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  1. README +4 -0
  2. dataset_description.json +23 -0
  3. derivatives/.DS_Store +0 -0
  4. derivatives/fmriprep/dataset_description.json +11 -0
  5. derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.bib +340 -0
  6. derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.html +83 -0
  7. derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.md +110 -0
  8. derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.tex +166 -0
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  28. derivatives/fmriprep/sub-S19/anat/sub-S19_desc-preproc_T1w.json +3 -0
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  30. participants.json +22 -0
  31. participants.tsv +21 -0
  32. phenotype/behavioural.tsv +95 -0
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  34. sub-S01/.DS_Store +0 -0
  35. sub-S02/func/sub-S02_task-localizer_events.tsv +81 -0
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  50. task-localizer_bold.json +9 -0
README ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ The Brainomics/Localizer dataset is a subset of the Functional Localizer dataset.
2
+
3
+ For more details have a look at the dataset DOI landing page:
4
+ https://doi.org/10.25720/1ca1-0sfd
dataset_description.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "BIDSVersion": "1.0.2",
3
+ "Name": "Brainomics/Localizer",
4
+ "License": "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International",
5
+ "Authors": [
6
+ "Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos",
7
+ "Vincent Michel",
8
+ "Yannick Schwartza",
9
+ "Philippe Pinel",
10
+ "Antonio Moreno",
11
+ "Denis Le Bihan",
12
+ "Vincent Frouin"
13
+ ],
14
+ "Acknowledgements": "We thank Stanislas Dehaene for his participation to the creation of the Localizer database and Bernadette Martins for helping us navigate through regulatory rules. We thank the Inria-CEA Parietal team and in particular Virgile Fritsch for the Localizer data fetcher in NiLearn.",
15
+ "HowToAcknowledge": "Papadopoulos Orfanos, D., Michel, V., Schwartz, Y., Pinel, P., Moreno, A., Le Bihan, D., & Frouin, V. (2017). The Brainomics/Localizer database. NeuroImage, 144, 309\u2013314. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.052",
16
+ "Funding": [
17
+ "ANR-10-BINF-04"
18
+ ],
19
+ "ReferencesAndLinks": [
20
+ "Papadopoulos Orfanos, D., Michel, V., Schwartz, Y., Pinel, P., Moreno, A., Le Bihan, D., & Frouin, V. (2017). The Brainomics/Localizer database. NeuroImage, 144, 309\u2013314. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.052",
21
+ "Pinel, P., Thirion, B., Meriaux, S., Jobert, A., Serres, J., Le Bihan, D., Poline, J.-B., & Dehaene, S. (2007). Fast reproducible identification and large-scale databasing of individual functional cognitive networks BMC Neurosci., 8 (1) (2007), p. 91, 10.1186/1471-2202-8-91"
22
+ ]
23
+ }
derivatives/.DS_Store ADDED
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derivatives/fmriprep/dataset_description.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "Name": "fMRIPrep - fMRI PREProcessing workflow",
3
+ "BIDSVersion": "1.1.1",
4
+ "PipelineDescription": {
5
+ "Name": "fMRIPrep",
6
+ "Version": "20.0.6",
7
+ "CodeURL": "https://github.com/poldracklab/fmriprep/archive/20.0.6.tar.gz"
8
+ },
9
+ "CodeURL": "https://github.com/poldracklab/fmriprep",
10
+ "HowToAcknowledge": "Please cite our paper (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4), and include the generated citation boilerplate within the Methods section of the text."
11
+ }
derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.bib ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ @article{fmriprep1,
2
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
3
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
4
+ year = {2018},
5
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
6
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
7
+ }
8
+
9
+ @article{fmriprep2,
10
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
11
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
12
+ year = 2018,
13
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
14
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
15
+ journal = {Software}
16
+ }
17
+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ pages = 13,
23
+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
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+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
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+ title = {Nipype},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
262
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
263
+ language = {English},
264
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
265
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
266
+ volume = 8,
267
+ year = 2014
268
+ }
269
+
270
+ @article{lanczos,
271
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
272
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
273
+ issn = {0887-459X},
274
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
275
+ number = 1,
276
+ pages = {76-85},
277
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
278
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
279
+ volume = 1,
280
+ year = 1964
281
+ }
282
+
283
+ @article{compcor,
284
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
285
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
286
+ issn = {1053-8119},
287
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
288
+ number = 1,
289
+ pages = {90-101},
290
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
291
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
292
+ volume = 37,
293
+ year = 2007
294
+ }
295
+
296
+ @article{hcppipelines,
297
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
298
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
299
+ issn = {1053-8119},
300
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
301
+ pages = {105-124},
302
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
303
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
304
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
305
+ volume = 80,
306
+ year = 2013
307
+ }
308
+
309
+ @article{fs_template,
310
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
311
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
312
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 4,
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+ pages = {1181-1196},
315
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
316
+ volume = 53,
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+ year = 2010
318
+ }
319
+
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+ @article{afni,
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+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
323
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
324
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326
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327
+ volume = 10,
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+ }
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333
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
334
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
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+ number = 1,
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+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
338
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
340
+ }
derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.html ADDED
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+ <!DOCTYPE html>
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+ <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="" xml:lang="">
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+ <head>
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+ <meta charset="utf-8" />
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+ <meta name="generator" content="pandoc" />
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes" />
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+ <title>fMRIPrep citation boilerplate</title>
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+ <style type="text/css">
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+ code{white-space: pre-wrap;}
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+ span.smallcaps{font-variant: small-caps;}
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+ span.underline{text-decoration: underline;}
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+ <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js"></script>
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+ <![endif]-->
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+ </head>
18
+ <body>
19
+ <p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
20
+ <dl>
21
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
22
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
23
+ </dd>
24
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
25
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
26
+ </dd>
27
+ </dl>
28
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
29
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
30
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
31
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
32
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
33
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
34
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
35
+ </div>
36
+ <div id="ref-ants">
37
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
38
+ </div>
39
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
40
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
41
+ </div>
42
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
43
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
44
+ </div>
45
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
46
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
47
+ </div>
48
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
49
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
50
+ </div>
51
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
52
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
53
+ </div>
54
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
55
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
56
+ </div>
57
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
58
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
59
+ </div>
60
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
61
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
62
+ </div>
63
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
64
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
65
+ </div>
66
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
67
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
68
+ </div>
69
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
70
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
71
+ </div>
72
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
73
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
74
+ </div>
75
+ <div id="ref-n4">
76
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
77
+ </div>
78
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
79
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
80
+ </div>
81
+ </div>
82
+ </body>
83
+ </html>
derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.md ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
3
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
4
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
5
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
6
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
7
+
8
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
9
+
10
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
11
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
12
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
13
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
14
+ as target template.
15
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
16
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
17
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
18
+ @fsl_fast].
19
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
20
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
21
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
22
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
23
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
24
+
25
+ Functional data preprocessing
26
+
27
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
28
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
29
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
30
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
31
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
32
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
33
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
34
+ cost-function.
35
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
36
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
37
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
38
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
39
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
40
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
41
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
42
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
43
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
44
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
45
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
46
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
47
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
48
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
49
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
50
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
51
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
52
+ three region-wise global signals.
53
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
54
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
55
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
56
+ the whole-brain masks.
57
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
58
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
59
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
60
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
61
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
62
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
63
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
64
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
65
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
66
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
67
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
68
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
69
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
70
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
71
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
72
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
73
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
74
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
75
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
76
+ consideration.
77
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
78
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
79
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
80
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
81
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
82
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
83
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
84
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
85
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
86
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
87
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
88
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
89
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
90
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
91
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
92
+ (FreeSurfer).
93
+
94
+
95
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
96
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
97
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
98
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
99
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
100
+
101
+
102
+ ### Copyright Waiver
103
+
104
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
105
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
106
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
107
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
108
+
109
+ ### References
110
+
derivatives/fmriprep/logs/CITATION.tex ADDED
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1
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+ }
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+ \usepackage{hyperref}
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+ \providecommand{\tightlist}{%
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+ \setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}
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+ \setcounter{secnumdepth}{0}
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+ % Redefines (sub)paragraphs to behave more like sections
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+ \ifx\paragraph\undefined\else
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+ \renewcommand{\paragraph}[1]{\oldparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
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+ \renewcommand{\subparagraph}[1]{\oldsubparagraph{#1}\mbox{}}
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+ \fi
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+
49
+ % set default figure placement to htbp
50
+ \makeatletter
51
+ \def\fps@figure{htbp}
52
+ \makeatother
53
+
54
+ \usepackage[]{natbib}
55
+ \bibliographystyle{plainnat}
56
+
57
+ \date{}
58
+
59
+ \begin{document}
60
+
61
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
62
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
63
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
64
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
65
+
66
+ \begin{description}
67
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
68
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
69
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
70
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
71
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
72
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
73
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
74
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
75
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
76
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
77
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
78
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
79
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
80
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
81
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
82
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
83
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
84
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
85
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
86
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
87
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
88
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
89
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
90
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
91
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
92
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
93
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
94
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
95
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
96
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
97
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
98
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
99
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
100
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
101
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
102
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
103
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
104
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
105
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
106
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
107
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
108
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
109
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
110
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
111
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
112
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
113
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
114
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
115
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
116
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
117
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
118
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
119
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
120
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
121
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
122
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
123
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
124
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
125
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
126
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
127
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
128
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
129
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
130
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
131
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
132
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
133
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
134
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
135
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
136
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
137
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
138
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
139
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
140
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
141
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
142
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
143
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
144
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
145
+ \end{description}
146
+
147
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
148
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
149
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
150
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
151
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
152
+
153
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
154
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
155
+
156
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
157
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
158
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
159
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
160
+
161
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
162
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
163
+
164
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}
165
+
166
+ \end{document}
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36
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+ }
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+
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40
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41
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47
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48
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50
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52
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53
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54
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55
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56
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57
+ <body>
58
+
59
+
60
+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
61
+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
77
+ <noscript>
78
+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
80
+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S01</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
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+ <p class="elem-desc">
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+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
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+ The difference in translation is 0.
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S01/figures/sub-S01_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S01 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 14:16:11 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
517
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
527
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
530
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
532
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
536
+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
538
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
539
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
540
+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
545
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
546
+ issn = {0278-0062},
547
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
548
+ number = 6,
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
550
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
551
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
566
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
576
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
577
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
579
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
580
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
581
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
588
+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
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+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
634
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
635
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
636
+ issn = {0278-0062},
637
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
638
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
640
+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
641
+ volume = 20,
642
+ year = 2001
643
+ }
644
+
645
+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
647
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
648
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
649
+ issn = {1662-5196},
650
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
651
+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
653
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
654
+ volume = 11,
655
+ year = 2017
656
+ }
657
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
669
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ journal = {PLOS ONE},
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+ title = {Characterization and Correction of Geometric Distortions in 814 Diffusion Weighted Images},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ year = 2016
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ volume = {5},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6},
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+ number = {2},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ volume = 17,
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+ pages = {63-72},
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+ title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
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+ volume = 48,
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
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+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ }
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+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ pages = {320-341},
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+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ volume = 64,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
775
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ issn = {0887-459X},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
788
+ @article{compcor,
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+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
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+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
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+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
846
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S02</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06, motion_outlier07</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
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+ <p class="elem-desc">
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+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
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+ The difference in translation is 0.
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S02/figures/sub-S02_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S02 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 15:44:42 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
517
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
527
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
530
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
532
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
536
+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
538
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
539
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
540
+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
545
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
546
+ issn = {0278-0062},
547
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
548
+ number = 6,
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
550
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
551
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
566
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
576
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
577
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
579
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
580
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
581
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
588
+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
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+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
634
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
635
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
636
+ issn = {0278-0062},
637
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
638
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
640
+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
641
+ volume = 20,
642
+ year = 2001
643
+ }
644
+
645
+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
647
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
648
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
649
+ issn = {1662-5196},
650
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
651
+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
653
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
654
+ volume = 11,
655
+ year = 2017
656
+ }
657
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
669
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ issn = {1932-6203},
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+ journal = {PLOS ONE},
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+ title = {Characterization and Correction of Geometric Distortions in 814 Diffusion Weighted Images},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ year = 2016
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ volume = {5},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6},
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+ number = {2},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Bannister, Peter and Brady, Michael and Smith, Stephen},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ title = {Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ volume = 17,
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+ pages = {63-72},
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+ title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
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+ volume = 48,
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
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+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ year = 2015
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+ }
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+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ pages = {320-341},
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+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
752
+ issn = {10538119},
753
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
756
+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ volume = 64,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
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+
775
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ issn = {0887-459X},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
788
+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
846
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S03</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
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+ <p class="elem-desc">
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+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
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+ The difference in translation is 0.
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S03/figures/sub-S03_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S03 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 16:44:59 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
517
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
527
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
530
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
532
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
536
+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
538
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
539
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
540
+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
545
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
546
+ issn = {0278-0062},
547
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
548
+ number = 6,
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
550
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
551
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
566
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
576
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
577
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
579
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
580
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
581
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
588
+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
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+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
634
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
635
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
636
+ issn = {0278-0062},
637
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
638
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
640
+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
641
+ volume = 20,
642
+ year = 2001
643
+ }
644
+
645
+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
647
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
648
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
649
+ issn = {1662-5196},
650
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
651
+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
653
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
654
+ volume = 11,
655
+ year = 2017
656
+ }
657
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ journal = {PLOS ONE},
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+ title = {Characterization and Correction of Geometric Distortions in 814 Diffusion Weighted Images},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ year = 2016
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ volume = {5},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ number = {2},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ volume = 17,
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {63-72},
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+ title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
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+ volume = 48,
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+ year = 2009
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
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+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ }
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
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+ pages = {320-341},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ volume = 64,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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775
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ issn = {0887-459X},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{compcor,
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+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
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+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
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+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
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+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
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+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
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+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
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+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ </pre>
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S04</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, a_comp_cor_100, a_comp_cor_101, a_comp_cor_102, a_comp_cor_103, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S04/figures/sub-S04_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S04 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 17:13:23 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
509
+ year = 2018,
510
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
511
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
512
+ journal = {Software}
513
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
516
+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
518
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
519
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
521
+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
522
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
524
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
541
+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
544
+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.1995.1012},
584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
588
+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {S102},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
598
+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ volume = {62},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ shorttitle = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
624
+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
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+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
661
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ }
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
746
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
760
+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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767
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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780
+ @article{compcor,
781
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
782
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
785
+ number = 1,
786
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
788
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
789
+ volume = 37,
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+ year = 2007
791
+ }
792
+
793
+ @article{hcppipelines,
794
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
800
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
803
+ year = 2013
804
+ }
805
+
806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
815
+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
818
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
819
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
821
+ number = {4-5},
822
+ pages = {171-178},
823
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
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+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
829
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
838
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S05</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S05/figures/sub-S05_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S05 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 17:16:28 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
509
+ year = 2018,
510
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
511
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
512
+ journal = {Software}
513
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
516
+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
518
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
519
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
521
+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
522
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
524
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
541
+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
544
+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.1995.1012},
584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
588
+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {S102},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
598
+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ volume = {62},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ shorttitle = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
624
+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
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+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
661
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
746
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
760
+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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767
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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780
+ @article{compcor,
781
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
782
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
785
+ number = 1,
786
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
788
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
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+ volume = 37,
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+ }
792
+
793
+ @article{hcppipelines,
794
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
800
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
803
+ year = 2013
804
+ }
805
+
806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
815
+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
818
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
819
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
821
+ number = {4-5},
822
+ pages = {171-178},
823
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
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+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
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+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
838
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S06</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, a_comp_cor_100, a_comp_cor_101, a_comp_cor_102, a_comp_cor_103, a_comp_cor_104, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S06/figures/sub-S06_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S06 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 17:19:02 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
509
+ year = 2018,
510
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
511
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
512
+ journal = {Software}
513
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
516
+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
518
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
519
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
521
+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
522
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
524
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
541
+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
544
+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.1995.1012},
584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
588
+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {S102},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
598
+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ volume = {62},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ shorttitle = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
624
+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
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+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
661
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
746
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
760
+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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767
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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780
+ @article{compcor,
781
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
785
+ number = 1,
786
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
788
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
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+ volume = 37,
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+ }
792
+
793
+ @article{hcppipelines,
794
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
800
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
803
+ year = 2013
804
+ }
805
+
806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
815
+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
818
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
819
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
821
+ number = {4-5},
822
+ pages = {171-178},
823
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
824
+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
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+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
838
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S07</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S07/figures/sub-S07_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S07 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 18:03:39 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
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+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
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+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
541
+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
544
+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
546
+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
557
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
561
+
562
+
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
565
+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
567
+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
572
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
575
+ }
576
+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
578
+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
579
+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
580
+ volume = {2},
581
+ issn = {1053-8119},
582
+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
583
+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.1995.1012},
584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
586
+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
588
+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
591
+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
592
+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
598
+ }
599
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
601
+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
604
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
605
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+ pages = {911--922},
608
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+ }
610
+
611
+ @article{ants,
612
+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
613
+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
614
+ issn = {1361-8415},
615
+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
616
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {26-41},
618
+ shorttitle = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation},
619
+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
623
+ }
624
+
625
+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
631
+ pages = {45-57},
632
+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
637
+
638
+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
+
650
+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
651
+ address = {Berlin},
652
+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
653
+ language = {eng},
654
+ school = {Freie Universität},
655
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
656
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
657
+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ }
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {90-101},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
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+ volume = 37,
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+ }
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+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
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+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
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+ year = 2013
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+ }
805
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806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
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+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
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+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
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+ number = {4-5},
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+ pages = {171-178},
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+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
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+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
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+ }
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+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
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+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
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+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
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+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
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+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
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+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S08</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 176x256x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, a_comp_cor_100, a_comp_cor_101, a_comp_cor_102, a_comp_cor_103, a_comp_cor_104, a_comp_cor_105, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S08/figures/sub-S08_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S08 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 18:20:36 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
509
+ year = 2018,
510
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
511
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
512
+ journal = {Software}
513
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
516
+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
518
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
519
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
521
+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
522
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
524
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
541
+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
544
+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.1995.1012},
584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
588
+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {S102},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
598
+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ volume = {62},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ shorttitle = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
624
+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
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+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
661
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
746
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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767
+ @article{lanczos,
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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780
+ @article{compcor,
781
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
785
+ number = 1,
786
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
788
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
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+ volume = 37,
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+ }
792
+
793
+ @article{hcppipelines,
794
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
800
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
803
+ year = 2013
804
+ }
805
+
806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
815
+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
818
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
819
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
821
+ number = {4-5},
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+ pages = {171-178},
823
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
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+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
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+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
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+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
838
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S09</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S09/figures/sub-S09_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S09 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 18:30:55 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
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+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
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+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
505
+
506
+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
508
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
509
+ year = 2018,
510
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
511
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
513
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
517
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
518
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
519
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
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+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
528
+ title = {Nipype},
529
+ year = 2018,
530
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
531
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
532
+ journal = {Software}
533
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
537
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
538
+ issn = {0278-0062},
539
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
540
+ number = 6,
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
542
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
543
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
558
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
566
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
568
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
569
+ number = 2,
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571
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
573
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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584
+ number = {2, Part A},
585
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = {1995},
587
+ pages = {89--101}
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+ }
589
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
597
+ year = 2009
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+ }
599
+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
602
+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
603
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
620
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
621
+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
624
+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
626
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
627
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
628
+ issn = {0278-0062},
629
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
630
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
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633
+ volume = 20,
634
+ year = 2001
635
+ }
636
+
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
639
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
640
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
641
+ issn = {1662-5196},
642
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
643
+ language = {English},
644
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
645
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
646
+ volume = 11,
647
+ year = 2017
648
+ }
649
+
650
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
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+ school = {Freie Universität},
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+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
661
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ year = 2016
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+ }
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ volume = {5},
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+ issn = {1361-8415},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {825-841},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ }
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
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+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
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+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
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+ @article{lanczos,
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+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
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+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
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+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
780
+ @article{compcor,
781
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
785
+ number = 1,
786
+ pages = {90-101},
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+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
788
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
789
+ volume = 37,
790
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+ }
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+
793
+ @article{hcppipelines,
794
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
795
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
796
+ issn = {1053-8119},
797
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
798
+ pages = {105-124},
799
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
800
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
801
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
802
+ volume = 80,
803
+ year = 2013
804
+ }
805
+
806
+ @article{fs_template,
807
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
808
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
809
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
810
+ number = 4,
811
+ pages = {1181-1196},
812
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
813
+ volume = 53,
814
+ year = 2010
815
+ }
816
+
817
+ @article{afni,
818
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
819
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
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+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
821
+ number = {4-5},
822
+ pages = {171-178},
823
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
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+ volume = 10,
825
+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
829
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
830
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
838
+ </pre>
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S10</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02</li>
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+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
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+ <p class="elem-desc">
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+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
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+ The difference in translation is 0.
