The gold standard rule means that in terms of brand positioning and advertising performance, set up a statement for the brand that can make it better than similar brands, thus reflecting that the brand is superior and superior. The contents of the gold standard rule can be as follows: emphasize leadership and professionalism; highlight the superior quality of products; establish scientific rules of use; highlight the advanced nature of the brand in technology, technology, etc.; spread the egotistical brand value and image and so on.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not apply the gold standard rule?

Choices:
- A.The slogan of a health product is "Cranes dance in Changshan, my heart flies!"
- B.The slogan of a meat brand is "The world's leading supplier of meat!"
- C.The slogan of a TV brand is "The one that doesn't flash is the best!"
- D.The slogan of a real estate is "I am the only choice in your life!"


According to the price, the contract can be divided into open contract and closed contract. The "opening price" refers to the price that can only be determined through calculation according to a certain pricing method, and the "closed price" refers to the price that has been determined at the time of the conclusion of the contract. A sale contract without a fixed price is an "open contract".

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the open contract?

Choices:
- A.Mr. Li signed a contract with the decoration company, agreeing that the total price for decoration is 120000. When checking out, the decoration company proposed that Mr. Li asked to use higher standard hardware in the decoration process, so he asked Mr. Li to pay an extra 2000 yuan.
- B.Company A and Company B sign a supply contract and agree on the unit price of the supply. Company A places the order for the second month to Company B every month, and the settlement is made according to the quantity of Company A's storage at the end of the month. If the price fluctuation of the raw material market exceeds the price of this contract by more than 10%, it can be negotiated again.
- C.When Mr. Fang and his wife divorced, they agreed that the daughter would be raised by the woman, and Mr. Fang would pay the woman a monthly maintenance fee of 2000 yuan until the child reached adulthood. If the child has additional expenses such as illness, the expenses shall be decided by both parties through consultation.
- D.Aunt Jiang is very old. With the consent of Aunt Jiang, her three sons agreed to transfer the two-bedroom in her name to the eldest son, while the other sons gave up their requirements for the property and let the eldest son take care of Aunt Jiang and take care of all the expenses.


The "hot stove effect" means that anyone in the organization who violates the rules and regulations will be punished. It gets its name because there are many similarities between touching a hot stove and imposing punishment. "Hot stove" vividly expounds the principle of punishment: first, the principle of warning. The hot stove is so hot that you don't have to touch it to know that it is hot. For example, the leaders of enterprises should often educate their subordinates in rules and regulations. Second, the principle of consistency. Every time you touch a hot stove, you are sure to get burned. As long as you violate the rules and regulations, you will certainly be punished. Third, the principle of immediacy. When you touch the hot stove, you get burned immediately. Punishment must be carried out immediately after the occurrence of the wrong act and must not be dragged on. Fourth, the principle of fairness. Whoever touches the hot stove will get burned.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not reflect the "hot stove effect"?

Choices:
- A.The prince violates the law and will be punished like ordinary people without special treatment.
- B.Don't commit a crime in person if you know it is forbidden by law.
- C.Although there is misconduct, if the party concerned does not submit a request for prosecution to the authorities, the authorities should not pursue it.
- D.The law does not favor the powerful, and the ink line does not tilt to the curved place.


Peripheral products refer to goods made by authorizing the use of characters or animals in animation, comics, games and other works.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the peripheral product?

Choices:
- A.A cultural company asked a master of art to draw a set of postcards of the twelve women of Jinling in A Dream of Red Mansions, which were printed and sold.
- B.Xiaotao made a set of clay sculptures changed by Sun WuKong in 72 to participate in the competition of handmade works of art organized by the district cultural center.
- C.An entertainment company has developed a very popular animated film, which simultaneously launches toys and costumes of the protagonist's image.
- D.Xiaoying collects photos of all the roles her idol star has played into a book and sells them among fans.


Green transportation refers to the transportation characterized by saving energy and reducing exhaust gas emissions. The ways of its implementation mainly include: reasonable selection of means and routes of transport, overcoming circuitous and repeated transportation, in order to achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction; improving the technology of internal combustion engines and the use of clean fuel to improve energy efficiency; prevent leakage in the process of transportation to avoid serious environmental harm to local areas.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to green transportation?

Choices:
- A.Imported fruits, snacks and daily necessities are transported by air and distributed through the cold chain in the city, which are distributed step by step by multi-level dealers.
- B.E-commerce carries out intensive distribution to the same area, collecting and delivering goods uniformly, so as to reduce the flow of goods and the rate of empty load as much as possible.
- C.A delivery company introduces a new model with higher fuel efficiency and larger cargo capacity, which consumes less fuel and flies farther.
- D.The transportation of logistics in a certain place makes full use of renewable fuel and hybrid power technology, and drivers are trained regularly.


A concurrent sentence is a sentence in which a facultative phrase acts as a predicate or an independent sentence. The concurrent sentence has the following characteristics: first, the predicate of the concurrent sentence is composed of verb-object phrases and subject-predicate phrases, and the object of verb-object phrases is also the subject of subject-predicate phrases. Second, most of the concurrent sentences have the meaning of causative, so the former predicate in the sentence is mostly served by the causative verb. Third, the predicate in the sentence is the purpose or result of the previous action, that is, there is a certain semantic connection between the two verbs before and after the sentence. "I asked him to give a report" is a concurrent sentence.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to a concurrent sentence?

Choices:
- A.The teacher asked me to tell you about it.
- B.I went to the library to borrow a book to read.
- C.The school calls on graduates to teach.
- D.The students chose Xiaoming as their monitor.


The right of redemption refers to the right of the pawnsman to redeem the original property by requiring the payment of the original price and other reasonable fees and interest at the expiration of the duration of the pawn. There is a certain time limit for the right of redemption.According to the relevant laws and regulations of our country and judicial interpretation, if the  pawnsman fails to redeem it after 10 years at the expiration of the pawn period, or if the unpawned period is not redeemed after 30 years, it shall be regarded as a complete sale, and the ownership of the  property shall be owned by the pawn owner.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Zhang pawned a family heirloom in the pawnshop because he needed money for his investment and agreed to redeem it three years later. Three years later, Xiao Zhang's investment failed, so he could not redeem it on time, and the pawnshop owned the family heirloom.
- B.Wang pawned his house 20 years ago without the duration of the pawn, but it has not yet been redeemed. The house can be regarded as complete sale, and Wang can no longer redeem it.
- C.Li reached an agreement with the pawnshop in 1999 to pawn an antique watch for 30,000 yuan and did not specify the duration of the pawn. Until 2009, Li still did not redeem the watch. At this time, the pawnshop can auction the watch publicly.
- D.Zhao pawned the property right of a house 15 years ago. At that time, the pawning period of the agreement was two years. Zhao is still unable to redeem it, and the house can be regarded as complete sale.


Commercial confusion means that operators engage in market transactions by deceptive means to confuse their own goods or services with those of specific competitors, resulting in unfair competition that may be sufficient to make buyers mistakenly buy.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is a commercial confusion?

Choices:
- A.A "Baiwei" beer sold by a brewer is very similar to the outer packaging of the well-known brand Budweiser, but the price is only half that of Budweiser.
- B.In the picture of the poster for the tourism promotion of Mount Tai, the mountains are undulating and the clouds are shrouded in white clouds. The "Taishan" brand cigarettes produced by a local cigarette factory also copied the picture of the poster on the cigarette box.
- C.An entertainment company runs a clubhouse called "Evening Pavilion" and hangs stills of its company's artist Zhang Wanting's film in front of the door. Many people think that this is Zhang Wanting's own clubhouse.
- D.The outer packaging of a biscuit manufacturer uses stills from the well-known cartoon "Pig Page", which is accompanied by a doll of Pig Page, which attracts a lot of small customers.


From the perspective of social governance, the occupation of fire passageways is prohibited for many times but still occurs, in addition to such factors as the lack of concept of public safety, lack of awe of life and law of the lawbreaker, inadequate supervision and so on, there are also deep-seated reasons for the difficulty of parking.With the continuous rise of car ownership in China, some residential areas are facing the problem of shortage of parking spaces. This is also the fundamental reason why some places occupy the fire passage repeatedly, and the governance measures can be managed for a while, but can not be managed for a long time. In this regard, to maintain the smooth flow of fire access and effectively solve the parking problem, we should not only manage to prevent, but also guide, which tests the effectiveness and accuracy of grass-roots social governance.

Question: Which of the following options is most likely to be discussed in this passage next?

Choices:
- A.Measures such as increasing the intensity of punishment and increasing the cost of breaking the law.
- B.A beneficial exploration in alleviating the problem of parking difficulties.
- C.The reasons for the repeated occurrence of the phenomenon of occupying the fire passageway.
- D.To explore the deep-seated causes of parking difficulties.


There are a large number of traditional villages and towns and ancient houses on the Minjiang River and its tributaries, such as the Manchu Village of the Qinjiang River, the ancient town of Minan, the "Taishan Palace" of Linpu Village, the "Nine Golden Belt" of Dacheng Village, and so on. They have similarities in type and connotation. Although they have been protected to a certain extent, their development and utilization are generally not enough, which leads to the danger of annihilation of some historical memories. With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of the scale of old city transformation, traditional villages and towns and ancient houses are bound to face the problem of how to be effectively protected.

