox."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We obtained a 4-mm punch biopsy specimen from an intact pustule on the abdomen of the pa- tient."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This specimen showed epidermal necrosis, reticular degeneration, and vesiculation by staining with hematoxylin and eosin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We found dyskeratotic keratinocytes, neutrophil exocytosis, and intracyto- plasmic inclusion bodies consistent with Guarnieri bodies in the epidermis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We also detected a diffuse, mixed, superficial dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes, neutrophils, and occasional eosinophils (Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on the travel history of the patient and his- topathologic findings, we suspected monkeypox, likely acquired by human contact in the absence of any ani- mal exposures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additional specimens of the skin lesions were identified by the Maryland Department of Health as non-variola orthopox by real-time reverse transcrip- tion PCR (RT-PCR) and the CDC Laboratory Response Network protocol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "CDC used viral culture and RT-PCR to confirm the diagnosis of monkeypox, further iden- tifying the specimen as part of the West African clade, which has driven the outbreak in Nigeria since 2017."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Upon confirmation of the monkeypox diagno- sis, we identified all healthcare workers (HCWs) involved in the case and classified 40 as contacts by CDC guidelines (8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No HCW met the criteria for high-risk exposure, and no doses of preventive small- pox vaccine were administered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hospital-based pub- lic health officials contacted each HCW daily for 21 days (the duration of incubation period for monkey- pox) and instructed them to measure their tempera- ture twice a day and monitor any symptoms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the conclusion of the surveillance period, we did not de- tect disease transmission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previously considered a rare zoonotic infection, hu- man monkeypox has reemerged as a clinically seri- ous disease after decades of quiescence."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Monkeypox has an overall case-fatality rate of up to 11% (1), and increasing human populations have no immunity to poxvirus; therefore, future progress in understanding monkeypox is critical."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The World Health Organization Research and Development Blueprint in 2018 classi- fied monkeypox as an emergent disease requiring ac- celerated research, development, and public health action (8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The epidemic potential of monkeypox was demonstrated during the outbreak in the United States in 2003, and had the predominant virus strain been the more virulent and aggressive Congo Basin strain instead of a virus in the West African clade, a higher mortality rate would have been possible (9)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the public health experience addressing monkeypox in the United States has been limited, this case illustrates the effectiveness of the basic principles of infection control: rapid identification and isolation of the index patient; use of personal protective equip- ment by HCWs; and thorough contact tracing, includ- ing monitoring for secondary cases throughout the totality of the incubation period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Using these interven- tions alone, our hospital system and community were able to avoid additional disease transmission."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Hospital systems should ensure that their healthcare teams, par- ticularly frontline workers, are aware of infection con- trol policies, especially pertaining to patients with pos- sible infectious diseases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In particular, any patient who has a fever and disseminated vesicular or pustular rash should immediately be placed on airborne and contact precautions because these are the typical symptoms as- sociated with orthopoxvirus infection (10)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although vaccination was not required in this case, public health recommendations to prevent secondary disease transmission of monkeypox include the small- pox vaccine (11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The vaccine has been estimated to con- fer 85% protection against monkeypox (12), and waning population immunity since routine smallpox vaccine administration ended is postulated to have contributed to its resurgence (2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The 2 Food and Drug Admin- istration-approved vaccines are ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Either vaccine can be administered pre- emptively for monkeypox exposures, which is recom- mended for persons involved in monkeypox outbreak investigations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "JYNNEOS is a nonreplicating, live vi- rus, licensed specifically for monkeypox prevention; ACAM2000 is the only recommended vaccine for mon- keypox postexposure prophylaxis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On the basis of the ef- fectiveness of postexposure smallpox vaccine, the CDC advises postexposure prophylaxis to high-risk contacts within 4 days and up to 14 days of initial contact with monkeypox (11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This intervention has been safely and effectively used by public health officials in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore (5,6,13)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to smallpox vaccine, vaccinia im- mune globulin is available and can be used as pro- phylaxis for severely immunocompromised pa- tients (when smallpox vaccine should be avoided), although the benefit is unclear (10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Food and Drug Administration-approved antiviral drugs to treat smallpox are tecovirimat and brincidofovir, which can also be used to treat monkeypox, but there are no monkeypox-specific antiviral drugs for treatment or postexposure prophylaxis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Because there are multiple orthopoxvirus vaccine guidance documents, formulation of consolidated recommen- dations is ongoing (14)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, we report a case of monkeypox in a traveler returning to the United States from Nigeria and review infection control measures to prevent sec- ondary cases."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multiple appearances beyond disease- endemic countries indicate that monkeypox has be- come a relevant travel-related disease, and physicians should remain vigilant in combatting transmission of this virus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3755__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor: Costello et al. described a patient in Maryland, USA, with a diffuse vesicular rash initially diagnosed as disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only after a biopsy revealed unexpected findings was monkeypox suspected [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Monkeypox is commonly confused with VZV in countries where both infections are endemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "High fever, lymphadenopathy, and a deep-seated, well-circumscribed, umbilicated rash in the same stage of development (i.e., macule, papule, vesicle, or scab) in distinct anatomic locations are characteristic of monkeypox [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although the patient in Maryland experienced lymphadenopathy and rash with umbilicated lesions suggestive of monkeypox, he was afebrile, denied other prodromal signs and symptoms (e.g., headache and chills) that typically precede monkeypox rash, and improved while receiving intravenous acyclovir, features more consistent with VZV."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3755__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the unusual clinical signs and symptoms experienced by this patient were similar to those observed in other patients in the evolving 2022 multinational monkeypox response."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because differential diagnosis can be challenging, public health authorities should be consulted promptly when monkeypox is possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "US Laboratory Response Network laboratories (https://emergency.cdc.gov/lrn) can enable rapid testing of specimens (e.g., lesions swab), and pathogen-specific antiviral medications can be acquired through consultation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Public health investigation for a single case of monkeypox can be intensive and complicated; case-patient contacts outside of the hospital must be identified, monitored, and potentially given 1 of the 2 orthopoxvirus vaccines offered for postexposure prophylaxis in the United States [3-5]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3755__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Factors that should raise suspicion for monkeypox in a patient with related signs and symptoms include history of travel outside of the United States to a country with confirmed cases or where monkeypox virus is endemic, contact with a person with a similar-appearing rash or who has received a diagnosis of confirmed or probable monkeypox, contact with Africa-endemic wild animal or pet species (living or dead), or use of a product derived from those animals (e.g., game meat, creams, lotions, powders)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Monkeypox should also be considered in patients with close or intimate contact with persons in social networks experiencing high monkeypox activity, including men who have sex with men who meet partners through a website, digital application, or social event."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__critique__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Prompt consultation with public health authorities is essential for providing clinical guidance, expediting testing and treatment, and preventing secondary cases [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3755__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__response__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We appreciate Minhaj et al. for their correspondence regarding our experience treating an imported case of monkeypox from an international traveler [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their letter reaffirms the instructive points of our case: monkeypox poses a diagnostic challenge because its clinical presentation shares features with a variety of additional infectious diseases, including varicella zoster virus (the infection we initially suspected), and prompt coordination with public health officials is critical for diagnosing, treating, and mitigating secondary spread."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3755__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__response__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since our report of monkeypox in November 2021, there have been outbreaks of monkeypox throughout multiple countries [2], including one case identified in the United States [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Monkeypox had never previously been diagnosed in several of these countries and, remarkably, in only 1 of these cases [4] was there a history of travel to a monkeypox-endemic country, in direct contrast to nearly all prior cases that have been reported outside of Africa [5-7], which were epidemiologically linked to a monkeypox-endemic region."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3755__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3755", "paragraph_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our case report [8], we had concluded that monkeypox had become clinically relevant within the confines of a travel-related illness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the additional cases diagnosed since November 2021 strongly suggest that community transmission is now occurring, and a history of travel to a monkeypox-endemic country is no longer prerequisite to contracting this disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Community prevalence rates remain unknown, so healthcare providers should consider monkeypox in any patient who manifests with fever and lymphadenopathy accompanied by a disseminated vesicular, pustular, or umbilicated rash."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Under those conditions, the provider should immediately initiate infection control and contact public health authorities."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3755__response__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Monkeypox is an emerging zoonotic disease with incompletely appreciated clinical features, and healthcare providers should be made aware of its increasingly widespread incidence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3755/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4220739251_W4284968979_W4284974053", "triad_name": "triad_3755", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3755__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of a single lumen 16 G central venous catheter for the drainage of uncomplicated pleural effusions in intensive care unit patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A prospective observational study was performed in two intensive care units of university- affiliated hospitals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study involved 10 intensive care unit patients with non-loculated large effusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A 16 G central venous catheter was inserted at the bedside without ultrasound guidance using the Seldinger technique."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The catheter was left in situ until radiological resolution of the effusion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fifteen sets of data were obtained from 10 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three patients had catheters inserted for bilateral pleural effusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of these patients, who suffered from chronic pancreati- tis, subsequently had a unilateral left pleural effusion drained twice during further re-admissions to hospital."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Twelve sets of data were obtained when the patients were mechanically ven- tilated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Four patients had pancreatitis, with the remaining six patients having a variety of underlying medical conditions including perforated intra-abdominal viscus, liver transplantation and recent cardiac surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Three of these patients had pneumo- nia complicating their primary medical condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Table 1 summarises the biochemical profile of the pleural fluid and the cumulative volume of effusion drained at 1, 6 and 24 hours post catheter insertion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mean volumes drained at 1, 6 and 24 hours were 454 ± 241 ml, 756 ± 403 ml and 1010 ± 469 ml, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As we did not simultaneously determine serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and serum total protein levels, we classified exudates as having pleural fluid lactate dehydrogenase levels ≥ 200 IU [6] or pleural fluid total protein levels ≥ 30 g/l [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Twelve samples were classi- fied as exudates and two samples as transudates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0004__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The results for one sample were not available."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No patients had a pneumothorax on the first radiograph per- formed within 8-12 hours after catheter insertion and on review of subsequent radiographs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were no instances of hemothorax or re-expansion pulmonary edema."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "None of the catheters slipped out and there were no accidental discon- nections of the drainage system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All ventilated patients were successfully weaned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mechanical ventilation was avoided in the three instances where the large effusions had caused respiratory distress in these non- intubated patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The longest duration that a single catheter remained in situ was 14 days, and it drained a total of 5050 ml over this period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This same patient had a contralateral catheter inserted, which drained 6030 ml over 11 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In total, five patients had the catheter in situ for between 7 and 9 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The daily drainage ranged from 70 to 1700 ml/day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There were no instances of catheter blockage despite fibrinous material being seen in the collection bag of two patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The use of an indwelling 16 G central venous catheter is efficacious in draining uncomplicated large pleural effusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is well tolerated by patients and is associated with minimal complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It has the potential to avoid repeated thoracentesis or the use of large-bore chest tubes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study was conducted in the ICUs of a Singaporean hos- pital and an Australian hospital."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Informed consent was obtained from the patient or a relative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Ten patients were studied prospectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Patients were included if they had large pleural effusions clinically and on a chest radiograph, which were judged to be contributing significantly to their res- piratory impairment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Patients were excluded if there was a suspicion that the effusions were loculated, if they had signifi- cant pre-existing coagulation abnormalities or if they had structural chest abnormalities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Ultrasound confirmation of the non-loculated nature of the effusion was obtained in three patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The procedure was performed with the patient lying in a semi- recumbent manner at an angle of 45° because most of the patients were ventilated and sedated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ipsilateral arm was raised over the head and held in place by the nurse assistant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The site of insertion was determined by physical examination or had been marked by the ultrasound technician in the three cases where the ultrasound investigation had been per- formed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The skin was prepared with 0.05% chlorhexidine (Baxter, Old Tongabbie, Australia) and 10% povidine-iodine solution and was then draped in a sterile manner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Local anes- thetic (3-5 ml of 1% lidocaine) was infiltrated from the subcu- taneous plane down to the parietal pleura with a 21 G needle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Pleural fluid was aspirated via this needle to confirm its free flowing consistency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The insertion kit used was the ARROW ® 16 G central venous catheterisation set (product no ES-04301; Arrow, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The 18 G trocar needle attached to the supplied syringe was inserted into the speci- fied intercostal space in the mid-axillary line until it breached the parietal pleura and confirmed that free flowing pleural fluid could be obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Seldinger technique was applied with the flexible guide wire inserted 2 cm beyond the distance of the trocar needle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The tract was subsequently dilated prior to the insertion of the catheter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Care was taken that the dilator should not be inserted more than the expected distance from the chest wall to parietal pleura, in order to decrease the risk of lung injury."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The length of the catheter in the pleural space ranged from 5 to 15 cm, the final depth being dependent on the ease of aspiration of the pleural fluid."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The catheter was then connected to a urine drainage bag with a non-return valve (Polymedicure, Haryana, India) via a three-way stopcock (B Braun, San Goncalo, Brazil) and a modification from the end of an intra- venous drip set (B Braun, Penang, Malaysia)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A piece of transparent dressing (Tegaderm™; 3M, St Paul, Minnesota, USA) was applied over the junction of the urine bag tubing and the rubber bung of the intravenous drip set to prevent a disconnection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The central venous catheter was stitched down to the skin and a similar transparent dressing applied over the insertion site."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A record of complications (pneumothorax, hemothorax, re- expansion pulmonary edema and equipment failure) was made."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A chest radiograph was performed routinely post catheter insertion for pneumothorax detection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subsequent radiographs made as part of the ICU management of the patient were also reviewed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The catheter site was inspected daily for evidence of redness, swelling or discharge and the duration of the catheter's presence in situ was noted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The daily and total volumes of pleural fluid drained were recorded."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Recurrence of the effusion after catheter removal and the need for a repeat thoracentesis was noted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The means and standard deviations of the volumes of pleural fluid drained at 1, 6 and 24 hours post catheter insertion are presented."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Single puncture thoracentesis has been found to be a safe technique in mechanically ventilated patients [8] although there are still reservations about its use [9,10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The procedure may need to be repeated frequently, however, and may thus cause some discomfort to the patient and an increased risk of complications associated with repeated puncture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The bedside placement of large-bore chest tubes, 24-32 Fr gauge in diameter, is an alternative technique but its limita- tions are that the indwelling chest tubes are often associated with much patient discomfort and a relatively higher risk of mechanical complications."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This can be overcome using fine pig-tail catheters of 8.0-14.0 Fr [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This corresponds approximately to a diameter of 2.66 and 4.66 mm [12], respectively, and is usually placed under ultrasound guidance by radiologists."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present technique describes the use of a similar flexible tube, but smaller in diameter (1.7 mm), which can be kept in situ to facilitate continuous drainage and thus avoid patient discomfort and potential complications from repeated thora- centesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our patients reported minimal, if any, discomfort from the indwelling catheter and were able to cooperate with our physiotherapists and respiratory therapists to facilitate alveolar recruitment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ultrasound-guided techniques have been advocated for use in ICU patients [9,10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thoracentesis under ultrasound guid- ance is not complication free, however [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We ourselves seek the help of our radiological colleagues to insert pig-tail catheters in patients with difficult chest wall anatomy, with significant coagulation abnormalities or with possible locu- lated effusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In these instances, however, insertion is fre- quently delayed as arrangements have to be made with the radiologists and patients may need to be transported to the radiology department for the procedure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our complication rate is no worse than those rates reported by Lichtenstein"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first reported use of a central venous catheter to aspirate a pleural effusion might be attributed to Cooper who used it in a single patient to aspirate an effusion, after which it was removed [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have been unable to trace any other pub- lished material on this technique except for the follow-up cor- respondence [15]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We therefore believe that the present paper is the first to document in detail the indwelling nature of this technique in a larger group of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Grodzin and Balk have described a similar technique of leaving a 7 Fr indwelling pleural catheter (Turkel thoracentesis systems) for intermit- tent pleural drainage [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We are unable to determine the widespread availability or use of this system."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our small study has also shown the feasibility and safety of using a urine drainage bag system instead of a water seal system in mechanically ventilated patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The bag is always placed below the level of the patient's chest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We do not routinely flush the drainage system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The catheter is removed if pleural drainage is less than 100 ml for two consecutive days and there is resolution of the effusion on the chest radiograph."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several potential advantages of this technique over repeated thoracentesis, use of pig-tail catheters and use of conventional large-bore chest drains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This single lumen catheter is well tolerated with minimal patient discomfort and, in our small series, is not associated with catheter blockage, problems with the drainage system and with infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The technique thus avoids the need for repeated punctures, which are painful."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our two hospitals, the advantage over the pig-tail catheters can be viewed from the point of logistics and cost."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Once the decision is taken to insert the single lumen catheter, this can be accomplished rapidly by the intensivist with the assistance of the bedside nurse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For pig-tail catheter insertion, either the radiology team comes to the intensive care unit or the patient needs to be transported to the radiological suite."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We are also able to avoid the procedural charges of the radiol- ogy team."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The cost in our institution of the catheter and dis- posable preparation set is less than US$15.00."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In comparison with conventional large-bore chest drains, the catheter is asso- ciated with less discomfort during insertion and when it is in situ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This facilitates nursing and physiotherapy care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We are able to avoid the use of conventional chest drainage bottles which are expensive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Demands on nursing care are minimal as the catheter entry site is small and not associated with pleural fluid leaks around it and because we have not needed to regu- larly flush the catheter while it is in situ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, the present article provides preliminary data on the use of a 16 G indwelling central venous catheter to drain large non-loculated pleural effusions in the ICU."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although our case series is small, it appears that this technique is useful and safe in selected individuals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• A number of techniques have been described to drain pleural effusions"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Each technique has its advantages and disadvantages"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• In selected individuals, non-ultrasound guided placement of small bore catheters such as central lines provide effective and safe drainage of pleural effusions with minimal discomfort"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3974__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I read with interest the paper by Singh and coworkers on the subject of pleural drainage [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the respiratory field, this is a hot topic and guidelines were recently published [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Singh and coworkers used a 16-French gauge catheter, which is broadly in agreement with the British Thoracic Society guidelines (and this is what we sometimes use in our hospital)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the British Thoracic Society guidelines [2] do advocate a slightly smaller gauge."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The move is certainly away from large bore drains, and I would strongly support this."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3974__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our unit has also achieved good success using 12-French gauge drains inserted using a Seldinger technique (Thal-Quick Chest Tubes, Cook Critical Care, Bloomington, IN, USA) in patients on a respiratory ward."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They seem to be patient-friendly with little initial morbidity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, it has been noted that blockage by fibrinous or clotted material does occur."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "I am surprised that the authors did not encounter this problem, even with the larger drain."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3974__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I note the comments on the use of ultrasound guidance to access the pleural space."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A recent article [3] reported increased efficacy using ultrasound guidance in the hands of an interventional radiologist, performing the procedure in ‘real time’."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This seems a useful method but it is a luxury that is often not available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The use of ultrasound to locate the most suitable position for access, using an ‘X marks the spot’ methodology, has in our experience often been unreliable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "I suspect that this is because the pleural access is not performed in ‘real time’."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "I would be interested to know the authors’ thoughts on this and whether any of their catheters were inserted using ultrasound guidance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3974__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I would urge caution on behalf of Singh and coworkers in interpreting some of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is a highly selected, small group of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this setting, the absence of infection or blockage is probably of limited value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our experience has revealed that there are definite, although low, rates of blockage and infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__critique__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A larger, prospective, ‘real world’ study is needed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3974__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We would like to thank Dr Kelly [1] for his interest in our recent article [2] on the use of central venous catheters for pleural drainage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "His comments add to those recently highlighted by MacDuff and Grant [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Potential medicolegal pitfalls with the use of the central venous catheters that we have described."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We believe, however, that cost issues should be taken into account when designing this study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We would like to comment on the use of ultrasound (USS)-guided drainage of the pleural cavity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3974__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The technique we have described is a cheaper and less traumatic alternative to the use of bigger bore chest tubes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is, however, not meant as an alternative for situations where USS guidance is needed, such as in difficult patient anatomy or in the drainage of loculated effusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As Kelly has pointed out correctly, it is a luxury and in our context also expensive, and it involves logistical arrangements that delay the performance of the procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We have also encountered situations of failure despite the ‘X marks the spot’ methodology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To avoid this, in situations where we seek the aid of the radiologist, we either perform the insertion with the radiologist present or get them to insert their fine bore catheters at the first attempt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This avoids the double cost and logistical arrangements needed should we fail."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3974__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3974", "paragraph_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our experience there have been occasions where chest radiograph diagnosis of significant pleural effusions was not confirmed by USS, and we invite caution in performing this procedure without USS information."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As we have highlighted in our paper and in our recent reply [4], our reported group is small and selective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We recognize that we cannot accurately predict the rate of infection as well as catheter blockage with our sample size, although thus far we have not encountered these problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We agree that a ‘real world’ study is needed to answer a number of issues."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3974__response__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "MacDuff and Grant have highlighted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3974/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1583495377_W2101024488_W1566334413", "triad_name": "triad_3974", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3974__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Diabetes mellitus is a bihormonal disorder, in which both insulin deficiency and absolute or relative glucagon excess contribute to the metabolic disturbances (1, 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Insulin re- sistance and beta-cell dysfunction are core defects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Increased glucagon secre- tion and hyperglucagonemia also contribute to hypergly- cemia in T2D patients (2, 4, 5)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the fasting state, plasma glucagon levels in T2D are elevated (1, 6) and fail to sup- press normally after a meal or glucose challenge (7-10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Enhanced glucagon response to arginine also has been dem- onstrated (11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In nonhuman primate models, worsening glycemia is associated not only with decreased beta-cell volume but also relative increase in alpha-cell volume and hyperglucagonemia (12-14)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In individuals with prediabetes, an increased glucagon response to arginine challenge has been shown to predict the development of T2D (15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In nondiabetic (16-18) and T2D (16-20) subjects, impaired suppression of glucagon secre- tion after glucose ingestion is associated with postprandial hyperglycemia, and hyperglucagonemia has been shown to correlate with insulin resistance (16, 18, 21-23)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in these studies, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and T2D had a higher body mass index (BMI), and obesity is an insulin-resistant state (24, 25)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Dysregulation of glucagon secretion has been shown in obese individuals with and without T2D as compared with lean individuals (26, 27)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, it is not clear whether the altered glu- cagon secretion in these subjects was secondary to obesity, abnormal glucose tolerance, or the underlying defects in insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "To further examine the regulation of glucagon secretion by insulin and glucose in obese subjects, we assessed insulin-mediated suppres- sion of plasma glucagon levels and its relationship with insulin resistance and beta-cell function in obese Hispanic Americans with variable levels of glucose tolerance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The participants included 275 obese subjects of Hispanic American descent who participated in the Veterans Administration Genetic Epidemiology Study (VAGES) study (28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All subjects received a 75-gram 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Based on American Diabetes Association cri- teria, individuals were classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n = 69, BMI = 32.7 ± 0.6, M/F = 23/46); prediabetes, with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100 to 125 mg/dL and a 2-hour plasma glucose of ≥140 to 199 mg/dL (n = 115, BMI = 33.8 ± 0.5, M/F = 37/78); or T2D (n = 91, BMI = 33.9 ± 0.5, M/F = 38/53)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All subjects had normal liver, cardiopulmonary, and kidney function as determined by medical history, physical examination, screening blood tests, electrocardiogram, and urinalysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "NGT and prediabetes subjects were not taking any medi- cation known to affect glucose tolerance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "T2D subjects were either on diet or metformin, which was held on the day of study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No subject participated in any regular phys- ical activity program."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Body weight was stable (±2 kg) for at least 3 months before study in all participants."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, and informed written consent was obtained from each subject before participation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All OGTT studies were performed at the Bartter Clinical Research Unit (BCRU) in the Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital at 7:30 to 8:00 am after a 10- to 12-hour overnight fast."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Before the start of the OGTT, a small poly- ethylene catheter was placed into an antecubital vein for blood withdrawal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At time 0, subjects ingested a 75-g glu- cose solution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Blood samples were collected at −30, −15, 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes for measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On the day of the OGTT, waist and hip circumference was measured with a Gulick tape measure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After a 10- to 12-hour overnight fast, a subset of parti- cipants (26 NGT, 37 prediabetes, 27 T2D) received a 120-minute euglycemic insulin clamp (40 mU/m 2 •min) (29)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Before the start of the euglycemic insulin clamp, a catheter was placed into an antecubital vein for the infu- sion of all test substances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A second catheter was placed retrogradely into a vein on the dorsum of the hand which was placed in a heated box (60 °C) for arterialized blood withdrawal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During insulin administration, plasma glu- cose was measured every 5 minutes and a variable glucose infusion was adjusted to maintain each subjects' plasma Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/106/5/1398/6125730 by Stanford University user on 07 October 2025 1400 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2021, Vol. 106, No. glucose at his/her fasting level."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In T2D subjects, the plasma glucose concentration was allowed to decline to 100 mg/ dL, at which level it was maintained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The coefficient of vari- ation of plasma glucose was less than 5%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase reaction (Glucose Analyzer from Beckman, Fullerton, CA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Plasma glucagon concentration was measured by radio- immunoassay (Millipore Sigma, Burlington, MA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The intra-assay coefficient of variation for glucagon was 4.9%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Insulin-mediated suppression of glucagon secretion was determined by plasma glucagon/insulin ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Glucagon suppression at 60 minutes during the OGTT was calcu- lated as follows: [1-(glucagon 60 min /glucagon 0 min )] × 100%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Matsuda index (30) was used to assess whole-body insulin sensitivity, using the plasma glucose and C-peptide (CP) concentrations measured during the 2-hour OGTT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mean rate of insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism (M value) during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was calculated to provide an independent measure of in- sulin sensitivity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Beta-cell function was calculated using the formula ΔCP/ΔG ÷ IR, where ΔCP/ΔG is the ratio of the incremental area under the curve (AUC) for plasma C-peptide to the incremental AUC for plasma glucose (ΔAUC-CP/ΔAUC-G) during the 2-hour OGTT, and IR is insulin resistance measured by the inverse of the Matsuda index (31, 32)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Subjects were stratified into 4 groups based on their insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index and M value), and beta-cell function (insulin secretion/insulin resist- ance or disposition index)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Subjects in Quartile 1 (lowest Matsuda insulin sensitivity index or M value) were the most insulin-resistant and subjects in Quartile 4 were the most insulin-sensitive."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Statistical comparisons were performed using Graph Pad Prism 9 (Graph Pad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and NCSS (Version 12, Chicago IL)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Study participants were categorized into equal quartiles of Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion (ΔCpep 0-120 / ΔGlu 0-120 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Plasma glucagon levels and suppression of glucagon during OGTT were related to glucose tolerance status and to quartiles of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion using Spearman's correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Comparison between the quartiles of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function was performed using 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc testing when appropriate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Group comparisons (baseline vs OGTT and baseline vs euglycemic insulin clamp) were performed by Student t test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0010__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The relationship between plasma glucagon/ insulin ratio versus insulin sensitivity and versus insulin se- cretion were determined by Spearman's correlation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The clinical and metabolic characteristics of study participants are shown in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of the 115 subjects with prediabetes, 30 had impaired fasting glucose (IFG), 42 had impaired glu- cose tolerance (IGT) and 43 had combined IFG/IGT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Subjects with NGT were slightly younger than prediabetic and T2D subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was no difference in BMI, waist and hip cir- cumference, or male/female ratio between the 3 groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The FPG and 2-hour OGTT glucose concentration increased from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (Fig. 1A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was no difference in fasting plasma glucagon con- centration between NGT, prediabetes, and T2D subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the fasting plasma glucagon in T2D subjects tended to be higher compared with both NGT and prediabetes (Fig. 1B)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mean plasma glucagon concen- tration during the OGTT at 60 minutes and 120 minutes were similar in NGT and prediabetes groups and slightly, although significantly (P < 0.05), increased in T2D (Fig. 1B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide concentra- tions rose progressively from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (Fig. 1C and 1D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mean plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations during the OGTT at 60 minutes and 120 minutes were significantly increased in prediabetes versus NGT (P < 0.001) and reduced in T2D versus both NGT and prediabetes groups (P < 0.001) (Fig. 1C and 1D)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The fasting plasma glucagon/insulin ratio declined progres- sively from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (P < 0.001) (Fig. 2A)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When subtypes of prediabetes, (ie, IFG, IGT, and IFG/ IGT) are compared, there was a progressive decline in the fasting glucagon/insulin ratio from IFG to IGT to combined IFG/IGT (Fig. 2B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At 60 minutes (Fig. 2C) and 120 min- utes (Fig. 2D) during OGTT, the plasma glucagon/insulin ratio was similar in prediabetes and NGT groups but mark- edly increased in T2D versus both NGT and prediabetes (P < 0.001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When subtypes of prediabetes, (IFG, IGT, and IFG/IGT) were compared, there was a progressive decline in the glucagon/insulin ratio fasting glucagon/insulin ratio at 120 minutes from IFG to IGT to combined IFG/IGT (Fig. 2E)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppression of plasma glucagon at 60 minutes during OGTT compared with fasting glucagon was similar in NGT (10.4%) and prediabetes (9.1%) groups, but sig- nificantly impaired in T2D individuals (3.3%) (P < 0.05)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the OGTT, the number of subjects in whom the 2-hour plasma glucagon concentration was lower than the fasting plasma glucagon was 53/69 (77%) in NGT, 88/115 (77%) in prediabetes, and 64/91 (71%) in T2D (P = NS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There were no significant differences in age, BMI, FPG, 2-hour glucose, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, and in- sulin secretion/insulin sensitivity (disposition) index between subjects with suppressed (2-hour plasma glucagon below fasting plasma glucagon) versus nonsuppressed (2-hour plasma glucagon above fasting plasma glucagon) in the entire group, as well as between NGT, prediabetic, and T2D groups."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Insulin sensitivity, measured with both the Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity and the rate of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism (M values) during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, decreased progressively from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (Fig. 3A and 3B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Subjects were stratified into 4 groups based on their insulin sensitivity; subjects in Quartile 1 were the most insulin-resistant, while those in Quartile 4 were the most insulin-sensitive (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As expected, the greatest number of NGT subjects were in Quartile 4 (most insulin-sensitive) of Matsuda insulin sensitivity index or the M value, and the largest number of individuals with T2D were in Quartile 1 (most insulin- resistant)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The mean plasma glucagon concentration in the fasting state and during the OGTT (0-120 minutes) in relation to quartile of insulin sensitivity is displayed in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both fasting and 2-hour plasma glucagon concentra- tions increased progressively with decreasing insulin sensi- tivity, measured both with the Matsuda index or M value during the euglycemic insulin clamp (Fig. 4A and 4B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The plasma glucagon/insulin ratio progressively declined with worsening insulin resistance (Figs. 5A-5D)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Beta-cell function, measured with insulin secretion/in- sulin resistance (disposition) index, gradually decreased from NGT to prediabetes to T2D (Fig. 3C)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rela- tionship between plasma glucagon concentration and insulin secretion/insulin resistance (disposition) index is displayed in Fig. 4."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As expected, the highest quar- tile of disposition index (Quartile 4, Table 2) contained the highest percentage of individuals with NGT, while the lowest quartile of disposition index contained the highest percentage of individuals with T2D (Quartile 1, Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both fasting and 2-hour plasma glucagon levels increased progressively with worsening beta-cell function (Fig. 4C and 4D) and the glucagon/insulin ratio decreased progressively with declining beta-cell function (Fig. 5E and 5F)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fig. 6A) and beta-cell function (disposition index, r = 0.35; P < 0.001) (Fig. 6B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During OGTT, the glucagon/insulin ratio at 60 minutes (Fig. 6C) and 120 min- utes (Fig. 6D) was inversely correlated with beta-cell func- tion (disposition index, r = −0.47; P < 0.001 and r = −0.32; P < 0.001, respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Glucagon suppression during the OGTT (r = −0.53; P < 0.001) was inversely correlated with the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in nondiabetic subjects, but not in prediabetic or T2D subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To identify factors contributing to the impaired suppres- sion of glucagon and fasting hyperglycemia, we performed a multiple regression analysis using glucagon/insulin ratio as a dependent variable and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index, fasting glucose, and insulin secretion (ΔI I0-120 /ΔG 0-120 ) as independent variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Together, Matsuda insulin sensi- tivity index, fasting glucose, and the insulinogenic index explained 61% (r 2 = 0.605; P < 0.001) of the variation in fasting glucagon/insulin ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, when the FPG con- centration was the dependent variable, and fasting glucagon to insulin ratio, glucagon suppression at 120 minutes, and glucagon to insulin ratio at 60 minutes were independent variables, together they explained 51% of variation in fasting glucose level (r 2 = 0.506; P < 0.005)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present results demonstrate that, in a large cohort of obese Hispanic American subjects with a wide range of glu- cose tolerance, both the fasting and OGTT plasma glucagon concentrations and the glucagon/insulin ratio progressively worsened with increasing insulin resistance and declining beta-cell function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Impaired suppression of glucagon by in- sulin during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp also progressively declined with worsening glucose tolerance."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the present study we focused on obese subjects be- cause: (i) obese subjects are at high risk of developing dia- betes; (ii) a recent study (33) suggested that obese subjects have a lower fasting plasma glucagon concentration that results from elevated fasting insulin levels secondary to insulin resistance; and (iii) although several studies (15- 17) have reported increased plasma glucagon levels in prediabetes versus NGT subjects, there were significant dif- ferences in BMI between the 2 groups (16, 18, 27)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite similar BMIs between the NGT, prediabetes, and T2D groups, the results clearly show that fasting and 2-hour plasma glucagon levels increase with worsening glucose tolerance as well as with worsening insulin resistance and declining beta-cell function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The plasma glucagon concentration during the OGTT failed to suppress (ie, return to the fasting level during the OGTT) in 21% to 28% of the participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Importantly, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of nonsuppressed plasma glucagon levels between NGT, prediabetic, and T2D individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, when stratified by quartiles of insulin sensitivity, there was a marked dif- ference in mean plasma glucagon concentration during the OGTT between subjects in the lowest and highest quar- tiles of insulin sensitivity (Fig. 4A and 4B)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This suggests that the impaired glucagon suppression is more strongly related with insulin resistance than with plasma glucose levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our results are consistent with those reported by Faerch et al in Danish subjects (16)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Both glucose and insulin are important regulators of the plasma glucagon concentration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion both by paracrine mechanisms and elevated plasma levels (34, 35), while glucose inhibits glucagon by increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in the alpha-cell (36)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The current study design does not allow us to determine whether there is resistance to the suppressive effect of glucose or insulin or both."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the current study, plasma glucagon levels are clearly more affected by insulin sensitivity and beta- cell function than by the plasma glucose level per se."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The changes in plasma glucagon levels were more pro- nounced when measured by change in quartiles of in- sulin sensitivity than changes in plasma glucose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Elevated fasting glucagon levels have been associated with insulin resistance, measured by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, in nondiabetic subjects, suggesting insulin resist- ance at the level of pancreatic alpha-cells (37)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In the present study, we show that a similar relationship also exists in individuals with prediabetes and T2D."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Among the subtypes of prediabetes, our data suggests that there is a progressive worsening in suppression of glucagon when moving from isolated IFG to combined IFG/IGT, which could be explained by worsening insulin sensi- tivity and insulin secretion in isolated IFG versus com- bined IFG/IGT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Impaired plasma glucagon suppression in response to meals and hypersecretion in response to arginine have pre- viously been shown (11, 38)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present study demon- strates that elevated plasma glucagon levels are present in the fasting state as well as at the 60-minute and 120-minute time points during an oral glucose load."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our results differ from those of Faerch et al, who showed that impaired glu- cagon suppression in T2D patients during an OGTT was most marked at 30 minutes, while a normal decrease was observed at 120 minutes (16)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our results demonstrate that both early and late glucagon suppression are impaired in T2D subjects during the OGTT and contribute to hyper- glycemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This difference could be related to the different ethnic populations that were studied (Mexican Americans versus Caucasians) or the greater severity of insulin resist- ance in our subjects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of note, glucagon response to a mixed meal is different from the glucagon response to OGTT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "While glucose load leads to suppression of glucagon, fol- lowing a mixed meal there is an initial increase in glucagon followed by suppression (39, 40)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It is possible that the glu- cagon response to mixed meal in relation to insulin sensi- tivity could differ from that seen with OGTT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "How insulin sensitivity modulates plasma glucagon levels is not clear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is possible that insulin resistance is present at the level of the pancreatic alpha-cells, which contain insulin receptors and the insulin signal transduction system (34, 41)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Deletion of pancre- atic alpha-cell insulin receptors in mice (αIRKO mice) causes impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, and hyperglucagonemia, demonstrating the important role of the insulin receptor in the regulation of glucagon se- cretion (34)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our results are consistent with the concept that insulin resistance at the level of pancreatic alpha- cell, as well as impaired insulin secretion, contribute to impaired glucagon suppression in T2D."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Consistent with this scenario, insulin has been shown to modulate glucagon secretion by reducing the sensitivity of Katp channels in pancreatic alpha-cells, resulting in decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt activity (42)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "An increase in plasma free fatty acid concentrations has been shown to decrease glucagon secretion in hu- mans (42)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In contrast, a recent study showed that ex- posure of human cultured islets to increased fatty acid levels enhanced glucagon secretion (43)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0027__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Plasma free fatty acid levels were not measured in the present study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In rats, chronic (7 days) exposure to elevated plasma glu- cose levels was shown to augment glucagon secretion, and this was attributed to glucotoxicity (44)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consistent with these results in rodents, we have shown that mild physiologic hyperglycemia (+50 mg/dL) in healthy NGT individuals for 72 hours markedly impairs suppression of glucagon during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (45)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As expected, a novel human monoclonal antibody and competitive antagonist of the glucagon receptor im- proved glycemic control, reduced hepatic glucose pro- duction, and improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in rodent models of obesity and insulin resistance (46)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A glucotoxic effect on pancreatic alpha-cell secretion of glucagon also has been demonstrated in vitro (33), and correction of the hyperglycemia with phlorizin restored the ability of glucose to suppress glucagon secretion (47)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, the present results demonstrate that sup- pression of glucagon secretion is impaired with increasing severity of glucose intolerance and is closely associated with insulin resistance and to a lesser extent with beta-cell dysfunction in obese Hispanic Americans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_916__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read the article titled “Impaired Suppression of Glucagon in Obese Subjects Parallels Decline in Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-cell Function” by Chen and colleagues [1] with great interest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The study has evaluated the relationship of glucagon suppression with insulin resistance and beta-cell function assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies in obese normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) Hispanic population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It demonstrated a progressive increase in both fasting and 2-hour plasma glucagon levels during OGTT, which had a positive correlation with the severity of insulin resistance (IR)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Moreover, the study also showed the decrease in fasting glucagon/insulin ratio to be associated with increasing insulin resistance and declining beta-cell function."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This interesting finding supports that impaired alpha-cell function is more closely related to the development of IR and beta-cell function rather than solely depending on the glycemic levels alone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This prompted us to reanalyze the data of our recently published study [2] involving Asian-Indians with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and NGT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At baseline, the mean age of the population (n = 60) was 36.8 ± 7.6 years and mean body mass index was 25.7 ± 2.8 kg/m2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among the included participants, 80% were females (n = 48) and 20% (n = 12) were males."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was no difference in either fasting glucagon (measured by ELISA; R & D Systems, catalog #DGCG0, AB_2893019) or total area under the curve (AUC) glucagon across body mass index or age quartile."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Sex had also no effect on the plasma glucagon level."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, null], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We did not find any difference in the fasting insulin and glucagon levels among the IGT, IFG, and NGT groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, we found significantly increased fasting glucagon/insulin ratio in the NGT group compared with both the IGT and IFG groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This finding is similar to the study by Xi et al [1]. But, in our study, this ratio did not differ between the IFG and IGT groups, whereas Xi et al noted a progressively decreasing trend in the fasting glucagon/insulin ratio from IFG to IGT to combined IFG/IGT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Notably, we also found that fasting glucagon/insulin ratio decreased progressively with increasing insulin resistance, as measured by Matsuda Index derived from a 2-hour mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The difference in the fasting glucagon/insulin ratio across 4 quartiles of IR was also statistically significant (P < 0.001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, across the quartiles of increasing IR, fasting insulin secretion increased significantly as expected, but fasting glucagon levels were almost similar, suggesting that even in the face of increased insulin, fasting glucagon was not suppressed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This finding is comparable to that of the study being discussed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We also found a positive correlation between the fasting glucagon/insulin ratio with the Matsuda Index (Spearman’s rho: 0.704; P < 0.0001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, the relationship between the beta-cell function as measured by insulin secretion and sensitivity index-2 from the 2-hour MMTT [3] and fasting glucagon/insulin was weak (Spearman’s rho: 0.31; P = 0.014)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On the other hand, we found a trend of decreasing fasting glucagon/insulin ratio with declining insulin secretion and sensitivity index-2 values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, this relationship did not reach statistical significance, possibly reflecting small sample size of our study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the contrary, meal-stimulated glucagon did not have any relationship with either IR or beta-cell function in our study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was also no correlation found between total AUC glucagon with Homeostatic Model Assessment-IR and beta."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This may reflect the difference in methodology because we used MMTT instead of OGTT and clamp study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, our study did not have a T2DM group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Paradoxically, we found a lesser glucagon secretion during MMTT in the prediabetes individuals compared with the NGT population at 60 and 120 minutes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Hence, there was a negative correlation found between total AUC glucagon and total AUC glucose."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The finding from our study consolidates the idea of impaired glucagon suppression (at least fasting) as a correlate of IR across ethnicities, including Asian-Indians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, this finding paves the way for further studies to assess the relationship of impaired glucagon suppression with both IR and beta-cell function using the gold standard clamp studies in different ethnicities across the world, including Asian-Indians in whom the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes is rising alarmingly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nonetheless, it would be interesting to observe the effect of improved IR through weight loss (including dietary modifications and exercises) on the impaired glucagon suppression in insulin-resistant obese individuals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_916__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Roy et al [1] analyzed plasma glucagon levels in relation to insulin sensitivity in Asian Indians with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and found that their observations are mostly consistent with the results seen in Mexican Americans, particularly in the fasting state [2]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since underlying metabolic abnormalities in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in different populations should be similar, one should not expect to see major differences in results across different ethnicities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The authors demonstrate a progressive decline in fasting glucagon/insulin ratio from NGT to IGT and with worsening insulin sensitivity, based on quartiles of insulin sensitivity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They did not observe any difference in glucagon/insulin ratio between IFG and IGT individuals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_916__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of note, although we showed a trend in declining glucagon/insulin ratio between IFG and IGT groups, the difference was not statistically significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The other possibility could be that the number of participants in each category appears too small in their study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Insulin sensitivity was measured by the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (MI) during a mixed meal test."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Though their observations may be similar, it is not equivalent to MI obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_916__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The other differences between their observations and our results could be explained by the following."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our study enrolled exclusively obese individuals with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27, and there was no difference in BMI between the groups (NGT vs IFG/IGT vs T2DM)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is not clear if there was a difference in BMI in their study population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although plasma glucagon did not differ in relation to BMI, plasma insulin levels are usually higher in obese individuals, which will therefore affect the glucagon/insulin ratio."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Roy et al [1] also note that meal-stimulated glucagon responses did not correlate with either insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is well known that glucagon response following OGTT and a mixed meal are different [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Following an oral glucose load in NGT and IGT patients, there is a progressive decline in glucagon levels whereas following a mixed meal there is usually a transient rise in plasma glucagon followed by a decline, thus the glucagon area under the curve following OGTT and mixed meal cannot be compared."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_916__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "916", "paragraph_id": "triad_916__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, there is congruence between plasma glucagon levels and insulin sensitivity in Asian Indians and Mexican Americans, and we agree that future studies with euglycemic insulin clamps at least in a subset of patients will better characterize this relationship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_916__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Evaluation of this relationship after interventions such as weight loss will provide further insights into the role of glucagon in pathogenesis of T2DM."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_916/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3126845978_W3205078522_W3205801093", "triad_name": "triad_916", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_916__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In keeping with editorial convention, Sbriglia and Žižek spend a number of pages summarizing the chapters of their various authors.⁹ Before doing so, they lay out their own general position from pages 2 through 16, beginning gently and progressing gradually toward the technical heart of their argument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The editors note that from the 1980s until recently, \"materialism\" in the humanities and social sciences referred to a cultural rather than physical materialism, as embodied especially in the works of Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault: \"cultural materialism holds that subjects are by-products of their respective cultural milieus - epiphenomena of socio-symbolic networks and matrices, ideological state apparatuses, and disciplinary techniques and epistemes\" (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They capably observe that at least two different strands of opposition to cultural materialism have emerged, as embodied in two prominent anthologies now roughly a decade old."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Diana Coole and Samantha Frost introduce their New Materialisms collection by rejecting \"substantialist Cartesian or mechanist Newtonian accounts of matter […] [as] simply passive or inert. \"¹⁰ A year later, in The Speculative Turn, Bryant, Nick Srnicek, and I emphasized the need for a realist turn against cultural materialism's obsession with \"texts, discourse, social practices, and human finitude. \"¹¹ Nonetheless, Sbriglia and Žižek assert, \"whatever their differences from cultural materialism, the materialisms and realisms that Bennett and Bryant advocate alongside Coole, Frost, and Harman […] not only share in but also advance the cultural materialist project of placing the subject under In one sense, this assertion of genuine novelty against the hidden traditionalism of one's opponents is simply the sort of thing that philosophers do."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Everyone places a more or less educated bet on where the crux of contemporary philosophy is located; this having been done, all those who fail to follow our own preferred bet are proclaimed to be victims of the same traditional presupposition that we ourselves have overcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In precisely this way, Heidegger depicts the entire previous history of philosophy as a long forgetting of Being countered only by Heidegger himself, and Kant's Copernican Revolution treats his illustrious chain of predecessors as equally \"dogmatic\" through their assumption that the thing-in-itself is accessible to rational proof."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "There is always a dose of exaggeration in such tactics, but also - in successful cases - the glimmer of a new insight that leaves philosophy different from what it was before."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The \"wager\" of the Ljubljana School - to use a term so dear to their fellow traveler Badiou - is that the path forward for philosophy leads not through a rejection of the subject, but instead through a \"doubling down\" (9) on Hegel's claim that substance is subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Additionally, there is a further wager that we must also replace the lucid modern \"Cartesian subject\" with a \"barred\" Lacanian subject traumatized by its disgusting encounter with the real: a model said to be already at work in both Hegel and his one-time friend F. W. J. Schelling."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Ljubljana's commitment to this twofold vision is famously durable, intense, and prolific."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Must we now follow the lead of the Ljubljana School and push forward with subject-oriented philosophy grounded in psychoanalysis, or should we instead view this current as a once-refreshing challenge to continental orthodoxy that is now showing its age in the face of one or more newly emerging trends? These are the stakes of the half-declared war of Subject Lessons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a helpful analogy, let's imagine that the pre-Socratic thinker Thales of Miletus, famous for his doctrine that water is the first principle of everything, had lived to see Kant's Copernican Revolution replace the Wolffian rendering of Leibnizian philosophy that preceded it in Germany."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We might well picture Thales speaking as follows, in the manner of Sbriglia and Žižek: \"Whatever Kant's differences from Leibniz, the transcendental philosophy he advocates not only shares in but also advances Leibniz's project of placing water under erasure.\" Since water is no longer taken seriously as one of the building blocks of philosophy, we would probably just laugh at Thales and move on."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Yet the claim would be far from laughable for any odd soul who might still think that water is the root of all existence."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is a crucial difference from the present case, of course, since water is philosophically irrelevant to both Kant and Leibniz, while the subject is anything but irrelevant to the \"New Materialists\": for all of them, the supremacy of the human subject is the chief obstacle to any philosophy that foregrounds the object."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Yet the point remains: to claim that cultural materialism and the \"New Materialisms\" are united in \"erasing the subject\" is only relevant to those who assume in advance that the subject is the necessary core of a genuine contemporary philosophy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It makes no difference whether we accept the \"Cartesian subject,\" replace it in cultural materialist fashion with \"ideological interpellation and discursive formation,\" (3) or embrace an edgier, Ljubljanized subject characterized by a \"tarrying with the negative,\" plunged into \"the night of the world,\" betrayed by the \"cunning of reason,\" standing at the mercy of the unconscious, or haunted by a death drive (3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The problem is that in all three of these cases, we have human thought on one side and everything else on the other, no matter how turbulent our model of the subject may be."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What neither Foucault, nor Althusser, nor Kant, nor Hegel, nor Schelling, nor Husserl, nor Heidegger, nor Žižek himself is able to think is the interaction of two non-human entities when not under some sort of human surveillance: this is simply ruled out of court as a form of pre-Kantian dogmatism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It will be said, according to the old post-Kantian trope, that even to think this interaction is already to put it under surveillance, so that the very idea is nonsensical."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This attitude is precisely what OOO rejects as \"onto- taxonomy,\" referring to the assumption that there are two and only two basic kinds of things in the cosmos: (1) humans, and (2) everything else.¹² This is what makes it so pointless when Sbriglia and Žižek complain that \"from the Hegelo-Lacanian perspective, what new materialists and realists understand as  12 See Harman, \"The Only Exit from Modern Philosophy.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sbriglia and Žižek's Subject Lessons  317 'subject' simply fails to meet the criteria of the subject\" (14-15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For by the same token we could say that from Thales' perspective, what Leibniz and Kant understand as \"water\" is merely a minor chemical substance, and therefore simply fails to meet the criteria of water as the arche of everything."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Perhaps more to the point, from a OOO perspective what Hegelo-Lacanians call objet petit a simply fails to meet the criteria of the object, since it reduces the object to a correlate of the subject's desire."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This sort of dispute needs to be conducted at a more basic level than merely accusing one's opponents of an inability to account for one's own pet entities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The need for such entities to exist must first be established, and this certainly holds for the \"subject\" of modern philosophy, whose theoretical downside is at least as obvious as its benefits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Otherwise, we might just as well invite Reichians to dismiss Lacan on the basis that he cannot account for the existence of \"orgone.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sounding the alarm about the disappearance of the subject is just one of several ways that Subject Lessons preaches to the converted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another can be found in Sbriglia and Žižek's mockery of the quest for a \"re-enchantment\" of the world by way of a \"posthumanist reversion to a pre-modern ontology\" (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The word \"pre-modern\" seems to have been deliberately chosen to evoke not just a specific period of philosophy, but a purported allegiance by \"New Materialists\" to an irrational, unenlightened, unscientific, and mythical past."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "I do not exaggerate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Just one page later, the editors compare flat ontology - the fairly basic notion that all entities must be treated by philosophy on an equal footing - to \"a Tolkienesque world of magical forces in which the subject is merely one among countless vital objects,\" (10) before repeating the slap in a footnote: \"little wonder, then, that the pluriverse envisioned by neovitalists resembles the Middle-Earth of Tolkien's Lord of the Rings, the defining work of fantasy literature\" (27n57)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since no argument in particular is made for the purported resemblance between the \"New Materialists\" and the workings of Middle Earth, this would appear to be an instance of reverse projection: rather than the \"New Materialists\" being obsessed with enchantment, Ljubljana seems obsessed with the disenchantment of the world, as if this were the very key to enlightenment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Žižek's first critique of OOO, published in 2016, already sounded this note: \"the main target of OOO is thus not transcendental philosophy with its subject/ object dualism, but modern science with its vision of 'gray' reality reduced to mathematical formalization: OOO tries to supplement modern science with a premodern ontology which describes the 'inner life' of things\"¹³ (177)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Not at all."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The OOO critique of modern science is not for its \"grayness,\" but for its literalism in reducing objects to bundles of qualities: a pivotal argument mentioned nowhere in Subject Lessons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In any case, the \"Tolkien\" jabs will no doubt earn much laughter from Žižek's loyal readership, but they fail to advance the discussion a single step."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0007__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They are little more than morale-boosting jests among friends in a beer hall."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is fortunate that Sbriglia and Žižek do eventually show their hand as honestly as one could wish."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their highest-ranking card is the same one thrown down by so many others in post-Kantian philosophy: the sheer impossibility of old-fashioned realism in the face of the closed circle of transcendental thought. As they put it, any \"naïve notion of fully constituted material reality as the sole true reality outside our minds, of materiality as 'all,' relies on the overlooked exception of material reality's transcendental constitution […]\" (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After all, how can anyone claim to speak of a reality apart from the subject when that same person is already a subject?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here they find fault with an unusual trio of thinkers: \"Lenin, but also […] Bennett and Bryant, all […] fail to account for the very position of the enunciation of the subject whose mind 'reflects' matter\" (9). And later: \"From where does the subject […] who deploys these object-oriented ontologies, these thing-power materialisms, speak? From what standpoint? Such theories obviously cannot be uttered from the position of merely one object among others\" (15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The editors inform us that, as German Idealism knew all along, \"the more we try to isolate reality as it is 'in itself,' independently of the way we relate to it, the more this In-itself falls back into the domain of the transcendentally constituted, always already caught in the transcendental circle\" (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This leads Sbriglia and Žižek to make a heroic call \"to fearlessly think through the consequences of rejecting 'objective reality' […]\" (10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The reader will be  13 Žižek, \"Afterword: Objects, Objects Everywhere,\" 17. 318  Graham Harman forgiven for saying that this sounds like a Berkeleyan solipsism, though we will soon be reminded of why the editors think it is not."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before moving on, we should say something about the Ljubljana School's unusual relation to Meillassoux, whom they tend to see as an opponent who gets things basically wrong, despite the fact that there is a tremendous degree of agreement between them."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An early taste of this aversion can be had from Žižek's remark in Less Than Nothing that \"the problem is not to think the Real outside of transcendental correlation, independently of the subject [as Meillassoux attempts]; the problem is to think the Real inside the subject, the hard core of the Real in the very heart of the subject, its ex-timate center. \"¹⁴ Zupančič says much the same a few years later in her well-received book What IS Sex?: \"[ Meillassoux's Great Outdoors] is a fantasy that conceals the Real that is already right here. \"¹⁵ Johnston's article \"Hume's Revenge\" is even harder on Meillassoux, although mostly in connection with the latter's speculations on a virtual God.¹⁶ But while it is true that Meillassoux ultimately seeks a reality both prior and posterior to human consciousness - and to this extent is closer to traditional realism than anyone in the Ljubljana orbit - it is generally ignored that he accepts the same closed circle of thought on which Sbriglia and Žižek depend."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That is to say, Meillassoux accepts the limit that correlationism places on speculation about reality itself, as seen in his widely overlooked remarks at the 2007 Goldsmiths SR workshop:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I insist on this point - the exceptional strength of this [correlationist] argumentation, apparently and desperately implacable."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Correlationism rests on an argument as simple as it is powerful, and which can be formulated in the following way: No X without givenness of X, and no theory about X without a positing of X. If you speak about something, you speak about something that is given to you, and posited by you.¹⁷"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So impressed is Meillassoux by the correlational circle (\"you can't think something outside thought without turning it into a thought\") that far from \"refuting\" it by way of the arche-fossil, he has to invent a rather complicated argument for how to get out of the circle, albeit one I have argued is faulty.¹⁸"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Obviously, the insistence that we are unable to escape the closed circle of thought immediately raises the specter of an extreme form of idealism, which is why I alluded to Berkeley above.¹⁹ Ljubljana foresees such objections and already has prepared responses, such as Žižek's appeal to \"the hard core of the Real in the very heart of the subject\" and Zupančič's \"Real that is already right here.\" Against \"the autonomous bourgeois monad or ego or individual,\" what is defended is \"the idea, as Freud earlier articulated it, that 'the ego is not master in its own house,' which means that subjectivity/subjectivation concerns not the ego but the unconscious\" (8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This explains the group's attraction to Schelling, with his gap between Existence and Ground of Existence rumbling within - if not beneath - the given, like a Lacanian cut or fracture in the subject itself (9)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "My response is that neither Schelling nor Maurice Merleau-Ponty - another figure who claims to be on the scent of a purely immanent Real - escapes the onto-taxonomical assumption that the two basic poles of reality are (a) the human, and (b) everything else.²⁰ Moreover, we find no discussion of relations between two non-human objects, which make up the vast majority of interactions in the cosmos."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There is a related problem with Sbriglia and Žižek's claim that \"prior to fully existent reality, there is […] a chaotic 'non-all' proto-reality, a pre-ontological virtual fluctuation of a not yet fully constituted Real."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In short, from the dialectical materialist standpoint, the true formula of materialism is that material reality is non-all\" (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "While such language of the \"non-all\" is comfortably reminiscent of Badiou's recourse to the transfinite mathematics of Georg Cantor, its link with materialism is by no means clear.²¹ As Bryant notes about a similar passage: That brings us to the topic of Lacan's objet petit a, or simply objet a, referring to the uttainable object of desire."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The polar opposite of any autonomous thing-in-itself, objet a is \"an entity that has no substantial consistency, which is in itself […] 'nothing but confusion,' 'naught but shadows/Of what is not',\" (12) as Bushy puts it in Shakespeare's Richard II."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Stated differently, \"the [objet a] is a weird, alien object which is nothing but the inscription of the subject itself into the field of objects in the guise of a stain that acquires form only when part of this field is anamorphically distorted by the subject's desire\" (12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This weird, alien object is not just another species to be added to the objects already found in the OOO bestiary, but is meant to replace real objects altogether: \"we pass from the secret core of an object inaccessible to other objects (the 'withdrawal' thesis of Harman and Bryant's object-oriented ontology) to inaccessibility as such\" (12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Objet a \"is not simply the excess of the In-itself, what Harman characterizes as the 'withdrawn,' volcanic core of objects […]\" (10)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Instead, it represents the hard core of a Real that is not hidden, but already right here in front of us."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0012__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Moreover, objet a itself turns out to be the \"objective correlative\" of the subject:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As defined by Lacan, the objet petit a is a strange object which is not only lacking, never fully here, always eluding the subject, but which is in itself nothing but the embodiment, the materialization of a lack."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That is to say, since the subject is the self-appearing of nothing, its \"objective correlative\" can only be a strange object whose nature is to be the embodiment of nothing, an \"impossible\" object, an object the entire being of which is an embodiment of its own impossibility, an object whose status is that of an anamorphosis, a distorted projection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "( 11)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we have seen, no withdrawn real objects are permitted by the Ljubljana School."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is due initially to its allegiance to the closed circle of thought as deployed by German Idealism against the Kantian Ding an sich. But it is further cemented by its ontologization of psychoanalysis as a theory not just about the psyche, but - since only a psyche can pursue philosophy - about reality as a whole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For this reason we only have the subject, which is \"nothing but its own inaccessibility, its own failure to be substance\"  22 Bryant, Onto-Cartography, 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The citation from Žižek comes from The Parallax View, 17. 23 For another argument that materialism is actually a secret form of idealism see Latour, \"Can We Get Our Materialism Back, Please?\" 320  Graham Harman (12; emph. removed) along with its \"objective correlative\" the objet a."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is not entirely clear, however, why the failure of the subject would lead it to generate an objective correlative in the first place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Objet a is a perfectly fascinating psychoanalytic concept, and no doubt goes a long way toward explaining the vicissitudes of human desire and the clinical phenomenon of transference."