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S10/figures/sub-S10_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S10 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 11:39:43 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
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+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
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+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-ants">
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+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
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+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
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+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
517
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
527
+ pages = 13,
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+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
530
+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
532
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
536
+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
538
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
539
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
540
+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
545
+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
546
+ issn = {0278-0062},
547
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
548
+ number = 6,
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
550
+ shorttitle = {N4ITK},
551
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ shorttitle = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis},
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+ title = {Cortical Surface-Based Analysis: I. Segmentation and Surface Reconstruction},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811998903950},
566
+ volume = 9,
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+ year = 1999
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+ }
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+ @article{mindboggle,
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+ author = {Klein, Arno and Ghosh, Satrajit S. and Bao, Forrest S. and Giard, Joachim and Häme, Yrjö and Stavsky, Eliezer and Lee, Noah and Rossa, Brian and Reuter, Martin and Neto, Elias Chaibub and Keshavan, Anisha},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
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+ issn = {1553-7358},
576
+ journal = {PLOS Computational Biology},
577
+ number = 2,
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+ pages = {e1005350},
579
+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
580
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005350},
581
+ volume = 13,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ title = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}: {Theory} and {Rationale} for {Its} {Development}: {The} {International} {Consortium} for {Brain} {Mapping} ({ICBM})},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
588
+ volume = {2},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ shorttitle = {A {Probabilistic} {Atlas} of the {Human} {Brain}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5},
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+ volume = {47, Supplement 1},
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+ @article{ants,
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ title = {Symmetric diffeomorphic image registration with cross-correlation: Evaluating automated labeling of elderly and neurodegenerative brain},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841507000606},
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+ volume = 12,
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+ year = 2008
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fsl_fast,
634
+ author = {Zhang, Y. and Brady, M. and Smith, S.},
635
+ doi = {10.1109/42.906424},
636
+ issn = {0278-0062},
637
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
638
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {45-57},
640
+ title = {Segmentation of brain {MR} images through a hidden Markov random field model and the expectation-maximization algorithm},
641
+ volume = 20,
642
+ year = 2001
643
+ }
644
+
645
+
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
647
+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
648
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
649
+ issn = {1662-5196},
650
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
651
+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
653
+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
654
+ volume = 11,
655
+ year = 2017
656
+ }
657
+
658
+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
659
+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
661
+ language = {eng},
662
+ school = {Freie Universität},
663
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
664
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
665
+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
666
+ year = 2014
667
+ }
668
+
669
+ @article{fieldmapless3,
670
+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
671
+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
672
+ issn = {1932-6203},
673
+ journal = {PLOS ONE},
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+ number = 3,
675
+ pages = {e0152472},
676
+ title = {Characterization and Correction of Geometric Distortions in 814 Diffusion Weighted Images},
677
+ url = {http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
678
+ volume = 11,
679
+ year = 2016
680
+ }
681
+
682
+ @article{flirt,
683
+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
684
+ volume = {5},
685
+ issn = {1361-8415},
686
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1361841501000366},
687
+ doi = {10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6},
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+ number = {2},
689
+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
690
+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
691
+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
692
+ year = {2001},
693
+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
694
+ pages = {143--156}
695
+ }
696
+
697
+ @article{mcflirt,
698
+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Bannister, Peter and Brady, Michael and Smith, Stephen},
699
+ doi = {10.1006/nimg.2002.1132},
700
+ issn = {1053-8119},
701
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
702
+ number = 2,
703
+ pages = {825-841},
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+ title = {Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images},
705
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
706
+ volume = 17,
707
+ year = 2002
708
+ }
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+
710
+ @article{bbr,
711
+ author = {Greve, Douglas N and Fischl, Bruce},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060},
713
+ issn = {1095-9572},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
715
+ number = 1,
716
+ pages = {63-72},
717
+ title = {Accurate and robust brain image alignment using boundary-based registration},
718
+ volume = 48,
719
+ year = 2009
720
+ }
721
+
722
+ @article{aroma,
723
+ author = {Pruim, Raimon H. R. and Mennes, Maarten and van Rooij, Daan and Llera, Alberto and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Beckmann, Christian F.},
724
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
725
+ issn = {1053-8119},
726
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
727
+ number = {Supplement C},
728
+ pages = {267-277},
729
+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
730
+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
731
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
732
+ volume = 112,
733
+ year = 2015
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+ }
735
+
736
+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
737
+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
738
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
739
+ issn = {1053-8119},
740
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
741
+ number = {Supplement C},
742
+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
744
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
745
+ volume = 84,
746
+ year = 2014
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+ }
748
+
749
+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
750
+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
752
+ issn = {10538119},
753
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
756
+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
758
+ volume = 64,
759
+ year = 2013
760
+ }
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+
762
+
763
+ @article{nilearn,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
775
+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
782
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
785
+ year = 1964
786
+ }
787
+
788
+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
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+ </div>
849
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851
+ <div id="errors">
852
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
61
+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
77
+ <noscript>
78
+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
80
+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S11</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06, motion_outlier07, motion_outlier08</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
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+ <p class="elem-desc">
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+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
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+ The difference in translation is 0.
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
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+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
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+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
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+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
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+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
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+ confound regression.
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+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S11/figures/sub-S11_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
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+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S11 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
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+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-11 15:31:55 -0400</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ <div id="boilerplate">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
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+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
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+ boilerplate.</p>
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+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
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+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
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+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ </dl>
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+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
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+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
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+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
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+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
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+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
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+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-bbr">
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+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-flirt">
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+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
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+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
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+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
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+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-n4">
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+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
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+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
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+ </div></div></div>
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+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
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+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ year = {2018},
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+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
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+ journal = {Nature Methods}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
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+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
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+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+ @article{n4,
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+ }
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+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ volume = 13,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
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+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mcflirt,
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+ number = {Supplement C},
728
+ pages = {267-277},
729
+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
730
+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
731
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
732
+ volume = 112,
733
+ year = 2015
734
+ }
735
+
736
+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
737
+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
738
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
739
+ issn = {1053-8119},
740
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
741
+ number = {Supplement C},
742
+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
744
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
745
+ volume = 84,
746
+ year = 2014
747
+ }
748
+
749
+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
750
+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
752
+ issn = {10538119},
753
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
756
+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
758
+ volume = 64,
759
+ year = 2013
760
+ }
761
+
762
+
763
+ @article{nilearn,
764
+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
775
+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
782
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
785
+ year = 1964
786
+ }
787
+
788
+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
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+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
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+ <body>
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+
59
+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
61
+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
77
+ <noscript>
78
+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
80
+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S12</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, non_steady_state_outlier00, non_steady_state_outlier01, non_steady_state_outlier02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06, motion_outlier07, motion_outlier08, motion_outlier09, motion_outlier10, motion_outlier11, motion_outlier12, motion_outlier13, motion_outlier14, motion_outlier15, motion_outlier16, motion_outlier17, motion_outlier18, motion_outlier19, motion_outlier20, motion_outlier21, motion_outlier22, motion_outlier23</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 3</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
146
+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
152
+ Problem loading figure sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
153
+ </div>
154
+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
157
+
158
+ </div>
159
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
165
+
166
+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
173
+
174
+ </div>
175
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
181
+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S12/figures/sub-S12_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
194
+ </div>
195
+
196
+ </div>
197
+ </div>
198
+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S12 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-11 16:57:42 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
216
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
220
+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
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+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
514
+ @article{fmriprep2,
515
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
517
+ year = 2018,
518
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
522
+
523
+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
526
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
527
+ pages = 13,
528
+ shorttitle = {Nipype},
529
+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
530
+ volume = 5,
531
+ year = 2011
532
+ }
533
+
534
+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
536
+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
538
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
539
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
540
+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ author = {Tustison, N. J. and Avants, B. B. and Cook, P. A. and Zheng, Y. and Egan, A. and Yushkevich, P. A. and Gee, J. C.},
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+ doi = {10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908},
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+ issn = {0278-0062},
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+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
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+ pages = {1310-1320},
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551
+ title = {N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fs_reconall,
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+ }
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+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ }
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ volume = {2},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ }
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
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+ address = {Berlin},
660
+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
661
+ language = {eng},
662
+ school = {Freie Universität},
663
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
664
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
665
+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ }
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
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739
+ issn = {1053-8119},
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741
+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
748
+
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+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
750
+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
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754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
758
+ volume = 64,
759
+ year = 2013
760
+ }
761
+
762
+
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+ @article{nilearn,
764
+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
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+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
782
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
785
+ year = 1964
786
+ }
787
+
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+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
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+
856
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+ <body>
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+
59
+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
61
+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
77
+ <noscript>
78
+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
80
+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S13</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, a_comp_cor_100, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, non_steady_state_outlier00, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 1</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
144
+ Problem loading figure sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
145
+ </div>
146
+ <div class="elem-filename">
147
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
148
+ </div>
149
+
150
+ </div>
151
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
152
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
153
+ </div>
154
+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
157
+
158
+ </div>
159
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
165
+
166
+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
173
+
174
+ </div>
175
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
177
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
178
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
179
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
180
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
181
+ confound regression.
182
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
183
+ </div>
184
+ <div class="elem-filename">
185
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S13/figures/sub-S13_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
186
+ </div>
187
+
188
+ </div>
189
+ </div>
190
+ <div id="About">
191
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
192
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
193
+ <ul>
194
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
195
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S13 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
196
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 13:47:46 -0400</li>
197
+ </ul>
198
+ </div>
199
+ </div>
200
+ </div>
201
+
202
+ <div id="boilerplate">
203
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
204
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
205
+ boilerplate.</p>
206
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
207
+ <li class="nav-item">
208
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
209
+ </li>
210
+ <li class="nav-item">
211
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
212
+ </li>
213
+ <li class="nav-item">
214
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
215
+ </li>
216
+ </ul>
217
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
218
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
219
+ <dl>
220
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
221
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
222
+ </dd>
223
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
224
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
225
+ </dd>
226
+ </dl>
227
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
228
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
229
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
230
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
231
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
232
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
233
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
234
+ </div>
235
+ <div id="ref-ants">
236
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
237
+ </div>
238
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
239
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
240
+ </div>
241
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
242
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
243
+ </div>
244
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
245
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
246
+ </div>
247
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
248
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
249
+ </div>
250
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
251
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
252
+ </div>
253
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
254
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
255
+ </div>
256
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
257
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
258
+ </div>
259
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
260
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
261
+ </div>
262
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
263
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
264
+ </div>
265
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
266
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
267
+ </div>
268
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
269
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
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+ </div>
271
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
272
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
273
+ </div>
274
+ <div id="ref-n4">
275
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
276
+ </div>
277
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
501
+ year = {2018},
502
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
503
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
504
+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
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+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ }
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+
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+ year = 1997
826
+ }
827
+
828
+ @article{posse_t2s,
829
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
830
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
831
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
832
+ number = 1,
833
+ pages = {87-97},
834
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
835
+ volume = 42,
836
+ year = 1999
837
+ }
838
+ </pre>
839
+ </div>
840
+ </div>
841
+ </div>
842
+
843
+ <div id="errors">
844
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
845
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
846
+ </div>
847
+
848
+
849
+ <script type="text/javascript">
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+ function toggle(id) {
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+ var element = document.getElementById(id);
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+ else
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+ element.style.display = 'block';
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+ }
857
+ </script>
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+ </body>
859
+ </html>
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+ }
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+ </style>
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+ </head>
57
+ <body>
58
+
59
+
60
+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
61
+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
62
+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
63
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
67
+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
70
+ </li>
71
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
72
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
75
+ </div>
76
+ </nav>
77
+ <noscript>
78
+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
79
+ </noscript>
80
+
81
+ <div id="Summary">
82
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
84
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S14</li>
86
+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
96
+ </div>
97
+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
99
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
100
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
101
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
102
+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
107
+
108
+ </ul>
109
+ </div>
110
+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
111
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
112
+ </div>
113
+ <div class="elem-filename">
114
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_dseg.svg</a>
115
+ </div>
116
+
117
+ </div>
118
+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
119
+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
120
+ Problem loading figure sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
121
+ </div>
122
+ <div class="elem-filename">
123
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
124
+ </div>
125
+
126
+ </div>
127
+ </div>
128
+ <div id="Functional">
129
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
130
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
131
+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06, motion_outlier07, motion_outlier08, motion_outlier09, motion_outlier10, motion_outlier11, motion_outlier12, motion_outlier13, motion_outlier14, motion_outlier15, motion_outlier16, motion_outlier17, motion_outlier18, motion_outlier19</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
146
+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
152
+ Problem loading figure sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
153
+ </div>
154
+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
157
+
158
+ </div>
159
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
165
+
166
+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
173
+
174
+ </div>
175
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
181
+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S14/figures/sub-S14_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
194
+ </div>
195
+
196
+ </div>
197
+ </div>
198
+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S14 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 13:47:45 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
216
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
220
+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
224
+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
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+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+
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+
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+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ }
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+ number = 1,
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+ volume = 20,
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+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
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+ address = {Berlin},
660
+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
661
+ language = {eng},
662
+ school = {Freie Universität},
663
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
664
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
665
+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ }
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
694
+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+ @article{mcflirt,
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+ title = {Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images},
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+ }
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+ @article{bbr,
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+ author = {Greve, Douglas N and Fischl, Bruce},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060},
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+ issn = {1095-9572},
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+ }
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+ author = {Pruim, Raimon H. R. and Mennes, Maarten and van Rooij, Daan and Llera, Alberto and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Beckmann, Christian F.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
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+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ year = 2015
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+ }
735
+
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+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
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+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
741
+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
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+ }
748
+
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+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
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751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ pages = {240--256},
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+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
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758
+ volume = 64,
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+ year = 2013
760
+ }
761
+
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+
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+ @article{nilearn,
764
+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
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+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
782
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
786
+ }
787
+
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+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
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+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
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+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
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810
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811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
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819
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821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
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831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
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+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
854
+ </div>
855
+
856
+
857
+ <script type="text/javascript">
858
+ function toggle(id) {
859
+ var element = document.getElementById(id);
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+ if(element.style.display == 'block')
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+ element.style.display = 'none';
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+ else
863
+ element.style.display = 'block';
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+ }
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+ </script>
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+ </body>
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+ <body>
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+
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
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+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
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+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
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+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Subject ID: S15</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
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+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
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+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
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+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
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+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
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+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
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+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
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+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
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+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
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+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_power2, global_signal_derivative1_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06, motion_outlier07, motion_outlier08, motion_outlier09, motion_outlier10, motion_outlier11, motion_outlier12, motion_outlier13, motion_outlier14, motion_outlier15, motion_outlier16</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
152
+ Problem loading figure sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
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+
174
+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
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+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S15/figures/sub-S15_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
194
+ </div>
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+
196
+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S15 --nthreads 8 --omp-nthreads 8 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 13:42:50 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
224
+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
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+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ }
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+ }
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+ pages = {320-341},
743
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+ }
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757
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758
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+ }
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+
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
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766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
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768
+ language = {English},
769
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770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
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773
+ }
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780
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784
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+ }
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790
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791
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795
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796
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797
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799
+ }
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+ @article{hcppipelines,
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805
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807
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+ }
813
+
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815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
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817
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821
+ volume = 53,
822
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823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
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828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
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830
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831
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832
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834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
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843
+ volume = 42,
844
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845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
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855
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857
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+ <body>
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+
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
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+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
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+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
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+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Subject ID: S16</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
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+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
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+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
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+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
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+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
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+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
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+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
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+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
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+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
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+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
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+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
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+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
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+
174
+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
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+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S16/figures/sub-S16_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S16 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 16:04:04 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
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+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ }
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+ }
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+ pages = {320-341},
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+ }
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757
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758
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+ }
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+
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765
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766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
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768
+ language = {English},
769
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770
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773
+ }
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780
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784
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+ }
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790
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791
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795
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796
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797
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799
+ }
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+ @article{hcppipelines,
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805
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+ }
813
+
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+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
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817
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821
+ volume = 53,
822
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823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
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828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
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831
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832
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834
+ }
835
+
836
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837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
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843
+ volume = 42,
844
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845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
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855
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857
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+ <body>
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+
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
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+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
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+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
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+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Subject ID: S17</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
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+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
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+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
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+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
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+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
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+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
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+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
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+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
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+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
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+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
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+
174
+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
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+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S17/figures/sub-S17_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S17 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-13 18:40:28 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
216
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
220
+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
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+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ }
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+ }
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+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
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+ pages = {320-341},
743
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+ }
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757
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758
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nilearn,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
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766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
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768
+ language = {English},
769
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770
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773
+ }
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780
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784
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+ }
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790
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791
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795
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796
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797
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799
+ }
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+ @article{hcppipelines,
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805
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807
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+ }
813
+
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+ @article{fs_template,
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+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
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817
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821
+ volume = 53,
822
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823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
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828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
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831
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832
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834
+ }
835
+
836
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837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
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843
+ volume = 42,
844
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845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
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855
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857
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
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+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
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+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
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+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Subject ID: S18</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
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+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
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+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
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+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
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+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
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+ <li>Output dimensions: 160x240x256</li>
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+ <li>Output voxel size: 1.1mm x 1mm x 1mm</li>
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+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
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+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
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+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
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+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
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+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_power2, csf_derivative1_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_power2, white_matter_derivative1_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_x_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2, motion_outlier00, motion_outlier01, motion_outlier02, motion_outlier03, motion_outlier04, motion_outlier05, motion_outlier06</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
144
+ Problem loading figure sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
147
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
148
+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
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+
174
+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
177
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
178
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
179
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
180
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
181
+ confound regression.
182
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
183
+ </div>
184
+ <div class="elem-filename">
185
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S18/figures/sub-S18_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
186
+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="About">
191
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
192
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
193
+ <ul>
194
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
195
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S18 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
196
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 13:47:46 -0400</li>
197
+ </ul>
198
+ </div>
199
+ </div>
200
+ </div>
201
+
202
+ <div id="boilerplate">
203
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
204
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
205
+ boilerplate.</p>
206
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
207
+ <li class="nav-item">
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+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item">
211
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
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+ </li>
213
+ <li class="nav-item">
214
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
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+ </li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
218
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
219
+ <dl>
220
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
221
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
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+ </dd>
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+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
224
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
225
+ </dd>
226
+ </dl>
227
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
228
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
229
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
230
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
231
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
232
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
233
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
234
+ </div>
235
+ <div id="ref-ants">
236
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
237
+ </div>
238
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
239
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
240
+ </div>
241
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
242
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
243
+ </div>
244
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
245
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
246
+ </div>
247
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
248
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
249
+ </div>
250
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
251
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
252
+ </div>
253
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
254
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
255
+ </div>
256
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
257
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
258
+ </div>
259
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
260
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
261
+ </div>
262
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
263
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
264
+ </div>
265
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
266
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
267
+ </div>
268
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
269
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
270
+ </div>
271
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
272
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
273
+ </div>
274
+ <div id="ref-n4">
275
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
276
+ </div>
277
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
278
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
279
+ </div>
280
+ </div></div></div>
281
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
282
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
283
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
284
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
285
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
286
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
287
+
288
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
289
+
290
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
291
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
292
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
293
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
294
+ as target template.
295
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
296
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
297
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
298
+ @fsl_fast].
299
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
300
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
301
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
302
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
303
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
304
+
305
+ Functional data preprocessing
306
+
307
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
308
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
309
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
310
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
311
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
312
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
313
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
314
+ cost-function.
315
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
316
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
317
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
318
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
319
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
320
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
321
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
322
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
323
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
324
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
325
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
326
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
327
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
328
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
329
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
330
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
331
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
332
+ three region-wise global signals.
333
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
334
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
335
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
336
+ the whole-brain masks.
337
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
338
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
339
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
340
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
341
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
342
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
343
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
344
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
345
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
346
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
347
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
348
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
349
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
350
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
351
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
352
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
353
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
354
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
355
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
356
+ consideration.
357
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
358
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
359
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
360
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
361
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
362
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
363
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
364
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
365
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
366
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
367
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
368
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
369
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
370
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
371
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
372
+ (FreeSurfer).
