README.md

---
language:
- el
tags:
- mmlu
- greek
- evaluation
- exam
license: mit
task_categories:
- question-answering
- multiple-choice
pretty_name: Greek MMLU Parquet
configs:
- config_name: Accounting
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Accounting/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Accounting/dev-*
- config_name: Agriculture_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Agriculture_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Agriculture_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Agriculture_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Agriculture_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Agriculture_University/dev-*
- config_name: All
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: All/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: All/dev-*
- config_name: Art_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Art_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Art_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Art_Secondary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Art_Secondary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Art_Secondary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Art_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Art_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Art_University/dev-*
- config_name: Biology
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Biology/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Biology/dev-*
- config_name: Chemistry
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Chemistry/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Chemistry/dev-*
- config_name: Civil_Engineering
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Civil_Engineering/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Civil_Engineering/dev-*
- config_name: Clinical_Knowledge
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Clinical_Knowledge/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Clinical_Knowledge/dev-*
- config_name: Computer_Networks_and_Security
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Computer_Networks_and_Security/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Computer_Networks_and_Security/dev-*
- config_name: Computer_Science_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Computer_Science_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Computer_Science_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Computer_Science_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Computer_Science_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Computer_Science_University/dev-*
- config_name: Driving_Rules
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Driving_Rules/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Driving_Rules/dev-*
- config_name: Economics_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Economics_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Economics_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Economics_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Economics_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Economics_University/dev-*
- config_name: Education_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Education_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Education_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Education_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Education_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Education_University/dev-*
- config_name: Electrical_Engineering
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Electrical_Engineering/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Electrical_Engineering/dev-*
- config_name: General_Knowledge
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: General_Knowledge/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: General_Knowledge/dev-*
- config_name: Geography_Primary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Geography_Primary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Geography_Primary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Geography_Secondary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Geography_Secondary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Geography_Secondary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_History_Primary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_History_Primary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_History_Primary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_History_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_History_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_History_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_History_Secondary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_History_Secondary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_History_Secondary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_Literature
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_Literature/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_Literature/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_Mythology
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_Mythology/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_Mythology/dev-*
- config_name: Greek_Traditions
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Greek_Traditions/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Greek_Traditions/dev-*
- config_name: Law
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Law/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Law/dev-*
- config_name: Management_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Management_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Management_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Management_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Management_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Management_University/dev-*
- config_name: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations/dev-*
- config_name: Mathematics
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Mathematics/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Mathematics/dev-*
- config_name: Medicine_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Medicine_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Medicine_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Medicine_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Medicine_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Medicine_University/dev-*
- config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Physics_Primary_School
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Physics_Primary_School/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Physics_Primary_School/dev-*
- config_name: Physics_Professional
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Physics_Professional/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Physics_Professional/dev-*
- config_name: Physics_University
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Physics_University/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Physics_University/dev-*
- config_name: Prehistory
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: Prehistory/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: Prehistory/dev-*
- config_name: World_History
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: World_History/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: World_History/dev-*
- config_name: World_Religions
  data_files:
  - split: test
    path: World_Religions/test-*
  - split: dev
    path: World_Religions/dev-*
dataset_info:
- config_name: Accounting
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 80897
    num_examples: 184
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 2155
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 37423
  dataset_size: 83052
- config_name: Agriculture_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 172831
    num_examples: 339
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 2426
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 73721
  dataset_size: 175257
- config_name: Agriculture_University
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 43129
    num_examples: 70
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 3450
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 25668
  dataset_size: 46579
- config_name: All
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 8888505
    num_examples: 16632
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 115031
    num_examples: 225
  download_size: 3653532
  dataset_size: 9003536
- config_name: Art_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 600
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 1355
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 85278
  dataset_size: 210019
- config_name: Art_Secondary_School
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 13992
    num_examples: 39
  - name: dev
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    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 14339
  dataset_size: 15653
- config_name: Art_University
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
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  - name: level
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  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 6510
    num_examples: 12
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 3435
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 10577
  dataset_size: 9945
- config_name: Biology
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 152101
    num_examples: 418
  - name: dev
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    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 70481
  dataset_size: 154095
- config_name: Chemistry
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
    dtype: string
  - name: level
    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 24057
    num_examples: 81
  - name: dev
    num_bytes: 1309
    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 17072
  dataset_size: 25366
- config_name: Civil_Engineering
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
  - name: subject
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    dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 769
  - name: dev
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    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 110137
  dataset_size: 300381
- config_name: Clinical_Knowledge
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
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  splits:
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 633
  - name: dev
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    num_examples: 5
  download_size: 88965
  dataset_size: 248896
- config_name: Computer_Networks_and_Security
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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  - name: answer
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  - name: group
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  splits:
  - name: test
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    num_examples: 86
  - name: dev
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  download_size: 31784
  dataset_size: 52581
- config_name: Computer_Science_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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    num_examples: 254
  - name: dev
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  download_size: 55238
  dataset_size: 117290
- config_name: Computer_Science_University
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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    num_examples: 104
  - name: dev
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  download_size: 26771
  dataset_size: 50269
- config_name: Driving_Rules
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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  - name: answer
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    num_examples: 1658
  - name: dev
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  download_size: 369588
  dataset_size: 849497
- config_name: Economics_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
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  splits:
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    num_examples: 196
  - name: dev
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  dataset_size: 128155
- config_name: Economics_University
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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    num_examples: 86
  - name: dev
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  dataset_size: 35941
- config_name: Education_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: dev
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- config_name: Education_University
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: dev
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- config_name: Electrical_Engineering
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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- config_name: General_Knowledge
  features:
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    num_examples: 351
  - name: dev
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  dataset_size: 153862
- config_name: Geography_Primary_School
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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- config_name: Geography_Secondary_School
  features:
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- config_name: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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- config_name: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School
  features:
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- config_name: Greek_History_Primary_School
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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- config_name: Greek_History_Professional
  features:
  - name: question
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- config_name: Greek_History_Secondary_School
  features:
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  - name: choices
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  dataset_size: 32011
- config_name: Greek_Literature
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
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  - name: group
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  splits:
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  - name: dev
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- config_name: Greek_Mythology
  features:
  - name: question
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  - name: choices
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  splits:
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    num_examples: 238
  - name: dev
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  download_size: 44162
  dataset_size: 86588
- config_name: Greek_Traditions
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
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  splits:
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  - name: dev
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  dataset_size: 157235
- config_name: Law
  features:
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    list: string
  - name: answer
    dtype: int64
  - name: group
    dtype: string
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---