Question: Which of the following options is most likely to be described by the author next?

Choices:
- A.Attracting investment from traditional villages and towns and ancient houses.
- B.The protection of cultural relics in traditional villages and towns and ancient houses.
- C.Development and protection of traditional villages and towns and ancient houses.
- D.The cultural connotation of traditional villages and towns and ancient houses.


Prions are structurally abnormal proteins that force normal proteins to take the same misfolded shape and spread through the tissue like an infectious disease. This is another disease-causing pathogen discovered by human beings after realizing that bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma and other microorganisms can cause disease. Therefore, if you want to successfully develop effective treatments, you need to target (targeted) active prions, rather than large amounts of proteins in dead plaques and entanglements.

Question: Which of the following options can be inferred from this paragraph?

Choices:
- A.The structure of prions is very complex.
- B.Prions are more harmful than bacteria.
- C.Prions can cause disease.
- D.Diseases caused by prions can be effectively treated.


In the face of the chronic social and psychological illness of teenagers' Internet addiction, people from all walks of life have been trying to find countermeasures. Relevant scientific research has explained the mechanism of game addiction from different angles such as biomedicine, psychology and sociology, and sought the corresponding mechanism of intervention and governance. From the point of view of biomedicine, biochemical scientists have found that game addiction should be treated as a disease of the cerebral neurodopamine system; psychologists have revealed from a large number of case studies that game addiction mostly comes from defective personality, cognitive deviation, and specific defense mechanisms that balance the inner world with the impact of external reality. Sociological research focuses on the environmental factors of life events such as national policy, social environment, family education, parent-child relationship, school teaching, social communication style and so on.

Question: Which of the following options is the author most likely to describe next?

Choices:
- A.Biochemical scientists develop drugs to treat teenagers' Internet addiction.
- B.Psychologists put forward countermeasures to solve teenagers' Internet addiction.
- C.Sociologists analyze the causes of teenagers' Internet addiction.
- D.How to solve the problem of teenagers' Internet addiction from all walks of life.


In reality, migrant workers are often faced with the problem of insufficient evidence and difficult to obtain evidence when safeguarding their rights. Statistics of cases heard by a court in city B show that about 80% of the cases in which migrant workers claim wages are due to migrant workers' lack of relevant evidence. Although labor contracts, wage cards, wage slips, bank transfer records, attendance sheets, work permits and other materials can be used as evidence that migrant workers are owed wages, but many migrant workers work with contractors only pay in cash, but there is no evidence. Coupled with the awareness that some migrant workers are lack of evidence, it may also lead to insufficient evidence to protect their rights after being owed wages.

Question: Which of the following options is most likely to be described in this passage next?

Choices:
- A.Use laws and regulations to solve the problem of insufficient evidence after migrant workers are being owed wages.
- B.Use laws and regulations to force employers to solve the problem of being owed wages for migrant workers.
- C.Need to train migrant workers to learn to use laws and regulations to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests
- D.The legal problems encountered by migrant workers in the process of asking for wages


At present, there is a problem of relative poverty in some areas, which is due to the lack of information and resources among the population in these areas. In the modern information society, people who have more information and resources can get more opportunities to get rich; on the contrary, some people who lack information and resources will be gradually divided into relatively poor people. In view of the root causes and main characteristics of relative poverty, while further increasing policy support and capital investment, and speeding up infrastructure construction, we will form the support and guarantee of multi-level resources to solve relative poverty, such as industrial poverty alleviation, financial poverty alleviation, technological poverty alleviation, information poverty alleviation, education poverty alleviation, employment poverty alleviation, cultural poverty alleviation, disaster reduction poverty alleviation, medical poverty alleviation, and so on.

Question: Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?

Choices:
- A.Relative poverty is restricted by various conditions and factors.
- B.Form the support of multi-level resources to solve relative poverty.
- C.Information and resources are the main factors leading to relative poverty.
- D.Solving relative poverty is an important content and way of poverty alleviation.


Advertising, cashing in the number of clicks and payment by members are the three main sources of income of the video platform at this stage. From the trend of domestic development in recent years, the payment mode of members of L video platform company is favored and sought after by domestic counterparts. From 2009 to 2018, the company's market capitalization increased about 60-fold and now stands out at $129.3 billion, making it an outstanding performer among many technology stocks. But even such a "giant" is now facing the pressure of membership growth, and this part of the income may not be able to fill the gap of its huge investment in the field of original content in the future.

Question: According to this passage, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- A.The advertising revenue of L company is not as high as the paid income of its members.
- B.The payment mode of the members of L company is better than that of domestic video websites.
- C.The growth of company L's market capitalization mainly depends on the income paid by its members.
- D.The click-through revenue of L company is not as good as that of other domestic video websites.


At present, China is in a period of rapid transformation of population structure, and the development of rural human resources will need to face two major problems: "the difficulty of rural labor transfer will increase" and "the overall quality of rural labor stock tends to decrease". In order to meet the requirements of agricultural and rural development, in the future, the development of rural human resources and the optimization of rural human capital structure must focus on improving the self-development ability and radiation-driven ability of rural human resources. Speed up the improvement of the overall quality of rural labor through "point-by-point", so as to effectively alleviate the current problem of increasing shortage of human resources and promote the steady development of agriculture and rural areas.

Question: Which of the following options is mainly emphasized in this passage?

Choices:
- A.Current problems in the Development of Rural Human Resources in China
- B.At present, there is an increasing shortage of human resources in rural areas.
- C.Strategies for improving the overall quality of Rural labor.
- D.Solutions to the shortage of rural labor resources.


In the face of a major epidemic, timely release authoritative information and openly and transparently respond to the concerns of the masses, which can effectively solve the problem of information asymmetry, reduce the space for the spread of false information such as rumors, and better maintain the stability of the overall social situation. For some time, relevant departments and relevant institutions have released data on confirmed, suspected, cured and dead people in a timely manner. Some Internet enterprises have used big data, cloud computing and visualization techniques to launch products such as "real-time epidemic dynamics", "epidemic map", "co-ride patient inquiry system" and "fever clinic map", which simultaneously popularize the knowledge of scientific protection and effectively meet the information needs of the public. Guide the masses to treat the epidemic rationally and enhance their awareness and ability of self-protection.

Question: Which of the following options is intended to be emphasized in this passage?

Choices:
- A.The openness and transparency of information contribute to the prevention of epidemic situation.
- B.Enhance the ability of self-protection by technical means.
- C.Popularize the knowledge of scientific protection by technical means.
- D.The openness and transparency of information meets the needs of the people for information


After quoting an article in a magazine called New Scientist, Cleary said that the role of memory is not necessarily to remember the past, but to help us move into the future. Memory sometimes uses imagination and creation to let us know what to do next. Or how to react in some cases. Some people think that they have the ability to foresee the future, but in fact, this may be a fragmented memory of the past. If the feeling of deja vu comes from an unremembered memory, it is easy to create the illusion that what happens next also comes from this memory and that you have "psychic abilities".

Question: Which of the following options does not agree with this passage?

Choices:
- A.Deja vu is not "psychic abilities".
- B.Deja vu can help us see the future.
- C.Deja vu is an incomplete memory of the past.
- D.People's memories are not necessary memories of the past.


Glucocorticoid is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex of the human body. It can regulate the synthesis and metabolism of sugars, fats and proteins. It is called "glucocorticoid" because its activity of regulating carbohydrate metabolism was first recognized by people. In addition, glucocorticoids can also regulate the inflammatory response, so they are often used as anti-inflammatory drugs to treat diseases caused by the overreaction of the immune system, such as allergies, asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Glucocorticoids are also often used to fight inflammation in cancer patients. In cells, glucocorticoids need to interact with glucocorticoid receptors to exert their physiological functions.

Question: Which of the following options is the main content of this passage?

Choices:
- A.The definition of glucocorticoid.
- B.The function of glucocorticoid.
- C.Characteristics of glucocorticoid.
- D.Properties of glucocorticoids.


Most galaxies are moving away from us, and their receding speed (redshift) is proportional to the distance of the galaxies. The coefficient of this ratio is now called the Hubble constant, which represents the current rate of expansion of the universe. One of the core tasks of observational cosmology is to measure the relationship between distance and redshift. It describes the history of the expansion of the universe, answers basic questions about the age, geometry and composition of the universe, and even tests many new physical predictions. In astronomical observation, the redshift of distant celestial bodies can be obtained accurately, but the accurate measurement of distance has always been the biggest problem for astronomers.

Question: Which of the following options is most likely to be discussed by the author next?

Choices:
- A.How astronomers accurately measure distance.
- B.How astronomers accurately measure redshift.
- C.Difficulties encountered in measuring distance.
- D.A breakthrough in measuring distance.