373
+
374
+
375
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
376
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
377
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
378
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
379
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
380
+
381
+
382
+ ### Copyright Waiver
383
+
384
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
385
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
386
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
387
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
388
+
389
+ ### References
390
+
391
+ </pre>
392
+ </div>
393
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
394
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
395
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
396
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
397
+
398
+ \begin{description}
399
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
400
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
401
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
402
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
403
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
404
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
405
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
406
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
407
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
408
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
409
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
410
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
411
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
412
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
413
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
414
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
415
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
416
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
417
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
418
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
419
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
420
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
421
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
422
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
423
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
424
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
425
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
426
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
427
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
428
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
429
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
430
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
431
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
432
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
433
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
434
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
435
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
436
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
437
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
438
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
439
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
440
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
441
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
442
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
443
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
444
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
445
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
446
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
447
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
448
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
449
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
450
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
451
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
452
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
453
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
454
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
455
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
456
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
457
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
458
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
459
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
460
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
461
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
462
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
463
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
464
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
465
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
466
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
467
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
468
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
469
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
470
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
471
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
472
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
473
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
474
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
475
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
476
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
477
+ \end{description}
478
+
479
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
480
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
481
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
482
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
483
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
484
+
485
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
486
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
487
+
488
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
489
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
490
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
491
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
495
+
496
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
497
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
498
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
499
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
500
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ }
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749
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+ }
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757
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+ }
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+ }
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789
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+ }
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+ }
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+
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{afni,
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819
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820
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821
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824
+ volume = 10,
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826
+ }
827
+
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830
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
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+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
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835
+ volume = 42,
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837
+ }
838
+ </pre>
839
+ </div>
840
+ </div>
841
+ </div>
842
+
843
+ <div id="errors">
844
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
845
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
846
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847
+
848
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849
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850
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+ <head>
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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+ <body>
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+
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
64
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
65
+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
66
+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
68
+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
73
+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
74
+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
85
+ <li>Subject ID: S19</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
87
+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
88
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
90
+ </ul>
91
+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
92
+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
93
+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
94
+ </ul>
95
+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
98
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
108
+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
132
+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, t_comp_cor_04, t_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, a_comp_cor_93, a_comp_cor_94, a_comp_cor_95, a_comp_cor_96, a_comp_cor_97, a_comp_cor_98, a_comp_cor_99, a_comp_cor_100, a_comp_cor_101, a_comp_cor_102, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_y_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_power2, trans_z_derivative1_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_power2, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_y_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_power2, rot_z_derivative1_power2</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
146
+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
152
+ Problem loading figure sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
153
+ </div>
154
+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
157
+
158
+ </div>
159
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
165
+
166
+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
173
+
174
+ </div>
175
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
181
+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S19/figures/sub-S19_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
194
+ </div>
195
+
196
+ </div>
197
+ </div>
198
+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S19 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 13:47:46 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
216
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
220
+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
224
+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
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+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
+ <pre>@article{fmriprep1,
507
+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher and Blair, Ross W and Moodie, Craig and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe Aliaga, Asier and Kent, James and Goncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Snyder, Madeleine and Oya, Hiroyuki and Ghosh, Satrajit and Wright, Jessey and Durnez, Joke and Poldrack, Russell and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof Jacek},
508
+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
509
+ year = {2018},
510
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4},
511
+ journal = {Nature Methods}
512
+ }
513
+
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+ @article{fmriprep2,
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+ author = {Esteban, Oscar and Blair, Ross and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Berleant, Shoshana L. and Moodie, Craig and Ma, Feilong and Isik, Ayse Ilkay and Erramuzpe, Asier and Kent, James D. andGoncalves, Mathias and DuPre, Elizabeth and Sitek, Kevin R. and Gomez, Daniel E. P. and Lurie, Daniel J. and Ye, Zhifang and Poldrack, Russell A. and Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J.},
516
+ title = {fMRIPrep},
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+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.852659},
519
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
520
+ journal = {Software}
521
+ }
522
+
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+ @article{nipype1,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, K. and Burns, C. D. and Madison, C. and Clark, D. and Halchenko, Y. O. and Waskom, M. L. and Ghosh, S.},
525
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2011.00013},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ pages = 13,
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+ title = {Nipype: a flexible, lightweight and extensible neuroimaging data processing framework in Python},
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+ volume = 5,
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+ year = 2011
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{nipype2,
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+ author = {Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J. and Esteban, Oscar and Markiewicz, Christopher J. and Ziegler, Erik and Ellis, David Gage and Notter, Michael Philipp and Jarecka, Dorota and Johnson, Hans and Burns, Christopher and Manhães-Savio, Alexandre and Hamalainen, Carlo and Yvernault, Benjamin and Salo, Taylor and Jordan, Kesshi and Goncalves, Mathias and Waskom, Michael and Clark, Daniel and Wong, Jason and Loney, Fred and Modat, Marc and Dewey, Blake E and Madison, Cindee and Visconti di Oleggio Castello, Matteo and Clark, Michael G. and Dayan, Michael and Clark, Dav and Keshavan, Anisha and Pinsard, Basile and Gramfort, Alexandre and Berleant, Shoshana and Nielson, Dylan M. and Bougacha, Salma and Varoquaux, Gael and Cipollini, Ben and Markello, Ross and Rokem, Ariel and Moloney, Brendan and Halchenko, Yaroslav O. and Wassermann , Demian and Hanke, Michael and Horea, Christian and Kaczmarzyk, Jakub and Gilles de Hollander and DuPre, Elizabeth and Gillman, Ashley and Mordom, David and Buchanan, Colin and Tungaraza, Rosalia and Pauli, Wolfgang M. and Iqbal, Shariq and Sikka, Sharad and Mancini, Matteo and Schwartz, Yannick and Malone, Ian B. and Dubois, Mathieu and Frohlich, Caroline and Welch, David and Forbes, Jessica and Kent, James and Watanabe, Aimi and Cumba, Chad and Huntenburg, Julia M. and Kastman, Erik and Nichols, B. Nolan and Eshaghi, Arman and Ginsburg, Daniel and Schaefer, Alexander and Acland, Benjamin and Giavasis, Steven and Kleesiek, Jens and Erickson, Drew and Küttner, René and Haselgrove, Christian and Correa, Carlos and Ghayoor, Ali and Liem, Franz and Millman, Jarrod and Haehn, Daniel and Lai, Jeff and Zhou, Dale and Blair, Ross and Glatard, Tristan and Renfro, Mandy and Liu, Siqi and Kahn, Ari E. and Pérez-García, Fernando and Triplett, William and Lampe, Leonie and Stadler, Jörg and Kong, Xiang-Zhen and Hallquist, Michael and Chetverikov, Andrey and Salvatore, John and Park, Anne and Poldrack, Russell and Craddock, R. Cameron and Inati, Souheil and Hinds, Oliver and Cooper, Gavin and Perkins, L. Nathan and Marina, Ana and Mattfeld, Aaron and Noel, Maxime and Lukas Snoek and Matsubara, K and Cheung, Brian and Rothmei, Simon and Urchs, Sebastian and Durnez, Joke and Mertz, Fred and Geisler, Daniel and Floren, Andrew and Gerhard, Stephan and Sharp, Paul and Molina-Romero, Miguel and Weinstein, Alejandro and Broderick, William and Saase, Victor and Andberg, Sami Kristian and Harms, Robbert and Schlamp, Kai and Arias, Jaime and Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri and Tarbert, Claire and Tambini, Arielle and De La Vega, Alejandro and Nickson, Thomas and Brett, Matthew and Falkiewicz, Marcel and Podranski, Kornelius and Linkersdörfer, Janosch and Flandin, Guillaume and Ort, Eduard and Shachnev, Dmitry and McNamee, Daniel and Davison, Andrew and Varada, Jan and Schwabacher, Isaac and Pellman, John and Perez-Guevara, Martin and Khanuja, Ranjeet and Pannetier, Nicolas and McDermottroe, Conor and Ghosh, Satrajit},
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+ title = {Nipype},
537
+ year = 2018,
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+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.596855},
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+ publisher = {Zenodo},
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+ journal = {Software}
541
+ }
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+
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+ @article{n4,
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+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
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+ volume = 29,
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+ year = 2010
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+ }
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+
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+ title = {Mindboggling morphometry of human brains},
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+ }
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+ @article{mni152lin,
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+ author = {Mazziotta, John C. and Toga, Arthur W. and Evans, Alan and Fox, Peter and Lancaster, Jack},
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+ volume = {2},
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+ pages = {89--101}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ title = {Unbiased nonlinear average age-appropriate brain templates from birth to adulthood},
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ }
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+ @article{mni152nlin6asym,
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+ author = {Evans, AC and Janke, AL and Collins, DL and Baillet, S},
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ }
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+ author = {Avants, B.B. and Epstein, C.L. and Grossman, M. and Gee, J.C.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ volume = 12,
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+ issn = {0278-0062},
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+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging},
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+ number = 1,
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+ volume = 20,
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+ }
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+ @article{fieldmapless1,
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+ author = {Wang, Sijia and Peterson, Daniel J. and Gatenby, J. C. and Li, Wenbin and Grabowski, Thomas J. and Madhyastha, Tara M.},
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
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+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
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+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
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+ url = {http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fninf.2017.00017/full},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ year = 2017
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+ }
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+
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+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
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+ address = {Berlin},
660
+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
661
+ language = {eng},
662
+ school = {Freie Universität},
663
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
664
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
665
+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ author = {Treiber, Jeffrey Mark and White, Nathan S. and Steed, Tyler Christian and Bartsch, Hauke and Holland, Dominic and Farid, Nikdokht and McDonald, Carrie R. and Carter, Bob S. and Dale, Anders Martin and Chen, Clark C.},
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+ doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0152472},
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+ issn = {1932-6203},
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+ journal = {PLOS ONE},
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+ number = 3,
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+ pages = {e0152472},
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+ volume = 11,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{flirt,
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+ title = {A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images},
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+ doi = {10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6},
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ journal = {Medical Image Analysis},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
694
+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mcflirt,
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ title = {Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images},
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+ volume = 17,
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{bbr,
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+ author = {Greve, Douglas N and Fischl, Bruce},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060},
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+ issn = {1095-9572},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ }
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+ @article{aroma,
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+ author = {Pruim, Raimon H. R. and Mennes, Maarten and van Rooij, Daan and Llera, Alberto and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Beckmann, Christian F.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
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+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ year = 2015
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
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+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
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+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
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+ volume = 84,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
748
+
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+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
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+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {240--256},
756
+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
758
+ volume = 64,
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+ year = 2013
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+ }
761
+
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+
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+ @article{nilearn,
764
+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
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+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
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+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {76-85},
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+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
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+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
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+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{compcor,
789
+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
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+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
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+ year = 2007
799
+ }
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+
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+ @article{hcppipelines,
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+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
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+ volume = 80,
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+ year = 2013
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+ }
813
+
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+ @article{fs_template,
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+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
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819
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821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
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+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
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830
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831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
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+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
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+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
854
+ </div>
855
+
856
+
857
+ <script type="text/javascript">
858
+ function toggle(id) {
859
+ var element = document.getElementById(id);
860
+ if(element.style.display == 'block')
861
+ element.style.display = 'none';
862
+ else
863
+ element.style.display = 'block';
864
+ }
865
+ </script>
866
+ </body>
867
+ </html>
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+ <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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+ <body>
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+
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+
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+ <nav class="navbar fixed-top navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light">
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+ <div class="collapse navbar-collapse">
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+ <ul class="navbar-nav">
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Summary">Summary</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#Anatomical">Anatomical</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item dropdown">
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+ <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" id="navbarFunctional" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" href="#">Functional</a>
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+ <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarFunctional">
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+ <a class="dropdown-item" href="#datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</a>
69
+ </div>
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+ </li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#About">About</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#boilerplate">Methods</a></li>
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+ <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="#errors">Errors</a></li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </nav>
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+ <noscript>
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+ <h1 class="text-danger"> The navigation menu uses Javascript. Without it this report might not work as expected </h1>
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+ </noscript>
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+
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+ <div id="Summary">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Summary</h1>
83
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-summary_suffix-T1w">
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Subject ID: S20</li>
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+ <li>Structural images: 1 T1-weighted </li>
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+ <li>Functional series: 1</li>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
89
+ <li>Task: localizer (1 run)</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ <li>Standard output spaces: MNI152NLin2009cAsym</li>
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+ <li>Non-standard output spaces: </li>
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+ <li>FreeSurfer reconstruction: Not run</li>
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+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Anatomical">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Anatomical</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-conform_extension-['.html']_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="elem-title">Anatomical Conformation</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
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+ <li>Input T1w images: 1</li>
103
+ <li>Output orientation: RAS</li>
104
+ <li>Output dimensions: 192x256x128</li>
105
+ <li>Output voxel size: 1mm x 1mm x 1.2mm</li>
106
+ <li>Discarded images: 0</li>
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+
108
+ </ul>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_suffix-dseg">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and brain tissue segmentation of the T1w</h3><p class="elem-caption">This panel shows the template T1-weighted image (if several T1w images were found), with contours delineating the detected brain mask and brain tissue segmentations.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_dseg.svg" style="width: 100%" />
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_dseg.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_dseg.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-anat_regex_search-True_space-.*_suffix-T1w">
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+ <h3 class="run-title">Spatial normalization of the anatomical T1w reference</h3><p class="elem-desc">Results of nonlinear alignment of the T1w reference one or more template space(s). Hover on the panels with the mouse pointer to transition between both spaces.</p><p class="elem-caption">Spatial normalization of the T1w image to the <code>MNI152NLin2009cAsym</code> template.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg">
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+ Problem loading figure sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
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+ <div class="elem-filename">
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+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_space-MNI152NLin2009cAsym_T1w.svg</a>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ </div>
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+ <div id="Functional">
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+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Functional</h1>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-summary_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
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+ <h2 class="sub-report-group">Reports for: task <span class="bids-entity">localizer</span>.</h2> <h3 class="elem-title">Summary</h3>
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+ <ul class="elem-desc">
133
+ <li>Repetition time (TR): 2.4s</li>
134
+ <li>Phase-encoding (PE) direction: MISSING - Assuming Anterior-Posterior</li>
135
+ <li>Slice timing correction: Not applied</li>
136
+ <li>Susceptibility distortion correction: None</li>
137
+ <li>Registration: FSL <code>flirt</code> with boundary-based registration (BBR) metric - 6 dof</li>
138
+ <li>Confounds collected: csf, csf_derivative1, csf_derivative1_power2, csf_power2, white_matter, white_matter_derivative1, white_matter_derivative1_power2, white_matter_power2, global_signal, global_signal_derivative1, global_signal_derivative1_power2, global_signal_power2, std_dvars, dvars, framewise_displacement, t_comp_cor_00, t_comp_cor_01, t_comp_cor_02, t_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_00, a_comp_cor_01, a_comp_cor_02, a_comp_cor_03, a_comp_cor_04, a_comp_cor_05, a_comp_cor_06, a_comp_cor_07, a_comp_cor_08, a_comp_cor_09, a_comp_cor_10, a_comp_cor_11, a_comp_cor_12, a_comp_cor_13, a_comp_cor_14, a_comp_cor_15, a_comp_cor_16, a_comp_cor_17, a_comp_cor_18, a_comp_cor_19, a_comp_cor_20, a_comp_cor_21, a_comp_cor_22, a_comp_cor_23, a_comp_cor_24, a_comp_cor_25, a_comp_cor_26, a_comp_cor_27, a_comp_cor_28, a_comp_cor_29, a_comp_cor_30, a_comp_cor_31, a_comp_cor_32, a_comp_cor_33, a_comp_cor_34, a_comp_cor_35, a_comp_cor_36, a_comp_cor_37, a_comp_cor_38, a_comp_cor_39, a_comp_cor_40, a_comp_cor_41, a_comp_cor_42, a_comp_cor_43, a_comp_cor_44, a_comp_cor_45, a_comp_cor_46, a_comp_cor_47, a_comp_cor_48, a_comp_cor_49, a_comp_cor_50, a_comp_cor_51, a_comp_cor_52, a_comp_cor_53, a_comp_cor_54, a_comp_cor_55, a_comp_cor_56, a_comp_cor_57, a_comp_cor_58, a_comp_cor_59, a_comp_cor_60, a_comp_cor_61, a_comp_cor_62, a_comp_cor_63, a_comp_cor_64, a_comp_cor_65, a_comp_cor_66, a_comp_cor_67, a_comp_cor_68, a_comp_cor_69, a_comp_cor_70, a_comp_cor_71, a_comp_cor_72, a_comp_cor_73, a_comp_cor_74, a_comp_cor_75, a_comp_cor_76, a_comp_cor_77, a_comp_cor_78, a_comp_cor_79, a_comp_cor_80, a_comp_cor_81, a_comp_cor_82, a_comp_cor_83, a_comp_cor_84, a_comp_cor_85, a_comp_cor_86, a_comp_cor_87, a_comp_cor_88, a_comp_cor_89, a_comp_cor_90, a_comp_cor_91, a_comp_cor_92, cosine00, cosine01, cosine02, trans_x, trans_x_derivative1, trans_x_power2, trans_x_derivative1_power2, trans_y, trans_y_derivative1, trans_y_power2, trans_y_derivative1_power2, trans_z, trans_z_derivative1, trans_z_derivative1_power2, trans_z_power2, rot_x, rot_x_derivative1, rot_x_derivative1_power2, rot_x_power2, rot_y, rot_y_derivative1, rot_y_power2, rot_y_derivative1_power2, rot_z, rot_z_derivative1, rot_z_derivative1_power2, rot_z_power2</li>
139
+ <li>Non-steady-state volumes: 0</li>
140
+ </ul>
141
+ </div>
142
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-validation_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
143
+ <h3 class="elem-title">Note on orientation: qform matrix overwritten</h3>
144
+ <p class="elem-desc">
145
+ The qform has been copied from sform.
146
+ The difference in angle is 0.
147
+ The difference in translation is 0.
148
+ </p>
149
+ </div>
150
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-flirtbbr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
151
+ <h3 class="run-title">Alignment of functional and anatomical MRI data (surface driven)</h3><p class="elem-caption">FSL <code>flirt</code> was used to generate transformations from EPI-space to T1w-space - The white matter mask calculated with FSL <code>fast</code> (brain tissue segmentation) was used for BBR. Note that Nearest Neighbor interpolation is used in the reportlets in order to highlight potential spin-history and other artifacts, whereas final images are resampled using Lanczos interpolation.</p> <object class="svg-reportlet" type="image/svg+xml" data="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg">
152
+ Problem loading figure sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg. If the link below works, please try reloading the report in your browser.</object>
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+ </div>
154
+ <div class="elem-filename">
155
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-flirtbbr_bold.svg</a>
156
+ </div>
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+
158
+ </div>
159
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-rois_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
160
+ <h3 class="run-title">Brain mask and (temporal/anatomical) CompCor ROIs</h3><p class="elem-caption">Brain mask calculated on the BOLD signal (red contour), along with the masks used for a/tCompCor.<br />The aCompCor mask (magenta contour) is a conservative CSF and white-matter mask for extracting physiological and movement confounds. <br />The fCompCor mask (blue contour) contains the top 5% most variable voxels within a heavily-eroded brain-mask.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
161
+ </div>
162
+ <div class="elem-filename">
163
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-rois_bold.svg</a>
164
+ </div>
165
+
166
+ </div>
167
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-compcorvar_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
168
+ <h3 class="run-title">Variance explained by t/aCompCor components</h3><p class="elem-caption">The cumulative variance explained by the first k components of the <em>t/aCompCor</em> decomposition, plotted for all values of <em>k</em>. The number of components that must be included in the model in order to explain some fraction of variance in the decomposition mask can be used as a feature selection criterion for confound regression.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
169
+ </div>
170
+ <div class="elem-filename">
171
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-compcorvar_bold.svg</a>
172
+ </div>
173
+
174
+ </div>
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+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-carpetplot_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
176
+ <h3 class="run-title">BOLD Summary</h3><p class="elem-caption">Summary statistics are plotted, which may reveal trends or artifacts in the BOLD data. Global signals calculated within the whole-brain (GS), within the white-matter (WM) and within cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) show the mean BOLD signal in their corresponding masks. DVARS and FD show the standardized DVARS and framewise-displacement measures for each time point.<br />A carpet plot shows the time series for all voxels within the brain mask. Voxels are grouped into cortical (blue), and subcortical (orange) gray matter, cerebellum (green) and white matter and CSF (red), indicated by the color map on the left-hand side.</p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
177
+ </div>
178
+ <div class="elem-filename">
179
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-carpetplot_bold.svg</a>
180
+ </div>
181
+
182
+ </div>
183
+ <div id="datatype-func_desc-confoundcorr_suffix-bold_task-localizer">
184
+ <h3 class="run-title">Correlations among nuisance regressors</h3><p class="elem-caption">Left: Heatmap summarizing the correlation structure among confound variables.
185
+ (Cosine bases and PCA-derived CompCor components are inherently orthogonal.)
186
+ Right: magnitude of the correlation between each confound time series and the
187
+ mean global signal. Strong correlations might be indicative of partial volume
188
+ effects and can inform decisions about feature orthogonalization prior to
189
+ confound regression.