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "But psychoanalysis alone cannot establish that we must dispose of any object that is not merely the \"objective correlative\" of a subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "That only makes sense if we agree with Ljubljana - and their unrecognized ally Meillassoux - that the correlational circle is a strong argument, a topic to which I will return at the end of this article."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before moving on, we should raise the issue of relationism in philosophy, mentioned briefly above in connection with Whitehead."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A relational ontology is one in which there are no autonomous or independent elements, but only a network in which each term gains its reality differentially from the others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Along with Whitehead's \"philosophy of organism,\" Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory is another such case, and most people read the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure in this way.²⁴ OOO is adamantly opposed to such extreme relational theories, on the grounds that if entities are fully deployed in their current relations, there is nothing in them that could disengage from those relations and enter into others."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Change is impossible if objects are \"overmined\" into their current effects on other things.²⁵ Here, Sbriglia and Žižek take the opposite tack once again."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whereas Bryant insists - as do I - on the nonrelational core of every object, the editors cite Lacan in making the opposite assertion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In their words: \"for Lacan, the subject is precisely a non-substantial entity, an object that is entirely - indeed, is perforce - reducible to its relations to other entities\" (14)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "They conclude as follows: \"a truly radical materialism can only be a dialectical materialism […] according to which the subject is a purely relational entity - indeed, is nothing but this very relationality\" (14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As might be expected, this entails that objet a - as the mere \"objective correlative\" of the subject - also has a purely relational structure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "On this point Žižek cites Lacan from Seminar XX as saying that \"[t]he reciprocity between the subject and object a is total\"²⁶ (14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0016__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "But this leaves at least two questions hanging in midair."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, if the reciprocity between subject and objet a is \"total,\" we have to wonder where the rest of sense experience comes from: namely, the massive banal portion that is not cathected in the form of unfulfillable objects of desire."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If this giant commonplace sensory mass exists in total reciprocity with the subject as well, then we have a form of Berkeleyan idealism without God; if it does not, then we have no idea where it might come from."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, the notion of the subject as pure relational reciprocity makes an uneasy fit with Žižek's further description of the subject as \"an excremental little piece of the Real, a recalcitrant, unsymbolizable remainder of every signifying process\" (14)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For it is unclear why any system of pure relational reciprocity would even be able to have such a \"recalcitrant, unsymbolizable remainder.\" Any such remainder should apparently stem from outside the relational system. And given that Lacan's Real is not an autonomous thing-in-itself, but simply a wound to the subject, this Real cannot provide anything more than an immanent remainder: in other words, it is no remainder at all."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "McGowan's chapter has an amusing point of departure that he turns to real philosophical effect. \" According to Fichte,\" he reminds us, \"philosophy is inevitably caught up in a perpetual struggle between idealism and what he calls dogmatism (but which we would call materialism.) Though Fichte hopes to sway the reader in the direction of his version of Kantian idealism, he freely admits that neither side can persuade the other\" (68)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This points to a possible element of choice at the basis of any philosophy: a theme so prominent in Heidegger and the existentialists, and more recently in Badiou's notion of fidelity to Sbriglia and Žižek's Subject Lessons  321 the event."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The status of this topic is far from settled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "But McGowan prefers to emphasize the humorous polemical consequences of the situation: \"Since both idealists and materialists operate with an unquestioned fundamental principle […] in order to convince his reader about the superiority of idealism relative to materialism, Fichte has no alternative but to resort to name-calling\" (68)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As even the casual reader of Fichte knows, his name-calling skills are extraordinary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "McGowan offers the following sample: \"What sort of philosophy one chooses depends, therefore, on what sort of man one is […] A person indolent by nature or dulled and distorted by mental servitude, learned luxury, and vanity will never raise himself to the level of idealism. \"²⁷ Quickly showing his own sense of fair play, McGowan notes that there is another side to the story, as represented most famously by Marx: \"Subsequent thinkers haven't found Fichte's attempt at moral blackmail all that convincing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, after Marx inaugurates his materialist revolution that upends German Idealism, the moral valence of the decision undergoes a thoroughgoing transformation\" (68)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Even so, Marx turns out to be just a mirror image of Fichte: \"At no point does Marx attempt to refute the idealist position through an argument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Instead, he meets idealism with assertion and ridicule\" (69)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As we read in one of Marx's gentler statements on the matter: \"It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but their social existence that determines their consciousness. \"²⁸ When it comes to more contemporary thinkers, McGowan goes so far as to claim that Badiou remains on the Fichtean side of the fence, and - perhaps less controversially - that Heidegger too remains stranded in idealism (79n5)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For McGowan himself there is no deadlock at all, since the opposition between idealism and materialism is already successfully overcome by Hegel: \"at the moment when Hegel becomes Hegel, he comes to see the inseparability of idealism and materialism\" (70)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The familiar term McGowan uses for the Hegelian solution is \"objective idealism,\" though we can leave this term for our discussion of Johnston below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "More pressing here is the particular set of themes in Hegel that McGowan wishes to emphasize."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although none of them is especially shocking for the reader of Hegel, they do lay the groundwork for McGowan's critique of OOO:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. The Kantian thing-in-itself is nonsense."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Contradiction is not found in our inability to think about reality (as Kant holds) but in reality itself."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. This central status of contradiction entails a relational model of philosophy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It should already be clear that McGowan is as anti-object-oriented as he could possibly be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After all, OOO stresses precisely the opposite of the three principles just listed: (1) Kant's thing-in-itself is real, (2) there is no contradiction in reality itself, and (3) relational models of philosophy automatically collapse through their own inherent weakness."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like a number of authors in Subject Lessons, McGowan indulges in psychoanalysis of the philosophical positions with which he happens to disagree."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For instance, Kant's views on the impossibility of moral perfection are diagnosed as a form of \"hysteria,\" although one might have expected a verdict of obsessional neurosis instead (71)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In McGowan's view, \"Kant needs someone - the world - to play the bad guy, which is how hysteria operates\" (71)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The same critique extends to the very notion of the thing-in- itself, which cannot be accessed any more directly than pure duty can in the ethical field."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But McGowan's diagnosis of Kant is of less interest than the positive, Hegelian alternative he offers: \"Our knowledge cannot remain at a remove from what it knows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It cannot treat what it encounters as phenomena distinct from things-in-themselves\" (71)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather than making use of the \"circle of thought\" objection to the Ding an sich discussed in the previous section, McGowan makes dubious use of one of Hegel's funniest but least convincing passages."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The version McGowan selects is the one from the Philosophy of Nature: \"Of a metaphysics prevalent today which maintains that we cannot know things because they are absolutely shut to us, it might be said that not even the animals are so stupid as these metaphysicians; for they go after things, seize and consume them. \"²⁹ (A similar passage, of course, can be found in the Phenomenology of Spirit.³⁰) The problem with this  27 Fichte, The Science of Knowledge, 16."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "rebuke to the thing-in-itself is that it confuses inaccessibility with indestructibility."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "I am not aware of Kant ever arguing that the in-itself must be eternal in the manner of Platonic forms, and even if he did, we would not be bound to accept such a conception of the an sich."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Admittedly, McGowan's main argument is slightly different, and hinges on the inherent anti-idealist properties of action: \"Acting lifts us out of our hermetically sealed idealism\" (70). But while action is an intriguing path to follow against the thing-in-itself, McGowan overplays his hand: \"When we act, we cut into the world of objects and reveal that it is not epistemologically off-limits in the way that Kant and Fichte would have it\" (71-72)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are several problems with this, the first being the failure to consider that Fichte himself spent a good deal of time thinking about action, and simply reached different conclusions on the matter from Hegel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The second problem is that the ability to act says nothing about whether the things are accessible \"epistemologically,\" which concerns knowledge rather than action."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "But the main problem here is the same as with Hegel's claim about animals and eating."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Namely, our ability to act on things - which no one denies - does not mean we are able to act on them directly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We will consider this topic more closely below, when considering Rothenberg's chapter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But the real heart of McGowan's chapter is the notion of contradiction as existing in the world itself rather than merely in the impasses of human thinking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whereas Kant treats his famous antinomies as red flags warning of the limits of human cognition, Hegel treats them positively: \"According to Hegel, [the antinomies do not] mark reason's failure but its success."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The moment at which reason runs into contradiction indicates a contradiction in being itself that reason grasps through its own contradictions\" (72)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "He notes that this sharply distinguishes Hegel from Karl Popper, whose falsificationist model of science treats any contradiction as spelling the catastrophic end of a theory.³¹ Spirit, in its \"fundamental masochism\" (74), can endure contradiction in a way that lifeless materials cannot."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "McGowan's crowning defense of contradiction had appeared earlier on the same page:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Contradiction manifests itself in the becoming of every entity that exists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is no entity that simply is what it is."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Instead, every entity is both itself and what it is not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is the fundamental contradiction that defines the entity as such."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If any entity were only itself and had no reference to what it was not, it could not exist in contrast with other entities. ( 74) This insistence on the truth of contradiction is reminiscent of the analytic philosopher Graham Priest, whose \"dialetheism\" asserts the existence of true contradictions, and the consequent downfall of any strict principle of identity.³² While this runs counter to my own and Meillassoux's differing defenses of identity, no less a OOO figure than Timothy Morton relies extensively on Priest's position, which is perhaps made easier by Morton's pre-OOO roots in the philosophy of Jacques Derrida - another prominent skeptic of identity.³³ At any rate, McGowan's focus on contradiction leads him straight to a relational ontology, on the basis that \"[c]ontradiction is revealed through interaction\" (74)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "And with this conclusion, his third anti-OOO principle is established."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To solidify his case, McGowan notes OOO's roots in Heidegger and its relative lack of reliance on Hegelian principles."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, he misinterprets several key points in the OOO interpretation of Heidegger, in ways that sometimes make his argument difficult to follow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While McGowan is certainly right that Heidegger - like Edmund Husserl - treats the question of the existence of the external world as a false problem from the outset, he is wrong to imply that OOO greets this as a liberation from stale epistemological problems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Instead, OOO is openly horrified by this aspect of Husserl and Heidegger, which it regards as setting the table for a long tradition of mediocrity in continental meditations on reality- in-itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, I complained in discussion with Manuel DeLanda that \"the usual procedure, following in the footsteps of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, is to treat realism as a pseudo-problem. \"³⁴ As a rule, OOO would much rather pose the question of the objective existence of the world than deny the question's pertinence, as happens in nearly all strands of phenomenology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "McGowan  31 Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "That said, the weight of McGowan's argument about Heidegger comes to rest in his treatment of the distinction between \"worldless\" stones, \"world-poor\" animals, and \"world-forming\" humans in the widely read 1929/30 lecture course, which McGowan contrasts with Hegel's approach.³⁹ On the whole, McGowan's critique of Heidegger's threefold schema is persuasive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As he rightly notes, the world-poverty of animals is never sufficiently illuminated by Heidegger, and the resulting distinction between stones and humans gives us little more than commonsensical banality: (75) the stone is worldless because it is aware of nothing, while humans are \"world-forming\" since they partake in language and are open to the world (76)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Here, McGowan announces, is where Heidegger will \"[pay] a steep price\" for his abandonment of subjectivity in favor of Dasein - though to repeat, OOO denies that the move from the subject to Dasein changes much at all."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As McGowan has it, what is the steep price that Heidegger pays but Hegel avoids? His first step toward an answer is puzzling, but not obviously wrong."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here are McGowan's words on the matter:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For Kant, Heidegger's claim that the stone is worldless would already be going too far."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though we might discuss the stone as a phenomenon, we cannot say anything about its status in-itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By identifying it with worldlessness, Heidegger steps beyond the limits that govern knowledge […]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Kant's thought, our worldliness depends on not making claims about the worldlessness of stones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( 76)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Is it really the case that Kant's conception of the thing-in-itself leaves him skeptical about our ability to make any statement at all about stones lacking inner life, while Heidegger's assertion that being-in-the- world eliminates the distance between Dasein and things makes him feel empowered to utter bald-faced statements about the status of non-human entities? I had not thought of it this way before, though I suspect McGowan is overstating both Kant's caution in making such statements and Heidegger's dogmatism in doing so."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In any case, the real problem is that McGowan goes on to ascribe this way of looking at things to OOO itself: \"This is precisely why object-oriented ontologists find Heidegger's ontology more hospitable than Kant's."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even though Heidegger sustains a radical difference between the relations are haunted by a noumenal surplus even when no humans are on the scene, this is the main point of Heidegger's superiority for us."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a final twist to McGowan's argument, and while it is pleasingly counterintuitive, it also repeats a problem we encountered in Sbriglia and Žižek."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here is McGowan: \"the moment that he avoids the distinction between subject and object, Heidegger loses the ability to recognize the nature of the difference between the subject and other entities [namely, a special relationship with contradiction]\" (77)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Quite apart from OOO's refusal of the idea that Heidegger is a flat ontologist who smooths out the difference between Dasein and everything else, McGowan is simply repeating the Sbriglia/Žižek charge (already made by Žižek solo against Bryant in 2016) that what OOO thinks as subject does not meet the criteria for subjecthood.⁴⁰ Stated differently, McGowan is left with the tautology that since Heidegger no longer recognizes a fundamental difference between subject and object, he is unable to see what makes the subject so special."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "I do not doubt that humans can do many things that other entities cannot, that in psychoanalytic terms we are distinguished even from other animals by repression and castration, that history plays an eminent role in human existence but not in the vegetable kingdom, and so forth. What has not been demonstrated is that the human subject is ontologically special, a claim that makes sense only for those who accept the Cartesian assumption that we have direct access to thought but indirect access to everything else."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let's end this section with a final word about McGowan's reversal of Heidegger's worldless/world- forming schema, a reversal that I for one find interesting and imaginative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whereas Heidegger adopts the commonsensical stance that stones have no world but humans are very much immersed in one, McGowan sees Hegel as holding the contrary view: \"Although Hegel doesn't theorize the stone as world-forming, he does see it as fully in the world in a way that the subject cannot be\" (77)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "That is to say, the stone is so fully delivered to the world as to be possibly shattered by causal forces with no hope of active self-preservation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "McGowan continues: \"Hegel defines the organic as that which has the ability not to be simply a victim of its world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unlike the inorganic, the organic reacts to the destruction that the world heaps on it with self- restoration\" (77)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This power of self-restoration is one that McGowan interprets not in the biological sense of immune response and regeneration, but in the ontological sense of contradiction. And this is where his article finally comes to rest, at the same unconvincing point toward which it has always been signaling:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We know that the stone is not self-identical, that it is not an independent substance, because it is capable of breaking. But the stone is not a subject, a being that makes its ability to break apart its founding principle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though it can suffer violence from the external world, the stone lacks the ability to perform any violence toward itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is divided against itself, but not in a way that grants it any purchase upon contradiction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "( 78)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second part of this passage is insufficiently clear about the difference between a thing being merely divided against itself, or divided against itself in a way that \"grants it purchase upon contradiction,\" and thus it will be convincing only to those already in the Ljubljana camp."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The bigger problem comes at the beginning of the passage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The claim that a thing cannot be self-identical if it is capable of breaking is not only introduced without argument, but is made in the face of the glaring counterexample of Aristotle: who was both the philosopher of self-identical substance par excellence and one of the great thinkers of motion and growth."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Johnston's chapter is framed explicitly as a response to his critics, myself included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since Johnston is a personal friend, and I fully expect to engage him in further debate in the future, this section will limit itself to one key point."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Namely, he is especially perturbed by what I do with a particular passage from Žižek's conversations with Glyn Daly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The relevant words from Žižek are as follows:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 2, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The true formula of materialism is not that there is some noumenal reality beyond our distorting perception of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The only consistent materialist position is that the world does not exist - in the Kantian sense of the term, as a self-enclosed whole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The notion of the world as a positive universe presupposes an external observer, an observer not caught in it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The very position from which you can perceive the world as a self-enclosed whole is the position of an external observer."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is thus paradoxically this radical perspectivism which allows us to formulate a truly materialist position, not that the world exists outside the mind, but that our mind does not exist outside the world.⁴¹"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It would be an exaggeration to say that there is \"a lot going on\" in this passage, since the exact number of things going on is three. ( 1) Žižek denies \"noumenal reality,\" (2) Žižek denies that the world is a self- enclosed whole, and (3) Žižek asserts that the world could only be a self-enclosed whole if there were an external observer to look at it, but no such observer can possibly exist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The dispute between me and Johnston turns on points (1) and (2), while (3) is one of the key arguments that recurs throughout the chapters of Subject Lessons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Let's consider the situation briefly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In essence, Johnston charges me with deliberately distorting the Žižek passage above by ending after \"the world does not exist\" instead of giving the full context for this phrase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Johnston's words, \"Harman latches onto the line 'the world does not exist' without acknowledging the crucial caveat immediately following it: 'in the Kantian sense of the term, as a self-enclosed whole.' What this caveat unambiguously indicates is that Žižek does anything but, as Harman falsely charges, deny the real world's existence tout court\" (127)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Yet the reason I elided the part about the world as a \"self-enclosed whole\" is its distracting irrelevance to my argument."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When Žižek denies \"some noumenal reality beyond our distorting perception of it,\" this is not an accusation aimed at the Kantian noumena specifically, but at the idea of a reality \"beyond our distorting perception of it.\" In other words, for Žižek, reality is simply not something that exists apart from our encounter with it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This view is entirely unsurprising given his admiration for Hegel and Lacan, who argue respectively that the thing-in-itself is just a negativity immanent to thought, and that the Real exists only through being encountered as an unsymbolizable trauma."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nowhere in Hegel do two things-in-themselves interact beyond surveillance by the subject; nowhere in Lacan do two pieces of the Real enter into relation apart from the human subject, however \"barred\" that subject may be."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As a reliably Hegelo-Lacanian thinker despite his numerous innovations, Žižek is not just opposed to a reality beyond our distorting perception of it, but even to a reality that is not beyond our distorting perception of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "What exists for him is simply the subject, the objet a correlated with it, and a Real that does not come from outside in any rigorous sense of the term."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The portion of the passage that Johnston accuses me of eliding is nothing more than a Houdini-like effort by Žižek to escape from idealist handcuffs he has dangerously placed on his own hands."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This effort includes two separate elements: (1) his denial that the world is a self-enclosed whole, and (2) his assertion that such a self-enclosed world would require an observer external to it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The problem with (1) is that there are many different ways to deny that the world is a whole other than Žižek's method, which is to proclaim a subject whose anamorphic squints of desire prevent the world from having any inherent status apart from such squints."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For instance, his part-time ally Badiou also frequently asserts that \"the whole is not,\" but this is based on his interpretation of set theory rather than any Lacanian considerations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "OOO equally denies that reality forms a whole, but for the very different reason that relations are raggedy enough that at any moment some things - called \"dormant objects\" - exist in disconnection from the rest.⁴²  41 Žižek and Daly, Conversations with Žižek, 97."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "There is also Markus Gabriel, who wrote a best seller in Germany literally entitled Why the World Does Not Exist, but on the basis of reasons entirely different from Žižek's, Badiou's, and my own.⁴³ In short, the issue of whether the world is a whole is not the same as that of whether something exists independently of the subject. But point (2) is where we encounter the real soft spot in the argument."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The relevant portion of text is as follows (again, this is Žižek responding to Daly):"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The notion of the world as a positive universe presupposes an external observer, an observer not caught in it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The very position from which you can perceive the world as a self-enclosed whole is the position of an external observer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is thus paradoxically this radical perspectivism which allows us to formulate a truly materialist position, not that the world exists outside the mind, but that our mind does not exist outside the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Let's admire for a moment the sheer audacity of this passage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Žižek is widely known as a gifted promoter and developer of the doctrines that the thing-in-itself is merely an immanent obstacle of thought itself (Hegel), that the object of desire is only the correlate of a posited lack (Lacan), and that the Real exists only in its traumatization of the subject (Lacan)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On this basis, any neutral reader would say there is at least a strong prima facie case for concluding that Žižek is a full-blown idealist, so that one of the most urgent challenges for his position is to account for a reality independent of the mind in sufficiently robust terms."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Given these circumstances, what does he do? Incredibly, he tries to displace the \"observer-dependent\" burden of idealism onto its polar opposite: realism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "After all, the argument runs, those who think the world exists apart from the mind must accept an external observer looking at that world from outside it, in a sort of God's-eye view."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "No matter that no realist actually thinks this, since the whole point of realism is that the world exists (and not necessarily as a \"whole\") whether anyone is looking or not; the mere fact that one says this does not make one an \"observer\" in the same sense that Berkeley's (human or divine) subject is such an observer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In other words, Žižek is trying to argue that if I think of a world outside thought, then precisely through doing so I become an \"external observer\" thinking and talking about the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0048__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This is the same argument that Meillassoux calls the \"correlationist circle.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Žižek's special audacity in this case comes from the fact that he claims not to accept an external observer, but only an internal one. And with the external observer's statement about an independent world now disqualified by her apparent self-contradiction, only the internal observer is left to testify about the world, which makes the latter the only qualified party to tell us that there is anything at all."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Somehow this flagrant idealism is permitted to go by the nickname \"materialism,\" and Žižek conceals this gesture behind an especially clever play on words: as he puts it, materialism means \"not that the world exists outside the mind, but that our mind does not exist outside the world.\" We might just as well say that phenomenology (the most unapologetic idealism of its century) means \"not that no world exists outside the mind, but that no mind exists without a world,\" which is essentially Husserl's argument, after all."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Rothenberg's chapter contains the most detailed engagement with OOO anywhere in Subject Lessons, and for this I am grateful."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Her main concern is the concept of \"allure,\" which she treats as a self-defeating concept whose aims are better addressed by Lacan's notion of \"extimate cause. \"⁴⁵ \"According to Harman,\" Rothenberg reports, \"our failure to know the object-in-itself has nothing to do with the epistemological limitations of the subject but is due to the fact that the object withdraws from itself. For Harman, the object-in-itself has neither qualities nor relations […]\" (190)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "She cites Žižek's criticism that this amounts to \"a quasi-magical reversal of epistemological obstacle into ontological premise,\" such that my position Sbriglia and Žižek's Subject Lessons  327 entails transcendental subjectivity even while claiming to deny it.⁴⁶ Crossing from Hegelian into Lacanian territory, Rothenberg posits that the \"self-withdrawn object\" of OOO should really be understood as objet a, so that its supposed withdrawal is only an imaginary loss, \"the fantasy of a substantialized object that is imagined to rectify the so-called loss accompanying subjectivization\" (191)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, she adds, OOO's attempted prohibition on accessing the in-itself is really just an impossibility, since no in-itself exists."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are several things to be said in response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, it is inaccurate to say that for OOO our failure to know the in-itself is due to its self-withdrawal, since \"withdrawal\" alone (without adding the \"self-\" part) does the trick."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The notion of self-withdrawal occurs in OOO only with reference to the special case in which a specific kind of object (namely, a human being) looks at itself and fails to grasp it directly, just as it fails in the case of any other object."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This will not come as welcome news to the Ljubljana School, which accepts the Hegelo-Lacanian consensus that we do have direct access to the thought-world relation in a way that we do not for object-object relations, despite their great haste to disown the transparent Cartesian subject in favor of a turbulent subject that - in its traumatic madness - never quite coincides with itself."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Whatever the busy efforts of Ljubljana to create a \"wobbly subject,\" as Meillassoux aptly puts it, the object-object interaction is entirely excluded from consideration.⁴⁷ Second, it is not the case that \"for Harman, the object-in-itself has neither qualities nor relations.\" Here there is one serious mistake and one moderate one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The moderate mistake is that the OOO real object (or \"object-in-itself\") does in fact often engage in relations, but only indirectly, through sensual mediators; real objects that are not currently in any relations at all are called \"dormant objects,\" but they may be rather rare."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The serious mistake is the claim that real objects have no qualities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Au contraire!"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0051__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Real objects can have both sensual qualities and real qualities, though the former are found only in cases of allure.⁴⁸ As for Žižek's claim that referring to the withdrawal of objects is a \"quasi-magical\" imputation of a merely epistemological barrier into the object itself, this charge has frequently been made by critics, though none of them have bothered to demonstrate that the barrier is really just \"epistemological.\" This claim is convincing only for those who assume that the circle of thought is valid, so that we must confine our initial remarks to a thought-world correlate, thereby ascribing everything to the \"subject\" pole and nothing to the \"object.\""}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 13, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [13, 13, 13], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now turn to Rothenberg's discussion of the OOO idea of \"allure,\" an intermediate experience in which we have a suggestive indirect access to objects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The idea is crucial for the OOO account of aesthetics, where it is described as the heir of Socratic philosophia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rothenberg's first concern is to claim that OOO allure arises not only from the philosophy of Husserl, but from a flat-out misreading of his work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For instance: \"'allure' is Harman's (mis)appropriation of the Husserlian horizon of indeterminacy\" (196), and \"Harman's reading [of Husserl] constitutes a serious misprision\" (198)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "All right, then: what does a proper appropriation of Husserl look like for Rothenberg? At the very least, it apparently requires that we emphasize an object's horizon of indeterminacy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In her own words: \"No act of consciousness can completely grasp the object, if only because an [intentional] act occurs in the present and the object endures through time […] That is, the object, in Husserl's terms, necessarily transcends the intentional act that fixes its meaning (Sinn) for consciousness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This indeterminate horizon draws consciousness to it\" (196-197)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "So far there is no problem; this is in fact what Husserl says. What is subtly wrong here, however, is the implication that allure is somehow related to Husserl's indeterminate horizons."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "OOO's allure is a matter of real objects, and no such objects are permitted by Husserl to exist - given his outright rejection of objects that could not, in principle, be the terminus of some intentional act."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Rothenberg is free to argue the contrary, but then she would simply be siding with the mainstream Husserlians who claim that his \"horizon\" already contains everything that we find in Heidegger's Sein."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "There is no time to argue the point here; I did so in my first book in connection with a similar argument made by Rudolf Bernet.⁴⁹ From a OOO standpoint, the idea of an object as having indeterminate horizons leading beyond its current By linking allure and vicarious causation with the long-discredited notion of an ether that fills cosmic space and allows for the transmission of electromagnetic waves, Rothenberg is trying to make these concepts look both superfluous and old-fashioned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "For this reason, it may be worth recalling why I introduce them at all, especially since my reasons are rooted in some of the most venerable currents in the history of philosophy."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The assumption that something can either be stated directly in clear propositional terms, or else it is nothing but negative-theological hand-waving, is a contemporary version of the sophist's trick known as Meno's Paradox: either we know something or we don't, have access to it or not, period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Among other difficulties, this renders Socratic philosophia impossible, and turns all forms of human cognition into full-blown knowledge, despite ample evidence - from aesthetics and elsewhere - that direct access to reality is not the only kind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "Nor did we need to wait for Kant's thing-in- itself or Heideggerian withdrawal to encounter this point in the history of philosophy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0052__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Although Aristotle was no theorist of indirect causation - this would only come later, with the early occasionalists of Islam - he already noticed that we cannot define a substance in words, since words employ universals but substances are always concrete.⁵³ Stated differently, there is an automatic gap between reality and anything we might say about it."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Now, any attempt to dismiss indirect causation as a pseudo-problem that OOO brings upon itself through a mere \"dislike\" of \"immanent causation\" (199) leads to an overmining situation, in which causation is \"internal\" and there is no surplus beneath the current set of relations in which a thing is involved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of course, Rothenberg has already rejected this claim, but then again, I have also refused her rejection of it."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The question of how things interact is a real one, and the term \"vicarious causation\" was coined in order to pin down this question for further study, rather than wish it away."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nor is it merely posited as a \"notional\" or \"mysterious\" force, since a preliminary answer is given as to how it works."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While it is true that for OOO no two real objects can touch, and true as well that inserting another real object between them would simply multiply the problem, it is nonetheless evident that real objects can touch sensual ones: this is precisely what happens in human experience."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "I am a real object, inexhaustible by any amount of introspection, and it is I myself who make contact with the sensual objects of experience: not just a sensual image of this \"I.\" Thus, the first secret of vicarious causation is that I as a real object touch a sensual object directly through encountering it (say, a tree)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "For its own part, the real tree touches the sensual tree by generating it; in this way, it is the medium through which I make second- hand contact with the other real object despite the impossibility of direct contact between us."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To assert that all contact is either direct or nonexistent is merely a way of evading the bona fide problem that OOO has noted with direct interaction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the many wise remarks about philosophy made by Whitehead, the following is of especial importance: \"It has been remarked that a system of philosophy is never refuted; it is only abandoned. \"⁵⁴ He adds further that attempts at refutation have an in-built flaw: \"logical contradictions […] are the most gratuitous of errors; and usually they are trivial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, after criticism, [philosophical] systems do not exhibit mere illogicalities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They suffer from inadequacy and incoherence. \"⁵⁵ Not logical flaws, but inadequacy and incoherence, are the real shortcomings of abandoned philosophies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The need for  53 Aristotle, Metaphysics Z 7."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "See also Harman, \"A New Occasionalism?\", and Harman, Aristotle With a Twist. coherence in a philosophy is real, though it should also not be rushed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is often fruitful to pursue contradictory intuitions for a time, and much can be lost through a forced or premature consistency: this is the grain of truth in Ralph Waldo Emerson's maxim that \"a foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds. \"⁵⁶ It is best to think of consistency as a goal rather than a starting point of the philosopher."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The more pressing matter is always adequacy, meaning that nothing that exists should be excluded from a philosophy's scope; it is a bad sign if too much is explained away by a theory for the sake of easy self- consistency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "If philosophies are generally refuted rather than abandoned, what this means is that they are left behind not because of some purported mistake, but because they account for less of experience than their successors do."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Nonetheless, philosophers generally behave as if they were more afraid of being refuted than being abandoned."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "They spend more time constructing ironclad proofs and \"knockdown arguments\" than asking themselves what portions of reality they are missing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0054__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This is especially true in the modern period of philosophy, so eager to mimic the natural sciences and geometrical deduction whenever possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 11, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [11, 11, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The importance of these remarks for the battle of objects and subjects should be clear."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Today's neo- rationalist philosophies think themselves rigorous because of their adherence to a very specific proof, one that they hold marks a permanent cut between obsolete and living philosophy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I speak of the circle of thought, or Meillassoux's correlational circle: the notion that to speak of what lies beyond thought is itself already a thought."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Virtually every philosophical claim made in the pages of Subject Lessons stems directly from the acceptance of this circle: the replacement of the real object with the objet a, the transformation of reality into the traumatic Real, the replacement of a rift between phenomena and noumena with a \"cut\" internal to the subject, the surrender of independent material atoms in favor of a counterintuitive \"materialism\" defined as a \"blind spot\" of the subject, and the notion that to speak of a world-in-itself is to fantasize the existence of an observer looking at it from outside."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "What is interesting about this particular \"proof\" is that it demands assent despite very weak adequacy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "After all, one wakes up in the morning thinking that there are trillions of entities in the cosmos, and that they are busily influencing one another even when no human subject is watching them."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Against this everyday assumption, the \"irrefutable proof\" of the Ljubljana version of the circle of thought tells us that no such interactions really occur, that the subject must always be on the scene to monitor them, and that objects of desire have no capacity to satisfy in their own right."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Of course, this is exactly what proofs are capable of doing: making us sacrifice our previous sense of adequacy in favor of a surprising limitation that can be demonstrated beyond all doubt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For example, it is counterintuitive to think that at any given moment there must be two antipodal points on the equator with exactly the same temperature, yet this is decisively proven as a consequence of the so- called Borsuk-Ulam theorem.⁵⁷ Philosophy too has aspired to enter the ranks of the disciplines that work via proof, especially in the modern period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Perhaps the best example is that, from Kant onward (with the remarkable exception of Whitehead) we have taught ourselves that the thought-world relation is the root of all others."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0055__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Not a page of Subject Lessons makes sense without this particular \"wager.\" But is the wager a good one? Is it really the case that I cannot speak of the relation between fire and cotton, but only of the conditions of possibility for how this relation appears to me? This is not the place to argue the point once more. I merely wished to show how dependent Ljubljana's arguments - both the Hegelian and the Lacanian sort - are on the circle of thought."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another remark about Subject Lessons is in order."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At the beginning of this article, I mentioned that the collection is stronger in its combined defense of German Idealism, Marxism, and psychoanalysis than in its critical remarks on \"New Materialism\" broadly conceived."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reason may be as follows."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "I cannot recall a single passage in the book, by any of its authors, that shows evidence of having learned anything new from the \"New Materialist\" figures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They are treated as belonging to a purely retrograde tendency; the Ljubljana School that stands at the end of this anthology is identical to the one we knew coming in."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "That makes the encounter proposed by the book a disappointing one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some of this is only to be expected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Žižek in particular is better known and more influential than any New Materialist figure, including Karen Barad (whose relative absence from the book is surprising) and Bennett.⁵⁸ Thus a certain degree of \"King of the Hill\" attitude was to be expected, with the editors' Introduction going out of its way to remind us that Žižek was already fighting cultural materialism for a quarter of a century before the New Materialists came along (5)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Yet there is something unsatisfying about hearing the same arguments, the same claims that Hegel is being misrepresented by his critics, the same complaints that the subject of psychoanalysis is not being taken into account."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In that respect, the collection is a missed opportunity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "That is why I am far more likely to recommend the positive chapters on Ljubljana School doctrine - such as Dolar's, one of the gems of the anthology - than any of the critical treatments of the new philosophies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The author is the editor in chief of the journal and editor of this topical issue."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The evaluation process was handled by another editor and the peer reviews were double blind."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The manuscript was anonymized (references to the author were written in the third person) for the purposes of review."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_5193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article mounts a defense of my and Slavoj Žižek’s co-edited anthology, Subject Lessons: Hegel, Lacan, and the Future of Materialism, against the two main criticisms of it made throughout Graham Harman’s article “The Battle of Objects and Subjects”: (1) that we and our fellow contributors are guilty of gross overgeneralization when we classify thinkers from various schools of thought – among them New Materialism, object-oriented ontology, speculative realism, and actor–network theory – under the broad rubric of the “new materialisms”; and (2) that despite our pretensions to the mantle of materialism, our Lacano-Hegelian position is actually a full-blown idealism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In responding to and attempting to refute these criticisms, I make the case that our Lacano-Hegelian model of dialectical materialism is an “extimate materialism.” I would like, here at the outset, to express my gratitude to Graham Harman for cordially inviting me to respond to his recent article, “The Battle of Objects and Subjects: Concerning Sbriglia and Žižek’s Subject Lessons Anthology,” in which he not only defends his object-oriented ontology (OOO) from the critiques leveled against it throughout my and Žižek’s anthology, but also critiques the Lacano-Hegelian model of dialectical materialism championed by the anthology’s contributors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Seeing that Harman has limited his response to those chapters of the collection that most concern OOO, in what follows I have tried my best to limit my response to Harman himself, though I will occasionally have cause to address critiques from compatriots of his such as Levi Bryant, Manuel DeLanda, and Quentin Meillassoux [1]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Likewise, though I may now and then refer to Harman’s comments on chapters by other contributors to the volume such as Nathan Gorelick, Adrian Johnston, Todd McGowan, and Molly Anne Rothenberg, my focus will remain primarily on Harman’s response to my and Žižek’s introductory chapter, which, as we shall see, is of a piece with other of the critiques he has leveled against Žižek and the Lacano-Hegelian position more generally in recent years."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I should make it clear at the outset of this reply that those coming to it expecting to find a polemic will be sorely disappointed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Both the current piece and that to which it responds constitute merely the most recent installment in an ongoing friendly debate between Harman and various members of the Lacano-Hegelian camp whose work is featured in Subject Lessons [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I should also make it clear that I am not interested in using this reply to wage a further critique of OOO, as I am happy to let what Žižek and I wrote in regard to it in the introduction to our collection stand on its own."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What I am interested in doing is looking closely at and responding to Harman’s main critiques of our collection – not in the hope of ultimately converting him to our cause or convincing him of the correctness of our position (like Žižek, I have “no illusions” in this regard), but in the hope that doing so will help to provide greater clarity, not only about some of the seemingly contradictory claims undergirding our Lacano-Hegelian model of dialectical materialism – especially regarding the nature of the Lacanian “objet petit a,” the matter that matters most to this materialism – but also about where the true fault line between this “extimate materialism,” as I will be terming it, and Harman’s “immaterialism” lies [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though it contains more granular critiques than these – especially when addressing those chapters of the book that engage OOO at the greatest length (Johnston’s, McGowan’s, and Rothenberg’s) – the two most overarching critiques throughout Harman’s response to Subject Lessons are the following: (1) we and our fellow contributors are guilty of gross overgeneralization when we classify thinkers from various schools of thought – among them New Materialism, OOO, speculative realism, and actor–network theory (ANT) – under the broad rubric of the “new materialisms”; and (2) despite our pretensions to the mantle of materialism, our Lacano-Hegelian position is actually a full-blown idealism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I will address these critiques in order, beginning with the first; however, I will devote a good deal more space to the second, as there is far more at stake philosophically in this critique than in the first, which is more methodological in nature."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As outlined above, one of Harman’s more overarching complaints throughout his response to Subject Lessons is that we – specifically Žižek and I, but also some others in the collection, such as McGowan, Gorelick, and Alenka Zupančič – are “generally too indiscriminate in mixing various figures under the ‘New Materialist’ label, often suppressing crucial differences” [4]. I am tempted to both agree and disagree with Harman here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As far as agreement goes, Harman is correct to note that such a “bulk treatment” of figures like himself and Levi Bryant (both of whom are object-oriented ontologists), Jane Bennett (a New Materialist), Quentin Meillassoux (a speculative materialist), and Bruno Latour (an actor–network theorist) cannot but help to “suppress” some of the more “crucial differences” among them [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0070__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To take Harman himself as an example, it is entirely understandable that he wouldn’t want to be lumped in with the New Materialists, if for no other reason than that his OOO, as he has argued on a number of occasions, is an “immaterialism.”"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, in his book Immaterialism Harman explicitly distinguishes between the immaterialism of his OOO and the materialism of New Materialism by way of contrasting lists of “axioms” of both schools [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, to give a few examples, whereas New Materialism holds that “[e]verything is contingent,” that “[t]hought and the world never exist separately, and therefore ‘intra-act’ rather than interact,” and that “[t]he world is purely immanent, and it’s a good thing, because any transcendence would be oppressive,” OOO holds that “[n]ot everything is contingent,” that “[t]hought and its object are no more and no less than any other two objects, and therefore they interact rather than ‘intra-act,’” and that “[t]he world is not just immanent, and it’s a good thing, because pure immanence would be oppressive” [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given that Harman has gone out of his way to draw such distinctions as these, one can understand why he would bristle at seeing his OOO being grouped alongside New Materialism. And yet, as we will see, not only is this not an entirely accurate characterization of my and Žižek’s classification of these various schools of thought, but there is also considerable disagreement – even confusion – among these schools’ own members as to whether their philosophy is a materialism, a realism, or both."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In his response to Subject Lessons, Harman reiterates his anti-materialist stance by citing articles of his boasting such titles as “I Am Also of the Opinion That Materialism Must Be Destroyed,” “Realism Without Materialism,” and “Materialism Is Not the Solution” [8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Surely, the title of the second of these three articles, “Realism Without Materialism,” would justify us in classifying Harman’s OOO as a “new realism” – especially given that, as I will address below, he explicitly rejects classic, “naïve” realism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This brings me to the first of my objections to Harman’s criticism of our bulk treatment of these different schools: in our introduction, Žižek and I very explicitly – and very consistently – refer to them not merely as the “new materialisms” (which is itself somewhat more capacious a term than the proper noun “New Materialism”), but as the “new materialisms and realisms” [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Curiously, Harman doesn’t acknowledge this in his response (though he does quote our claim that, “from the Lacano-Hegelian perspective, what new materialists and realists understand as ‘subject’ simply fails to meet the criteria of the subject”) [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Instead, he takes Gorelick’s grouping of these different schools under the rubric of “new materialism” in his chapter “Why Sex Is Special: Psychoanalysis against New Materialism” as though it were indicative of the volume as a whole. But let us for a moment assume that this was indeed true of the book more generally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Given the amount of disagreement that exists among the members of these various schools – even those belonging to the same school – not only as to whether their philosophies are materialist or realist, but even as to what “materialism” and “realism” mean, one could hardly blame other of the book’s contributors for following Gorelick’s example in resisting “the nominalist temptation to arbitrate such nuances,” especially seeing that such arbitration is “already a common preoccupation among these thinkers themselves” [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To indulge in a bit of this arbitration myself, we might note that though often considered the ur-text of speculative realism, Quentin Meillassoux’s After Finitude is, in Meillassoux’s own estimation, a work of “speculative materialism” [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As he asserts in his essay “Time Without Becoming,” “I prefer to describe my philosophy as a speculative materialism, rather than as a realism: because I remember the sentence of Foucault, who once said: ‘I am materialist, because I don’t believe in reality’” [13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A similar tension exists within OOO."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Whereas Harman’s position, as we have seen, is staunchly anti-materialist, that of his fellow object-oriented ontologist Levi Bryant is staunchly materialist."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To exemplify this point, one need look no further than the very first sentence of Bryant’s Onto-Cartography, in which he proclaims, “This book attempts a defense and renewal of materialism” – both of which, he adds, are needed “in the face of critics and defenders alike” [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To take up this last point regarding defenders of materialism: in a passage that Harman often approvingly cites – including in his response to Subject Lessons – Bryant singles out Žižek’s work in particular as evidence that the word “materialism” has become an “empty” signifier, a mere “terme d’art which has little to do with anything material” [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "I will quote and discuss this passage from Bryant at much greater length below."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For now, suffice it to note that his aim of “defending and renewing” materialism speaks to a fundamental disagreement among the two most prominent practitioners of OOO as to whether it is (or should be) a materialist or an immaterialist philosophy [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Complicating matters even further are disagreements and contradictions among these thinkers as to their very definitions of “materialism” and “realism.” As suggested earlier, by “realism” Harman means not a commonsense philosophy that insists upon the existence of material objects outside of human perception – a position whose naiveté is perhaps most famously (and colorfully) encapsulated by Samuel Johnson’s response to Berkeley’s idealism by kicking a large stone and proclaiming, “I refute it thus” – but rather a philosophy that “reject[s] the central teaching of Kant’s Copernican Revolution, which turns philosophy into a meditation on human finitude and forbids it from discussing reality in itself” [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While such a definition of realism could in certain respects double as a characterization of Meillassoux’s anti-correlationism, Meillassoux, as we have seen, rejects the label of realism, a move that would get him into trouble not only with Harman but with another figure in this orbit, Manuel DeLanda [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Responsible for having popularized the notion of “flat ontology” to which virtually all of the new materialists and realists that we discuss in our collection subscribe, DeLanda is, in Harman’s estimation, “both ardently realist and ardently materialist” [19]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As DeLanda himself asserts in his extended dialogue with Harman, The Rise of Realism – this after having confessed to “using the terms ‘realism’ and ‘materialism’ as if they were interchangeable when they are not” – “All (coherent) materialists must be realists, but not all realists must be materialists” [20]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From here, however, DeLanda, though critical of Žižek’s materialism (a critique which, like Bryant’s, I will address in greater detail below), proceeds to provide a definition of materialism which, were one to simply remove the term “realism” from it, would be entirely applicable to my and Žižek’s Lacano-Hegelian position: “a form of realism that rejects any entity that transcends the material world” [21]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Going by this definition, if ours is “a bad form of materialism,” then so too is DeLanda’s [22]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To reiterate, then: my response to Harman’s criticism of our “bulk treatment” of these various thinkers and schools is a simultaneous plea of “Guilty!” and “Not guilty!” While I can certainly appreciate his wanting us to have paid more attention to the differences both between and within OOO, New Materialism, speculative materialism, and ANT, I would nonetheless continue to insist that such differences do nothing to detract from the fact that all four of these schools share an overarching commitment to establishing a flat, horizontal ontology – a horizontology, if you will – the upshot of which is the decentering and demotion of the subject [23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For this reason alone – especially seeing that, as its title suggests, Subject Lessons is a book dedicated to defending the subject against such decenterings and demotions – I stand by our grouping of these various schools under the rubric of “new materialisms and realisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "” Harman’s second major accusation – that despite our pretensions to the mantle of materialism, our Lacano-Hegelian position is actually a fully blown idealism – is not merely of greater interest to me, but, as I have already suggested, of greater philosophical concern as well."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before directly addressing the charge of idealism, however, I would like to first consider Harman’s critique of our materialism, since it is the latter that paves the way for the former."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though an avowed anti-materialist (as we have established), Harman has on numerous occasions criticized the Lacano-Hegelian position (Žižek’s articulation of it especially) for its failure to be truly materialist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As he has done elsewhere, Harman frames his critique of the position laid out in Subject Lessons by way of the following, aforementioned passage from Levi Bryant’s Onto-Cartography, in which Bryant cites Žižek’s work as a prime example of the putative “emptiness” of contemporary materialism: The term materialism became so empty that Žižek could write, “[m]aterialism means that the reality I see is never ‘whole’ – not because a large part of it eludes me, but because it contains a stain, a blind spot, which indicates my inclusion in it.” This is a peculiar proposition indeed. What need does matter have to be witnessed by anyone? What does a blind spot have to do with matter? Why is there no talk here of “stuff,” “physicality,” or material agencies? It would seem that among the defenders, materialism has become a terme d’art which has little to do with anything material."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Materialism has come to mean simply that something is historical, socially constructed, involves cultural practices, and is contingent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0085__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It has nothing to do with processes that take place in the heart of stars, suffering from cancer, or transforming fossil fuels into greenhouse gases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0085__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We wonder where the materialism in materialism is [24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We will have cause to address Bryant’s critique of Žižek in its own right later."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For now, suffice it to note that Harman uses this passage as a means of teeing up his point that it is “by no means clear” where the materialism is in our claim that “from the dialectical materialist standpoint, the true formula of materialism is that material reality is non-all” [25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Harman explains in his Object-Oriented Ontology, “Traditional materialism was the idea that nothing exists other than tiny physical particles speeding through a void."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Everything else that seemed to exist was to be reduced to such particles, and everything immaterial was to be mocked ruthlessly on this basis” [26]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is the sort of materialism with which Bryant explicitly aligns his “unabashedly naïve” materialism – a materialism which attends to the “‘stuff’ and ‘things’” that compose the physical world, from “trees, rocks, planets, stars, wombats, and automobiles” to “various forms of energy, strings, fundamental particles, and so on” [27]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To be clear, I am entirely sympathetic to the “meta-politic[al] and meta-ethic[al]” aims of Bryant’s “onto-cartographic” materialism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After all, how could any self-respecting leftist not be interested in “expand[ing] our possibilities for intervening in the world to produce change so as to better understand how power functions and devise strategies so as to overcome various forms of oppression” [28]?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, to claim, as Bryant and Harman do, that Lacano-Hegelian dialectical materialism is not really materialist because it doesn’t subscribe to the same tradition of naïve materialism as Bryant’s onto-cartography strikes me as not only rather peculiar (would Žižek and I be justified in claiming that Harman’s object-oriented ontology isn’t truly realist because it doesn’t subscribe to the naïve realism of Samuel Johnson or Scottish common sense philosophers like Thomas Reid and James Beattie?), but also simply incorrect."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though it doesn’t come up in his response to Subject Lessons, a common accusation of Harman’s is that Žižek clings to the moniker “materialism” primarily as a means of demonstrating his leftist bona fides."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For instance, in his aforementioned dialogue with DeLanda, Harman, having claimed that Žižek isn’t “the least bit materialist,” goes on to suggest that the reason he continues to call himself such is that he “want[s] to link [himself] to the Left/Enlightenment political prestige of the term” [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nodding in agreement, DeLanda not only dismisses the “old Left” as an “exhausted,” “embarrassing,” and “increasingly irrelevant tradition,” but, more importantly, accuses Žižek of having contributed to “the debasement of the term ‘materialism’” by using it “as short for either ‘dialectical materialism’ or ‘historical materialism,’” “as if Marxists had a monopoly on materialist ideas” [30]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Leaving aside DeLanda’s labeling of Žižek’s dialectical materialism as Marxian when, for over 30 years now, he has repeatedly gone out of his way to stress that it is Hegelian contra Marxian [31], the implication that Žižek is continuing to wave the banner of materialism primarily for the political prestige it carries on the Left overlooks the many links between his dialectical materialism and the very “traditional materialism” to which Harman (like Bryant) accuses it of bearing no relation [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us return to Harman’s query regarding where, exactly, the materialism lies in our claim that “from the dialectical materialist standpoint, the true formula of materialism is that material reality is non-all.” As Žižek and I explain in our introduction to Subject Lessons, the formula “material reality is non-all” is Lacanese for asserting that material reality is “ontologically incomplete,” “inconsistent,” “thwarted,” contradictory [33]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though Harman claims that the link between “such language of the ‘non-all’” and materialism “is by no means clear,” it becomes quite clear if one looks more closely at the tradition of dialectical materialism whose torch he accuses us of carrying merely as a means of brandishing our leftist credentials [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to Mladen Dolar’s and Andrew Cole’s chapters in Subject Lessons, I would refer readers to the recently-published second volume of Adrian Johnston’s Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism – A Weak Nature Alone – which covers much of this ground in painstaking detail and depth."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For our present purposes, suffice it to stress that our understanding of materialism as “non-all” can be traced back not only to “modern” dialectical materialists, from Hegel, Marx, and Engels in the nineteenth century to Lenin, Mao, and Lacan in the twentieth, but also to ancient materialists like Heraclitus, Democritus, Epicurus, and Lucretius [35]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us not forget that Hegel, Engels, Lenin, and Mao all esteemed Heraclitus the father not only of the dialectic, but of dialectical materialism [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Let us also not forget that Marx wrote his doctoral thesis on “The Difference Between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophies of Nature,” a text in which, as Dolar notes, Marx “pinned the fate of materialism” on the great Epicurean archetype of contingency, “clinamen,” the swerve of atoms from their linear path [37]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nor, finally, let us forget that not only did Lacan link the death drive, the “‘negative’ libido” that opens up “the dimension of a vital dehiscence constitutive of man,” to “the Heraclitean notion of Discord – which the Ephesian held to be prior to harmony,” but that he also cited both the Epicurean clinamen and the Democritean “den” (the “less than nothing”) as precursors of the psychoanalytic object par excellence (that object which Lacan claimed was his only invention), the objet petit a, the object-cause of desire [38]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Examples such as these would suggest that our continued use of the term “materialism” is far from a mere exercise in political branding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "My having (finally) mentioned Lacan’s objet petit a brings us, at long last, to Harman’s claim that throughout Subject Lessons “‘materialism’ is used as an alibi to advance a thoroughly idealist position while claiming to be immune to the usual defects of idealism” [39]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "What makes such a position ineluctably idealist, according to Harman, is that the objet a, the miserable little piece of the Real, the traumatic kernel that resists symbolization (and thus integration into the Symbolic), “does not come from the outside in any rigorous sense of the term,” but is merely (and this is a wonderful turn of phrase) “a flaw in the jewel of consciousness” [40]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As the ensign of a Real that “has little reality about it” insofar as it “stands not for some sort of real world outside the mind, but for an immanent trauma in consciousness itself,” the objet a, whatever Lacan’s claim that his “discourse” is a dialectical materialist one, renders his teaching, perforce, an “extreme idealis[m]” [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For Harman, this holds true even when Lacanians like Žižek and I attempt to “finesse [ourselves] out of this jam” by calling attention not only to the reciprocity between the subject and objet a, but also to the way in which the objet a interpellates – or, more precisely, hystericizes – the subject."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Take, for instance, Harman’s recent discussion of Rosalind Krauss’s invocation of the famous “floating sardine can” anecdote from Lacan’s eleventh seminar, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, in which Lacan explains his theory of the “gaze” (regard) as the look which an object casts at the subject rather than the typical vice versa of the subject looking at an object [42]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Harman’s view, while this inversion may very well “suggest a novel equality between subject and object,” ultimately no reciprocity of this kind is ever enough to escape idealism, since human and world are still the only two terms allowed in the picture; above all, there is no talk of objects looking at each other, meaning that a human subject must always be somewhere on the scene."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0097__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, we are still inside the Kantian formalism that was supposedly just overcome […]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0097__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "[ T]he inversion of the human being from an active conscious agent into a passive receiver of something from elsewhere does nothing to escape idealism, as long as humans and non-humans remain the only two pieces of the puzzle [43]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For Harman, then, “placing ‘the gaze’ in the world itself rather than in a mind” and “proclaiming that the world looks at me just as I look at it” is neither a “genuine philosophical innovation” nor a genuine escape from correlationism [44]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "So long as we remain within the “onto-taxonomical” subject–object dyad, it matters not if we attribute equal or greater agency to the object: failing to address “object–object relations” means that our so-called materialism will always already be “spoil[ed]” by the same “central idealist defect” [45]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Harman is not alone in holding such a view of our Lacanianism – a point of which he is well aware."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In an interview conducted by Harman, Meillassoux likewise accuses Žižek’s materialism of being a “disingenuous idealism” insofar as it is (in his estimation) merely a “misfired” or “sickened” correlationism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Though lengthy, Meillassoux’s remarks are worth quoting in full: [The position] of Žižek [...] consist[s] at bottom in making of materialism a “misfired correlationism.” Ever since Derrida in particular, materialism seems to have taken the form of a “sickened correlationism”; it refuses both the return to a naïve pre-critical stage of thought and any investigation of what prevents the “circle of the subject” from harmoniously closing in on itself. Whether it be the Freudian unconscious, Marxist ideology, Derridean dissemination, the undecidability of the event, the Lacanian Real considered as the impossible, etc., these are all supposed to detect the trace of an impossible coincidence of the subject with itself, and thus of an extra-correlational residue in which one could localize a “materialist moment” of thought. But in fact, such misfires are only further correlations among others: it is always for a subject that there is an undecidable event or a failure of signification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Unless we fall back on naïve realism, we cannot treat these misfires as “effects” of a cause that could definitely be established as external to the subject or even to consciousness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In any case, a correlationist would have no difficulty in retorting that this genre of materialism is either a disingenuous idealism or a dogmatic realism of the “old style.” When a chair is wobbly, the “wobbly” exists only in relation to the chair, not independently of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0099__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "When one clogs up the Subject, one does not go outside it: instead, one merely constructs a transcendental or speculative Wobbly Subject – a subject that is assured a priori, and according to a properly absolute Knowing, for which things always turn out badly in its world of representations [46]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though not a realist (as we have seen), Meillassoux here makes all the same arguments as Harman."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Shifting the locus of subjectivity from consciousness to the unconscious does nothing to break us out of the correlationist circle (the “Kantian formalism,” as Harman puts it), for however “wobbly” such a subject of the unconscious may be, it remains a transcendental subject all the same, a subject for whom knowledge, precisely insofar as it is “assured a priori” (i.e., rationally constituted), is absolute [47]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Such being the case, the objet a whose materialization is an “effect” of this wobbliness, this “impossible coincidence of the subject with itself,” though it may very well be a little piece of the Real, is ultimately not a real outside, not a genuine “extra-correlational residue” that would usher us into what Meillassoux, in his After Finitude, refers to as “the great outdoors,” “the absolute outside of pre-critical thinkers” [48]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0101__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Žižek has responded to this critique of Meillassoux’s on two occasions, both of which can also be taken as rejoinders to Harman avant la lettre [49]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I will here focus on the more extended of these two responses, which occurs in his book Less Than Nothing [50]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0102__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Having identified the thrust of Meillassoux’s (and, as we have seen, Harman’s) argument to be the accusation that “beneath the rhetorical materialist surface, there lies good old-fashioned idealism,” Žižek begins his reply as follows: On the face of it, the argument is convincing: do I not claim that, beneath the transcendental correlation between (the conscious) subject and reality, there is the correlative between the subject (of the unconscious) and its Real/impossible objectal counterpoint, S-a?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0102__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Strange as this correlation is, it still makes sense only if a subject is already there, that is, it does not enable us to think reality without a subject. But, again, is this truly the case?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0102__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The point Meillassoux misses is that this impossible/Real object is the very mode of inscription of the subject into trans-subjective reality; as such, it is not transcendental, but (what Derrida would have called) arche-transcendental, an attempt to circumscribe the “subject in becoming,” the trans-subjective process of the emergence of the subject [51]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To translate from Derridean to Lacanese, the subject of the unconscious is not a priori but objet a priori, by which pun I mean that it is not the subject that grounds the objet a, but the objet a that “grounds” the subject, that “gives body to,” that “positivizes,” the void that is the subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The objet a is the subject’s “only substance,” the “only positive support” of its being [52]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0103__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As such, it is not a question of what this impossible/Real object is “for a subject,” as Meillassoux (and Harman) want to frame things, but rather a question of what, for this object, is the subject."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0103__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This hysterical question, “What for an object am I (in the eyes of the Other, for the Other’s desire)?,” is the inaugural gesture of subjectivity [53]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence the Lacanian maxim, “the desire of the subject is the desire of the Other.” Indeed, one can only speak of a “subject” (in the strong, psychoanalytic sense of the term) insofar as a “radical perplexity persists as to the Other’s desire, as to what the Other sees (and finds worthy of desire) in me” [54]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0104__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The objet a is thus not an answer to the question of the subject’s desire; on the contrary, the subject is the “answer” to the question provoked by the enigma of the Other’s desire, the question that Lacan famously identified as the “Chè vuoi?”: “ What does the Other want from me?” “ What am I for the Other?” “ Why am I what the Other says I am?” [ 55]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(Of course, we should also stress here that the Other is likewise desiring/lacking – hence another maxim of Lacan’s, “the big Other does not exist” – which is why, contra Harman’s accusation, Lacanian psychoanalysis does, in fact, attend to “object–object” relations: the relation between the “small other,” objet petit a, and the “big Other,” l’Autre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0105__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Žižek long ago explained, “the most radical dimension of Lacanian theory” lies not in the “commonplace” that the Lacanian subject is divided/barred, but in “realizing that the big Other, the symbolic order itself, is also barré, crossed-out, by a fundamental impossibility, structured around an impossible/traumatic kernel, around a central lack,” that the “structural network of relations” that comprises the symbolic order “can establish itself only in so far as it is embodied in a totally contingent material element, a little-bit-of-Real,” the objet a [56]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0105__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This, Žižek concludes, is the key to what Lacan called “traversing the fantasy,” the realization not that the subject is forever separated from the object, but that “the object is separated from the Other itself, that the Other itself ‘hasn’t got it,’ hasn’t got the final answer – that is to say, is in itself blocked, desiring; that there is also a desire of the Other” [57]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0105__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Traversing the fantasy thus cannot help but concern object–object relations insofar as it entails recognizing “how the ever-lacking object-cause of desire is in itself nothing but an objectivation, an embodiment of a certain lack; [...] how its fascinating presence is here just to mask the emptiness of the place it occupies, the emptiness which is exactly the lack in the Other – which makes the big Other [...] perforated, inconsistent” [58].)"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Having explained the “arche-transcendental” status of the objet a, Žižek, following “both Lacan and Hegel,” proceeds to reframe the correlationist problematic, arguing that its answer lies not in grasping for an “objective reality which is independent of (its correlation to) subjectivity,” but in grasping that “subjectivity is already inscribed into reality” in the form of the objet a. Žižek here anticipates our claim in the introduction to Subject Lessons that the In-itself is reached “not by tearing away subjective appearances and trying to isolate ‘objective reality’ as it is ‘out there,’ independently of the subject” – a move which only further mires us in the transcendental circle – but by attending to how the In-itself “inscribes itself precisely into the subjective excess, the subjective gap or inconsistency, that opens up a hole in reality” – the objet a – rendering it “inconsistent, thwarted, non-all” [59]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Žižek further elaborates: we cannot gain full neutral access to reality because we are part of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0107__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The epistemological distortion of our access to reality is the result of our inclusion in it, not our distance from it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0107__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The objet a is the splinter in the eye which distorts our clear perception of reality, and the agent of this distortion is desire (recall that the objet a is the object-cause of desire)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0107__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This brings us to the unique “short-circuit between epistemology and ontology”: the very epistemological failure (to reach reality) is an indication and effect of our being part of reality, our inclusion within it [60]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Žižek’s characterization of the objet a as “the splinter in the eye” recalls the very example that Harman, in his critique of Krauss, rejects as an authentic escape from the correlationist circle: Lacan’s floating sardine can as an instantiation of the objet a. As Lacan puts matters in this same episode, the objet a (in its manifestation as gaze) is the point of “opacity,” the “stain,” or “spot,” in the visual field “which is in no way mastered by me,” but which, on the contrary, “grasps me, solicits me at every moment, and makes of the landscape something other than a landscape” – a stain which Lacan comes to identify with the subject itself [61]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sure enough, Žižek explicitly invokes this episode in his reply to Meillassoux, quoting what is arguably its most famous line as a means of encapsulating his point that the only way to access reality is through the subject’s inscription into that reality in the form of the objet a, the excess that distorts it: “not only is the picture in my eye, but I am also in the picture” [62]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With this fundamental Lacanian lesson in mind, Žižek concludes that “what Meillassoux calls ‘sickened’ or ‘failed’ correlationism, far from being a half-hearted break-out from the correlationist constraint, is the key component of any true escape” [63]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, from the Lacano-Hegelian perspective, the tragic irony of Meillassoux’s position is that it is his very “anti-transcendentalism” that keeps his speculative materialism “trapped within the confines of the Kantian-transcendental opposition between reality the way it appears to us and the transcendent beyond of reality-in-itself, independent of us” [64]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0110__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence Žižek’s insistence that the way out of this bind is not “to think the Real outside of transcendental correlation, independently of the subject,” but rather “to think the Real inside the subject, the hard core of the Real in the very heart of the subject, its ex-timate center” [65]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Based on what we have seen, Harman’s answer to such a claim would likely be that the objet a, however fond Lacanians are of dubbing it “a little piece of the Real,” is not a real outside, for though “a perfectly fascinating psychoanalytic concept,” the Lacanian Real is “merely a poor man’s realism in philosophy” [66]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0111__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, does not Žižek himself suggest as much when he says that we must “think the Real inside the subject,” in its “very heart”? Does this not confirm Harman’s suspicion that, at bottom, the Real is “just an immanent traumatic kernel in the subject,” “an immanent trauma in consciousness itself?” [ 67]"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The key to properly responding to this question lies in Žižek’s invocation of the Lacanian concept of “extimacy.” In his seventh seminar, The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, Lacan coined the neologism “extimacy” (extimité) to characterize the relationship of the objet a to the subject as one of “intimate exteriority” [68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Jamil Khader nicely summarizes it, Lacan deployed the term extimacy as a means of designating “a paradoxical mode of subjectivity in which binary oppositions such as inside and outside, intimate and external or foreign, are spliced and conjoined to engender a radical zone of indistinction that can be referred to as interior-exteriority” [69]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Though it has gone on to become one of the more central concepts in Lacanian theory, Lacan himself didn’t use the term extimacy all that often; it would be left to collaborators and commentators like Jacques-Alain Miller and Žižek to pick it up and champion it [70]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lacan did, however, frequently speak of the subject’s “ex-sistence,” a paradigmatic example of which occurs at the outset of his “Seminar on ‘The Purloined Letter,’” when he speaks of “the ex-sistence (that is, of the eccentric place) in which we must necessarily locate the subject of the unconscious, if we are to take Freud’s discovery seriously” [71]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly enough, as Bruce Fink explains in his translator’s notes on the “Seminar,” the term “ex-sistence” was first introduced into French by way of translations of Heidegger – arguably the most important thinker for Harman’s OOO – to represent both the Greek “ekstasis” and the German “Ekstase,” the root meaning of which in Greek is “standing outside of or standing apart from something,” and which was generally used to connote “the ‘removal’ or ‘displacement’ of something,” although “it also came to be applied to states of mind which we would now call ‘ecstatic.’” As Fink further explains, Lacan, drawing on Heidegger’s play on both the term’s root meaning as “standing outside” or “stepping outside oneself” and “its close connection in Greek with the root of the word for ‘existence,’” regularly uses the term “ex-sistence” to “talk about ‘an existence which stands apart from,’ which insists as it were from the outside, to talk about something not included on the inside, something which, rather than being intimate, is ‘extimate’” [72]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the few other instances in which Lacan explicitly uses the term “extimacy” is in his sixteenth seminar, D’un Autre à l’autre, where he again deploys it to designate a “conjoining of the intimate with the radically exterior” [73]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this instance, however, he links it to a series of “unorientable” objects, foremost among them the Möbius strip [74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0115__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As demonstrated by the illustration from Lacan’s essay “Of Structure as an Inmixing of an Otherness Prerequisite to Any Subject Whatever” (Figure 1), the Möbius strip is an object which appears to be two-sided but which, when we trace around its directrix, we come to find is actually only one-sided."