Install a metal rod at the top of a tall building, connect it with a buried metal plate with a wire, and discharge through the tip of the metal rod to gradually neutralize the electricity carried by the clouds and the electricity on the ground, so as to protect the building from lightning. When this practice is applied to management, it is called lightning rod effect, which refers to the method of management, that is, to dredge in advance, to prevent problems in the first place, and to lead the positive development of the situation, that is, if you are good at dredging, you can be smooth and you will certainly be at peace.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options has nothing to do with the lightning rod effect?

Choices:
- A.A city carries out the work of "all people participating in accurate fault-finding" to crack the city's blind spots and leaks in governance, so that citizens are less angry and much more satisfied.
- B.In the reconstruction of a garage in a residential area, the property owner extensively solicited the opinions of the owners and reached a consensus so that the project could be carried out smoothly.
- C.In a certain place, the law of "something is easy to discuss" consultation and discussion has been implemented, which has solved the concerns of a large number of people and resolved social contradictions.
- D.A company will hold a seminar on employee development, requiring department heads to investigate and grasp the needs of employee development before the meeting.


Intrusive thinking refers to some involuntary, recurrent and irregular disturbing thoughts that enter the individual's brain, which can cause a series of adaptive problems and induce negative emotions, including anxiety, depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to intrusive thinking?

Choices:
- A.At the end of every year, Xiao Meng, who works in other places, struggles about whether to go back to his hometown for the Spring Festival, and gets upset as a result.
- B.During this period, the stock market fluctuated greatly, and the mood of Lao Zhang, a shareholder, was as unpredictable as the stock index, and he was extremely anxious.
- C.When Xiaoqiang is in class, there is always a picture of online games in his mind, which makes it difficult for him to calm down and study.
- D.Xiao Cheng felt frustrated at the thought of the negative consequences of failing to complete the sales.


Xiao Quesang is a popular word on the Internet, which refers to small and definite depression, a small worry that continues to occur in daily life but cannot get rid of. Some experts have proposed that in the face of Xiao Quesang, people should not accept or endure it helplessly, but should make efforts to turn it into "Xiao Quexing". Xiao Quexing is the tiny and real sense of luck and happiness that happens to happen in one's own life that people vaguely expect in their hearts.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to Xiaoquexing?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Liu had a happy weekend, but he couldn't sleep at the thought of having to get up early to go to work on Monday.
- B.Xiao Zhang was determined to buy a 5G mobile phone that he had loved for a long time. When he placed an order, he found that the price of the phone was exactly reduced by 500 yuan.
- C.Xiao Huang and Xiao Fang have been in love for 10 years. Today, in the witness and blessing of their relatives and friends, they have finally entered the hall of marriage.
- D.Xiao Li doesn't like to clean his home, and he feels headache and helplessness at the thought of going back to the messy rental house after work every day.


Emotional inertia refers to the degree to which the current emotional state of an individual can be predicted by the previous emotional state. The greater the degree of prediction, the higher the level of emotional inertia. Emotional inertia, as one of the indicators of emotional dynamics, reflects the speed of emotional change.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to emotional inertia?

Choices:
- A.Winter tends to make people feel depressed, so this winter is no exception.
- B.After being criticized by the teacher, the naughty Xiao Ming finally became honest and remained well-behaved for the next few days.
- C.Master Wan has been very melancholy since his wife died six months ago. He may not get better by 01:30.
- D.Since the chief made the mobilization order in wartime, the workers in the whole factory have maintained a high mood and worked hard to produce.


Social anxiety disorder refers to the behavior that individuals have persistent and strong fear and avoidance in one or more social environments that may be examined by others.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is the social anxiety disorder?

Choices:
- A.Although he has obtained the interview qualification for the recruitment of civil servants, considering that the ranking is low and that he is always not good at expressing himself, Chen decided to give up this opportunity.
- B.As the date of the speech contest approached, Wang Gang's anxiety and pressure increased day by day, and finally he simply gave up.
- C.At the thought of speaking in public next week, Xiao Yang was so nervous that he couldn't sleep well for several days in a row.
- D.Daqiang decided not to go home for the Spring Festival this year because he was worried about being urged to get married by his parents.


The green behavior of employees refers to a series of behaviors shown by employees in the organization aimed at protecting the ecological environment and reducing the negative impact of personal activities on the natural environment, which is an important supplement to the formal green management plan of the organization. It can improve the efficiency of the green management measures of the organization, and is ultimately conducive to the sustainable development of the environment.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the green behavior of employees?

Choices:
- A.The employees of the company consciously abide by the company's regulations on the classification of garbage.
- B.The manager of the department often uses waste paper to print some informal documents.
- C.A female employee in the office would rather endure the high temperature than turn on the air-conditioner because she thought that it would be healthier to do so
- D.The cleaners of the company often collect the waste plastic bottles in the dustbin and take them home after work.


Categorization refers to the individual's perception and judgment of the position of himself or others in society, which is not only based on the criteria of different classification of social systems in real society, but also based on the process of social comparison between himself and others. Classification is divided into social classification and self-classification. Social categorization is a subjective psychological process in which individuals divide others into different groups based on the similarity of sharing. Self-categorization means that the process of an individual from an independent individual to a member of a group is realized through classification, and the attribution of the group and the orientation of membership are realized through "de-personalization".

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is the self-classification?

Choices:
- A.As long as the quality of everyone is improved, the quality of our whole people will naturally improve.Therefore, it is important to be yourself first.
- B.Xiaoming intends to apply for a position in the company, but his parents think that he is more suitable to be a civil servant.
- C.Students all say that Xiaoqian looks like a star. If she is an anchor, she must have a future.
- D.Doctor Wang is often very proud of his profession.


Deviant innovation means that while encouraging employees to innovate, organizations set up corresponding rules and regulations to restrict their innovative ideas and behaviors in order to prevent excessive autonomy from deviating from the track of organizational development. After their innovative solutions are rejected, some employees still believe that their innovative solutions will eventually bring benefits to the organization, and continue to covertly carry out the practice of innovation.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is deviant innovation?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Wang, an employee clothing designer, designed a series of new accessories for the company, but he continued to improve quietly after it was denied that it was inconsistent with the orientation of the company's development.
- B.The security guard of a university often went to class to learn a foreign language, and the captain reminded him that it was not in line with the system, so he secretly continued to observe in his spare time.
- C.Worried about affecting his job, the manager objected to Xiao Liu going to participate in the innovation skills competition held by the company, but Xiao Liu still prepared privately.
- D.Programmer Xiao Zhang uses his working time to quietly design an APP software for his friends.


Direct discrimination means that a behavior is directly targeted and has a dominant differential treatment effect on people with different gender, race, skin color, age and other non-self-selective characteristics. Indirect discrimination refers to a seemingly neutral behavior that does not target anyone, but actually results in differential treatment effect on people with different gender, race, skin color, age and other non-self-selective characteristics.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to indirect discrimination?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Wang is a female worker in an enterprise. In an assessment of her promotion to department manager, the company finally refused to promote her because her personality was too soft.
- B.An enterprise requires that all employees must take part in physical training on a regular basis. Later, the female staff and workers of the enterprise could not hold on and left one after another. As a result, the enterprise became a famous "bachelor" enterprise.
- C.The fire brigade forbids firefighters to have long hair on the grounds that it is convenient for fire prevention. As a result, there are basically no front-line female firefighters.
- D.An enterprise explicitly recruits only workers under the age of 40 on the grounds that its employees need to work overtime frequently and have high physical requirements.


Refuting rumors sometimes causes the audience to misrecord the rumors as "facts". One of the reasons is that the audience has forgotten the information of the rebuttal of the rumors, that is, the factual hallucination effect. In order to avoid this cognitive illusion, the method of "refuting and retelling rumors" can be adopted, that is,Refuting rumors sometimes causes the audience to misrecord the rumors as "facts". One of the reasons is that the audience has forgotten the information of the rebuttal of the rumors, that is, the factual hallucination effect. In order to avoid this cognitive illusion, we can use the method of "refuting and retelling rumors", that is, rumors can be restated into negative sentences, and then refuted.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to "refuting and retelling rumors"?

Choices:
- A.It is not a rumor that it is safe to eat wild animals such as rabbits.
- B.It's a rumor that even a small amount of alcohol is not good for your health.
- C.It is not a rumor that moderate smoking is not easy to cause cancer.
- D.It's a rumor that drug X is dangerous.


Studies have found that men on a low-fat diet are more likely to suffer from testosterone deficiency than other men.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The trial found that men on the low-fat diet of the Mediterranean diet had lower testosterone levels than other men.
- B.Lack of testosterone can lead to a variety of health problems, such as loss of energy, sleep disorders and hair loss.
- C.Men who control their diets in order to lose weight may increase their testosterone levels.
- D.Obesity makes men prone to testosterone deficiency, while men on a low-fat diet can lose weight


In recent years, with the development of information technology and the evolution of communication forms, a new phenomenon of "deep fraud" has emerged, which refers to processed video. Or other digital content generated by artificial intelligence technology will produce false images and sounds that look real. In early 2019, an article in a well-known international artificial intelligence magazine mentioned that the artificial Intelligence Foundation raised 10 million US dollars to develop a set of system tools. It can identify fraudulent malicious content such as deep counterfeiting through manual auditing or machine learning. This article introduces the fact that a technology start-up based in the Netherlands is trying to use the learning of adversarial machines as the main tool to detect deep fraud.