190
+ </p> <img class="svg-reportlet" src="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" style="width: 100%" />
191
+ </div>
192
+ <div class="elem-filename">
193
+ Get figure file: <a href="./sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg" target="_blank">sub-S20/figures/sub-S20_task-localizer_desc-confoundcorr_bold.svg</a>
194
+ </div>
195
+
196
+ </div>
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+ </div>
198
+ <div id="About">
199
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">About</h1>
200
+ <div id="datatype-anat_desc-about_suffix-T1w">
201
+ <ul>
202
+ <li>fMRIPrep version: 20.0.6</li>
203
+ <li>fMRIPrep command: <code>/usr/local/miniconda/bin/fmriprep /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/raw/ /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/preprocessed/ --fs-license-file /dartfs/rc/lab/D/DBIC/cosanlab/datax/Projects/pinel_localizer/license.txt participant --participant-label sub-S20 --nthreads 16 --omp-nthreads 16 --write-graph --fs-no-reconall --notrack</code></li>
204
+ <li>Date preprocessed: 2020-05-12 16:10:02 -0400</li>
205
+ </ul>
206
+ </div>
207
+ </div>
208
+ </div>
209
+
210
+ <div id="boilerplate">
211
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Methods</h1>
212
+ <p>We kindly ask to report results preprocessed with this tool using the following
213
+ boilerplate.</p>
214
+ <ul class="nav nav-tabs" id="myTab" role="tablist">
215
+ <li class="nav-item">
216
+ <a class="nav-link active" id="HTML-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#HTML" role="tab" aria-controls="HTML" aria-selected="true">HTML</a>
217
+ </li>
218
+ <li class="nav-item">
219
+ <a class="nav-link " id="Markdown-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#Markdown" role="tab" aria-controls="Markdown" aria-selected="false">Markdown</a>
220
+ </li>
221
+ <li class="nav-item">
222
+ <a class="nav-link " id="LaTeX-tab" data-toggle="tab" href="#LaTeX" role="tab" aria-controls="LaTeX" aria-selected="false">LaTeX</a>
223
+ </li>
224
+ </ul>
225
+ <div class="tab-content" id="myTabContent">
226
+ <div class="tab-pane fade active show" id="HTML" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="HTML-tab"><div class="boiler-html"><p>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed using <em>fMRIPrep</em> 20.0.6 (<span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep1">Esteban, Markiewicz, et al. (2018)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="fmriprep2">Esteban, Blair, et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_016216), which is based on <em>Nipype</em> 1.4.2 (<span class="citation" data-cites="nipype1">Gorgolewski et al. (2011)</span>; <span class="citation" data-cites="nipype2">Gorgolewski et al. (2018)</span>; RRID:SCR_002502).</p>
227
+ <dl>
228
+ <dt>Anatomical data preprocessing</dt>
229
+ <dd><p>The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU) with <code>N4BiasFieldCorrection</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="n4">(Tustison et al. 2010)</span>, distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 <span class="citation" data-cites="ants">(Avants et al. 2008, RRID:SCR_004757)</span>, and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a <em>Nipype</em> implementation of the <code>antsBrainExtraction.sh</code> workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using <code>fast</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="fsl_fast">(FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823, Zhang, Brady, and Smith 2001)</span>. Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with <code>antsRegistration</code> (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was selected for spatial normalization: <em>ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c</em> [<span class="citation" data-cites="mni152nlin2009casym">Fonov et al. (2009)</span>, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],</p>
230
+ </dd>
231
+ <dt>Functional data preprocessing</dt>
232
+ <dd><p>For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using <code>flirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="flirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson and Smith 2001)</span> with the boundary-based registration <span class="citation" data-cites="bbr">(Greve and Fischl 2009)</span> cost-function. Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using <code>mcflirt</code> <span class="citation" data-cites="mcflirt">(FSL 5.0.9, Jenkinson et al. 2002)</span>. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as <em>preprocessed BOLD in original space</em>, or just <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>. The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a <em>preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space</em>. First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom methodology of <em>fMRIPrep</em>. Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em>: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their implementations in <em>Nipype</em> <span class="citation" data-cites="power_fd_dvars">(following the definitions by Power et al. 2014)</span>. The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based noise correction <span class="citation" data-cites="compcor">(<em>CompCor</em>, Behzadi et al. 2007)</span>. Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the <em>preprocessed BOLD</em> time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with 128s cut-off) for the two <em>CompCor</em> variants: temporal (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks. For each CompCor decomposition, the <em>k</em> components with the largest singular values are retained, such that the retained components’ time series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and quadratic terms for each <span class="citation" data-cites="confounds_satterthwaite_2013">(Satterthwaite et al. 2013)</span>. Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with <em>a single interpolation step</em> by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using <code>antsApplyTransforms</code> (ANTs), configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels <span class="citation" data-cites="lanczos">(Lanczos 1964)</span>. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using <code>mri_vol2surf</code> (FreeSurfer).</p>
233
+ </dd>
234
+ </dl>
235
+ <p>Many internal operations of <em>fMRIPrep</em> use <em>Nilearn</em> 0.6.2 <span class="citation" data-cites="nilearn">(Abraham et al. 2014, RRID:SCR_001362)</span>, mostly within the functional processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see <a href="https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html" title="FMRIPrep&#39;s documentation">the section corresponding to workflows in <em>fMRIPrep</em>’s documentation</a>.</p>
236
+ <h3 id="copyright-waiver">Copyright Waiver</h3>
237
+ <p>The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into their manuscripts <em>unchanged</em>. It is released under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0</a> license.</p>
238
+ <h3 id="references" class="unnumbered">References</h3>
239
+ <div id="refs" class="references">
240
+ <div id="ref-nilearn">
241
+ <p>Abraham, Alexandre, Fabian Pedregosa, Michael Eickenberg, Philippe Gervais, Andreas Mueller, Jean Kossaifi, Alexandre Gramfort, Bertrand Thirion, and Gael Varoquaux. 2014. “Machine Learning for Neuroimaging with Scikit-Learn.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014</a>.</p>
242
+ </div>
243
+ <div id="ref-ants">
244
+ <p>Avants, B.B., C.L. Epstein, M. Grossman, and J.C. Gee. 2008. “Symmetric Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Cross-Correlation: Evaluating Automated Labeling of Elderly and Neurodegenerative Brain.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 12 (1): 26–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004</a>.</p>
245
+ </div>
246
+ <div id="ref-compcor">
247
+ <p>Behzadi, Yashar, Khaled Restom, Joy Liau, and Thomas T. Liu. 2007. “A Component Based Noise Correction Method (CompCor) for BOLD and Perfusion Based fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 37 (1): 90–101. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042</a>.</p>
248
+ </div>
249
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep2">
250
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Ross Blair, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Shoshana L. Berleant, Craig Moodie, Feilong Ma, Ayse Ilkay Isik, et al. 2018. “FMRIPrep.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.852659</a>.</p>
251
+ </div>
252
+ <div id="ref-fmriprep1">
253
+ <p>Esteban, Oscar, Christopher Markiewicz, Ross W Blair, Craig Moodie, Ayse Ilkay Isik, Asier Erramuzpe Aliaga, James Kent, et al. 2018. “fMRIPrep: A Robust Preprocessing Pipeline for Functional MRI.” <em>Nature Methods</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4</a>.</p>
254
+ </div>
255
+ <div id="ref-mni152nlin2009casym">
256
+ <p>Fonov, VS, AC Evans, RC McKinstry, CR Almli, and DL Collins. 2009. “Unbiased Nonlinear Average Age-Appropriate Brain Templates from Birth to Adulthood.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 47, Supplement 1: S102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(09)70884-5</a>.</p>
257
+ </div>
258
+ <div id="ref-nipype1">
259
+ <p>Gorgolewski, K., C. D. Burns, C. Madison, D. Clark, Y. O. Halchenko, M. L. Waskom, and S. Ghosh. 2011. “Nipype: A Flexible, Lightweight and Extensible Neuroimaging Data Processing Framework in Python.” <em>Frontiers in Neuroinformatics</em> 5: 13. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2011.00013</a>.</p>
260
+ </div>
261
+ <div id="ref-nipype2">
262
+ <p>Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Oscar Esteban, Christopher J. Markiewicz, Erik Ziegler, David Gage Ellis, Michael Philipp Notter, Dorota Jarecka, et al. 2018. “Nipype.” <em>Software</em>. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.596855</a>.</p>
263
+ </div>
264
+ <div id="ref-bbr">
265
+ <p>Greve, Douglas N, and Bruce Fischl. 2009. “Accurate and Robust Brain Image Alignment Using Boundary-Based Registration.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 48 (1): 63–72. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060</a>.</p>
266
+ </div>
267
+ <div id="ref-mcflirt">
268
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, Peter Bannister, Michael Brady, and Stephen Smith. 2002. “Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 17 (2): 825–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1006/nimg.2002.1132</a>.</p>
269
+ </div>
270
+ <div id="ref-flirt">
271
+ <p>Jenkinson, Mark, and Stephen Smith. 2001. “A Global Optimisation Method for Robust Affine Registration of Brain Images.” <em>Medical Image Analysis</em> 5 (2): 143–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/S1361-8415(01)00036-6</a>.</p>
272
+ </div>
273
+ <div id="ref-lanczos">
274
+ <p>Lanczos, C. 1964. “Evaluation of Noisy Data.” <em>Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis</em> 1 (1): 76–85. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1137/0701007</a>.</p>
275
+ </div>
276
+ <div id="ref-power_fd_dvars">
277
+ <p>Power, Jonathan D., Anish Mitra, Timothy O. Laumann, Abraham Z. Snyder, Bradley L. Schlaggar, and Steven E. Petersen. 2014. “Methods to Detect, Characterize, and Remove Motion Artifact in Resting State fMRI.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 84 (Supplement C): 320–41. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048</a>.</p>
278
+ </div>
279
+ <div id="ref-confounds_satterthwaite_2013">
280
+ <p>Satterthwaite, Theodore D., Mark A. Elliott, Raphael T. Gerraty, Kosha Ruparel, James Loughead, Monica E. Calkins, Simon B. Eickhoff, et al. 2013. “An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data.” <em>NeuroImage</em> 64 (1): 240–56. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052</a>.</p>
281
+ </div>
282
+ <div id="ref-n4">
283
+ <p>Tustison, N. J., B. B. Avants, P. A. Cook, Y. Zheng, A. Egan, P. A. Yushkevich, and J. C. Gee. 2010. “N4ITK: Improved N3 Bias Correction.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 29 (6): 1310–20. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2010.2046908</a>.</p>
284
+ </div>
285
+ <div id="ref-fsl_fast">
286
+ <p>Zhang, Y., M. Brady, and S. Smith. 2001. “Segmentation of Brain MR Images Through a Hidden Markov Random Field Model and the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm.” <em>IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging</em> 20 (1): 45–57. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424" class="uri">https://doi.org/10.1109/42.906424</a>.</p>
287
+ </div>
288
+ </div></div></div>
289
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="Markdown" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="Markdown-tab"><pre>
290
+ Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing
291
+ performed using *fMRIPrep* 20.0.6
292
+ (@fmriprep1; @fmriprep2; RRID:SCR_016216),
293
+ which is based on *Nipype* 1.4.2
294
+ (@nipype1; @nipype2; RRID:SCR_002502).
295
+
296
+ Anatomical data preprocessing
297
+
298
+ : The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity (INU)
299
+ with `N4BiasFieldCorrection` [@n4], distributed with ANTs 2.2.0 [@ants, RRID:SCR_004757], and used as T1w-reference throughout the workflow.
300
+ The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with a *Nipype* implementation of
301
+ the `antsBrainExtraction.sh` workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs
302
+ as target template.
303
+ Brain tissue segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF),
304
+ white-matter (WM) and gray-matter (GM) was performed on
305
+ the brain-extracted T1w using `fast` [FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR_002823,
306
+ @fsl_fast].
307
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through
308
+ nonlinear registration with `antsRegistration` (ANTs 2.2.0),
309
+ using brain-extracted versions of both T1w reference and the T1w template.
310
+ The following template was selected for spatial normalization:
311
+ *ICBM 152 Nonlinear Asymmetrical template version 2009c* [@mni152nlin2009casym, RRID:SCR_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym],
312
+
313
+ Functional data preprocessing
314
+
315
+ : For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all
316
+ tasks and sessions), the following preprocessing was performed.
317
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
318
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
319
+ Susceptibility distortion correction (SDC) was omitted.
320
+ The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w reference using
321
+ `flirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @flirt] with the boundary-based registration [@bbr]
322
+ cost-function.
323
+ Co-registration was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account
324
+ for distortions remaining in the BOLD reference.
325
+ Head-motion parameters with respect to the BOLD reference
326
+ (transformation matrices, and six corresponding rotation and translation
327
+ parameters) are estimated before any spatiotemporal filtering using
328
+ `mcflirt` [FSL 5.0.9, @mcflirt].
329
+ The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing correction when applied)
330
+ were resampled onto their original, native space by applying
331
+ the transforms to correct for head-motion.
332
+ These resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as *preprocessed
333
+ BOLD in original space*, or just *preprocessed BOLD*.
334
+ The BOLD time-series were resampled into standard space,
335
+ generating a *preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space*.
336
+ First, a reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated
337
+ using a custom methodology of *fMRIPrep*.
338
+ Several confounding time-series were calculated based on the
339
+ *preprocessed BOLD*: framewise displacement (FD), DVARS and
340
+ three region-wise global signals.
341
+ FD and DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
342
+ implementations in *Nipype* [following the definitions by @power_fd_dvars].
343
+ The three global signals are extracted within the CSF, the WM, and
344
+ the whole-brain masks.
345
+ Additionally, a set of physiological regressors were extracted to
346
+ allow for component-based noise correction [*CompCor*, @compcor].
347
+ Principal components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
348
+ *preprocessed BOLD* time-series (using a discrete cosine filter with
349
+ 128s cut-off) for the two *CompCor* variants: temporal (tCompCor)
350
+ and anatomical (aCompCor).
351
+ tCompCor components are then calculated from the top 5% variable
352
+ voxels within a mask covering the subcortical regions.
353
+ This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily eroding the brain mask,
354
+ which ensures it does not include cortical GM regions.
355
+ For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection of
356
+ the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
357
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
358
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation). Components
359
+ are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
360
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the *k* components with the largest singular
361
+ values are retained, such that the retained components' time series are
362
+ sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the nuisance mask (CSF,
363
+ WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components are dropped from
364
+ consideration.
365
+ The head-motion estimates calculated in the correction step were also
366
+ placed within the corresponding confounds file.
367
+ The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and global
368
+ signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives and
369
+ quadratic terms for each [@confounds_satterthwaite_2013].
370
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
371
+ were annotated as motion outliers.
372
+ All resamplings can be performed with *a single interpolation
373
+ step* by composing all the pertinent transformations (i.e. head-motion
374
+ transform matrices, susceptibility distortion correction when available,
375
+ and co-registrations to anatomical and output spaces).
376
+ Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed using `antsApplyTransforms` (ANTs),
377
+ configured with Lanczos interpolation to minimize the smoothing
378
+ effects of other kernels [@lanczos].
379
+ Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using `mri_vol2surf`
380
+ (FreeSurfer).
381
+
382
+
383
+ Many internal operations of *fMRIPrep* use
384
+ *Nilearn* 0.6.2 [@nilearn, RRID:SCR_001362],
385
+ mostly within the functional processing workflow.
386
+ For more details of the pipeline, see [the section corresponding
387
+ to workflows in *fMRIPrep*'s documentation](https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html "FMRIPrep's documentation").
388
+
389
+
390
+ ### Copyright Waiver
391
+
392
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep
393
+ with the express intention that users should copy and paste this
394
+ text into their manuscripts *unchanged*.
395
+ It is released under the [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) license.
396
+
397
+ ### References
398
+
399
+ </pre>
400
+ </div>
401
+ <div class="tab-pane fade " id="LaTeX" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="LaTeX-tab"><pre>Results included in this manuscript come from preprocessing performed
402
+ using \emph{fMRIPrep} 20.0.6 (\citet{fmriprep1}; \citet{fmriprep2};
403
+ RRID:SCR\_016216), which is based on \emph{Nipype} 1.4.2
404
+ (\citet{nipype1}; \citet{nipype2}; RRID:SCR\_002502).
405
+
406
+ \begin{description}
407
+ \item[Anatomical data preprocessing]
408
+ The T1-weighted (T1w) image was corrected for intensity non-uniformity
409
+ (INU) with \texttt{N4BiasFieldCorrection} \citep{n4}, distributed with
410
+ ANTs 2.2.0 \citep[RRID:SCR\_004757]{ants}, and used as T1w-reference
411
+ throughout the workflow. The T1w-reference was then skull-stripped with
412
+ a \emph{Nipype} implementation of the \texttt{antsBrainExtraction.sh}
413
+ workflow (from ANTs), using OASIS30ANTs as target template. Brain tissue
414
+ segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white-matter (WM) and
415
+ gray-matter (GM) was performed on the brain-extracted T1w using
416
+ \texttt{fast} \citep[FSL 5.0.9, RRID:SCR\_002823,][]{fsl_fast}.
417
+ Volume-based spatial normalization to one standard space
418
+ (MNI152NLin2009cAsym) was performed through nonlinear registration with
419
+ \texttt{antsRegistration} (ANTs 2.2.0), using brain-extracted versions
420
+ of both T1w reference and the T1w template. The following template was
421
+ selected for spatial normalization: \emph{ICBM 152 Nonlinear
422
+ Asymmetrical template version 2009c} {[}\citet{mni152nlin2009casym},
423
+ RRID:SCR\_008796; TemplateFlow ID: MNI152NLin2009cAsym{]},
424
+ \item[Functional data preprocessing]
425
+ For each of the 1 BOLD runs found per subject (across all tasks and
426
+ sessions), the following preprocessing was performed. First, a reference
427
+ volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a custom
428
+ methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Susceptibility distortion correction
429
+ (SDC) was omitted. The BOLD reference was then co-registered to the T1w
430
+ reference using \texttt{flirt} \citep[FSL 5.0.9,][]{flirt} with the
431
+ boundary-based registration \citep{bbr} cost-function. Co-registration
432
+ was configured with nine degrees of freedom to account for distortions
433
+ remaining in the BOLD reference. Head-motion parameters with respect to
434
+ the BOLD reference (transformation matrices, and six corresponding
435
+ rotation and translation parameters) are estimated before any
436
+ spatiotemporal filtering using \texttt{mcflirt} \citep[FSL
437
+ 5.0.9,][]{mcflirt}. The BOLD time-series (including slice-timing
438
+ correction when applied) were resampled onto their original, native
439
+ space by applying the transforms to correct for head-motion. These
440
+ resampled BOLD time-series will be referred to as \emph{preprocessed
441
+ BOLD in original space}, or just \emph{preprocessed BOLD}. The BOLD
442
+ time-series were resampled into standard space, generating a
443
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD run in MNI152NLin2009cAsym space}. First, a
444
+ reference volume and its skull-stripped version were generated using a
445
+ custom methodology of \emph{fMRIPrep}. Several confounding time-series
446
+ were calculated based on the \emph{preprocessed BOLD}: framewise
447
+ displacement (FD), DVARS and three region-wise global signals. FD and
448
+ DVARS are calculated for each functional run, both using their
449
+ implementations in \emph{Nipype} \citep[following the definitions
450
+ by][]{power_fd_dvars}. The three global signals are extracted within the
451
+ CSF, the WM, and the whole-brain masks. Additionally, a set of
452
+ physiological regressors were extracted to allow for component-based
453
+ noise correction \citep[\emph{CompCor},][]{compcor}. Principal
454
+ components are estimated after high-pass filtering the
455
+ \emph{preprocessed BOLD} time-series (using a discrete cosine filter
456
+ with 128s cut-off) for the two \emph{CompCor} variants: temporal
457
+ (tCompCor) and anatomical (aCompCor). tCompCor components are then
458
+ calculated from the top 5\% variable voxels within a mask covering the
459
+ subcortical regions. This subcortical mask is obtained by heavily
460
+ eroding the brain mask, which ensures it does not include cortical GM
461
+ regions. For aCompCor, components are calculated within the intersection
462
+ of the aforementioned mask and the union of CSF and WM masks calculated
463
+ in T1w space, after their projection to the native space of each
464
+ functional run (using the inverse BOLD-to-T1w transformation).
465
+ Components are also calculated separately within the WM and CSF masks.
466
+ For each CompCor decomposition, the \emph{k} components with the largest
467
+ singular values are retained, such that the retained components' time
468
+ series are sufficient to explain 50 percent of variance across the
469
+ nuisance mask (CSF, WM, combined, or temporal). The remaining components
470
+ are dropped from consideration. The head-motion estimates calculated in
471
+ the correction step were also placed within the corresponding confounds
472
+ file. The confound time series derived from head motion estimates and
473
+ global signals were expanded with the inclusion of temporal derivatives
474
+ and quadratic terms for each \citep{confounds_satterthwaite_2013}.
475
+ Frames that exceeded a threshold of 0.5 mm FD or 1.5 standardised DVARS
476
+ were annotated as motion outliers. All resamplings can be performed with
477
+ \emph{a single interpolation step} by composing all the pertinent
478
+ transformations (i.e.~head-motion transform matrices, susceptibility
479
+ distortion correction when available, and co-registrations to anatomical
480
+ and output spaces). Gridded (volumetric) resamplings were performed
481
+ using \texttt{antsApplyTransforms} (ANTs), configured with Lanczos
482
+ interpolation to minimize the smoothing effects of other kernels
483
+ \citep{lanczos}. Non-gridded (surface) resamplings were performed using
484
+ \texttt{mri\_vol2surf} (FreeSurfer).
485
+ \end{description}
486
+
487
+ Many internal operations of \emph{fMRIPrep} use \emph{Nilearn} 0.6.2
488
+ \citep[RRID:SCR\_001362]{nilearn}, mostly within the functional
489
+ processing workflow. For more details of the pipeline, see
490
+ \href{https://fmriprep.readthedocs.io/en/latest/workflows.html}{the
491
+ section corresponding to workflows in \emph{fMRIPrep}'s documentation}.
492
+
493
+ \hypertarget{copyright-waiver}{%
494
+ \subsubsection{Copyright Waiver}\label{copyright-waiver}}
495
+
496
+ The above boilerplate text was automatically generated by fMRIPrep with
497
+ the express intention that users should copy and paste this text into
498
+ their manuscripts \emph{unchanged}. It is released under the
499
+ \href{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}{CC0} license.