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lacan had already introduced the figure of the Möbius strip in his tenth seminar, Anxiety, wherein he illustrates its one-sidedness by describing an ant walking along its surface – an illustration of which by M.C. Escher would end up gracing the covers of both the French and English publications of the seminar (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Lacan explains, “An ant walking along one of the apparent faces [of the strip] will pass over to the other face without needing to go over the edge” because, in actuality, a Möbius strip is “a surface that has just one face” [75]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Properly speaking, there is no “edge” to a Möbius strip; there is merely a torsion or “twist” that makes what would otherwise be a two-faced object a single-faced one [76]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0117__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One can thus never say whether an ant crawling along a Möbius strip is at any point on its “outside” or “inside” because a Möbius strip effectively has no outside or inside: the ant is at one and the same time both “inside” and “outside” the strip, which in turn means that it is really neither."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0117__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In short, the ant’s relation to the strip is an extimate one, a relationship of intimate exteriority, and it is this very same extimate relation, Lacan concludes, that “is involved when [objet] a enters the world of the real” [77]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is considerable irony in the fact that although Harman devotes a sizeable portion of his response to Subject Lessons to engaging the chapter of it that most concerns the concept of extimacy, Molly Anne Rothenberg’s “Twisting ‘Flat Ontology’: Harman’s ‘Allure’ and Lacan’s Extimate Cause,” he doesn’t once engage the concept of extimacy [78]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0118__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To be fair, he comes close to doing so when, anticipating our response to the charge of idealism, he indulges in the following ventriloquization: “‘For us it is not like Berkeley where everything is just an image, you see: there is a bone in the throat, a trauma in the subject, an Anstoß that is sort of outside the mind even while not being really outside the mind’” – a position, he concludes, that amounts to wanting to have one’s cake and eat it too [79]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But as it turns out, it is Harman who “wants to have it both ways,” so to speak, for his insistence on positioning the unconscious inside the subject when the “position of the unconscious” (to invoke the title of one of Lacan’s most foundational écrits) is ultimately extimate, “ex-centric,” ends up reifying a non-existent boundary between inside and outside that cannot but leave us trapped within the correlationist circle [80]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0119__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In short, it is not Lacan himself that is guilty of idealism, but rather Harman’s (mis)reading of him as a thinker for whom the unconscious is merely “a flaw in the jewel of consciousness.”"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To further elaborate on this point, it is not entirely accurate to claim, as Harman (quoting Krauss) does, that Lacan “pictures the unconscious [...] as inside consciousness, undermining it from within” [81]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0120__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To quote what Lacan himself says of the position of the unconscious (this from Seminar XI, the very same seminar in which he introduces his theory of the gaze as objet a): “I say somewhere that the unconscious is the discourse of the Other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0120__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Now, the discourse of the Other that is to be realized, that of the unconscious, [...] is outside” [82]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nodding to this very passage, Jacques-Alain Miller argues that Lacan’s point can be “expressed with a single word: ‘extimacy,’” for extimacy is precisely “what Lacan is commenting on when he speaks of the unconscious as discourse of the Other, of this Other who, more intimate than my intimacy, stirs me.” As Miller concludes, “If we use the term ‘extimacy’ in this way, we can consequently make it be equivalent to the unconscious itself” [83]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lacan insists that the unconscious is outside because its intimacy with respect to the subject is so in excess of the intimate that it can only be described as extimate, something that ex-sists, that is ex-centric. And that this excess inscribes itself in reality in the form of the objet a – the little piece of the Real whose “phenomenalization,” as Hegel might put it, effectuates a rend in this very reality, rendering it non-all – is the very “thing” that makes dialectical materialism a materialism [84]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also what makes it a non-idealism, for the co-relation between subject and objet a is, as those in the Ljubljana camp like to put it, a “relation of non-relation.” When it comes to the relation between subject and objet a, we are dealing not with two discrete entities participating in an “intersubjective” exchange of gazes that results in a “mutual recognition” between the two – which, incidentally, is the same misunderstanding of the dialectic perpetuated by those who read Hegel as a philosopher of “mutual recognition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0123__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "” For Lacan (as for Hegel), the (non-)relation between subject and objet a is one not of recognition but misrecognition (méconnaissance)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As Žižek and I explain in our introduction to Subject Lessons, subject and objet a “can never encounter each other in a direct opposition or mirroring, but are instead like the two sides of the same spot on a Möbius strip” [85]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0124__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is the function of the lozenge/poinçon (◊) in Lacan’s formulaic rendering of the relationship between the (barred) subject and the objet a as “$◊a.” As Fink explains, the lozenge stands just as much for the “disjunction” between subject and objet a as their “conjunction” [86]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To thus invoke another line of Lacan’s that Harman is critical of in his response to Subject Lessons, “the reciprocity between the subject and object a is total” because subject and objet a are not two discrete, interrelating objects, but are, rather, “impossibly” one and the same object [87]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence our insistence that “what new materialists and realists understand as ‘subject’ simply fails to meet the criteria of the subject” [88]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To put a finer point on this claim, let us consider Lacan’s theory of the gaze as anamorphosis – which, like the floating sardine can anecdote, is found in Seminar XI."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0126__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The typical understanding of anamorphosis is that of a “subject” whose desire causes it to “look awry” at an object, thereby distorting and, subsequently, elevating/sublimating it to the position of objet a. But “anamorphosis” for Lacan names less the process whereby the subject creates/confronts the sublime object and more the phenomenon whereby the “human being” confronts that which is in excess of itself, that “vital dehiscence” which is at one and the same time “constitutive of man” (to recall an aforementioned line of Lacan’s) and which “renders man as such ‘nature sick unto death’” (to invoke a line from our introduction to Subject Lessons): the phenomenon of subjectivity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is the real lesson of Lacan’s discussion of the famous Hans Holbein painting, The Ambassadors (Figure 3), his primary example of anamorphosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0127__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is not the case that “subject” refers to the person viewing the painting, while objet a refers to the anamorphic skull lying at the bottom center of the canvas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0127__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather, the anamorphic skull, as objet a, is itself the subject: they are one and the same [89]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0127__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, when Lacan says “not only is the picture in my eye, but I am also in the picture,” his point is not simply, as Harman interprets it, that “the world looks at me just as I look at it,” as though he is merely talking about a reciprocal, dyadic relation between subject (as viewer) and objet a. To grasp the true import behind Lacan’s claim, we must distinguish between the phenomenal “my”/“me,” the person viewing the picture, and the (objet) a priori “I,” the “stain,” the “blind spot,” the “bone in the throat,” that embodies, that phenomenalizes, the alienated, extimate core of subjectivity [90]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "And this returns us to Bryant’s critique of Žižek’s claim that “[m]aterialism means that the reality I see is never ‘whole’ – not because a large part of it eludes me, but because it contains a stain, a blind spot, which indicates my inclusion in it,” a stain/blind spot that renders material reality “non-all.” I cannot but agree with Bryant that this is indeed a “peculiar proposition.” It is the proposition, in fact, of a “weird,” extimate materialism – “weird” insofar as, like Harman’s “weird realism,” it is primarily concerned with reality’s “incommensurability with any attempt to represent or measure it” [91]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, could not Harman’s definition of “weird realism” double as a very definition of the Lacanian Real as the remainder or leftover resultant from the incommensurability of reality and every attempt to represent it, to fully integrate it into the symbolic order? And yet, a crucial difference nonetheless persists between the two positions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0129__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For whereas Harman insists that the way to access this weird, excessive reality is to flatten the ontological plane and attend to object–object relations, following Hegel and Lacan this excess can only be accessed by attending to the “weird,” extimate object that, in giving body to the subject’s “out-of-jointness,” curves or biases the ontological plane, “disorienting” reality, rendering it much like a Möbius strip – or an anamorphic skull [92]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hence Alenka Zupančič’s claim that “[i]f there is an ontology that follows from psychoanalytic (Lacanian) theory, this can only be an ontology as ‘disoriented’ by what he calls the object a” – in short, an “object-disoriented ontology” [93]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0130__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such an object-disoriented ontology – or, as Joan Copjec has dubbed it, an “object a ontology” – would, as Lacan himself knew, more accurately be characterized as a “para-ontology” insofar as the objet a, the inscription of the subject into reality, is “not of the order of being” but is, rather, being’s “inherent impasse,” the cut or crack that “curves and determines” being’s “appear[ance]” by “haunt[ing it] from within, in-form[ing] it” [94], leaving it “beside itself,” “ex-static.” To strike a Derridean note, we might say that the subject is “hauntological,” a “ghost in the machine” of being."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0130__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To strike – and end on – a more Ljubljanian note, we might say that the subject is the “short circuit” in being."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__critique__p0130__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This, above all else, is why we so “dogmatically” insist upon the subject’s necessity to any future materialism whatsoever."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_5193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the third consecutive year, there were a sufficient number of submissions for Open Philosophy to assemble a special issue on the theme of “Object-Oriented Ontology and its Critics.” My editorials for the first and second such issues, in 2019 and 2020, can be consulted by anyone interested in seeing what themes were covered there [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among the six articles newly published in the present issue, two (by Tim Flohr Sørensen and Russell Sbriglia) are responses to previous articles of mine in past volumes of Open Philosophy, one gives my response to Catherine Malabou’s recent political critique of Speculative Realism, another (by Jordi Vivaldi) gives an object-oriented response to our occasional critic Rosi Braidotti, and two (by Gonzalo Vaillo and Niki Young) propose technical developments in Object-Oriented Ontology itself. I will cover the articles briefly in that order."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prolific archaeologist Tim Flohr Sørensen makes a welcome first visit to Open Philosophy in his piece “That Raw and Ancient Cold: On Graham Harman’s Recasting of Archaeology” [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is the latest installment in an exchange triggered in 2018 by his fellow archaeologists Þóra Pétursdóttir and Bjørnar Olsen in “Theory Adrift: The Matter of Archaeological Theorizing,” which found fault with what the authors regarded as the excessively textual and insufficiently material approach to the Dutch East India Company in my 2016 book Immaterialism [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "My response, in a 2019 article in the pages of this journal entitled “The Coldness of Forgetting,” was to contest the claim of Pétursdóttir and Olsen that the specific feature of archaeology is its focus on material remains rather than texts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It would be better, I proposed, to view archaeology as focused especially on situations of low information, with history being the proper field to process situations in which relevant information is either ample or downright excessive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "I linked this idea to Marshall McLuhan’s famous though sometimes embattled distinction between “hot” and “cold” media, with the former possessing a high density of information and the latter possessing fainter traces of data, and therefore in need of more participation by the viewer [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In response, Sørensen contests my claim that archaeology is a low-data field, pointing to what amounts in fact to an information overload in the profession [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "To miss this, he holds, is to conflate archaeology as a “trope” with what it really is as an “ecology of practices,” a phrase beloved among New Materialists [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Sørensen’s article marks another important engagement by an archaeologist with philosophy, and will be read with interest by the audience of this journal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0132__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Rather than respond to Sørensen in the pages of Open Philosophy, I have done so in a portion of a book chapter entitled “The Shipwreck of Theseus,” which can be found in a collection edited by Peter Campbell and Sara Rich, Contemporary Philosophy for Maritime Archaeology [7]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second response piece in this year’s issue is “Notes Toward an Extimate Materialism” by Russell Sbriglia of Seton Hall University, an emerging figure in the Ljubljana School which by now is quite famous for its fusion of Hegelian philosophy and Lacanian psychoanalysis [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0133__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2020, Sbriglia and Slavoj Žižek were co-editors of a much anticipated volume entitled Subject Lessons, which featured numerous articles by Ljubljana School members old and young, defending the intellectual contributions of Hegel and Lacan while criticizing recent schools that depart from the priority of the subject, such as New Materialism and Object-Oriented Ontology [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0133__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I read this book with great interest immediately following publication, and quickly penned a response: “The Battle of Objects and Subjects,” which appeared in this journal a few months later [10]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sbriglia’s strategy in “Notes Toward an Extimate Materialism” is twofold."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, he responds to my complaint that the authors in Subject Lessons are too quick to conflate New Materialism with Object-Oriented Ontology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While conceding that there are numerous differences between these two schools, Sbriglia counters that such distinctions are of less importance than the shared move in both groups toward a “flat ontology,” which he takes to be the real bone of contention between New Materialism and Object-Oriented Ontology on one side and the Ljubljana School on the other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Second, Sbriglia rejects my claim that Ljubljana calls itself “materialist” solely in order to wrap itself in the mantle of Enlightenment prestige."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Instead, the Ljubljana species of materialism is characterized by its rejection of any totality or whole."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0134__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For those who doubt that this is what materialism has ever meant, Sbriglia points to Adrian Johnston’s historical argument published recently in Prolegomena to Any Future Materialism, Volume 2, A Weak Nature Alone [11]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This pair of articles eventually led to a fruitful online discussion between me and Sbriglia on October 29, 2021 (just one week before this writing) at the Psychoanalytic Practices Seminar of the Mahindra Humanities Center at Harvard University."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0135__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Video of the debate should be available online shortly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "My own article in this year’s issue is “Malabou’s Political Critique of Speculative Realism.” In a recent article in French, “Le vide politique du réalisme contemporain” (“The Political Void of Contemporary Realism”), the prominent philosopher Catherine Malabou critiques the Speculative Realism movement (founded in 2007 by Ray Brassier, Iain Hamilton Grant, Quentin Meillassoux, and me) for turning too much force over to reality itself and leaving too little for the human subject [12]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a political context, Malabou holds, this suppresses the radical creative impulses she sees at work in the emerging politics of recent years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "She argues the point by focusing on two pieces by Brassier (his doctoral dissertation at the University of Warwick, and his well-known article “Concepts and Objects”) and two by me (“The Future of Continental Realism” and the book chapter “The Four Most Typical Objections to OOO”) [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Whereas Speculative Realism strongly emphasizes a real that exists independently of human thought, Malabou charts an opposite course, invoking Louis Althusser’s idea of a materialism that would not be determined by anything pre-existing: one in which matter would only be summoned into its existence by its relations, and be marked by an entirely unpredictable contingency freed from the bonds to autonomous matter found in the rather different model of contingency in Meillassoux [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0136__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In response, I point to some problems that emerge when non-human reality is left out of consideration in politics and society, citing as evidence the joint work of Shirley Strum and Bruno Latour [15]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Readers of this journal are already familiar with Jordi Vivaldi, who in 2020 published a thoroughly fresh article called “The Twofold Limit of Objects,” which applied concepts from the Spanish philosopher Eugenio Trías to interpret Timothy Morton’s concept of “rift” [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Now, in a detailed piece entitled “Xenological Subjectivity,” Vivaldi considers the work of Rosi Braidotti, charismatic intellectual leader of one of the major sub-schools of New Materialism, and a prolific author of influential philosophical works [17]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As Vivaldi tells us, he thinks Braidotti succeeds in accounting for the self as a “transversal multiplicity” and the world as “non-hierarchized by nature-culture distinctions” [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Like many other Deleuzeans, however, Braidotti invests too heavily in a neo-Spinozistic monism, and thereby “blurs the notions of finitude, agency, and change, obscuring the possibility of critical dissent while decreasing the overall theory’s consistency” [19]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0137__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Vivaldi’s proposal is that Braidotti can avoid these difficulties by opening up to the object-oriented notion of “withdrawal,” reflecting the influence on OOO of Martin Heidegger [20]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Gonzalo Vaillo’s “Superficiality and Representation” marks his debut in Open Philosophy, though he is already well-known in object-oriented circles [21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As Vaillo aptly remarks, there are two basic positions when it comes to the relation between appearance and reality, which he calls “reality as appearance” and “reality beyond appearance” [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While OOO clearly belongs to the second of these families, Vaillo also notes that it distinguishes between ontologies of continuity and ontologies of discreteness: Deleuze is mentioned as a good example of the first, and Kant and OOO as models of the second."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "On the basis of these distinctions, Vaillo makes several intriguing claims."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "He first considers the direct realisms of Thomas Reid and James J. Gibson, the “bundle” theory of David Hume, and the refutation of the latter by Edmund Husserl’s introduction of the intentional object (Franz Brentano’s earlier intentional object is too close to the Humean bundle to match Husserl’s significant breakthrough) [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "At least in the cases of Reid, Gibson, and Hume, it turns out that communication between different observers of the world will be difficult, given that they are excessively locked into private viewpoints without possibility of unification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0138__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In an especially clever twist, Vaillo even interprets Husserl’s Polish rival Kasimir Twardowski as a “superficialist” despite his distinction between deep objects and superficial qualities, since his notion of depth is merely projected retroactively as the result of some specific perception [24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Turning next to theories of reality beyond appearance, Vaillo shows more sympathy for OOO’s discrete ontology than for the continuisms of Deleuze and Henri Bergson, though he also identifies multiple problems facing both my version of OOO and Levi Bryant’s (“onticology”), including their inability to do justice to what Morton calls “hyperobjects” [25]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Vaillo expresses the additional concern that my claim that “knowledge” and “truth” have nothing to do with each other runs the risk of an epistemological idealism that grants too much weight to the position of the observer and too little to the object of knowledge [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Vaillo’s original solution consists, in part, in denying the view of Kant and Clement Greenberg that aesthetics is an end in itself [27]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Instead, the experience of allure generates a number of side-effects that also contribute to our knowledge of objects, rather than knowledge being walled off from aesthetics as a dangerous threat to its autonomy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0139__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After many readings, I am not yet sure that I have exhausted the complexity of Vaillo’s theory."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The final article in this year’s OOO issue, “Object, Reduction, and Emergence” is written by Niki Young, another Open Philosophy veteran [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0140__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our issue of last year features Young’s already influential “On Correlationism and the Philosophy of (Human) Access,” with its insistence on drawing a distinction between Meillassoux’s famous term “correlationism” and my own closely related “philosophy of access” [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0140__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the same general timeframe, though elsewhere, he published “Only Two Peas in a Pod,” a powerful piece on the increasingly important OOO topic of “onto-taxonomy” [30]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The premise of “Object, Reduction, and Emergence” is that OOO so far has relied heavily on the concept of emergence without providing any centralized discussion of the topic: a lacuna that Young aims to fill."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This claim rings true, to the extent that most OOO discussions of emergence so far have simply adopted Manuel DeLanda’s discussion of it as their starting point [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even Morton’s interesting discussion of emergence in Realist Magic treats it as a “sensual” phenomenon, rather than as the emergence of a “real” object as my own position would seem to require [32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While there is a negative sense of emergence throughout OOO in the context of the unreachable withdrawal of objects, Young identifies a positive sense of the term in my 2010 article “Time, Space, Essence, and Eidos,” and from here he pushes further, showing along the way how the OOO conception of emergence must depart from David Chalmers’ distinction between “strong” and “weak” versions of the concept [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0141__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "After reminding the reader that my 2005 book Guerrilla Metaphysics argued that causation is always vicarious, asymmetrical, and buffered, Young goes on to expand this trio of terms to six: adding that it must also be binary, alluring, and aesthetic [34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The rapid influence of Young’s article can be seen in the fact that it is already cited in Vivaldi’s “Xenological Subjectivity,” discussed earlier."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "5193", "paragraph_id": "triad_5193__response__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_5193__response__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It perhaps goes without saying that I have learned a great deal about Object-Oriented Ontology from each of these articles; otherwise, they could never have survived the review process for this issue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_5193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W3047183239_W3193487484_W4206106760", "triad_name": "triad_5193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_5193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the UK, more than 50% of medical students and 45% of practising doctors are female [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the specialty of anaesthesia, 32% of UK consultants are female."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The proportion of female consultants has risen consistently between 2007 and 2015 [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, compared with males, females are under-represented as authors of articles published in high-impact journals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In one study [3] researchers examined articles published between 2005 and 2017 in 15 major science and neuroscience journals, including Nature, Science, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), Nature Neuroscience and Neuropsychology Review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Females accounted for approximately 25% of first authors in Nature and Science and just over 35% of first authors in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In only one journal, Neuropsychology Review, did female first authors outnumber males (by 53-47%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This study also highlighted an inverse relationship between the prevalence of female authors and a journal's impact factor: the higher the impact, the lower the proportion of female first authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is widely recognised that there is a 'glass ceiling' within academic medicine that may contribute to these findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Only 29% of UK professors in medicine are female."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Anaesthesia has one 1432 © 2019 Association of Anaesthetists Anaesthesia 2019, 74, 1432-1438 doi:10.1111/anae.14797 of the lowest proportions of female professors (8%) than any other medical discipline [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, with an increasing proportion of the anaesthetic consultant workforce being female, more clinically-based publications, such as case reports, may not be as affected by sex bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We decided to perform a retrospective analysis of the proportion of female first authors of case reports submitted to Anaesthesia Cases including rejected, as well as accepted, submissions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We examined all submissions to Anaesthesia Cases since its inception in January 2013, to August 2018."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For both rejected and accepted case reports, we noted the sex of the first author."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "If we could not immediately identify the sex of the author we used Google TM , Google images TM , Facebook TM , LinkedIn TM and ResearchGate TM in order to determine the sex of an author."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If this was not possible, we emailed the first author for further information."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We defined authors by their sex (male or female), that is, biological characteristics rather than gender (masculine or feminine), which reflects psychological, behavioural and sociological characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For clarity, the term 'sex' will be used throughout the article to differentiate between male and female authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We did not enquire whether an author considered themselves as having a specific preference such as gender dysphoria (incongruity between a person's sense of themselves and the sexual characteristics they were born with), a trans woman (a woman who was assigned male at birth), a trans man (a man who was assigned female at birth) or non-binary transgender (someone who does not exclusively identify as man or woman, masculine or feminine, male or female)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data were explored using descriptive statistics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A chi-square test was performed using SPSS version 25 (IBM â , Armonk, NY, USA) software to compare proportions of female first authors in accepted and rejected articles, and OR were manually calculated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There were 802 submissions to Anaesthesia Cases over the 4.5-year period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sixteen submissions were excluded; nine were duplicates and seven were administration test submissions (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Out of the remaining 786 submissions, 279 were accepted and 507 rejected, an acceptance rate of 35.5%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Twenty (2.5%) authors' sex could not be identified and were excluded from overall analysis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The overall proportion of female first authors was 37.1%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The proportion of female first authors of accepted case reports was 42.1% and females were first authors of rejected case reports in 34.4%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There was a significant association between the sex of first author and whether a submission was accepted (χ 2 (1) 4.095, 1 df and p = 0.043)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The odds of acceptance were 1.39 times higher if the first author was female rather than if the first author was male."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The number of female first authors increased over time as shown in Fig. 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was an increase in the proportion of submissions by female first authors during the period studied, rising from 35% in 2013 to 40% in 2017 (Fig. 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anaesthesia Cases was launched in January 2013 as an online library of case reports in anaesthesia, pain management and intensive care medicine."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are case reports that previously would have been considered for publication in Anaesthesia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Journals have reduced the number of case reports they publish, or even excluded them altogether."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Anaesthesia Cases was created as an online library for the continued publication of informative, educational and important case reports."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since its launch, submission and publication in Anaesthesia Cases has been free for authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All submissions are assessed for suitability by two editors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Anaesthesia Cases became so popular that it was relaunched in May 2019 as Anaesthesia Reports, a fully independent journal publishing cases in clinical practice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To our knowledge, this is the first review of an anaesthetic publication that considers the influence of the first author's sex on the outcomes of all submissions (both accepted and rejected articles)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our study, the overall proportion of female first authors for any submission was 37%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This reflects the proportion of female anaesthetists currently working throughout the UK (32% consultants and 39% staff and associate specialist doctors are female) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Comparing the proportion of female first authors between anaesthesia-specific journal publications, females represented a higher proportion of published first authors (42%) in Anaesthesia Cases than female first authors of original research papers in the British Journal of Anaesthesia for the year 2011 (30%) [5], or selected original articles published in the journals Anesthesiology and Anesthesia and Analgesia over a 15-year period (both 26%) [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, in terms of sex bias, Anaesthesia Cases compares favourably with these other anaesthetic journals (Fig. 4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are a number of possible reasons for these findings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It could be that females are more likely to be first authors of case reports rather than other types of articles, such as reviews or original research."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, data to support this assumption are lacking within the speciality of anaesthesia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other anaesthetic publications that explored the sex of first authors did not analyse whether different types of articles were more commonly authored by females."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "© 2019 Association of Anaesthetists 1433 Laycock and Bailey | Author sex and Anaesthesia Cases Anaesthesia 2019, 74, 1432-1438 13652044, 2019, 11, Downloaded from https://associationofanaesthetists-publications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/anae.14797 by Mcgill University, Wiley Online Library on [19/05/2024]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License influence acceptance rates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since the inception of Anaesthesia Cases (now Anaesthesia Reports), females have represented between 50% and 67% of the editorial Board."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is in contrast to 20% female editors of the British Journal of Anaesthesia in 2013 and 16% female Editorial Board membership of Anesthesiology and Anesthesia and Analgesia in 2018."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There was no active positive discrimination strategy for editorial review at Anaesthesia Cases to favour female first authors; however, as submissions are not anonymised, editors' subconscious bias could have contributed to these results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It could be that the proportion of female doctors within a specialty influences the likelihood of females being first authors in specialty-specific publications."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In general, irrespective of the medical specialty, females appear to be under-represented in subject-specific publications as first authors compared with the proportion of the workforce they represent in that specialty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Table 1 highlights the proportion of the UK workforce that are female for a selection of medical specialties, alongside the proportion of female authors for specialty-specific publications, evaluated at a similar time period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Specialties within the table fall into three possible groups."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Firstly, those with a female dominant workforce, where greater than 50% of the workforce are female (dermatology and paediatrics)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, specialties that have a similar female-to-male proportion of the workforce to anaesthesia (psychiatry, general practice and ophthalmology) and third, specialties where less than 25% of the workforce are female (otorhinolaryngology and orthopaedic surgery)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For most specialties represented in Table 1, there appears to be around a 10% discrepancy in the proportion of female authors compared with the UK workforce proportion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exceptions to this include dermatology, where despite females representing nearly two thirds of the workforce, only 50% of authors were female [7, 8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Conversely, otorhinolaryngology has a similar proportion of female first authors in speciality-specific publications [9] compared with their proportion within the UK workforce."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although the available data fail to account for differences in female workforce proportions in different countries, they do suggest that under-representation of females as first authors in publishing is not confined to one specialty."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the wider medical publishing world, it is clear that females are under-represented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Bendels et al. [ 10] examined 54 journals listed in Nature Index between 2008 This proportion is similar to that found by Filardo et al. [ 11] who looked at six high-impact medical journals over a 20- year period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The journals examined were the British Medical Journal (BMJ), the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine, Archives of Internal Medicine and Journal of the American Medical Association. They found that overall female first authorship increased from 27% in 1994 to 37% in 2014 and that first authors were more likely to be female in the BMJ and less likely to be female in NEJM."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Females also appear under-represented as authors in publications from allied medical professions, such as pharmacy and nursing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In pharmacy, Dotson [12] found that although the incidence of female first authors increased from 30% in 1989 to 52% in 2009, this was still an under-representation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is also noticable in nursing, where 90% of the workforce are females yet only 70% of articles in three nursing journals had females as first authors [13]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ability to publish requires time for research to be conducted and articles to be written, submitted and revised."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Doctors who publish, especially early in their careers, are required to fit this in around clinical and out of hours on call commitments, as few have dedicated research time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A critical time for career development occurs between the ages of 21 and 35, and this coincides with the ages at which females are most likely to start a family."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Female doctors are more likely to work less than full time (LTFT), thus reducing the time available to spend within the working week on these projects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A survey of over 10,000 medical graduates over a 10-year period in the UK by Lachish et al. demonstrated that, for doctors working in the NHS, approximately 42% of female doctors worked LTFT compared with 7% of male doctors [14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although there are a number of reasons for individuals to choose to work LTFT, including caring for ill or older relatives, this survey found child rearing responsibilities significantly influenced the probability that females worked LTFT but had no effect on the likelihood that male doctors worked LTFT."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0021__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is in keeping with other evidence in this area and suggests that starting a family could in turn reduce the available time to publish."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Females are also less likely than males to enter academic medicine or have research allocation within their job plan, again reducing the time necessary to produce publications [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In general, females who do enter academic medicine, compared with males, seem to have more difficulty in securing grants from funders."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A meta-analysis of 21 studies considering whether an applicant's sex influenced decisions in grant peer review found that males had statistically significant greater odds, around 7%, of receiving grants than females [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are also data to suggest that grants obtained by females are of lower value [16]; however, the interpretation of this is more nuanced, as it may represent females being less ambitious in their funding requests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Notably a recent publication found there was no sex effect on the likelihood of being awarded a National Institute of Academic Anaesthesia research grant (p = 0.484) [17], although whether this is applicable to female anaesthetists applying to other funding bodies is not known."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This may also represent a loss of females from the academic workforce at each stage of career progression."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A report in 2013 by the Academy of Medical Sciences showed that although approximately half (52%) of junior clinical fellowships were awarded to females, this decreased to 37% of intermediate fellowships and 12% of senior fellowships [18]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Females are, therefore, under-represented in senior academic posts, with the proportion of females in academic grades decreasing with seniority."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The small proportion of female leaders in academic medicine may impact on sex bias in publishing; there is evidence to suggest that females in leadership roles who are last authors on manuscripts are more likely to have female co-authors and have more female authors contributing to their research [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Additionally, the traditional entry into publishing was first by publishing a case report and then building experience with more extensive pieces of writing whilst developing an academic career."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although academic careers that follow formalised training schemes, such as those delivered by the UK National Institute for Health Research, may not depend as heavily on this stepwise approach to publishing, a positive experience at an early stage will surely encourage future engagement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Success in publishing is aided by presenting at scientific conferences, yet females are very under- represented at major medical meetings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A common picture is that of the all-male panels of speakers, or 'manel' (now officially adopted by the Oxford English Dictionary)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This reflects the fact that females are not invited as often as they should be."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There are positive signs of a change in sex"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Publications by females would undoubtedly be helped by having more female journal editors, yet they are still very under-represented on editorial boards."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 2008, only 12% of 16 biomedical journals had females as board members [21] and in 2011 only 16% of the editors-in-chief of 60 top ranked medical journals were female [22]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This sex disparity on journal editorial boards and unconscious bias likely contributes to less female authorship."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Females are also under-used in the peer review process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In 2014 and 2015 less than a quarter of reviewers in Nature were female [23]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, the journal highlighted that this is in part due to authors submitting manuscripts and only recommending approximately 12% female reviewers to evaluate their articles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This relates to authors requesting senior academics to review their submissions and, as already highlighted, females are under-represented in senior academic roles."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intentional inclusion and solicitation of females authors by medical journals is one way to rectify some of the imbalance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Journals should also consider reducing the possibility of bias by adopting mandatory double-blinded reviews."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other broader recommendations to reduce the risk of sex bias include: investigating inclusion; determining gaps; implementing strategies to address disparities; tracking results; and reporting outcomes to all stakeholders."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A limitation of our study is that, due to the structure of the database, we could only retrieve the name of the first author rather than all the authors' names."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally we did not consider international differences in female proportions of the workforce and whether this affected the international authorship of the journal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A strength of the study is that we extracted the first author name of every submission to Anaesthesia Cases over the last 5 years and could not identify the sex of the author in only 2.5% of all submissions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, we found that, compared with previous studies on female sex bias in publishing, there was a relatively high (42%) proportion of female first authors publishing in Anaesthesia Cases and this accurately reflects the proportion of female anaesthetists currently working."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Case reports from female first authors were more likely to be accepted than those from male first authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Authorship is an important reflection of career success."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is the culmination of career development, mentorship, funding and support."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We suggest that sex inequity must be tackled at all levels, from application to medical school, through research funding, journals and Editorial Boards."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_322__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "I congratulate Drs Laycock and Bailey on their recent publication [1] and observation that ‘female first authors were more likely to be accepted than male first authors’ for case reports published in Anaesthesia Cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Data from the Universities and College Admissions Service demonstrate that, in the UK, 59% of those accepted to medical school in 2017 were women, possibly reflecting the fact that traditionally women achieve better A-level grades than men."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_322__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, I find the suggestion by the authors that ‘publications by women would undoubtedly be helped by having more female journal editors’ extremely worrying. I would like to think that, in an era of evidence-based medicine, a publication has been accepted for its scientific merit and not, as Laycock and Bailey seem to suggest, because an editor has unconsciously selected the publication on the basis of the author’s sex."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_322__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a reviewer of many manuscripts I have been blinded to the name and sex of the author and my decision to accept or reject a submission has been based upon the scientific quality of the article."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As an author, I would like to think that my publications have been accepted or rejected in a fair and transparent process and that my rejections have been decided by the content of my work rather than my sex."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_322__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although I agree with the authors that we should strive to achieve parity of the sex balance of journal editors, I think the most important issue is to ensure that publications are chosen for scientific quality irrespective of authors’ sex."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_322__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Dr Efthymiou for his letter [1] regarding our recent article [2] and for increasing the dialogue on what we consider an interesting, yet controversial, topic."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We agree wholeheartedly with Dr Efthymiou, that submissions should be accepted on scientific merit alone and not be biased by an author’s sex, gender, race, ethnicity, institution or any other factors for that matter."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "He argues that ‘a publication has been accepted for its scientific merit... in a fair and transparent process’ and that he, as a reviewer himself, has been blinded to the name and sex of the author."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Publication metrics are still considered by many institutions as markers of scientific success, and in the medical world, where women are underrepresented at all levels, especially in senior positions, any potential for mitigating these inequities is important and should be highlighted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_322__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We agree with Dr Efthymiou that striving to achieve sex balance of journal editors is key, alongside increasing female representation among reviewers and raising awareness of possible bias that occurs, often unknowingly, in publishing."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, this type of double-blind review (where both author and reviewer identities are concealed) is practically very difficult and may cause more problems than it solves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although a full discussion is beyond the scope of this letter [3], it is likely that a reviewer, being an expert in their field, will be able to identify a well-known author from the nature of their work, style of writing or particular research technique, even when every effort has been made to anonymise the submission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Conversely, if the author is not well known then there is no need to conceal their identity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the double-blind review process there is no requirement for the reviewer to disclose any conflicts of interest and therefore to identify possible bias and, when the authors are deduced from a manuscript’s content, the double-blind review effectively becomes a single blind review, which is what is practised in our journal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This at least allows the reviewer to recluse themselves if they do have any conflicts and may also identify author self-plagiarism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_322__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "322", "paragraph_id": "triad_322__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent publication, Murray et al. considered the peer review outcomes of more than 30,000 submissions to the biosciences journal eLife [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They found that gatekeepers (i.e. the reviewers) favoured manuscripts from authors of the same sex and same country, and that sex inequity was greatest when teams of reviewers were all men."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_322__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although the influences on success rates are multiple and complex, including not only the process of peer review but also differing submissions rates, it appears that the sex of a reviewer regrettably plays a part."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_322/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4243100767_W3005179136_W2965641812", "triad_name": "triad_322", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_322__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The epidemic curve is the number of reported cases by date of symptom onset."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For each reported case i, we denote the symptom onset date by t i ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the SARS epidemics in Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Singapore, we derived the dates of symptom onset from epidemic curves provided by the World Health Organization (9)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For Canada, we used the epidemic curve provided by Health Canada (10)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The generation interval, denoted by τ, is the time from symptom onset in a primary case to symptom onset in a secondary case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sometimes this generation interval is called the serial interval (8) or generation time (11)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The generation intervals observed during the SARS outbreak in Singapore are well described by a Weibull distribution with a shape parameter α and a scale parameter β, with values corre- sponding to a mean generation interval of 8.4 days and a standard deviation of 3.8 days (8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We denote this distribu- tion by τ ∼ w(τ|α,β)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The key epidemiologic variable that characterizes the transmission potential of a disease is the basic reproduction number, R 0 , which is defined as the expected number of secondary cases produced by a typical primary case in an entirely susceptible population (12-15)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When infection is spreading through a population, it is often more convenient to work with the effective reproduction number, R, which is defined as the actual average number of secondary cases per primary case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The value of R is typically smaller than the value of R 0 , and it reflects the impact of control measures and depletion of susceptible persons during the epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If R exceeds 1, the number of cases will inevitably increase over time, and a large epidemic is possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To stop an epidemic, R needs to be persistently reduced to a level below 1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Estima- tion of R is a simple affair if there is information about who infected whom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Then it is possible to construct an infection network (11), wherein cases are connected if one person infected the other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0003__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Estimation of R involves simply counting the number of secondary infections per case."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Often, estimation of the effective reproduction number is a complicated affair, because only the epidemic curve is observed and there is no information about who infected whom."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Recent analyses of closely monitored epidemics have shown that it is possible to estimate the probability that one person has infected another if the spatial locations of the infected persons are available (11, 16)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, when only times of symptom onset are available, most investigators resort to approximating R by assuming an exponential increase in the number of cases over time (8, 17) or by fitting a specific model that summarizes assumptions about the epidemiology of the disease (7, 18, 19)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Such assumptions can be avoided by using a likelihood-based estimation proce- dure that infers \"who infected whom\" from the observed dates of symptom onset as provided by the epidemic curve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, the computational burden of a straightforward numerical evaluation of the likelihood appears to be enor- mous, since it requires consideration of all possible infection networks, and even for a small outbreak of 50 cases there are almost 7 × 10 82 possible infection networks (see Appendix 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Here we show that it is possible to obtain likelihood-based estimates of R while avoiding the computational problems if we use pairs of cases rather than the entire infection network."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The relative likelihood p ij that case i has been infected by case j, given their difference in time of symptom onset t i - t j , can be expressed in terms of the probability distribution for the generation interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This distribution for the generation interval is available for many infectious diseases, and we denote it by w(τ)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The relative likelihood that case i has been infected by case j is then the likelihood that case i has been infected by case j, normalized by the likelihood that case i has been infected by any other case k:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effective reproduction number for case j is the sum over all cases i, weighted by the relative likelihood that case i has been infected by case j:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that we are not making any assumption regarding the distribution of numbers of secondary infections per case (i.e., the p ij are independent in j)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additional detail on the derivation of these equations is provided in Appendix 1."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The estimation algorithm allows estimation of the effective reproduction numbers for infectious diseases at a finer temporal resolution under more general assumptions than was previously possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test how well the estimation procedure approximates the underlying value of an effective reproduction number during a typical SARS outbreak, we estimate the effective reproduction numbers from simulated epidemic curves."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have constructed a stochastic, individual-based model that simulates epidemic processes with exactly specified proper- ties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The model allows for a variable effective reproduction number R t as a function of symptom onset data t, and the model parameters are estimated from observations on the SARS epidemic in Singapore (see Appendix 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Applying the estimation procedure to simulated epidemic curves shows that most of the estimates are close to the actual repro- duction numbers and that a few estimates based on small outbreak sizes are below the actual values that are used in the simulation model."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On average, the estimates tend to be lower than the actual values but deviate less than 5 percent from the actual reproduction numbers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If we account for the effects of incomplete reporting and temporal change in generation interval, the estimates become only slightly less accurate, and on average they deviate less than 15 percent from the actual reproduction numbers (see Appendix 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, and Canada, we have converted the epidemic curves into the time course of effective reproduction numbers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The results are shown in figure 1, parts e-h."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These four large outbreaks were sparked almost simultaneously by the same index patient."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All regions have faced erratic \"super-spread events\" wherein cases produced more than 10 secondary infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These \"super-spread events\" show up in parts e-h of figure 1 as temporary increases in effective reproduction numbers around the symptom onset date of the index case for the \"super-spread event.\" In Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Singapore, there were \"super-spread events\" marking the start of the outbreak."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In Hong Kong, Singapore, and Canada, there were \"super-spread events\" after control measures were implemented."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the early phase of the SARS epidemic, before the first World Health Organization global alert was issued on March 12, 2003, the average effective reproduction numbers were markedly similar across the regions: Each case produced approximately three secondary infections (table 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A value of R slightly higher than 3 is consistent with the observed epidemics in all four regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Around mid-March, control measures were implemented in all regions, and during this period the effective reproduction numbers decreased sharply."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For some regions, the effective reproduc- tion numbers continued to decrease at a slow pace, suggesting improvement of control measures while the epidemic was going on."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After the first World Health Organi- p ij w t i t j - ( ) w t i t k - ( )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "i k ≠ ∑ ⁄ = R j p ij ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "i ∑ = Am J Epidemiol 2004;160:509-516 zation global alert, each case produced approximately 0.7 secondary infections (table 1)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A value of R = 0.7 is consis- tent with all four regions, except Canada."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "By the beginning of July 2003, transmission of the SARS virus had been stopped in all regions where the infection was introduced in late February 2003 (1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 3, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To explore the range of epidemic curves that can result from the same epidemic process, we performed extensive computer simulations using a model of epidemics with char- acteristics similar to those of SARS (see Appendix 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The outcome of 10,000 simulations shows a highly variable epidemic size and epidemic duration: The mean epidemic size is 685 cases (95 percent confidence interval (CI): 27, 2,446), and the mean epidemic duration is 98 days (95 percent CI: 32, 187)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All observed sizes and durations of SARS epidemics are within this very wide range of possible outcomes resulting from chance alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, we used computer simulations to explore the effect of the timing of implementation of control measures on the epidemic size and duration, in a setting that is typical for the SARS outbreaks."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The simulation results show a high sensitivity to the timing of implementation of control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0014__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On average, a 1- week delay in implementation of control measures results in a 2.6-fold increase in mean epidemic size and a 4-week extension of the mean epidemic duration."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study showed that there exists a direct relation between the epidemic curve and the time course of the repro- duction number R. This relation is determined by the distri- bution of the generation intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The relation can be used to monitor the combined effects of transmission potential and control measures during an epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We have shown that the epidemic curves for SARS in Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, and Canada, though apparently different, are all consistent with a single time course of the effective repro- duction numbers for SARS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This apparent difference in epidemic curves arises because chance effects, such as the occurrence of a rare \"super-spread event,\" leave a lasting trace on the epidemic curve."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In contrast, chance events mani- fest only as temporary increases in the reproduction number."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0015__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our analysis of the epidemic curves for SARS shows that one should be cautious in taking a smaller epidemic size and a shorter epidemic duration as proof of better infection control."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have presented the relation between observed epidemic curves and inferred reproduction numbers from an infection-network perspective."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We are certainly not the first researchers to do so: Infection networks have been used extensively in the area of sexually transmitted diseases (20), and an infection-network perspective was adopted to analyze a closely observed foot-and-mouth epidemic in Great Britain (11)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our contribution is the deri- vation of likelihood-based estimates of effective reproduc- tion numbers, requiring only the observed time of symptom onset for the observed cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The use of a likelihood frame- work provides a set of powerful tools for inference, uncer- tainty analysis, and model selection (20); the use of only time of symptom onset allows us to apply this method to routinely collected epidemic-curve data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, estima- tion of effective reproduction numbers from epidemic curves has an intrinsic limitation that should be kept in mind: The effective reproduction number contains entan- gled information about the transmission potential (i.e., the basic reproduction number) and the effectiveness of control measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These two components can be disentangled only when we obtain additional information-for example, about the time of implementation of control measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Moreover, individual contributions to the effective repro- duction number are entangled if their date of symptom onset is smaller than the generation interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0016__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This limitation can be overcome if more detailed information on who infected whom is available (see Appendix 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For the SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, it is possible to compare our results with previously published estimates."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our estimate of the average effective reproduction number prior to the first global alert (R = 3.6, 95 percent CI: 3.1, 4.2) is more precise than the estimate obtained by assuming an exponential increase in the number of cases (R = 3.5, 95 percent CI: 1.5, 7.7) (8) and more precise than the estimated lower bound excluding \"super-spreading events\" (R > 2.7) (7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Our estimate of the average effective reproduction number after the first global alert (R = 0.7, 95 percent CI: 0.7, 0.8) is much higher than the previously estimated lower bound excluding \"super-spread events\" (R > 0.14) (7)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This comparison illustrates that the estimation algorithm presented here allows more precise estimation of the effec- tive reproduction numbers for infectious diseases under more general assumptions than was previously possible."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The effectiveness of control measures against SARS can be estimated if it is assumed that the sudden decrease in the effective reproduction number for SARS around the time of the first global alert was indeed caused by the implementa- tion of control measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The decrease in the reproduction number from 3 to 0.7 then suggests that the control measures taken around this time prevented approximately 77 percent (100 × (3 - 0.7)/3 percent ≈ 77 percent) of all potential secondary infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This effectiveness suffices for eventu- ally stopping infections in situations where each case causes up to 4.3 (1/(1 - 0.77) ≈ 4.3) secondary infections."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recalling that before implementation of control measures, each SARS case produced, on average, approximately three secondary infections, this effectiveness has been barely sufficient for the eventual interruption of the chain of human-to-human transmission of the SARS virus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As the direct threat of a worldwide SARS epidemic has waned, the question arises as to how we can use the experi- ence with SARS to improve infection control against new infectious diseases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our analysis of the epidemic curves for SARS, as reported for Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, and Canada, shows how crucial the rapid implementation of control measures has been in limiting the impact of the epidemics, both in terms of preventing more casualties and in terms of shortening the period during which stringent infection control measures were in place."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A first lesson from the several SARS epidemics is that a timely alert against a new infectious disease is most essential."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Our anal- ysis suggests that the control measures implemented prevented approximately three quarters of all potential secondary infections; this may be insufficient to stop another new infectious disease."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A second lesson, then, is that it is crucial to estimate the transmission potential of a new emerging disease as soon as possible and to establish whether additional, more stringent control measures are required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_96__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Health officials faced a daunting task with the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) last year: forecasting the trajectory of an emerging infectious disease and implementing effective control measures, even as the etiologic agent was still being identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Investigators initially had little to go on beyond crude epidemiologic data such as the timing of new cases (the epidemic curve)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "With such limited data, it was difficult to disentangle two fundamental epidemiologic quantities: the time from one transmission of the infection to the next, known as the serial interval or generation time, and the average number of secondary cases resulting from each infection, known as the reproductive number."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A simple example illustrates the problem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Compare two idealized diseases, A and B. Disease A has a short generation time of 4 days but has relatively low transmissibility, such that each primary infection generates two secondary infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Disease B has a longer generation time of 8 days but is more transmissible, such that each primary infection generates four secondary infections."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The initial epidemic curves for these two infections will be nearly superimposable, with approximately a doubling of new cases every 4 days."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(These calculations are approximate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact, the generation time for any given transmission will be a random variable, with some distribution."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This distribution will affect the precise doubling time of the epidemic and will also affect the shape of the epidemic curve in the period before the epidemic enters an exponential growth phase [1–3].) Thus, investigators cannot separate generation time from reproductive number on the basis of the epidemic curves alone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As a result, they are limited in their ability to predict the efficacy of potential interventions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Despite nearly identical epidemic curves, an outbreak of disease A can be stemmed by an intervention that reduces transmission threefold, while disease B will continue to spread even with such control measures in place."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the current issue of the Journal, Wallinga and Teunis [4] present a statistical escape from this analytical Catch-22."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their approach is this: Once epidemiologists have traced the chains of transmission in a single isolated outbreak, they can use the transmission network to infer the distribution of generation times for that disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This distribution, which results from the biology of host-pathogen interaction, should be relatively constant in comparison with transmission rates, which will vary from location to location and over the course of an epidemic as the pool of susceptible persons declines and as control measures are implemented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, investigators can use this generation time distribution as a grounding point from which to infer the reproductive number, R, from epidemic curves observed in other settings where extensive contact tracing may not have been achieved."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Most importantly, Wallinga and Teunis describe an elegant method for following the instantaneous reproductive number as it evolves over time in a single epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They provide a means of transforming the time series of cases, along with a “known” distribution for the generation time, into a time series of estimated values for the instantaneous reproductive number on each day."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This method allows nearly real-time tracking of the effect of control measures and other changes in an epidemic on the level of transmission ongoing in the population."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Estimates are not precisely real-time, because accurate estimates of the instantaneous reproductive number on a given date cannot be made until some time after that date."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Specifically, one can only estimate the number of persons a given case has infected when a sufficient amount of time has passed that all patients with secondary cases generated by that case (and by other, surrounding cases) have become infected, become symptomatic, and had their infections reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "While this lag period (slightly more than the generation time, plus the incubation period, plus the reporting delay) could be decades long for diseases with extended latency periods such as human immunodeficiency virus disease, in the case of SARS the lag period is a matter of a few weeks, and the information provided is as fresh as one could obtain, given the available data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wallinga and Teunis’s elegantly simple approach is related to more complex applications of back-calculation that have been used to derive incidence of infection from data on disease prevalence or incidence in human immunodeficiency virus disease [5] and to derive annual average reproductive numbers from case data in the United Kingdom epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy [6]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The present work is distinguished by its real-time applicability to a rapidly transmitted disease and its requirements for only the serial interval distribution and the epidemic curve as inputs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their report [4], Wallinga and Teunis demonstrate the power of this analytical approach by improving our understanding of the 2003 SARS outbreaks in Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, and Canada."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors find that despite the very different epidemic curves observed in each location, pre-intervention reproductive numbers appear to have been similar."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, they infer that control interventions appear to have reduced transmission rates approximately fourfold in each location—enough to stop the epidemics, but only barely."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like any model, this one has some limitations, which the authors note."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the method makes the simplifying assumption of independence of transmission events—that the assignment of a source to any case A is independent of the assignment of the source to each other case B. This is, at best, an approximation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, if different persons vary in their degree of infectiousness (e.g., because of differences in viral shedding) or in their duration of infectiousness, the numbers of secondary infections per individual will be overdispersed (even within the same short time period)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Put another way, if we know that case i was still infectious at a time when case j became infected, we know that case i is a likely candidate for having infected other secondary cases around the same time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Second, the method assumes that interventions do not affect the generation time of the pathogen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In reality, when interventions involve improved monitoring followed by either isolation or effective treatment, most transmissions will occur early, before detection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0027__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "As a result, the mean generation time will be reduced, and the algorithm presented here could lead to an overestimate of the instantaneous transmission rate for the period subsequent to intervention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So will Wallinga and Teunis’s approach work despite these limitations? Computer simulations offer some limited evidence that it will, but further study is warranted to assess its performance under various departures from its assumptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If the method proves robust, it will be a very useful tool for policy-makers in the midst of an outbreak."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rapid assessment of the reproductive number of an emerging infection in the absence of interventions is a crucial first step in understanding and controlling the disease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Control of a disease in a population requires that the reproductive number be brought below 1 and kept there."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By assessing the initial reproductive number (before the implementation of control measures), health officials can estimate the magnitude of the control measures that will be necessary."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As the infection spreads in a particular population and as control measures are instituted, real-time tracking is needed to establish the impact of control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The success of a control program for a disease like SARS, in which isolation of symptomatic patients and quarantine of contacts were the key control measures, can be measured in part by “process” indicators, such as the time from the onset of symptoms in a case to the isolation of that case to prevent transmission, or the fraction of incident cases that were identified by contact tracing prior to symptom onset."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, real-time measurements of disease transmission, using methods like the one developed by Wallinga and Teunis, will provide “bottom-line” evidence of whether an epidemic is being brought under control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "During the 2003 SARS outbreak, health officials used a conservative definition—no new cases in a time span exceeding twice the longest known incubation period for the infection—to declare an epidemic fully controlled in a particular jurisdiction, but health officials responsible for daily control efforts need a more immediate and quantitative measure of the effects of control measures as they work toward the goal of eliminating the local epidemic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0029__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Wallinga and Teunis’ method of tracking the instantaneous reproductive number provides just such a measure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More broadly, new tools are needed to facilitate data entry, management, visualization, analysis, and forecasting in the early days of an outbreak."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, epidemiologists attempting to track a natural outbreak of a disease like SARS or pandemic influenza or the deliberate release of a biologic agent would benefit from the ability to manipulate a rapidly changing database with ease, to map spatial and temporal patterns in disease incidence according to the home, school, hospital, or workplace of cases, and to perform key analyses in ways that have been thought through and validated in advance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As data become available during the course of an epidemic, public health officials should have at their disposal tools to allow the integration of these data into real-time predictions of the relative costs and benefits of potential control strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Many such tools were developed in real time during the 2001 epizootic outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom [7], and since then, refined methods for “predictive” vaccination strategies have been proposed [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It would be encouraging to see similar effort being put toward planning for human disease outbreaks."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Spurred by the perceived threat of biological terrorism, current epidemiologic efforts to prepare for outbreaks have taken two major forms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first is the development of “syndromic surveillance” systems designed to detect the first anomalous cases and alert health officials that an outbreak is under way [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While they are well suited to this purpose, such systems are not designed to provide much additional information once the outbreak has been identified."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other efforts have concentrated on modeling particular attack scenarios with different pathogens, particularly smallpox [10, 11] and anthrax [12, 13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These models provide valuable a priori guidance about the range of possible responses to given scenarios, but they require, of necessity, untestable assumptions about the size and nature of the outbreak; moreover, to some degree, each of these models gives results whose application is limited to the pathogen under consideration or pathogens that closely resemble it."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As with syndromic surveillance, the usefulness of such models is greatest prior to or at the moment of an attack, but unless the models are designed to incorporate up-to-the-minute data on the state of the outbreak, they will provide limited real-time assistance once an outbreak is under way."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the indisputable creativity of Nature and the potential creativity of biologically sophisticated evildoers, we cannot expect to have an appropriate a priori model for every outbreak."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, development of tools for understanding and responding to a novel outbreak as it unfolds is a pressing task, and one that differs from those that have received the most epidemiologic attention thus far."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Transmission models, as well as the spatial-temporal analysis tools used in syndromic surveillance, may be readily adapted to meet the need for analysis of and response to an outbreak in progress, but the adaptation requires additional work."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The technique described by Wallinga and Teunis would be a valuable component of a suite of tools that should be made available to public health officials before the next important outbreak occurs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_96__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Drs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Lipsitch and Bergstrom [1] for their thoughtful commentary on our article [2], which appears in this issue of the Journal. They discuss the method we developed in the context of real-time analysis of case notifications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We would like to add a few more thoughts along these lines."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The contribution of the method toward real-time analysis of incoming notifications is, as Lipsitch and Bergstrom aptly summarized, to provide “a means of transforming the time series of cases… into a time series of estimated values for the instantaneous reproductive number on each day” [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The transformation is from calendar time to generation time and from number to relative increase in number."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The key variable involved in this transformation is the generation interval, which is the time interval between a primary case and a secondary case."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Literature on this key variable has been scant and has been blurred by the use of confusing terminology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We cannot think of a better introduction to the concept of generation intervals than was provided by Professor Paul Fine in a recent article in this journal [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fine illustrates the relatedness of the generation interval, epidemic curves, transmission chains, and reproduction numbers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Our contribution is simply to specify these relations further."