Question: Which of the following options can be inferred?

Choices:
- A.The technology of "deep fraud" is often ahead of the latest detection technology.
- B.We rely on technological progress to solve the challenges brought about by "deep fraud".
- C.Human beings cannot recognize the phenomenon of "deep fraud" like artificial intelligence.
- D.Powerful artificial intelligence technology can be used to detect false or deceptive content.


In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefined the major planets in the solar system, resulting in Pluto being excluded from the "nine planets" in the solar system. Recently, astronomers have pointed out that Pluto is the ninth planet in the solar system because it operates in a special area of the solar system, the Kuiper Belt, and it has proved to be the second most complex, most interesting and more dynamic object in the solar system than Mars.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, would most question the above astronomers' conclusions?

Choices:
- A.Pluto, which is located in the outer circle of the solar system, is very dim and is even smaller than the moon.
- B.There are other celestial bodies around Pluto's orbit, and even its moons are half its own size.
- C.The orbits of the other eight planets in the solar system around the sun are basically on the same plane.
- D.One of the necessary features of large planets in the solar system is to clean up other celestial bodies around their orbits.


A foreign company buys insects such as pseudo-walkers and crickets from farmers and processes them into powder or oil, which is then mixed with other ingredients to make delicious food that makes people unable to eat the taste of insects. The company made a profit of millions of dollars by selling the food in 2019. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization affirms the practice of the company and points out that eating insects helps to deal with food shortages and malnutrition around the world.

Question: Which of the following options is a prerequisite that must be added if the above argument is to be established?

Choices:
- A.The tight supply of food in the world will continue, and the development of new food materials such as insects can effectively cope with the growth in food demand.
- B.Insects are rich in protein, fat, vitamins, iron and other nutrients, which are large and low-cost supplementary foods.
- C.An authoritative foreign research institution said that in this century, eating insects is conducive to the growth of population and the increased consumption of protein
- D.Some regions in Asia and Africa that are short of food and the population is malnourished are vigorously developing the processing industry of insect breeding.


Studies have shown that exercise has a positive effect on the human brain, and if you keep persistent exercising, the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease will be reduced.

Question: Which of the following options can be inferred?

Choices:
- A.If the human brain does not exercise, the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease will be further increased.
- B.If you don't reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, you must not exercise.
- C.If the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease is reduced, it must be the result of persistent exercise.
- D.Persisting in physical exercise reduces the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.


The latest research shows that drinking green tea regularly is good for the cardiovascular system.The researchers followed and studied more than 100,000 participants for seven years.Participants were divided into two groups: those who drank green tea more than three times a week (those who drank green tea more than three times a week) and those who did not drink green tea (those who never drank green tea or drank green tea less than three times a week). The researchers found that those who drank green tea had a 20% lower risk of heart disease and stroke and a 22% lower risk of dying from heart disease and stroke than those who did not drink green tea.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.People who never smoked had a 14% lower risk of heart disease and stroke than those who regularly drank green tea.
- B.The flavonols contained in green tea have the effect of preventing blood clots and platelet clumping.
- C.Catechins and various vitamins in green tea can effectively delay aging and prevent cancer.
- D.Participants in the green tea group were generally older than those in the non-green tea group.


Researchers have found that Bird's egg color is strongly correlated with temperature. The results of the study showed that darker Bird's egg were more common in areas with lower sunlight intensity, while Bird's egg were generally lighter in areas with higher and warmer sunlight. The team believes that a darker shell means more heat can be absorbed, giving it a survival advantage in colder environments. Because the embryo in the egg needs a stable ambient temperature, but it does not have the ability to regulate temperature itself.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Different breeds of eggs were exposed to sunlight. Darker eggs heated up faster than lighter eggs, and their shell surfaces remained warmer for longer
- B.Rhododendrons host their eggs in the nests of more than 100 kinds of birds. In order to avoid the eggs being driven away by the nest owners, they can imitate the eggs of more than 20 types of colors
- C.To hatch chicks, a suitable temperature is very important, so in order to ensure that the chicks can break their shells smoothly, the mother bird can only stay in the nest to incubate the eggs to increase the temperature of the eggs
- D.The eggs of snakes and tortoises are mostly buried in the ground and are concealed, so they are white. However, when birds' eggs are exposed to the environment, they need markings and colors to confuse natural enemies


At around 37°C, the human body is able to use minimal power to maintain a balance of body needs. That is to say, humans can achieve maximum mobility by acquiring a small amount of energy at 37°C. Therefore, for more than a century, 37 ℃ has been regarded as the body temperature standard for human health. However, a recent study revealed that in the past century, human body temperature has been getting lower and lower under normal conditions, about 0.03 ℃ every 10 years.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, least supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The gradual development of thermometer manufacturing technology has made the measurement data more and more refined
- B.Modern lifestyles reduce human labor intensity, resulting in a decrease in metabolic rate
- C.The progress of modern medicine has reduced the frequency of human disease, and the inflammatory response has gradually decreased
- D.The greenhouse effect causes global temperature to rise, and it also makes humans cool down to fight the heat


Phosphorus is present in our DNA and is one of the building blocks of life, but how it got to Earth early on remains a mystery. Recently, scientists have tracked the "journey" of phosphorus-containing molecules from the universe to Earth by observing star-forming regions. The observations suggest that the phosphorus-containing molecules are created when massive stars form, and the newly formed stars release airflow that creates a channel in the interstellar cloud. As the star vibrated and released radiation, phosphorus-containing molecules deposited on the walls of these channels and produced a large number of phosphorus monoxide particles, which gradually converged and merged, turning from a small rock into a comet, and these comets became the "Messenger" of life and came to earth with life molecules.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most questions this conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Scientists have found that a few meteorites carry organic matter containing phosphorus-containing molecules such as phosphorus monoxide
- B.When the comet hits the earth's surface, it can generate 360,000 atmospheres of pressure and the temperature can reach 2500 ℃, which will cause unknown chemical changes in the phosphorus element in the comet crystal
- C.The early comet impact events brought 10 trillion kilograms of organic matter to the earth each year, and their entry into the earth's environment started the evolution of life on earth
- D.It is far from enough to have the necessary substances for DNA, only the probability of tens of millions or even 1 in 100,000,000 can meet the conditions required for the formation of life


Xiao Yan was looking at a shoe in the shopping mall and was struggling to decide whether to buy black or white. Xiaofang, a good friend of mine, said: "You can ask the teller whether black has the highest sales volume or white has the highest sales volume. Don't you know?"

Question: Which of the following options is most similar to the question-and-answer approach in the stem?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Zhang, who was preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination, was hesitating between the A training class and the B training class. His roommate Xiao Wang said: You go and ask the seniors and sisters who have been admitted to the graduate school to see if they applied for A or B, no. Did you know?
- B.Lao Zheng intends to buy a gift for his comrade-in-arms Lao Yuan, who is moving to a new house. He is in a dilemma between calligraphy, calligraphy and painting and artistic bonsai. His wife said, "Go to the flower shop and ask. There are not many people who move in and send art bonsai, so I don't know. do you.
- C.Xiao Mo and her boyfriend went to the Internet celebrity food street to search for food. Faced with many local specialties that they had never eaten before, they didn't know how to choose. The boyfriend said, "Let's see which store has the longest queue at the entrance, and then go to eat at which one." Bar.
- D.The Qixi Festival is coming, Xiao Wang is going to give his girlfriend a lipstick. I don't know whether her girlfriend likes the color number 001 or the color number 006. Colleague Xiaolin suggested that you can check which color number is the most popular on the Internet and choose which one.


All leading cadres who truly care about the interests of the common people will be respected by everyone; and leading cadres who truly care about the interests of the common people pay special attention to how to solve livelihood problems such as housing, medical treatment, education and pensions. Therefore, those leading cadres who do not pay attention to how to solve the problems of people's livelihood will not be respected by everyone.

Question: In order to ensure that the above argument is established, which of the following items must be added as a premise?

Choices:
- A.With the advent of an aging society, the problems of seeing a doctor and supporting the elderly are becoming more and more prominent
- B.All leading cadres who attach importance to how to solve the problems of people's livelihood will be respected by everyone
- C.People's livelihood issues such as housing, medical treatment, education and pension are the most prominent issues concerning the interests of the common people
- D.All leading cadres who are respected by everyone are leading cadres who truly care about the interests of the common people


Man is born of nature, and man and nature are in a symbiotic relationship, and damage to nature will eventually damage human beings. Therefore, only by respecting the laws of nature can we effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.

Question: From the above statement, which of the followings can be concluded?

Choices:
- A.If we do not respect the laws of nature, we cannot effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.
- B.If we do not respect the laws of nature, we cannot effectively prevent detours in the development and utilization of nature.
- C.Because man and nature are in a symbiotic relationship, the laws of nature must be respected.
- D.Humans are born from nature, so we must develop and utilize nature.