500
+
501
+ \hypertarget{references}{%
502
+ \subsubsection{References}\label{references}}
503
+
504
+ \bibliography{/usr/local/miniconda/lib/python3.7/site-packages/fmriprep/data/boilerplate.bib}</pre>
505
+ <h3>Bibliography</h3>
506
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507
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+ title = {{fMRIPrep}: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional {MRI}},
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+ journal = {Software}
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+ }
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+ pages = {89--101}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mni152nlin2009casym,
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+ author = {Fonov, VS and Evans, AC and McKinstry, RC and Almli, CR and Collins, DL},
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+ year = 2009
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+ }
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+ title = {Brain templates and atlases},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.024},
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+ pages = {911--922},
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+ year = 2012
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+ }
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004},
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+ }
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+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2017.00017},
649
+ issn = {1662-5196},
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+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
651
+ language = {English},
652
+ title = {Evaluation of Field Map and Nonlinear Registration Methods for Correction of Susceptibility Artifacts in Diffusion {MRI}},
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+ }
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+ @phdthesis{fieldmapless2,
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+ address = {Berlin},
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+ author = {Huntenburg, Julia M.},
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+ language = {eng},
662
+ school = {Freie Universität},
663
+ title = {Evaluating nonlinear coregistration of {BOLD} {EPI} and T1w images},
664
+ type = {Master's Thesis},
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+ url = {http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002B-1CB5-A},
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{fieldmapless3,
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+ }
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+ urldate = {2018-07-27},
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+ author = {Jenkinson, Mark and Smith, Stephen},
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+ year = {2001},
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+ keywords = {Affine transformation, flirt, fsl, Global optimisation, Multi-resolution search, Multimodal registration, Robustness},
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+ pages = {143--156}
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{mcflirt,
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+ title = {Improved Optimization for the Robust and Accurate Linear Registration and Motion Correction of Brain Images},
705
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811902911328},
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+ volume = 17,
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+ year = 2002
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{bbr,
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+ author = {Greve, Douglas N and Fischl, Bruce},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.060},
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+ issn = {1095-9572},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ }
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+ @article{aroma,
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+ author = {Pruim, Raimon H. R. and Mennes, Maarten and van Rooij, Daan and Llera, Alberto and Buitelaar, Jan K. and Beckmann, Christian F.},
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+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.064},
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+ issn = {1053-8119},
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+ journal = {NeuroImage},
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+ number = {Supplement C},
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+ pages = {267-277},
729
+ shorttitle = {ICA-AROMA},
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+ title = {ICA-{AROMA}: A robust {ICA}-based strategy for removing motion artifacts from fMRI data},
731
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915001822},
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+ volume = 112,
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+ year = 2015
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+ }
735
+
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+ @article{power_fd_dvars,
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+ author = {Power, Jonathan D. and Mitra, Anish and Laumann, Timothy O. and Snyder, Abraham Z. and Schlaggar, Bradley L. and Petersen, Steven E.},
738
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048},
739
+ issn = {1053-8119},
740
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
741
+ number = {Supplement C},
742
+ pages = {320-341},
743
+ title = {Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI},
744
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913009117},
745
+ volume = 84,
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+ year = 2014
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+ }
748
+
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+ @article{confounds_satterthwaite_2013,
750
+ author = {Satterthwaite, Theodore D. and Elliott, Mark A. and Gerraty, Raphael T. and Ruparel, Kosha and Loughead, James and Calkins, Monica E. and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Hakonarson, Hakon and Gur, Ruben C. and Gur, Raquel E. and Wolf, Daniel H.},
751
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.052},
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+ issn = {10538119},
753
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
754
+ number = 1,
755
+ pages = {240--256},
756
+ title = {{An improved framework for confound regression and filtering for control of motion artifact in the preprocessing of resting-state functional connectivity data}},
757
+ url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053811912008609},
758
+ volume = 64,
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+ year = 2013
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+ }
761
+
762
+
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+ @article{nilearn,
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+ author = {Abraham, Alexandre and Pedregosa, Fabian and Eickenberg, Michael and Gervais, Philippe and Mueller, Andreas and Kossaifi, Jean and Gramfort, Alexandre and Thirion, Bertrand and Varoquaux, Gael},
765
+ doi = {10.3389/fninf.2014.00014},
766
+ issn = {1662-5196},
767
+ journal = {Frontiers in Neuroinformatics},
768
+ language = {English},
769
+ title = {Machine learning for neuroimaging with scikit-learn},
770
+ url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2014.00014/full},
771
+ volume = 8,
772
+ year = 2014
773
+ }
774
+
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+ @article{lanczos,
776
+ author = {Lanczos, C.},
777
+ doi = {10.1137/0701007},
778
+ issn = {0887-459X},
779
+ journal = {Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series B Numerical Analysis},
780
+ number = 1,
781
+ pages = {76-85},
782
+ title = {Evaluation of Noisy Data},
783
+ url = {http://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/0701007},
784
+ volume = 1,
785
+ year = 1964
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+ }
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+
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+ @article{compcor,
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+ author = {Behzadi, Yashar and Restom, Khaled and Liau, Joy and Liu, Thomas T.},
790
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.042},
791
+ issn = {1053-8119},
792
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
793
+ number = 1,
794
+ pages = {90-101},
795
+ title = {A component based noise correction method ({CompCor}) for {BOLD} and perfusion based fMRI},
796
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811907003837},
797
+ volume = 37,
798
+ year = 2007
799
+ }
800
+
801
+ @article{hcppipelines,
802
+ author = {Glasser, Matthew F. and Sotiropoulos, Stamatios N. and Wilson, J. Anthony and Coalson, Timothy S. and Fischl, Bruce and Andersson, Jesper L. and Xu, Junqian and Jbabdi, Saad and Webster, Matthew and Polimeni, Jonathan R. and Van Essen, David C. and Jenkinson, Mark},
803
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127},
804
+ issn = {1053-8119},
805
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
806
+ pages = {105-124},
807
+ series = {Mapping the Connectome},
808
+ title = {The minimal preprocessing pipelines for the Human Connectome Project},
809
+ url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811913005053},
810
+ volume = 80,
811
+ year = 2013
812
+ }
813
+
814
+ @article{fs_template,
815
+ author = {Reuter, Martin and Rosas, Herminia Diana and Fischl, Bruce},
816
+ doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.020},
817
+ journal = {NeuroImage},
818
+ number = 4,
819
+ pages = {1181-1196},
820
+ title = {Highly accurate inverse consistent registration: A robust approach},
821
+ volume = 53,
822
+ year = 2010
823
+ }
824
+
825
+ @article{afni,
826
+ author = {Cox, Robert W. and Hyde, James S.},
827
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199706/08)10:4/5<171::AID-NBM453>3.0.CO;2-L},
828
+ journal = {NMR in Biomedicine},
829
+ number = {4-5},
830
+ pages = {171-178},
831
+ title = {Software tools for analysis and visualization of fMRI data},
832
+ volume = 10,
833
+ year = 1997
834
+ }
835
+
836
+ @article{posse_t2s,
837
+ author = {Posse, Stefan and Wiese, Stefan and Gembris, Daniel and Mathiak, Klaus and Kessler, Christoph and Grosse-Ruyken, Maria-Liisa and Elghahwagi, Barbara and Richards, Todd and Dager, Stephen R. and Kiselev, Valerij G.},
838
+ doi = {10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199907)42:1<87::AID-MRM13>3.0.CO;2-O},
839
+ journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine},
840
+ number = 1,
841
+ pages = {87-97},
842
+ title = {Enhancement of {BOLD}-contrast sensitivity by single-shot multi-echo functional {MR} imaging},
843
+ volume = 42,
844
+ year = 1999
845
+ }
846
+ </pre>
847
+ </div>
848
+ </div>
849
+ </div>
850
+
851
+ <div id="errors">
852
+ <h1 class="sub-report-title">Errors</h1>
853
+ <p>No errors to report!</p>
854
+ </div>
855
+
856
+
857
+ <script type="text/javascript">
858
+ function toggle(id) {
859
+ var element = document.getElementById(id);
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+ if(element.style.display == 'block')
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+ else
863
+ element.style.display = 'block';
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+ }
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+ </script>
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+ </body>
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+ </html>
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+ "Description": "Biological sex of the participant",
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+ "Levels": {
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+ "family": {
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+ "Description": "Identifier of the participant's family"
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+ },
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+ "language": {
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+ "Description": "Participant's mother-tongue"
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+ }
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+ S22 50.0 0.310351 n/a n/a False -0.249045 4.0 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.783854 1.5 False False 2.0 0.866667 4.4 300.0 n/a 12.0 False 15.0 7.0 0.666667 20.0 10.0 35.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 4.0 0.695147 50.0 2.0 10.0 0.534809 3.0 28.0 4.0 62.0 45.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 5.0 0.999154 0.471502 False 40.0 False False 3.0 False 0.461929 n/a 10.0 50.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 d 15.0 35.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.977155 False True 1.0 15.0 10.0 0.786574 4.33333 0 6.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.997375 False 0.0 4.0 0.2 3.0 Visages 4.0 80.0 188 n/a 18.0 0.79227 9.20139 5.0 5.0 70.0 10.0 50.0 False True False False 2.5 False 18.0 0.955999 3.0 False
24
+ S23 50.0 0.508968 1.0 1.0 False -0.0350254 2.5 False 3.0 1.0 1.0 10.0 0.871767 1.54545 False True 1.0 0.433333 2.8 800.0 1.0 11.0 False 14.0 5.0 0.5 20.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.800143 15.0 0.0 10.0 0.836741 3.0 23.0 4.0 64.0 44.0 1.0 3.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 2.0 0.992409 0.7681 False 30.0 False True 2.0 False 0.757553 n/a 15.0 40.0 15.0 40.0 60.0 70.0 u 15.0 50.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.855351 False False 1.0 10.0 10.0 0.916341 0.0 n/a 6.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.984198 False 1.0 2.0 0.214286 2.0 n/a 2.0 40.0 323 n/a 9.0 0.911936 6.14583 7.0 2.0 50.0 10.0 200.0 False True True False 2.0 False 17.0 1.14246 2.0 False
25
+ S24 60.0 0.671362 1.0 1.0 False -0.0573619 3.0 False 3.0 1.0 2.0 25.0 0.944763 0.947368 True True 2.0 0.5 3.2 300.0 1.0 19.0 False 18.5 8.0 0.333333 35.0 10.0 75.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 2.0 0.951386 600.0 1.0 9.0 0.887401 3.0 34.0 3.0 57.0 45.0 1.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 0 False 2.0 True 2.0 0.990636 1.00301 False 45.0 False True 1.0 False 0.999262 n/a 10.0 35.0 25.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 u 25.0 70.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 3.0 False 0.0 0.673082 False False 1.0 20.0 20.0 1.08045 0.0 VISAGES -1.0 2.0 30.0 0 n/a False 1.04792 False 2.0 1.5 -0.027027 1.0 LIEUX 3.0 500.0 335 n/a 14.0 1.08431 4.13194 7.0 4.0 90.0 10.0 300.0 False True True True 3.0 False 18.0 1.06108 2.0 False
26
+ S25 50.0 0.688949 1.0 1.0 False -0.0489149 1.0 False 4.0 1.0 1.0 20.0 0.948051 2.0 False True 0.0 0.566667 3.0 500.0 0.0 10.0 False 15.0 8.5 0.666667 40.0 10.0 60.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.875224 800.0 1.0 10.0 0.899136 3.0 40.0 5.0 76.0 35.0 1.0 7.0 0.0 3.0 n/a False 2.0 True 2.0 0.979872 1.04007 False 70.0 False False 2.0 False 1.02544 n/a 15.0 30.0 25.0 50.0 70.0 100.0 u 20.0 60.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.575015 False False 1.0 4.0 15.0 1.00105 3.33333 animaux 10.0 2.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.991503 False 1.0 2.5 0.333333 2.0 n/a 3.0 10.0 9 n/a 6.0 0.997507 7.05556 4.0 3.0 50.0 16.0 6.0 False True False False 1.2 True 20.0 1.09846 3.0 False
27
+ S26 35.0 0.455105 n/a n/a False -0.00552304 1.0 False 2.0 n/a 2.0 5.0 0.96991 2.07692 True True 1.0 0.433333 1.8 240.0 n/a 13.0 True 20.0 12.0 0.25 20.0 10.0 35.0 False 0.2 9.0 3.0 1.0 0.801922 5.0 0.0 10.0 0.964387 3.0 32.0 5.0 64.0 43.0 n/a 4.0 1.0 3.0 dyslexie, pblm de: lecture, inversion de syllabes,dorganisation, emploi du tps False 4.0 True 4.0 0.996225 0.68226 False 10.0 True False 1.0 False 0.677383 n/a 10.0 20.0 17.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 d 15.0 45.0 2.0 True 0.0 True 3.0 False 4.0 True 2.0 0.610165 False False 1.0 6.0 7.0 0.919298 0.0 n/a 14.0 3.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.969552 True 2.0 2.0 0.35 3.0 VISAGES LIEUX 3.0 15.0 347 n/a 6.0 0.913964 6.52083 5.0 3.0 60.0 10.0 4.0 False True True True 1.5 True 27.0 0.830617 3.0 False
28
+ S27 30.0 0.400822 1.0 1.0 False -0.0253511 2.0 False 4.0 1.0 2.0 4.0 0.941145 1.38462 False False 0.0 0.966667 4.2 300.0 1.0 13.0 False 15.5 8.0 0.75 20.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.676112 60.0 1.0 10.0 0.915794 3.0 27.0 4.0 65.0 42.0 1.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.998677 0.60153 False 80.0 False False 3.0 False 0.596588 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 d 20.0 40.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.870445 False True 1.0 15.0 16.0 0.768781 3.0 n/a 5.0 0.0 80.0 0 n/a False 0.993971 False 1.0 1.5 0.16129 1.0 VISAGES 4.0 100.0 331 n/a 8.0 0.770575 6.22917 7.0 4.0 50.0 11.0 100.0 False True False False 2.0 False 18.0 1.06635 2.0 False
29
+ S28 53.0 1.08503 n/a n/a False -0.0193036 4.0 False 3.0 n/a 3.0 15.0 0.918141 1.77778 True False 2.0 0.666667 3.2 600.0 n/a 9.0 False 12.5 8.0 0.583333 20.0 10.0 55.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 1.09877 25.0 2.0 9.0 0.898837 3.0 25.0 4.0 65.0 42.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 5.0 0.99648 1.60522 False 30.0 False False 2.0 False 1.61497 n/a 15.0 25.0 25.0 105.0 76.0 135.0 u 15.0 90.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.814187 False False 1.0 9.0 16.0 1.25582 2.0 n/a 7.0 2.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.987764 False 1.0 1.5 0.28 3.0 VIGAGE 5.0 50.0 294 n/a 18.0 1.25228 6.56944 8.0 5.0 70.0 13.0 50.0 False True False True 12.0 False 16.0 0.81182 2.0 False
30
+ S29 34.0 0.403552 n/a n/a False -0.032888 3.5 False 3.0 n/a 2.0 5.0 0.915869 1.8 False True 2.0 0.433333 3.0 800.0 2.0 10.0 False 14.0 10.0 0.666667 15.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.0 8.0 0.0 3.0 0.737564 500.0 2.0 10.0 0.882981 3.0 33.0 4.0 57.0 42.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 4.0 0.997662 0.613726 False 40.0 False False 2.0 False 0.600651 n/a 10.0 20.0 20.0 35.0 47.0 60.0 d 15.0 35.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.404527 False False 1.0 10.0 15.0 0.84771 0.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.987342 False 1.0 1.5 0.285714 3.0 VISAGES ANIMAUX 4.0 500.0 330 n/a 17.0 0.840613 7.01389 4.0 4.0 1.0 11.0 300.0 False True False False 3.0 False 18.0 1.08016 3.0 False
31
+ S30 60.0 0.46732 n/a n/a False -0.281506 1.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 50.0 0.818848 1.88889 False False 0.0 0.566667 3.6 400.0 n/a 9.0 False 13.0 10.0 0.75 30.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.5 9.0 0.0 3.0 0.757308 70.0 1.0 8.0 0.537342 3.0 25.0 5.0 62.0 42.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.9921 0.72291 False 250.0 False False 2.0 False 0.695564 n/a 15.0 40.0 30.0 90.0 60.0 60.0 u 20.0 40.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.78383 False False 1.0 15.0 15.0 0.864595 3.33333 0 8.0 0.0 50.0 nombre / espace n/a False 0.941167 False 1.0 4.0 0.307692 1.0 Visages 3.0 60.0 177 n/a 6.0 0.863115 8.60417 5.0 2.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 False True False False 1.0 False 17.0 1.05261 3.0 False
32
+ S31 40.0 0.580558 n/a n/a False 0.0131732 2.5 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 5.0 0.967509 1.46154 False True 1.0 0.533333 4.4 800.0 n/a 13.0 False 16.0 11.0 0.666667 20.0 11.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 0.868769 200.0 1.0 10.0 0.980682 3.0 30.0 4.0 63.0 45.0 n/a 4.0 0.0 2.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999827 0.86083 False 600.0 False False 2.0 False 0.864108 n/a 12.0 25.0 18.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 d 14.0 60.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 5.0 False 4.0 False 0.0 0.789305 False False 1.0 7.0 12.0 0.993075 4.0 VISAGE 6.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.00572 False 2.0 3.0 0.1875 2.0 LIEUX 3.0 150.0 295 n/a 11.0 0.99015 6.74306 5.0 4.0 80.0 10.0 300.0 False True True False 2.5 False 19.0 1.33373 2.0 False
33
+ S32 60.0 1.50179 n/a n/a False -0.0628016 0.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 10.0 0.937975 1.57143 False True 0.0 0.833333 3.6 500.0 0.0 14.0 False 18.0 7.0 n/a 40.0 15.0 120.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 1.12305 20.0 0.0 8.0 0.875174 3.0 27.0 4.0 64.0 43.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 1.0 0 False 4.0 True 5.0 0.998799 2.15269 False 60.0 False False 3.0 False 2.23528 n/a 15.0 40.0 30.0 150.0 100.0 150.0 d 30.0 170.0 4.0 False 1.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 0.0 0.866485 False False 1.0 10.0 15.0 1.26973 3.33333 Visages animaux 8.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.994238 False 2.0 2.5 0.222222 1.0 lieux 5.0 150.0 185 n/a 2.0 1.27996 4.5625 5.0 5.0 80.0 14.0 15.0 True True False False 2.0 False 22.0 1.06178 n/a False
