Delete EDA.py
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EDA.py
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import numpy as np
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import pandas as pd
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import seaborn as sns
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from pathlib import Path
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PATH = Path("BuildingsIncomePopulationDataset.csv")
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OUT = Path("Visualization")
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OUT.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
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sns.set_theme(style="whitegrid")
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# Load
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# Semicolon separated, decimal comma, postal codes keep leading zeros
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df = pd.read_csv(PATH, sep=";", decimal=",", encoding="utf-8-sig", dtype={"Postal code": str})
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df.columns = ["Postal_code", "Over_18", "Mean_income", "Household_size", "Buildings",
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"Households", "Population", "Median_income", "Residential_buildings"]
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print("Dimensions:", df.shape)
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num = df.columns.drop("Postal_code")
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# Verify data
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print("Residential buildings > total buildings:", (df.Residential_buildings > df.Buildings).sum())
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print("Population / (Households * Household_size), should be ~1:\n",
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(df["Population"] / (df.Households * df.Household_size)).describe().round(3), "\n")
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#Deprived data
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df["Adult_ratio"] = df.Over_18 / df["Population"].replace(0, np.nan)
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df["Income_ratio"] = df.Mean_income / df.Median_income # >1 => right-skewed income
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df["Density"] = df["Population"] / df.Buildings # residents per building
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df["Residential_ratio"] = df.Residential_buildings / df.Buildings
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print(df[num].describe().T.round(1), "\n")
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print("Skewness:\n", df[num].skew().round(2), "\n")
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core = ["Population", "Households", "Buildings", "Mean_income", "Median_income", "Household_size"]
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 3, figsize=(14, 7))
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for ax, c in zip(axes.ravel(), core):
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sns.histplot(df[c], kde=True, ax=ax, color="Steelblue")
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ax.axvline(df[c].median(), color="crimson", ls="--", lw=1, label="Median")
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ax.set_title(c); ax.set_xlabel("")
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axes[0, 0].legend()
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fig.suptitle("Distributions across postal code areas", y=1.0)
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fig.tight_layout(); fig.savefig(f"{OUT}/01_distributions.png", dpi=150); plt.close(fig)
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, len(core), figsize=(15, 3.5))
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for ax, c in zip(axes, core):
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sns.boxplot(y=df[c], ax=ax, color="lightsteelblue"); ax.set_title(c); ax.set_ylabel("")
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fig.tight_layout(); fig.savefig(f"{OUT}/02_boxplots.png", dpi=150); plt.close(fig)
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# Outliers via 1.5*IQR rule, all columns at once
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q1, q3 = df[core].quantile([.25, .75]).values
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iqr = q3 - q1
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mask = (df[core] < q1 - 1.5 * iqr) | (df[core] > q3 + 1.5 * iqr)
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print("IQR outlier counts:\n", mask.sum(), "\n")
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print("Postal codes flagged as outliers:\n",
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mask.apply(lambda s: df.loc[s, "Postal_code"].tolist()).to_string(), "\n")
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#Bivariate
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corr = df[core + ["Over_18", "Residential_buildings"]].corr(method="spearman")
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6.5))
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sns.heatmap(corr, annot=True, fmt=".2f", cmap="coolwarm", center=0, vmin=-1, vmax=1, ax=ax)
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ax.set_title("Spearman correlation")
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fig.tight_layout(); fig.savefig(f"{OUT}/03_correlation.png", dpi=150); plt.close(fig)
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print("Strongest pairs (|rho|, upper triangle):\n",
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corr.where(np.triu(np.ones(corr.shape, bool), 1)).stack().abs().nlargest(8).round(2), "\n")
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fig, axes = plt.subplots(1, 3, figsize=(16, 4.8))
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sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="Median_income", y="Mean_income", size="Population", sizes=(15, 250),
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alpha=.6, ax=axes[0], legend=False)
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lim = [df.Median_income.min(), df.Median_income.max()]
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axes[0].plot(lim, lim, "k--", lw=1); axes[0].set_title("Mean vs median income (dashed: mean = median)")
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sns.regplot(data=df, x="Population", y="Households", ax=axes[1], scatter_kws=dict(alpha=.6))
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axes[1].set_title("Inhabitants vs households")
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sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="Population", y="Median_income", hue="Household_size", palette="viridis", ax=axes[2])
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axes[2].set_title("Inhabitants vs median income")
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fig.tight_layout(); fig.savefig(f"{OUT}/04_relationships.png", dpi=150); plt.close(fig)
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#Rankings and structure
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cols = ["Postal_code", "Population", "Mean_income", "Median_income", "Income_ratio"]
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print("Highest mean income:\n", df.nlargest(5, "Mean_income")[cols].round(2), "\n")
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print("Lowest median income:\n", df.nsmallest(5, "Median_income")[cols].round(2), "\n")
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print("Largest by population:\n", df.nlargest(5, "Population")[["Postal_code", "Population", "Households", "Buildings"]], "\n")
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# Income inequality: mean/median ratio vs mean income
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fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6.5, 5))
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sns.scatterplot(data=df, x="Mean_income", y="Income_ratio", ax=ax)
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ax.set_title("Income skew (mean/median) vs mean income")
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fig.tight_layout(); fig.savefig(f"{OUT}/05_income_skew.png", dpi=150); plt.close(fig)
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