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our article [2], we emphasized that under certain technical conditions, only a few simple computational steps are needed to transform the time series of severe acute respiratory syndrome cases into a time series of estimated reproduction numbers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Here we would like to add that such a transformation could be carried out for any infectious disease that is transmitted from person to person."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lipsitch and Bergstrom [1] correctly note that a short generation interval facilitates real-time interpretation of incoming case reports; for infections with a long generation interval (such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpesvirus, or mycobacterial infection), the transformation might be less useful."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At the moment, we are studying the possibility of extending the method to account for reporting delay, unobserved cases, and heterogeneous transmission."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the finding that transformation is in any case feasible, and in many cases computationally trivial, opens up perspectives for estimating reproduction numbers from time series of case notifications."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The reason for emphasizing the relevance of real-time estimation of reproduction numbers of emerging infectious diseases is that after syndromic surveillance systems have signaled the emergence of a new disease, we know little more about the novel infectious agent than that each case has been infected by another case and that successive generations of cases are separated by a typical generation interval."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is not enough information with which to build a mathematical transmission model, but it is sufficient for real-time estimation of reproduction numbers, and hence for real-time estimation of the additional control effort required."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "96", "paragraph_id": "triad_96__response__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lipsitch and Bergstrom assert that, when the next important outbreak arrives, such almost parameter-free estimation tools for reproduction numbers can be a valuable addition to syndromic surveillance systems and mathematical transmission models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_96__response__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We could not agree more."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_96/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2102187991_W2153945503_W2088686673", "triad_name": "triad_96", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_96__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In recent years, a tremendous effort has been made to identify approaches for combatting metabolic disturbances and mito- chondrial dysfunction, such as those seen in ageing [1] and type 2 diabetes mellitus [2, 3] by specifically targeting the sirtuin (SIRT) enzyme family [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "SIRTs are NAD + -dependent deacetylating enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To date, seven mammalian SIRT enzymes (SIRT1-7) have been identified, each having its own characteristic tissue and subcellular compartment expression, enzyme activity and tar- gets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We kindly refer readers to Houtkooper et al [6] for a comprehensive review on SIRTs."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 7, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several SIRT-targeting strategies have been deployed, dem- onstrating the metabolic benefits of SIRT activation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In mice, a SIRT1 gain-of-function mutation evoked a metabolic profile that protected against insulin-resistant diabetes by increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity, hepatic glucose tolerance and overall metabol- ic efficiency [7, 8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, a proposed SIRT1 activator, SRT1720, increased mitochondrial respiration and improved in- sulin sensitivity [9], mimicking the signalling profile observed with caloric restriction [10] in high-fat-diet (HFD)-challenged mice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Resveratrol, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- activating polyphenol that activates SIRT1, improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in healthy obese men, in individ- uals with type 2 diabetes and in first-degree relatives of those Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-019-4831-3) contains a slideset of the figures for download, which is available to authorised users."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The concept of influencing NAD + bioavailability to activate the SIRTs was recently proposed for combatting metabolic distur- bances and mitochondrial dysfunction in humans [13, 14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is supported by reports that decreased NAD + bioavailability con- tributes to metabolic disturbances in ageing mice [15, 16] and humans [17, 18], and also in a rodent model of type 2 diabetes mellitus [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "SIRTs are important consumers of NAD + and de- pend on this rate-limiting substrate to act as metabolic sensors, responding to the level of available NAD + ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Considering the limited scope of this review, we will not digress into detail of the NAD + metabolism and refer the read- er to more comprehensive reviews on this topic [5, 19-21]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Briefly, however, as NADH is the predominant electron donor to the electron transport chain, NADH/NAD + redox potential is an important indicator of the bioenergetic status of the cell and is tightly regulated [21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The cytosolic and mitochondrial NADH/NAD + and NADPH/NADP + redox states are strongly connected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These states depend on the formation of NAD + from NADH through cellular processes, such as the glycolytic enzyme activity, the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain [20], thereby exemplifying the essentiality of NAD + and its redox potential within cellular metabolism."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The NAD + pool is maintained through a continuous process of biosynthe- sis and breakdown, stemming from the salvage and the Preiss- Handler pathways or from de novo biosynthesis at one end, and enzymatic consumption at the other [20] (Fig. 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 3, 1], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When NAD + levels rise, SIRTs activate and deac(et)ylate or mono- ADP-ribosylate a variety of metabolic substrates, such as per- oxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This elicits an array of metabolic adaptations, including mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle [19] and enhanced oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and the liver [22, 23]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On a physiological level, this may lead to im- proved insulin sensitivity [24, 25], improved metabolic flexi- bility [26] and increased mitochondrial function [26, 27]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Exercise and caloric restriction share a common denomina- tor in that they affect AMPK activity, which can modulate NAD + bioavailability (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To support this, AMPK acti- vation in C2C12 myotubes increases cellular NAD + levels and, in turn, activates SIRT1 and the subsequent PGC-1α- dependent upregulation of mitochondrial and lipid metabo- lism [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An increased demand for energy by the cell, such as during exercise, activates AMPK."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With this in mind, it was shown that exercise induces the expression of nicotin- amide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate- limiting enzyme that converts nicotinamide into NAD + [29], thereby increasing NAD + bioavailability [30, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The induc- tion of NAMPT expression through AMPK has been sug- gested to be a mechanistic adaptation to the metabolic stress derived from both exercise and caloric restriction [32-34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Moreover, exercise in rats has been demonstrated to induce"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Various research groups have pursued sustained SIRT activa- tion through an increase in endogenous NAD + bioavailability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Preclinical research in ageing or HFD-challenged mice has shown that boosting NAD + levels by supplementation with NAD + precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) or nicotinamide riboside, attenuates age-related de- cline of muscle strength [1, 36], increases lifespan and healthspan [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, oxidative metabolism and activa- tion of SIRT1 and SIRT3 are enhanced in HFD-fed mice sup- plemented with NAD + precursors [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In aged mice, NAD + precursor supplementation also restored arterial SIRT1 activ- ity, which was associated with improved vascular function and decreased aortic stiffness [37]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These findings demonstrate the feasibility of altering NAD + bioavailability and subsequent SIRT activation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More specifically, in HFD-fed mice, exogenous adminis- tration of the NAD + precursor NMN was demonstrated to be a viable method of increasing endogenous NAD + bioavailabil- ity and inducing SIRT1 activity, thereby attenuating the effects of the HFD and improving glucose tolerance and hepatic in- sulin sensitivity [16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Long-term administration of NMN was also found to mitigate the age-associated decline in energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism [36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Similarly, supplementation of HFD-challenged mice with nic- otinamide riboside (another NAD + precursor), also improved hepatic insulin sensitivity [26]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, an improved glu- cose tolerance and lipid profile were observed in mouse models of age-induced type 2 diabetes upon NMN supple- mentation [16]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The NAD + precursors nicotinic acid and nicotinamide have also been used to supplement HFD-challenged mice, increas- ing hepatic NAD + levels and improving glucose tolerance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In one study, nicotinamide proved to be a more potent booster of NAD + than nicotinic acid as it was also found to specifically alter the expression of SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT6 [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Lastly, Acipimox, a synthetic nicotinic acid analogue, has been shown to elevate NAD + in C2C12 myotubes [39]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Together, these preclinical data suggest that dietary supple- mentation of NAD + precursors can increase NAD + levels and beneficially affect metabolic health."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Preclinical research has explored compounds that can inhibit the NADases CD38 [40] and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), reducing the enzymatic competition for their shared substrate, for example by reducing their NAD + -bind- ing capacity, and thus enhancing SIRT1 activity (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following this line of thought, a decrease in PARP-1 activity coincides with a rise in SIRT activity and NAD + levels in worms [41] and mice [27], with PARP-1 −/− mice displaying a leaner phenotype with higher energy expenditure compared with PARP-1 +/+ mice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In line with this, in skeletal muscle, PARP-1 inhibitor-induced increases in SIRT1 activity were accompanied by improved mitochondrial function, enhanced energy expenditure and endurance performance [42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In endo- thelial progenitor cells, PARP-1 inhibition also preserved cel- lular NAD + content [43]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Similarly, Cd38 knockout mice have elevated NAD + levels and are protected against HFD-induced"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 7, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regular exercise and caloric restriction are well known to im- prove metabolic health in humans [47]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Alongside improving insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility and mitochondrial func- tion, exercise also upregulates the expression of NAMPT in hu- man skeletal muscle [48] (Fig. 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Endurance-trained athletes have a twofold higher expression of NAMPT in skeletal muscle compared with baseline levels in sedentary obese, non-obese and type 2 diabetic individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After completing a 3 week training intervention, the non-obese group displayed increased NAMPT expression over baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "NAMPT levels correlated positively with PGC-1α expression, mitochondrial content, maximal mito- chondrial ATP synthesis in skeletal muscle and overall maximal aerobic capacity [48]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Concordantly, increased skeletal muscle SIRT3 content and PGC-1α expression were reported in men who were sedentary obese at baseline after a 12 week aerobic exercise intervention [49]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In a 6 week one-leg endurance exer- cise intervention, NAMPT protein levels only increased in the trained leg as compared with the untrained leg [34], further supporting the paradigm of activating the NAD + /SIRT axis through exercise and NAMPT induction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Continuing, during a caloric restriction-induced weight- loss intervention, NAMPT and subsequent SIRT1 expression were found to be increased in adipose tissue of healthy obese participants [50] when compared with healthy lean partici- pants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The participants were studied prior to, and after 5 months and 12 months, of the intervention, with the inter- vention resulting in a loss of 17.1% of body weight in the obese group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At baseline, gene expression of SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT7 and NAMPT were significantly lower and PARP-1 ac- tivity significantly higher in the obese participants when com- pared with the lean group, indicating a state of low NAD + bioavailability in obese individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With weight loss, SIRT1 expression increased, whereas PARP-1 activity declined in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of the obese group [50]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evidence that a state of obesity or overnutrition indeed lowers NAD + levels also comes from studies of longer-term overfeeding using an HFD for 8 weeks in young, healthy men."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This result- ed in reduced NAD + levels and SIRT activity in skeletal mus- cle when compared with baseline [51]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This was further sup- ported by PGC-1α hyperacetylation in the same skeletal mus- cle biopsies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Concurring with these findings, a study in young adult monozygotic twins (n = 26 obesity-discordant pairs and n = 14 obesity-concordant pairs) reported that obesity was as- sociated with lower NAD + /SIRT axis activation in subcutane- ous adipose tissue [14]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Together, these findings suggest that a state of energy abundance is prone to reduce the activity of the NAD + /SIRT axis and that inducing a state of energy demand may aid to restore NAD + levels."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From a human dietary perspective, Trp, nicotinic acid, nico- tinamide, and nicotinamide riboside are the predominant NAD + precursors currently used in intervention trials, with nicotinamide riboside being the latest addition to the array of dietary NAD + precursors (Fig. 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The efficacy and safety of treatment with each of these NAD + precursors are discussed in more detail below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nicotinamide Phase 0 and phase 1 trials have demonstrated tolerance and safety of nicotinamide in daily pharmacological doses up to 3.5 g [52-56] and single doses of up to 6 g [57-59]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, at doses above this, nicotinamide can be- come hepatotoxic [60]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nicotinic acid and Acipimox Nicotinic acid is the most effec- tive pharmacological drug available for elevating HDL- cholesterol and lowering total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels, thereby reducing the overall cardio- vascular risk profile of the user [61]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, nicotinic acid can elevate plasma glucose levels by inducing insulin resis- tance following a rebound increase in circulating NEFAs [62]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This poses a challenge when using nicotinic acid as (add-on to statin) therapy for dyslipidaemia in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasted glucose or type 2 diabetes, with the reduction in overall cardiovascular disease risk on one hand and compromised glycaemic control on the other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The worsening of hyperglycaemia with nicotinic acid use would possibly require additional therapeutic fine tuning to be implemented on an individual level to maintain glycaemic control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Alternatively, a reduction in the dose of nicotinic acid could improve glycaemic control, however, this may require acceptance of reciprocal compromise of the lipid profile or additional therapy to be initiated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A large clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of nicotinic acid as a treatment for hypercholesterolaemia, with a daily dose of 1-3 g, for a duration of 96 weeks [63]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Overall, nicotinic acid was well tolerated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, flushing was reported as a major adverse event."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In contrast to nicotinamide, nicotinic acid is a vasoactive compound [64] and activates the G protein- coupled receptor, GPR109A, thereby inducing flushing [65]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In an attempt to reduce the occurrence of flushing and improve adherence, synthetic and extended- and sustained-release for- mulations of nicotinic acid were developed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Acipimox is a synthetic nicotinic acid analogue and, thereby, an NAD + NADH NADH supplementation has also been used to boost NAD + levels in humans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a small study, 80 adults with chronic fatigue syndrome received daily doses of 20 mg of NADH combined with 200 mg of coenzyme Q 10 and were compared with placebo-treated individuals [68, 69]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The in- tervention improved reported fatigue [68] and increased max- imal heart rate after 8 weeks of treatment [69] but did not alter body weight or blood pressure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the intervention signifi- cantly reduced NAD + levels and increased NADH levels, thus, significantly lowering the NAD + /NADH ratio over base- line."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, ATP content and citrate synthase activity were significantly increased in PBMCs [68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Unfortunately, it cannot be distinguished whether the observed results were solely attributed to NADH supplementation considering the co-administration of coenzyme Q 10 in this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast to nicotinic acid, nicotin- amide riboside is not vasoactive and does not cause flushing [70], thereby overcoming one of the adverse effects of nico- tinic acid supplementation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a recently published placebo- controlled, double-blind, randomised, phase 1 crossover trial, a daily dose of 1000 mg of nicotinamide riboside for 6 weeks was demonstrated to be well tolerated and adverse events were no more frequent than in the placebo arm [71]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These findings are confirmatory of the preceding phase 1 trials [72-74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD) has been confirmed as a reliable and sensitive biomarker for assessing changes in NAD + levels following nicotinamide riboside supplementation [72]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Daily nicotinamide riboside supplementation of up to 2000 mg can effectively enhance blood NAD + levels, achieving higher steady-state concentrations over baseline [73]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Concordantly, a more recent study demonstrated that nicotin- amide riboside supplementation increased NAAD and NAD + levels by~60% in PBMCs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In this study, the effect of 6 weeks of nicotinamide riboside supplementation vs placebo was tested in healthy middle-aged and older adults."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was also found that 6 weeks of nicotinamide riboside supplementation tended to im- prove systolic blood pressure and pulse-wave velocity, both of which are markers of cardiovascular health [71]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, no effect of nicotinamide riboside supplementation was found on physical performance outcomes, such as the 4 metre or 6 minute walk test, handgrip strength or maximum torque."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Moreover, met- abolic variables, such as V O 2max during a treadmill exhaustion test, respiratory exchange ratio, and insulin sensitivity assessed by an IVGTT, did not differ between the groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "From these findings, it was concluded that long-term nicotinamide riboside supplementation is a viable strategy for enhancing NAD + in humans and potentially has cardiovascular benefits that require further exploration in larger trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Most recently, an RCT of daily treatment with 2000 mg of nicotinamide riboside for 12 weeks was reported, evaluating safety, insulin sensitivity and other metabolic variables in 40 healthy, obese, middle-aged men [75]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Overall, nicotinamide riboside was well tolerated and only four adverse events were reported: pruritus, excessive sweating, bloating and transient changes in stools."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nicotinamide riboside supplementation in- creased NAD + metabolism, as was seen by an increase in uri- nary metabolites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique, insulin sensitivity was found to be un- changed before and after supplementation and when compared with the placebo condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, resting energy expen- diture and respiratory exchange ratio were not affected by nic- otinamide riboside supplementation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Also, intrahepatic lipid content and body composition remained unchanged in the treatment group vs baseline and compared with the placebo group."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Finally, a significant but modest increase in serum tri- acylglycerol levels was detected after nicotinamide riboside supplementation when compared with baseline values."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The authors concluded that this study was underpowered and future studies should be larger and focus on other variables of meta- bolic health, such as intrahepatic lipid content, which showed significant changes in rodents [76, 77] treated with nicotin- amide riboside and approached significance in this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Tryptophan Another dietary NAD + precursor, Trp, is an es- sential amino acid and is metabolised into NAD + through de novo biosynthesis in the liver and kidneys [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This route is critical for maintaining the NAD + pool, even though the con- version ratio of Trp to NAD + is low in humans, averaging 60:1 [78]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nonetheless, Trp is deemed capable of meeting the met- abolic demands of NAD + metabolism in nicotinic acid- and nicotinamide-deficient diets, and is well tolerated at high doses, between 30 and 50 mg/kg bodyweight, apart from drowsiness/sleepiness [79]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recently, higher circulating Trp levels were identified as a predictive marker for the development of type 2 diabetes in a large prospective Chinese cohort [80]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, to date, no dietary supplementation studies are available that directly as- sess whether boosting NAD + through Trp might be metabol- ically beneficial in humans."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The drawback of pharmacological strategies involving CD38 and PARP-1 inhibition is the original intended therapeutic use in malignancies [81, 82]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As such, no clinical trials with PARP-1 or CD38 inhibitors that focus on improving metabol- ic variables have been conducted in humans."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This, however, does not imply that this strategy must be abandoned altogeth- er, as a viable work-around to exploit the theoretical metabolic benefit of inhibition of NAD + consumers may present itself in due time, allowing us to assess their efficacy in clinical trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The current evidence base from preclinical research on NAD + is setting the stage for trials in humans by identifying the points at which intervening in the NAD + metabolism process seems to be clinically and physiologically relevant (see Summary text box)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Even though many results have not been replicated in humans at this point in time, phase 0 and phase 1 trials have proven the feasibility and safety of NAD + boosting in humans."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As most evidence that increased NAD + levels may be beneficial to human metabolism comes from indirect ob- servations, such as exercise and weight loss interventions, the assessment of efficacy in well-powered phase 2 and phase 3 trials is urgently awaited in order to draw clear conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, studies in metabolically disturbed individuals must be considered as these are more in line with the preclin- ical models used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To date, generally healthy populations have been included in studies in this area, in which the range of improvement may be too small to detect significant changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0027__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The combination of strategies to increase NAD + , such as ex- ercise, caloric restriction, or CD38 and PARP-1 inhibitors, with NAD + precursor supplementation may also be consid- ered, to evaluate added efficacy of such approaches, as seen in mice [15] (see Recommendations text box)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Currently, a number of clinical trials (Table 1) are underway in which NAD + precursor supplementation is being used to improve (often disturbed) metabolic health variables."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The coming years will prove whether the promising results ob- served in preclinical studies can indeed find human translation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_733__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor: Schrauwen and colleagues have recently reviewed the emerging field of NAD+ metabolism in Diabetologia [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their manuscript includes a description of a clinical trial of dietary nicotinamide riboside supplementation effects on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese men, conducted by us, together with our colleagues at Aarhus and Copenhagen Universities, Denmark [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As posted on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02303483), this placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial used M value determined by the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp (HEC) technique, the gold-standard approach for directly quantifying insulin sensitivity, as the primary endpoint."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We report a negative outcome of the trial, and while this may be disappointing in terms of the possible future use of nicotinamide riboside supplementation for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, we believe it is important to publish such outcomes and to cite these correctly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We were therefore disconcerted to find the following description of our manuscript in the review by Schrauwen and colleagues: ‘The authors concluded that this study was underpowered and future studies should be larger and focus on other variables of metabolic health’."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We find this to be a severe misrepresentation of a central conclusion of our work."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As outlined in our manuscript, power calculations were conducted prior to enrolment into our study to determine an appropriate sample size for detecting clinically meaningful differences in the primary endpoint and to try to evade type I and type II errors resulting from insufficient sample size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We powered the study to detect a difference in the HEC-derived M value of 1.5 mg kg−1 min−1, which has previously been achieved with insulin-sensitising drugs or exercise [3, 4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We used a conservative estimate of the SD of 1.6 mg kg−1 min−1 in the power calculation, based on in-house experience from previous clamp examinations [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary endpoint, the M value, was not affected by nicotinamide riboside supplementation (p for interaction = 0.68)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the actual SD for the difference between the baseline and the end-of-study M value within the placebo group was only 0.48 mg kg−1 min−1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, in retrospect, the assumed SD was probably too conservative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "With an SD of 0.5 and n of 40, we would be able to detect a significant difference in the M value of 0.45 mg kg−1 min−1 with a power of 0.80."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Hence, we do not suspect that the lack of effects of nicotinamide riboside can be attributed to the study being underpowered (i.e. a type II error)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to the M value, our study included several predefined secondary endpoints, and the combined outcomes of these were also negative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In line with standard study design, the trial was powered to detect significant differences in the primary endpoint and, therefore, where the risk of a type II error was discussed in our paper, this was in terms of the secondary endpoints [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When citing a clinical trial, it is important to respect the distinction between endpoints."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When quoting the authors as concluding that the study was underpowered, unless otherwise stated, it will be assumed that this conclusion refers to the primary outcome of the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dietary supplements, such as nicotinamide riboside, are already commercially available and are being promoted as facilitating healthy ageing in humans by an industry that is not subject to the same strict regulatory demands as the traditional pharmaceutical industry."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This stresses the need for scientific testing of safety and efficacy of dietary supplements in rigorously designed human clinical trials, and the outcomes of such trials should be reported correctly in subsequent review papers, irrespective of whether the outcome is positive or negative."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_733__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__response__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__response__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor: Jessen and colleagues [1] have commented on our recent review of NAD+ metabolism in Diabetologia [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__response__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their letter, they comment on the discussion and citation of a clinical trial that they performed, in which dietary nicotinamide riboside was supplemented in obese men to assess the effects on whole body insulin sensitivity [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_733__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__response__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__response__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We concede to the argument made by Jessen and colleagues that it is important to make a clear distinction between endpoints when citing clinical trials, as this may otherwise lead to unwanted assumptions regarding the endpoint(s) that are discussed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_733__response__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our review, we did not have the intention to suggest that the study by Dollerup et al [3] was underpowered for its primary endpoint, insulin sensitivity, but unfortunately omitted to add ‘for these secondary endpoints’, for which we do apologise."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_733__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "733", "paragraph_id": "triad_733__response__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_733__response__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nevertheless, the overall message and conclusion of our review does not change and we agree with Jessen and colleagues that more human studies are needed to test the efficacy of dietary supplements in rigorously designed human clinical trials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_733/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2914421037_W2942267091_W2937530040", "triad_name": "triad_733", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_733__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Forty HCC patients with portal hypertension who were treated with TIPSS between 1995 and 2012 were included in the analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Medical records and imaging studies were analysed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The indication for TIPSS implantation, pro- cedure-related complications, treatment success and overall survival were assessed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TIPSS implantation was performed in 23 patients (57.5%) due to treatment refractory ascites, in 14 patients (35.0%) due to recurrent variceal bleeding and in three patients (7.5%) due to ascites and variceal bleeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Primary tech- nical success was assessed in all patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "After TIPSS implantation, no variceal bleeding reoccurred and ascites was controlled in 74.1%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No severe procedure- related complications and no deterioration of liver function were observed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Post-TIPSS hepatic encephalopathy occurred in 40.0% of all patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "30-day, 90-day-, 1-year- and 5-year survival rates were 97.5%, 75.0%, 42.5% and 7.5%, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Median overall survival after TIPSS implantation was 180 days."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt implantation is an effective and safe treatment for portal hypertension in patients with HCC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis can lead to the development of ascites and/or oesophageal varices that can cause life-threatening upper gastrointes- tinal bleeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The development of these complications is associated with increased mortality and morbidity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1, 2 Furthermore, liver cirrhosis is a major risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "3 As HCC typically represents a late-stage complication of liver cirrhosis, therefore, most of these patients are also affected by symptomatic portal hypertension (SPH)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Importantly, portal hypertension in HCC patients may not only be due to liver cirrhosis but also due to portal vein thrombosis (PVT) that can occur during HCC pro- gression as a result of increased clotting or portal vein invasion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies reported an incidence of portal hypertension of approximately 30% in patients with HCC, but as in these studies portal hypertension has been evaluated using clinical parameters instead of portal vein pressure measurement, a higher frequency of portal hypertension in these patients is estimated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "4, 5 Impor- tantly, portal hypertension directly affects treatment of HCC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "6 Indeed, according to the current guidelines of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension is considered as a relative contraindication for hepatic resection because of the high risk of post-operative liver failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "7, 8 Furthermore, complications of portal hyper- tension in patients with HCC contribute to the poor prognosis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "9-11 Despite the high incidence and poor prog- nosis of portal hypertension in HCC patients, however, there are no established guidelines for the treatment of SPH in patients with HCC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the last 25 years the TIPSS has been estab- lished as an effective and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of portal hypertension and its compli- cations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "12, 13 Refractory ascites, recurrent and also acute variceal bleeding, hepatic hydrothorax, hepatorenal syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome are the most com- mon and accepted indications for TIPSS implanta- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "14-24 Next to absolute contraindications for TIPSS insertion such as right heart failure, severe hepatic fail- ure, systemic infection and uncontrolled hepatic enceph- alopathy, hepatic malignancy is considered a relative contraindication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "12, 25 Of note, few studies with small sample size investigated the implantation of TIPSS in patients with hepatic malignancy including primary liver cancers as well as hepatic metastases from extrahepatic malignancies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These studies showed a good efficacy of TIPSS implantation and no association with severe pro- cedure-related complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "26-28 However, these studies are characterised by rather small patient cohorts and by hepatic tumours of different entities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition, data to the OS are limited."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0006__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To address this important clinical issue, we analysed the OS, safety and efficacy of TIPSS implantation in HCC patients presenting with SPH due to advanced liver cirrhosis with or without PVT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "From November 1995 to December 2012, 40 patients with HCC and SPH received TIPSS implantation at our institution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients with intra - or extrahepatic cholan- giocarcinoma or metastases from extrahepatic malignan- cies were excluded from this analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Decision for TIPSS implantation in HCC patients was discussed individually for each patient regarding technical feasibility and hepatic expansion of HCC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Due to these inclusion criteria, approximately 15% of HCC patients with severe SPH (three of 20 patients per year) received TIPSS implantation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 23 patients, TIPSS was performed after diagnosis of HCC has been established."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The median time from HCC diagnosis to TIPSS implantation was 6.0 (1-38) months in these patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Seventeen patients were admitted to our Liver Centre for evaluation of TIPSS implantation and HCC was suspected in the pre-interventional setting with color doppler ultrasound (CDUS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We confirmed HCC diagnosis as cited below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Although diagnosis of HCC was established, we performed TIPSS implantation as planned."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The diagnosis of HCC was based on histology or unequivocal radiological features in at least two con- trast-enhanced imaging techniques (CT, magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI), ultrasound) according to the current EASL guidelines which have been applied retro- spectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "7 Centrally located tumour masses were local- ised in segment VIII, V and IV according to Couinaud."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "29 Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was defined on ultrasound, CT or MRI, clinical findings and laboratory tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Clinically significant portal hypertension was defined as (i) presence of oesophageal varices or gastric varices, TIPSS implantation in patients with HCC 13652036, 2015, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12994 by Mcgill University, Wiley Online Library on [18/05/2024]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License (ii) thrombocytopenia with platelet count <100 9 10 9 /L associated with splenomegaly and (iii) presence of asci- tes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The presence of oesophageal varices was assessed by endoscopy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "30 SPH was defined as presence of ascites or one or more episode of variceal bleeding."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Moore et al., treatment refractory ascites was defined as (i) nonresponse to sodium-restricted diet and diuretic treatment, (ii) intolerance of diuretic ther- apy and (iii) rapid recurrence of ascites after therapeutic paracentesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "31 Response to TIPSS treatment was defined as follows: absence of clinically detectable ascites with or without diuretic therapy or ascites needing no further paracente- sis and/or no further variceal bleeding episodes after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Development of large amount of ascites as well as variceal bleeding after TIPSS implanta- tion was defined as nonresponse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All patients underwent follow-up examination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During follow-up none of our HCC patients was transplanted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients receiving TIPSS had routine physical examina- tion and laboratory testing before TIPSS and 1 and 3 months after TIPSS implantation and thereafter fol- low-up was performed in 3-month intervals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The median follow-up time after TIPSS implantation was 211 days (3-2919 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "On each admission, CDUS was per- formed to evaluate shunt function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Shunt insufficiency was defined as (i) maximum flow velocity less than 60 cm/s or above 180 cm/s within the shunt or less than 30 cm/s in the portal vein, 13 (ii) recurrent or increasing ascites and (iii) recurrent variceal haemorrhage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0011__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Shunt dysfunction resulted in TIPSS revision and during this intervention shunt dysfunction was confirmed by portog- raphy and an elevated portosystemic pressure gradient by more than 12 mmHg."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) was estab- lished in clinical examination and West-Haven criteria were applied to assess severity of HE."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "32 HCC-specific treatment was determined according the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "7, 33 Treatment response was assessed using contrast-enhanced CT or MRI and the modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria were applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "34 Model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Pugh stage were determined according the medi- cal records."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Intrahepatic tumour expansion was classified according to the Milan criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "35"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before TIPSS implantation, CDUS was performed in all patients to evaluate if TIPSS procedure was technically possible and to assess portal and hepatic vein patency and vascular abnormalities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The technique of TIPSS implantation has been described previously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "15, 36-38 In brief, a transjugular approach was used to advance a puncture needle into a hepatic vein."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Puncture of a por- tal vein was done using ultrasound guidance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After suc- cessful puncture portography was performed, following dilatation of the parenchymal tract with introduction of the stent graft."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Before and after TIPSS implantation, portal vein pressure and central venous pressure were measured to calculate the pre- and post-shunt portosys- temic gradient (PSG)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Technical success was assessed by final portography."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 16/40 patients (40%) covered stents (Viatorr; W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA) were used while in 24/40 patients (60%) bare metal stents (BMS; Palmaz stents; Cordis, Miami, FL, USA, Wallstent; Boston Scientific, Malborough, MA, USA, Luminexx; Bard Medical Division, Covington, GA, USA) were implanted."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The decision whether BMS or covered stents were implanted was an individual deci- sion of the TIPSS- performing operator and was not defined in the study protocol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "All patients provided written informed consent for TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and it has been approved by the local ethics committee of the University Hospital of Freiburg (no. EK 37/12)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present study was an observational study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients were analysed retrospectively from the day of TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "All patients were followed-up until death or last contact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The primary endpoint was overall sur- vival calculated from the day of TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The cut-off point for survival data was 15th of June 2013."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Furthermore, primary endpoints were efficacy and safety of TIPSS implantation in HCC patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In patients receiving HCC therapy, treatment response was defined as the secondary endpoint."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Continuous variables are expressed as median with range (minimum-maximum), whereas categorial vari- ables are reported as frequencies and percentages."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For continuous variables differences were determined using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, whereas v 2 tests or Fisher's Exact tests were used for categorial variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Differences in laboratory parame- ters before, 1 and 3 months after TIPSS procedure were 128 Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 41: 126-136 ª 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd D. Bettinger et al. 13652036, 2015, 1, Downloaded from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12994 by Mcgill University, Wiley Online Library on [18/05/2024]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "See the Terms and Conditions (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/terms-and-conditions) on Wiley Online Library for rules of use; OA articles are governed by the applicable Creative Commons License assessed using Friedman tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For sub-analyses of statistically significant Kruskal-Wallis or Friedman test, the Bonferroni correction was applied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "P values <0.05 were considered being significant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "OS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses with death being recorded as event."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Differences in OS were calculated using log-rank tests."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (Version 20.0; IBM, New York, NY, USA) and GraphPad Prism (Version 5; GraphPad Soft- ware, San Diego, CA, USA)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 summarises the demographical and clinical char- acteristics of the 40 enrolled patients at time of TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The leading aetiology of liver disease was chronic alcohol abuse (62.5%) followed by chronic hepa- titis C virus (HCV) infection (27.5%) and NAFLD (5.0%)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TIPSS implantation was performed due to ascites in 23 of 40 patients (57.5%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 14 of 40 patients (35.0%), TIPSS was indicated after oesophageal variceal haemor- rhage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In four of these patients, an emergency TIPSS implantation for an acute bleeding episode was per- formed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In all of these patients, HCC was known before emergency TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Three patients (7.5%) had treatment refractory ascites and experienced former variceal bleeding leading to TIPSS implantation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 13 of 40 patients (32.5%), portal hypertension was aggravated by PVT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In 11/13 patients (84.6%) PVT was diagnosed concomitantly with HCC and tumour invasion was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and therefore being classified as malignant PVT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In two patients, PVT without tumour invasion of portal vein was diagnosed more than 6 months before diagnosis of HCC, so that these PVTs were described as nonneoplas- tic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Among the patients with PVT 11/13 patients pre- sented with refractory ascites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sixteen patients (40.0%) were within the Milan criteria while 24/40 patients (60.0%) were outside."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Mean size of the largest HCC nodules each was 3.7 AE 1.8 cm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In 15 of 40 patients (37.5%), HCC was located centrally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Table 2 presents the tumour characteristics including location of HCC, the size of the largest HCC nodule and the extent of PVT in all 40 patients who were allocated to TIPSS implantation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The shunt was successfully placed in all 40 patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "After TIPSS implantation, portal vein pressure (PVP) decreased from median 26.5 (15-38) mmHg to 21 (10- 27) mmHg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Portosytemic gradient (PSG) decreased from median 20.0 (13.0-33.0) mmHg to 8.0 (2-16) mmHg (P < 0.001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "After TIPSS implantation in patients with variceal haemorrhage no further bleeding episodes appeared."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Response to TIPSS was observed in 20 of 27 patients treated for ascites (74.1%, Figure S1; including the patients both with ascites and variceal bleeding)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During TIPSS implantation, no severe complications were observed, especially no tumour rupture or severe haemorrhage."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In four of 17 patients (23.5%) with oesophageal varices, TIPSS implantation was performed to control acute bleeding."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One of these patients was in a haemorrhagic shock and multi-organ failure and death occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In another patient, acute renal failure developed which was rescued by conservative treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Laboratory tests with regard to liver function revealed no significant impairment in liver function (Figure S2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Indeed, INR and albumin remained stable (data not shown) whereas an increase in bilirubin levels was observed after TIPSS implantation (1.7 mg/dL vs. 2.4 mg/dL vs. 2.9 mg/dL, P = 0.018)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "AST and ALT lev- els did not increase significantly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, MELD score did not change significantly after TIPSS implantation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TIPSS insufficiency was suspected when clinical symp- toms of portal hypertension reappeared and/or when reduction in blood flow within TIPSS was diagnosed in CDUS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eight of 40 patients (20.0%) were diagnosed with shunt insufficiency during follow-up CDUS examination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "TIPSS thrombosis occurred in three of 40 patients (7.5%) within 30 days after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "All patients with shunt thrombosis had bare metal stents (BMS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Only in one patient shunt dysfunction was due to tumour invasion of the TIPSS as confirmed by CT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During follow-up, only one patient developed lung metastasis 7 years after diagnosis of HCC and 6 years after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This patient had no invasion of portal vein and HCC was not located in central seg- ments excluding tumour cell seeding by TIPSS implanta- tion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the follow-up period, 36 of 40 (90.0%) patients with TIPSS implantation died."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Median OS after TIPSS implantation was 180 days (0-443.4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "30-day and 90-day survival rates were 97.5% and 75.0%, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One-year and 5-year survival rates were 42.5% and 7.5%, respectively (Figure 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 34 of 36 patients (94.4%) the cause of death was progression of tumour disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two patients died due to multi-organ failure after TIPSS implantation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Patients with PVT had a median OS of 5.2 months (4.3-6.0), while OS in patients without PVT was 17 months (3.2-18.7)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This difference in survival did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.890, Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In patients with PVT, there were no life-limiting technical complications."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After successful TIPSS implantation, 11 of 40 patients (27.5%) were treated with selective segmental or subseg- mental transarterial approaches."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These patients had preserved liver function and had sufficient portal vein flow."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Nine patients were treated with transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE), while two patients did not receive embolisation after transarterial chemoperfusion (TAC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Treatment response was evaluated in eight of 11 patients according to the modified RECIST (mRECIST) criteria (Figure S3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One patient showed complete remis- sion (CR), five patients had stable disease (SD) and in two patients follow-up imaging confirmed progressive disease (PD)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Overall, four patients had complications after transarterial treatment of HCC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Two patients presented with HE and one patient each developed"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Portal hypertension and HCC are common complica- tions in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Portal hypertension may result in life-threatening complications such as acute variceal bleeding or hepatorenal syndrome and is therefore an important cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As HCC also represents a late-stage complication of liver cirrhosis, several patients present with portal hypertension and HCC."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To date, however, no guidelines for the treatment of portal hyper- tension in HCC patients are established."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In patients without HCC TIPSS has been shown to be a minimally invasive method to treat portal hypertension and its associated complications."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "15, 16, 19 However, pri- mary hepatic malignancy is considered a relative contra- indication for TIPSS implantation although relevant information does not exist to support this recommenda- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To date, only few studies with small cohorts have focused on the efficacy and safety of TIPSS implantation in patients with hepatic malignancies including HCC and hepatic metastases (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, we set out to analyse HCC patients with portal hypertension due to PVT and advanced liver cirrhosis receiving TIPSS implantation at our institution with regard to efficacy and safety of TIPSS insertion as well as OS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, we focused on feasibility and safety of TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Importantly, apart from SPH as a result of liver cirrhosis, we also included 13 patients (32.5%) with PVT."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These patients are of special interest as TIPSS implantation may be associated with higher rates of tech- nical failure and complications."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "39, 40 In patients with liver cirrhosis and PVT, TIPSS implantation is feasible, effective and safe in selected patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "41 However, TIPSS implantation in malignant PVT is discussed controver- sially."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In our cohort, all procedures were performed suc- cessfully and we observed no severe procedure-related complications such as tumour rupture or severe proce- dure-related complications neither in patients with PVT nor in our other patients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These results show that severe procedure-related complications are rare in patients with HCC as long as these patients are strictly selected (pre-interventional CDUS for exclusion of portal and"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One reason for the restriction to perform TIPSS pro- cedure in HCC patients is the risk of tumour seeding as TIPSS may traverse malignant tumour tissue, especially in centrally located tumours."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A hypothetical risk is the development of pulmonary metastases spreading via the portal venous system."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in our study, only one patient developed pulmonary metastasis 6 years after TIPSS implantation and, therefore, we did not associate this metastasis with TIPSS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Wallace et al. examined nine patients with intra- and extrahepatic malignancies receiv- ing TIPSS due to portal hypertension."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They observed development of pulmonary metastases in two of nine patients 10 and 5 months after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "44 Liu et al. detected seven of 58 patients with metastases during follow-up after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0040__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "42 In our cohort, none of the patients with centrally located HCC developed metastases, but interpretation of these data is difficult as follow-up of our patients may have been too short (211 days) and 1- and 5-year survival rates were 42.5% and 7.5%, respectively."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, we evaluated efficacy of TIPSS in patients with HCC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "TIPSS was highly effective in both patients with ascites as well as bleeding and PSG decreased sig- nificantly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Ascites has been shown to be an important negative prognostic factor in patients with HCC within the Milan criteria undergoing nontransplant therapies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "45 Therefore, it is important to control ascites in these patients and in this setting TIPSS implantation may con- tribute to improved survival."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In 20.0% of our patients shunt insufficiency occurred."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "TIPSS thrombosis occurred in three patients (7.5%) within the first months after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wallace et al. reported a similar rate (8%) of shunt occlusion within the first 30 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "27 More- over, Saxon et al. even observed a shunt occlusion rate of 17% within 30 days after TIPSS implantation in their cohort of 116 patients with liver cirrhosis, but without HCC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "46 Several mechanisms have been discussed that may explain this early shunt occlusion in patients with and without HCC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Trauma of malignant and also of not-malignant liver tissue may stimulate coagulation leading to shunt occlusion and especially tumour patients may be at higher risk due to a procoagulant imbalance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Furthermore, it is also possible that tumour may invade the shunt."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, as no autopsies have been performed in our study cohort we cannot prove this hypothesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, Saxon et al. provided evi- dence that bile duct damage during TIPSS implantation is a major cause for early shunt occlusion."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0043__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "47 In summary, further prospective studies are warranted to determine the role of shunt occlusion in these patients and to eval- uate anticoagulation strategies as a preventive measure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, null, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Third, we set out to determine the incidence of post-TIPSS HE."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In several studies, rates of HE range from 13 up to 47%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the cohort by Liu et al., HE occurred in 25.9% of the patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "28 Wallace et al. even reported a rate of 44%."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "27 We also observed a similar rate of post-TIPSS HE with 40.0%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "One of these patients developed severe grade IV HE and died of multiorgan failure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 19, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 19, 19], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Fourth, we analysed OS in our HCC patients receiv- ing TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Median OS was 180 days after TIPSS procedure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Two patients died shortly after TIPSS procedure due to multi-organ failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One of these patients had TIPSS implantation to control acute vari- ceal haemorrhage, but bleeding could not be controlled sufficiently."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The other patient developed severe grade IV HE and also died of multi-organ failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Our median OS was significantly higher compared to the study by Liu et al. who reported a median OS of 77 days after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "28 Their 30-day survival rate was 49%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Notably, in comparison to our study their patients had advanced tumour disease as all patients had PVT and in our cohort tumour size was significantly smaller, which contributes to our good survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Wallace et al. reported a 30-day survival rate of 84%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "27 Our data even showed a rate of 97.5%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "This high 30-day survival rate can be explained by strict selection for TIPSS implanta- tion in our patient cohort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Furthermore, OS in patients with PVT was lower than in patients without PVT reflecting the more advanced tumour stage in these patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "But, importantly, there were no technical com- plications after TIPSS implantation in patients with PVT leading to in-hospital death and in these patients prognosis was especially limited by progression of tumour disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Fifth, we analysed the efficacy and safety of HCC treatment after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "27.5% of patients with TIPSS were treated with transarterial therapies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "In nine patients, TACE was performed whereas the remain- ing two patients were treated with transarterial chemop- erfusion (TAC) without embolisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "TACE takes the advantage of the hepatic dual blood supply resulting in embolisation of the tumour feeding hepatic arteries while portal venous flow to normal hepatocytes is preserved."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "In a patent TIPSS, the hepatic portal venous perfusion is altered as portal venous flow is decompressed in the sys- temic circulation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "Therefore, TACE in TIPSS patients has been considered a relative contraindication as the result of hepatic ischaemia might be increased."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Although HCC derives his blood primarily from hepatic arteries, portal venous contribution is observed in some HCCs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0045__s0021", "sentence_n": 21, "text": "48, 49 This important change in the blood supply may aggra- vate tumour necrosis and therefore, TACE in TIPSS patients may be associated with increased hepatotoxicity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In our cohort, no patients developed severe hepatotoxic- ity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Severe complications were an episode of acute HE in two patients and the development of hydropic decom- pensation and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, but these complications were manageable by conservative treat- ment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These findings are in accordance with the morbid- ity and mortality rates in other studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "50, 51 Moreover, we evaluated efficacy of transarterial treatment in our HCC patients with TIPSS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Most of our patients had stable disease and only one patient had complete remission."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In accordance with our findings, Kuo et al. showed that the rate of complete remission after TACE is significantly higher in patients without TIPSS compared to TIPSS patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "51 This may be due to arterioportal shunting which is common after TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "52 This may have a negative effect on TACE efficacy, especially as it may divert a portion of the chemoembolic agent away from the tumour."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0046__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Overall, it is important to state that using selective transarterial approaches, TACE in TIPSS patients maybe safe and can lead to stable tumour disease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In conclusion, we were able to show that TIPSS implantation in patients with HCC is an effective and safe procedure and selective HCC treatment after TIPSS implantation is possible and safe."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Considering the limita- tions of our study namely the retrospective design with a missing control group, the long observation period from 1995 to 2012, the small sample size and also the individ- ual decision for TIPSS implantation in HCC patients, further well-designed prospective studies comparing HCC patients with portal hypertension treated with TIPSS or standard medical treatment are needed to ana- lyse the effect of TIPSS implantation on OS in these patients cohort."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Guarantor of the article: Michael Schultheiß, MD."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Author contribution: Dominik Bettinger: study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of the data, drafting of the manuscript and statistical analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eva Kn€ uppel: acquisition of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Wulf Euringer: performed the TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Hans Christian Span- genberg: study concept and design and study supervi- sion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Martin R€ ossle: performed the TIPSS implantation and critical revision of the manuscript."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Robert Thimme: interpretation of the data, supervision of the study and critical revision of the manuscript."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Michael Schultheiß: supervision of the study, drafting and critical revision of the manuscript."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__original__p0049__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "All authors approved the final version of the manuscript."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2193__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicating cirrhosis occurs more frequently as cirrhosis becomes advanced and therefore HCC often co-exists with significant liver dysfunction and portal hypertension."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the widely accepted Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system patients with very advanced liver disease (i.e. Child–Pugh stage C) have the worst outlook [1]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Indeed, in the early natural history studies in HCC, a significant proportion of deaths were due to complications of portal hypertension [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The presence of HCC, and in particular a central lesion, is considered a relative contra-indication to TIPSS though there is little evidence to indicate poor outcomes in this patient group [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To explore this issue further, Bettinger et al. report their experience of TIPSS in 40 patients with HCC and symptomatic portal hypertension [4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This report, from a centre with extensive experience of TIPSS, highlights several issues with regard to indications, patient selection, and outcomes for patients with HCC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, patient selection was strict: only 15% of patients with HCC and symptomatic portal hypertension were selected for TIPSS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The indications for TIPSS were frequently refractory ascites and varices though only 10% were for acute, uncontrolled variceal haemorrhage."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although the broad criteria for selection were specified, factors considered to be absolute contraindications were not reported and perhaps surprisingly some patients with malignant portal venous involvement were treated with TIPSS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Second, the clinical outcomes after TIPSS were acceptable, with technical success and complications similar to published data, despite most patients having bare metal TIPSS and the presence of portal vein thrombosis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, without stratification by BCLC stage it is difficult to determine how these patients have survived in comparison to their peers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "TIPSS may therefore have a role in the management of patients with HCC and symptomatic portal hypertension in selected cases and in experienced centres."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The use of TIPSS here appears to have been largely palliative, successfully providing control of portal hypertension and symptoms, and on occasion allowing the use of selective chemoembolization."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__critique__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Any benefit in terms of survival, however, could only be inferred from further comparative studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2193__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__response__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With great interest, we read the editorial by Rowe and Tripathi and thank the authors for their comments concerning our paper published in the current issue of AP&T [1], [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Patients with end-stage liver disease are often affected by portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0064__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Symptomatic portal hypertension (SPH) is associated with impaired survival in HCC patients."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0064__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In our retrospective study investigating TIPSS implantation in HCC patients, we were able to show a good clinical control of SPH in HCC patients, especially in those with small HCC [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__response__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As the authors state correctly, our patients were highly selected and the decision to perform TIPSS implantation was made on an individual basis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Due to the retrospective design of our study, it was not entirely possible to evaluate the absolute contraindications in patients with HCC and SPH who were not allocated to TIPSS implantation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, main contraindications included uncontrolled tumour growth and poor performance status of a given patient, but absolute and relative contraindications need to be clearly defined in further studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, another important issue to be investigated will be the role of TIPSS implantation in patients with malignant portal vein thrombosis in HCC patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 5, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, Rowe and Tripathi point out that it will be important to stratify these patients according to the BCLC classification to determine overall survival."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We fully agree with this comment and indeed further studies are needed that include a control group of HCC patients with SPH, who are therefore treated with medical or endoscopic treatment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our opinion, it will be important to focus on patients with BCLC A suffering from SPH and are therefore not allocated to curative surgical resection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "TIPSS may resolve SPH and thus, these patients may be allocated to surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0066__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Further prospective studies including a control group should focus on this important issue."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2193", "paragraph_id": "triad_2193__response__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2193__response__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, our retrospective observation study highlights several important points and clinical relevant aspects, which can be evaluated in further well-designed prospective studies."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2193/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2077621475_W1981652587_W2061735941", "triad_name": "triad_2193", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2193__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The introduction of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents one of the most important advancements within diabetes treatment and self-management over the last decades."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "CGM provides easy access to current glucose levels, glucose trends, and the retrospective analysis of glucose excursions, thus facilitating easier and better diabetes management for both people living with diabetes (PLWD) and health care professionals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As a result, PLWD using CGM technology show improvement in HbA1c, glucose variability, hypoglycemia prevalence, overall well-being, and treatment satisfaction and have less fear of hypoglycemia compared to SMBG [1-3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One critical issue with this technology remains the quality of the accuracy of glucose measurements, even though vast improvements in this regard have become evident over the last years [4-7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Nevertheless, most current CGM have already reached accuracy levels of SMBG and are, therefore, labeled for nonadjunctive use by regulators, meaning that CGM can be utilized for treatment decisions without the subsequent SMBG confirmation [8-11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, as CGM enables easy assessment of the time spent in target range (TIR), which has been shown to be a valid marker of glycemic control alongside HbA1c, there has been an evolution of individual treatment guidelines for CGM use with a focus on TIR [12]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, further improvement in CGM accuracy, particularly in the hypoglycemic range, is crucial for the development of reliable diabetes technology, especially for automated insulin delivery systems, as well as for reducing the burden of diabetes management for PLWD."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another key aspect of CGM technology that is crucial to adherence is comfort in both wearing and inserting the sensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Registry data show that wearing discomfort is the Biosensors 2022, 12, 106."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020106 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/biosensors prevailing factor for CGM discontinuation [13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, new developments in diabetes technology aim to reduce discomfort in diabetes management and, thus, facilitate better quality of life with diabetes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As CGM technology is made available to a growing number of PLWD, the negative impact on the environment and natural resources increases due to the use of disposable products and accumulation of plastic and medical waste, including hazardous parts such as insertion needles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This problem is increasingly being addressed not only by environmental organizations but also by users of diabetes technology and patient organizations."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There- fore, the Diabetes Technology Society started its Green Diabetes Initiative to promote the development of medical devices in terms of sustainability and reduce the environmental impact associated with advancements in diabetes technology [14]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the present analysis, we aimed to assess the accuracy and usability of a novel CGM system that is the first to feature predominately reusable components with needle- free insertion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this monocentric, open-label, non-randomized, single-arm clinical study, eight in dividuals with type 1 diabetes were equipped with two sensors of the GlucoMen ® Da CGM system (Waveform Cascade, A. Menarini Diagnostics, Florence, Italy; Figure 1) t wear at home."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This novel CGM features a needle-free insertion system containing a single use, disposable sensor, the reusable transmitter to be recharged after 14 days of use (fo up to 5 years), the reusable sensor insertion tool (for up to 5 years), the transmitter charg ing unit with a USB port, and the GlucoMen ® Day App supported by Android and iO devices allowing for viewing glucose levels and trends, for calibrating the system, and fo setting alarms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sensors were simultaneously inserted into the subcutaneous adipose tissue o the opposite sides of the lower abdomen and worn for 14 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, participant were requested to calibrate the CGM devices once daily and perform 8-9 finger-prick glu cose tests per day (GlucoMen Day METER, A. Menarini Diagnostics, Florence, Italy)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary objective was to assess the device's accuracy compared to a laborator reference instrument (YSI 2300, Yellow Springs, OH, USA)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The secondary objectives in cluded comparing CGM to SMBG and a precision assessment by evaluating the agreemen between the two sensors worn in parallel."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, a usability assessment includin a 10-item questionnaire with an ordinal rating scale asking about insertion pain, adhesiv adherence, problems with calibration, reliability of readings, usability of and satisfactio with the mobile application, device wearability, and overall experience was performed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On days 4 and 10 of the study, a 5-h meal and insulin challenge was performed at the research center."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each participant consumed a standardized meal containing 100 g of carbohydrates and received an increased insulin bolus (the regular bolus insulin dose plus 20%) subcutaneously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Venous plasma and capillary blood samples were collected simultaneously every 20 min."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Plasma glucose was measured on site with YSI, while SMBG was performed using the study-specific BG meter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "CGM accuracy was assessed by calculating MARD, MAD (mean absolute difference), Median ARD, Median AD, and CEG for both CGM/YSI and CGM/SMBG matched pairs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Following a frequently used approach in glucose monitoring system accuracy evaluations, MARD (and median ARD), as a percentage error, was calculated for glucose above the 100 mg/dL threshold only (i.e., values in the 100- to 400-mg/dL range), while, for the lower glucose values (ranging from 40-99 mg/dL), it calculated the absolute error as MAD (and median AD) [15,16]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The lag time between CGM and blood glucose data was determined for each sensor and applied prior to calculating MARD and MAD."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The lag time was calculated as the shift in time that provided the best CGM/reference correlation, using the Poincarè method (time shift giving the best R 2 vs. references), and was adjusted for SMBG and YSI data and for YSI data individually for each sensor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The average lag time was calculated as the weighted average (based on the respective N of data) of the lag time of all the sensors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0010__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All statistical analyses were performed following the intention-to-treat principle."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Eight adult participants (3 females (37.5%), age 41.6 ± 13.3 years, BMI 28.0 ± 6.1 kg/m 2 , HbA1c 55.6 ± 12.2 mmol/mol, diabetes duration 13.9 ± 6.5 years) completed the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "During the study period, on average, 94.4% of the theoretically possible data was collected and used for analysis after applying the exclusion criteria for data recording (estimated CGM signal)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Overall, the 450 CGM/YSI matched pairs available for analysis were generated from glucose data collected within the range of 40-400 mg/dL. This resulted in a MARD of 9.7 (±9.4)% and a MAD of 20.5 (±18.7) mg/dL, as summarized in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By analyzing specific glucose ranges, it was observed that sensor accuracy as assessed by MARD was better in the 201-400-mg/dL range compared to the 100-200-mg/dL range (6.1% vs. 10.7%), while MAD was lower in the 40-70-mg/dL range compared to the 71-99-mg/dL range (19.5 vs. 20.9 mg/dL)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Furthermore, both MARD and MAD were lower on day 4 compared to day 10 (7.4% vs. 11.4% and 17.7 vs. 27.3 mg/dL)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CEG analysis showed that 84.9% of CGM/YSI data pairs was in the clinically acceptable zone A, while the combined percentage for zone A and B was 97.8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "CEG is displayed in Figure 2a."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During sensor use at the research center and at home, a total of 1957 CGM/SMBG matched data pairs were collected in the range of 40-400 mg/dL. The overall MARD was 13.1 (±12.8)% for values between 100-400 mg/dL, while the MAD for glucose values between 40-99 mg/dL was 16.6 (±16.8) mg/dL, as summarized in Table 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Similar to what was observed for YSI, the MARD and MAD were lower in the higher glucose range (13.4% for 100-200 mg/dL vs. 12.2% for 201-400 mg/dL and 20.2 mg/dL for 40-70 mg/dL vs. 15.2 mg/dL for 71-99 mg/dL), while the CEG analysis showed a combined percentage of 98.2 for zones A and B (Figure 2b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Glucose values recorded by the two sensors worn in parallel were evaluated using mean ± SD and coefficient of variation (CV) for each participant."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An average SD of 11.1 mg/dL and an average CV of 9.7% were observed, demonstrating acceptable agreement between the two sensors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The participants were requested to complete a questionnaire containing 10 questions with an ordinal five-scale answer rating."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When asked about pain perception at insertion, 50% stated that the procedure was painless and 25% claimed it to be less painful than finger pricking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The remaining 25% found the insertion as painful as routinely used SMBG (12.5%) or more painful than finger pricking (12.5%)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "There was also predominant satisfaction with sensor adhesive, wearability, calibration procedure, and user-friendliness of the dedicated mobile application."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The results of the usability assessment can be found in the supplementary appendix (Figure S1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "High CGM accuracy is crucial for good diabetes management, especially when CGM readings are used for insulin dosing both alone or in combination with open/closed-loop systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Accurate readings are also essential for precise calculations of time in range (TIR), a parameter that has become increasingly popular for treatment decisions and the overall assessment of glycemic control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "By modeling the 7-point glucose profiles collected in the DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial), it was shown that TIR was strongly associated with development of microalbuminuria and retinopathy progression, suggesting that it represents a valid surrogate indicator of microvascular complications [17]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So far, MARD has been commonly used to assess overall CGM accuracy, while MAD is used to assess accuracy in the low glycemic range."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Good CGM performance is generally assumed in systems with an overall MARD < 10%, although analytical performance cannot be fully assessed by a single parameter [18]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the present analysis, the GlucoMen ® Day CGM achieved a MARD of 9.7% compared to YSI during meal/insulin challenges (with one daily calibration), while compared to SMBG, a MARD of 13.1% was obtained over the 14-day wear period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The higher MARD calculated for SMBG may result from lower accuracy associated with glucose meters compared to laboratory reference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This finding is often seen during assessment of CGM devices at home [19-21]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The results of the present analysis are comparable to those obtained for other CGM systems such as the real-time (rt) CGM G6 (Dexcom, San Diego, CA, USA) with a MARD of 9.9% or the intermittently scanned (is) CGM systems Freestyle Libre 1 and 2 (Abbott, Chicago, IL, USA) with respective MARDs of 12.0% and 9.2% in adults compared to YSI [22-24]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Furthermore, similar to earlier findings in CGM systems, there was an increase in MARD/MAD in the low glycemic range while accuracy was higher in hyperglycemic ranges [25-27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since this effect was more pronounced during the meal challenges in our analysis, it can be assumed that the assessed CGM system is more accurate following post- prandial glucose excursions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, MAD was slightly lower in the 40-70-mg/dL range compared to the 71-99-mg/dL range, suggesting an increased or at least stable accuracy in relevant hypoglycemia, whereas other CGM systems show an impaired ac- curacy when BG levels drop below 70 mg/dL [22,25,27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given the fact that most CGM systems are prescribed due to impaired hypoglycemia awareness, CGM accuracy in hypo- glycemia is essential for giving a timely warning and taking adequate countermeasures to avoid hypoglycemia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition to MARD/MAD as measures of numerical accuracy, clinical accuracy, as expressed by CEG, should also be evaluated to support the sensor performance data and should be favored over Clarke Error Grid or Continuous Error Grid analysis [15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In our study, the CEG analysis showed 98% of all data pairs in the clinically relevant zones A and B for both reference methods, thereby verifying the clinical accuracy of GlucoMen ® Day."