34
+ S33 80.0 1.00954 n/a n/a False -0.037087 2.0 False 3.0 n/a 3.0 6.0 0.970922 1.875 True True 1.0 0.733333 2.8 400.0 n/a 8.0 True 11.5 11.0 0.583333 35.0 10.0 90.0 False 0.2 7.0 2.0 4.0 1.07425 30.0 2.0 9.0 0.933835 3.0 32.0 4.0 65.0 42.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 apprentissage lecture False 3.0 True 4.0 0.999484 1.50266 False 80.0 False False 2.0 False 1.5026 n/a 15.0 50.0 25.0 90.0 100.0 110.0 u 25.0 100.0 3.0 True 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.882616 False False 1.0 20.0 15.0 1.22089 3.33333 0 7.0 2.0 100.0 0 n/a True 1.00767 False 1.0 2.0 0.304348 2.0 0 3.0 150.0 216 n/a 12.0 1.22434 6.61111 6.0 4.0 80.0 10.0 70.0 False True False False 2.5 False 15.0 1.04328 1.0 False
35
+ S34 39.0 0.546959 n/a n/a False -0.0169346 3.5 False 2.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.978523 1.77778 False False 2.0 0.766667 3.0 350.0 n/a 9.0 False 12.5 8.0 1.0 29.0 13.0 55.0 False 0.33 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.790664 50.0 2.0 10.0 0.961589 3.0 33.0 4.0 72.0 44.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 timbre de voix False 3.0 True n/a 0.999336 0.808399 False 90.0 False False 2.0 False 0.8141 n/a 13.0 36.0 21.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 d 18.0 60.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 3.0 False 1.0 0.95104 True False 1.0 17.0 13.0 0.897307 1.66667 0 7.0 0.0 40.0 n/a n/a False 1.03377 True 2.0 3.0 0.28 2.0 lieux 2.0 50.0 191 n/a 17.0 0.901132 7.875 4.0 2.0 75.0 16.0 100.0 False True True False 3.0 False 16.0 0.952927 3.0 False
36
+ S35 45.0 0.739662 n/a n/a False -0.0104976 3.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 4.0 0.956899 2.1 True False 1.0 0.533333 2.4 350.0 n/a 10.0 False 15.5 9.0 0.833333 30.0 12.0 50.0 False 0.6 7.0 0.0 1.0 0.966636 30.0 0.0 8.0 0.946401 3.0 32.0 4.0 70.0 43.0 n/a 3.0 0.0 1.0 positionement main gauche False 4.0 True 4.0 0.999391 1.07854 False 8.0 False False 2.0 False 1.10092 n/a 10.0 30.0 30.0 75.0 70.0 80.0 d 15.0 85.0 3.0 False 1.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.814216 True False 1.0 5.0 6.0 1.09427 2.66667 0 11.0 2.0 60.0 0 n/a False 1.02351 True 1.0 4.0 0.354839 1.0 0 4.0 60.0 192 n/a 10.0 1.10169 6.90278 6.0 1.0 50.0 13.0 20.0 True True False False 2.5 False 21.0 0.995345 2.0 False
37
+ S36 24.0 0.373996 n/a n/a False 0.0331708 0.5 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 4.0 0.885147 2.22222 False True 0.0 0.8 2.8 450.0 n/a 9.0 False 14.5 7.0 0.583333 20.0 11.0 39.0 False 0.5 9.0 0.0 3.0 0.668698 167.0 0.0 9.0 0.918318 3.0 28.0 4.0 55.0 43.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 2.0 0.998932 0.556324 False 30.0 False False 3.0 False 0.556659 n/a 13.0 15.0 16.0 35.0 45.0 50.0 u 15.0 41.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.856854 False True 1.0 7.0 11.0 0.768194 3.66667 0 11.0 0.0 45.0 0 n/a False 0.970847 False 1.0 1.0 0.37931 2.0 tout 2.0 30.0 200 n/a 3.0 0.762126 5.50694 5.0 2.0 70.0 12.0 40.0 False True True False 2.5 False 20.0 1.08659 3.0 False
38
+ S37 60.0 1.20749 n/a n/a False 0.00848409 4.0 False 0.0 n/a 3.0 20.0 0.911086 1.33333 False False 2.0 0.733333 3.8 300.0 n/a 9.0 False 10.5 9.0 0.833333 45.0 15.0 85.0 False 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.988676 60.0 2.0 10.0 0.91957 3.0 30.0 4.0 64.0 44.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999972 1.76399 False 45.0 False False 3.0 False 1.79724 n/a 16.0 26.0 30.0 60.0 100.0 150.0 d 25.0 130.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 5.0 False 0.0 False 1.0 0.957402 False True 1.0 15.0 12.0 1.12971 0.0 n/a 3.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.00563 False 2.0 4.0 0.142857 1.0 LIEUX,VISAGE 5.0 35.0 291 n/a 18.0 1.12681 8.63194 7.0 2.0 90.0 13.0 80.0 False True True False 2.5 False 12.0 0.938097 2.0 False
39
+ S38 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 368 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
40
+ S39 50.0 0.621052 n/a n/a False -0.0259647 0.5 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 25.0 0.923161 1.58333 False False 0.0 0.733333 2.8 800.0 n/a 12.0 False 15.5 10.0 0.666667 25.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 4.0 0.840421 110.0 0.0 10.0 0.897196 3.0 30.0 5.0 61.0 41.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 LANGUES False 4.0 True 5.0 0.995976 0.934155 False 50.0 False False 2.0 False 0.924379 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 d 20.0 60.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.947885 True False 1.0 13.0 10.0 0.962968 4.0 0 7.0 0.0 58.0 n/a n/a False 0.950016 False 2.0 4.0 0.225806 1.0 visages, lieux 4.0 100.0 139 n/a 3.0 0.957841 8.68056 4.0 5.0 80.0 10.0 30.0 False True False True 2.0 False 19.0 1.13179 3.0 False
41
+ S40 60.0 0.669262 n/a n/a False -0.120663 3.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 6.0 0.869703 1.26667 False True 2.0 0.85 2.8 400.0 n/a 15.0 False 17.0 6.0 0.75 30.0 12.0 35.0 False 0.29 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.798569 80.0 1.0 10.0 0.74904 3.0 22.0 3.0 61.0 42.0 0.0 7.0 0.0 2.0 0 False 4.0 True 2.0 0.988815 1.03409 False 100.0 False False 1.0 True 0.996137 n/a 15.0 30.0 28.0 50.0 70.0 110.0 d 18.0 45.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.917762 False False 1.0 7.0 18.0 0.923717 3.5 lieux 4.0 0.0 60.0 Chiffres lettres, noms, mots / couleurs, prenoms / gout, toucher, nombres / temps n/a False 1.01591 False 1.0 2.0 0.117647 2.0 Visages 3.0 50.0 197 n/a 14.0 0.910141 5.83333 6.0 2.0 70.0 10.0 90.0 False True False False 2.0 False 19.0 1.1343 2.0 False
42
+ S41 50.0 0.634911 n/a n/a False -0.123459 1.5 False 4.0 n/a 3.0 6.0 0.911603 1.33333 False True 0.0 0.8 5.0 400.0 n/a 12.0 False 14.0 10.0 0.583333 25.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.892371 60.0 1.0 10.0 0.788143 3.0 27.0 3.0 63.0 41.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 2.0 0.994467 0.985329 False 75.0 False False 2.0 False 0.945008 n/a 12.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 80.0 90.0 d 15.0 40.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.910247 False False 1.0 20.0 10.0 1.03135 2.0 n/a 4.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.035 False 1.0 1.0 0.142857 1.0 n/a 4.0 80.0 348 n/a 7.0 1.01705 5.29861 7.0 4.0 40.0 11.0 50.0 False True True False 3.0 False 16.0 0.979685 2.0 False
43
+ S42 70.0 0.971599 n/a n/a False -0.0145183 3.0 False 3.0 n/a 3.0 20.0 0.93927 1.83333 False False 1.0 0.9 3.4 500.0 n/a 12.0 False 17.0 10.0 0.666667 30.0 15.0 77.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.955744 50.0 1.0 10.0 0.924752 3.0 32.0 4.0 65.0 44.0 2.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 True 4.0 True 4.0 0.99983 1.46297 False 250.0 False False 3.0 False 1.44614 n/a 15.0 40.0 20.0 70.0 90.0 130.0 d 25.0 80.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.893647 False False 1.0 15.0 15.0 1.09782 2.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 70.0 0 n/a False 1.01353 False 2.0 2.0 0.294118 3.0 VISAGE, LIEUX,PHYSIONOMIE 5.0 130.0 324 n/a 12.0 1.08928 6.53472 9.0 4.0 65.0 11.0 50.0 False True False False 4.0 False 22.0 1.00161 2.0 False
44
+ S43 50.0 0.444483 n/a n/a False -0.0592845 2.5 False 3.0 n/a 2.0 35.0 0.889422 1.91667 False False 2.0 0.933333 3.2 600.0 n/a 12.0 False 17.5 7.0 0.916667 25.0 15.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.608799 40.0 1.0 10.0 0.830138 3.0 22.0 4.0 68.0 43.0 n/a 9.0 1.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 3.0 0.988576 0.669578 False 100.0 False False 2.0 False 0.661573 n/a 20.0 50.0 25.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 u 25.0 50.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 0.0 0.8933 False False 1.0 12.0 18.0 0.692751 3.0 VISAGES 11.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.988251 False 2.0 3.0 0.314286 1.0 LIEUX 5.0 40.0 349 n/a 13.0 0.693858 7.93056 6.0 4.0 60.0 12.0 25.0 False True False True 2.5 False 23.0 0.986973 3.0 False
45
+ S44 60.0 1.05413 n/a n/a False -0.0291271 5.0 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 10.0 0.913654 1.07692 False True 2.0 0.666667 2.4 600.0 n/a 13.0 False 13.5 10.0 0.833333 50.0 15.0 65.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.863541 20.0 2.0 7.0 0.884527 3.0 25.0 5.0 55.0 42.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 2.0 0.99285 1.59484 False 100.0 False True 2.0 True 1.56897 n/a 25.0 40.0 25.0 78.0 115.0 150.0 u 30.0 85.0 3.0 False 1.0 True 2.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.6925 False False 1.0 6.0 15.0 0.99406 0.0 n/a 1.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.920358 False 2.0 1.5 0.037037 3.0 VISAGE ET LIEUX 2.0 15.0 293 n/a 20.0 0.984191 6.73611 6.0 1.0 80.0 13.0 6.0 False True False False 3.0 False 14.0 0.943294 3.0 False
46
+ S45 30.0 0.287899 n/a n/a False -0.0142111 1.5 False 4.0 n/a 3.0 30.0 0.89745 2.4 False True 1.0 0.733333 3.4 600.0 n/a 10.0 False 17.0 6.0 0.583333 20.0 6.0 20.0 False 0.25 9.0 0.0 3.0 0.706925 80.0 1.0 9.0 0.883239 3.0 27.0 5.0 70.0 45.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.992768 0.419834 False 30.0 False False 2.0 False 0.428512 n/a 12.0 25.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 40.0 u 12.0 40.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.912762 False False 1.0 8.0 12.0 0.796829 3.33333 0 14.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.977134 False 2.0 2.5 0.411765 1.0 lieux 3.0 60.0 170 n/a 9.0 0.805694 7.23611 6.0 3.0 50.0 10.0 100.0 False True False False 3.0 False 24.0 1.04265 4.0 False
47
+ S46 50.0 0.719223 n/a n/a False -0.0376729 3.0 False 2.0 n/a 1.0 150.0 0.917437 1.69231 True True 2.0 0.733333 2.6 400.0 n/a 13.0 False 17.5 6.0 0.5 25.0 15.0 80.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.927479 40.0 1.0 10.0 0.879764 3.0 30.0 5.0 52.0 40.0 0.0 8.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.994182 1.05988 False 200.0 False False 2.0 False 1.0705 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 70.0 65.0 80.0 d 20.0 75.0 1.0 False 0.0 True 4.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.743006 False False 1.0 20.0 13.0 1.05708 1.0 FLEURS 9.0 2.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.919182 False 2.0 2.5 0.257143 1.0 VISAGES LIEUX 4.0 150.0 337 n/a 14.0 1.05706 7.20833 6.0 4.0 80.0 15.0 100.0 False True True True 3.0 False 22.0 0.976954 2.0 False
48
+ S47 50.0 0.747239 n/a n/a False -0.0657451 4.0 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 n/a 0.91669 1.81818 False True 2.0 0.533333 3.6 n/a n/a 11.0 False 15.5 n/a 0.916667 25.0 12.0 45.0 False 0.0 6.0 0.0 2.0 0.839307 n/a 2.0 10.0 0.850945 3.0 30.0 4.0 60.0 45.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 2.0 0.999447 1.11427 False n/a False False 3.0 False 1.1122 n/a 18.0 40.0 30.0 45.0 100.0 90.0 d 20.0 80.0 1.0 False 2.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 n/a False False 1.0 n/a n/a 0.95479 2.66667 0 9.0 0.0 n/a n/a n/a False 0.997244 False 1.0 2.5 0.290323 2.0 0 4.0 n/a 218 n/a 18.0 0.956572 7.24306 9.0 4.0 n/a 10.0 n/a False True False False n/a False 20.0 n/a 3.0 False
49
+ S48 30.0 0.507131 n/a n/a False -0.00956098 0.5 False 2.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.939729 2.77778 False True 0.0 0.733333 4.0 500.0 n/a 9.0 False 17.0 7.0 0.833333 20.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.824241 40.0 1.0 10.0 0.930168 3.0 30.0 5.0 65.0 43.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 2.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.996104 0.752623 False 20.0 False False 2.0 True 0.754819 n/a 10.0 20.0 15.0 30.0 50.0 70.0 d 15.0 50.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.917877 False False 1.0 15.0 7.0 0.943009 2.33333 lieux 16.0 0.0 52.0 n/a n/a False 0.96704 False 0.0 0.0 0.470588 1.0 Visages 4.0 70.0 168 n/a 5.0 0.9394 4.09028 7.0 5.0 50.0 13.0 30.0 False True True False 3.0 False 25.0 0.966885 2.0 False
50
+ S49 30.0 0.329163 n/a n/a False -0.0534856 2.0 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 7.0 0.781903 2.09091 False False 1.0 0.8 3.0 400.0 n/a 11.0 True 17.0 10.0 0.833333 20.0 10.0 25.0 False 0.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 0.616801 30.0 2.0 9.0 0.728418 3.0 27.0 4.0 62.0 42.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 APPRENTISSAGE LECTURE / DYSLEXIE False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999214 0.50128 False 50.0 False False 2.0 False 0.489929 n/a 10.0 20.0 30.0 25.0 50.0 55.0 u 20.0 35.0 2.0 True 0.0 True 1.0 True 3.0 True 2.0 0.942988 False False 1.0 8.0 10.0 0.704073 3.0 0 12.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a True 0.985763 True 1.0 3.5 0.352941 2.0 Visages 3.0 100.0 171 n/a 12.0 0.702978 8.17361 5.0 4.0 45.0 10.0 60.0 False True False False 1.2 False 23.0 1.1189 2.0 False
51
+ S50 60.0 0.801137 n/a n/a False -0.0291117 0.5 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 50.0 0.98375 1.66667 False True 0.5 0.666667 2.6 n/a n/a 9.0 False 12.0 10.0 0.666667 40.0 15.0 80.0 False 0.25 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.826063 60.0 0.0 10.0 0.954638 3.0 25.0 5.0 63.0 43.0 n/a 7.0 1.0 3.0 n/a False 4.0 True 3.0 0.991647 1.16622 False 30.0 False False 2.0 False 1.19242 n/a 20.0 50.0 30.0 70.0 80.0 95.0 u 27.0 100.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 0.0 n/a False False 1.0 8.0 12.5 0.933209 3.33333 visage 6.0 0.0 70.0 n/a n/a False 0.946907 False 1.0 1.5 0.25 1.0 n/a 3.0 150.0 117 n/a 4.0 0.941477 6.13889 4.0 3.0 75.0 10.0 250.0 False False True True 1.5 False 15.0 n/a 2.0 False
52
+ S51 120.0 0.902599 n/a n/a False -0.231889 4.0 False 3.0 n/a 2.0 10.0 0.752758 1.71429 False True 1.0 0.833333 2.6 700.0 n/a 7.0 False 9.5 7.0 0.833333 50.0 17.0 54.0 False 0.17 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.812932 30.0 2.0 10.0 0.520869 3.0 30.0 4.0 60.0 40.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 2.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999712 1.25798 False 200.0 False False 2.0 False 1.34344 n/a 20.0 80.0 42.0 120.0 50.0 90.0 d 30.0 160.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.89375 False False 1.0 10.0 18.0 0.90344 2.66667 0 5.0 0.0 40.0 n/a n/a False 0.982427 False 1.0 1.5 0.263158 2.0 0 2.0 100.0 173 n/a 16.0 0.926512 5.69444 8.0 3.0 60.0 11.0 115.0 False True True False 2.0 False 12.0 1.1715 3.0 False
53
+ S52 55.0 0.87824 n/a n/a False -0.00832569 2.0 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.971116 1.77778 True True 1.0 0.766667 2.6 400.0 n/a 9.0 False 12.5 7.0 0.5 35.0 10.0 75.0 False 0.0 8.0 0.0 2.0 1.0228 75.0 1.0 7.0 0.96279 3.0 25.0 4.0 61.0 42.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 1.0 0 False 4.0 True 1.0 0.997485 1.29562 False 150.0 False False 1.0 True 1.30718 n/a 12.0 30.0 25.0 80.0 80.0 100.0 u 25.0 90.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.855701 False False 1.0 20.0 12.0 1.16281 3.66667 0 7.0 2.0 60.0 0 n/a False 0.976732 False 1.0 2.0 0.28 2.0 Visages 3.0 100.0 206 n/a 10.0 1.1657 4.66667 4.0 5.0 60.0 10.0 15.0 False True False False 2.0 False 16.0 1.02892 2.0 False
54
+ S53 57.0 0.721953 1.0 1.0 False -0.038159 2.0 False 3.0 1.0 2.0 21.0 0.949123 2.0 False True 1.0 0.6 2.0 400.0 1.0 10.0 False 15.0 7.0 0.666667 18.0 8.0 47.0 False 0.5 10.0 0.0 2.0 1.04459 500.0 2.0 9.0 0.910964 3.0 25.0 4.0 53.0 34.0 1.0 8.0 0.0 3.0 "confusion entre ""p""et""b"",""a"" et""d"",""v""et""f"" a9ans pendant3-4mois " True 2.0 False 3.0 0.999318 1.09054 False 40.0 False False 2.0 False 1.07456 n/a 11.0 36.0 22.0 52.0 78.0 89.0 u 13.0 61.0 2.0 False 1.0 True 6.0 True 3.0 False 1.0 0.727899 False False 1.0 9.0 17.0 1.19193 0.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 0.92573 True 1.0 1.5 0.333333 1.0 n/a 4.0 60.0 299 n/a 12.0 1.19054 6.53472 5.0 4.0 70.0 12.0 12.0 False True False False 1.8 False 20.0 1.04877 3.0 False
55
+ S54 38.0 0.383918 n/a 0.0 False -0.103711 1.0 False 3.0 n/a 3.0 5.0 0.86639 1.8 True True 1.0 0.666667 2.8 300.0 n/a 10.0 False 14.0 12.0 0.75 20.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.33 8.0 1.0 3.0 0.731965 10.0 1.0 9.0 0.76268 3.0 30.0 4.0 64.0 42.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 2.0 DYSORTHOGRAPHIE DYSLEXIE False 3.0 True 2.0 0.999901 0.594111 False 20.0 False False 2.0 False 0.571427 n/a 10.0 25.0 15.0 25.0 50.0 60.0 u 12.0 30.0 4.0 True 0.0 True 1.0 True 4.0 True 2.0 0.799681 False False 0.0 4.0 8.0 0.846727 3.0 noms 8.0 2.0 45.0 n/a n/a False 0.999775 True 1.0 1.5 0.285714 1.0 Visages 2.0 12.0 179 n/a 6.0 0.834232 4.625 12.0 2.0 40.0 10.0 50.0 False True True False 1.5 False 18.0 0.95225 3.0 False
56
+ S55 38.0 0.351037 n/a n/a False -0.0959172 2.5 False 2.0 n/a 2.0 15.0 0.874188 1.4 True True 2.0 0.53 2.6 500.0 n/a 10.0 False 12.0 8.0 0.5 19.0 9.0 25.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.670693 75.0 1.0 7.0 0.778271 3.0 28.0 4.0 75.0 45.0 n/a 5.0 1.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 1.0 0.997022 0.542072 False 35.0 False False 1.0 True 0.522487 n/a 13.0 27.0 20.0 39.0 45.0 57.0 d 15.0 29.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 3.0 False 1.0 0.969419 False False 1.0 10.0 13.0 0.771524 2.0 n/a 4.0 3.0 45.0 0 n/a False 1.03044 False 2.0 3.0 0.166667 3.0 LIEUX 2.0 50.0 297 n/a 13.0 0.764399 7.08333 6.0 1.0 55.0 10.0 75.0 False True True False 2.5 True 14.0 1.02732 2.0 False
57
+ S56 50.0 0.728235 1.0 1.0 False -0.0200327 2.5 False 3.0 1.0 2.0 13.0 0.958526 1.55556 False False 1.0 0.7 3.0 450.0 1.0 9.0 False 11.5 9.0 0.666667 30.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 8.0 0.0 2.0 0.891965 35.0 2.0 9.0 0.938493 3.0 32.0 5.0 62.0 44.0 1.0 6.0 0.0 3.0 zozottement False 3.0 True 4.0 0.996171 1.08598 False 45.0 False False 2.0 False 1.08391 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 70.0 100.0 d 20.0 70.0 0.0 False 1.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.976141 True False 1.0 13.0 14.0 1.02026 2.66667 n/a 5.0 0.0 45.0 0 n/a False 0.966929 True 1.0 1.0 0.217391 1.0 visage 3.0 75.0 39 n/a 13.0 1.01659 6.15972 5.0 3.0 80.0 13.0 35.0 False True True True 3.0 False 14.0 0.967209 2.0 False
58
+ S57 45.0 0.543197 n/a n/a False -0.036005 0.5 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.969654 2.0 False False 0.0 0.766667 2.4 700.0 n/a 9.0 False 13.5 6.5 0.583333 30.0 10.0 60.0 False 0.13 10.0 0.0 1.0 0.817328 30.0 1.0 10.0 0.933649 3.0 25.0 4.0 60.0 45.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 4.0 0.996329 0.804771 False 50.0 False False 2.0 False 0.8085 n/a 15.0 30.0 25.0 50.0 55.0 70.0 d 17.0 60.0 1.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.930744 False False 0.0 10.0 15.0 0.927787 2.33333 0 9.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.98254 False 2.0 3.0 0.333333 2.0 visages, lieux 4.0 25.0 181 n/a 3.0 0.931521 7.61111 4.0 2.0 80.0 12.0 80.0 False True True False 1.2 False 18.0 1.14636 3.0 False
59
+ S58 49.0 0.482002 n/a n/a False -0.0484288 1.5 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 10.0 0.95826 2.5 False False 1.0 0.933333 4.2 450.0 n/a 8.0 False 14.0 6.0 0.833333 30.0 10.0 50.0 False 0.2 9.0 0.0 4.0 0.770706 30.0 1.0 9.0 0.909831 3.0 35.0 4.0 62.0 45.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.997881 0.72737 False 50.0 False False 3.0 False 0.717416 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 55.0 65.0 u 20.0 50.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 4.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.950643 False True 1.0 14.0 12.0 0.880939 4.33333 0 12.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.01537 False 1.0 3.0 0.428571 2.0 0 4.0 30.0 201 n/a 9.0 0.878385 8.06944 4.0 4.0 100.0 10.0 40.0 False True True False 2.5 False 20.0 1.01326 3.0 False
60
+ S59 80.0 1.21402 n/a n/a False -0.0345568 0.0 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 15.0 0.975677 1.46154 False False 1.0 0.6 4.2 400.0 n/a 13.0 False 16.0 8.0 0.583333 40.0 10.0 100.0 False 0.0 8.0 0.0 4.0 1.14589 100.0 0.0 8.0 0.94112 3.0 35.0 5.0 60.0 40.0 n/a 4.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.992796 1.81669 False 50.0 False False 3.0 False 1.80695 n/a 15.0 40.0 30.0 100.0 100.0 150.0 d 20.0 100.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 3.0 False 1.0 0.748922 False False 0.0 20.0 100.0 1.30699 3.5 0 6.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.956471 False 1.0 3.0 0.1875 3.0 0 3.5 60.0 203 n/a 2.0 1.30599 7.65278 n/a 4.0 100.0 15.0 30.0 False True True False 5.0 False 19.0 0.806267 2.0 False