At the last meeting of the school-level professional title evaluation committee, member Professor Zhang believed that this committee was the least influential in recent years. When the principal who attended the meeting asked the reason for this judgment, Professor Zhang pointed out that most teachers could not name the committee members at all.

Question: If Professor Zhang's judgment is true, which of the followings must be assumed?

Choices:
- A.Ordinary teachers are usually not interested in the work of the professional title evaluation committee
- B.Only members of the professional title evaluation committee are qualified to evaluate whether the work of the committee is influential
- C.A teacher's familiarity with the composition of the professional title evaluation committee is an important indicator for evaluating whether their work is influential
- D.When selecting members of the title evaluation committee, the candidates are often those professors who have a high profile among the faculty


The number of fires and the area burned in the Amazon rainforest increase at an alarming rate every year. However, satellite photos show that the increase in the number of fires to the area burned last year was significantly lower than in previous years. Last year, a government spent millions of dollars on preventing and fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest. The government claimed that the satellite data showed that the government's efforts to prevent and extinguish fires had achieved remarkable results.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the government's conclusion above?

Choices:
- A.Last year the country spent significantly less on preventing and fighting fires in the Amazon rainforest than in previous years
- B.The country saw unusually large and sustained rainfall last year
- C.The number of rainforest fires and the area burned in other countries adjacent to the country have not decreased
- D.The country spends only a small percentage of annual fiscal expenditure on rainforest fire prevention and suppression


Some scientists believe that an asteroid struck what is now the Yucatan Peninsula 65 million years ago, thus causing the extinction of the dinosaurs. These scientists believe that such a blow hurled a large amount of debris into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and cooling the air. For herbivorous dinosaurs, if there is not enough sunlight and food resources, then they will perish, and no dinosaur can survive in low temperature for long. However, the scientists are also convinced that most of the debris from the asteroid will reach the ground within six months, too far to wipe out plants and freeze dinosaurs.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, would provide support for resolving the apparent discrepancy between the scientists' beliefs and facts described above?

Choices:
- A.Extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs left carnivorous dinosaurs without food source
- B.Dinosaurs were vulnerable to air pollution caused by asteroid debris, causing deadly breathing problems
- C.Dust from debris can reduce sunlight by about 20%, thereby reducing surface temperature by 7 to 10 degrees Celsius
- D.That asteroid was at least 9.6 kilometers in diameter, big enough to kill the dinosaurs by impact and the tsunami it caused


At the shareholders meeting of a travel agency, the general manager proposed: According to the current overall plan of the company, I propose to open at least one of the two routes in Europe and North America, but the South American route cannot be opened immediately due to route problems. The chairman objected.

Question: Which of the followings most accurately expresses the meaning of the chairman?

Choices:
- A.The European line, the North American line and the South American line are all open
- B.The European, North American and South American lines are all closed
- C.At most one of the two European lines and North American lines will be opened, but the South American line will be opened immediately
- D.If the South American line cannot be opened immediately, then neither the European line nor the North American line can be opened


During the grand military parade on China's National Day, the formations of the various services and arms were uniform and in step, which perfectly demonstrated the fortitude and strength of the Chinese soldiers and attracted worldwide attention. This is the result of months of hard training by soldiers. It is known that there are more than 40 players in a training group, with an average height of 1.82 meters and an average age of 24 years. In the end, all players over 23 years old and taller than 1.83 meters participated in the official military parade.

Question: Based on the above information, which of the followings can be concluded about this training group?

Choices:
- A.No players under the age of 23 will participate in the official parade
- B.Among the team members participating in the official military parade, the team members over the age of 23 accounted for the majority
- C.All players over 1.83 meters tall but under the age of 23 did not participate in the official parade
- D.Those who did not participate in the official military parade did not include players over the age of 23 and over 1.83 meters tall


Some third-year undergraduate students in the philosophy department of a university took a national English test for CET-6. Regarding the situation of the four students in the exam, the four students made the following guesses: A: All students passed. B: Xiao Zhang failed. C: Certainly not all students will pass. D: Not all students fail.

Question: If only one student guesses wrong, which of the followings is true?

Choices:
- A.A guessed wrong, Xiao Zhang passed
- B.B guessed wrong, Xiao Zhang failed
- C.C guessed wrong, Xiao Zhang passed
- D.D guessed wrong, Xiao Zhang passed


The garden has two areas, east and west. It is known that: (1) roses are planted in the east area; (2) the west area is a peony garden, where all kinds of peonies are planted; (3) there are many precious varieties of peonies in the garden, but none of them are black; (4) Rare varieties are all roses.

Question: Based on the above statement, which of the following must be false about the flowers in this garden?

Choices:
- A.There are rare varieties of peonies in the west area
- B.There are no precious varieties of roses
- C.Eastside has many precious varieties
- D.There are many rare varieties of roses


The family intends to travel to Northern Europe together, and each expresses the following wishes: Father: If they go to Norway, they will not go to Denmark and Iceland; Mother: If they do not go to Iceland, they will go to Norway and Denmark; Son: If they do not go to Norway, they will go to Sweden and Iceland. Finland.

Question: The final solution fulfills the wishes of each of the above. From the above statement, which of the followings can be concluded?

Choices:
- A.To Sweden, Finland and Denmark
- B.To Sweden, Finland and Iceland
- C.To Sweden, Denmark and Iceland
- D.To Finland, Denmark and Iceland


In the selection of cadres, A, B, C and D stood out. After further investigation, 2 of the 4 people are proposed to be at the main section level, and 2 people are to be appointed as the deputy section level. It is known that: (1) If either A or B is the main division level, then D is the main division level; (2) If either A or B is the sub division level, then C is the sub division level; (3) If D is the main division level, then C is also Ren Zhengke grade.

Question: Based on the above information, which of the followings is likely to be true?

Choices:
- A.Both A and B are at the senior level
- B.Both B and C are at the senior level
- C.Both A and C are at the senior level
- D.Both B and D are at the senior level


Among the doctors in a tertiary hospital, the number of doctors graduated from specialized hospitals is greater than the number of doctors graduated from non-specialized hospitals, and the number of female doctors is greater than the number of male doctors.

Question: If the above statement is true, then which of the following statements about the doctor in this hospital must also be true? (1) The number of female doctors graduating from non-specialized hospitals is greater than the number of male doctors graduating from specialized hospitals. (2) The number of male doctors graduated from specialized hospitals is greater than the number of male doctors graduated from non-specialized hospitals. (3) The number of female doctors graduated from specialized hospitals is greater than the number of male doctors graduated from non-specialized hospitals.

Choices:
- A.(1) and (2)
- B.only (2)
- C.only (3)
- D.(2) and (3)


The gray rhino growing on the African savannah has a huge body, giving people the illusion of being slow and safe and harmless, so they often ignore the existence of danger-when the gray rhino is provoked and attacked, it will show amazing Explosive force, the probability of stopping it is close to zero, and eventually it will cause a very destructive disaster. High probability and strong destructive power are the most important features of the "grey rhino" event. Many crisis events are more like "grey rhino" than "black swans". They do not originate from unpredictable, small-probability events ("black swans"), but are the result of the continuous evolution of high-probability, high-risk events ("grey rhino") whose existence has long been known to exist, but is due to institutional or cognitive Limitations, not actively prevented and responded to, and eventually escalated into a comprehensive systemic crisis.

Question: According to the above text, which of the following statements is correct?

Choices:
- A.Both "black swan" and "grey rhino" events are serious and unpreventable crisis events
- B.As opposed to "grey rhino", "black swan" refers to a small probability event that is not very destructive
- C.Behind many "black swan" events is the "grey rhino" crisis
- D.There is no obvious difference between "grey rhino" and "black swan" events, and they can be transformed into each other under certain conditions


It is precisely because Chinese legal history, in addition to pure theoretical research, also needs to explore and solve legal problems in contemporary China, so it is necessary to adhere to an independent Chinese position. Whether it is pure theoretical research or practical application research, it is necessary to adhere to an independent ideological position. , in order to make valuable research results. The independent position here is actually China's own position, not the position of other countries. In modern times, the unobjective and negative evaluation of Chinese law by some scholars in Western countries has affected the attitude of Chinese scholars towards the legal history of their country. To this day, this effect has not been completely eliminated and needs to be corrected.

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.Chinese legal history research needs to explore and solve legal problems in contemporary China
- B.The study of Chinese legal history is not objectively and negatively evaluated by Western scholars
- C.Chinese legal history research must adhere to the standpoint of China's own independence
- D.Chinese legal history research has been influenced by Western scholars and has not been eliminated


The researchers found that there are different kinds and huge numbers of high-dimensional geometric structures in the brain, consisting of tightly connected clumps of neurons and empty areas (voids) between them. These clumps, or cavities, appear to be critical to brain function, and when the researchers applied stimulation to virtual brain tissue, they found that neurons responded to the stimulation in a highly organized way. This means that when we think about problems, the clumps of neurons will gradually combine into higher-dimensional structures, forming high-dimensional pores or holes. The more neurons in the clump, the higher the dimension of the hole, the highest can reach 11 dimensions.