![image](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/682b190a4c3daf53d9661890/8qaw4K9rpccm5JUjFEyJf.png)



# GreekMMLU
GreekMMLU is a native-sourced benchmark for evaluating massive multitask language understanding in Greek, built from authentic Greek exam-style multiple-choice questions (MCQ) rather than machine-translated English benchmarks.

* **21,805 questions across 45 subjects**
* **4 high-level groups: STEM, Humanities, Social Sciences, Other**
* **Difficulty/education levels spanning Primary → Secondary → University → Professional (+ an N/A bucket)**
* **Public vs. private split for contamination-resistant evaluation: 16,857 public/4,948 private (leaderboard)**

## Structure
- **Configs**: Each subject is a separate configuration (subset).
- **Splits**:
  - `test`: Public test set (High volume)
  - `dev`: Dev/Few-shot set (5-shot)

## Usage
```python
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load specific subject 
ds = load_dataset("dascim/GreekMMLU", "Agriculture_Professional")

# Load all data combined
ds = load_dataset("dascim/GreekMMLU", "All")
```

## Links 
* **Our paper: https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2602.05150**

* **GitHub: https://github.com/mersinkonomi/GreekMMLU**

* **Private leaderboard: https://huggingface.co/spaces/yangzhang33/GreekMMLU-Leaderboard**

## What makes GreekMMLU different?
Most “Greek MMLU” style evaluations rely on machine translation from English. Instead, GreekMMLU uses original Greek content sourced or authored from real educational/professional assessments, aiming to preserve:
* **Greek morphology and punctuation**
* **Greek-specific cultural/institutional knowledge (e.g., Greek History, Greek Traditions)**
* **Realistic exam difficulty calibration**

## Task format
Multiple choice, 2–4 options, exactly one correct.
The harness prompt uses Greek option labels (Α, Β, Γ, Δ) for a fully native evaluation setup.


## Subjects (high-level)
GreekMMLU includes 45 subjects, grouped into:

* **Humanities** (e.g., Art; Greek History; Greek Literature; Greek Mythology; Law; World Religions)
* **STEM** (e.g., Mathematics; Physics; Computer Science; Electrical Engineering; Medicine)
* **Social Sciences** (e.g., Economics; Education; Government & Politics; Modern Greek Language; Accounting)
* **Other** (e.g., Driving Rules; General Knowledge; Maritime Safety and Rescue Operations)
See the paper for the full taxonomy and educational-level breakdown.

## Citation
If you use GreekMMLU in your work, please cite the paper:  
```bibtex
@article{zhang2026greekmmlu,
  title={GreekMMLU: A Native-Sourced Multitask Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models in Greek},
  author={Zhang, Yang and Konomi, Mersin and Xypolopoulos, Christos and Divriotis, Konstantinos and Skianis, Konstantinos and Nikolentzos, Giannis and Stamou, Giorgos and Shang, Guokan and Vazirgiannis, Michalis},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.05150},
  year={2026}
}
```