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For comparison, the CEG analysis of Freestyle Libre 1 and 2 showed a respective 99.7% and 99.9% of matched pairs in zones A and B [23-25]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Advancements in diabetes technology have so far drastically decreased the burden for people with diabetes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The reduction of painful procedures associated with diabetes management improved quality of life and facilitated good glycemic control [28-30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The replacement of SMBG and introduction of CGM in pediatric patients with diabetes was a crucial advance in reducing finger pricking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, especially in young children, sensor insertions are reported to be one of several barriers of this technology regardless of the significant advances of CGM use for children and parents in diabetes management [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Further reduction of painful procedures may lead to increased adherence in CGM users, which is known to be age-dependent and especially poor in adolescents [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the present analysis, the CGM system with needle-free insertion intended for ages 6 and above resulted in high user satisfaction in the majority of users claiming the insertion procedure to be painless or less painful than finger pricking."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important innovative feature of GlucoMen ® Day CGM is reusability of most components, resulting in reduced environmental impact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The wish for reducing the ecological footprint of diabetes technology is frequently expressed by users and patient organizations, especially in the face of the present climate crisis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Common CGM insertion systems often include bulky, disposable applicators that contribute to a substantial increase in plastic and potentially hazardous medical waste accompanied by a significant amount of packaging waste."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This represents a rising problem worldwide and is fueled by the, per se, favorable, increasing availability of CGM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Looking at data from the DPV (Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation) and the T1D exchange registry, CGM use in type 1 diabetes increased from 6% in 2011 to 38% in 2018 [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In absolute numbers, CGM use is presumably even higher due to its prevalence in type 2 diabetes and is expected to grow due to increasing reimbursement by healthcare providers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The growing ecological burden associated with diabetes technology is already acknowledged by the scientific community and is subject to ongoing discussion [14,34]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GlucoMen ® Day CGM includes a rechargeable transmitter and a reusable needle-free sensor insertion applicator, both of which can be used for up to 5 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Due to reduced insertion pain and reusable components, this and similar systems can help promote sustainable diabetes technology and stimulate other positive developments in this sector, such as biodegradable components."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, regulatory bodies should aim to establish rules for design and development of diabetes technology with reusable components that meet medical needs and are environmentally friendly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Additionally, waste reduction should be accounted for in cost-effectiveness calculations and reimbursement strategies for such products."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present analysis suggests that the GlucoMen ® Day CGM is a user- and environ- mentally friendly system that meets the current clinical requirements for state-of-the-art CGMs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The reduced ecological impact of this needle-free system has to be emphasized and may support further advances in sustainable diabetes technology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4957__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In their recent article entitled “Accuracy Assessment of the GlucoMen® Day CGM System in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Study” [1], Hochfellner and colleagues presented the results of an accuracy and usability evaluation of a novel continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) system."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While we appreciate the importance of assessing the accuracy of CGM systems, we would like to comment on certain aspects of the data analysis, presentation of results and conclusions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4957__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the section describing the data analysis (Section 2.2), it is stated that “the lag time between CGM and blood glucose data was determined for each sensor and applied prior to calculating MARD and MAD”, where MARD and MAD are common accuracy parameters representing mean absolute relative and mean absolute deviation between CGM and comparator measurements, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This correction of lag time before accuracy determination was common in microdialysis-based systems [2,3] or for prototype CGM systems [4]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, in market-ready CGM systems intended to provide real-time glucose data such as the system examined in the article, the accuracy should be evaluated with respect to the CGM values displayed to the user."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The effect of the lag time correction on the reported accuracy parameters cannot be assessed because neither the average lag time mentioned in Section 2.2. nor MARD and MAD results before lag time correction are presented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In general, however, a lag time correction leads to a reduction in MARD and MAD."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4957__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Regarding the MARD, it should be pointed out that for its calculation, only glucose levels ≥100 mg/dL were used (Table 1), whereas for glucose levels <100 mg/dL, MAD results were presented."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is an important detail missing from the abstract and the discussion, where MARD results were reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4957__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a consequence of choosing to correct for time lag and to use only glucose levels ≥100 mg/dL for MARD calculation, we would argue that the accuracy results reported in the article cannot be compared to the cited findings of CGM performance studies without lag time correction and MARD results determined across the full glucose range [5–7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another aspect of the reported study that impairs the comparability to previous results is the low sample size of eight subjects, which is not discussed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4957__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Due to these differences in methodology between this and other studies, we therefore question the validity of the conclusion that the “analysis suggests the GlucoMen® Day CGM [ . . . ] meets the current clinical requirements for state-of-the-art CGMs”."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4957__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We thank Dr. Freckmann et al. [ 1] for the comment and for the detailed review of our data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Referring to the first point about the correction of lag time, we agree that the chosen approach has some limitations in the interpretation of the results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This aspect can be discussed together with the second point concerning mean absolute relative difference (MARD) data representation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The main aim of this study was to conduct an evaluation of the GlucoMen® Day CGM system, which had recently been launched on the market by A. Menarini Diagnostics based on available data related to the CE registration study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For this reason, we limited the number of enrolled participants to just eight, resulting in limited statistics, and the methods and metrics for analysis were chosen according to the same methods used in the system CE registration study [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Thus, actually, the results met the predefined accuracy criteria of the trial, but we can agree that they cannot be consistently compared with other research on CGM accuracy assessment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4957__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to avoid any confusion, such results can be better clarified as follows: when comparing CGM to PG, the MARD for values ≥ 100 mg/dL was 9.7 [2.6–14.6]%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The MARD for values ≥ 100 mg/dL for CGM vs. SMBG was 13.1 [3.5–18.6]%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mean absolute difference (MAD) for glucose values < 100 mg/dL was 20.5 ± 18.7 mg/dL (vs. PG) and 16.6 ± 16.8 mg/dL (vs. SMBG)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The preference of MAD for lower glycemic intervals has mainly a mathematical reason: the relative (percentage) bias between a measurement and its reference increases the lower the reference value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Based on this principle, for example, ISO 15197:2015 for BGMs specifies to use an absolute bias for values below 100 mg/dL and % bias at values higher or equal to 100 mg/dL. Such considerations are also widely discussed in the literature [3]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, also given the small sample size of this study, MAD was considered to be more appropriate for lower glucose concentration ranges, while the chosen cut-off of 100 mg/dL was derived for comparison purposes with available data for this system and other CGM studies [2,4]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4957__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4957", "paragraph_id": "triad_4957__response__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To conclude, the present analysis confirmed that the GlucoMen® Day CGM is a user- and environmentally friendly system with performance in line with previously reported accuracy criteria."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4957__response__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In future studies, the system will be more extensively evaluated based on current metrics to determine whether it meets the clinical requirements for state-of-the-art CGMs and user expectations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4957/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4221119598_W4383368866_W4383368605", "triad_name": "triad_4957", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4957__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ecologic niche for S. aureus in humans is in the anterior nares, where S. aureus can be identified most consistently in humans [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One-quarter to one-third of healthy persons har- bor S. aureus in the nose at any time [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although S. aureus can also be found on the skin or in the rectum or vagina, the nose appears to be the primary reservoir for replication and spread to other bodily sites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This idea is supported by studies that have revealed that, if S. aureus nasal carriage is temporarily eliminated by use of an intranasal topical antibiotic (e.g., mu- pirocin), colonization often simultaneously disappears from other colonized body sites [28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Nasal S. aureus isolates are often identical to strains that later cause clinical infection, as assessed by PFGE [29, 30]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The proof of principle demonstrating the importance of nasal colonization's role in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection is that, when colonization is eradicated, the risk of clinical infec- tion is lowered [27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This observation has spurred attempts to eradicate S. aureus from the nose to prevent infection among high-risk groups."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Unfortunately, nasal decolonization strategies have limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Short-term eradication is generally successful, but patients are often later recolonized with the same strain [26, 28, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This suggests that recolonization from sources exogenous to the nose can occur."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Another limitation is that recolonizing strains are sometimes resistant to the previously used intranasal topical antibiotic [32]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 2], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The relationship between colonization and infection has been a fundamental tenet in the pathogenesis of S. aureus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, there are very few data on the association between CA-MRSA infection and nasal MRSA colonization, and there are even fewer data from prospective studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Indeed, a common feature of outbreak and nonoutbreak (i.e., endemic) CA-MRSA infec- tions is the lack of identifiable endogenous sources of MRSA (i.e., asymptomatic carriage in the anterior nares)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To illustrate, 2 outbreak investigations of CA-MRSA infec- tions in football teams revealed that the responsible CA-MRSA clone was not found in the nares of infected players, uninfected teammates/staff, or the environment [7, 33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This suggests that the strain was acquired from a nonnasal endogenous source or an environmental source."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An investigation of community- dwelling rural Alaskans with CA-MRSA infection found that the majority of cases of S. aureus disease (185%) were caused by MRSA, but most nasal colonizations (67%) in infected per- sons, household members, and uninfected control subjects in- volved MSSA [34]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Taken together, these studies suggest that CA-MRSA infection was not \"the tip of the iceberg\" that rep- resented a clinical progression of massive background coloni- zation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Instead, the findings suggested that CA-MRSA nasal colonization, while uncommon, could be associated with an uncommonly high risk of CA-MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Alternatively, CA-MRSA could be acquired from nonnasal body sites or con- taminated environments."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data on CA-MRSA infection among MSM-especially HIV- infected MSM-have provided additional insight into the role of colonization in CA-MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "CA-MRSA infection among MSM has been associated with high-risk behaviors, in- cluding use of methamphetamines and other illicit drugs, high- risk sexual behavior, use of the Internet to find sexual contacts, occurrence of skin-abrading sex, and history of sexually trans- mitted infections [10, 35-37]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "CA-MRSA infection often occurs at sites in which skin-skin contact occurs during sexual activ- ities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In one investigation, 32 (27%) of 118 MSM in San Fran- cisco, California, and 47 (39%) of 121 MSM from Boston, Massachusetts, had CA-MRSA infection involving the buttocks and/or genitoperineal sites [38]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Others have reported the oc- currence of CA-MRSA infection in the buttocks and genito- perineal sites associated with heterosexual sexual activity [39]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The high disease burden involving buttocks and/or genitoper- ineal sites caused by CA-MRSA suggests that CA-MRSA strains may be transmitted during sexual contact as a result of direct skin-skin contact and may even be considered to be an agent of sexually transmitted infection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another investigation has shed light on the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA in MSM."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a point prevalence study of MRSA colonization among community-dwelling HIV-infected MSM (among whom CA-MRSA infections occurred frequently), na- sal MRSA colonization was uncommon (7 [4%] of 158 MSM); it was relatively uncommon when compared with MSSA col- onization (36 [23%] of 158 MSM) [40]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among the 6 patients with recent, prior MRSA infection, only 1 was colonized with MRSA, suggesting that nasal colonization may have only a modest role in infection pathogenesis and that the CA-MRSA infection was acquired via other routes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Other data support the role of nonnasal colonization in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One investigation of 65 patients with acute CA-MRSA infection found that 40% were colonized with MRSA and that the prevalences of MRSA colonization in the nares, axilla, inguinal area, and rectum were 26%, 8%, 20%, and 15%, respectively [41]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In contrast, in 35 subjects with acute CA-MSSA, HA-MRSA, or HA-MSSA infection, nonnasal S. aureus colonization was rare (3% of subjects)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This suggests that colonization patterns in CA-MRSA infection may be dis- tinct from the patterns of traditional S. aureus infection and thus play a role in, for example, the sexual transmission of CA- MRSA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Outbreaks of CA-MRSA infection have repeatedly occurred among athletes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In these outbreaks, players are believed to spread the infection through repeated skin-skin contact, es- pecially contact between broken skin, which occurs in games and practices [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In theses outbreaks, CA-MRSA infection was associated with exposures to various contaminated fomites, including whirlpools, shared razors, and shared towels [7, 33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Other fomites implicated in outbreaks of sports team-associ- ated CA-MRSA infection include benches, body suits worn by fencers, and even a bar of soap [6, 33, 42]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In non-sports team outbreaks, sauna benches have been implicated [34]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In non- outbreak settings, close contact with a person who has a skin infection was also associated with CA-MRSA infection [43]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Because S. aureus can colonize commonly touched household objects, such as toilet handles, doorknobs, and kitchen sinks [44], it is feasible that households can serve as reservoirs for CA-MRSA strains and may play an important role in recurrent infections that can plague households [20, 21, 23]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Environmental sources of S. aureus as a cause for infection are not new or unique to CA-MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In hospitals, S. aureus and MRSA have been isolated from stethoscopes, pagers, bed spaces, workstations, and other places [45-47]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Aggressive control of MRSA strains in the environment has contributed to effective strategies to prevent MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, in The Netherlands, the so-called \"search-and-destroy\" policy has minimized HA-MRSA infections to such a degree that they have become uncommon, and the rate of HA-MRSA in The Netherlands is far below the rates in neighboring countries [48]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One key component of the search-and-destroy method is ag- gressive environmental (hospital ward) cleaning, in which wards where MRSA has been isolated are closed and extensively cleaned [49]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although the reason behind the success of the search-and-destroy method is almost certainly multifactorial (e.g., it also involves aggressive screening and decolonization of patients and health care workers, among other measures) [49], its heavy emphasis on environmental decontamination may be a key component."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0009__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Its success compared with other MRSA control measures lends credence to the notion that en- vironmental sources are an important component of MRSA pathogenesis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clearly, the dynamics of community living differ markedly from the dynamics of health care settings."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the basis of CA- MRSA outbreak data, it is possible that infection pathogenesis relies much more on acquisition from environmental sources and less on antecedent nasal colonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In fact, a conceptual model of CA-MRSA transmission highlights noncolonization routes of CA-MRSA acquisition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This model, the \"Five Cs of CA-MRSA Transmission\" [50, 51], was developed by the Cen- ters for Disease Control and Prevention and suggests that MRSA infection results from the following constellation of risks: (1) contact (direct skin-skin contact); (2) cleanliness; (3) compromised skin integrity; (4) contaminated objects, surfaces, and items; and (5) crowded living conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Some have added a 6th \"C\": exposure to antibiotic capsules (and tablets, liquids, etc.) on the basis of data that prior antibiotic use is a risk for CA-MRSA acquisition [33, 34, 52]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The 5 Cs model is impor- tant in that it helps explain CA-MRSA infections found in outbreak situations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This model's role outside of outbreaks may not be as clear, because crowding living situations may not play a major role (e.g., New York City, to date, has experienced a relatively low rate of CA-MRSA infection) [53]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Taken in sum, data from outbreaks of CA-MRSA infection and from endemic infections suggest that antecedent nasal colonization may play a much less prominent role in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA than was previously believed."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The prevalence of MRSA disease in the United States has in- creased dramatically as a result of the emergence of the CA- Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/46/5/752/287593 by Robert Crown Law Library user on 06 October 2025 CLINICAL PRACTICE • CID 2008:46 (1 March) • 755 MRSA clone USA300."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First isolated in 2000 [54], USA300 has been implicated in epidemiologically unassociated outbreaks in at least 38 US states (figure 1) [5-7, 10, 20, 33, 39, 42, 52, 54- 68]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although many USA300 infections occur in the context of outbreaks, many are sporadic and do not involve any well- defined populations [69, 70]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "USA300 is now also epidemic in many communities across the United States and accounts for 150% of all S. aureus infections [53, 71, 72]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Longitudinal anal- ysis of S. aureus disease at an urban medical center in the United States illustrates the epidemic character of this clone (figure 2) [73, 74]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The frequency of CA-MRSA disease increased 115- fold between 1996 and 2004, resulting in a concomitant dou- bling of overall S. aureus disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This epidemic could be at- tributed entirely to the rapid dissemination of a single clone of this species: from 1 case involving USA300 in 2000 to 1021 cases involving USA300 in 2004 (figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The international spread of USA300 has been recently re- ported, with outbreaks of infection in Canada and many Eu- ropean countries [75-81]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exportation of USA300 may be fa- cilitated by a history of recent travel to the United States [75- 77]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is of interest that USA300 first gained a foothold in Canada among persons with a history of incarceration, illicit drug use, and homelessness [82]; the same risk factors were noted among the early patients infected with the USA300 strain described in the United States [5, 54, 55, 73], suggesting that USA300 may emerge in the more marginalized populations with increased frequency of person-person contact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, this strain has clearly also established itself in nonmarginalized populations, such as healthy children [72]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0014__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The long history of effective MRSA control and prevention in some countries, such as The Netherlands, could be unraveled by community dissem- ination of USA300."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "USA300 has become such a globally successful CA-MRSA clone in terms of causing human disease that it is reasonable to think of it as the prototypical CA-MRSA strain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, un- derstanding the pathogenesis of USA300 infection may be crit- ical to understanding the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Its unique molecular characteristics may also be key compo- nents of the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is epidemio- logically strongly associated with USA300 and other CA-MRSA strains."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The vast majority PVL-positive S. aureus isolates found worldwide are clustered in just 4 CA-MRSA lineages: ST1/ MW2, the US Midwest clone; ST8/USA300, the epidemic-prone American clone; ST30/USA1100, the Southwest Pacific Oceania clone; and ST80, the European clone."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The linkage of PVL to the 4 CA-MRSA genetic backgrounds may explain some of the unique epidemiological properties associated with CA-MRSA Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/46/5/752/287593 by Robert Crown Law Library user on 06 October 2025 756 • CID 2008:46 (1 March) • CLINICAL PRACTICE strains, although PVL's role in the spread of CA-MRSA is not clear [83]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The role of PVL in disease pathogenesis is also controversial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Some animal studies have failed to find PVL as a major virulence factor [84], although others have found that it has a role in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary infection [85]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "USA300 and other CA-MRSA strains also contain a different staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec), confer- ring resistance to the entire class of b-lactam antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the absence of antibiotic treatment, SCCmec is thought to reduce the biological fitness of MRSA [86-88]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "CA-MRSA, however, carries an allotype of SCCmec that is smaller in size than those typically found in nosocomial strains; this may impose only a slight cost to fitness, because it does not contain resistance genes other than mecA, which encodes an altered target penicillin- binding protein 2a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "CA-MRSA may also contain other genomic adaptations that allow it to overcome the presumed fitness cost of SCCmec."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Integrated next to the type IV SCCmec element is a putative pathogenicity island called type I arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) [89]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Type I ACME is uniquely found in USA300 and not in other S. aureus strains."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0017__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The physical linkage between ACME and type IV SCCmec suggests that se- lection for enhanced fitness could coselect for increasing fre- quencies of not only b-lactam resistance but also other mul- tidrug resistant determinants, including multidrug resistance conjugative plasmids, which are carried by a subset of USA300 strains [89]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ACME-SCCmec linkage is of great interest, because it was first discovered in the USA300 genome [89]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Horizontal acquisition of ACME from the ubiquitous skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis may enhance the growth and sur- vival of USA300 in the host-particularly on the human skin [89]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Deletion of ACME resulted in attenuated virulence of a clinical USA300 in a rabbit infection model [90]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because the type I ACME found in USA300 has not been found in other CA-MRSA lineages, ACME could contribute to the epidemic character unique to this clone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Indeed, only USA300 exhibits enhanced capacity to cause widespread epidemic disease and to displace other ACME-negative CA-MRSA clones, including ST1/MW2, ST30/USA1100, and ST80 [57, 73, 76, 91]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "More- over, recent comprehensive proteomic analysis revealed that USA300 produced many virulence determinants in greater abundance than did ST1/MW2, including a-hemolysin, enter- otoxins Q and K, staphylokinase, and proteases [92]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In sum- mary, there are likely pathogen-level factors in CA-MRSA strains that enhance its pathogenicity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Compared with other CA-MRSA strains, USA300 strains may have features that are particularly well suited to cause disease, although these features are, at this time, poorly understood."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The role of human host defenses against S. aureus is a final key factor in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA and S. aureus in- fections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clearly, qualitative deficiencies in neutrophil function are associated with S. aureus infection [93]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other host factors associated with infection risk include antimicrobial peptides [94], although our current understanding of host response to S. aureus is very limited."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Skin integrity is also key to prevention of S. aureus infection [33]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A distinct feature of CA-MRSA disease is the high disease burden among healthy community-dwelling individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Many patients with CA-MRSA infection, however, have reported a breach in skin integrity that served as the portal of infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, skin infections often resulted from activities that resulted in skin trauma, such as those resulting from physical"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/46/5/752/287593 by Robert Crown Law Library user on 06 October 2025 CLINICAL PRACTICE • CID 2008:46 (1 March) • 757 contact sports [7, 33, 42], injection drug use [95], and shaving of the genital area before sexual activity [39, 96]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Many children do not have recognized breeches in skin integrity before in- fection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Whether this means there was none or that these breeches were not recognized or recalled is not clear."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The role of other host defenses in the pathogenesis of CA-MRSA, how- ever, remains poorly understood."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data from outbreaks of infection and from endemic infections suggest that CA-MRSA behaves in a manner that is patho- genically distinct from HA-MRSA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although longitudinal nat- ural history studies have not been performed, epidemiologic and basic studies suggest that nasal colonization plays a less prominent role in the transmission and pathogenesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These studies also suggest that CA-MRSA colonization may not commonly precede infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Direct person-person and fo- mite-person transmission appear to be important routes of CA-MRSA infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is possible that the genetically distinct CA-MRSA strains have important nonnasal niches (e.g., in- guinal regions) that act as reservoirs for transmission (e.g., via sexual behavior) or perhaps even reinfection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Unique mo- lecular characteristics of CA-MRSA strains-especially the USA300 strain-may facilitate their pathogenicity and spread."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0022__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Host factors play an important but poorly understood role in CA-MRSA pathogenesis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There are now compelling data suggesting that the patho- genesis of CA-MRSA is unique and distinct from that of HA- MRSA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather than using the model of HA-MRSA that asserts that there is a stepwise progression from MRSA colonization to MRSA infection [26], we think that a model for CA-MRSA pathogenesis should consider the distinct epidemiological phe- nomena of CA-MRSA (figure 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Reliance on models of HA- MRSA transmission for prevention of CA-MRSA infection may result in the development of suboptimal prevention strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, decolonization strategies that rely only on nasal decolonization may not be successful, because they do not ad- dress nonnasal colonization or decolonization of the patient's environs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Prevention efforts may require total body decoloni- zation, decolonization of close or household contacts, and/or decolonization of the patient's household or workplace."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Suc- cessful efforts to prevent CA-MRSA reinfection or transmission will need to be based on a firm understanding of the unique CA-MRSA pathogenesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__original__p0023__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Longitudinal investigations will be key in helping us further understand CA-MRSA pathogenesis."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_3628__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Background. Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections often affect multiple members of a household."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We compared 2 approaches to S. aureus eradication: decolonizing the entire household versus decolonizing the index case alone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An open-label, randomized trial enrolled 183 pediatric patients (cases) with community-onset S. aureus skin abscesses and colonization of anterior nares, axillae, or inguinal folds from 2008 to 2009 at primary and tertiary centers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants were randomized to decolonization of the case alone (index group) or of all household members (household group)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The 5-day regimen included hygiene education, twice-daily intranasal mupirocin, and daily chlorhexidine body washes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Colonization of cases and subsequent skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) in cases and household contacts were ascertained at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among 147 cases with 1-month colonization data, modified intention-to-treat analysis revealed S. aureus eradication in 50% of cases in the index group and 51% in the household group (P = 1.00)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Among 126 cases completing 12-month follow-up, S. aureus was eradicated from 54% of the index group versus 66% of the household group (P = .28)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Over 12 months, recurrent SSTI was reported in 72% of cases in the index group and 52% in the household group (P = .02)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "SSTI incidence in household contacts was significantly lower in the household versus index group during the first 6 months; this trend continued at 12 months."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conclusions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Household decolonization was not more effective than individual decolonization in eradicating community-associated S. aureus carriage from cases."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, household decolonization reduced the incidence of subsequent SSTI in cases and their household contacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Clinical Trials Registration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "NCT00731783."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The incidence of staphylococcal skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) has risen dramatically over the past decade [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This epidemic has been driven largely by a community-associated Staphylococcus aureus clone designated USA300, which includes methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive strains [3, 4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recurrent S. aureus SSTIs are especially problematic; recurrence rates >20% over 3 months have been reported [5–7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Community-associated S. aureus infections cluster within households [8–10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We previously demonstrated that children were at a 7-fold greater risk for developing SSTI if a household member had a recent SSTI [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Although community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission dynamics are not well established, it is believed that household contacts may serve as reservoirs for S. aureus transmission."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Thus, patients treated for S. aureus infection may reacquire the organism from colonized household contacts, potentially placing them at risk for recurrence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization is a risk factor for SSTI development [11–13]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Decolonization measures used to prevent healthcare-associated MRSA infections (eg, mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine antiseptic) [14–18] are often prescribed for patients in community settings in an effort to prevent recurrent SSTI [19]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, it is unclear whether decolonization should be performed by all household members or only by affected individuals."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The primary objective of this study was to compare S. aureus eradication from index cases when decolonization measures were performed by the index case alone compared with measures performed by all household members."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Secondary objectives included comparing incidence of SSTI in index cases and household contacts between treatment groups and evaluating adherence to decolonization measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We hypothesized that decolonization of all household members would be twice as effective in eradicating index case S. aureus carriage compared with decolonization of the index case alone."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "METHODS Study Design The Staphylococcus aureus Decolonization Study (SuDS) was an open-label, randomized controlled trial."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Washington University Institutional Review Board approved this study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Definitions A case was defined as a pediatric patient with community-onset S. aureus SSTI and S. aureus colonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A household contact was defined as an individual spending more than half of each week in the case’s household."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Decolonization was defined as use of antimicrobial agents to eliminate S. aureus carriage [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Eradication was defined as absence of S. aureus carriage at 3 sampled body sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants Recruitment for this study was a 2-step process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, patients aged 6 months to 20 years with acute community-onset SSTI requiring drainage were screened at the St Louis Children’s Hospital (SLCH) ambulatory wound center and emergency department and from 9 community pediatric practices affiliated with a practice-based research network in metropolitan St Louis (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Patients were excluded from screening if they had an indwelling catheter, percutaneous medical device, or postoperative wound infection; were undergoing dialysis; or resided in a long-term care facility."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At screening, verbal informed consent and demographic information were obtained."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Culture swabs (BBL Liquid Stuart; Becton Dickinson [BD], Sparks, Maryland) were collected from the anterior nares, axillae, and inguinal folds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Wound culture results were obtained from the SLCH microbiology laboratory or the primary provider to confirm S. aureus as the infecting organism."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Second, patients with both S. aureus (MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA]) colonization and infection were subsequently invited to return to SLCH for trial enrollment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0033__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To assess colonization status of the cases’ household contacts, swabs (BBL Liquid Amies; BD) from the anterior nares, axillae, and inguinal folds, accompanied by directions for culture collection, were mailed to the cases’ homes (a procedure validated previously by our group and others) [21, 22]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Study Intervention and Randomization Trial enrollment was conducted in the SLCH Clinical Research Center (CRC) from July 2008 to November 2009, after the case’s acute SSTI had healed (median time from screening, 21 days; interquartile range,15–31 days; no difference between treatment groups)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At trial enrollment, written informed consent was provided for the case and each household contact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participant assent was obtained for minors ≥7 years of age."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Randomization was conducted with an Internet-based, computer-generated randomization schedule (Randomization.com) using permutation blocks of 6 and 8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The designated intervention for each participant was sealed inside a sequentially numbered security envelope and opened at enrollment by a research coordinator."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All participants received a standardized hygiene curriculum advising them to avoid sharing personal hygiene items (eg, razors, brushes, and towels), to use liquid pump or pour soaps and lotions (rather than bar soaps and jars of lotion), and to launder (in hot water) bed linens at least once weekly and towels and washcloths after each use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The 5-day decolonization regimen included twice-daily application of 2% mupirocin ointment to the anterior nares with a sterile cotton applicator and daily use of Hibiclens (4% chlorhexidine gluconate, Mölnlycke Health Care, Norcross, Georgia) in the bath or shower."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Participants were instructed to apply the Hibiclens with the hands or with a clean washcloth and wash all body parts, excluding the face, followed by a thorough rinse with water."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Participants were randomized to 1 of 2 study groups: the index group in which only the case was instructed to perform decolonization, and the household group in which the case and all household contacts (>6 months of age and not pregnant) were instructed to perform decolonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Oral and printed instructions were provided to study participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Study staff demonstrated application of mupirocin ointment to the anterior nares."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0034__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Participants were provided with all study materials needed to complete decolonization measures at home."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data Collection at Baseline and Follow-up A standardized questionnaire was administered to each case at enrollment to collect demographic information for each case and household contact, details of the household environment, and case characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One week after enrollment, a parent or guardian of each case was telephoned to assess adherence and adverse reactions to the decolonization protocol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Index cases were followed longitudinally with visits 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after enrollment at the SLCH CRC or the primary provider’s office."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To assess S. aureus colonization status of the case, nasal, axillary, and inguinal swabs were collected at each follow-up visit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "A survey was administered to ascertain interval development of SSTI in the case or any household contact."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Descriptions of SSTI included skin abscess or boil, cellulitis, impetigo, or spider bite (because community-associated MRSA abscesses may be mistaken for spider bites) [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "All follow-up was completed by November 2010."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Participants remained blinded to colonization culture results until completion of their 12-month follow-up."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Over the 1-year study, 22 cases completed ≥1 follow-up visit by mail due to the distance of their home from SLCH."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "For these cases, the follow-up survey was conducted by telephone, and swabs were mailed for home collection as detailed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "For cases unable to be contacted for follow-up, SLCH medical records were examined to identify recurrent SSTI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0035__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "In addition, medical record review was performed at the primary provider’s office for cases reporting recurrent SSTI for which they sought medical care."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Study Outcomes The primary outcome measure was S. aureus eradication of the case 1 month after randomization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Secondary outcomes were S. aureus eradication from the case at 3, 6, and 12 months; incidence of SSTI in the case or household contacts over 12 months; and adherence to decolonization measures."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Laboratory Methods Colonization culture swabs were incubated in tryptic soy broth with 6.5% sodium chloride (BBL; BD) overnight at 35°C."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The broth was plated to trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep’s blood (BBL; BD) and incubated at 35°C overnight."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Staphylococcus aureus isolates were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute procedures as previously described [23, 24]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Laboratory personnel were blinded to randomization assignments."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Swabs collected at home all yielded normal flora for the appropriate body site, suggesting that samples were indeed representative of these sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Sample-Size Calculation and Statistical Analysis We anticipated that 50% of cases would achieve S. aureus eradication when measures were performed by the case alone ([25] and Fritz, unpublished data)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On this basis, 65 participants were needed in each group to detect 50% relative reduction in S. aureus colonization in the case at 1 month (α = .05, study power 80% by Pearson’s χ2 test)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We anticipated 25% attrition and therefore enrolled 183 households."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS for Windows 17.0 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, Illinois)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Baseline characteristics between treatment groups were evaluated by the Student t test (continuous data) and Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test (categorical data)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Outcome measures were evaluated by modified intention-to-treat analysis at each time point by Fisher’s exact test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Specifically, participants were analyzed in the arm to which they were assigned, and the analysis for each time point included participants with evaluable data at that time point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "All tests of significance were 2-tailed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "P values ≤.05 were considered significant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Odds ratios were considered significant if the 95% confidence interval did not include 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0038__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Relationships between treatment group and outcomes (index case S. aureus eradication and recurrent SSTI) were evaluated using multivariable binary logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounding characteristics that differed significantly between treatment groups at baseline; adjusted odds ratios were reported."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "RESULTS Baseline Patient Characteristics One hundred eighty-three cases and their households were enrolled in the study; 91 were randomized to the household group and 92 to the index group (Figure 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The mean age (SD) of the cases was 6.0 (5.8) years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Females (58%) and African Americans (58%) were predominant."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Characteristics of cases in the treatment groups were similarly distributed at baseline, except that those randomized to the household group were less likely than those in the index group to have Medicaid or no health insurance (P = .02) and more likely to be colonized with MRSA (P = .04) (Table 1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Primary and Secondary Outcomes S. aureus Eradication at 1 Month Among 147 cases with 1-month colonization data, S. aureus was eradicated from 51% in the household group and 50% in the index group (P = 1.00) (Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "S. aureus Eradication at 3, 6, and 12 Months At 3 months, cases in the household group had a higher rate of S. aureus eradication (72%) than those in the index group (54%; P = .05); this difference was not significant when adjusting for baseline differences between treatment groups (P = .07)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Eradication rates at 6 and 12 months did not differ between groups (Figure 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "When stratified by MRSA and MSSA baseline colonization, eradication rates between treatment groups did not differ significantly (data not shown)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recurrent SSTI in Cases At 1 month, recurrent SSTI was self-reported for 15% of case in the household group and 26% in the index group (P = .12)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Assessment of the cumulative recurrence of self-reported SSTI revealed that cases in the household group were less likely than those in the index group to report recurrent SSTI after 3 months (28% vs 47%; P = .02), 6 months (38% vs 61%; P = .008), and 12 months (52% vs 72%; P = .02) (Figure 3A)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Recurrent SSTI rates did not differ when stratified by baseline MRSA versus MSSA infection (data not shown)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Of 175 self-reported recurrent SSTIs in 90 cases, medical care was sought for 117 (67%) SSTIs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of these, 56 (48%) cases reported requiring a drainage procedure, and 93 (79%) reportedly were prescribed antibiotics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Of the 117 SSTIs for which cases reported seeking medical care, 107 (91%) were confirmed upon review of medical records."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "At 1 month, recurrent SSTI was documented by a physician in 13% of cases in the household group and 19% of cases in the index group (P = .38)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Cases in the household group were less likely than those in the index group to have a physician-documented recurrent SSTI after 3 months (15% vs 34%; P = .007), 6 months (22% vs 43%; P = .008), and 12 months (36% vs 55%; P = .03) (Figure 3B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0042__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In multivariable analyses, adjusting for baseline differences between treatment groups (insurance and MRSA colonization status) did not change the effect size of the relationship between treatment group and recurrent SSTI in cases (Figure 3A and 3B)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "SSTI in Household Contacts Household contacts of cases in the household group were less likely than those in the index group to report SSTI at 1 month (2% vs 7%; P = .005), 3 months (4% vs 10%; P = .01), and 6 months (9% vs 16%; P = .04)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "At 12 months, a trend remained toward decreased SSTI among household contacts in the household group (16% vs 22%, P = .10) (Figure 4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Protocol Adherence No serious adverse events were reported."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Of 162 (88%) cases providing information, 35 (22%) reported side effects, including dry skin (23 [14%]), rash (9 [6%]), and hives (3 [2%])."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Most parents of cases (85%) found the protocol easy to implement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Parents perceived chlorhexidine body washes to be the easiest study component, whereas washing towels after each use was perceived to be the most difficult."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Cases were considered adherent to the decolonization protocol if they used mupirocin twice daily and chlorhexidine daily for ≥5 days and followed ≥3 hygiene recommendations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Duration of use of study medications by cases ranged from 0 to 30 (median, 5) days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The majority (131 of 162 [81%]) of cases were adherent with the protocol (index group, 69 of 84 [82%]; household group, 62 of 78 [80%]; P = .69)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In the household group, 74% (220 of 299) of the household contacts performed decolonization measures for ≥5 days as prescribed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Parents and siblings (77%) were more likely to be adherent than other household members (63%; P = .03)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0044__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Twenty-nine (10%) of 295 household contacts in the index group (instructed not to perform decolonization) reported using the study materials."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 13, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [13, 13, 13], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "DISCUSSION While data are emerging regarding the effectiveness of regimens to eradicate S. aureus from patients in community settings, the optimal approach to decolonization remains unclear [20, 25–27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Community-associated S. aureus is a disease affecting households; in the present study, we evaluated an individual versus household approach to S. aureus eradication."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We found that S. aureus eradication from cases did not differ between treatment groups over 12 months."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, we found that a household decolonization approach resulted in fewer subsequent SSTIs in both cases and their household contacts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The finding of reduced SSTI despite no difference in eradication rates between treatment groups is surprising given the fact that endogenous S. aureus colonization is a predictor of nosocomial infection [28–30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, in the community setting, other factors may contribute to S. aureus pathogenesis and SSTI development [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Some authors propose that skin-to-skin and skin-to-fomite contact may play a greater role in S. aureus pathogenesis than does endogenous colonization [31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This model of transmission is supported by the observation that not all patients with S. aureus SSTI are colonized with S. aureus [31, 32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In the present study, 20% of screened patients with confirmed S. aureus SSTI were not colonized with S. aureus in the nares, axillae, or inguinal folds."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Furthermore, while many patients with SSTI are S. aureus carriers, an endogenous colonizing strain may not be the strain causing disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In a study of pediatric patients with S. aureus SSTI and nasal colonization, only 59% were colonized with a strain concordant with the strain recovered from the infection site [6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "This suggests that acquisition of a new strain (via person-to-person contact or from environmental surfaces) results in symptomatic infection."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0045__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "A better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of community-associated S. aureus colonization and infection is essential to developing interventions that will improve patient outcomes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The household decolonization data presented here can inform a common clinical practice that had been previously unstudied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a 2006 survey of infectious diseases consultants inquiring about strategies to prevent recurrent community-associated SSTIs, approximately half the respondents reported prescribing decolonization measures for all family members, while 4% treated only colonized family members [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The effectiveness of decolonization measures in reducing SSTI might be similar if measures were targeted only at S. aureus carriers; such an approach would decrease the burden and cost of performing these measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, culturing all household members may not be practical in a community setting."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If decolonization measures are prescribed for patients with recurrent SSTI, the findings of this study support an approach directed at all household members."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study has several limitations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did not directly observe the performance of decolonization measures by participants, although 81% of cases and 74% of household contacts asked to perform the protocol reported adherence with prescribed measures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, 10% of household contacts not assigned to the protocol used the index case’s materials."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although we recognize the limitations of self-reporting an SSTI, our conclusions are also borne out by the analysis limited to physician-documented SSTIs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The decolonization regimen selected for this trial (intranasal mupirocin and chlorhexidine body washes) was selected based on data from healthcare-based trials [17, 18, 33] and the popularity of this regimen among infectious disease practitioners for patients in the community [19]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Bleach and chlorhexidine-impregnated cloths are alternatives for decolonization [34–36]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Finally, because we hypothesized that the effect size would be greater earlier in the follow-up period (within the first 3 months), we modeled the outcomes individually at each time point; alternative modeling strategies (eg, generalized hierarchical linear modeling) might also have been considered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This study has unique strengths."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though nasal screening is frequently the sole means used to detect S. aureus colonization [37–40], other sites [38, 41–43] may represent important niches for S. aureus colonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We sampled 3 body sites that yielded important data on the distinct colonization patterns of community-associated S. aureus [22, 31]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Indeed, nearly one-third of colonized cases and household contacts would not have been detected had only the nares been sampled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Also, due to the breadth of age, race, household size, and geographic distribution of our participants, these results may be generalizable to other populations affected by community-associated S. aureus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ongoing community-associated S. aureus epidemic is a significant public health burden that affects millions of individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This entity is particularly challenging within households, where the reservoir of S. aureus may perpetuate ongoing disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "At present, we lack effective validated methods to prevent these infections [20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This is the first randomized trial of S. aureus decolonization strategies in the community setting to demonstrate a reduction in the burden of SSTI [25–27]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "However, this study is only a first step in demonstrating that a household approach can decrease the impact of S. aureus, as >50% of cases in the household group reported recurrent SSTI over a 1-year period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__critique__p0048__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Further studies elucidating the roles of household colonization pressure and household environmental contamination in community-associated S. aureus transmission and disease are needed to guide subsequent trials of optimized strategies for interrupting staphylococcal transmission."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_3628__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are a common reason healthy and immunocompromised persons seek medical attention [1, 2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the United States, the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) infections has dramatically shifted SSTI epidemiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Visits to US physician offices, hospital outpatient departments, and emergency departments for SSTIs increased by 50% between 1997 and 2004 [3], and hospital admissions increased by 29% during 2000–2004 [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These increases appear to be driven by the dramatic increase in CA-MRSA infections [3, 4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One notable aspect of CA-MRSA skin infections is their predilection to cause subsequent disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Recurrent SSTIs are frequently encountered in patients with community-associated S. aureus and CA-MRSA [1], and recurrence rates exceeding 50% have been described in selected populations [5]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Unfortunately, there are few data to guide clinicians and patients on optimal methods for prevention."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fritz et al [6] present results of a randomized clinical trial on prevention of community-associated S. aureus SSTI infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The investigators randomized children with S. aureus infection plus S. aureus colonization in the nares, axilla, or inguinal folds into a 5-day decolonization regimen that targeted either the infected child alone or the entire household."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The investigators exploited the knowledge that many households’ members are also colonized with the infecting isolate [7] and thus may serve as reservoirs for pathogenic S. aureus strains."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Results of this trial are intriguing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First, although there were no significant differences in colonization eradication of case (index) subjects between treatment allocation groups (54% vs 66%; P = .28), self-reported infection rates differed between groups (72% in the index group vs 52% in the household decolonization group; P = .02)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Second, the regimen under study was brief (5 days), and household implementation was described as easy and relatively well tolerated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Like any important clinical trial, findings from Fritz et al [6] raise more questions than they answer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To frame these issues, it is useful to look at the findings in the context of the clinician or patient faced with community-associated S. aureus infection, specifically: Is decolonization of S. aureus after S. aureus infection needed?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interestingly, the study design of Fritz et al does not answer the key question: Does S. aureus decolonization prevent subsequent S. aureus infection?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At this time, there are no data from randomized clinical trials showing that decolonization reduces recurrent infections compared with no decolonization effort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We still lack clear evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of S. aureus eradication of the index child compared with no decolonization."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Despite the lack of an untreated control group, the finding that decolonization of the household unit was more effective at preventing infections than was decolonization of just the index patient is important and supports the concept that decolonization may be an effective tool to prevent recurrent infection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "During the physician-patient dialogue on S. aureus decolonization, the prudent clinician should recommend the regimen described by Fritz et al as a safe and well-tolerated protocol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other decolonization regimens, for example, bleach baths [2], remain unproven."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We must remind ourselves that patients and parents in this investigation constituted a relatively motivated group that agreed to participate in a 12-month trial involving the entire family."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Not all households may be so motivated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Offering this regimen after a single infection may be futile unless the family is highly motivated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0052__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We must also remind ourselves and our patients that even among those randomized to household decolonization, 52% of index subjects reported recurrent disease."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Do I need to check for colonization prior to household decolonization?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The investigators found that only 80% of children with S. aureus SSTIs were colonized with S. aureus and therefore eligible for trial participation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They also correctly note that even if colonization is found, more than one-third of subjects could be colonized with strains different from the infecting isolate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, this trial does not address whether index patients without detected S. aureus colonization would benefit from household decolonization."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Trial findings suggest that before considering decolonization, clinicians should screen the nares, axilla, and inguinal folds for S. aureus colonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "( If the index patient had MRSA, then testing solely for MRSA would likely be sufficient.) If colonization is detected, then motivated, willing families should be offered decolonization."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "If colonization is absent, clinicians must convey that decolonizing household members may result in no benefit."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What about adults with S. aureus infection?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Adults are not just big children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their relative independence leads them to behaviors and exposures that may result in acquisition of S. aureus infections in different manners than children."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The relatively low proportion of MRSA-colonized patients with MRSA infection in some investigations argues that adults may be acquiring pathogenic isolates from fomites or other persons [8]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, it is unclear whether results of this trial would be applicable to adults."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "If the regimen is offered to households of index adults, we must be honest with our patients and let them know that this regimen’s efficacy, while promising, is unproven."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given the low risk of the decolonization regimen, is there any downside to household decolonization?"}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The intervention used by Fritz et al, although relatively easy to use, is far from perfect."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The investigators did not quantify whether infecting or colonizing isolates developed mupirocin or chlorhexidine resistance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although the likelihood of colonized patients’ S. aureus isolates developing mupirocin resistance during the therapeutic regimen described by Fritz et al is probably very low [9], increasing use of mupirocin could drive the prevalence of mupirocin-resistant S. aureus higher, which may in turn lead to treatment failures."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, we must remain judicious in our use of this agent in medical institutions and the outpatient setting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fortunately, chlorhexidine resistance appears to be rare [10]; however, our understanding of the mechanism and its prevalence is in its infancy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition, although well tolerated, chlorhexidine—including the product used for the trial (Hibiclens)—is complicated to use optimally."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Patients need to avoid getting the product in open wounds and in mucous membranes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The product works best when it is left on for many hours and is easily inactivated by soap, creams, and lotions [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Washing clothes and linens with residual chlorhexidine using bleach containing detergents will cause staining."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Thus, prescribing chlorhexidine requires considerable patient education."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0055__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Fortunately, materials on proper use are available on the Internet [12], but practitioners need to familiarize themselves with proper use of both mupirocin and chlorhexidine and provide detailed verbal and written materials on optimal use."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "3628", "paragraph_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So is current evidence limiting us to just recommend decolonization to children with S. aureus infections known to be colonized with S. aureus and willing to have their household use this regimen? From an evidence-based medicine perspective, the answer is yes. That said, the burden of suffering from recurrent S. aureus infections is substantial. And we owe it to our patients to make the best recommendations on prevention on the basis of our contemporary understanding of the literature available to us."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "If an adult suffering from recurrent S. aureus SSTI asks for help preventing subsequent infections, it would be a disservice not to counsel the patient about the pros and cons of decolonization therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "But we need to acknowledge that we do not know whether this regimen works and that there may be adverse effects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Given the inordinate amount of physical and psychological suffering caused by S. aureus infections [13], the knowledge that something promising but unproven can be tried may provide some comfort."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_3628__response__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Hopefully, in the future, more definitive trials on community-associated S. aureus infection prevention in adults and other populations will be able to provide additional key critical evidence about prevention of this very common infection."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_3628/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2110146923_W2170997987_W2116794229", "triad_name": "triad_3628", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_3628__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, which are widely distributed on the Earth's surface, are very useful for monitoring changes in the ionosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The ionosphere is the largest source of error in signal propagation from GNSS satellites to single-frequency GNSS receivers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Accurately estimating the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere can improve the position accuracy for the GNSS users."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "GNSS TEC can be obtained easily from the geometry-free linear combination (P1-P2 or C1-P2) using data of different frequencies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "However, GNSS satellites and ground receivers have their own hardware biases, which act as large sources of error in calculating the ionospheric TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "These hardware-associated biases still remain in the ionospheric TEC after subtracting the measurements at two different frequencies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "These differences in hardware biases inherent in different GNSS code measurements are called differential code biases (DCBs)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Methods for estimating the DCB have been reported in many studies [1-9]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The GNSS satellite and receiver DCB (rDCB) values are different for each satellite and receiver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In general, the DCBs of the GNSS receivers are larger than those of the GNSS satellites."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "GNSS satellites have DCB values of several nanoseconds (ns), while those of GNSS receivers can reach up to a few tens of ns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Wilson and Mannucci [10] demonstrated that global positioning system (GPS) satellite DCBs have long-term stability with a root mean square (RMS) error of approximately 0.2 ns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Hernandez-Pajares et al. [ 11] showed that GPS satellite DCBs will remain in the range of several ns for about 10 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They also observed some periodic behaviors in them, and suggested that these could be related to the ionospheric TEC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "GNSS DCBs are affected by various factors, such as data quality, estimation method, receiver type, and antenna characteristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The diurnal variations of the rDCB can differ depending on the temperature of the hardware inside the receiver [12-15]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Mannucci et al. [ 16] suggested that the rDCB value can be more stable and more accurate when the ionospheric activity is in a somewhat quiet condition than when it is in a disturbed condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Furthermore, Zhang et al. [ 17] reported that geomagnetic conditions can affect the accuracy of rDCB values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They noted that there was a difference in rDCB between disturbed and quiet geomagnetic conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Recently, Choi and Lee [18] also reported that the rDCB can change significantly depending on the grounding status of the antennas at GNSS sites."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The International GNSS Service (IGS) has been providing reliable Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products since 1998 [19,20]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There are several international associate analysis centers (IAACs) such as the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the European Space Operations Center of the European Space Agency, the Technical University of Catalonia, and the GNSS Research Center of Wuhan University."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Typically GIM products are provided on a daily basis by each IAAC and IGS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, they contain DCBs for the GNSS satellites and the IGS stations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "DCBs and their associated RMS values are available in the daily GIM products."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 1, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The variability of DCBs related to ionospheric TEC changes has been reported by previous studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, Zhang et al. [ 21] reported that DCBs are related to ionospheric variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Considering the basic ionospheric approximation in the DCB estimation approach, they suggested that the day-to-day variation of GPS satellite DCBs is associated with the strength of the ionospheric day-to-day variation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Themens et al. [ 22] investigated that the behavior of GPS rDCB in the high-latitude region shows seasonal and temperature variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, ionospheric gradients at middle- and low-latitude regions can generate seasonal and solar-cycle variations of rDCB [23,24]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0005__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, a few case studies of DCB variability related to ionospheric change have been conducted in low-latitude or high-latitude regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, we focus on the relationship between the stability of rDCB and ionospheric TEC change with solar activity during a period of three years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This period corresponds to solar cycle 24, and has a gradual decrease in the number of sunspots."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The stability of the rDCB is analyzed in terms of rDCB RMS value, which can be obtained from the European Space Agency hourly rapid GIM (EHRG) products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Using the EHRG GIMs, we investigate vertical total electron content (VTEC), rDCB, and rDCB RMS values for the GNSS stations in three different latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, correlation coefficients are considered to measure the linear relationships between pairs of variables (VTEC and rDCB, VTEC and rDCB RMS)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "EHRG GIM products are generated on a daily basis using data from about 220 GNSS stations of the IGS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They are modeled using the ionospheric model, based on spherical harmonic expansion up to degree and order 15, which are provided by the IGS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "GIM products can be downloaded via the Crustal Dynamic Data Information System server (ftp://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As of 2014, EHRG GIM products provided in IONosphere EXchange (IONEX) format have the vertical TEC (VTEC) with a temporal resolution of 1 hour, and a spatial resolution with 2.5 • in latitude and 5 • in longitude, respectively. They also include the P1-P2 DCB for all GPS satellites, and rDCB for ground stations for each day."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Ionospheric TEC can be calculated from the geometry-free linear combination using dual-frequency GNSS measurements."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The electron density in the ionosphere along the line of sight from a satellite to receiver is referred to as TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It can be directly calculated using Equation (1)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where STEC represents the slant TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "P 1 and P 2 are GNSS pseudoranges."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "f 1 and f 2 are the frequencies of GNSS signals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "d s and d r are GNSS satellite DCB and receiver DCB, respectively."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "To estimate the GNSS satellite and receiver DCBs, constraint condition is required to separate the satellite and receiver DCBs."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It is assumed that the sum of all available GNSS satellite DCBs is zero."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In general, GIMs use the spherical harmonic expansion method to derive the spatial distribution of ionospheric TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The spherical harmonic expansion technique is shown in Equation (2) [25,26]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where, VTEC is the vertical TEC, β and s are the geocentric latitude and solar-fixed longitude of ionospheric pierce points, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "N denotes the maximum degree of the spherical harmonic expansion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "P nm represents the normalized associated Legendre function with the degree n and the order m. C nm and S nm are the TEC unknown coefficients of spherical harmonics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "F is a slant factor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0011__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "STEC is converted to VTEC by a slant factor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The sunspot number associated with solar activity was analyzed to investigate the relationship between the stability of rDCB and changes in the ionospheric TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 1 shows the daily sunspot numbers during the period from 2011 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Data on sunspot numbers is available at http: //www.sidc.be/silso/ssngraphics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Figure 1, the yellow solid line indicates the daily sunspot number and the red solid line represents the smoothed daily sunspot number with sinusoidal harmonic curve fitting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Within solar cycle 24, solar activity reached its maximum in April 2014 and has weakened in the number of sunspots since then."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In the present study, we consider ionospheric TEC changes and rDCB stability in a period of weakening solar activity from 2014 to 2016."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 2 shows the locations of the six GNSS reference stations selected to investigate the relationship between ionospheric TEC and rDCB, and between ionospheric TEC and rDCB stability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The locations of GNSS reference stations are considered in terms of three latitude zones: low latitude (20 • S-20 • N), mid-latitude (20 • S-60 • S, 20 • N-60 • N) and high latitude (60 • S-90 • S, 60 • N-90 • N), respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are two GNSS stations in each latitude zone."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Table 1 shows the receiver and antenna types at the six GNSS reference stations from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The IGS network consists of more than 500 GNSS stations distributed around the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "All selected stations in this study are included in the IGS network."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We used two major considerations when selecting these GNSS stations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "First, the GNSS receivers and antennas should not be replaced during the three years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Second, the DCBs should be reliably provided with daily values in GIM products."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In addition, different GNSS receiver models were considered to exclude receiver-type dependency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0013__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Other GNSS sites, except for NKLG and WILL, are equipped with different receivers as listed in Table 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 3 shows the time series of vertical TEC units (VTEC) (top panel), rDCB (middle panel), and rDCB RMS (bottom panel) for each GNSS station from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The amplitude of the VTEC values at all stations (DGAR, NKLG, GRAS, WILL, MAW1, and THU2) decreased gradually with solar activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The rDCB RMS values are multiplied by the number 50 because their values are too small."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0014__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, we can see clear variations in the rDCB RMS*50 time series."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 3a,b show the time-dependent changes of the above quantitative variables at the DGAR and NKLG stations, which are located at the Earth's equatorial region."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The data curves at mid-latitudes (GRAS and WILL) and higher latitudes (MAW1 and THU2) are shown in Figure 3c-f."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The most dominant feature in the VTEC, rDCB, and rDCB RMS*50 time series is the annual frequency component."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A strong semiannual component is also observed in low- and mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Zhao et al. [ 27] investigated TEC climatology from the global ionosphere maps; they reported that the semiannual behavior of the ionospheric TEC is more significant in low-latitude regions than in high-latitude regions, which is consistent with our results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a matter of fact, the amplitude of VTEC at MAW1 in the Southern Hemisphere is higher than that at THU2 in the Northern Hemisphere."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, at high-latitudes, the rDCB does not seem to be significantly correlated with TEC variations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A polynomial fitting method with 10 degrees is considered to show clear periodic features in the data time series."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As shown in Figure 3, the magnitude of the VTEC is normally larger in low-latitude regions, while it is smaller in higher latitude regions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The effect of solar activity on ionospheric TEC can be stronger at low latitudes than at mid- or high-latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At all stations, periodic variations in the rDCB and rDCB RMS*50 time series are similar to changes in the VTEC time series."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To investigate the relationship between the two different variables, a Pearson correlation was considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Pearson correlation is the most widely used to find the linear relationship between normally distributed variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Therefore, Pearson's coefficient was used to calculate the linear relationship between two variables according to the following Equation (3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "where µA and σA are the mean and standard deviation of the variableA, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "µB and σB are the mean and standard deviation of the variable B. The index, R, which indicates the correlation between the two variables, is calculated by the following Equation (4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, null, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since the variables A and B always have a direct correlation to themselves, the diagonal elements ρ(A, A) and ρ(B, B) of the matrix are necessarily equal to one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "R is simply defined as ρ(A, B)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Several approaches have been suggested to interpret the correlation coefficient with respect to different cutoff points."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this study, we choose a classification proposed by Schober et al. [ 28]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They categorised the absolute magnitude of the correlation coefficient into five categories as follows: 0.00-0.10 (negligible correlation), 0.10-0.39 (weak correlation), 0.40-0.69 (moderate correlation), 0.70-0.89 (strong correlation), and 0.90-1.00 (very strong correlation)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 4 shows different correlation coefficients between rDCB and VTEC, and between rDCB RMS and VTEC, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Figure 4a-f, the upper panels show the correlation between rDCB and VTEC, while the lower panels show the correlation between rDCB RMS and VTEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The value of R between rDCB and VTEC ranges from 0.33 to 0.78, while R between rDCB RMS and VTEC varies from 0.50 to 0.94."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two GNSS stations (DGAR and NKLG) in the equatorial regions showed a positive linear relationship between rDCB and VTEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Their R values were 0.33 and 0.40, respectively."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "According to the classification defined by Schober et al. [ 28], the DGAR and NKLG stations can be interpreted as having a weak or moderate positive correlation between the two variables."