61
+ S60 45.0 0.705189 1.0 1.0 False -0.0101898 0.0 False 3.0 1.0 1.0 7.0 0.974984 1.55556 False False 0.0 0.933333 3.6 380.0 1.0 9.0 False 11.5 8.5 0.416667 30.0 12.0 55.0 False 0.333333 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.828774 10.0 0.0 9.0 0.964794 3.0 30.0 5.0 64.0 45.0 1.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 n/a False 4.0 True 2.0 0.996178 1.04281 False 20.0 False n/a 3.0 False 1.04961 n/a 15.0 35.0 30.0 50.0 75.0 95.0 d 25.0 75.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.680142 False False 0.0 12.0 12.0 0.939798 3.0 lieux 5.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.970066 False 0.0 2.5 0.217391 1.0 visage 3.0 40.0 132 n/a 0.0 0.944566 5.28472 7.0 5.0 50.0 12.0 10.0 False True True False 7.0 False 14.0 0.738193 2.0 False
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+ S61 30.0 0.420859 n/a n/a False -0.0346947 1.0 False 3.0 n/a 3.0 17.5 0.946556 2.45455 False False 2.0 0.5 3.4 400.0 n/a 11.0 False 19.0 8.0 0.833333 20.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.666667 9.0 0.0 2.0 0.753665 100.0 1.0 8.0 0.911862 3.0 29.0 3.0 60.0 45.0 n/a 1.0 1.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 3.0 0.994075 0.603338 False 40.0 False False 1.0 False 0.626411 n/a 10.0 20.0 15.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 u 15.0 60.0 1.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 3.0 False 0.0 0.853415 False False 1.0 10.0 15.0 0.854203 2.5 physionomie 16.0 0.0 52.0 n/a n/a False 1.044 False 2.0 4.0 0.421053 2.0 lieux 3.0 25.0 199 n/a 10.0 0.858964 8.25694 9.0 3.0 50.0 11.0 200.0 False True False False 2.0 False 27.0 1.02602 3.0 False
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+ S62 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 367 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
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+ S63 40.0 0.710036 1.0 1.0 False -0.00756445 1.0 False 4.0 1.0 3.0 5.0 0.952403 1.85714 False True 0.0 0.833333 2.4 1000.0 1.0 7.0 False 10.0 8.0 0.583333 25.0 10.0 60.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 2.0 0.912774 800.0 1.0 10.0 0.944839 3.0 25.0 3.5 60.0 42.0 1.0 9.0 0.0 2.0 0 False 2.0 True 1.0 0.997006 1.03295 False 400.0 False True 2.0 False 1.05682 n/a 15.0 25.0 20.0 70.0 60.0 80.0 u 20.0 80.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.235942 False False 0.0 4.0 8.0 1.03665 3.0 LIEUX 6.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.996833 False 0.0 1.0 0.3 1.0 VISAGES 2.0 200.0 325 n/a 4.0 1.0403 3.75694 11.0 1.0 60.0 14.0 500.0 False True True False 500.0 False 13.0 0.782561 2.0 False
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+ S64 40.0 0.526118 n/a n/a False -0.000933116 4.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 50.0 0.971842 1.7 False False 2.0 0.4 2.4 600.0 0.0 10.0 False 13.5 7.0 0.75 20.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.75 8.0 1.0 3.0 0.88201 30.0 2.0 7.0 0.970909 3.0 36.0 5.0 60.0 40.0 n/a 4.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 1.0 0.991759 0.772525 False 10.0 False False 1.0 False 0.783079 n/a 10.0 25.0 15.0 50.0 50.0 60.0 u 15.0 60.0 1.0 True 0.0 True 3.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.726744 False False 1.0 3.0 20.0 1.00469 0.0 ESPECES ANIMALES 7.0 0.0 45.0 0 n/a True 0.958743 False 1.0 2.5 0.259259 2.0 VISAGE 1.0 40.0 296 n/a 18.0 1.00524 7.35417 5.0 1.0 50.0 12.0 20.0 False True False False 2.0 False 17.0 0.975383 3.0 False
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+ S65 30.0 0.422172 1.0 1.0 False -0.0217241 3.5 False 3.0 1.0 1.0 10.0 0.956833 1.58333 False False 2.0 0.866667 3.8 500.0 1.0 12.0 False 15.5 7.0 0.916667 20.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 4.0 0.757414 40.0 2.0 10.0 0.935109 3.0 30.0 5.0 64.0 43.0 1.0 8.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 4.0 0.996173 0.615527 False 60.0 False False 3.0 False 0.628364 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 60.0 d 15.0 50.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.939091 False False 1.0 30.0 12.0 0.853278 2.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 55.0 0 n/a False 0.964347 False 1.0 2.5 0.225806 2.0 n/a 4.0 70.0 327 n/a 17.0 0.863237 8.05556 4.0 4.0 80.0 10.0 40.0 False True False False 3.0 False 19.0 0.994149 3.0 False
67
+ S66 50.0 0.602292 n/a n/a False -0.0338606 1.5 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.934056 2.11111 False False 0.0 0.6 3.2 400.0 n/a 9.0 False 14.0 9.0 0.5 15.0 7.0 35.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 1.0295 25.0 1.0 9.0 0.900195 3.0 25.0 3.0 65.0 42.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.992627 0.904788 False 35.0 False False 3.0 False 0.896458 n/a 10.0 30.0 15.0 50.0 50.0 80.0 u 10.0 50.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.894138 False False 1.0 20.0 15.0 1.17632 0.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.03726 False 2.0 3.0 0.357143 1.0 VISAGES LIEUX 3.0 90.0 344 n/a 7.0 1.17333 7.27083 5.0 3.0 80.0 12.0 20.0 False True False True 2.0 False 19.0 0.942724 2.0 False
68
+ S67 50.0 0.760311 n/a n/a False -0.090743 0.5 False 3.0 n/a 2.0 40.0 0.957141 1.75 False False 0.0 0.7 2.8 300.0 n/a 8.0 False 11.0 7.0 0.166667 40.0 12.0 60.0 False 0.25 8.0 0.0 2.0 0.895573 50.0 0.0 10.0 0.866398 3.0 32.0 5.0 65.0 44.0 2.0 5.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 2.0 0.996432 1.11832 False 150.0 False False 2.0 True 1.13165 n/a 15.0 45.0 25.0 100.0 70.0 90.0 u 25.0 80.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.719087 False False 1.0 3.0 12.0 1.01291 2.33333 0 6.0 0.0 58.0 Chiffres, voyelles en couleur n/a False 0.975137 False 2.0 3.0 0.272727 1.0 Lieux, itineraires 2.0 40.0 215 n/a 3.0 1.0207 6.49306 5.0 2.0 80.0 10.0 8.0 False True True False 2.0 False 14.0 1.00441 1.0 False
69
+ S68 42.0 0.518261 n/a n/a False -0.0204349 2.0 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 5.0 0.936235 1.88889 False False 1.0 1.0 4.2 700.0 n/a 9.0 False 13.0 7.0 0.833333 27.0 12.0 47.0 False 0.666667 10.0 1.0 3.0 0.753259 15.0 1.0 10.0 0.9158 3.0 33.0 4.0 63.0 43.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 n/a False 4.0 True 5.0 0.999161 0.76944 False 50.0 True False 3.0 False 0.771384 n/a 12.0 27.0 23.0 32.0 58.0 72.0 u 21.0 59.0 1.0 True 0.0 True 0.0 False 5.0 False 1.0 0.850019 False False 1.0 8.0 15.0 0.858164 4.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 40.0 0 n/a False 1.00769 False 2.0 4.0 0.307692 1.0 lieux 5.0 50.0 94 n/a 10.0 0.858501 8.90278 6.0 5.0 60.0 16.0 130.0 False True False False 3.0 False 17.0 1.08324 3.0 False
70
+ S69 40.0 0.320483 n/a n/a False -0.0823311 4.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 32.5 0.906829 2.14286 False False 2.0 0.7 4.2 450.0 n/a 7.0 False 11.0 9.0 0.5 20.0 13.0 40.0 False 0.0 7.0 0.0 4.0 0.601481 150.0 2.0 9.0 0.824498 3.0 25.0 5.0 60.0 48.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 3.0 n/a False 4.0 True 4.0 0.989427 0.488542 False 2500.0 False False 2.0 True 0.47701 n/a 12.0 30.0 25.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 u 20.0 35.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.554342 False False 1.0 8.0 15.0 0.68626 4.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 35.0 couleur, mot, espace n/a False 0.95227 False 2.0 4.0 0.363636 2.0 visage, lieux 4.0 200.0 105 n/a 18.0 0.685518 9.0 4.0 5.0 70.0 13.0 10.0 False True False False 2.5 False 15.0 1.11756 3.0 False
71
+ S70 350.0 4.37116 n/a n/a False -0.082708 3.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 15.0 0.923019 1.5 False False 2.0 0.766667 3.8 500.0 n/a 10.0 False 12.5 9.0 0.833333 50.0 15.0 250.0 False 0.0 8.0 0.0 3.0 1.71511 20.0 2.0 10.0 0.840311 3.0 25.0 4.0 68.0 43.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.995391 6.66643 False 200.0 False False 3.0 False 6.50608 n/a 15.0 100.0 30.0 200.0 400.0 500.0 d 20.0 300.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.832625 False False 1.0 5.0 6.0 1.97093 3.33333 0 5.0 0.0 40.0 Odeurs, images : souvenirs n/a False 0.998561 False 0.0 3.0 0.2 1.0 Visages 5.0 70.0 187 n/a 16.0 1.95474 8.42361 5.0 5.0 40.0 14.0 50.0 False True True False 3.0 False 15.0 1.0604 4.0 False
72
+ S71 20.0 0.212617 n/a n/a False -0.0629865 1.5 False n/a n/a 2.0 15.0 0.830302 1.55556 False False 0.0 0.5 3.2 400.0 n/a 9.0 False 11.5 8.0 0.5 15.0 10.0 20.0 False 0.0 6.0 0.0 n/a 0.516706 40.0 1.0 7.0 0.767316 3.0 25.0 4.0 60.0 42.0 n/a 3.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 2.0 0.997657 0.325419 False 50.0 False False 2.0 False 0.316461 n/a 10.0 20.0 15.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 u 10.0 20.0 1.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False n/a False 2.0 0.968262 False False 1.0 15.0 10.0 0.594702 n/a 0 5.0 0.0 50.0 n/a n/a False 0.97386 False 1.0 3.0 0.217391 1.0 Visages 2.0 60.0 159 n/a 7.0 0.588898 7.16667 6.0 3.0 100.0 10.0 100.0 False True True False 2.0 False 14.0 1.05611 3.0 False
73
+ S72 60.0 0.715723 1.0 1.0 False -0.0551373 2.0 False 2.0 2.0 1.0 40.0 0.958627 1.33333 True True 1.0 0.433333 3.6 450.0 1.0 15.0 False 17.5 7.0 0.416667 30.0 10.0 70.0 False 0.0 8.0 2.0 0.0 1.0041 30.0 1.0 7.0 0.90349 3.0 21.0 3.0 67.0 45.0 1.0 5.0 0.0 3.0 pbl de deglutition a9ans(suce son pouce) False 3.0 True 3.0 0.98314 1.07017 False 50.0 False False 1.0 False 1.06529 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 70.0 70.0 80.0 d 20.0 70.0 2.0 True 0.0 True 2.0 False 3.0 False 0.0 0.830847 False False 1.0 20.0 14.0 1.14585 0.0 PHYSIONOMIE 5.0 3.0 60.0 0 n/a True 1.03714 True 1.0 2.5 0.142857 1.0 ESPECES VEGETALES 3.0 110.0 329 n/a 10.0 1.14439 6.59722 8.0 2.0 50.0 10.0 20.0 False True True False 5.0 True 20.0 0.841678 2.0 True
74
+ S73 40.0 0.927448 1.0 1.0 False -0.00182578 n/a False n/a 1.0 3.0 15.0 0.979823 1.90476 False False n/a 0.766667 3.2 300.0 0.0 8.4 False 12.2 8.0 0.916667 25.0 10.0 50.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 n/a 1.07666 60.0 n/a 10.0 0.977997 3.0 30.0 3.0 63.0 41.0 1.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 n/a n/a 2.0 True 4.0 0.994564 1.36044 False 70.0 False False n/a False 1.38042 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 70.0 80.0 110.0 n/a 18.0 90.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False n/a False 2.0 0.979557 False False n/a 15.0 13.0 1.22344 n/a espece animal 7.6 0.0 60.0 n/a n/a False 1.0435 False 1.0 1.0 0.311475 1.0 visage 3.0 60.0 365 n/a n/a 1.22709 n/a 7.0 3.0 50.0 10.0 55.0 False True n/a False 3.0 False 16.0 0.929294 3.0 False
75
+ S74 30.0 0.382676 n/a n/a False -0.0665277 2.5 True 4.0 n/a 1.0 40.0 0.920906 1.66667 False True 1.0 0.8 3.6 250.0 n/a 9.0 False 12.0 12.0 0.833333 30.0 12.0 50.0 False 0.2 9.0 1.0 3.0 0.637316 20.0 1.0 10.0 0.854378 3.0 32.0 4.0 62.0 42.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 EXPRESSION ORALE False 4.0 True 5.0 0.999392 0.562843 False 30.0 False False 3.0 False 0.569578 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 U? 25.0 50.0 1.0 True 2.0 True 3.0 True 4.0 False 2.0 0.859567 False False 1.0 10.0 10.0 0.720039 3.5 lieux 6.0 2.0 60.0 0 n/a False 0.999466 True 0.0 0.0 0.25 1.0 Visages 5.0 50.0 207 n/a 11.0 0.726359 5.81944 4.0 5.0 50.0 10.0 30.0 False True True False 2.5 True 15.0 0.819761 3.0 False
76
+ S75 90.0 1.17674 1.0 1.0 False -0.0322937 1.5 False 4.0 1.0 1.0 30.0 0.962962 1.5 False False 1.0 0.966667 5.0 300.0 1.0 10.0 False 12.5 7.0 0.666667 40.0 10.0 80.0 False 0.2 10.0 0.0 5.0 1.06134 15.0 1.0 10.0 0.930669 3.0 32.0 4.0 64.0 43.0 1.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 3.0 0.999677 1.77613 False 40.0 False False 3.0 False 1.75148 n/a 20.0 50.0 30.0 80.0 120.0 150.0 u 25.0 100.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.843897 False False 0.0 7.0 10.0 1.2123 4.0 n/a 5.0 0.0 60.0 0 n/a False 1.00794 False 2.0 3.5 0.2 2.0 LIEUX VISAGES 3.0 60.0 319 n/a 7.0 1.20962 7.72222 6.0 5.0 70.0 13.0 120.0 False True True True 3.0 False 15.0 0.945441 2.0 False
77
+ S76 50.0 0.611865 n/a n/a False -0.0818007 3.5 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.921049 1.66667 False False 2.0 0.833333 2.6 500.0 n/a 9.0 False 12.0 7.0 0.25 30.0 10.0 35.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.873615 150.0 2.0 10.0 0.839249 3.0 33.0 4.0 66.0 45.0 n/a 6.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999685 0.93416 False 200.0 False False 2.0 True 0.910705 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 40.0 70.0 90.0 u 20.0 50.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.825401 False True 1.0 50.0 15.0 1.0031 3.33333 0 6.0 0.0 30.0 Couleur / mots n/a False 1.02149 False 2.0 3.5 0.25 2.0 visages, lieux 3.0 200.0 172 n/a 17.0 0.995672 7.95833 6.0 3.0 65.0 10.0 100.0 False True False False 2.0 False 15.0 1.09488 3.0 False
78
+ S77 45.0 0.689299 n/a n/a False -0.0180914 1.0 False 5.0 n/a 2.0 10.0 0.968552 2.11111 True True 0.0 0.966667 3.0 500.0 n/a 9.0 False 14.0 11.0 0.416667 20.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 4.0 0.981267 15.0 1.0 10.0 0.950461 3.0 30.0 4.0 64.0 43.0 n/a 10.0 n/a 3.0 n/a False 4.0 True 3.0 0.999983 1.01458 False 500.0 False False 3.0 False 1.02596 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 70.0 60.0 80.0 u 15.0 70.0 2.0 False 1.0 True 3.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.671399 False False 1.0 7.0 10.0 1.11533 4.33333 lieux 10.0 3.0 60.0 0 n/a False 1.00274 False 1.0 0.0 0.357143 2.0 visage 4.0 700.0 115 n/a 6.0 1.11837 4.65972 5.0 4.0 80.0 15.0 20.0 False True True False 2.0 True 19.0 1.19359 2.0 False
79
+ S78 40.0 0.548867 n/a n/a False -0.0193456 3.0 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 25.0 0.950317 1.7 False False 2.0 0.7 3.8 600.0 n/a 10.0 False 13.5 15.0 0.916667 40.0 10.0 50.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.813199 60.0 1.0 10.0 0.930971 3.0 30.0 4.0 62.0 41.0 1.0 7.0 2.0 3.0 0 False 2.0 True 3.0 0.999859 0.815318 False 45.0 False False 2.0 False 0.816939 n/a 15.0 30.0 20.0 60.0 60.0 70.0 u 20.0 60.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.905331 False False 1.0 10.0 15.0 0.925195 2.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 0.991229 False 1.0 2.5 0.259259 1.0 VISAGES 1.0 30.0 328 n/a 14.0 0.926816 6.74306 9.0 2.0 60.0 16.0 112.0 False True False False 3.0 False 17.0 0.960007 n/a False
80
+ S79 42.0 0.449873 n/a 0.0 False 0.00970278 4.0 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 12.0 0.905277 1.4 False False 2.0 0.566667 1.8 350.0 n/a 10.0 False 12.0 7.0 0.666667 28.0 16.0 30.0 False 0.25 9.0 0.0 1.0 0.603731 30.0 2.0 9.0 0.914979 3.0 27.0 4.0 68.0 45.0 n/a 6.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 1.0 0.997786 0.671734 False 100.0 False True 1.0 False 0.669595 n/a 18.0 28.0 21.0 50.0 59.0 63.0 d 22.0 55.0 3.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 True 5.0 False 1.0 0.917245 False False 1.0 20.0 12.0 0.693804 1.66667 Mettre nom sur un visage 4.0 0.0 70.0 Chiffres ds espace n/a False 1.01049 False 1.0 3.5 0.166667 3.0 tout 1.0 80.0 198 n/a 18.0 0.688082 8.22222 4.0 1.0 50.0 12.0 100.0 False False False False 2.0 False 14.0 1.03246 3.0 False
81
+ S80 48.0 0.634019 n/a n/a False -0.00810036 2.5 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 30.0 0.948885 1.5 False True 1.0 0.733333 2.6 530.0 n/a 10.0 False 12.5 13.0 0.5 31.0 8.0 41.0 False 0.0 7.0 0.0 2.0 0.91701 250.0 0.0 10.0 0.940784 3.0 25.0 4.0 62.0 43.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 3.0 0.996996 0.946805 False 20.0 False False 2.0 False 0.94368 n/a 12.0 35.0 34.0 56.0 68.0 86.0 u 19.0 63.0 2.0 False 1.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.798489 False False 1.0 6.0 18.0 1.03757 3.33333 0 5.0 0.0 62.0 0 n/a False 0.982516 False 2.0 2.0 0.2 1.0 visages, lieux 3.0 45.0 180 n/a 9.0 1.04513 6.375 8.0 3.0 75.0 10.0 50.0 False True True False 3.0 False 15.0 0.987773 3.0 False
82
+ S81 n/a n/a n/a n/a False n/a n/a False n/a n/a n/a 15.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 500.0 n/a n/a False n/a 8.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a False n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 40.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a False 40.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1.0 0.979913 False n/a n/a 10.0 15.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 55.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 1.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 50.0 217 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 90.0 n/a 60.0 n/a n/a n/a n/a 3.0 n/a n/a 1.00486 n/a False
83
+ S82 55.0 0.611077 n/a n/a False -0.0475203 3.5 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 15.0 0.963192 2.0 True True 1.0 0.85 2.4 1000.0 n/a 10.0 False 15.0 8.0 0.583333 25.0 11.0 45.0 False 0.33 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.877608 15.0 2.0 10.0 0.915672 3.0 30.0 3.0 66.0 43.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 1.0 0 False 3.0 True 3.0 0.994773 0.92664 False 25.0 False False 2.0 False 0.909533 n/a 12.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 68.0 80.0 u 17.0 55.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 2.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.745845 False False 1.0 8.0 12.0 1.0073 3.0 lieux 10.0 2.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.05757 False 0.0 2.0 0.333333 2.0 Visages 3.0 20.0 195 n/a 15.0 1.00022 5.27778 4.0 4.0 50.0 13.0 6.0 False True False False 2.0 False 20.0 1.00696 2.0 False
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+ S83 55.0 0.752174 n/a n/a False -0.0102645 3.0 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 7.0 0.983114 1.25 False True 1.0 1.0 3.4 600.0 n/a 12.0 False 13.5 8.0 0.75 30.0 10.0 60.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.946814 15.0 2.0 10.0 0.972849 3.0 35.0 3.0 65.0 43.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 4.0 0.992436 1.10866 False 100.0 False False 3.0 False 1.11954 n/a 13.0 40.0 25.0 75.0 70.0 90.0 d 25.0 80.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.777745 False False 1.0 8.0 12.0 1.07195 2.66667 lieux 3.0 0.0 50.0 0 n/a False 1.06735 False 0.0 1.0 0.111111 3.0 Visages 4.0 30.0 184 n/a 14.0 1.0791 6.4375 5.0 4.0 60.0 11.0 50.0 False True False False 8.0 False 15.0 0.904109 3.0 False
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+ S84 70.0 0.918418 n/a n/a False 0.053325 1.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 7.0 0.888236 1.54545 False False 1.0 0.8 3.4 450.0 n/a 11.0 False 14.0 11.0 0.75 40.0 12.0 75.0 False 0.25 10.0 0.0 3.0 1.15816 80.0 1.0 10.0 0.941561 3.0 33.0 5.0 63.0 42.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 3.0 0.995588 1.37754 False 70.0 False False 3.0 False 1.36698 n/a 5.0 40.0 35.0 70.0 95.0 110.0 d 20.0 85.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.818761 False False 1.0 5.0 14.0 1.3146 3.33333 0 6.0 0.0 45.0 0 n/a False 0.966338 False 2.0 2.5 0.214286 2.0 visages, lieux 3.0 25.0 193 n/a 8.0 1.31998 7.10417 5.0 3.0 60.0 10.0 9.0 False True True False 1.5 False 17.0 1.05465 2.0 False
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+ S85 25.0 0.278677 n/a n/a False -0.022051 3.0 False 4.0 n/a 2.0 20.0 0.94183 2.0 False False 1.0 0.6 4.0 500.0 0.0 9.0 False 13.5 9.0 0.833333 25.0 10.0 30.0 False 0.33 8.0 0.0 2.0 0.562786 60.0 2.0 9.0 0.919779 3.0 30.0 5.0 60.0 40.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 3.0 0.995747 0.400515 False 80.0 False False 2.0 False 0.414786 n/a 15.0 25.0 20.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 u 15.0 45.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 3.0 False 4.0 False 2.0 0.962147 False False 1.0 10.0 12.0 0.631332 3.0 animaux 9.0 0.0 65.0 0 n/a False 0.944038 False 1.0 n/a 0.333333 2.0 Visages 3.0 50.0 169 n/a 14.0 0.641416 5.56944 6.0 4.0 60.0 13.0 30.0 False True n/a False 2.0 False 18.0 1.04717 4.0 False
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+ S86 40.0 0.780401 1.0 1.0 False -0.0458562 1.5 False 4.0 1.0 1.0 50.0 0.878883 1.75 False True 0.0 0.5 3.4 750.0 1.0 10.0 False 13.75 9.0 0.416667 40.0 12.0 90.0 True 0.0 9.0 3.0 3.0 0.993049 90.0 2.0 10.0 0.833027 3.0 32.0 4.0 63.0 45.0 1.0 6.0 0.0 3.0 dyslexie, confusion che/jeu, f/v False 4.0 True 4.0 0.999649 1.14484 True 30.0 False False 2.0 False 1.16156 n/a 10.0 20.0 28.0 70.0 65.0 90.0 u 15.0 80.0 4.0 True 0.0 True 2.0 True 4.0 True 1.0 0.89167 False False 1.0 12.0 11.0 1.13006 0.0 n/a 7.5 0.0 60.0 0 n/a False 1.01092 True 1.0 1.5 0.272727 1.0 n/a 2.0 80.0 346 n/a 9.0 1.13179 6.26389 6.0 4.0 70.0 13.0 30.0 False True n/a True 2.5 False 17.5 1.04276 3.0 False