Question: According to the above text, which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- A.The more neurons in the clump, the higher the dimension of the void and the more complex the consciousness
- B.Neuronal clumps, or holes, connect to each other in a stressful way to promote thinking
- C.Neurons can respond in a highly organized manner, depending on brain function
- D.The human brain is full of multidimensional geometries and can operate in up to 11 dimensions


New research suggests that the Martian surface may contain a toxic chemical compound called magnesium perchlorate, which destroys bacteria when exposed to ultraviolet light. The researchers exposed Bacillus subtilis to short-wave ultraviolet radiation, in conditions similar to those on the surface of Mars, and found that magnesium perchlorate is highly bactericidal, meaning it can potentially kill all bacteria. Bacillus subtilis loses viability within minutes as long as magnesium perchlorate is present. At the same time, the researchers found that two other substances on the Martian surface, iron oxide and hydrogen peroxide, were combined with magnesium perchlorate to enhance their germicidal properties by a factor of 10. This finding shows that the Martian surface is very dangerous for cells. In the long run, it may have an impact on subsequent Mars exploration, especially it may greatly increase the cost of human development of Mars.

Question: Which of the followings is the emphasis of this text?

Choices:
- A.Magnesium perchlorate has miraculous effect on killing Bacillus subtilis
- B.A way has been found to disinfect the surface of Mars
- C.Mars itself has the ability to sterilize and purify
- D.Mars is less hospitable to life than thought


In the era of mobile reading, the influence of self-media cannot be underestimated. Due to its wider communication paths and distribution channels, it has received a high degree of public attention, and self-media people have a certain right to speak. Compared with traditional media organizations, some self-media people are indeed not inferior, and their credibility has brought them benefits. However, credibility is a double-edged sword. We-media people must not only see the interests behind the traffic, but also recognize the negative effects of abusing their credibility. Miscalculated. The consequences of abusing the right to speak will directly affect the credibility that you have built up so hard, and you will lose the support and attention of the public.

Question: Which of the followings is the emphasis of this text?

Choices:
- A.Self-media has a strong influence
- B.We self-media people should not only focus on profits
- C.Self-media people should seek public support
- D.The right to speak in the self-media cannot be abused


Chinese research institutions recently announced that the world's first fully superconducting tokamak "Eastern Hyperloop" (EAST) achieved stable 12-second steady-state long-pulse high-confinement plasma operation, setting a new world record. This marks that EAST has become the first tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device in the world that can achieve steady-state high-confinement mode operation with a duration of hundreds of seconds. EAST is 11 meters high, 8 meters in diameter, and weighs 400 tons. It is the fourth-generation nuclear fusion experimental device in my country. Humans provide a steady stream of clean energy, so it is also called "artificial sun".

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.It is imperative to vigorously develop clean energy
- B.Fusion technology could create clean energy
- C.It is difficult to build a real "artificial sun" in the short term
- D.Revolutionary breakthrough in 'artificial sun' device


A research team asked 22 volunteers aged 17 to 42 to use electronic devices as usual every night for two weeks, but wore blue-light blocking glasses for three hours before going to bed, and found that their evening melatonin levels increased by about 58%. The increase was even greater than the change brought about by taking melatonin supplements. The volunteers felt sleepy eyes improved, fell asleep faster, and slept longer overall. The largest source of blue light, the researchers said, was sunlight, but most LED-based devices also emit blue light, and "artificial blue light" activates responses to melatonin. Inhibits intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells, thereby interfering with sleep. The researchers recommend using less electronic devices before going to bed, or wearing blue light blocking glasses.

Question: Which of the following options can be derived?

Choices:
- A.Blue light from electronic devices reduces melatonin secretion and promotes sleep
- B.Natural sunlight does not activate intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells
- C.Not Wearing Blue Light Blocking Glasses Before Bed Can Increase Melatonin Levels Overall
- D.Boosting melatonin levels helps fall asleep faster and improves salivation quality


The first condition for the existence of life is liquid water, and whether a planet is habitable depends on whether the surface temperature can support the existence of liquid water. The surface of ice planets or ice moons was originally covered with ice and snow. Previous studies have believed that as the radiation of stars increases, the ice and snow on its surface will eventually melt to form liquid water, which is suitable for life. However, the latest research proves that as the star's radiation increases, the ice planet or ice moon will directly enter the extremely hot greenhouse escape state, the surface temperature will rise above 100 degrees Celsius, and liquid water cannot exist. Once the ice and snow melt, the sudden reduction in the reflectivity of the planet's surface makes it much more capable of absorbing stellar radiation. In addition, after the ice and snow melt, a large amount of water vapor enters the atmosphere, and the strong greenhouse effect further increases the surface temperature.

Question: Which of the following statements is consistent with the original?

Choices:
- A.Habitable planets don't actually exist
- B.Icy planets or icy moons aren't actually habitable
- C.Icy planets or icy moons don't actually have ice
- D.Greenhouse escape state stops ice melting


While traditional media are still figuring out what content the audience likes, algorithmic recommendation has quickly won a large number of users. The transformation of media technology has reshaped the production and distribution of news products, and also reconstructed the content ecology of new media. In the face of the omnimedia era, we need to use mainstream values to relieve "algorithmic anxiety", use social responsibility to regulate "content production", use high-quality platforms to gather "wisdom of everyone", and provide more and better positive energy and main theme content. Make the public opinion sky clearer and the public opinion ecology healthier.

Question: Which of the followings is the best title for this text?

Choices:
- A.Add the wings of algorithm distribution to traditional media content products based on mainstream values
- B.Enhance mainstream value supply and relieve technical problems in the production and dissemination of new media content
- C.In the face of algorithm anxiety and traffic anxiety, mainstream media must maintain their focus on mainstream value content
- D.Relieving "algorithmic anxiety" with mainstream values: building a healthy and active new media content ecology


A survey by the World Health Organization pointed out that sugar addiction is more harmful than smoking, and long-term consumption of foods with high sugar content will significantly shorten people's lifespan. In recent years, Chinese consumption of sugar has remained high, especially among children. According to survey data, 10 years ago, children in my country drank 715 ml of beverages per day, which has doubled 10 years later. Most beverages currently on the market contain 8% to 11% sugar, and a 500ml bottle of beverage contains between 40g and 55g of sugar. Medical experts recommend that the daily intake of added sugars for adults should not exceed 50 grams, preferably less than 25 grams. Children should not consume more than 25 grams of added sugars per day. However, the amount of added sugar in just 1 drink already exceeds the bottom line of recommended values. As everyone knows, while we are feasting and eating sugar, sugar is quietly "eating" our health.

Question: Which of the followings is the best title for this text?

Choices:
- A.Sweet temptation, irresistible
- B.Action to reduce sugar consumption is urgent
- C.Sugar addiction is more harmful than smoking
- D.Low-sugar diet for health


Cockroaches reproduce in two ways: sexual reproduction and parthenogenesis. When cockroach females live in groups consisting entirely of females, parthenogenesis occurs and eggs are laid earlier. The researchers tested the effects of cockroach sex and estrogen on parthenogenesis through experiments. First, a female cockroach was kept together with a castrated male cockroach, and it was found that the timing of the female cockroach laying eggs did not change; then, the males were provided with estrogen on a regular basis, causing them to live in female groups. False, but their spawning time is not advanced either. Based on this, the researchers speculate that cockroaches need female-specific chemical signals to complete parthenogenesis, not because of the participation of sex hormones or other chemical signals

Question: According to the above text, which of the following statements is correct?

Choices:
- A.Male presence affects cockroach spawning timing
- B.Pure female group living accelerates cockroach reproduction
- C.Regular supply of estrogen does nothing for cockroaches
- D.Parthenogenesis or dependence on female-specific chemical signals


Technology is a "double-edged sword". Proper application can benefit society and the people. Improper application can harm society and people. At present, from the perspective of the whole world, the threat of network security is increasing, and the problem of information security is becoming more and more prominent. Without network security, there would be no national security, and without information security, it would be impossible to make informatization better for the people. In the information age, people enjoy many conveniences brought by digital life. However, Internet hackers, Internet fraud, and invasion of personal privacy have made many people "sucked". It can be seen that the more in-depth the application of informatization is, the more attention must be paid to the issue of information security.

Question: Which of the followings is the emphasis of this text?

Choices:
- A.It is necessary to improve laws and regulations to provide legal guarantee for digital life
- B.Solve information security problems and improve the safety factor of digital life
- C.Reduce the cost of informatization application, improve people's well-being, and benefit the society
- D.To improve the quality of digital life, it is necessary to strengthen the means of information technology


Hundreds of medical institutions around the world claim that stem cell therapy can repair damaged tissue cells in multiple sclerosis patients. Experts point out that these agencies advertise directly to patients that they can cure diseases when there is actually no evidence that they work or cause harm. In this case, dealing with advertising is necessary, and certain types of stem cell transplants, such as those using blood or skin stem cells, have been approved by oversight agencies after extensive clinical trials have been shown to treat certain types of cancer and to allow burn patients to undergo skin grafts. While stem cell therapies are promising, many potential stem cell therapies are still in the early stages of development, have yet to be approved by regulators, and require rigorous clinical trials and regulatory procedures to determine whether they are safe and effective, experts said.