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "On the other hand, rDCB RMS*50 and VTEC are highly correlated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As shown in Figure 4a,b, the R values for this correlation are 0.87 and 0.94, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In mid-latitude regions (GRAS and WILL), the R values between VTEC and rDCB are 0.78 and 0.73, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This indicates that there is a strong correlation between the two variables in mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, the relationship between VTEC and rDCB RMS*50 at mid-latitudes was investigated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The R values for this correlation were 0.60 and 0.68, respectively."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We can see that there is a clear difference between these variables in the low-latitude and mid-latitude regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The correlation between ionospheric TEC and rDCB stability in low-latitude regions is higher than that in mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conversely, the correlation between ionospheric TEC and rDCB is relatively higher in mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To investigate the latitudinal dependency of the correlation in more detail, we considered two additional GNSS stations (MAW1 and THU2) in high-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As shown in Figure 4e,f, the two stations show different correlations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "At MAW1 station in the southern hemisphere, the correlation between VTEC and rDCB was slightly smaller than that between VTEC and rDCB RMS."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In contrast, the THU2 site in the highest latitude of the northern hemisphere, the correlation (R~0.64) between VTEC and rDCB was a little larger than that (R~0.50) between VTEC and rDCB RMS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As a result, correlations between VTEC and rDCB RMS are closely associated with a latitudinal dependency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "R between VTEC and rDCB is the smallest at low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mid-latitude regions exhibit the maximum value of R. Ionospheric TEC variability in mid-latitude is generally less irregular compared to that in low and high latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The estimation of rDCB at mid-latitude is also expected to be stable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It can mainly be associated with the effect of ionospheric irregularities like rapid plasma fluctuation, which is known as ionospheric scintillation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Ionospheric irregularities occur more often in low- and high-latitudes than in mid-latitudes [29]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "They can affect the amplitude and phase of GNSS signals rapidly and seem to degrade the accuracy of rDCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, the correlation between VTEC and rDCB itself at mid-latitude may be relatively higher than that at low and high latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "On the other hand, R between VTEC and rDCB RMS*50 becomes smaller on average in high-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "The peak value of R is found in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0026__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The latitude-dependent tendency for these correlations is clearly seen in the bottom panels of Figure 4a-f."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To further analyze the latitudinal dependency of the correlation between VTEC and rDCB RMS in more detail, data from the 7 additional GNSS stations were examined."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The receiver and antenna types at the 7 additional GNSS stations from 2014 to 2016 are listed in Table 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Figure 5 shows the locations of the 13 GNSS stations and the R values between VTEC and rDCB RMS for three years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The numbers in parentheses in Figure 5 represent the R values."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0027__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We can also see the apparent latitudinal dependency from the R values of the 13 GNSS stations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The three GNSS stations (NKLG, DGAR, and DARW) at low latitudes have large R values above 0.86."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In particular, as the latitude increases from the equator, the R value decreases slightly."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There are 6 GNSS stations (WILL, GRAS, JPLM, ULAB, SUWN, and CORD) in mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Their R values range from 0.6 to 0.8."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The averaged value of R is approximately 0.69, which is smaller than that on average in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The four GNSS stations (THU2, SCOR, MAW1, and CAS1) at high latitudes have weak correlations compared to those at low and mid-latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0028__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The R value ranges from 0.49 to 0.61."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Interestingly, the R values in high-latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere were greater than those in high-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "R between VTEC and rDCB RMS can be associated with the magnitude of TEC following the latitudinal dependency."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As shown in Figure 3e-f, the magnitude of TEC is higher at the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere during three years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0029__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, the asymmetry of the ionosphere in different hemispheres can affect R between VTEC and rDCB RMS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The ionosphere over equatorial and low-latitude regions can be strongly influenced by phenomena such as daytime spread-F, equatorial ionization anomalies, and intense irregularities in TEC distributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These effects in the equatorial and low-latitude regions can affect GPS signals passing through the ionosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In particular, the dynamically changing ionosphere in the equatorial regions may have a large effect on the stability of the receiver DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Therefore, a strong ionospheric activity might induce a high correlation between TEC and receiver DCB stability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In high-latitude regions, however, the intense ionospheric TEC irregularities are presumed to be caused by auroral activities and high-speed plasma convection [30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The magnitude of TEC at high latitudes is about three times smaller than that at low latitudes [31]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The correlation between TEC and rDCB in low-latitude regions is smaller than that in high-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "On the other hand, the amplitude of TEC decreases with higher latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0030__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This may also be associated with rapid TEC changes, or to the magnitude of TEC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There was a high correlation between TEC and rDCB stability at low latitudes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For a better analysis of these characteristics, we considered two GNSS stations (BOGT and KOUR) located in South America, as shown in Figure 6."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The geographic latitudes of BOGT and KOUR stations at the equatorial region are about 4.64 and 5.25 degrees, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For three years from 2014 to 2016, the BOGT and KOUR sites had operated GNSS receivers (JAVAD TRE_3 DELTA and SEPT POLARX4) of different type models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The rDCB may be different depending on the receiver type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Even the same receiver models have different rDCB values [18,30]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Therefore, it may be important to investigate the correlation in the GNSS stations with different receiver models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Figure 6b shows the time series of the VTEC and rDCB RMS*50 at BOGT (top panel) and KOUR (lower panel), respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The blue solid line denotes the changes in VTEC for three years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Purple circles represent the changes in the rDCB RMS*50."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0031__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "The linear correlation between those variables is displayed in the upper right corner of each panel."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The VTEC values have been decreasing gradually since 2014, as seen in the upper panel of Figure 6b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The maximum value of the TEC peaked in 2014, and reached its minimum value at the end of 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We can also observe a clear annual and semi-annual variation of the VTEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The VTEC was higher at the equinoxes than at the solstices during the period from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0032__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The magnitude of TEC was highest at the March equinox during this period, and lowest at the June solstice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is fully consistent with the results reported by Akala et al. [ 32]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They attribute to increasing in ion production rate in the equinox and low ionization resulting from reduced production rate in the solstice during this period."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in the upper panel of Figure 6b, the changes in rDCB RMS were very similar to the changes in VTEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We calculated that the value of R between VTEC and rDCB RMS was about 0.90."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "From the results in the bottom panel of Figure 5b, the KOUR station with R of 0.91 shows very similar features to the BOGT station."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Changes in VTEC could be similar because the two stations have similar latitudes and are located close to each other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is noted that although the two stations use different GNSS receiver models, the changes in rDCB RMS are similar."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0034__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This suggests that the ionospheric TEC at low latitudes and equatorial regions is strongly related to the stability of the rDCB."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, we have analyzed the changes in rDCB and rDCB RMS as the model of the GNSS receiver is changed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Figure 7 shows the time series of rDCB and rDCB RMS at the ALIC GNSS station (GLAT: 23.7 • S, GLON: 133.8 • E) from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The red solid lines represent the polynomial-fitted curve of the data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 5, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in the upper panel of Figure 7, the rDCB values have been stable since 2014 with only small changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, they show a large discrepancy in early 2016."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is due to the replacement of the GNSS receiver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In Figure 7, the blue vertical dotted line indicates when the receiver was replaced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The large change in the rDCB is exactly in line with receiver replacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The GNSS receiver in the ALIC station was changed from the 'LEICA GRX1200GGPRO' to the 'LEICA GR25 model in February 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0036__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The rDCB value of the ALIC station changed from about 12 to 21 ns with the receiver replacement."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The lower panel of Figure 7 shows the rDCB RMS time series for three years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rDCB RMS reaches its maximum value in early 2014, and then tends to decrease gradually."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, rDCB RMS has periodic and time-varying features."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is noteworthy that the rDCB RMS of the ALGO station did not change significantly despite the replacement of the receiver in early 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Changes in the rDCB RMS, even after receiver replacement, have continuity."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This indicates that the stability of the rDCB can also be independent of the GNSS receiver model."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To investigate the correlation between VTEC changes and rDCB stability before and after replacing the receiver, we plotted the time series of VTEC and rDCB RMS*50 for the same period of time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In Figure 8, the blue solid line and the brown solid line represent the VTEC and rDCB RMS changes, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They represent a polynomial fitting of the data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The time series of the two variables show similar features, such as periodicity and damping."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "R between the two variables is about 0.92, which means that there is a very strong correlation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Therefore, we found that the ionospheric TEC and rDCB stability have a very strong correlation even after the replacement of the receiver."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "According to Kao et al. [ 33], there are various factors affecting GNSS rDCB estimation accuracy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They demonstrated that the estimation accuracy of rDCB is lower in the low-latitude regions because TEC changes in low-latitude regions are more complicated than those in mid-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this study, we showed that the values of R between TEC and rDCB RMS were also larger in low-latitude regions than those in mid-latitude or high-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Besides, this may be explained that rDCB stability is poor due to the complex structure of ionospheric TEC in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It can affect the accuracy of ionospheric TEC estimation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Eventually, the estimation of real-rDCB can increase the accuracy of TEC estimation, which will contribute to improving the position accuracy of the GNSS users."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In this study, we have investigated the relationship between VTEC and rDCB, and VTEC and rDCB stability, during the three years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pearson's linear correlation values were considered in order to quantify the relationships between the variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition, because the magnitude of the GNSS TEC has a latitudinal dependency, we used data from 13 GNSS stations located in low-, middle-, and high-latitude regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The time series of VTEC, rDCB, and rDCB RMS at each GNSS station from 2014 to 2016 were analyzed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We could see clear periodic features in time series at different latitudes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The most prominent features were the annual and semiannual variations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The semiannual variations were more significant in low-latitude and mid-latitude regions than in high-latitude regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In addition, these characteristics of rDCB and rDCB RMS have a similarity with those of VTEC, at all stations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By calculating R between the variables, it can be shown that the correlation between TEC and rDCB is the smallest in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The mid-latitude regions exhibit the maximum value of R. This can be related to ionospheric TEC irregularities with different latitude regions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In contrast, R values between TEC and rDCB RMS were greater in low-latitude regions, which can be associated with the magnitude of TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0043__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A strong positive correlation (≥ 0.90) between TEC and rDCB RMS was also observed at the two additional GNSS stations in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0043__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This suggests that the correlation between the two different variables has a clear latitudinal dependence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 8], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The rDCB values showed large differences before and after replacing GNSS receivers, which is consistent with earlier studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The rDCB RMS has periodic and time-varying features, and is not changed by the replacement of the receiver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Changes in the rDCB RMS have continuity even after receiver replacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "R between TEC and rDCB RMS after replacing the receiver was 0.92, indicating a very strong correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Therefore, it can be noted that rDCB RMS is not related to the GNSS receiver model."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As a result, we found that ionospheric TEC and rDCB stability still have a very strong correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Estimation of stable rDCB can contribute to improving the accuracy of the GNSS ionospheric TEC."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__original__p0044__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Therefore, applying the correlation between ionospheric TEC changes and rDCB stability in different latitude regions to the ionospheric TEC will allow for more accurate monitoring of GNSS ionospheric TEC."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4833__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Choi et al. [ 1] analyzed the correlation between the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver differential code bias (DCB) and concluded that the long-term variations of the receiver DCB are caused by the corresponding variations in the ionosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Unfortunately, their method is problematic, resulting in conclusions that are not useful."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0045__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The long-term variations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) DCBs are primarily attributed to the GPS satellite replacement with different satellite block series under the zero-mean constraint condition, rather than the ionospheric variability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [9, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) retrieval, the differential code bias (DCB) caused by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellite transmitter and receiver hardware is one of the main error sources, and it has been widely studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Choi et al. [ 1] have recently proposed a new aspect of the correlation between the ionospheric TEC and the GNSS receiver differential code bias (rDCB)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They stated that “the characteristics of rDCB and rDCB root mean square (RMS) have a similarity with those of vertical TEC (VTEC), at all stations”, and they calculated Pearson’s coefficient (R) between the TEC and rDCB and showed that “the correlation between TEC and rDCB is the smallest in low-latitude regions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The mid-latitude regions exhibit the maximum value of R”."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Supposedly, the GNSS DCB should be related with the transmitter hardware and its environment, as expected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Studies also showed that the variations of the Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite DCB and receiver DCB are not caused by the ionospheric variability [2,3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, Choi et al. [ 1] might have advertently or inadvertently overlooked the work of Zhong et al. [ 2,3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As discussed subsequently, it does not make sense to utilize the comparison between the ionospheric TEC and the GNSS receiver DCB to demonstrate their cause–effect relationship."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0046__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Thus, the correlation analysis between TEC and rDCB as described by Choi et al. [ 1] is not meaningful."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 12, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [12, 12, 12], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Zhong et al. [ 2,3] have assessed the variations of the GPS satellite DCB and receiver DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Note that in the DCB estimation, only the combined satellite–receiver DCB (the sum of the GPS DCB and receiver DCB) can actually be determined, so that an additional constraint condition is required to further separate the GPS DCB and receiver DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Generally, the zero-mean condition imposed on all satellite DCBs (i.e., the daily mean of all GPS DCBs is set as zero) is introduced for the DCB separation [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Figure 1 shows the comparisons of the GPS DCB of Pseudo Random Number (PRN) 13 from the International GNSS Service (IGS) [5] and solar activity proxy F10.7 during 1998–2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It seems that the GPS DCB also showed a solar-cycle-like variation [6], if only the period of 2002–2014 is considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, this is not the case for the whole period of 1998–2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Figure 2 presents the lifetime of each GPS satellite from 1998 to 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "It is clear that the new satellite block series are replacing the old ones gradually."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "From the GPS DCB values on 1 January 2015 as displayed at the upper left corner of Figure 2, it is evident that the GPS DCBs from different satellite block series show a significant difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Under the zero-mean condition imposed on all GPS DCBs, when a new GPS satellite replaces a decommissioned one with a different block series, the GPS DCB values change relatively to satisfy the zero-mean condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Specifically, when a new GPS satellite with higher (lower) DCB values comes into service, all the GPS DCB values descend (increase)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Thus, the long-term variations of the GPS DCBs are not caused by the ionospheric variability, while they are attributed to the GPS satellite replacement with different satellite block series under the zero-mean condition [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0047__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Correspondingly, the estimated receiver DCB will also change, as the daily combined satellite–receiver DCB is constant."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Note that only after the effect of GPS satellite replacement is removed, the DCB could be used for comparison or periodic spectral analysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To remove the effect of GPS satellite replacement, we can reconstruct the DCB value under a new constraint condition imposed only on continuously operating GPS satellites during a specific period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The new constraint condition for the GPS DCBs is expressed as follows: where DCBs,rec denotes the reconstructed GPS DCB, n is the number of the selected GPS satellites, and C is a constant value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "During the period of 2005–2019, nine continuously operating GPS satellites (PRN 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 22, 23, and 28) are selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For each day, the offset value is calculated based on the mean value of the GPS DCBs of the selected satellites: Then, the reconstructed GPS DCB (DCBs,rec) can be obtained from the original GPS DCB and the offset value as follows: The receiver DCB (DCBr,rec) can be also obtained in the similar way, but with an opposite sign on the offset value: The reconstructed GPS DCB of PRN28 is shown in Figure 3a as an example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "On the long-term scale, the reconstructed GPS DCB only showed a slight variation of less than 1 TECU."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0048__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In addition, the reconstructed GPS DCB presented short-term periodic variations, which is less than one year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 14, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [14, 14, 14], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Lomb–Scargle periodograms of the original and reconstructed GPS DCBs are shown in Figure 3b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is clear that the original GPS DCB presented multiple periodic components, while some periodic components in the reconstructed GPS DCB became much weaker."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This indicates that DCB reconstruction could filter out the artificial periodic variations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In addition, it is interesting that there is a prominent periodic component of about 175 days in Figure 3b, which is a little shorter than half of a sidereal year (182.625 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Zhong et al. [ 3] demonstrated that the periodic variation of CHAMP satellite receiver DCB is mainly attributed to its hardware thermal status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Here, we calculated the daily mean solar angle on the zenith side of the GPS satellite to represent its hardware thermal status, as shown in Figure 3c."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The periodogram of the daily mean solar angle in Figure 3d displayed a clear periodic component of about 175 days, which is generally in agreement with that of the GPS DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "This period is matched with the period of a GPS draconitic year, which is equal to about 351.5 days."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "The GPS draconitic year is the time taken for the Sun to complete one revolution (return to the same point in space) with respect to the GPS orbital nodes, as seen from the Earth [7,8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "In one GPS draconitic year, there are exactly two eclipsing periods, which means that after 175.75 days, the elevation of the Sun above the orbital plane is the same, and the direction of the relative change in the height of the Sun is also the same."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "As a result of the Sun illumination and attitude of GPS satellites [9], every 175.75 days the Sun illuminates the same parts (electron circuits) of the GPS satellite in the same manner, which may change the hardware thermal status with the same period and further affect the DCB values."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The periodic component of about 175 days can be seen in DCB around half of the total GPS satellites (not shown), but it is still not clear whether the effect of hardware thermal status on DCB is consistent for different GPS satellite block series."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Many other GNSS-derived parameters are characterized by the draconitic repeatabilities or their harmonics, such as GNSS-based Earth Rotation Parameters [10]."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0049__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Overall, both the solar-cycle-like and semiannual-like variations of the GPS DCB are artificial and not caused by the ionospheric variability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 8, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 8, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 4 shows the original and reconstructed receiver DCBs for station GRAS as an example, as used in Choi et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Again, the original receiver DCB presented a declined trend from 2014 to 2016, when F10.7 was mainly decreasing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, the reconstructed receiver DCB only changed slightly during 2012–2017."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The periodograms showed that the receiver DCB also presents a significant periodic component of about 176 days, which should be associated with the GPS draconitic year, as discussed above."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, there is a significant annual periodic component (365 days)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The short-term variations of the receiver DCB are attributed to various factors, such as the hardware temperature [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "From the comparison between surface temperature and the reconstructed receiver DCBs from many IGS stations (not shown), it illustrated that when the surface temperature reached its maximum (minimum), some of the reconstructed receiver DCBs also presented the maximum (minimum) values."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Thus, the annual periodic component could probably be associated with the variations of the surface temperature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0050__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "However, the manufacturer and model, antenna mounting position, cable construction, and thermal control could be complicated and different for each receiver, so it is difficult to draw a unified conclusion in respect of short-term variations of the receiver DCB."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 6, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As discussed above, both the long-term and short-term variations of the GPS DCBs and receiver DCBs are accessed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Though during specific periods, they were similar to the ionospheric variations by coincidence, they are not caused by the ionospheric variability physically."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the ionospheric TEC/DCB estimation, it is generally assumed that the ionosphere satisfies the spherically symmetric hypothesis or spherical harmonic expansion distribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "When the actual ionospheric distributions deviate from the assumption, the TEC measurement used in the DCB determination is subject to a large number of small random errors, and the probability distribution for the total statistical error is driven toward the Gaussian distribution, indicated by higher RMS (lower stability) for DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In TEC/DCB estimation, the larger the ionospheric TEC is, the greater the deviation from the spherically symmetric assumption would be, thus causing higher RMS (lower stability) for DCB, as presented by Choi et al. [ 1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0051__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, as mentioned above, in the physical sense the ionospheric TEC cannot alter the rDCB, which is essentially subject to the receiver hardware."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, Choi et al. [ 1] concluded arbitrarily that the long-term variations of the receiver DCB are caused by the ionospheric variability on the basis of the problematic method."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They were not aware of the effect of the GPS satellite replacement on the DCB determination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__critique__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Overall, the study of Choi et al. [ 1] could introduce confusion and be misleading for the GNSS and the ionospheric communities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4833__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Choi et al. ( 2019) suggested that ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and receiver differential code bias (rDCB) stability have a strong correlation during a period of two years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This article is a response to Zhong et al. ( 2020), who pointed out that the long-term variations of the GPS DCBs are mainly attributed to the satellite replacement rather than the ionospheric variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this issue, we investigated the center for orbit determination in Europe (CODE) Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) products from 2000 to 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this study, changes in TEC and receiver DCB (rDCB) root mean squares (RMS) at Bogota (BOGT) station still have a clear correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In addition, there was a moderate correlation between satellite DCB RMS and rDCB RMS."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "As a result, we suggest that rDCB can be affected simultaneously by GPS sDCB as well as ionospheric activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Differential Code Biases (DCB) is the largest error source in estimating the total electron content (TEC) of the ionosphere."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Many studies have reported that DCB is affected by a variety of factors [1-6]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0053__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "There can be significant jumps [7] and other features in DCB related to the replacement of the receiver and antenna."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4833__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Choi et al. [ 8] showed that ionospheric TEC and receiver DCB (rDCB) root mean squares (RMS) have a strong correlation during a period of two years from 2014 to 2016."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In addition, they focused on the relation between rDCB stability and ionospheric activity rather than rDCB itself."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, Zhong et al. [ 9] pointed out that the long-term variations of the GPS DCBs are mainly attributed to the satellite replacement rather than the ionospheric variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Interestingly, they also focused on the GPS DCB changes and did not mention the relationship between rDCB stability and ionospheric activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As suggested by Zhong et al. [ 9], rDCB and satellite DCB may have a significant correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In this issue, Choi et al. [ 8] suggested that changes in the rDCB RMS still have continuity after the replacement of a receiver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Replacing hardware such as GNSS receivers or satellites can seriously affect the DCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "However, large changes in DCB with hardware replacement may be usually instantaneous."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "For more reliable analysis of the results presented by Choi et al. [ 8], we investigated the center for orbit determination in Europe (CODE) Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) data from 2000 to 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Figure 1 shows the time series of vertical TEC units (VTECU), rDCB, and rDCB RMS (Stability) at BOGT station, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0054__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "A band-pass filter was applied to isolate specific changes for GIM-TEC and rDCB RMS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4833__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 16, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [16, 16, 16], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As shown in Figure 1a, the variations of VTEC are closely related to solar activities."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They also show an exact annual and semi-annual cycle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To analyze the relationship between VTEC and rDCB RMS during this period, we calculated band-pass filtered (0~0.05 Hz) rDCB RMS plotted in Figure 1a as a red solid line."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In CODE’s GIM products, the rDCB RMS values of the BOGT station exist only from 2003 to 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Filtered rDCB RMS showed annual and semi-annual patterns similar to GIM-TEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "However, there were no regular changes in rDCB RMS from 2006 to 2011, and solar activity was relatively weak during this period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Nevertheless, changes in VTEC and rDCB RMS appear to have a clear correlation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Figure 1b shows the time series of GPS rDCB at BOGT station (4.64°N, 74.08°W) from about 2003 to 2020."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "A significant jump in rDCB was detected due to receiver replacement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Changes in rDCB do not show any regular patterns similar to VTEC."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Zhong et al. [ 9] suggested that the variations of rDCB are not caused by the ionospheric variability, which may be consistent with our results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "The blue dashed rectangles “A” and “B” in Figure 1b represent the changes of rDCB in low- and high-ionospheric activity, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "The standard deviations (STD) of rDCB in the two sections “A” and “B” were about 0.48 and 0.80, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Variations in rDCB can see to be unstable during high ionospheric activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "On the other hand, they are stable when ionospheric activity is relatively low."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "Therefore, rDCB changes can be associated with ionospheric activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0055__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "In addition, as shown in Figure 1c, rDCB RMS values were small and stable during low-ionospheric activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4833__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 16, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [16, 16, 16], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Figure 2 presents the time series of GPS satellite P1-P2 DCB (sDCB), band-pass filtered (0~1.5Hz) sDCB, and rDCB RMS from 2000 to 2020, respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Changes in DCB for all GPS satellites are shown in Figure 2a."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Figure 2a, it is not easy to distinguish specific correlations with ionospheric activity in GNSS sDCB changes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "To analyze the relationship between sDCB and rDCB, we considered the most stable satellites with no PRN changes [7,10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "As plotted in Figure 2a, GPS PRN 28 was selected."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Zhong et al. [ 9] also reported that the ionospheric activity does not cause the long-term variations of the GPS sDCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, sDCBs have relatively large RMS values for solar maximum from about 2000 to 2003, as shown in Figure 2b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In addition, the filtered sDCB RMS values for GPS PRN 28 show very similar periodic patterns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "These cycles can be coincident with a period of a draconitic year of GPS satellites suggested by Zhong et al. [ 9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Furthermore, there was a significant jump in changes in GPS PRN 28 sDCB RMS in 2015."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "In early 2015, CODE changed a solar radiation pressure (SRP) model from the old empirical CODE orbit model (ECOM) to the new ECOM2 for GNSS orbit determination [11]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "A change in the CODE SRP model can cause DCB variations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "For the relationship between sDCB RMS and rDCB RMS, we plotted the band-filtered rDCB RMS as the blue dots in Figure 2b."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "There is some correlation between the two variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "The correlation coefficient (R) between the two variables was about 0.58."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0056__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "It indicates that there is a moderate correlation between sDCB RMS and rDCB RMS."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4833__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4833", "paragraph_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Choi et al. [ 8] suggested that the correlation between TEC and rDCB RMS shows the apparent latitudinal dependency with ionosphere variability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It can be related to TEC distributions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Zhang et al. [ 12] reported that the accuracy of rDCB estimation is dependent on the receiver’s location."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The rDCB estimation accuracy can be lower in low-latitude regions because TEC distributions at low latitudes are much more complicated than those at mid and high latitudes [13,14]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Strugarek et al. [ 15] reported that the GNSS signal is more affected during the periods of the high ionospheric activity, which causes problems with precise orbit determination of low Earth orbit satellites."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "What we emphasize is that it can be difficult to specifically explain the latitudinal dependency of rDCB with changes in GPS sDCB only."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In general, the global ionospheric TEC is modeled by the spherical harmonic function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "To separate the satellite DCBs and rDCBs in ionospheric GPS-TEC estimation, we consider a constraint that the sum of all GPS satellite DCBs becomes zero."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Under this condition, variables such as TEC, satellite DCBs, and rDCBs have to be calculated simultaneously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Each of the estimated variables can be influenced by each other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "As suggested by Zhong et al. [ 9], there was a clear correlation between sDCB and rDCB."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "However, we suggest that variables are not estimated as an independent variable but are correlated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4833__response__p0057__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Therefore, rDCB can be affected simultaneously by GPS sDCB as well as ionospheric activity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4833/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2989408598_W3147382927_W3094748196", "triad_name": "triad_4833", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4833__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent co-morbid conditions in chronic heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the absence of any iron treatment, it is estimated that up to 50% of patients with heart failure have low levels of available iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1 The prevalence of iron deficiency is higher in the more advanced stages of heart failure (NYHA class III and IV), in females, and in patients with high levels of inflammatory markers (such as C-reactive protein) as well as increased levels of NT-proBNP, 2,3 but, even in patients at lower risk such as those with NYHA class I or II, the prevalence remains >30%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "1,2 These estimates include both absolute iron deficiency (in which iron stores are low) and functional iron deficiency (in which iron supply is inadequate to meet the demand for erythropoiesis and other cellular functions despite normal or abundant body iron stores)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The two states have different aetiologies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Various pathological changes in chronic heart failure predispose patients to absolute iron deficiency, which is usually defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL. 4 -6 Poor nutrition is frequent, and patients with concomitant renal disease may be advised to follow a low-protein (and thus low-iron) diet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "7 Low intake of iron can be compounded by physiological and functional changes to the intestinal wall which may impair iron uptake from the gut, including the presence of mucosal oedema, and reduced gastrointestinal blood flow 8 (Table 1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Patients with heart failure are also at risk of iron loss secondary to gastritis or ulceration caused by concomitant phar- macotherapy, and from proteinuria arising from chronic renal disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "9,10 Lastly, administration of antiplatelet drugs or anticoag- ulation agents increases susceptibility to bleeding, with consequent blood loss."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "11 Functional iron deficiency, in contrast, arises from the generalized inflammatory state which characterizes heart © 2015 The Authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. 249 failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) enhance production and release of hepcidin, an acute phase protein synthesized in the liver."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "Hepcidin regulates the release of stored iron from enterocytes and hepatocytes by causing degradation of the iron transporter protein, ferroportin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "As a result, high levels of hepcidin can 'trap' iron in storage cells."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0016", "sentence_n": 16, "text": "6,12,13 In a recent study published by Jankowska et al., the early stages of systolic heart failure were characterized by high levels of circulating hepcidin."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0017", "sentence_n": 17, "text": "14 However, hepcidin levels declined as the severity of heart failure progressed, and as iron deficiency developed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0018", "sentence_n": 18, "text": "Moreover, low hepcidin was independently associated with unfavourable outcome."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0019", "sentence_n": 19, "text": "14 The authors hypothesized that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying iron deficiency in heart failure are markedly different from those in chronic inflammatory diseases, a possibility that requires further evidence to be con- firmed."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0001__s0020", "sentence_n": 20, "text": "Functional iron deficiency is usually defined in heart failure as ferritin <300 ng/mL with transferrin saturation (TSAT) <20%."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While iron deficiency is usually identified in the clinic based on levels of ferritin and TSAT, due to their ease of use and wide availability, it should be noted that either inflammation or oxidative stress may artificially increase ferritin concentrations, regardless of actual iron status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast to other clinical settings, the ferritin threshold defining deficient iron storage is increased to 100 ng/mL in heart failure patients to take account of the chronic inflammatory state."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The recent FAIR-HF 15 and CONFIRM-HF 16 trials achieved beneficial results when ferritin and TSAT were used to define inclusion criteria and thresholds for maintenance treatment, and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for heart failure 2012 included cut-off values for iron deficiency based on the FAIR-HF study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "17 Nevertheless, diagnosis based on ferritin and TSAT may be inadequate in advanced disease 18 or acute heart failure, 4,19 when ferritin becomes an unreliable marker."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Iron deficiency can therefore be underdiagnosed in these types of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Measurement of soluble transferrin receptor, hepcidin, or reticulocyte haemoglobin (Hb) content may offer a more sensitive assessment of iron status and response to therapy, 4 and these techniques may become more widely adopted in the future."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Iron deficiency is closely associated with low Hb levels in patients with heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "3,20 A large population-based study in Canada has suggested that anaemia of chronic disease predominates, followed by iron deficiency anaemia, 21 but the two types both primarily arise from insufficient iron available for haematopoiesis in the erythrocytes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Conventionally, attention has focused on the effect of inadequate iron supply on erythropoiesis, and the resulting risk of anaemia."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Awareness is growing, however, of the many haematopoietic func- tions of iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Iron is an essential cofactor for haem and non-haem proteins involved in cellular activities such as oxygen storage (as a component of myoglobin), generation of cellular energy (as part of oxidative enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory chain proteins) in skeletal muscle and myocardiocytes, and the synthesis and degra- dation of lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "22 In patients with heart failure, it has been shown that the myocardium has a reduced iron content, 23 and it is possible that myocardial iron depletion plays a role in deteriorating systolic function."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Several observational studies have assessed the asso- ciation between iron deficiency and outcomes in patients with heart failure (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "1 -3,21,24-27 Regardless of whether or not patients had anaemia, or the severity of heart failure, the presence of iron deficiency showed a significant association with mortality after adjustment for confounding factors in most studies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "1,2,24,25 Only in one analysis, a community-based study in the USA, was no correlation found, but in this analysis disease severity (measured with NYHA functional class and NT-proBNP levels) was not assessed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "3 Overall, the increase in mortality risk appears to be in the order of 40-50%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "1,2"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Animal and human studies have suggested a strong causal rela- tionship between all levels of iron deficiency-even in the absence of anaemia-and the extent of physical activity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "29 Data from iron-deficient anaemic rats have shown a substantial improvement in walking ability within 15-18 h of iron administration despite unaltered Hb levels."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "30,31 In heart failure, there is evidence that iron deficiency, and not anaemia, is an independent predictor of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In a prospec- tive study, peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) and the ventilatory response to exercise (VE-VCO 2 slope) were measured in 155 patients with stable heart failure (NYHA class I-IV) and mean LVEF of 26%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "26 Iron deficiency was defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL, or 100-300 ng/mL with TSAT <20%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The results consistently indi- cated a significantly reduced exercise tolerance in patients with iron deficiency vs. patients with adequate iron, a difference that was maintained after adjustment for demographic and clinical variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "26 These data confirmed findings from a previous prospec- tive study in 27 heart failure patients in whom iron deficiency was defined as TSAT <20%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0006__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "32"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The negative influence of iron deficiency on exercise tolerance can be linked to the non-haematopoietic effects of iron, especially if one considers its role in mitochon- drial function in cells with high energy demand, such as cardiomy- ocytes and skeletal myocytes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "4,23 Mitochondria are the key sites of cellular iron processing, where synthesis of iron-sulfur (Fe/S) clusters and haem takes place, but are also the location for gen- eration of reactive oxygen species (ROS)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The activity of mito- chondrial Fe/S cluster proteins is reduced in failing hearts, an effect attributed to the lack of an Fe/S cluster centre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "33,34 On the other hand, clinical data and evidence from animal models with specific genetic defects have suggested that myocardial iron overload 35 or accumulation of iron in the mitochondria can induce or exacerbate cardiomyopathy, 34 presumably as a consequence of ROS-dependent mechanisms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0007__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The question of whether iron accu- mulates in the mitochondria of failing hearts due to a shared aeti- ology, such as hypertension or myocardial infarction, has not been examined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a post-hoc analysis of a cohort of >500 chronic heart failure patients, iron deficiency was associated with lower quality of life than in those patients with normal iron levels, regardless of anaemia status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In multivariate analysis, the effect on quality of life © 2015 The Authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The pathophysiological impact of iron deficiency in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is not yet fully elucidated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "An observational study of 751 patients with heart failure which included a subpopulation of patients with HFpEF (defined as LVEF >50%) found that functional iron deficiency (TSAT <20%) occurred with a similar frequency in patients with or without HFpEF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "36 One well-designed study of 26 patients with HFpEF observed no significant association between iron deficiency (defined as ferritin <100 ng/mL or 100-299 ng/mL with TSAT <20%) and exercise capacity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "27 However, multivariate analysis of data from an epidemiological multicentre study of 1278 patients with heart failure showed an association between iron deficiency and health-related quality of life which was independent of whether LVEF was preserved or reduced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0008__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "28 Further studies with larger populations are needed to determine whether iron therapy can improve symptoms and cardiac function in HFpEF patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Oral iron therapy is relatively inexpensive and widely used, but the absorption of iron is low."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It also means that iron uptake can be inadequate to meet enhanced demand during treatment with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA), limiting the haematopoietic response."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "37 Oral iron is most frequently given in the form of ferrous (Fe[II]) salts, such as ferrous sulfate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) can provoke oxidative damage at the mucosal boundary, resulting in local toxicity which leads to gastrointestinal side effects in up to 60% of patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "38 These include complications such as constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, diarrhoea, and heartburn, which are particularly frequent with ferrous sulfate preparations and often lead to poor compliance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0009__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Many constituents of food and some medications interact with ferrous salts, such that iron uptake is best when taken on an empty stomach, but gastrointestinal side effects are often improved by concomitant food, so there can be a difficult balance between maximizing uptake and minimizing gastrointestinal side effects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Oxidative stress, with the potential for adverse consequences, has been observed in animal studies during treatment with fer- rous salts, especially at high doses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Evidence suggests that this may include disruption of cell membranes, lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breakage, and immunological disturbances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "39 Moreover, fer- rous salts have been found to increase the severity of experimental colitis and affect the intestinal microbiomass due to redox reac- tions which lead to the production of ROS and mediate intesti- nal damage in rodents, 40 with evidence of increased prevalence of intestinal adenomas."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "41"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Long-term iron overload via dietary iron in rats induces necrosis in multiple organs, an effect attributed to cellular iron accumulation and consequent oxidative stress."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "42 The effects of oxidative stress can be avoided by use of the oral prepara- tion iron[III]-polymaltose complex, which includes a polymaltose shell for stability so that iron is released in a controlled manner and non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) does not increase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "43 The structure of the iron[III]-polymaltose complex also minimizes the interactions with food or concomitant medications that can affect uptake of iron from ferrous salts."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "43"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Clinically, data from patients © 2015 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "with inflammatory bowel disease have demonstrated a significant increase in lipid peroxidation following ferrous sulfate treatment for 14 days compared with iron[III]-polymaltose complex."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "44 As a consequence of the adverse events associated with oral iron therapy, it is considered unsuitable for patients who have defec- tive gastrointestinal absorption, those who cannot tolerate the required oral dose, or individuals who show poor compliance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "39 Oral iron is also unlikely to be adequate if a rapid effect is required, or if the rate of chronic iron loss exceeds the replenishment rate that is possible with oral administration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "39"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Intravenous (i.v.) iron preparations bypass the absorption difficul- ties associated with oral iron, even in the presence of elevated hepcidin levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "43,45,46 A series of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron complexes has been devel- oped which enclose an iron-containing core within a carbohydrate shell, stabilizing the structure and controlling the release of iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "43 The first complex, iron sucrose, was followed by low and high molecular weight iron dextran products and ferric gluconate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "More recently, ferric carboxymaltose, iron isomaltoside 1000, and feru- moxytol have become available."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These are more thermodynami- cally stable, with a low reduction potential, and permit administra- tion of a much higher dose of iron in a single administration without formation of large amounts of NTBI."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "47 Among i.v. preparations, the less stable formulations, such as iron gluconate, are more prone to reduction, with greater risk of oxida- tive stress, so that the maximum single dose is smaller."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Experimen- tal evidence has shown significant differences between the effects of different i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron preparations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Increased levels of markers for oxidative stress and inflammation have been observed in animals treated with sodium ferric gluconate, iron dextran, ferumoxytol, or iron isomaltoside 1000 compared with ferric carboxymaltose or iron sucrose, changes that were accompanied by hypotension and impaired liver and kidney function."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "47 -50 However, it should be emphasized that most non-clinical in vivo studies have been con- ducted with iron doses that are significantly higher than those used in clinical practice."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Animal data showing that ferric carboxymaltose may have a favourable safety profile in terms of oxidative stress compared with iron dextran and ferric gluconate await confirma- tion."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clinical data are limited, and are largely restricted to patients receiving haemodialysis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Two recent studies which used standard doses of iron sucrose reported a transient (1-2 h) increase in NTBI and oxidative stress, accompanied by a short-lived increase in lipid peroxidation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "51,52 These results remain unconfirmed, and interpretation is complicated by the complex effects of chronic haemodialysis on oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is challenging to compare accurately the risk of hypersensitivity reactions between different i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron preparations since events are very rare and reporting can be poor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "I.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "iron complexes that contain dextran ligands can cause dextran-induced anaphylactic reactions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "These are rare, particularly when using low molecular weight dextran preparations, 53,54 but are serious events and have led to recommendations that i.v. iron dextran should be avoided."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0017__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "55"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Iron is essential for mounting an effective immune response, 56 but it is also biologically plausible that excess iron can impair normal neutrophil and T-cell functioning, with an associated risk of increased microbial growth."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "57 The clinical evidence is largely based on observational studies on haemodialysis patients, which have yielded conflicting results, but taking a cautious approach the current Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease advises avoiding i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron therapy in patients with active systemic infections."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "58 Conversely, withholding iron therapy with consequent iron deficiency may increase the risk of infections."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "57 Randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate all impor- tant safety endpoints, including infection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Ongoing monitoring of newer i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "agents such as ferric carboxymaltose, ferumoxytol, and iron isomaltoside 1000 is essential to establish an extensive evi- dence base similar to that which already exists for earlier prepa- rations such as iron sucrose."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0018__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Additional clinical trials are being undertaken to help provide such data, in response to requests from regulatory authorities."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The recent ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012 recognize iron deficiency as a common co-morbidity in heart failure, independent of anaemia, which can contribute to muscle dysfunction and cause anaemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "17 The guidelines recommend that assessment of all patients with suspected heart failure should include an evaluation of iron status to detect iron deficiency using ferritin and TSAT levels, but this is not yet regarded as standard practice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "59 A suggested algorithm for the diagnosis of iron deficiency in patients with heart failure is shown in Figure 1, based on typical thresholds for ferritin and TSAT in this setting."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "15,17,60 Iron therapy should be considered in all patients with heart failure who have iron deficiency regardless of whether anaemia is present or not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "If ESA therapy is indicated for the treatment of anaemia-predominantly in patients with renal dysfunction-concomitant iron therapy may be necessary to meet the enhanced demand for iron during ESA-stimulated erythropoiesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "5 The majority of heart failure patients receive oral iron therapy, with only ∼1 in 10 iron-treated patients being given i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "61 Certain characteristics of patients with heart failure which can limit intestinal absorption of oral iron preparations can be partic- ularly pronounced and therefore i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0019__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "iron is the preferred option."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 6, 9], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "in 22 patients with heart failure and observed significantly greater thickness compared with controls, accompanied by significant changes in permeability."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "63 In a subsequent study, the same team showed that intestinal blood flow is reduced by 30-43% in heart failure patients vs. controls, 64 an effect which would impair oral iron uptake from the gut."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other changes can include overactiva- tion of the sympathetic nervous system, the effect of concomitant medications such as H 2 blockers, and complications of co-morbid conditions such as diabetes-related gastroparesis (Table 2)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thirdly, where hepcidin levels are raised, expression of the iron transport protein ferroportin in enterocytes is suppressed such that release of absorbed iron into the bloodstream is restricted."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "65 While more evidence is required, it appears that increased levels of circulat- ing hepcidin characterize early stages of heart failure, although iron deficiency becomes more prevalent in more severe stages of the disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "14 This apparent paradox remains unexplained, but hepcidin levels appear to be elevated in most patients with heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "14 Additionally, even after iron is absorbed, elevated levels of hepcidin inhibit ferroportin-mediated transport of stored iron out of enterocytes and macrophages, causing iron sequestration 46 and reducing the amount of iron available for haematopoiesis and other cellular functions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The high intracellular iron levels achieved by i.v."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0020__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "administration, however, can overcome this 'hepcidin block' by stimulating overexpression of ferroportin to release iron for transport in the plasma bound to transferrin 14,66 (Figure 2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The median required dose of iron to achieve iron repletion in iron-deficient patients with heart failure is 1000 mg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "67 In patients with iron deficiency anaemia, the rate of iron bioavailability from a therapeutic dose of oral 100 mg ferrous sulfate, the most commonly used oral iron preparation, and iron[III]-polymaltose complex, is ∼10%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "68,69 Given that a typical dose of ferrous sulfate is 100-200 mg iron/day, in the 'best case' scenario, a patient who tolerates treatment of 200 mg/day might absorb only 20 mg of iron and thus require 50 days to correct the iron deficit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In a 'worst case' scenario, given that patients with chronic heart failure may have as little as half the usual rate of active carrier-mediated intestinal absorption capacity, 62 a patient who can tolerate up to 100 mg iron/day might absorb only 5% (5 mg)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It would thus require 200 days to replenish iron stores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0021__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In practice, correction of iron deficiency for heart failure patients will often take longer due to non-adherence or interruption due to gastrointestinal side effects, or missed doses due to the high pill burden."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Therefore, replen- ishment of iron stores with oral iron can be expected to require >6 months."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In contrast, one or two doses of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron therapy can achieve rapid repletion (Table 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "I.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "administration, however, places additional demands on the treatment centre (Table 3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Despite the fact that oral iron is still often the iron therapy of choice for many cardiologists, the evidence base related to oral iron therapy in heart failure is limited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "No randomized trials have compared oral iron vs. no iron therapy in the absence of ESA therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In randomized trials of ESA therapy with oral iron vs. oral iron alone, mean iron parameters and Hb level, symptom severity, and exercise tolerance remained unaltered in the oral iron treatment groups 72 -75 (Table 4)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the largest of these, 319 patients with symptomatic heat failure and Hb in the range © 2015 The Authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "9-12.5 g/dL were randomized to darbepoetin or placebo, both with daily oral iron therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "73 At the end of the 27-week study period, mean values for Hb were almost unchanged compared with baseline in the patients receiving only oral iron (11.6 g/dL vs. 11.3 g/dL at baseline), with little change in ferritin and TSAT levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Mean NYHA class was 2.54 compared with 2.67 at baseline, while maximum exercise duration decreased from 409 s to 363 s during the study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "73 The placebo-controlled IRONOUT study (NCT02188784) is currently underway to assess whether treatment with oral iron polysaccharide therapy can improve functional capacity in iron-deficient patients with heart failure."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Three single-arm trials have assessed the effect of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron without ESA therapy on Hb level and iron indices in patients with heart failure, using iron sucrose or iron dextran preparations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "76 -78 The entry criteria for the three trials varied in terms of severity of heart failure, the presence or absence of anaemia and iron deficiency, and duration of follow-up (12-26 weeks), but in each case there was a significant increase in mean values for Hb, ferritin, and TSAT from baseline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Upon treatment with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "iron, various cardiac endpoints also improved significantly, including NYHA functional class, 76,78 LVEF, 77 and exercise tolerance."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "76,78 These results are consistent ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "with findings from single-blinded or double-blinded randomized trials of monotherapy with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0025__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "iron in heart failure patients with iron deficiency, in which ferric carboxymaltose 15 or iron sucrose 32,79 were administered (Table 5)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two randomized studies which used iron sucrose therapy demon- strated improved exercise capacity, cardiac function, symptom severity, and quality of life 32,79 compared with placebo."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Okonko et al. showed that the benefits of i.v. iron were seen in patients with or without anaemia at baseline, but were greater in anaemic individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "32"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a second trial, 40 patients with anaemia, iron defi- ciency, and LVEF <35% were randomized to placebo or i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron sucrose therapy for 5 weeks in a 6-month, double-blind study 79 then followed to 5 years."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "80"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At 6 months, the number of hospital- izations was significantly lower in the patients who had received i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron therapy compared with the placebo-treated group {0 events vs. 5 events (P < 0.01); relative risk 2.33 for hospitalization with placebo vs. i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-3.42]}. 79"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Hospitalization remained significantly less frequent with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron vs. placebo at 1 year (10% vs. 50%) and 5 years (20% vs. 85%) (both P < 0.01) and, notably, mortality was significantly lower at 5 years (20% vs. 55%, P < 0.05)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0030__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "80"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These findings require confirmation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "FAIR-HF was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week multicentre study of 459 patients with heart failure (NYHA class II-III) and iron deficiency, with or without anaemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "15 Patients were enrolled if their Hb level was between 9.5 and © 2015 The Authors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0032__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "non-dialysis-dependent patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "90 Levels of Hb, ferritin, and TSAT were all significantly increased by i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0033__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron vs. oral iron, and there was a significant reduction in requirement in ESA dose in dialysis-dependent patients treated with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0033__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0033__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The scale of the mean between-group differences was clinically relevant: 0.90 g/dL for Hb, 243 ng/mL for ferritin, and 10.2% for TSAT."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This is consis- tent with recent randomized trials using i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "ferumoxytol in patients with chronic kidney disease with or without a requirement for haemodialysis 91,92 and using i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "ferric carboxymaltose in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, 93,94 each of which showed that the haematopoietic response was significantly greater with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "iron vs. oral iron therapy."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In post-partum iron deficiency anaemia, numerous random- ized trials have compared the efficacy and safety of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "vs. oral iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "95 These have consistently shown a more rapid improvement in iron stores and Hb levels with i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "preparations, accompanied by improved fatigue and quality of life vs. oral iron therapy, with improved compliance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Using non-dextran i.v. iron preparations, safety was good, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events than oral iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "95"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similarly, in chemotherapy-induced anaemia, a recent meta-analysis of 11 randomized trials of i.v. vs. oral iron ther- apy concluded that i.v. iron was associated with an improved haematopoietic response with no safety concerns, and that the requirement for blood transfusion was lower than with oral iron."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "96"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, several randomized trials testing the effect of i.v. vs. oral iron therapy in patients with iron deficiency anaemia associated with inflammatory bowel disease have shown a faster and more pro- longed haematopoietic response with i.v."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "therapy, leading to recom- mendations from the 'Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases' that i.v. should be the preferred route for administration."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "97 One recent large randomized trial of 338 patients with inflammatory bowel ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "iron isomaltoside 1000 in terms of the pri- mary efficacy endpoint of change in Hb from baseline to week 8 (P = 0.09), but patients with known intolerance to oral iron were excluded and i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "iron dosing may have been inadequate; therefore; further trial data are awaited."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0037__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "98"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Across a range of clinical settings, randomized trials have shown that oral iron therapy does not replenish iron stores, including non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, 91 -93 inflammatory bowel disease, 98,99 heavy uterine bleeding, 100 and post-partum anaemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "101 -103"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 11], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Iron deficiency is widespread in patients with heart failure."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Cur- rently, however, it is not universally monitored or managed despite convincing evidence that iron deficiency is a risk factor for poor outcome independent of anaemia status."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Iron is poorly absorbed from oral preparations, compounded by chronic inflammation and other contributing factors in patients with heart failure, which delays or prohibits iron replenishment."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Evidence for a clinical ben- efit using oral iron preparations in heart failure is lacking."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Clin- ical studies have instead focused on the use of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "iron, which bypasses the problem of gastrointestinal absorption and poor com- pliance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Early studies using iron sucrose consistently showed that correction of iron deficiency improved exercise capacity, cardiac function, symptom severity, and quality of life."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "32,76,77,79 These stud- ies were recently confirmed in the large 6-month FAIR-HF study, where functional capacity, symptoms, and quality of life rapidly increased in patients with heart failure of NYHA class II-III and impaired LVEF 15 in comparison with placebo treatment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "Longer term data were provided by the CONFIRM-HF trial, in which symptomatic, iron-deficient patients with heart failure showed a sustained improvement in functional capacity, symptoms, and qual- ity of life, and reduced risk of hospitalization due to worsening heart failure over 1 year of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "iron therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "16 The ESC Guide- lines point out that ferric carboxymaltose may be considered for treatment of these patients, although the effect in patients with pre- served LVEF remains unknown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0039__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "17 It should also be borne in mind that assessment of the hard endpoint of mortality is not feasible within the population sizes possible in controlled studies, and that a full assessment of safety would require more extended follow-up."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The structures of new i.v. preparations permit far larger doses of iron to be administered safely in a single visit."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Routine diagnosis and management of iron deficiency in patients with symptomatic heart failure, regardless of anaemia status, and prompt interven- tion using i.v."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__original__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron therapy should now be considered, pending the outcome of larger ongoing randomized controlled trials and longer term safety data."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_4018__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anaemia is increasingly recognised as having an independent impact upon patient outcomes in cardiac disease."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The role of novel iron therapies to treat anaemia is increasing."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of iron therapies for the treatment of adults with anaemia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Electronic databases and search engines were searched as per Cochrane methodology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of iron versus inactive control or placebo, as well as alternative formulations, doses and routes in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease or in the peri-partum period were eligible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The primary outcome of interest was mortality at one year."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0041__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Secondary outcomes were blood transfusion, haemoglobin levels, quality of life, serious adverse events and length of hospital stay."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4018__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "64 RCTs (including five studies of heart failure patients) including 9004 participants were included."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "None of the studies were at a low risk of bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "There were no statistically significant differences in mortality between iron and inactive control."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Both oral and parenteral iron significantly reduced the proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion compared to inactive control (risk ratio (RR) 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48 to 0.90) and RR 0.84 (95% CI 0.73 – 0.97) respectively)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Haemoglobin was increased more by both oral and parenteral iron compared to inactive control (mean difference (MD) 0.91 g/dL (95% CI 0.48 to 1.35) and MD 1.04 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.57) respectively), and parenteral iron demonstrated a greater increase when compared to oral iron (MD 0.53 g/dL (95% CI 0.31 to 0.75))."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In all comparisons there were no differences in the results comparing patients with and without heart failure."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Both oral and parenteral iron are shown to decrease the proportion of people who require blood transfusion and increase haemoglobin levels, without any benefit in mortality."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Further trials at a low risk of bias, powered to measure clinically significant endpoints are still required."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__critique__p0042__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "This paper updates the findings of a Cochrane review first published December 2014 in The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) Issue 12 (http://www.thecochranelibrary.com)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_4018__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This article refers to ‘Effects of intravenous iron therapy in iron-deficient patients with systolic heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials’, by E.A. Jankowska et al., published in this issue on pages 786–795, and ‘Systematic review and meta-analysis of iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease: updated and abridged Cochrane review’, by B. Clevenger et al., published in this issue on pages 774–785."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Over the last 25 years, treatments for chronic heart failure (HF) with reduced systolic function (HF-REF) have emerged that significantly reduce both mortality and morbidity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, other phenotypes of the HF syndrome, particularly HF with preserved systolic function (HF-PEF), still lack effective therapies."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0044__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In addition there remains a substantial unmet need for further reductions in modifiable mortality and the avoidance of frequent and costly hospitalizations in HF-REF."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0044__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As HF is mainly a disease of the elderly, much attention is now being paid to management of the frequent co-morbidities which are so prevalent in HF patients."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) have emerged as important co-morbidities as both are prevalent in chronic HF and their occurrence is associated with an increase in both morbidity and mortality [1], [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There is a growing body of evidence that treating ID in HF-REF patients, irrespective of whether they are anaemic or not, improves outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0046__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The majority of studies have used i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0046__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron preparations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0046__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The use of oral iron preparations has been limited for a number of reasons: their high side effect profile, the time taken to correct ID, poor intestinal absorption which can be due to mucosal oedema, and emerging evidence that HF patients have high circulating concentrations of hepcidin which inhibits the release of stored iron for use in haematopoiesis [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Initially small, non-randomized open label studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported an improvement in surrogate endpoints such as symptoms, quality of life, LVEF, BNP concentration, effort capacity, and peak VO2 [4], [5], [6]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These were followed by two larger RCTs of i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "iron compared with usual care."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The FAIR-HF trial recruited 459 patients in NYHA class II/III, with an LVEF ≤40% (NYHA II) or ≤45% (NYHA III), haemoglobin concentrations in the range of 9.5–13.5 g/dL, with evidence of ID demonstrated by a serum ferritin <100 ng/mL, or <300 ng/mL if transferrin saturation (TSAT) was <20%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Intravenous iron was associated with significant improvements in NYHA class, effort capacity, and quality of life [7]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It was followed by the CONFIRM-HF trial which demonstrated in 304 patients (with similar inclusion criteria), over a longer follow-up period of 1 year, sustained improvements in effort capacity and quality of life [8]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0048__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Neither trial was powered to demonstrate a reduction in harder, more traditional HF outcome measures, such as mortality or HF hospitalizations."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "With the emerging evidence base, meta-analyses are being performed to try to determine whether the use of i.v iron may be associated with reductions in mortality as well as morbidity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Two such aggregate data meta-analyses (random effects model) have now been published in this journal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The first by Jankowska et al. focused on i.v iron therapy in patients with systolic HF and ID [9]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "They identified five trials which fulfilled the inclusion criteria (509 patients received i.v iron therapy in comparison with 342 controls)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Intravenous iron therapy reduced the risk of a combined endpoint of all-cause death or cardiovascular hospitalization [odds ratio (OR) 0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.64, P < 0.0001] and a combined endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for worsening HF (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.24–0.63, P = 0.0001)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0049__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "It resulted in a reduction in NYHA class, an increase in 6-min walking test distance, and an improvement in quality of life [Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score: +5.5 points, 95% CI 2.8–8.3, P < 0.0001; European Quality of Life–5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) score: +4.1 points, 95% CI 0.8–7.3, P = 0.01; Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) score: 19 points, 95% CI −23 to −16, P < 0.0001; Patient Global Assessment (PGA): +0.70 points, 95% CI 0.31–1.09, P = 0.004]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second, by Clevenger et al., differs in a number of aspects [10]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It looked at a wider group of patients with anaemia, and the iron therapy could be either i.v. oral."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They included RCTs of iron vs. inactive control or placebo, in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease or in the peripartum period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As such, patients were included with inflammatory bowel disease, gynaecological problems, those undergoing chemotherapy, as well as HF patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The primary outcome was mortality at 1 year."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "They report results on 9004 patients in 64 RCTs (including five studies of HF patients)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "None of the studies included was at a low risk of bias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0051__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "No statistically significant differences were seen in mortality between iron and inactive control."