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+ S87 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 369 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
89
+ S88 45.0 0.525943 n/a 0.0 False -0.0442923 0.0 False 4.0 n/a 1.0 35.0 0.958444 1.875 False False 0.0 0.6 3.6 500.0 n/a 8.0 True 11.5 10.0 0.75 25.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.5 8.0 2.0 2.0 0.825556 60.0 1.0 10.0 0.914152 3.0 32.0 5.0 60.0 42.0 n/a 8.0 0.0 3.0 APPRENTISSAGE LECTURE, math False 3.0 True 3.0 0.995658 0.77895 False 100.0 True True 1.0 False 0.782818 n/a 15.0 35.0 20.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 d 15.0 60.0 3.0 True 1.0 True 0.0 False 3.0 False 2.0 0.860257 False True 0.0 20.0 15.0 0.93793 2.33333 noms 7.0 0.0 60.0 nombre / espace, gouts et sons n/a False 0.955381 True 2.0 3.0 0.304348 1.0 visages, lieux 1.0 150.0 178 n/a 2.0 0.940899 7.375 4.0 1.0 80.0 10.0 400.0 False True True False 3.0 False 15.0 1.05283 2.0 False
90
+ S89 70.0 1.09973 n/a n/a False -0.0425949 1.0 False 5.0 n/a 3.0 40.0 0.927972 2.55556 False True 0.0 0.666667 3.0 200.0 n/a 9.0 False 16.0 20.0 0.583333 40.0 11.0 60.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 1.01285 150.0 0.0 10.0 0.885377 3.0 24.0 3.0 62.0 38.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 2.0 0 True 4.0 True 3.0 0.992471 1.64304 False 40.0 False False 3.0 False 1.63685 n/a 15.0 30.0 25.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 d 25.0 100.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 5.0 False 2.0 0.00909366 False True 0.0 15.0 10.0 1.16136 4.0 LIEUX 14.0 0.0 5.0 0 n/a False 1.01316 False 0.0 0.0 0.4375 1.0 VISAGE 5.0 1000.0 289 n/a 2.0 1.15436 3.38194 9.0 3.0 50.0 18.0 300.0 False True True False 1000.0 False 23.0 0.126279 2.0 False
91
+ S90 80.0 1.19538 n/a n/a False -0.00869327 3.0 False 2.0 n/a 3.0 15.0 0.894658 1.71429 False False 2.0 0.7 2.8 400.0 n/a 7.0 False 9.5 7.0 0.666667 60.0 10.0 40.0 False 0.33 10.0 1.0 1.0 1.11558 20.0 2.0 10.0 0.885965 3.0 22.0 5.0 62.0 45.0 n/a 7.0 0.0 3.0 en histoire False 4.0 True 2.0 0.983444 1.75143 False 30.0 True False 1.0 False 1.77922 n/a 15.0 60.0 30.0 80.0 100.0 150.0 d 15.0 130.0 2.0 True 1.0 True 0.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.905508 False False 1.0 8.0 10.0 1.26396 1.66667 lieux 5.0 0.0 60.0 n/a n/a False 0.939536 False 0.0 1.5 0.263158 1.0 0 3.0 20.0 213 n/a 16.0 1.27144 5.84722 10.0 2.0 80.0 10.0 30.0 False True True False 2.5 False 12.0 0.953995 2.0 False
92
+ S91 50.0 0.611427 1.0 1.0 False -0.00681096 3.5 False 3.0 1.0 2.0 20.0 0.966239 1.6 False False 2.0 0.9 4.2 500.0 1.0 10.0 False 13.0 7.0 0.833333 20.0 10.0 50.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.920033 40.0 2.0 10.0 0.959428 3.0 23.0 5.0 61.0 43.0 1.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 deglutition a 15ans pendant 4mois False 4.0 True 4.0 0.987777 0.899697 False 120.0 False False 2.0 False 0.910054 n/a 10.0 30.0 20.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 u 20.0 70.0 2.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 n/a False False 1.0 15.0 10.0 1.04483 2.0 n/a 6.0 0.0 60.0 0 n/a False 0.934578 True 2.0 3.0 0.230769 2.0 LIEUX 4.0 60.0 334 n/a 17.0 1.04858 8.25694 7.0 3.0 n/a 10.0 140.0 False True False True 2.0 False 16.0 n/a 4.0 False
93
+ S92 38.0 0.475912 n/a n/a False -0.0850252 1.5 False 5.0 n/a 1.0 6.0 0.785702 1.44444 False True 1.0 0.8 3.2 500.0 n/a 9.0 False 11.0 9.0 0.75 25.0 12.0 29.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.696258 120.0 1.0 9.0 0.700677 3.0 32.0 5.0 65.0 43.0 n/a 8.0 2.0 3.0 0 False 4.0 True 4.0 0.99624 0.744678 False 200.0 False False 3.0 False 0.708352 n/a 15.0 25.0 24.0 44.0 66.0 77.0 u 12.0 29.0 4.0 False 0.0 True n/a False 5.0 False 1.0 0.815552 False True 1.0 15.0 12.0 0.810939 3.66667 0 4.0 0.0 52.0 Suites ds espaCe et couleurs n/a False 0.972245 False 1.0 2.0 0.181818 2.0 0 5.0 20.0 196 n/a 9.0 0.793536 6.95833 6.0 5.0 80.0 10.0 50.0 False True False False 3.0 False 13.0 1.04952 3.0 False
94
+ S93 50.0 0.717351 n/a 0.0 False -0.0384674 3.5 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 20.0 0.959921 2.08333 False False 1.0 1.0 4.8 280.0 n/a 12.0 False 18.5 8.0 0.916667 40.0 12.0 70.0 False 0.0 10.0 0.0 3.0 0.856346 30.0 1.0 10.0 0.921454 3.0 35.0 4.0 60.0 43.0 n/a 10.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 3.0 True 4.0 0.997048 1.0501 False 30.0 False False 3.0 False 1.06771 n/a 15.0 40.0 30.0 50.0 60.0 100.0 d 20.0 80.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 1.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.907422 False False 1.0 10.0 12.0 0.967146 3.0 NOMS 13.0 0.0 50.0 NUM DE TELEPHONE n/a False 1.00396 False 2.0 3.0 0.351351 1.0 LIEUX CHIFFRES 4.0 120.0 343 n/a 13.0 0.975992 8.03472 5.0 5.0 50.0 12.0 100.0 False True n/a False 2.0 False 25.0 0.980029 2.0 False
95
+ S94 53.0 0.913518 n/a n/a False -0.0127455 4.0 False 3.0 n/a 1.0 17.0 0.992355 2.1 False False 1.0 0.9 4.7 250.0 n/a 10.0 False 15.5 6.5 1.0 30.0 10.0 60.0 False 0.0 9.0 0.0 3.0 1.03356 50.0 2.0 10.0 0.97961 3.0 36.0 5.0 64.0 43.0 n/a 9.0 0.0 3.0 0 False 1.0 True 5.0 0.994238 1.35131 False 65.0 False False 3.0 False 1.35969 n/a 13.0 38.0 25.0 60.0 90.0 110.0 d 18.0 90.0 4.0 False 0.0 True 5.0 False 4.0 False 1.0 0.937513 False False 1.0 15.0 15.0 1.17454 3.33333 0 11.0 0.0 50.0 nombre / espace n/a False 0.979051 False 1.0 4.0 0.354839 3.0 0 4.0 55.0 189 n/a 16.0 1.17797 9.66667 4.0 4.0 60.0 10.0 120.0 False True n/a False 2.75 False 21.0 0.933082 4.0 False
phenotype/subject.tsv ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ participant_id localizer_short_easy protocol scanner family motor_error laterality site sex schizophrenic id dyslexic father comments tr excluded basic localizer_long_complex type sound_problem epi_problem statistics_spm5 exam localizer_short_complex anatomy dyscalculic language localizer_long_easy age video_problem synaesthete mother acquisition
2
+ S01 n/a UNICOG 3 F01 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 404 n/a 0 Localizer not done n/a n/a True n/a Basic n/a n/a n/a S01 n/a n/a n/a French n/a 24 n/a n/a 0 0
3
+ S02 False UNICOG 3 F02 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 191 n/a 0 son a 50% audible pour les histoires 2.4 False True False Basic True n/a True S02 True n/a n/a French False 20 n/a n/a 0 1
4
+ S03 False UNICOG 3 F03 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 228 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S03 True n/a n/a French False 22 n/a n/a 0 1
5
+ S04 False UNICOG 3 F04 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 320 n/a 0 Substractions difficulties 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S04 True Ok n/a French False 20 True n/a 0 1
6
+ S05 False UNICOG 3 F05 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 341 n/a 0 Substractions were difficult for him/her 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S05 True Ok n/a French False 23 False n/a 0 1
7
+ S06 False UNICOG 3 F06 True Right handed Neurospin M n/a 311 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S06 True Ok n/a French False 19 True n/a 0 1
8
+ S07 False UNICOG 3 F07 True Right handed Neurospin F n/a 316 n/a 0 Substractions difficulties, pushing mistake 1 time 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S07 True Ok n/a French False 26 True n/a 0 1
9
+ S08 False UNICOG 3 F89 True Right handed Neurospin M n/a 347 n/a 0 Rare pushing mistakes 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S08 True Ok n/a French False 27 False n/a 0 1
10
+ S09 False UNICOG 3 F09 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 326 n/a 0 Right side more activated in audio contrast 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S09 True Ok n/a French False 21 False n/a 0 1
11
+ S10 False UNICOG 3 F10 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 176 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S10 True n/a n/a French False 24 n/a n/a 0 1
12
+ S11 False UNICOG 3 F11 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 193 n/a 0 son trop bas, plusieurs pharses inaudibles 2.4 False True False Basic True n/a True S11 True n/a n/a French False 47 n/a True 0 1
13
+ S12 False UNICOG 3 F12 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 201 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S12 True n/a n/a French False 23 n/a n/a 0 1
14
+ S13 False UNICOG 3 F13 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 365 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 True True False Basic False n/a True S13 True Ok n/a French False 19 False n/a 0 1
15
+ S14 False UNICOG 3 F14 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 247 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S14 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 1
16
+ S15 False UNICOG 3 F15 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 11 n/a 0 6 sessions+seq.Fovea 2.4 False True False Basic n/a n/a True S15 True ok n/a French False 22 n/a n/a 0 1
17
+ S16 False UNICOG 3 F16 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 218 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S16 True n/a n/a French False 24 n/a n/a 0 1
18
+ S17 n/a UNICOG 3 F17 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 351 n/a 0 Localizer not done n/a n/a True n/a Basic n/a n/a n/a S17 n/a n/a n/a French n/a 22 n/a n/a 0 0
19
+ S18 False UNICOG 3 F18 True Right handed Neurospin F n/a 310 n/a 0 Sound too high, substractions difficulties, pushing errors 2.4 False True False Basic True n/a True S18 True Ok n/a French False 20 True n/a 0 1
20
+ S19 False UNICOG 3 F52 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 204 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S19 True n/a n/a French False 18 n/a n/a 0 1
21
+ S20 False UNICOG 3 F20 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 179 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S20 True n/a n/a French False 25 n/a n/a 0 1
22
+ S21 False UNICOG 3 F21 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 150 n/a 0 meme que S21 et <sanitized> 2.4 False True False Basic n/a n/a True S21 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 3
23
+ S22 False UNICOG 3 F22 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 209 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S22 True n/a n/a French False 40 n/a n/a 0 1
24
+ S23 False UNICOG 3 F23 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 334 n/a 0 Substrations difficulties 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S23 True Ok n/a French False 24 True n/a 0 1
25
+ S24 False UNICOG 3 F24 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 323 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S24 True Ok n/a French False 18 False n/a 0 1
26
+ S25 False UNICOG 3 F25 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 202 n/a 0 meme que S25 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S25 True n/a n/a French False 24 n/a n/a 0 2
27
+ S26 False UNICOG 3 F26 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 349 n/a 0 Some substraction errors. Voxel size (localizer) : 2x2x3 mm^3 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a True S26 True axial+artefacts n/a French False 24 True n/a 0 1
28
+ S27 False UNICOG 3 F27 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 330 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S27 True Ok n/a French False 30 False n/a 0 1
29
+ S28 False UNICOG 3 F28 True Right handed Neurospin F n/a 345 n/a 0 Pushing mistakes 3 times 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S28 True Ok n/a French False 18 False n/a 0 1
30
+ S29 False UNICOG 3 F29 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 339 n/a 0 Weak activation in Checkboard contrast 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S29 True Ok n/a French False 21 False n/a 0 1
31
+ S30 False UNICOG 3 F30 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 194 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S30 True n/a n/a French False 34 n/a n/a 0 1
32
+ S31 False UNICOG 3 F31 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 344 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S31 True Ok n/a French False 22 False n/a 0 1
33
+ S32 False UNICOG 3 F32 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 206 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S32 True n/a n/a French False 26 n/a n/a 0 1
34
+ S33 False UNICOG 3 F33 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 240 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S33 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 1
35
+ S34 False UNICOG 3 F34 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 214 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S34 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 1
36
+ S35 False UNICOG 3 F35 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 246 n/a 0 meme que S35 - reglage shim mauvais selon Antoinette 2.4 False True False Basic False True True S35 True n/a n/a French False 24 n/a n/a 0 2
37
+ S36 False UNICOG 3 F36 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 224 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S36 True n/a n/a French False 25 n/a n/a 0 1
38
+ S37 False UNICOG 3 F37 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 362 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False False True S37 True Ok n/a French False 22 False n/a 0 1
39
+ S38 False UNICOG 3 F38 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 213 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S38 True n/a n/a French False n/a n/a n/a 0 1
40
+ S39 False UNICOG 3 F39 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 243 n/a 0 meme que S39 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S39 True n/a n/a French False 22 n/a n/a 0 2
41
+ S40 False UNICOG 3 F40 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 221 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S40 True n/a n/a French False 24 n/a True 0 1
42
+ S41 False UNICOG 3 F41 n/a Right handed Neurospin M n/a 738 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 n/a True False Basic n/a n/a True S41 True n/a n/a French False 18 n/a n/a 0 4
43
+ S42 False UNICOG 3 F42 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 318 n/a 0 Problemes de normalisation des images (centre des images trop loin de l'axe CA-CP). Resolu a la main 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S42 True Ok n/a French False 26 False n/a 0 1
44
+ S43 False UNICOG 3 F43 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 358 n/a 0 Sound problems (head phones). Voxel size (localizer) : 2x2x3 mm^3 2.4 n/a True False Basic True n/a True S43 True n/a n/a French False 49 False n/a 0 1
45
+ S44 False UNICOG 3 F44 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 203 n/a 0 meme que <sanitized> 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S44 True n/a n/a French False 34 n/a n/a 0 2
46
+ S45 False UNICOG 3 F45 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 184 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S45 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 1
47
+ S46 False UNICOG 3 F46 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 315 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S46 True Ok n/a French False 24 False n/a 0 1
48
+ S47 False UNICOG 3 F47 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 244 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S47 True n/a n/a French False 19 n/a n/a 0 1
49
+ S48 False UNICOG 3 F48 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 182 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S48 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 1
50
+ S49 False UNICOG 3 F49 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 186 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S49 True n/a n/a French False 22 n/a n/a 0 1
51
+ S50 False UNICOG 3 F50 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 352 n/a 0 Localizer not done 2.4 n/a True False Basic n/a n/a n/a S50 False n/a n/a French False 32 n/a n/a 0 2
52
+ S51 False UNICOG 3 F51 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 189 n/a 0 son trop bas, plusieurs pharses inaudibles 2.4 False True False Basic True n/a True S51 True n/a n/a French False 30 n/a n/a 0 1
53
+ S52 False UNICOG 3 F52 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 230 n/a 0 anat avec un echo lumineux 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S52 True n/a n/a French False 22 n/a n/a 0 1
54
+ S53 False UNICOG 3 F53 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 340 n/a 0 Little difficulty to read the sentences ? 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a True S53 True Ok n/a French False 18 False n/a 0 1
55
+ S54 False UNICOG 3 F54 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 197 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S54 True n/a n/a French False 20 n/a n/a 0 1
56
+ S55 False UNICOG 3 F55 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 342 n/a 0 Substractions were difficult for him/her 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S55 True Ok n/a French False 21 False n/a 0 1
57
+ S56 False UNICOG 3 F56 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 336 n/a 0 Acquisition of anatomy in axial (pilote, the rest are in sagittal) 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S56 True Ok n/a French False 23 True n/a 0 4
58
+ S57 False UNICOG 3 F57 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 199 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S57 True n/a n/a French False 20 n/a n/a 0 1
59
+ S58 False UNICOG 3 F58 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 225 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S58 True n/a n/a French False 34 n/a n/a 0 1
60
+ S59 False UNICOG 3 F59 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 227 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S59 True n/a n/a French False 30 n/a n/a 0 1
61
+ S60 n/a UNICOG 3 F60 n/a Right handed Neurospin M n/a 357 n/a 0 Localizer not done n/a n/a True n/a Basic n/a n/a n/a S60 n/a n/a n/a French n/a 21 n/a n/a 0 0
62
+ S61 False UNICOG 3 F61 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 223 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S61 True n/a n/a French False 23 n/a n/a 0 1
63
+ S62 False UNICOG 3 F62 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 211 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S62 True n/a n/a French False n/a n/a True 0 1
64
+ S63 False UNICOG 3 F63 True Right handed Neurospin F n/a 312 n/a 0 Pushing mistakes 2 or 3 times 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S63 True Ok n/a French False 19 False n/a 0 1
65
+ S64 False UNICOG 3 F64 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 343 n/a 0 Substractions were difficult for him/her 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S64 True Ok n/a French False 21 False n/a 0 1
66
+ S65 False UNICOG 3 F65 True Right handed Neurospin M n/a 314 n/a 0 Pushing mistakes 3 times 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S65 True Ok n/a French False 19 False n/a 0 1
67
+ S66 False UNICOG 3 F66 True Right handed Neurospin M n/a 366 n/a 0 Pushing mistakes 1 or 2 times. Voxel size (localizer) : 2x2x2 mm^3 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a True S66 True axial+artefacts n/a French False 26 False n/a 0 1
68
+ S67 False UNICOG 3 F67 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 239 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S67 True n/a n/a French False 44 n/a True 0 1
69
+ S68 False UNICOG 3 F68 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 245 n/a 0 meme que S68 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S68 True n/a n/a French False 20 n/a n/a 0 3
70
+ S69 n/a UNICOG 3 F69 n/a Right handed SHFJ F n/a 353 n/a 0 Localizer not done n/a n/a True n/a Basic n/a n/a n/a S69 n/a n/a n/a French n/a 21 n/a n/a 0 0
71
+ S70 False UNICOG 3 F59 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 208 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S70 True n/a n/a French False 25 n/a n/a 0 1
72
+ S71 False UNICOG 3 F71 n/a Right handed SHFJ M n/a 185 n/a 0 meme que <sanitized> 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a True S71 True n/a n/a French False 21 n/a n/a 0 2
73
+ S72 False UNICOG 3 F72 False Right handed Neurospin F n/a 325 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 False True False Basic False n/a n/a S72 True Ok n/a French False 37 False n/a 0 1
74
+ S73 False UNICOG 3 F73 False Right handed Neurospin M n/a 348 n/a 0 n/a 2.4 n/a True False Basic False n/a n/a S73 True Ok n/a French False 19 False n/a 0 1
75
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