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.Blood and skin stem cells have been widely used in therapy
- B.Stem cell therapy still has certain risks
- C.Regulators should introduce effective advertising management measures
- D.Developing cell and tissue therapies remains a huge challenge


Recently, a number of emotional intelligence education institutions have launched corresponding packages for different age groups. "Emotional intelligence classes" are popular among parents. Emotional intelligence is the ability to control and manage emotions, and it plays an important role in people's life and work. However, in the hearts of many people, the connotation of emotional intelligence has been alienated. The earliest concept of emotional intelligence is very different from the popular concept of emotional intelligence today. Many people's understanding of emotional intelligence is another way of saying sophistication and flattery. In fact, the core of emotional intelligence is not only the ability to recognize and control one's own emotions, but also the ability to communicate with others and integrate into the collective. The cultivation of these two abilities needs to be practiced in daily life. Whether children can develop good emotional control and social skills depends to a large extent on their parents, and no EQ training can replace the EQ training in daily life.

Question: Which of the followings is most likely to be described next?

Choices:
- A.Emotional intelligence tutoring should arouse great attention from parents
- B.Parents' practice in family education
- C.Parents should view emotional intelligence training courses rationally
- D.Need to cultivate and improve parents' emotional intelligence


Impression management is the process by which people try to control the impressions others form about themselves. The impression a person leaves on others indicates how others perceive, evaluate, and even shape other people's specific ways of coping with them. Therefore, in order to leave a good impression on others and get good evaluation and treatment from others, people will express themselves in a way that creates a specific impression on others. The use of impression management, especially to avoid certain performance collapses, including unintentional movements, untimely intrusions, farce, etc.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following reflects the use of impression management?

Choices:
- A.When the night was quiet, Sha Zilong closed the door, danced out a set of soul-breaking guns, smiled and said, "No teach, no teach"
- B.Xu Heng saw people picking pears on the roadside to quench their thirst, and he was unmoved, saying, "Although there is no owner of a pear, my heart has a owner."
- C.Xiaomei, who has always been quiet and gentle, couldn't bear the sadness of parting with her classmates when she graduated, and suddenly burst into tears.
- D.In order to motivate Yue Fei to fight against gold, Yue Fei's mother stabbed four words on his back with a needle: "Serve the country with loyalty"


Synesthesia is a phenomenon in which stimulation of the sensory organs causes other sensations of a completely different nature. It is the result of the interaction between different senses, and it is also a conditioned reflex phenomenon. Synesthesia is present in all senses and manifests in individual differences. In real life, because the appearance of a certain property of things is often accompanied by the appearance of another property of things, a fixed conditional connection is formed between the sensations caused by these two properties of things.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is not synesthesia?

Choices:
- A.When Xiao Xu saw the walls painted blue, his whole body was full of coolness
- B.The aroma of various dishes floated, and Xiao Liu heard the melody change
- C.Xiao Li is very warm to people, people say he is like a fire
- D.Seeing the mobile phone number written on the paper, Xiao Feng felt numb


The preference of pain empathy refers to the individual's perception, judgment and emotional response to the pain of others.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not have a preference of pain empathy is?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Ming jumped up with joy when he saw that the white bone spirit in "Journey to the West" was beaten to death by Sun Wukong
- B.Xiao Zhang saw the unfortunate drowning of foreign tourists, and never dared to swim in that river again
- C.Xiao Li jumped on the stage to hold Xi Er while watching the opera "The White-Haired Girl", so that Huang Shiren would not take it away
- D.When Xiaohong listened to her grandmother recalling her hard times in the old society, she couldn't help crying


Heat conduction is a heat transfer phenomenon when there is no macroscopic motion in the medium, which can occur in solids, liquids and gases, but strictly speaking, only in solids is pure heat conduction, in fluids (generally refers to liquids and gases) In another case, even if the fluid is in a static state, natural convection will occur due to the density difference caused by the temperature gradient, so thermal convection and heat conduction may occur simultaneously in the fluid.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not have heat conduction phenomenon is?

Choices:
- A.The high temperature water in the upper layer of the ocean and the low temperature water in the lower layer are exchanged due to the temperature difference
- B.One end of the iron rod is placed in hot water, and the temperature of the other end increases
- C.The sun shines, causing the earth's surface temperature to rise
- D.Add cold water to hot water, the hot water becomes lukewarm


Pro-environmental behavior refers to the behavior of individuals to improve the structure of the ecosystem by reducing or eliminating the negative impact of their own activities on the environment. Its essence is to achieve environmental improvement by effectively alleviating environmental problems, and its core task is to construct a stable environment friendly society.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is a pro-environmental behavior?

Choices:
- A.Afforestation
- B.Low carbon travel
- C.Water flowing out in a trickle takes a long time to exhaust
- D.Reclaim land from the sea


Positive reinforcement refers to rewarding and affirming a behavior with an attractive outcome in the hope of repeating the behavior under similar conditions. Negative reinforcement refers to the withdrawal or reduction of unpleasant stimuli when the behavior occurs, which can also increase the frequency of the behavior.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is positive reinforcement?

Choices:
- A.I reflect on myself many times a day
- B.Killing chickens and scaring monkeys as an example
- C.Under the attempting reward, there must be a brave man
- D.Get off lightly and make meritorious deeds


The connotation of social computing includes two levels: one is the computing of society, and the other is the socialization of computing. The computerization of society refers to the tracking, retrieval, compilation, measurement and calculation of people's social activities through the massive and interrelated data footprints left by people on the Internet. The socialization of computing means that the Internet has created an environment and a platform that enables people to widely participate in the computing process, thereby achieving higher efficiency in data mining, analysis, and application.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following phenomena qualifies as computational socialization?

Choices:
- A.A shopping platform regularly recommends products to users based on their shopping experience
- B.A mobile phone navigation software can automatically generate a month's whereabouts map for users
- C.The whole class collaborates to make a beautiful photo album after the summer fieldwork
- D.After Xiao Chen donated anonymously on the crowdfunding platform, the recipient sent a thank you letter to the door


Externalities refer to the beneficial or harmful effects of the production and consumption behaviors of economic agents on the production and consumption behaviors of other economic agents. A positive externality means that the activities of an individual economic agent benefit others or society at no cost to the beneficiaries. Negative externalities refer to the fact that the activities of an individual of economic behavior cause harm to others or society, but the person who causes the negative externality does not bear the cost for it.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is a positive externality?

Choices:
- A.A steam locomotive passing through the farmland shoots sparks to the ears of wheat planted by farmers
- B.The shrill whistle of a fast-moving train scare away birds that eat rice in the farmland
- C.A factory built a poverty alleviation workshop in the village to facilitate the nearby employment of the villagers
- D.A factory discharges a large amount of waste water and harmful gases, which brings health hazards to the surrounding residents


Illusion is a distorted or distorted perceptual experience that does not conform to the characteristics of the stimulus itself. In life, the interpretation based on perceptual experience is obviously distorted or even wrong. Hallucinations are unreal perceptions that occur without the direct action of the corresponding external objective things. Illusion has characteristics similar to real perception, but it is illusory. Normal people may experience hallucinations in certain special states, such as intense emotional experience accompanied by vivid imagination, memory, or anticipation, nervous emotions, or in a hypnotic state. Hallucinations can also occur during sleep or waking states.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is a hallucination?

Choices:
- A.The cup bow has the shadow of a snake, and the grass and trees are suspicious
- B.Never get tired of seeing each other, only Jingting Mountain
- C.Your figure still appears in front of my eyes all day long, and your voice still echoes in my ears
- D.The cicadas sang loudly, but the woods seemed extraordinarily quiet; the birds chirped, and the deep mountains were quieter than usual


Social contraction refers to the continuous loss of population in human settlements, which leads to the spatial decline of the economic and social environment and culture of the corresponding region. According to whether the contraction behavior is a planning strategy or management measure actively adopted by the settlement actors, it can be divided into active social contraction and passive social contraction.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is an active social contraction?

Choices:
- A.A city's urban population has declined due to the relaxation of the core area functions
- B.In 2019, China's Spring Festival population migration scale is nearly 3 billion people
- C.A large coal-producing county has reduced employment absorption capacity due to resource depletion
- D.A manufacturing base has a high vacancy rate due to industrial upgrading


Food additives are an important part of the modern food industry. The use of food additives in accordance with regulations is harmless to the human body, and can improve the quality of food, and play the role of antiseptic and fresh-keeping. It is precisely because of the development of food additives that a large number of convenience foods have brought great convenience to people's lives. Without food additives, most foods are either unsightly, unpalatable or difficult to keep fresh, or are expensive.