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Both oral and parenteral iron significantly reduced the proportion of patients requiring blood transfusion compared with inactive control [risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.90, and RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73–0.97, respectively]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Haemoglobin was increased more by both oral and parenteral iron compared with inactive control [mean difference (MD) 0.91 g/dL, 95% CI 0.48–1.35, and MD 1.04, 95% CI 0.52–1.57, respectively], and parenteral iron demonstrated a greater increase when compared with oral iron (MD 0.53 g/dL, 95% CI 0.31–0.75)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0052__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In all comparisons, there were no differences between patients with and without HF."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "These two meta-analyses add to the growing body of evidence which shows that treating anaemia and ID is beneficial for patients."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first, in HF-REF patients with ID, suggests that harder composite endpoints are reduced by i.v."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "iron therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Mortality alone was not reduced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the second study, where mortality was the focus, it was also not reduced by iron therapy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is perhaps unsurprising due to the heterogeneous inclusion criteria and the differing 1-year mortality rates of the myriad conditions included which ranged from menorrhagia to cancer."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "4018", "paragraph_id": "triad_4018__response__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "So where does this growing body of evidence take us in terms of the management of ID in patients with HF-REF? In the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines of 2012 we are advised to investigate the cause of anaemia in HF patients and that the treatment of ID in HF-REF patients may be considered."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The accumulating evidence is pointing to a stronger recommendation in the future."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_4018__response__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, we still await large, adequately powered, studies to determine the effects of iron on mortality and hospitalizations in HF-REF and to determine the nature of the iron supplementation that should be given as well as its long-term safety."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_4018/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W1773154314_W2343791281_W2485416892", "triad_name": "triad_4018", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_4018__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 6, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Appelt and Kronfeld had studied the genera- tion of referring expressions, focussing on a range of difficult issues arising from the fact that referring expressions are an integral part of a larger communica- tive act."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The resulting algorithms generated expressions which took discourse context into account (e.g. Appelt and Kronfeld, 1987; Kronfeld, 1989) and of- ten contained more information than was necessary to identify the referent, for example in order to make it easier for the hearer to carry out the process of identification, or in order to meet additional communicative goals (Appelt, 1985)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although their work offered important insights, its success as a model of human reference was essentially unproven, and this started increasingly to be seen when computational linguists became more data oriented."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this reason, Dale and Reiter decided to re-focus, concentrating on what they saw as the core of the problem, which is to identify a referent, focussing on simple situations, where nothing matters except the properties of the referent and of the other objects in the domain (the distractors)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Other aspects of the utterance context were temporarily disregarded, not because they were deemed unimportant, but because these researchers thought it wise to focus on simple things first."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0001__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Even though this re-focussing on a narrower view of reference was not universal - some continued to investigate the effects of linguistic context (e.g. Passonneau, 1995; Jordan, 2002; Stone et al., 2003) and the interaction with other commu- nicative goals (e.g. Jordan, 2002; Stone et al., 2003) - it has exerted a strong influence on the direction of computational gre."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us spell out Dale and Reiter's assumptions in more detail."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The language- generating program takes as its input a knowledge base (kb) whose content is mutually known by speaker and hearer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The kb ascribes properties to ob- jects, formulated as a combination of an attribute and a value."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "If the domain objects are pets, for example, then one attribute might be type, with values such as dog and poodle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The first aim of gre is to find properties that iden- tify the intended referent uniquely, using a semantic form like ( type: poodle , colour: brown )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Computing such a semantic form is called Content Deter- mination."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0002__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The second aim is to express the semantic form in words, for example the poodle which is brown."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dale and Reiter examined a number of algorithms, all of which were based on interpretations of the Gricean Maxims, which revolve around brevity, relevance and truth (Grice, 1975)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Roughly speaking, these algorithms sought to minimise the redundancy in a description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the most extreme case (e.g. Dale, 1989), the Gricean maxims had been interpreted as dictating the choice of the smallest set of properties of a referent that will uniquely identify it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Dale and Reiter contrasted this with a more relaxed interpretation of the maxims, which gave rise to what has come to be known as the Incremental Algorithm (ia)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "They argued that, in the situations envisaged, the ia produces referring expressions that resemble human-generated referring expressions better than its competi- tors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Following Belz and Gatt 2008, we shall call this the criterion of human- likeness."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Dale and Reiter also argued that the ia is computationally tractable, and that this constitutes another argument in favour of it."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0003__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The two arguments can be seen as related if one assumes that neither people nor machines can solve computationally intractable problems in real time."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dale and Reiter's empirical position was based on a reading of the psycholinguistic literature (particularly as summarised in Levelt, 1989)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet - consistent with existing practice in natural language generation at the time - their paper did not include an empirical test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Later work (Passon- neau, 1995; Jordan and Walker, 2000) has tested some of their ideas, as we shall see, but this work has tended to concentrate on different (in fact, more complex) referential situations than the ones on which Dale and Reiter focussed."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We aim to put Dale and Reiter's original ideas to the test."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Like many other studies, our investigation will focus on Content Determination (unlike (Stone et al., 2003; Krahmer and Theune, 2002)), disregarding words and syntactic constructions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0004__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Like Dale and Reiter, we shall focus on the task of identifying the referent, dis- regarding the well-documented fact that referring expressions can serve other communicative purposes (e.g. Jordan, 2002; Stone et al., 2003), and we shall focus on \"one-shot\" referring expressions, as produced in a null context where words outside the referring expression do not play a role."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In one respect we have been less conservative."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For although Dale and Reiter focussed exclusively on singular descriptions, many references to sets can be generated by variations of the classic gre algorithms (e.g. van Deemter, 2002; Gardent, 2002; Horacek, 2004; Gatt and van Deemter, 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is some- thing we considered worth testing as part of our general plan."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In order not to contaminate the discussion of Dale and Reiter's claims, we only discuss plural references of the kind that can be generated by a relatively simple extension of the ia; moreover, we report results on singulars and plurals separately."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0005__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For generality, we have studied referring expressions in two different domain types, one of which involves references to furniture (the furniture sub-corpus) and the other to photographs of faces of people (the people sub-corpus)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The plan for the experiment which is the main focus of this paper was first outlined in van Deemter et al. ( 2006)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The first tentative results were reported in Gatt et al. ( 2007) concerning the furniture sub-corpus, and in van der Sluis et al. ( 2007) concerning the people sub-corpus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The tuna corpus and evaluation method have influenced the field considerably, in particular after they were chosen as the basis on which gre algorithms were evaluated in the First NLG Shared Task and Evaluation Challenge (stec) on Attribute Selection for Referring Expressions Generation (asgre), in the Spring and Summer of 2007 5 . 22 Different algorithms were submitted to this stec for comparative evaluation, coming from 13 different research teams (Belz and Gatt, 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0007__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "tuna also featured in a subset of the tasks organised for the second stec in this area 6 , where the number of submitted systems was even greater (Gatt et al., 2008a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0007__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As of October 2008, the annotated corpus is available from the Evaluations and Language resources Distribution Agency (elda) 7 ."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The present paper offers a definitive statement of the aims and set-up of the tuna experiment, the structure of the annotated corpus, and our analyses of the corpus (based on a larger number of subjects, in a greater number of conditions, and validated against a second corpus), superseding our earlier papers on the topic."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Consistent with our aim of testing Dale and Reiter's original hypotheses, this empirical analysis is combined with a discussion of the computational com- plexity of the Incremental Algorithm and its main competitors, and concludes with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of incrementality."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In order to test Dale and Reiter's claims, we focus our investigation on the algorithms that were most prominently discussed in their paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We introduce the algorithms briefly before discussing them in more detail."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Full Brevity (fb)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Conceptually this is the simplest approach, discussed in a number of early contributions (e.g. Appelt, 1985), and formalised by Dale (1989)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "fb minimises the number of properties in the description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Technically, fb is not one algorithm but a class, since minimality can be achieved by many different algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0010__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "fb is computationally intractable, because in the worst case, the time it takes to find a minimal description grows exponentially with the number of properties that the program can choose between (Reiter, 1990)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Greedy Algorithm (gr)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0011__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This faster algorithm was introduced as an ap- proximation to fb by Dale (1989)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0011__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Rather than searching exhaustively, it selects properties one by one, always choosing the property that is true of the intended referent and excludes the greatest number of distractors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0011__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "gr does not always produce a minimal description, because a property that removes the maximum number of distractors at the time of its inclusion might not remove the maximum number of objects in combination with properties that will later be added."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 2, 4], "label_source": "random_observed_label_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "• Incremental Algorithm (ia)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Like gr, this algorithm selects properties one by one, and stops when their combination identifies the referent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Incre- mentality, in this broad sense which it shares with gr, was earlier hinted at in Appelt (1985) (where it is also pointed out that \"Choosing a prov- ably minimal description requires an inordinate amount of effort\")."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In the ia, the order in which properties are added to the description is not dictated by their discriminatory power, as was the case for gr, but by a fixed po which tells us, broadly speaking, in which order these properties need to be considered."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It is important to realise that this po is logically distinct from the left-to-right order in which attributes occur within a noun phrase."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The idea, supported by psycholinguistic work (Pechmann, 1989, e.g.), is, rather, that some attributes are more prominent in speak- ers' minds than others, which makes them more likely to be included in descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "( The fact that, in human language production, some at- tributes are selected before others, but realised after them, presents an interesting research problem for psycholinguists (e.g. REF Sedivy et al.) but it goes beyond the scope of the present paper.) Like gr, ia does not allow backtracking: once selected, a property is never withdrawn."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0012__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "As others before us have observed (e.g. Jordan and Walker (2005); Fabbrizio et al. ( 2008b)), the outcome of the algorithm depends on the choice of po."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 5, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A specially constructed example will clarify how these algo- rithms can lead to different outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Imagine a small domain of objects {a, b, c, d, e, f, g}. Now consider the following five attributes, each of which has two values, denoted as val 1 and val 2 ."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We choose values which are each other's complement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Since complementary values do not overlap, this means that the choice between different values (of a given attribute) is always obvious once the referent is given."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0013__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, here and elsewhere in this article, we will focus on the question of attribute selection, on which most research in this area has concentrated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A different focus would have been possible, for example because one value (e.g., mammal) may be more general than another value (e.g., dog) of the same attribute."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( In section 4.2.2 we shall encounter this phenomenon.) The ia assumes that the different values of an attribute are always roughly equally preferred, with the choice between them depending on matters such as their discriminatory value (i.e., not on a fixed po)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This assumption can be questioned - If an elephant is pink its colour is more worth mentioning than if it is grey - and this can motivate a different ia, whose po defines an ordering on properties (i.e., combinations of an attribute and a value) rather than on attributes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The choice of the best value of an attribute has, to the best of our knowledge, never been empirically investigated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "See Dale and Reiter (1995) (the FindBestValue function) for an algorithm and van Deemter (2002) for a logical analysis focussing on problems that arise when the values of an attribute overlap."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "See also section 8."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Suppose the target referent is the dog e. fb will combine att2: val1 (black, which is true of the objects {a, b, c, e} only) with att4: val1 (outdoor, which is true of {d, e, f, g}), because these two properties jointly single out e while all other descriptions that manage the same feat happen to contain three or more properties."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The output thus consists of the properties black and outdoor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Notice that realising this content into a description would not be straightforward, since neither property maps naturally to a head noun (it is usually the type of an en- tity which has this role)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This description might be realised as, for example, the black animal that lives outdoors, inserting the category or type of the referent (i.e., animal) artificially."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While gr often produces the same description as fb, this is not the case in the present example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "gr will start by selecting the property att1: val1 (poo- dle, corresponding to the set {c, e, f }), because it is the property that excludes most distractors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Even though only two distractors are left, namely c and f , no single property manages to remove both of these at the same time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "As the next step, gr will select either att2: val1 (black, removing f ) or att3: val1 (bastard, removing c), but in each case a third property is required to remove the last remaining distractor."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0018__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "gr does not generate the smallest possible de- scription, but something like the black poodle that lives outdoors instead."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What description is generated by ia? If the attributes are attempted in the order in which they were listed, so att 1 is attempted first, followed by att 2 , then a version of gr is mimicked precisely. But if att 2 is attempted first, followed by att 4 , then the result is the same as that of fb."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In other cases, much lengthier descriptions can result, for example when att 5 is attempted first (narrowing down the set of possible referents to {a, b, c, d, e, f }), and then att 2 (narrowing down the set of possible referents to {a, b, c, e}), followed by att 1 (resulting in {c, e}) and finally att 4 (resulting in the set {e} which contains only the target referent)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The resulting description might be realised as the black poodle with a tail, which sleeps outdoors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This artificial example shows how dramatically the outcome of the ia can depend on po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These differences make it difficult to test the hypothesis that ia's descriptions resemble human-generated descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Which of all the possible ias, after all, is the hypothesis about? It is possible that in most actually occurring situations, different pos lead to very similar descriptions, or ones that are similar in terms of their human-likeness."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We will show that this is not the case, and that there are important differences between the different versions of ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "This outcome will raise the question how \"good\" pos might be selected."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The type attribute."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Types are usually realised as nouns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "poodle, for ex- ample, is a type."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because a referring expression normally requires a noun (we tend to say the brown dog even when brown would identify the referent), Dale and Reiter gave types special treatment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "If type is not selected by the algo- rithm (e.g., because all objects are of the same type), ia adds the property to the description at the end of the search process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppose, for example, the referent is a dog."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Now if the ia starts by selecting the property brown, and if this property happens to identify the referent uniquely, then the property type: dog is added, generating the brown dog."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This makes sure that every description contains one property realisable as a noun."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This special treatment of nouns - foreshadowed in Appelt (1985) - can be seen as independent of the search strategy."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In fact, we believe that the same considerations that make this a good move in combination with ia make it a good move in combination with other algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In our comparison between algorithms, therefore, we have levelled the playing field by making sure that fb and gr apply the same idea."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each of the algorithms considered in this paper will therefore add a suitable value of the type attribute at the end of the algorithm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This did not signifi- cantly change the outcome of any of the algorithms since, in the data we use for our evaluation, type was never either necessary or sufficient to identify a target referent, alone or in combination with other properties (see Section 4.2.3)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We decided to examine certain kinds of expressions that refer to sets as well."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We did this by applying a slightly generalised version of ia to these cases, simplifying a proposal in van Deemter (2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The original ia stopped adding properties to a description when they singled out the set whose only element is the referent."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The new ia does the same, stopping when these properties single out a set of referents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The same idea extends naturally to fb and gr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This tech- nique allows us, for example, to use the description ( att1: val1 , att2: val2 ) to refer to the set {c, e}. Note that this approach does not work for collective references (e.g. the parallel lines in this picture; cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0025__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Stone, 2000), which require drastic departures from the algorithms discussed by Dale and Reiter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another case which this algorithm will not handle is that requiring plural descriptions involving the union of two different sets, such as the dogs and the cats (van Deemter, 2002; Horacek, 2004; Gatt and van Deemter, 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0026__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These cases too will be omitted from the present study."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Empirical work relevant to gre falls into two main classes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On the one hand, psycholinguistic studies on reference span at least four decades, since the foun- dational work of Krauss and Weinheimer (1964)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "On the other hand, partly as a result of increasing interest in comparative evaluation in Natural Language Generation, a number of studies have compared the ia and some other algo- rithms against corpus data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0027__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We give an overview of the main findings from both types of research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we have seen, the starting point for contemporary gre research was the notion of Brevity."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Brevity was implicit in an early paper by Olson (1970), who argued that reference has a primarily contrastive function, so that the content of an identifying description would be expected to be determined by the distractors from which the referent is distinguished."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A substantial body of evidence now shows that brevity is not the only factor motivating speaker's choices of proper- ties in reference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The phenomenon of overspecification, whereby speakers select properties which have little or no contrastive value, was observed in early de- velopmental studies (Ford and Olson, 1975; Whitehurst, 1976; Whitehurst and Sonnenschein, 1978); later studies on adult speakers confirmed the tendency."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pechmann (1984) showed that adult speakers begin to articulate a reference be- fore their scanning of a visual domain is complete, and that perceptually salient attributes, such as colour, were apt to be selected before other properties, such as size, which required more cognitive effort because their value can be determined only by comparison to other objects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Later work showed that type and colour were always used in referring expressions in visual domains, even when they had no contrastive value (Schriefers and Pechmann, 1988; Pechmann, 1989), a result not replicated for size."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "According to these authors, type has privileged status not only because of syntactic constraints, but because speakers process a referent as a conceptual gestalt, central to which is the referent's object class; similarly, they argued that colour forms part of the speaker's mental representation of an object."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 3, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similar results have been reported by Man- gold and Pobel (1988) and Eikmeyer and Ahlsèn (1996)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A slightly different interpretation is given by Belke and Meyer (2002), who interpret the finding in terms of an attribute's codability, that is, the ease with which that attribute can be included in a mental representation of an object."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Thus, relative attributes such as size are argued to have low codability."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evidence for overspecification has also been found in connection with locative (Arts, 2004) and relational de- scriptions (Engelhardt et al., 2006)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The demonstration that speakers overspecify has obvious relevance to a study comparing the ia to its predecessors, since one of the consequences of a po is the potential for referential overspecification, with an increased likeli- hood that attributes which are given high priority (say, colour), will be used even though they are not required for a distinguishing description."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 7, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [7, 7, 7], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "One of the first studies to systematically compare the ia to other algorithms fo- cussed on the coconut corpus, a collection of task-oriented dialogues in which interlocutors had to resolve a joint task (buying furniture on a fixed budget) (Jordan, 2000a)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "9 Jordan's study compared the ia to two models."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Jordan's Intentional Influences (ii) model (Jordan, 2000a, 2002) views content determi- nation as heavily influenced by communicative intentions over and above the identification intention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the intention to signal agreement with a pro- posal (in this case, to buy some item of furniture), may motivate the speaker to repeat a description produced by their interlocutor, for example."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors also included a computational implementation of the Conceptual Pacts model proposed by Brennan and Clark (1996), in which a speakers' choice of content for a referring expression is in part based on a tacit 'agreement' with the inter- locutor to refer to objects in a specific way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ia was outperformed by both models."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0035__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, the comparison leaves open the question as to whether the ia is an adequate model of referent identification, since the models to which it was compared explicitly go beyond this."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Still within a dialogue context, Gupta and Stent (2005) carried out an evalu- ation on the coconut and the maptask (Anderson et al., 1991) corpora."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They compared the ia and a version of the Greedy algorithm by Siddharthan and Copestake (2004) against a baseline procedure that included the type of an ob- ject, and randomly added further properties until a referent was distinguished."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, each algorithm was augmented with dialogue-oriented heuristics, and coupled with procedures for the realisation of modifiers."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0036__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Thus, the eval- uation used an evaluation metric which combined (a) the degree of agreement between an algorithm's attribute selections and a human's, and (b) the extent to which the automatic realisation of attributes was syntactically a good match to the human realisation."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While these studies offer important insights, they do not directly address the questions outlined in the Introduction to our paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the MapTask cor- pus, for example, most referents are named entities with no true distractors, which can explain why the baseline algorithm outperformed both ia and the Greedy algorithm on this data in Gupta and Stent's study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the coconut corpus, these two algorithms outperformed the baseline, but the original ia was outperformed by variants that incorporated dialogue-oriented heuristics."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is exactly as one would predict, since identification is often not the only refer- ential goal of interlocutors, particularly in the coconut corpus, where other factors have been shown to be paramount (Jordan, 2000a; Jordan and Walker, 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The evaluation metric used by Gupta and Stent incorporated syntactic factors, going beyond the purely semantic task-definition that the IA sought to address."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0037__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This, of course, is only a limitation from the viewpoint of a study like the present one, which focusses on Content Determination."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A study by Viethen and Dale (2006) offers a more straightforward compar- ison of the ia and the Greedy Algorithm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Viethen and Dale stuck to the iden- tification criterion as the sole communicative intention."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They tested against a small corpus of 118 descriptions, obtained by asking experimental participants to refer to drawers in a filing cabinet, which differed on four dimensions, namely colour, row, column and whether or not a drawer was in a corner."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The primary evaluation metric used was recall, defined as the proportion of descrip- tions in the corpus which an algorithm reproduced perfectly."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The comparison of ia and gr revealed a recall rate of 79.6% for the latter, compared to a 95.1% for the ia (with both figures excluding relational descriptions)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0039__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, the corpus contained a limited number (29) of overspecified descriptions, of which the ia reproduced all but five."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Although these results seem favourable for the ia, they only tell us which descriptions are generated by one or more of all (4! =) 24 possible pos of the attributes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is because Viethen and Dale com- bined results from all 24 versions of the algorithm, a legitimate move, but one that obscures the extent to which a given version of the ia, with a particular po, contributes to the overall rate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 4, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041", "paragraph_index": 41, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, Di Fabbrizio and colleagues reported on a study that is closely related to the questions of the present paper (Fabbrizio et al., 2008b,a, see Bohnet (2008) for a related approach), comparing different versions of the ia. 10 One version uses a po that reflects the frequency of attributes in the tuna corpus as a whole, while the other attempts to model different speakers: when modelling a given speaker, the ia uses a po which reflects the frequency with which this speaker (i.e., this subject in the data collection experiment) used the attribute in question."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although the findings of these studies are intriguing - speaker modelling improved the performance of the algorithm - they need to be treated with some caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is because the set of speakers represented in the training set from which speaker-dependent preference orders were obtained was different from the set of speakers represented in the test set on which their algorithms were evaluated."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This makes it difficult to interpret the conclusion that 'speaker constraints can be successfully used in standard attribute selection algorithms to improve performance on this task' (Fabbrizio et al., 2008b, p.156)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0041__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "One possible reason for the improvement is that the constraints in question are sufficiently general to apply to classes of speakers rather than individual speakers, and hence can be generalised from one sample (individuals represented in the training set) to another (those represented in the test set)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042", "paragraph_index": 42, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In summary, most existing gre evaluations do not address the question formulated at the beginning of this paper, because they either placed the ia within the context of a task (such as collaborative dialogue) in which reference is likely to go beyond the primary aim for which ia was designed, or because their evaluation criteria obscure the role of attribute preferences (e.g. by averaging over multiple pos)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The work of Dale and Reiter remains central to current work in gre."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To take an example, although the three stecs organised in this area over the past few years have led to novel proposals, with an emphasis on empirical methods Bohnet (2007); Theune et al. ( 2007); de Lucena and Paraboni (2008); Spanger et al. ( 2008) and the exploitation of novel frameworks such as genetic algorithms Hervás and Gervás (2009); King (2008), many submissions took the ia or one of its two 'competitors' as a starting point."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Gricean Brevity has also been emphasised as a desirable property of algorithms in recent years (Gardent, 2002; Bohnet, 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0042__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "It therefore seems crucial to put the claims made by Dale and Reiter to the test while maintaining their original assumptions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0043", "paragraph_index": 43, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0043__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The foregoing discussion raises a number of methodological issues that the eval- uation experiment reported below seeks to address."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0044", "paragraph_index": 44, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0044__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "First, the ia is a family of algorithms, since there are as many versions of it as there are pos."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0044__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The question then arises as to whether all these possible versions should be considered, with the combinatorial explosion that this brings about."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0045", "paragraph_index": 45, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0045__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our approach will be to select only those orders which are 'plausible'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0045__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Where possible, we shall attempt to define plausibility in terms of earlier psycholinguistic work."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0046", "paragraph_index": 46, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0046__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we have seen in Section 3.1, however, much of this work has focussed on relatively simple, well-defined visual domains with attributes such as colour and size."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0047", "paragraph_index": 47, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0047__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "What of more complex domains in which the variety of attributes increases, and the determination of 'salient' or 'conceptually central' attributes is more difficult?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0048", "paragraph_index": 48, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0048__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Psycholinguistic research has had less to say about preferences in these con- texts."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0049", "paragraph_index": 49, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0049__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For this reasons, it seemed important to investigate the performance of algorithms in domains that are more complex than the ones that have typically been studied, as well as very simple ones."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050", "paragraph_index": 50, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Since Dale and Reiter's claims focussed on Content Determination, the aims that we set ourselves suggest that a comparison of gre algorithms should ab- stract away from differences in lexical choice and syntactic realisation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppose an intended referent has the properties type: sofa and colour: red , and two human authors produce the descriptions the settee which is red, and the red sofa respectively."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "An algorithm which selects both the above properties should be counted as achieving a perfect match to both descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A comparison should also rest on the knowledge that the algorithm and the authors share the same communicative intentions (namely, to identify the referent)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Of the stud- ies reviewed above, only Viethen and Dale (2006) and Fabbrizio et al. ( 2008b) satisfied this requirement."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0050__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The experiment we employed to collect data aimed to minimise potentially confounding communicative intentions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0051", "paragraph_index": 51, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0051__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In line with Dale and Reiter's starting point, the corpus-based evaluation on which we report here focusses on an assessment of the humanlikeness of the descriptions generated by a given gre algorithm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0051__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In other words, we ask how well an algorithm mimics speakers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0052", "paragraph_index": 52, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0052__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An evaluation that compares automatically produced output against human data should take into account partial matches, something that a simple recall measure doesn't do."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0052__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We therefore adopt the Dice coefficient, a well-accepted distance metric which computes the degree of similarity between two sets in a straightforward way. ( Section 8 will briefly discuss alternative metrics.) In keeping will earlier remarks, we shall be assessing the similarity between sets of attributes (such as colour), rather than sets of properties (such as green)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 7, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053", "paragraph_index": 53, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Dice metric is similar to the 'match' metric applied to gre algorithms by Jordan (2000b) (which was defined as X N , where X is 'the number of attribute inclusions and exclusions that agree with the human data' and N the maximum number of attributes that can be expressed for an entity)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Dice is computed by scaling the number of attributes that two descriptions have in common, by the overall size of the two sets: dice(D H , D A ) = 2 × |D H ∩ D A | |D H | + |D A | (1) where D H is (the set of attributes in) the description produced by a human author, and D A the description generated by an algorithm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dice yields a value between 0 (no agreement) and 1 (perfect agreement)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We will also report the per- fect recall percentage (prp), the proportion of times when an algorithm achieves a score of 1, agreeing perfectly with a human author on the semantic content of a description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Finally, a description may contain an attribute several times."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "For instance, the green desk and the red chair contains the attribute colour twice."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0053__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We treat these as distinct; hence, technically, our Dice coefficient is computed over multi-sets of attributes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054", "paragraph_index": 54, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experiment that led to the tuna corpus was carried out over the internet over a period of three months, yielding 2280 singular and plural descriptions by 60 participants."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Since this corpus was originally developed, two smaller datasets have been constructed, using the same overall methodology."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These were created in 2008 for the comparative evaluation of algorithms in some of the tasks in the second gre Shared Task Evaluation Campaign, tuna-reg'08; one of them was also reused in tuna-reg'09, the third and final gre stec involving tuna held in 2009 (see Gatt and Belz, 2010, for details)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The present study compares algorithms against human descriptions in the original tuna corpus and validates the results against one of the tuna-reg'08 test datasets."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The reason is that the original tuna data collection incorporated some design features - discussed below - which may have introduced complications in the interpretations of results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Since the reg'08 test sets omitted these features, this comparison gives an additional measure of confidence in our interpretations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0054__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We first describe the design, collection and annotation of the original tuna corpus, followed by a complete overview of the data sources and their use 4.8 below."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, null, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0055", "paragraph_index": 55, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0055__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Let us use the term domain for a gre domain in the sense outlined in the previous sections, using domain type to refer to the kinds of objects in a domain, such as furniture."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0055__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Different domain types can lead to qualitatively different referring expressions (e.g. Viethen and Dale, 2006; Koolen et al., 2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0055__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We therefore let participants refer to objects in two very different domain types, (a) Furniture trial (b) People trial yielding two sub-corpora, the furniture sub-corpus (Section 4.2.1 and the people sub-corpus (Section 4.2.2)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0056", "paragraph_index": 56, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0056__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We had to find a setting in which large numbers of reasonably natural human descriptions could be obtained, each referring to an object for the first time (i.e., without being able to rely on previous references to the same referent)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0056__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "These constraints militate against the use of dialogues, which is why we opted for the following, more straightforward approach."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0057", "paragraph_index": 57, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0057__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In the experiment, each trial consisted of one or two target referents and six distractor objects, with the targets clearly demarcated by red borders, as illustrated in Figure 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0057__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The participants were asked to identify the objects that were surrounded by the red borders."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0058", "paragraph_index": 58, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0058__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Participants were told that they would be interacting with a language-understanding program which would interpret their description and remove the referents from the domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0058__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was intended to introduce a measure of interactiveness into the proceedings."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0058__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It was emphasised that the aim of these descriptions was to identify the referent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0059", "paragraph_index": 59, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0059__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The system was programmed in such a way that one or two objects (depending on whether there were one or two target referents) were automatically removed from the domain after a participant had entered his or her description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0059__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "To emphasise that this task can be performed with different degrees of success, the system removed the correct referent(s) on 75% of the trials, but the wrong one(s) on a quarter of trials, which were randomly determined."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060", "paragraph_index": 60, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "11 Koolen et al. ( 2009) replicated the TUNA experiment with Dutch speakers, manipulating communicative setting: some participants were in a non-dialogue setting while others were in a dialogue setting involving a confederate."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In terms of attribute overspecification, no effect of communicative setting was found."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Pilots with this scheme suggested that this did not discourage participants from taking the task seriously."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nonetheless, this feature may have introduced confounding factors in our design."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For example, participants' referential be- haviour may have altered as a result of the system's 'misinterpreting' a descrip- tion, leading to less risk-taking behaviour (Carletta and Mellish, 1996)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0060__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This is one of the limitations of this methodology which motivated the use of the tuna-reg'08 test data as a second, validating test set, since this dataset was constructed without this feature."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0061", "paragraph_index": 61, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0061__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experiment was designed to produce a corpus that would serve as a lasting resource for gre evaluation; hence, it took into account a number of factors, of which only a few will concern us here."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0061__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the following subsections, we describe the materials and design of the experiment, as well as the corpus annotation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0061__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A more detailed explanation of the annotation procedure can be found in van der Sluis et al. ( 2006) and Gatt et al. ( 2008b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0062", "paragraph_index": 62, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0062__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Referential domains (corresponding to experimental trials) consisted of one or two images of target referents and six distractor objects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0062__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Objects were dis- played in a sparse 3 (row) × 5 (column) matrix."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0062__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The positioning of objects was determined randomly at runtime, for each participant and each trial."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063", "paragraph_index": 63, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our comparison of algorithms begins with the furniture sub-corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We first identify candidates for 'plausible' incremental algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "As indicated in Sec- tion 3.1, there are strong precedents in the psycholinguistic literature for hy- pothesising that, of the three attributes in this domain, colour will tend to be strongly preferred, while size is dispreferred (e.g. Pechmann, 1989; Belke and Meyer, 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The situation is less clear with orientation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Frequencies computed from our development dataset, displayed in Table 6, confirm the hypothesised trends, but also evince a tie between size and orientation."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We therefore expect that pos that put colour first will generally perform better, but there is the possibility that the relative order of size and orientation will show a less dramatic difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We can test these hypotheses by comparing all the possible ias, as follows: The top panel of Table 7 displays the mean Dice scores for each version of the ia within the two Cardinality conditions under consideration, as well as the prp obtained by the algorithms across conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0063__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "Overall means are reported for both test sets."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0064", "paragraph_index": 64, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0064__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We now turn to the people sub-corpus, where the number of attributes is greater than in our previous analysis."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0064__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Hence, the possibilities multiply, both in terms of the number of possible versions of the ia, and in terms of the choices the authors had to describe objects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065", "paragraph_index": 65, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared with the furniture sub-corpus, the larger number of attributes (nine excluding type) in the people sub-corpus makes testing all possible ias impractical."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Therefore, it is even more crucial to have an a priori estimate of the what pos might constitute 'optimal' and 'sub-optimal' ias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Here, however, the psycholinguistic literature provides less guidance than before."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most of the work cited in Section 3 focussed on references to objects with the kinds of attributes we find in the furniture domain type."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( Not a lot has been published on attributes such as hasGlasses.) Therefore, our reliance on frequencies based on the development dataset is greater than before."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Attribute usage frequencies are displayed in Table 10."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0065__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Aside from type, the table suggests a gap between a set consisting of the three attributes beard, hasGlasses and hair, and the others."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0066", "paragraph_index": 66, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0066__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To construct different versions of the ia, we took all possible permutations of these three attributes, imposing a fixed order on the other six."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0066__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, we again used a version of the ia that reversed the hypothesised 'best' orders; this is our predicted sub-optimal version."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0066__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This resulted in the following versions of the ia, in addition to ia-rand: As before, Table 11 gives descriptive statistics for all the algorithms, with the different versions of the ia in the top panel."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067", "paragraph_index": 67, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experiment consisted of 38 experimental trials, divided into 20 furniture trials and 18 people trials, each with one or two targets and six distractors in the sparse matrix."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Each trial displays a different domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For furniture, the domains were constructed by taking each possible combination of attribute- value pairs in each domain type 13 , and constructing a domain in which that combination was the minimally distinguishing description for the referent(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For example, in a domain in which the minimal description for the target referent was { colour: red , orientation: front } (red and facing front), at least one distractor would be a red chair, and at least one other distractor would be a chair facing front, but only the target referent would have both properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0067__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In the people sub-corpus, the minimal description was calculated based on a combination of three salient attributes found in the van der Sluis and Krahmer (2004) study, namely beard, hasGlasses and the attribute age."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0068", "paragraph_index": 68, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0068__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The type was never part of the minimally distinguishing description because it was assumed, based on robust psycholinguistic findings, that it would be included anyway."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0068__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The available attribute-value pairs in a domain type were represented an approximately equal number of times."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0068__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For example, of the 12 furniture domains where orientation was part of the minimal description, a target faced front or back exactly half the time, and left or right in the rest."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069", "paragraph_index": 69, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 3 presents an overview of the experimental design, which manipulated one within-subjects, and two between-groups factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "( The abbreviations used in the table will be introduced presently.) The within-subjects factor manipulated the Cardinality and Similarity of objects."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the case of plural domains with two target referents, the two referents may or may not be sufficiently similar to be describable by means of the same minimal conjunction of properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Where this is not possible, one may have to split the description in two parts (set- theoretically, the union of two sets; logically, the disjunction of two conjunctions of properties) saying, for example, the red table and the blue sofa."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0069__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Accordingly, Cardinality/Similarity had three levels:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0070", "paragraph_index": 70, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0070__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Singular (sg): 7 furniture domains, and 6 people domains, contained a single target referent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0071", "paragraph_index": 71, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0071__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Plural/Similar (ps): 6 furniture domains had two referents with identi- cal values for the attributes with which they could be distinguished from their distractors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0071__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, two pieces of furniture might both be blue in a domain where the minimally distinguishing description consisted of colour."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0071__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This was also the case in 6 people domains where, for instance, both targets might be wearing glasses in a domain where glasses: 1 sufficed for a distinguishing description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0071__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In furniture domains, the two referents in this condition had different values of type (e.g. one was a chair, and the other a sofa), while in people domains, they were identical (since all entities were men)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0072", "paragraph_index": 72, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0072__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. Plural/Dissimilar (pd): In the remaining 7 plural furniture trials, and the 6 plural people trials, the targets had different values for the mini- mally distinguishing attributes."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0072__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, plural descriptions would always involve a disjunction (i.e., a set union) if they were to be distinguishing."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0072__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since disjunction requires significant extensions to the classic algorithms discussed by Dale and Reiter (1995), we shall omit data in this condition."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0073", "paragraph_index": 73, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0073__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The first between-groups factor, ±loc, consisted in whether participants were encouraged to use locative expressions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0073__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Half of the participants were dis- couraged, though not prevented, from using locative expressions (−loc condi- tion), while the other half (+loc) were not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0073__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The former were told that the language understanding program they were interacting with had access to the same domain representation, but had different information about the position of objects, so that using locatives would be counter-productive."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0073__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Participants in +loc were told that the system had access to the complete domain of objects, including location."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0074", "paragraph_index": 74, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0074__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Locatives were not included in Dale and Reiter's discussion of gre algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0074__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that the location of a referent can play a special role in referring expressions (Arts, 2004), and that location requires special mechanisms for dealing with relations such as above (Dale and Haddock, 1991; Kelleher and Kruijff, 2006)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0074__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Given that the primary focus of this paper is an evaluation of the claims of Dale and Reiter (1995), we do not consider locative descriptions here."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075", "paragraph_index": 75, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The second between-groups factor sought to determine whether participants would perceive the communicative situation as fault-critical (±fc)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The group in the fault-critical (+fc) condition was told that the program would eventually be used in situations where accurate referent identification was crucial, and no opportunity to rectify errors would be available."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this condition, participants could not correct the system's 'mistakes' when it removed the wrong referent(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Subjects in the −fc condition were not told this."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0075__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Instead, in the 25% of trials where the program removed the wrong referents, they were asked to click on the correct pictures to rectify the 'error' made by the program."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0076", "paragraph_index": 76, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0076__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Once again, a full discussion of the effects of the fc factor would take us far beyond the scope of the present paper."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0076__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We shall therefore collapse descriptions from both ±fc conditions in our analysis based on the original tuna Corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0076__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although some preliminary analysis of the corpus data suggested that there was no difference between the two conditions in the likelihood of overspecified descriptions, some previous work (von Stutterheim et al., 1993; Maes et al., 2004) suggests that manipulation of communicative context may affect referential behaviour."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0076__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These complications further motivate our validation against the tuna-reg'08 test data, which did not manipulate a ±fc factor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077", "paragraph_index": 77, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The experiment was run over the internet."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Participants were asked for a self- rating of their fluency in English (native speaker, non-native but fluent, not fluent)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Participants who rated themselves as not fluent were not included in the corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Participants were then randomly assigned to a condition, and read the corresponding instructions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The instructions emphasised that the purpose of their descriptions is to identify referents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "They were asked to complete the experiment (i.e. all 38 furniture and people trials) in one sitting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0077__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Trials were presented in randomised order."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0078", "paragraph_index": 78, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0078__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Each trial consisted of a presentation of a do- main, as shown in Figure 1, where participants were prompted for a description of the target referent(s)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0078__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was followed by a feedback phase, in which the system removed the target referent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0078__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "60 participants completed the experiment, 15 in each group depicted in Table 3."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0079", "paragraph_index": 79, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0079__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An xml annotation scheme was developed for the corpus, which pairs each corpus description with a representation of the domain in which it was pro- duced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0079__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In the scheme, which is exemplified in Figure 2, a description is repre- sented in three different ways: (a) the original string typed by a participant (the STRING-DESCRIPTION node); (b) the same string with all substrings correspond- ing to an attribute annotated using ATTRIBUTE tags (the DESCRIPTION node); (c) a simplified representation consisting only of the set of attributes used by a participant (the ATTRIBUTE-SET node)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0080", "paragraph_index": 80, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0080__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Evaluation required that the domains that were \"seen\" by humans and al- gorithms be compatible whenever possible."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0080__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This was not possible when human- produced expressions contained attributes that were not specified in the domain (e.g., where a person was described as being serious); these were tagged using name='other'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0080__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Sections 5 and 6, these attributes were treated as different from any system-generated properties."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081", "paragraph_index": 81, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The corpus was annotated by two of the authors based on consensus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "14 The reliability of our annotation scheme was evaluated by comparing a subset of 516 descriptions in the corpus to the annotations made by two independent annotators (hereafter a and b), postgraduate students with an interest in nlg, who used the same annotation manual."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The Dice coefficient was used as a similarity metric for comparing the three annotated versions of each description."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This allows us to measure the degree to which annotators agreed on the semantic content of a particular description (Passonneau, 2006, cf.)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Table 4 displays the pairwise mean and modal Dice scores."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In all three pair- wise comparisons, there is a high degree of similarity, with the most frequent score being 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0081__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "However, agreement was slightly higher between the two annota- tors a and b than between either of them and the authors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082", "paragraph_index": 82, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To take the likelihood of chance agreement into account, we used Krippendorf's α (Krippendorf, 1980), which has the general form shown in 2: α = 1 − D o D e (2) where D o is the observed disagreement between annotators, and D e is the disagreement expected when the units of interest are being coded purely by chance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We follow Carletta (1996) in assuming that a value greater than 0.8 indicates high reliability (see Artstein and Poesio, 2008, for discussion)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In the present case, the disagreement on two descriptions D 1 and D 2 is calculated as 1 − dice(D 1 , D 2 )."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We followed Passonneau (2006) in adopting the following instantiation of (2): α = 1 − rm − 1 m i D1,D2 n D1 i n D2 i 1 − Dice(D 1 , D 2 ) D1 D2 n D1 n D2 1 − Dice(D 1 , D 2 ) (3) where r is the number of corpus descriptions, m the number of annotators (i.e., 3), i ranges over the individual corpus descriptions and n Dj i is the number of times the set of attributes D j has been assigned to description i (out of a maximum of 3)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The α value obtained was 0.85."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0082__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This implies that the three sets of independently annotated descriptions were in high agreement and the annotation scheme used is replicable to a high degree."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0083", "paragraph_index": 83, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0083__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As stated above, we use Test Sets 1 and 2 from the tuna-reg'08 stec to further validate our results."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0083__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "They were constructed via an online elicitation experiment based on the original design, with the following differences:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0084", "paragraph_index": 84, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0084__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Participants were not told that they would be interacting with a natural language understanding system, and they received no 'feedback' of the kind given in the original experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0084__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rather, they were asked to identify objects as though they were typing them for another person to read."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0085", "paragraph_index": 85, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0085__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0085__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The between-groups factor manipulating whether or not the communica- tive situation was fault-critical (±fc) was dropped;"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0086", "paragraph_index": 86, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0086__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. Only singular domains were used in the experiment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0086__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This is because the stecs did not include plural descriptions."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087", "paragraph_index": 87, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This experiment was completed by 218 participants, of whom 148 were native speakers of English."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The test sets were constructed by randomly sampling from the data gathered from native speakers only: both sets contain 112 different domains, divided equally into furniture and people descriptions and sampled evenly from both ±loc experimental conditions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In Test Set 1, there is one description per domain, for a total of 112 descriptions (56 per domain type)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We use this as development data in the present study (sections 5 and 6)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In Test Set 2, there are two different descriptions for each domain, for a total of 224 descriptions (112 in each domain type)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0087__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "This constitutes our independent test dataset, used for validation of the results on the original tuna corpus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088", "paragraph_index": 88, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 5 shows the number of descriptions in our two test sets, and our de- velopment set."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because the furniture and people sub-corpora vary so much in complexity, we focus on each one separately in what follows."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In each case, the data consists of (a) singular descriptions (sg); and (b) similar plurals (ps) elicited in the −loc condition."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These are the two classes of descriptions that can be handled by the algorithms without extensions to deal with disjunction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0088__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Since participants in the −loc condition were not prevented from using loca- tive attributes (though they were discouraged), we further exclude from our test data all descriptions which include them."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089", "paragraph_index": 89, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As observed earlier, testing all possible versions of the ia would not be practical, particularly in a domain with a large number of attributes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In each sub-corpus, we therefore selected a subset of the possible ias, focussing on those which prioritise preferred attributes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although such preferences can often be identified from previous psycholinguistic work, this is not always possible, especially in the case of the people descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For this reason, we used our development data to estimate frequencies with which different attributes were used."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0089__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The resulting frequency ranking for each subcorpus was used to determine a set of pos that were predicted to be 'optimal'."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, null, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090", "paragraph_index": 90, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For each subcorpus, we report mean Dice scores for algorithms based on both the original tuna Corpus and the tuna-reg'08 test data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For validation pur- poses, we report correlations between these means."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Significant correlations are taken to suggest that the two datasets are compatible, in spite of the method- ological differences in the data collection."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Focussing on the main test dataset (that is, the original tuna data), our statistical analysis then proceeds in two steps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "First, we compare the set of optimal ias to the predicted sub-optimal ias, as well as a random baseline (hereafter referred to as ia-rand), which always se- lected the type of an attribute, and then incrementally added randomly-chosen properties to a description until the target referent was identified (this strategy follows Gupta and Stent, 2005)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "In this part of the study, we are mainly con- cerned with the impact of different pos on the ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We then address the question of how the ia compares to other algorithms by identifying the two versions of the ia which are statistically the best and worst, and comparing them to gr and fb."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0090__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "In each case, we report the results of a by-items anova with Tukey's post-hoc comparisons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0091", "paragraph_index": 91, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0091__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As before, there were strong positive correlations between the means obtained on the two datasets, both when the overall tuna means are compared to the tuna-reg'08 means (r 10 = .9; p < .001) and when the singular subset only is compared (r 10 = .9; p = .001)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0091__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Rankings of algorithms are identical for the singular subset of the tuna data and the tuna-reg'08 data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0091__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The rankings on the overall tuna data display some variation in the middle ranks compared to the tuna-reg'08 data, but the two datasets give the same top and bottom rankings (that is, the top two and bottom two algorithms are the same)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0091__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This is confirmed by a strong positive correlation between ranks (ρ 10 = .88; p = .001)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092", "paragraph_index": 92, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "At a glance, the table suggests some important differences between distributions of the scores and algorithm rankings in this sub-corpus compared to the previous one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "First, the overall Dice scores are more broadly distributed, with ia-rand and ia-sstaohbg scoring at or below .57."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Second, there does not seem to be such a sharp difference in performance between the sg and ps conditions, with only relatively small decreases in performance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The exception is ia-sstaohbg, which performs worse in the sg condition compared to ps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Third, although ia- rand once again ranks above the worst-performing ia, the random procedure peforms worse, in relative terms, than it did on the furniture sub-corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0092__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Fourth, the worst-performing ia has an extremely low prp of 7, scoring 0 on this measure in the singular data, meaning that it does not achieve a perfect match with any of the descriptions produced by our subjects."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0093", "paragraph_index": 93, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0093__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 6 (algorithm) × 2(cardinality) univariate anova again showed a sig- nificant main effect of algorithm(F (9, 1876) = 118.47, p < .001) but no main effect of cardinality (F (1, 1876) = 2.22, p > .1)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0093__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the interaction was highly significant (F (6, 1876) = 6.37, p < .001)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0093__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "These results confirm the preliminary impressions gleaned from the table, where the decline in perfor- mance on ps is not as sharp as it was on the furniture data."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0093__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The interaction is obtained primarily because ia-sstaohbg reverses the trend found for all the other algorithms."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094", "paragraph_index": 94, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 12 displays the homogeneous subsets obtained from the Tukey's pair- wise comparisons."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The table is most interesting in the difference at the two extremes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "At the top of the table, the two best-performing algorithms differ significantly from all other algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "At the bottom, two distinct subsets identify the worst-performing algorithms, one of which is ia-rand."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Interest- ingly, the latter does not cluster with the worst-performing po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Looking at the two best versions of the ia, the distinction between the pos appears subtle."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0094__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "This is also evident in the overlap between groups b and c, which mirrors the overlap found in the furniture sub-corpus between algorithms that fall between the extremes (Table 8)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0095", "paragraph_index": 95, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0095__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As before, the means for gr and fb in Table 7 suggest that they fall somewhere between the best and worst performing ias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0095__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, whereas their means were not significantly different in the furniture sub-corpus, for the people sub-corpus a significant difference was found, with fb outperforming gr (with a much higher prp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0095__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this section, we compare these two algorithms to one of the best ias (ia-bghoatss), and the worst (ia-sstaohbg)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0096", "paragraph_index": 96, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0096__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A 4 (algorithm) × 2(cardinality) univariate anova revealed the same trends as with the comparison of the ias in the previous sub-section, with a main effect of algorithm (F (3, 1072) = 192.63, p < .001), no main effect of cardinality (F (1, 1072) = 1.14, p > .25) and a significant interaction (F (3, 1072) = 13.44, p < .001), the latter once again due to ia-sstaohbg."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0096__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Homogeneous subsets from the pairwise comparisons are shown in Table 13."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0096__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Apart from confirming the superiority of the top-ranked ia, these results also confirm that fb outperformed gr, and both are significantly better than the worst version of the ia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0097", "paragraph_index": 97, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0097__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The answers to our questions are generally more clear-cut on this dataset than on the furniture sub-corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0097__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "There is an obvious dependency of the ia on the po: ia-sstaohbg does not achieve a single perfect match with any description, and is significantly worse than all other algorithms, while once again, the versions of the ia which perform best are those which prioritise 'preferred' (i.e., in the present case, frequent) attributes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0098", "paragraph_index": 98, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0098__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The increased number of choices in this domain type also means that a ran- dom incremental procedure is more likely to select a distinguishing combination of attributes which a human author would not select."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0098__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Another observation con- cerns the distinction between gr and fb; the two algorithms are significantly different on this dataset, with fb performing better and achieving a prp which approaches that of some of the higher-ranked ias."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0098__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In general, gr is likely to overspecify, including attributes that are not minimally required for a distin- guishing reference."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0098__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The fact that fb achieves a respectable performance means that the validity of the generalisation that people are unlikely to be brief is strongly dependent on the domain type."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099", "paragraph_index": 99, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "As we have argued, much of the psycholinguistic literature has shown pref- erences for attributes such as colour."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "On one interpretation (Schriefers and Pechmann, 1988; Pechmann, 1989), this is because of a holistic, 'gestalt' mental representation of objects to which some attributes are central owing to their salience and the fact that they are not relative (unlike size)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "A related inter- pretation is that these attributes have high codability (Belke and Meyer, 2002)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, predictions of overspecification based on these theories do not seem to carry over straightforwardly to attributes such as whether a person wears glasses, or whether they are bald."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0099__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The investigation of these phenomena in different domains is an important area of future research."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0100", "paragraph_index": 100, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0100__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main reason why the two Cardinality/Similarity conditions differ less sharply in the people sub-corpus compared to the furniture data is that in the Plural Similar condition in the people domains, the two target referents were both of the same type (i.e., both men)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0100__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The kinds of 'partitioned' descriptions that were unavoidable in the furniture corpus (because the two referents in a plural target had different values for the type attribute) would sometimes still arise, as in (4a), where different properties were used to characterise each referent."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0100__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "However, where the description ascribes the same properties to each referent as in the ps condition, the form will be as in (4b)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0101", "paragraph_index": 101, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0101__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(4) (a) the man with a beard and the man with glasses"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0102", "paragraph_index": 102, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0102__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "(b) the men with beards and glasses"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0103", "paragraph_index": 103, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0103__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Dale and Reiter claimed that the ia is superior to its competitors in two respects, namely human-likeness and computational tractability."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0103__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We have so far focussed on the first of these claims, but it is worth discussing the second one as well."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0104", "paragraph_index": 104, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0104__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Firstly, suppose we accept tractability as an important consideration."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0104__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is then far from clear that this rules out algorithms such as gr, or perhaps even fb."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0104__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To see why, let us assess the run-time complexity of each of these algorithms, use the following abbreviations:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0105", "paragraph_index": 105, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0105__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. n a = number of properties known to be true of the intended referent."