--- language: - el tags: - mmlu - greek - evaluation - exam license: mit task_categories: - question-answering - multiple-choice pretty_name: Greek MMLU Parquet configs: - config_name: Accounting data_files: - split: test path: Accounting/test-* - split: dev path: Accounting/dev-* - config_name: Agriculture_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Agriculture_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Agriculture_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Agriculture_University data_files: - split: test path: Agriculture_University/test-* - split: dev path: Agriculture_University/dev-* - config_name: All data_files: - split: test path: All/test-* - split: dev path: All/dev-* - config_name: Art_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Art_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Art_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Art_Secondary_School data_files: - split: test path: Art_Secondary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Art_Secondary_School/dev-* - config_name: Art_University data_files: - split: test path: Art_University/test-* - split: dev path: Art_University/dev-* - config_name: Biology data_files: - split: test path: Biology/test-* - split: dev path: Biology/dev-* - config_name: Chemistry data_files: - split: test path: Chemistry/test-* - split: dev path: Chemistry/dev-* - config_name: Civil_Engineering data_files: - split: test path: Civil_Engineering/test-* - split: dev path: Civil_Engineering/dev-* - config_name: Clinical_Knowledge data_files: - split: test path: Clinical_Knowledge/test-* - split: dev path: Clinical_Knowledge/dev-* - config_name: Computer_Networks_and_Security data_files: - split: test path: Computer_Networks_and_Security/test-* - split: dev path: Computer_Networks_and_Security/dev-* - config_name: Computer_Science_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Computer_Science_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Computer_Science_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Computer_Science_University data_files: - split: test path: Computer_Science_University/test-* - split: dev path: Computer_Science_University/dev-* - config_name: Driving_Rules data_files: - split: test path: Driving_Rules/test-* - split: dev path: Driving_Rules/dev-* - config_name: Economics_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Economics_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Economics_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Economics_University data_files: - split: test path: Economics_University/test-* - split: dev path: Economics_University/dev-* - config_name: Education_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Education_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Education_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Education_University data_files: - split: test path: Education_University/test-* - split: dev path: Education_University/dev-* - config_name: Electrical_Engineering data_files: - split: test path: Electrical_Engineering/test-* - split: dev path: Electrical_Engineering/dev-* - config_name: General_Knowledge data_files: - split: test path: General_Knowledge/test-* - split: dev path: General_Knowledge/dev-* - config_name: Geography_Primary_School data_files: - split: test path: Geography_Primary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Geography_Primary_School/dev-* - config_name: Geography_Secondary_School data_files: - split: test path: Geography_Secondary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Geography_Secondary_School/dev-* - config_name: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School data_files: - split: test path: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School/dev-* - config_name: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School data_files: - split: test path: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School/dev-* - config_name: Greek_History_Primary_School data_files: - split: test path: Greek_History_Primary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_History_Primary_School/dev-* - config_name: Greek_History_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Greek_History_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_History_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Greek_History_Secondary_School data_files: - split: test path: Greek_History_Secondary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_History_Secondary_School/dev-* - config_name: Greek_Literature data_files: - split: test path: Greek_Literature/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_Literature/dev-* - config_name: Greek_Mythology data_files: - split: test path: Greek_Mythology/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_Mythology/dev-* - config_name: Greek_Traditions data_files: - split: test path: Greek_Traditions/test-* - split: dev path: Greek_Traditions/dev-* - config_name: Law data_files: - split: test path: Law/test-* - split: dev path: Law/dev-* - config_name: Management_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Management_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Management_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Management_University data_files: - split: test path: Management_University/test-* - split: dev path: Management_University/dev-* - config_name: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations data_files: - split: test path: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations/test-* - split: dev path: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations/dev-* - config_name: Mathematics data_files: - split: test path: Mathematics/test-* - split: dev path: Mathematics/dev-* - config_name: Medicine_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Medicine_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Medicine_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Medicine_University data_files: - split: test path: Medicine_University/test-* - split: dev path: Medicine_University/dev-* - config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School data_files: - split: test path: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School/dev-* - config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School data_files: - split: test path: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School/dev-* - config_name: Physics_Primary_School data_files: - split: test path: Physics_Primary_School/test-* - split: dev path: Physics_Primary_School/dev-* - config_name: Physics_Professional data_files: - split: test path: Physics_Professional/test-* - split: dev path: Physics_Professional/dev-* - config_name: Physics_University data_files: - split: test path: Physics_University/test-* - split: dev path: Physics_University/dev-* - config_name: Prehistory data_files: - split: test path: Prehistory/test-* - split: dev path: Prehistory/dev-* - config_name: World_History data_files: - split: test path: World_History/test-* - split: dev path: World_History/dev-* - config_name: World_Religions data_files: - split: test path: World_Religions/test-* - split: dev path: World_Religions/dev-* dataset_info: - config_name: Accounting features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 80897 num_examples: 184 - name: dev num_bytes: 2155 num_examples: 5 download_size: 37423 dataset_size: 83052 - config_name: Agriculture_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 172831 num_examples: 339 - name: dev num_bytes: 2426 num_examples: 5 download_size: 73721 dataset_size: 175257 - config_name: Agriculture_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 43129 num_examples: 70 - name: dev num_bytes: 3450 num_examples: 5 download_size: 25668 dataset_size: 46579 - config_name: All features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 8888505 num_examples: 16632 - name: dev num_bytes: 115031 num_examples: 225 download_size: 3653532 dataset_size: 9003536 - config_name: Art_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 208664 num_examples: 600 - name: dev num_bytes: 1355 num_examples: 5 download_size: 85278 dataset_size: 210019 - config_name: Art_Secondary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 13992 num_examples: 39 - name: dev num_bytes: 1661 num_examples: 5 download_size: 14339 dataset_size: 15653 - config_name: Art_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 6510 num_examples: 12 - name: dev num_bytes: 3435 num_examples: 5 download_size: 10577 dataset_size: 9945 - config_name: Biology features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 152101 num_examples: 418 - name: dev num_bytes: 1994 num_examples: 5 download_size: 70481 dataset_size: 154095 - config_name: Chemistry features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 24057 num_examples: 81 - name: dev num_bytes: 1309 num_examples: 5 download_size: 17072 dataset_size: 25366 - config_name: Civil_Engineering features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 297678 num_examples: 769 - name: dev num_bytes: 2703 num_examples: 5 download_size: 110137 dataset_size: 300381 - config_name: Clinical_Knowledge features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 247231 num_examples: 633 - name: dev num_bytes: 1665 num_examples: 5 download_size: 88965 dataset_size: 248896 - config_name: Computer_Networks_and_Security features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 49424 num_examples: 86 - name: dev num_bytes: 3157 num_examples: 5 download_size: 31784 dataset_size: 52581 - config_name: Computer_Science_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 114631 num_examples: 254 - name: dev num_bytes: 2659 num_examples: 5 download_size: 55238 dataset_size: 117290 - config_name: Computer_Science_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 47791 num_examples: 104 - name: dev num_bytes: 2478 num_examples: 5 download_size: 26771 dataset_size: 50269 - config_name: Driving_Rules features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 846460 num_examples: 1658 - name: dev num_bytes: 3037 num_examples: 5 download_size: 369588 dataset_size: 849497 - config_name: Economics_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices sequence: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 123620 num_examples: 196 - name: dev num_bytes: 4535 num_examples: 5 download_size: 54930 dataset_size: 128155 - config_name: Economics_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 34202 num_examples: 86 - name: dev num_bytes: 1739 num_examples: 5 download_size: 20820 dataset_size: 35941 - config_name: Education_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 122556 num_examples: 253 - name: dev num_bytes: 1745 num_examples: 5 download_size: 51837 dataset_size: 124301 - config_name: Education_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 28880 num_examples: 41 - name: dev num_bytes: 2816 num_examples: 5 download_size: 22317 dataset_size: 31696 - config_name: Electrical_Engineering features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 227385 num_examples: 552 - name: dev num_bytes: 2429 num_examples: 5 download_size: 86302 dataset_size: 229814 - config_name: General_Knowledge features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 151693 num_examples: 351 - name: dev num_bytes: 2169 num_examples: 5 download_size: 66597 dataset_size: 153862 - config_name: Geography_Primary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 121285 num_examples: 360 - name: dev num_bytes: 1696 num_examples: 5 download_size: 55757 dataset_size: 122981 - config_name: Geography_Secondary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 16645 num_examples: 62 - name: dev num_bytes: 1363 num_examples: 5 download_size: 11296 dataset_size: 18008 - config_name: Government_and_Politics_Primary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 104965 num_examples: 280 - name: dev num_bytes: 1848 num_examples: 5 download_size: 47292 dataset_size: 106813 - config_name: Government_and_Politics_Secondary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 39301 num_examples: 75 - name: dev num_bytes: 2697 num_examples: 5 download_size: 23828 dataset_size: 41998 - config_name: Greek_History_Primary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 157790 num_examples: 464 - name: dev num_bytes: 1726 num_examples: 5 download_size: 71698 dataset_size: 159516 - config_name: Greek_History_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 58566 num_examples: 117 - name: dev num_bytes: 2473 num_examples: 5 download_size: 32542 dataset_size: 61039 - config_name: Greek_History_Secondary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 30689 num_examples: 93 - name: dev num_bytes: 1322 num_examples: 5 download_size: 20551 dataset_size: 32011 - config_name: Greek_Literature features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 4709 num_examples: 14 - name: dev num_bytes: 1505 num_examples: 5 download_size: 9494 dataset_size: 6214 - config_name: Greek_Mythology features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 84257 num_examples: 238 - name: dev num_bytes: 2331 num_examples: 5 download_size: 44162 dataset_size: 86588 - config_name: Greek_Traditions features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 155300 num_examples: 376 - name: dev num_bytes: 1935 num_examples: 5 download_size: 63041 dataset_size: 157235 - config_name: Law features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 729695 num_examples: 936 - name: dev num_bytes: 4205 num_examples: 5 download_size: 284602 dataset_size: 733900 - config_name: Management_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 243930 num_examples: 641 - name: dev num_bytes: 1960 num_examples: 5 download_size: 91560 dataset_size: 245890 - config_name: Management_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 9443 num_examples: 25 - name: dev num_bytes: 1940 num_examples: 5 download_size: 12448 dataset_size: 11383 - config_name: Maritime_Safety_and_Rescue_Operations features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 77630 num_examples: 148 - name: dev num_bytes: 2527 num_examples: 5 download_size: 34826 dataset_size: 80157 - config_name: Mathematics features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 278674 num_examples: 1118 - name: dev num_bytes: 1227 num_examples: 5 download_size: 119229 dataset_size: 279901 - config_name: Medicine_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 218411 num_examples: 462 - name: dev num_bytes: 1648 num_examples: 5 download_size: 103384 dataset_size: 220059 - config_name: Medicine_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 