Question: If any of the followings is true, which of the followings best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Food additives are as old as human civilization, such as the brine used to order tofu
- B.If no additives are used, food can cause food poisoning due to the action of microorganisms
- C.Claiming that there are no food additives is often a gimmick created by businesses to cater to consumers' psychology
- D.Melamine is also an additive, which can be used as a superplasticizer in cement


Soaring carbon dioxide emissions are causing global warming, putting glaciers in the Himalayas where Mount Everest is at risk of shrinking dramatically. The study shows that the rapid melting of glaciers occurs in the glacial-concentrated areas of Mount Everest at an altitude of 5,000 to 6,000 meters, and these places will only see ice in winter and not during the warmer season. Experts theorize that the rate of glacier loss in the Himalayas is likely to accelerate based on future climate change trends, and if temperatures continue to rise as predicted over the course of the century, the region's glaciers will eventually disappear.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The area of glaciers in the Himalayas is shrinking by about 0.1% to 0.6% per year
- B.Glaciers elsewhere in the Himalayas insensitive to temperature changes
- C.Glacier coverage around Mount Everest has decreased by 3% in the past 50 years
- D.The glaciers above 7,000 meters above sea level on Mount Everest show no signs of rapid melting


When the market competition is very fierce, if an enterprise does not advance bravely and create competitive products, and also retreats in time, voluntarily abandons the favorite, and abandons the market that has no prospects, then the enterprise will eventually fall into crisis. .

Question: If the above statement is true, which of the followings can be inferred from this?

Choices:
- A.In the context of fierce competition, a company fails to create a competitive product and will eventually be eliminated.
- B.In the context of fierce competition, a company can avoid the crisis by retreating in a critical moment and turning to other markets.
- C.In the context of fierce competition, a company may not be eliminated if it abandons a declining industry and turns to the development of new products.
- D.In the context of fierce competition, a company has developed a competitive product, and it will not fall into crisis in the end.


Academics have long believed that the first people to arrive in Australia were Europeans. But studies have pointed out that East Africans from what is today Tanzania were the first to reach Australia. Archaeologists have discovered a coin from the central African trading city of Kilwa (now Tanzania) on Elko Island in Australia. As a result, it has been suggested that East Africans may have arrived in Australia hundreds of years before the first European explorers.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above statement?

Choices:
- A.The coin's weight size differs from the common kilwa coins
- B.Kilwa Island has had trade links with India since the 13th century
- C.East Africa and Oceania had frequent trade exchanges between the 11th and 16th centuries
- D.The Portuguese attacked Kilwa and Elko in 1505 and left behind this coin


The psychologists examined 450 middle-aged men and women, ranging from white-collar and blue-collar workers to skill-judgment and decision-makers. It turns out that executives in key positions are generally fatter than the average employee. The researchers believe that the stress of making many decisions is relieved by diet, which ultimately changes the eating habits of executives to a certain extent. If you are lucky enough to get promoted, you will find that it is not only salary changes. more, and his waistline is also getting thicker, along with the weight gain.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most casts doubt on the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.In comparison, skill-judging people have smaller waists, and decision-making people have larger waists
- B.Comparatively speaking, it is more difficult for senior executives to take time out to exercise to shrink their waistlines
- C.For each job level promoted, the average waist circumference of the skill-judging group will decrease by 0.5 centimeters
- D.Decision-making people increase their waist circumference by an average of 0.28 cm for each job level promoted


A new study has found that the world's green sea turtles are increasingly "feminized". Experts estimate that by 2100, about 93 percent of newborn green sea turtles will be female. Research has shown that the main factor in determining the sex of green sea turtles is the temperature of the sand surrounding the turtles when they hatch. If the temperature of the sand is between 28 and 30 degrees, the proportion of green sea turtles hatching is about the same; if the temperature is higher than this range, the green sea turtles hatching are mostly female, on the contrary, most of the green turtles are male.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above assertion?

Choices:
- A.Green sea turtles will eventually fail to reproduce normally and eventually become extinct on the earth
- B.The green sea turtle is an animal whose sex is determined by the temperature at which it hatched
- C.Greenhouse effect will cause global warming problem to become more and more serious
- D.Continued rise in temperature increases green turtle hatching mortality


The closest distance from the earth to Mars is about 55 million kilometers, and the farthest is more than 400 million kilometers. Only when the angle between the earth and Mars is 70° can the probe reach Mars as scheduled. Therefore, my country is expected to launch a Mars probe in 2020, and the following year. Landing on Mars, an aerospace expert commented: "If this opportunity in 2020 cannot be seized, then the next suitable launch time will be delayed until at least 2022."

Question: Which of the followings is the premise that needs to be supplemented for the above-mentioned expert's comment to be established?

Choices:
- A.After the Mars rover is launched, it will take no less than 7 months of flight to reach the orbit of Mars
- B.China needs to launch a Mars probe in 2020 to narrow the gap with Western space powers as soon as possible
- C.The relative near point of Earth and Mars occurs about every 15 years, and the year when the two are close is the best time to land on Mars
- D.Launching a Mars rover must wait until the Earth and Mars form a certain angle, and this opportunity only occurs every 26 months


Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), commonly known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A research team found that the development of ALS is closely related to the number of AM bacteria in the gut. The researchers observed and compared gut microbiota and blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples from 37 ALS patients and 29 healthy relatives. They found differences in gut bacterial strains, one of which was linked to nicotinamide production. In addition, nicotinamide levels decreased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of these ALS patients.

Question: Which of the followings is a prerequisite for the above research findings to hold?

Choices:
- A.Microbes in the human gut are very complex
- B.Nicotinamide is a metabolite of gut microbial AM bacteria
- C.ALS symptoms reduced after mice supplemented with nicotinamide
- D.Changes in human gut bacteria linked to disease progression in ALS


Most of the earth's surface is covered by oceans, and life is born in the oceans. However, it is estimated that 80% of Earth's species live on land, compared to only 15% in the oceans and the remaining 5% in freshwater. The researchers believe that the physical layout of terrestrial habitats may be more fragmented than the ocean, which is one of the main reasons for the greater diversity of terrestrial species.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, would most strengthen the researcher's argument?

Choices:
- A.The earth's surface can be divided into five temperature zones: tropical zone, south temperate zone, north temperate zone, southern frigid zone, and northern frigid zone. Each temperature zone has great differences in species and rich species.
- B.The deep sea is basically like a refrigerator relative to the shallow, sunny coastal areas, and the door has been closed for a long time, and the species is far less abundant than the shallow sea.
- C.Over time, natural selection can even turn different groups of the same species on two islands into distinct species, according to records from one archipelago.
- D.Forests cover a lot of land, and leaves and branches create new habitats, as do corals in the ocean, but less so on the seafloor.


In recent years, "brain-like computing" has moved from concept to practice, and is exploring a new way to create human-like intelligence. The so-called "brain-like computing" refers to devices, models and methods that simulate, simulate and draw lessons from the structure of the brain's nervous system and information processing processes, and its goal is to create a brain-like computer. However, some people have questioned: the mystery of the brain has not been revealed, and we still do not understand the basic principles behind intelligence. How can we create a brain-like computer with "brain intelligence"?

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best refutes the above question?

Choices:
- A.The device speed of brain-like computer is a million times that of biological neurons and synapses. Once intelligence is generated, the consequences are unpredictable
- B.The ethical system and risk assessment of "brain-like computing" must be developed simultaneously with the technological invention of "brain-like computing"
- C.Revealing the mysteries of the brain and inventing brain-like computers are complex processes of interaction, not a simple relationship of "the former determines the latter"
- D.More than 10 "brain-like computing" research projects have been launched in China, bringing together the advantageous research forces of various universities, scientific research institutions and enterprises


The development of metamaterials is to combine artificial composites with different electromagnetic response properties according to specific rules. The properties of these materials are not only determined by the material itself, but also closely related to the shape, size, arrangement and combination of its structure. By changing the structure and size of the key locations of metamaterials, people can achieve arbitrary bending and fine "reduction" of light waves, radar waves, radio waves, sound waves and even seismic waves like building blocks. For example, with the help of a thin layer of metamaterial that allows light to bypass the object, researchers began to study the "invisibility cloak" that makes the object invisible.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of metamaterials introduced in this paragraph?

Choices:
- A.Development principle
- B.Application field
- C.Classification standard
- D.Design intention


A few days ago, young people known as "Internet aborigines" are becoming the main consumers of cultural products such as movies and TV dramas, and their preferences shape the direction of the market and the direction of creation. On the positive side, this is conducive to the formation of an effective docking between the supply and demand of creative products, so as to stimulate production and activate the market potential, but on the other hand, over-reliance on market demand may also lead to the creator's medium-and long-term loss. The new generation of young people have diverse interests and do not have a high degree of attention. in many cases, the resulting market demand does not have medium-and long-term vitality. If creators and producers blindly follow the ever-changing interests of young people, they will inevitably lose sight of one or the other and fall into a passive position. Therefore, creators and producers should carefully study the social basis and real and effective needs behind these interests.

Question: Which of the following paragraphs highlights the problems in the cultural and creative industry?

Choices:
- A.Blindly cater to the preferences of the audience
- B.Lack of medium-and long-term planning
- C.Insufficient supply capacity of products
- D.Lack of innovation in content and form