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0106", "paragraph_index": 106, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0106__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. n d = number of distractors."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0107", "paragraph_index": 107, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0107__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "3. n l = number of attributes mentioned in the final referring expression."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108", "paragraph_index": 108, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Under Dale and Reiter's analysis, gr has a complexity of n a × n d × n l , because it needs to make n l passes through the problem, at each stage checking at most n a attributes to determine how many of the n d distractors they rule out."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "By contrast, the ia has a complexity of n d × n l , because it requires n l passes, but does not look for the optimal attribute at each stage, since this is fixed in the Preference po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Although this makes gr more computationally 'expensive' than ia, the standard view regarding the complexity of algorithms is that only the general shape of the function matters and not its fine details."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Because both algorithms are polynomial, the standard position suggests that they should probably be tarred with the same brush."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In other words, there are no strong computational reasons for preferring ia over gr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0108__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "A worse complexity class is only reached with fb, whose complexity Dale and Reiter assessed as n n l a (i.e., exponential)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109", "paragraph_index": 109, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It's unusual to assess complexity in terms of variables like n l (which is not known before the end of the calculation) and n a (which would require an al- gorithm of its own to calculate)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A similar picture emerges, however, if the al- gorithms are subjected to a more traditional worst-case analysis (van Deemter, 2002)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Such an analysis puts the complexity of ia at n x × n p , where n p equals the total number of properties expressible in the language (i.e., the number of attribute/value combinations), and n x is the number of objects in the domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this analysis, it is easy to see that the order in which properties are tested is irrelevant, because in the worst case, all properties are tested."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0109__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The same conclusion follows, namely that both gr and ia have polynomial complexity."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0110", "paragraph_index": 110, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0110__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "17 Additionally, is debatable whether it makes sense to dismiss a gre algorithm purely because it is computationally 'intractable', and it might be partly for this reason that complexity has been discussed relatively rarely in gre in recent years, when most research has focussed on empirical tests of algorithms on miniature domains, as we have seen."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0110__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppose algorithm x produced better output than algorithm y, but at a much slower pace. Would we really want to prefer y over x under all circumstances?"}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0110__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The following arguments militate against such a position:"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0111", "paragraph_index": 111, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0111__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "1. Current gre algorithms do not pretend to model procedural aspects of human reference production at all; at best, they offer a good approxima- tion of the descriptions produced by a human speaker."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0111__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thus, the primary question that determines a choice between algorithms is which one mimics human output better, not which one is faster."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112", "paragraph_index": 112, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "2. Computational tractability requires one to make assumptions which, in practice, can be debatable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppose. for example, no referring expression can contain more than a hundred properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This reasonable assumption would instantly remove the variable n l from the formula for the complexity of fb, causing this algorithm to run in polynomial time."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "An algorithm whose theoretical complexity is polynomial (but whose constants have high values) can easily take more time in practice than an exponential one (whose constants have low values)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0112__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Thus, it is often difficult to assess the practical implications of complexity results."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0113", "paragraph_index": 113, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0113__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To sum up: the experiments reported in previous sections have led us to question the empirical superiority of the ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0113__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our discussion of computational complexity now tends in the same direction."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0113__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Combining the evidence, greedy approaches to gre may have a lot to offer after all."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114", "paragraph_index": 114, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The Incremental Algorithm is by far the best-known gre algorithm to date."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Krahmer and Theune, for example, wrote that 'the Incremental algorithm has become more or less accepted as the state of the art for generating descriptions' (Krahmer and Theune, 2002, p.223)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Horacek wrote that 'the incremental al- gorithm is generally considered best now, and we adopt it for our algorithm, too' (Horacek, 1997, p.207)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Recently, Goudbeek et al. ( 2009) stated that 'Dale and Reiter's (1995) Incremental Algorithm is often considered the algorithm of choice (...), due to its algorithmic simplicity and empirical groundedness'."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Oberlander stated that the ia 'clearly achieves reasonable output much of the time' (Oberlander, 1998, p.506)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ia has also become the basis of much recent work that seeks to widen the coverage of gre algorithms."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Examples in- clude work on relational descriptions (e.g. Areces et al., 2008), salience (such as Piwek (2009), which takes the incremental model 'as a point of departure'), vague descriptions van Deemter (2006), and spatial descriptions (e.g. Kelleher and Kruijff, 2006; Turner et al., 2007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "No other gre algorithm can boast a similar popularity, particularly for identifying a referent in a 'null context' (cf."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "the Introduction section)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Similarly, the fb and gr strategies are still among the main competitors of the ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0114__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Perhaps the main other contender is the graph- based approach of Krahmer et al. ( 2003), but its main selling point is arguably that it can encode a wide variety of algorithms, including ia, fb and gr."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115", "paragraph_index": 115, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We have not been able to confirm the advantages that have been claimed for the ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "From a point of view of run-time complexity, there are no strong reasons for preferring ia over the Greedy Algorithm, and in the corpora that we studied, it would be misleading to say that the ia matches human-produced descriptions more closely; for although there always existed a version of the ia that outperformed all other algorithms examined, this is not surprising given the fact that, in simple domain types, any halfway reasonable description can be produced by the ia if a preference order (po) is hand-picked."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "18 The success of the ia depended substantially on po: a sub-optimal po produces descriptions that are worse than fb and gr."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This was not only true when \"unreasonable\" po were used, but also when all available evidence, including corpus frequencies, were taken into account to find a good po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Furthermore, as we hope to explain in more detail elsewhere, an analysis of differences between participants in our experiment revealed that some human speakers are modelled more accurately by fb and gr than via any incremental generation strategy: in the people data, fb agreed perfectly with a human author about 61% of the time, for example."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0115__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Combining all the evidence, we conclude that someone who is looking for a gre algorithm for a previously unstudied application domain might do better choosing gr (augmented with a Dale and Reiter-style treatment of head nouns, as we have argued in section 2), instead of an unproven version of the ia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0116", "paragraph_index": 116, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0116__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Because this paper has used the assumptions outlined in Dale and Reiter (1995), our evaluations have focussed on the extent to which the descriptions produced by an algorithm matched human-produced descriptions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0116__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is intrinsi- cally interesting to construct algorithmic models of human language production, for example because it can help computer programs to, one day, pass the Turing test (Turing, 1950)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0116__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Moreover, there is some evidence that, by making refer- ring expressions resemble the ones produced by human speakers, the resulting expressions tend to be more easily understood (Campana et al., 2004)."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0116__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For all these reasons, human-likeness is currently the prevalent perspective on evalua- tion of gre algorithms, including the recent stec challenges (Gatt and Belz, 2010)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0117", "paragraph_index": 117, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0117__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Having said this, we acknowledge that there should also be room for alternative, utility-driven evaluation methods."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0117__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For, although some psycholin- guistic theories emphasise the cooperative nature of reference (e.g. Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs, 1986; Brennan and Clark, 1996), there is evidence that producers do not necessarily maintain a model of a receiver's communicative needs (e.g. Keysar et al., 2003; Engelhardt et al., 2006; Arnold, 2008)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118", "paragraph_index": 118, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The shortcomings of the ia became particularly noticeable in connection with the more complex of the two domain types, which involved black-and- white photographs of people's faces (i.e., the people domain type)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "But our people domains were still comparatively simple."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Real people would have been identifiable in terms of their physical features, past actions, and so on."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is unclear whether any of the algorithms discussed here would do well in such sit- uations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Some studies, in fact, suggest that there are domain types in which the ia performs poorly regardless of po."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0118__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "19 These results suggest to us that future research in gre should pay close attention to the complexities posed by the large and complex domains that speakers are faced with in real life."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0119", "paragraph_index": 119, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0119__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Research on gre has moved on considerably since 1995, when Dale and Re- iter put forward their hypotheses (see Krahmer and van Deemter (2011) for a survey)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0119__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Yet, the core gre problem of producing naturalistic \"one-shot\" de- scriptions of a single referent continues to attract considerable interest, as was demonstrated by the recent gre evaluation campaigns."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0119__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The investigation on which we have reported in this paper raises the question whether incremental- ity is basically on the right track, or whether some other approach to reference generation is perhaps superior."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0119__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It appears to us that a nuanced answer to this question is called for, since the choice depends on the situation in which the algorithm has to operate."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0120", "paragraph_index": 120, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0120__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In situations where it is possible to see, based on experimental evidence for example, that certain attributes are preferred over others (e.g., because they are easier to perceive or to express), the ia has considerable appeal, because this algorithm allows us to translate this evidence directly into a po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0120__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "20 In situations where neither intuitions nor experimental evidence are available, a version of the Greedy Algorithm is likely to be a better choice than the ia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0121", "paragraph_index": 121, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0121__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The main strength of the Greedy Algorithm lies in its ability to determine the usefulness of a property dynamically: in some cases, size will have great discriminatory power, for example, but if 90% of the domain elements have the same size as the target referent then size will be nearly useless for identifying the target."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0121__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The Greedy Algorithm is able to take such differences into account, because it selects properties based on how many distractors they remove."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122", "paragraph_index": 122, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "But arguably, discriminatory power is not enough."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suppose only one per- son in the room has green eyes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This does not necessarily make eye colour very useful for referring to this person, because the colour of someone's eyes is difficult to perceive from a distance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A defender of the Greedy Algorithm might counter that if eye colour is imperceptible, this attribute should not be available to the generator: gre algorithms should only use properties that are common knowledge."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0122__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The ia does have a subtle advantage in such cases, since its po allows one to order attributes according to their degree of perceptibility, avoiding a sharp, and ultimately arbitrary, distinction between perceptible and"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123", "paragraph_index": 123, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "19 An example is Paraboni et al. ( 2007), where reference in complex, hierarchically structured domains was studied."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors found that no single ia was able to generate the types of elaborate descriptions ('picture 5 in section 3', rather than 'picture 5', where the latter was minimally distinguishing) that were most preferred by both authors and readers."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other algorithms, designed to produce carefully over-specified descriptions, proved superior to the ia in such situations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The same is true if the evidence is different across the different values of an attribute, in which case the ia will operate with a po defined over properties (i.e., combinations of an attribute and a value) instead of attributes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0123__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "See also footnote 8."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0124", "paragraph_index": 124, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0124__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "imperceptible."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0124__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "What the ia cannot do, however, is make eye colour more highly preferred for referents nearby than for referents further afield: it must always be preferred to the same degree."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0124__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The fact that different pos can be selected for different domain types and text genres does not alter this."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0125", "paragraph_index": 125, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0125__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We want to make a plea for algorithms that determine dynamically which attributes to select for inclusion into a description, based on features of the situation."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0125__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Discriminatory power can play a role, but so can the extremity of a property (see below; also van Deemter (2006), section 4.1), intentional influ- ences (Jordan, 2000b,a), and alignment (Goudbeek et al., 2009). ( A framework suitable for combining several factors into one \"cost\" is Krahmer et al. ( 2003).) To show what we have in mind, let us say a bit more about one factor."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126", "paragraph_index": 126, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The idea of the extremity of a property can be traced back to some well- designed but little-known experiments (Hermann and Deutsch, 1976)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "When participants were shown pairs of candles, which differed in height and width, it turned out that when asked to refer to a candle that was both taller and fatter than its distractor, speakers overwhelmingly did this by expressing whichever of the two dimensions made the target \"stand\" out more: when the target candle had a width of 50mm and a height of 120mm, for example, while the distractor had a width of 25mm and a height of 100mm, speakers referred to the target as \"dick\" (fat), rather than \"lang\" (tall), because the relative difference between 50mm and 25mm is greater than between 120mm and 100mm."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Since both properties (i.e., width and height) would have ruled out the only available distractor, their discriminatory power in this situation is equal, yet there was a tendency for speakers to express the more extreme property."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Results of this kind are difficult to replicate using a fixed po."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__original__p0126__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The study of gre algorithms that avoid a rigid preference order and select their properties \"dynamically\" - making use of a combination of discriminatory power, extremity, and other factors - appears to us to be one of the most promising directions of work on gre at the moment."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2637__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0127", "paragraph_index": 127, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0127__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "In a recent article published in this journal [2], the authors criticize the Incremental Algorithm (a well-known algorithm for the generation of referring expressions due to Dale & Reiter, 1995, also in this journal) because of its strong reliance on a pre-determined, domain-dependent Preference Order."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0127__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors argue that there are potentially many different Preference Orders that could be considered, while often no evidence is available to determine which is a good one."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0127__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In this brief note, however, we suggest (based on a learning curve experiment) that finding a Preference Order for a new domain may not be so difficult after all, as long as one has access to a handful of human-produced descriptions collected in a semantically transparent way."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0127__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We argue that this is due to the fact that it is both more important and less difficult to get a good ordering of the head than of the tail of a Preference Order."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0128", "paragraph_index": 128, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0128__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When speakers use a description to refer to an object (\"the green sofa\") or a person (\"the tall man\"), they have to determine which properties to include so that an addressee knows which object or person is intended."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0128__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Clearly, there are many ways in which a sofa can be distinguished from other furniture items (\"the large sofa,\" \"the sofa left of the modern-looking chair,\" etc.), and there are even more possibilities when we consider references to persons."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0129", "paragraph_index": 129, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0129__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Various algorithms for the Generation of Referring Expressions (GRE) have been proposed that compute which set of properties distinguish a target, where properties themselves are often represented as attribute-value pairs, such as ⟨color, green⟩, indicating that the target has the value green for the attribute color."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0129__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a seminal study, Dale and Reiter (1995) present and compare various algorithms that accomplish this task [1]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0129__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One algorithm, which they call Greedy Heuristic (gr), relies on discriminatory power: It chooses properties one by one, at each iteration selecting that property of the intended referent that excludes most of the distractors not previously ruled out."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0130", "paragraph_index": 130, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0130__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An alternative that Dale and Reiter discuss is the Incremental Algorithm (ia), which relies on the assumption that some attributes (e.g., color) are more preferred than others (e.g., size)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0130__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This notion is formalized using a preference order (po), which is a list of attributes through which the ia iterates, selecting an attribute-value pair if it helps distinguishing the target from one or more of the distractors."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0130__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dale and Reiter point out that pos may vary from one domain to another, and should be determined empirically."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131", "paragraph_index": 131, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Recently, van Deemter et al. ( 2012) presented an extensive evaluation of the various algorithms discussed in Dale and Reiter (1995) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In their paper, van Deemter and colleagues emphasize the crucial role of the po when evaluating the ia."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "They show that, both in a furniture and in a people domain, the ia outperforms the gr algorithm with a \"good\" po, while the opposite holds when the ia relies on a \"bad\" po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This outcome naturally raises the question \"how 'good' pos might be selected\" [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors point out that systematically testing all pos for a given domain quickly becomes impractical, since for a domain where objects can be described using n different attributes, there are n! pos to consider."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0131__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Based on considerations such as these, they conclude that \"someone who is looking for a GRE algorithm for a previously unstudied application domain might do better choosing gr (…), instead of an unproven version of the ia\" [2]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0132", "paragraph_index": 132, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0132__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, it seems to us that it should first be determined how difficult it really is to find a \"good\" po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0132__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Perhaps only a handful or even only one human-produced description is needed to make an educated guess about the po for a certain domain."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0132__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One way to find out is by running a learning curve experiment, in which randomly selected sets of human-produced referring expressions (increasing in size) are used to determine the ranking of attributes on a po, after which the ia (with the various, resulting pos) can be evaluated in the same way as was done by van Deemter et al. ( 2012) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0132__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this letter, we report on exactly such an experiment, thereby extending the findings of van Deemter and colleagues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0133", "paragraph_index": 133, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0133__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "For our experiment we relied on the TUNA data-set, extensively described in van Deemter et al. ( 2012) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0133__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This semantically transparent corpus contains referring expressions for two domains (furniture and people), and it has been used for comparative evaluation in the REG Challenges (2007–2009)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0133__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To determine pos, we used 165 furniture descriptions and 136 people descriptions from the training set of the REG Challenge 2009."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0133__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For evaluating the ia, we used 38 furniture descriptions and 38 people descriptions from the 2009 REG Challenge development set."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0134", "paragraph_index": 134, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0134__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We used randomly selected subsets for each domain of the training set, with set sizes of 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 descriptions, as well as the entire set."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0134__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Because the accidental composition of a training set may strongly influence the results, especially for small training sets, we created five different sets of each size."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0134__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The training sets were built up in a cumulative fashion: We started with five randomly selected sets of size 1, then added four randomly selected descriptions to each of them to create five sets of size 5, etc."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0135", "paragraph_index": 135, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0135__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The rank of an attribute on a po was determined by counting the number of descriptions that include this attribute in a given set."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0135__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Van Deemter et al. ( 2012) likewise relied on frequencies (as well as on psycholinguistic evidence) to determine promising pos (which, incidentally, turned out to be easier to find for the furniture than the people domain), but, crucially, where they only computed frequencies over their entire development set, we specifically consider subsets (of increasing sizes)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0136", "paragraph_index": 136, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0136__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Consider determining a po based on a set of one description, say \"the large chair.\" Two attributes are mentioned in this description (size and type) and hence have frequency 1; these are placed at the head of the po."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0136__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Other attributes (such as color and orientation) are not mentioned (frequency 0), and these are placed at the tail of the po."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0136__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This gives a partial ordering of attributes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0137", "paragraph_index": 137, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0137__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "However, the ia requires a complete ordering, so when two or more attributes occur in a single training set with the same frequency, we decided to rank them alphabetically (clearly, as set size increases, frequencies will more often be enough to completely rank all attributes)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0137__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The resulting po for our example would be ⟨size, type, color, orientation⟩. Note that like Dale and Reiter (1995), but contrary to van Deemter et al. ( 2012) we check whether type is in the description after running the ia and include it when it was not added earlier."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0138", "paragraph_index": 138, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0138__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Nothing hinges on this for the experiment we describe here, however."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0138__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Once a po has been determined, we run the ia with this po on the test set and evaluate the performance in terms of Dice and prp, as van Deemter et al. ( 2012) do [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0138__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Dice measures set overlap between a generated set of properties and those produced by a human speaker, ranging from 0 (no overlap) to 1 (complete overlap); prp is the perfect recall percentage, the proportion of times when the ia achieves a Dice score of 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139", "paragraph_index": 139, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Table 1 summarizes the results and reveals a clear picture."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For the Furniture domain, a set size of five descriptions is sufficient to reach top performance both in terms of Dice and prp."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the more complex People domain the results are slightly more varied, and increasing set sizes generally give numerically higher scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "However, it is important to note that even here the first few descriptions clearly have the biggest impact; moving from set size 1 to set size 10, for example, yields a prp improvement of 0.137, while moving from set size 10 to the entire set gives a prp improvement of 0.105."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0139__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "For Dice, this is even clearer: From set size 1 to 10 gives an increase of 0.16, while moving from 10 to the entire set improves the Dice score with only 0.04."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0140", "paragraph_index": 140, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0140__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To test for statistical significance, we ran separate analyses of variance (one for each domain) with set-size as a repeated measure, and Dice and prp as the dependent variables."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0140__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Planned post hoc pairwise comparisons were made to test which set-size is the smallest that does not perform significantly different from the entire set (we call this the \"ceiling\"); we report results both for the standard Bonferroni method, which corrects for multiple comparisons, and for the less strict LSD method from Fisher, which does not."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0140__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Note that with the more strict Bonferroni method we are inherently less likely to find statistically significant differences between set sizes, meaning that we can expect to reach a ceiling earlier than with the LSD method."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0141", "paragraph_index": 141, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0141__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We found statistically significant effects of set size for both the Furniture (Dice: F(7, 259) = 13.81; p < .001; η²p = 0.27 and prp: F(7, 259) = 34.31; p < .001; η²p = 0.48) and the People domains (Dice: F(7, 259) = 18.47; p < .001; η²p = 0.33 and prp: F(7, 259) = 5.99; p < .001; η²p = 0.14), indicating that the number of descriptions from which a po is derived influences the performance of the ia both in terms of Dice and of prp."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0141__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Crucially, the post hoc tests confirm that, generally speaking, small set sizes are sufficient to reach ceiling performance."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0141__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "For the furniture domain, we (clearly) reached the ceiling at set-size 5."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0141__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "For the People domain, the ceiling for Dice is reached at set-size 10 (both with the Bonferroni and the LSD method), while for prp the ceiling is reached at set-size 40 using the LSD method, and 1 with the Bonferroni method."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0142", "paragraph_index": 142, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0142__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Our experiment shows that even based on a small set of human-produced descriptions we can make an informed guess about what a \"good\" po is."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0142__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "With relatively small sets of descriptions (much smaller than the entire TUNA corpus) we obtain results that are not significantly different from the best performing variant of the ia."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0143", "paragraph_index": 143, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0143__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Arguably, these results allow two important, related conclusions: (a) Even though, in theory, there are indeed n! different possible pos of n attributes, it is both more important and less difficult to get a \"good\" ordering for the head of the po than for its tail. And (b) relatively many human-produced descriptions will include attributes that are preferred, so that it does not really matter how dispreferred attributes are ordered."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0144", "paragraph_index": 144, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0144__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is worth pointing out that our approach still requires a semantically balanced corpus."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0144__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "However, the evaluation results suggest that a surprisingly small one may be sufficient."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0145", "paragraph_index": 145, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0145__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of course, it should be kept in mind that these conclusions, while intuitive, are based on data from the relatively simple domains studied by van Deemter et al. ( 2012) [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0145__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Moreover, here we have only considered references to single targets, while van Deemter et al. ( 2012) also consider references to sets, for which determining a po might well be more complicated."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0146", "paragraph_index": 146, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0146__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It will certainly be interesting to see what happens when the field of referring expression generation moves toward more complex references and more open-ended domains."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0146__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For now, we conclude that someone who is looking for a GRE algorithm for a new application domain might consider collecting a handful of human-produced descriptions, before discarding the ia in favor of another algorithm."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0147", "paragraph_index": 147, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0147__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Krahmer and Koolen received financial support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Vici grant 27770007)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__critique__p0147__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Thanks to Albert Gatt for allowing us to use his implementation of the Incremental Algorithm and his evaluation scripts, and to Kees van Deemter and Albert Gatt for useful discussions and comments on an earlier version of this text."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2637__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148", "paragraph_index": 148, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "This response discusses the experiment reported in Krahmer et al. ’s Letter to the Editor of Cognitive Science."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We observe that their results do not tell us whether the Incremental Algorithm is better or worse than its competitors, and we speculate about implications for reference in complex domains, and for learning from “normal” (i.e., non-semantically-balanced) corpora."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "In their Letter to the Editor [3], Krahmer and colleagues discuss our article “Generation of Referring Expressions: Assessing the Incremental Algorithm” [4]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "In this response, we assess their contribution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Our article details the TUNA experiment, a systematic attempt to assess these two claims."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "TUNA compared the performance of the IA and its competitors on a corpus of referring expressions that resulted from an experiment in which subjects were asked to refer to objects to an imaginary listener."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "In a nutshell, we found that IA is not always superior to its competitors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "The performance of IA turned out to depend strongly on a parameter not specified by Dale and Reiter [1], namely the Preference Order (PO) of attributes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "By determining in what order the IA examines attributes (e.g., colour, size, etc.), the PO influences the likelihood with which an attribute is included in an expression generated by the IA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Different POs thus lead to different referring expressions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0011", "sentence_n": 11, "text": "Some POs make IA superior to its competitors, others make it inferior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0012", "sentence_n": 12, "text": "Crucially, our study suggested that it is difficult to predict whether a given PO will make IA superior to its competitors. And, given that the IA’s competitors performed quite reliably, we speculated that, confronted with a new domain for which no corpus is available, practitioners in Natural Language Generation might be wise to use one of these competitors, instead of the IA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0013", "sentence_n": 13, "text": "Krahmer and colleagues wondered how difficult it is to find “good” POs for IA."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0014", "sentence_n": 14, "text": "They decided to use one of the methods proposed in our article, namely to determine POs by counting the frequencies of attributes in the TUNA corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0148__s0015", "sentence_n": 15, "text": "They did not focus on the corpus as a whole, however, but on tiny parts of the corpus."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149", "paragraph_index": 149, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The TUNA corpus consists of two parts: the furniture corpus, consisting of stylised pictures of furniture; and the people corpus, consisting of descriptions of photographic portraits."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors found that, for furniture, tiny samples suffice to construct an IA that performs as well as their best-performing IA; for the people corpus, the results were more varied, though small samples still tended to perform well."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Their procedure went like this: they computed DICE and PRP scores (these are metrics that measure how “human-like” the expressions generated by an algorithm are. See our article for definitions.) for samples consisting of 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and (roughly) 150 descriptions, that is, at 8 different levels."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Larger samples might be expected to lead to better IAs, because they give a more accurate picture of language use."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "The authors show, however, that for the furniture corpus, a “ceiling” is reached with as few as 5 descriptions; for the people corpus, a DICE ceiling is reached at 10 descriptions, whereas a PRP ceiling is reached at 40."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "The ceiling is defined as the lowest level that did not score significantly worse than the IA associated with the highest level (i.e., level 8)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0149__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "We make a number of observations, starting with what we see as the main strength of the Letter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [6, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150", "paragraph_index": 150, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Where we agree: To find that, in some domains, a tiny amount of data suffices to construct a well-performing reference production algorithm is genuinely interesting, and reminiscent of calculations showing that complex Bayesian decision making can often be approximated very well through small samples [5]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Let us place these results in context."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "TUNA’s two domains were both tiny (involving just 6 distractors, offered in a neat visual arrangement on a small computer screen)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nonetheless, the people corpus made it substantially harder to find a version of IA that beats its competitors than the even simpler furniture corpus."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "( Krahmer et al. find analogous differences between the two, with higher ceilings for the people corpus.) One wonders how difficult it is to find “good” POs for truly complex domains, as when we point out a person in a crowd, or when we refer to a place that the speaker and the listener once visited together."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0150__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "We believe that the real challenge for research on reference lies in such “real-world” domains – a position for which we find support in Krahmer and van Deemter [2], which gives us confidence that we may be able to find common ground with the authors of the Letter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0151", "paragraph_index": 151, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0151__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "An important reservation: Unlike Dale and Reiter [1], and unlike our own article, the Letter does not compare IA with its competitors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0151__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "This means that the results of the Letter do not speak directly to the question on which our paper focussed, namely whether IA is superior to its competitors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0151__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "To defend the IA against its competitors, it does not suffice to show that small corpora allow one to choose an IA that is “good”: one would have to show that the chosen IA is better than these competitors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0151__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although direct comparisons are a bit tricky, because of the way in which the authors decided to apply the algorithms (e.g., treating the TYPE attribute differently from how we treated it), it may be illustrative to note that the DICE scores that we found for one of the competitor algorithms, Full Brevity, lie above the relevant figures for IA reported in the Letter."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0152", "paragraph_index": 152, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0152__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A quibble about stats: the definition of Krahmer et al. ’s notion of a ceiling rests on non-significance. But non-significance results need to be treated with particular caution."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0152__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "For example, the authors observe that a DICE score of 0.605 (people corpus, domains of size 10) was not statistically distinguishable from a DICE score of 0.724 (people corpus, domains of size 50), yet an experiment that used a larger number of referring expressions to test the algorithms may well have revealed a difference."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0152__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Besides, it may not be justified to treat level 8 as if it were a gold standard; larger data sets may well have yielded even higher scores."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0152__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "These are minor issues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 9, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [8, 9, 9], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2637", "paragraph_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153", "paragraph_index": 153, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Scarce resources: By using the TUNA corpus, Krahmer and colleagues exploit a specially prepared corpus, which is semantically balanced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Semantic balance means, for example, that the number of situations in which a given property (e.g., colour) suffices to individuate the referent equals the number of situations where some other property (e.g., size) suffices, and similar for combinations of properties."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Semantically balanced corpora tell us something about language use."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Non-semantically-balanced corpora are much more widely available, and more representative of what humans are exposed to."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "In these “normal” corpora however, frequencies are influenced not just by language use, but also by frequencies in the world."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Consequently, drawing inferences from these corpora tends to be harder than from semantically balanced ones."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "The Letter raises the question whether good POs can also be found on the basis of small corpora that are not semantically balanced."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "We’re still inclined to believe that, confronted with a new domain for which no corpus is available (let alone a semantically balanced one), it might be better to use one of its competitors, instead of the IA."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0009", "sentence_n": 9, "text": "In our article, we argue that factors such as computational complexity do not alter this assessment."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2637__response__p0153__s0010", "sentence_n": 10, "text": "Krahmer et al. ’s experiment with small data sets is interesting nonetheless, not least because of the questions it raises about human acquisition of reference production."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2637/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W2072328995_W2039239373_W1991062648", "triad_name": "triad_2637", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2637__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0001", "paragraph_index": 1, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0001__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The methodology for this scoping review was developed using previously published guidelines by Arksey and O'Malley 16 based on a modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach for scoping reviews (PRISMA- ScR)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0001__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "17 This process involves five stages for conducting a scoping review, which are described below."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0001__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "The PRISMA-ScR checklist can be found in the Electronic Supplementary Material eAppendix 1."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, null, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0002", "paragraph_index": 2, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0002__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To better evaluate propofol misuse by medical professionals, the research team developed the following research question: What individual characteristics of medical professionals misusing propofol are commonly reported in the literature and what are the reported consequences of propofol misuse?"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003", "paragraph_index": 3, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "A comprehensive search strategy was used with search terms including propofol, medication misuse, medical professionals, and addiction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "A full list of search terms is available in ESM eAppendix 2."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Searches were conducted on 29 November 2021 within the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE (1986 to November 2021), Ovid EMBASE (1986 to November 2021), and Ovid PsycINFO (1986 to November 2021)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "No article type restrictions were included to obtain broad search results from a wide variety of sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Date restrictions from 1986 to present were used to reflect the period of clinical use of propofol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Because of limitations in translation services, the search was limited to articles written in English."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0003__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "Reference lists of the identified sources were reviewed to identify applicable sources not found in the initial search."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0004", "paragraph_index": 4, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0004__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Inclusion criteria for the scoping review included reports on medical professionals misusing propofol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0004__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Exclusion criteria included discussions of laypersons misusing propofol, medical professionals misusing substances other than propofol, no full-text availability, and non-English language sources."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0005", "paragraph_index": 5, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0005__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Two members of the research team independently screened publications for inclusion based on title and abstract review using a systematic review software (Covidence, Veritas Health Innovation; Melbourne, VIC, Australia)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0005__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Sources deemed to be relevant by title and abstract review were screened for inclusion using a full-text review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0005__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Any 123 396 G. W. Burnett et al. disagreements were discussed until a consensus could be reached."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0005__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "A third reviewer was available to discuss disagreements that could not be resolved by the initial reviewers."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0006", "paragraph_index": 6, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0006__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "After the full-text review, data were extracted from relevant sources."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0006__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Extracted data included the article type, country of origin, year of report, profession, trainee status, sex, age, pre-existing psychiatric disorders, polysubstance use (use of propofol in addition to other substances), method of discovery, outcome, and if the misuse was associated with suicide."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0007", "paragraph_index": 7, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0007__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Analysis of identified articles including individual characteristics of medical professionals was conducted based on the previously listed data points to identify relevant themes."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0008", "paragraph_index": 8, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0008__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Details of source selection are available in Fig. 1."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0008__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Twenty- one articles identified through database searches were deemed relevant to our research question, while three additional articles were identified through reference list review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0008__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Twenty-four articles were included for data charting and synthesis."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0008__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "10, 18-40 Data charting of the final 24 articles is available in the Table."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0009", "paragraph_index": 9, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0009__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Included articles were published between 1992 and 2021, with half of the included articles being published between 2007 and 2013 (n = 12)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0009__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The most common article type was case reports (n = 17) focusing on single cases, but six included articles were case series reporting 2-25 cases of propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0009__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One additional article meeting inclusion criteria was a survey study."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0009__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Most included articles originated from Europe (n = 15), but most of the identified cases were from North America in two larger case series."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0010", "paragraph_index": 10, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0010__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Of the identified articles reporting age of medical professionals misusing propofol, the median [interquartile range] age was 35 [29-43] yr, though discrete age data were only available for approximately half of the cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0010__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The medical professionals' sex was approximately even when indicated (male, n = 33; female, n = 30), but was unknown in nearly one third of cases (unknown, n = 25)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0011", "paragraph_index": 11, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0011__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "No articles provided information on race or ethnicity of medical professionals misusing propofol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012", "paragraph_index": 12, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Twenty-two articles provided the medical professional occupation of 85 individuals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Medical professionals identified as misusing propofol most commonly worked within the field of anesthesiology as anesthesiologists (n = 42) or as certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs; n = 16)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Additionally, registered nurses (n = 12) and nonanesthesiologist physicians (n = 12) were also identified as misusing propofol in the literature."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Nonanesthesiology physicians' specialties were surgery (n = 2), general practice (n = 2), critical care (n = 1), obstetrics (n = 1), emergency medicine (n = 1), radiology (n = 1) and unknown (n = 4)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Figure 2 shows the full breakdown of medical professions."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0012__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Only 22 of the identified cases involved trainees, but all 22 of the trainees identified as misusing propofol were noted to be anesthesiologists."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0013", "paragraph_index": 13, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0013__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Pre-existing psychiatric history was available in only 14 included articles spanning 59 cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0013__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Pre-existing psychiatric disorder was noted in nearly half of the cases with available information (26 cases), but the information provided was limited in these articles."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0013__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "History of polysubstance use (use of substances in addition to propofol) was better reported in nearly all included articles, with one article providing partial data for identified cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0013__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Overall, history of polysubstance use was reported in 72 cases and was present in most identified cases (n = 42)."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0014", "paragraph_index": 14, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0014__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data regarding method of discovery were available in 23 articles covering 48 cases, though these data were incomplete in one article."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0014__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Among cases with a known method of discovery, death was most common (n = 38)."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0014__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Symptomatic intoxication (n = 6) and self-admission to rehabilitation (n = 4) were also noted methods of discovery."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015", "paragraph_index": 15, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Data regarding outcome of cases were available in all 24 articles, but one article included incomplete data on outcome, leaving known outcome data on 83 cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Self- admission to rehabilitation (n = 42) and death (n = 41) were the most common outcomes."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Of the 41 cases of death, association with suicide was reported in 31 cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Suicide was associated with death in 13 cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0015__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Information regarding subsequent recovery or resumption of clinical practice following rehabilitation was not identified."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016", "paragraph_index": 16, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Propofol is the one of the most common intravenous anesthetic agents used today. When administered by a trained professional, it is a safe and effective anesthetic agent, but self-administration can have devastating consequences."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Our scoping review identified 24 articles reporting on individual characteristics of propofol misuse in 88 healthcare professionals over a 30-year period."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "While this may seem a small number given the amount of propofol in use worldwide during this period, it should be noted that these cases likely represent the tip of a large iceberg of unreported events."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is also likely that these reports represent a sample skewed toward prevalence in academic institutions where someone might be more likely to write a report."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0016__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "While it appears that the incidence of propofol misuse is increasing, without a clear understanding of either the real numerator or denominator involved, we cannot estimate a rate and our findings should be viewed in this context."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0017", "paragraph_index": 17, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0017__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Given our search criteria, it is not surprising that individual case reports were the most common article type in this review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0017__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Despite this, much of the more robust data from the included articles came from multiple larger case series and a single survey study."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0017__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This shows the need for larger studies to strengthen the understanding of medical professionals who misuse propofol and identify methods to identify and mitigate propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0017__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Despite this need for additional data, future studies may be limited to the practical difficulties of measuring the impact of interventions to prevent propofol misuse due to difficulties in determining its true incidence."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0018", "paragraph_index": 18, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0018__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Anesthesiologists and CRNAs represented the majority of identified articles and cases."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0018__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Ease of access and familiarity with how it is used may explain why the rate of propofol misuse appears to be highest in this group of healthcare professionals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0018__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other healthcare professionals with access and familiarity made up the second highest percentage group of medical professionals, which included registered nurses and nonanesthesiologist physicians in specialties such as critical care, surgery, and emergency medicine."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0018__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "The findings of this scoping review provide support to focus future prevention and recognition strategies on those working within the field of anesthesiology."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 6, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 6, 6], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019", "paragraph_index": 19, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Previous studies investigating substances more generally 11 and propofol specifically 10 have suggested that trainees represent a larger proportion of medical professionals misusing these substances."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Less than half of propofol misuse cases identified in this scoping review were in trainees, and all trainees identified were anesthesiologists."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Though collation of the case reports, case series, and one survey study should not be used as a reliable direct comparator with previous studies, we do recognize anesthesiology trainees as a high-risk population for propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This finding suggests that propofol misuse may be more common in those out of training than previously believed and should be further investigated to truly understand the extent of this problem."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Previous literature shows that the greatest risk for anesthesiologists and CRNAs developing addiction-related complications with misuse of anesthetic agents is early in their career."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0019__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "41 Focus should therefore be on preventing healthcare professionals, particularly anesthesiologists, from misusing propofol early in their career."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020", "paragraph_index": 20, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Death was a commonly described outcome in cases of propofol misuse identified in the literature and was similar to findings in opioid misuse."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "42 Most strikingly, this review found that death was a frequently reported method of discovery in cases of propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Interpretation of this finding should be tempered as nearly half of all identified cases lacked a known method of discovery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Previous studies have shown mortality rates as high as 28% among anesthesiology attending physicians and 38% among resident physicians."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "10 Induction doses of propofol can cause apnea more frequently than other anesthetic agents can, even opioids."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "43 Rapid injection of propofol most commonly leads to death due to respiratory depression without ventilatory support and may also result in anoxic brain injury, aspiration pneumonitis, or cardiac arrest."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0020__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "30, 44 When self-administered or administered outside the controlled medical setting, an induction dose of this medication may provide a lethal injection as shown in this review."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0021", "paragraph_index": 21, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0021__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "It is also important to note that death related to propofol misuse and known suicide were commonly reported, though data regarding suicide was not available for a portion of articles identified in this review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0021__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Suicide risk has been shown to be elevated in healthcare professionals, 45, 46 and particularly high-risk fields of medicine including specialties with access to propofol such as anesthesiology and general surgery."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0021__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "46 While pre-existing psychiatric history was available in only 14 of the included articles, nearly half of the individuals in these articles had a pre- existing psychiatric disorder."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0021__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "It is vital that all medical professionals remain vigilant and able to recognize colleagues with signs of depression or suicidality, particularly in those with access to drugs such as propofol, which is frequently used to facilitate suicide in this cohort."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022", "paragraph_index": 22, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "There have been increasing reports of propofol misuse among medical professionals beyond the case reports and case series targeted by this scoping review."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "In a study including 11,666 attending physicians and resident physicians from 1990 to 1997 by Booth et al., the calculated ten-year incidence of propofol misuse was 123 Propofol misuse in medical professions 399 0.02%."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "47 In a more recent study by Wischmeyer et al., which included 20,865 attending physicians and resident physicians, the incidence rate increased five-fold to 0.10% during the period 1995-2005."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "10 Most recently, Fry et al. surveyed the heads of 185 Australian and New Zealand departments of anesthesia and found that propofol was the most commonly misused drug, even when considering more traditionally misused substances such as opiates, benzodiazepines, and alcohol."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0022__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "11 Due to this increasingly more common incidence of propofol misuse, it is important to recognize the misuse potential of propofol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0023", "paragraph_index": 23, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0023__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Compared with other commonly used anesthetic agents, propofol has a rapid onset of action for induction combined with rapid recovery, 43 making it an attractive target for diversion in the workplace setting."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0023__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Individuals who have misused propofol reported self-administration of anesthetic or subanesthetic doses repeatedly throughout the day while still being able to function at a high enough level to avoid detection in between doses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0023__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "So called ''pro-napping'' is associated with self-administration of a single bolus dose followed by rapid recovery and immediate return to work."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0023__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "48 These reports of propofol misuse while on duty raise concerns regarding patient safety while being treated by medical professionals misusing propofol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024", "paragraph_index": 24, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similar to alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates, all of which have proven addiction potential, propofol acts on c-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptors to enhance chloride currents."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "44 The potentiation of GABA A receptor- mediated chloride currents by propofol occurs at low concentrations with direct activation of the GABA A receptor occurring with high concentrations of propofol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "49 Antagonizing the GABA A receptor blocks the action of propofol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "50 Both subanesthetic and anesthetic doses of propofol have been shown to increase the concentration of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of rats, a main component of the mesolimbic reward process."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "51 This is very similar to what occurs with alcohol and other recreational drugs that stimulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and further enhance activation of neural networks associated with attention and reward behavior."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "52 In a study conducted on baboons, these primates were shown to preferentially self-administer propofol, suggesting this medication also acts as a reinforcer."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0007", "sentence_n": 7, "text": "53 In a more recent study evaluating patients undergoing propofol sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures, propofol induced euphoria in nearly half of patients enrolled."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0024__s0008", "sentence_n": 8, "text": "54 Although propofol isn't currently listed as a controlled substance throughout the USA or Canada, some institutions require propofol to be accounted for."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0025", "paragraph_index": 25, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0025__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Wischmeyer et al. showed that at 90 academic anesthesia programs (71% of programs in the study), the pharmacy did not securely store and account for propofol."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0025__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "10 This study also showed that more cases of propofol misuse were reported at programs without pharmacy control of propofol."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0026", "paragraph_index": 26, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0026__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "While having stricter control on the supply of propofol in the hospital, even if propofol is not ultimately reclassified as a controlled substance (that is, treating propofol as a controlled substance) could potentially reduce the rate of diversion."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0027", "paragraph_index": 27, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0027__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Through this scoping review, we identified several knowledge gaps regarding propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0027__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "One is the etiology for propofol misuse, an important point for identifying potential future mitigation strategies."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0027__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Other gaps include the demographics of those misusing propofol, such as information on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic background, which could be associated with propofol misuse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0028", "paragraph_index": 28, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0028__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Another notable knowledge gap is related to re- entry to clinical practice following propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0028__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "It is unknown if those misusing propofol successfully complete rehabilitation and are able to re-enter clinical practice within their previous subspecialty or within a new subspecialty."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0028__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "One identified study does provide a proposed framework for re-entry to clinical practice following propofol misuse, 55 but no data regarding success of this program exist."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0029", "paragraph_index": 29, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0029__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Similarly, no long-term follow-up of those who have undergone rehabilitation for propofol misuse has been reported, so it is unknown if rehabilitation prevents relapse or death."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0029__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, the duration of misuse of propofol is unknown."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0029__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Identifying how long those misusing propofol have been actively misusing may provide insight into opportunities to prevent diversion and misuse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0030", "paragraph_index": 30, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0030__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Lastly, the success of potential training interventions or other prevention strategies is also unknown."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0030__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "While Wischmeyer et al. showed that pharmacy accountability of propofol was associated with a lower incidence of propofol misuse, 10 very little additional information related to training interventions or other prevention strategies exists, including outcomes related to propofol misuse in regions where propofol is listed as a controlled substance, such as South Korea, Alabama, Georgia, and North Dakota."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 1, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 1, 1], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031", "paragraph_index": 31, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Future directions of research involving propofol misuse in medical professionals should address these knowledge gaps."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "An anonymous database of cases to better identify risk factors and outcomes associated with propofol misuse is one possible future direction."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Care to make certain a database such as this maintains confidentiality and would not be reported to authorities or governing bodies would be imperative to limit stigmatization or discouragement from self-presenting for help."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "This database could help provide further insight into propofol misuse and outcomes through larger data analysis, similar to what has previously been done with the Malignant Hyperthermia Hotline."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0031__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "56 Data from this database could be monitored over time to provide a more robust method for measuring success of"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__original__p0032", "paragraph_index": 32, "paragraphing_method": "block", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0032__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Propofol misuse by medical professionals exists and in the literature is most commonly reported in anesthesiologists and CRNAs."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0032__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "As death is a common reported result of propofol misuse, even in medical professionals who have knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the medication, areas for future study should focus on quantifying the significance of this problem and looking for ways to identify potential interventions for at- risk populations."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__original__p0032__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Possible strategies include development of an anonymous database of medical professionals known to misuse propofol or expanding the scope of search to include public records such as from law enforcement, the national death index, or records from licensing agencies relating to suspension or termination due to substance misuse-related issues."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/original_paper_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "original", "turn_id": "triad_2922__original"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0033", "paragraph_index": 33, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0033__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034", "paragraph_index": 34, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We read Burnett et al. ’s scoping review [1] on propofol misuse with immense sympathy for the practitioners, their respective families, mentioned within the review, and everyone else affected but not written about."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "The authors conducted a retrospective scoping review of available literature published from 1986 to 2021 to explore medical practitioners’ characteristics associated with propofol misuse."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "This is an important topic that has significant potential to build understanding and mitigate future risk to health care professionals."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "We thank the authors for illuminating the obscure and for engaging in open dialogue, helping to destigmatize a topic that has historically remained absent from open discussion in the anesthesiology community."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0034__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We wish to contribute to Burnett et al. ’s scoping review how language within the greater medical community can lead to dehumanizing discourses and institutional pressures that may exacerbate, by way of example, propofol misuse."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 2, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [2, 2, 2], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035", "paragraph_index": 35, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Many journals offer the opportunity of submitting 'case reports' or 'case series' for consideration for publication."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Although we fully endorse 'case reports' in advancing medical knowledge, we question the greater discourses of 'cases' to represent people."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "Foucault developed the medical gaze, a concept whereby physicians fit a story into a professional biomedical paradigm while omitting information [2]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Society classifies people based on normative expectations, and individuals who do not conform to these socially constructed normative expectations are discreditable [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "Referring to people as 'cases' is an example of a medical gaze that strips these people of their personal and professional identities, thereby objectifying, discrediting, and reducing the subject; this discursive practice of labeling people—with what society has labeled as a stigmatizing characteristic—as 'cases' renders the subject as discredited [3]."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0035__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Subject objectification is a form of dehumanization, and the use of 'case' to depict any person discredits a person who society has already labeled as discreditable, what Goffman calls stigmatization [3]."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [3, 1, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0036", "paragraph_index": 36, "paragraphing_method": "openai", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0036__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "When it comes to the issue of addiction and/or mental health, we believe it is of paramount importance to avoid the 'othering' that happens through the objectification that arises from the use of such language to really help any person struggling with these illnesses."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0036__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Such 'othering' in this context is, in our opinion, one of the barriers that prevents people from seeking help—whether they are patients we see or the colleagues who too often struggle in silence."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0036__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is time to (re)humanize medicine."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 4, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [4, 4, 4], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0037", "paragraph_index": 37, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0037__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "The purpose of Burnett et al. ’s scoping review was to identify individual characteristics to help (identify) medical practitioners at risk of propofol misuse, an important contribution to the Canadian anesthesiology workforce that until recently has remained obscure and taboo."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0037__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "We would also like to point out that the scope of the literature review encompasses a period of significant changes in practice as well as in training—a rupture in time, the COVID-19 pandemic—illuminating the effects of the stress and strains of the pandemic and how these changes may have significant impact on the authors’ goal."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0037__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We encourage an epistemic shift in how we know and understand characteristics that may potentially lead to propofol misuse and an ontological shift in what we know about propofol misuse, shifting from a medical gaze to a humanizing gaze that is rooted in people’s standpoint."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0037__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "Although other extraneous factors may contribute to propofol misuse and suicide—family stressors, social identity, academic productivity, clinical schedule, workload, etc.—the institutional pressures that are placed on the individuals and the work environment whether supportive or not, inclusive or not, diverse or not, need to be emphasized."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 5, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [5, 5, 5], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038", "paragraph_index": 38, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "Excessive workload and working hours, inflexibility, negative leadership behaviours, lack of equality, diversity and inclusion, poor teamwork, loss of autonomy, limited social supports, and moral distress in dealing with sickness and death are institutionally modifiable factors."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Multiple practitioners feel as though they are a cog in a wheel of austere institutions that are currently more concerned about finances and productivity than compassion [4] for our patients, ourselves, and each other."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "We advocate for solutions that explore these issues and then engage structural and institutional changes that transform systems."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0004", "sentence_n": 4, "text": "One way of transforming systems is through the use of language and the ways in which we have been socialized and encultured in medicine to see those with such illnesses as 'others.' Although unintentional, the use of 'case' in lieu of person dehumanizes a person."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0005", "sentence_n": 5, "text": "We therefore advocate for a reconceptualization of the 'case report' or 'case series' from the greater academic publishing community to a (re)humanizing one."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__critique__p0038__s0006", "sentence_n": 6, "text": "Lest we forget, behind every 'case' is a person with a story."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/critique_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "critique", "turn_id": "triad_2922__critique"}
{"claim_sentence_n": null, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [null, null, null], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__response__p0039", "paragraph_index": 39, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__response__p0039__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "To the Editor,"}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2922__response"}
{"claim_sentence_n": 3, "consensus_status": "", "label_choices": [1, 3, 3], "label_source": "majority_vote_3", "metadata_index": "2922", "paragraph_id": "triad_2922__response__p0040", "paragraph_index": 40, "paragraphing_method": "blank_lines", "sentences": [{"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__response__p0040__s0001", "sentence_n": 1, "text": "We would like to thank Drs Lorello and Hawryluck for their comment [1] on our article titled 'Propofol misuse in medical professions: a scoping review.' [ 2] In their Letter to the Editor, Drs Lorello and Hawryluck presented an important argument for changing medical terminology to recognize that 'cases' are actually real humans with unique personalities, families, and friends. While we used the current medical terminology in our article, the notion of changing the medical lexicon to humanize the 'case report' is valuable."}, {"label": 0, "label_name": "premise", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__response__p0040__s0002", "sentence_n": 2, "text": "Additionally, Drs Lorello and Hawryluck highlighted many institutionally modifiable factors that individual institutions should introspectively evaluate on ways their own intuitions could improve."}, {"label": 1, "label_name": "claim", "sentence_id": "triad_2922__response__p0040__s0003", "sentence_n": 3, "text": "It is our hope that our article and this Letter to the Editor serve to direct the medical community’s attention to the topic of propofol misuse and its significant consequences for our colleagues and friends, and that through increased discussion and exposure we may find ways to prevent harm to them."}], "source_json": "00_data/training/triads/triad_2922/response_final.json", "split": "dev", "triad_id": "W4313204255_W4376132824_W4376132237", "triad_name": "triad_2922", "turn": "response", "turn_id": "triad_2922__response"}