24734 num_examples: 72 - name: dev num_bytes: 1534 num_examples: 5 download_size: 15747 dataset_size: 26268 - config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Primary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 497939 num_examples: 1478 - name: dev num_bytes: 1325 num_examples: 5 download_size: 184118 dataset_size: 499264 - config_name: Modern_Greek_Language_Secondary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 2159134 num_examples: 880 - name: dev num_bytes: 16799 num_examples: 5 download_size: 1004786 dataset_size: 2175933 - config_name: Physics_Primary_School features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 163196 num_examples: 427 - name: dev num_bytes: 1999 num_examples: 5 download_size: 76472 dataset_size: 165195 - config_name: Physics_Professional features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 565934 num_examples: 1331 - name: dev num_bytes: 2800 num_examples: 5 download_size: 229834 dataset_size: 568734 - config_name: Physics_University features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 42783 num_examples: 71 - name: dev num_bytes: 2863 num_examples: 5 download_size: 28577 dataset_size: 45646 - config_name: Prehistory features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 22314 num_examples: 63 - name: dev num_bytes: 1809 num_examples: 5 download_size: 17218 dataset_size: 24123 - config_name: World_History features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 7526 num_examples: 20 - name: dev num_bytes: 1552 num_examples: 5 download_size: 10869 dataset_size: 9078 - config_name: World_Religions features: - name: question dtype: string - name: choices list: string - name: answer dtype: int64 - name: group dtype: string - name: subject dtype: string - name: level dtype: string splits: - name: test num_bytes: 79923 num_examples: 155 - name: dev num_bytes: 3030 num_examples: 5 download_size: 40615 dataset_size: 82953 --- ![image](https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/682b190a4c3daf53d9661890/8qaw4K9rpccm5JUjFEyJf.png) # GreekMMLU GreekMMLU is a native-sourced benchmark for evaluating massive multitask language understanding in Greek, built from authentic Greek exam-style multiple-choice questions (MCQ) rather than machine-translated English benchmarks. * **21,805 questions across 45 subjects** * **4 high-level groups: STEM, Humanities, Social Sciences, Other** * **Difficulty/education levels spanning Primary → Secondary → University → Professional (+ an N/A bucket)** * **Public vs. private split for contamination-resistant evaluation: 16,857 public/4,948 private (leaderboard)** ## Structure - **Configs**: Each subject is a separate configuration (subset). - **Splits**: - `test`: Public test set (High volume) - `dev`: Dev/Few-shot set (5-shot) ## Usage ```python from datasets import load_dataset # Load specific subject ds = load_dataset("dascim/GreekMMLU", "Agriculture_Professional") # Load all data combined ds = load_dataset("dascim/GreekMMLU", "All") ``` ## Links * **Our paper: https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2602.05150** * **GitHub: https://github.com/mersinkonomi/GreekMMLU** * **Private leaderboard: https://huggingface.co/spaces/yangzhang33/GreekMMLU-Leaderboard** ## What makes GreekMMLU different? Most “Greek MMLU” style evaluations rely on machine translation from English. Instead, GreekMMLU uses original Greek content sourced or authored from real educational/professional assessments, aiming to preserve: * **Greek morphology and punctuation** * **Greek-specific cultural/institutional knowledge (e.g., Greek History, Greek Traditions)** * **Realistic exam difficulty calibration** ## Task format Multiple choice, 2–4 options, exactly one correct. The harness prompt uses Greek option labels (Α, Β, Γ, Δ) for a fully native evaluation setup. ## Subjects (high-level) GreekMMLU includes 45 subjects, grouped into: * **Humanities** (e.g., Art; Greek History; Greek Literature; Greek Mythology; Law; World Religions) * **STEM** (e.g., Mathematics; Physics; Computer Science; Electrical Engineering; Medicine) * **Social Sciences** (e.g., Economics; Education; Government & Politics; Modern Greek Language; Accounting) * **Other** (e.g., Driving Rules; General Knowledge; Maritime Safety and Rescue Operations) See the paper for the full taxonomy and educational-level breakdown. ## Citation If you use GreekMMLU in your work, please cite the paper: ```bibtex @article{zhang2026greekmmlu, title={GreekMMLU: A Native-Sourced Multitask Benchmark for Evaluating Language Models in Greek}, author={Zhang, Yang and Konomi, Mersin and Xypolopoulos, Christos and Divriotis, Konstantinos and Skianis, Konstantinos and Nikolentzos, Giannis and Stamou, Giorgos and Shang, Guokan and Vazirgiannis, Michalis}, journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2602.05150}, year={2026} } ```