"Grain depends on land growth, but food productivity depends on the development of technology" is General Secretary Xi Jinping's strategic deployment for food security. The simultaneous development of "software and hardware" will help improve agricultural productivity and land output. With the injection of modern scientific and technological means, agricultural scientific and technological innovation not only helps farmers continue to overcome the impact of the epidemic, but also makes agricultural production more accurate and efficient. Yuan Longping's super hybrid rice, Li Denghai's compact hybrid corn... A batch of international leading grain varieties have been continuously cultivated. From the barren "Douli field" to the high-yield "tons of grain field", from "sweat dripping into the soil" to "contactless spring ploughing", from "unpredictable disasters" to "high-tech disaster prevention", modern technology has helped my country's farming Injected "hardcore productivity". This means that there is a bumper harvest of grain, sufficient stocks, and food is stored in the people, so that the country will be prosperous and the people will be safe.

Question: Which of the followings is the best title for this text?

Choices:
- A.The people are the foundation of the country, and the food is the life of the people
- B.The word "stable" in grain production takes the lead
- C.To store food in the people can make the country prosperous and the people safe
- D.Improve the level of science and technology to ensure food security


Generally speaking, many cities are distributed along the main traffic lines between urban agglomerations, which gather a large number of industries and populations, thus forming an economic belt. Strengthening economic belt planning and urban construction along the economic belt is an important aspect of building a modernized regional development system and promoting coordinated regional development. To this end, it is necessary to rely on important traffic arteries to gather economic factors, form a vertical or horizontal axis of economic development, and give full play to its role in coordinating regional coordinated development. For example, the coastal economic belt, the Yangtze River economic belt, the Longhailan new economic belt and the Beijing-Guangzhou-Beijing-Kazakhstan economic belt have gathered a large number of people and industries, and the distribution of cities is also relatively dense, forming a relatively obvious economic development axis, which has become the mainstay of economic development. The main economic skeleton connecting the east to the west and connecting the south to the north.

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.The construction of the economic belt is of great significance to the coordinated development of the region
- B.My country's regional economic development should rely on the construction of urban agglomerations
- C.Traffic arteries undertake the major mission of gathering economic elements
- D.Forming the axis of economic development is the long-term goal of urban agglomeration construction


As early as the pre-Qin period, my country gradually formed a blending pattern with Yanhuang and Huaxia as the cohesive core, and the "people of the five directions" shared the world. Qin's "books are in the same language, cars are in the same track, weights are in the same scale, and actions are in the same class", which opened the course of the development of China's unified multi-ethnic country. Since then, no matter which ethnic group came to dominate the Central Plains, it was their duty to unify the world, and they all regarded themselves as the orthodox Chinese culture. Divided as the Southern and Northern Dynasties, they all claim to be Chinese orthodox; confrontation, such as Song, Liao, Xia and Jin, are called "Peach Blossom Stone"; unified, such as Qin and Han, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also "The customs and enlightenment in all parts of the world are exactly the same, and the decrees of Kyushu are uniform.". The heroic style of Qin and Han Dynasties, the weather of the Tang Dynasty, and the prosperous times of Kang and Qian are all the histories forged by all ethnic groups. Today, to realize the Chinese Dream, we must rely on the strength of the people of all ethnic groups.

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.Our long history is written by all ethnic groups
- B.Our vast territory is jointly developed by all ethnic groups
- C.Our splendid culture is created by all ethnic groups
- D.Our great spirit is cultivated by all nationalities


The immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge is the first deep-water immersed tunnel in the world in the history of the World Island Tunnel Project, which is of epoch-making significance. The design life of the bridge's main structure is as long as 120 years, which means that for more than a century, the core structure of the bridge body, especially the 6.7-kilometer-long immersed tunnel, cannot have the slightest quality problem. The tunnels of the bridge are connected by 33 sections of immersed tubes, each of which is equivalent to a fully loaded "Liaoning" aircraft carrier. Such a huge immersed tube also has to ensure the strict error limit of less than 0.5 mm, which makes it impossible to have the slightest error in the transportation process. Therefore, engineers specially built a prefabrication factory for immersed pipe sections in Niutou Island, Guishan, not far from the bridge, and used the most advanced assembly line for production.

Question: Regarding the Zhuhai-Hong Kong-Macao Bridge, which of the followings is the main statement of this article?

Choices:
- A.Design criteria for the main structure
- B.Strict control of quality during construction
- C.Measures to ensure the quality of the core structure
- D.Significance in the history of bridges in the world


There are three traditional standards of civilization, namely writing, bronzes and cities. However, many archaeologists later discovered that due to the differences in civilizations in different regions, this criterion not only does not work, but also hinders archaeological work. Nowadays, the international standard for judging civilization is mainly: it has entered the state and social form, and has a set of etiquette system and governance management system. Although the Liangzhu culture did not have bronze wares and relatively mature characters, it had an early state and social form, a relatively complete etiquette system and management system, and many elements of oriental civilization. Some archaeological researchers of the Liangzhu Culture even believe that the Liangzhu Culture is a comprehensive civilization in the early East.

Question: Which of the followings is the emphasis of this text?

Choices:
- A.Cities should be the primary criterion for identifying civilization
- B.Liangzhu culture conforms to the prevailing standards of civilization judgment
- C.Traditional criteria for judging civilizations still have realistic significance
- D.Liangzhu culture subverts the traditional understanding of civilization


When judging the camera function of a mobile phone, people always intuitively believe that the higher the pixel of the mobile phone, the better the camera effect. Is this really the case? From the imaging principle, the size of the pixel value will have a certain influence on the generated image. When the image sensor area of the mobile phone is certain, the higher the pixel value, the smaller the unit pixel area. The unit pixel area directly affects the amount of light entering. The smaller the unit pixel area, the less light entering the image sensor, and the captured photos will become dark and blurry; the lower the pixel value, the larger the unit pixel photosensitive area and the better the photosensitive performance. Good, so it has better performance in terms of high-sensitivity image quality and picture level of imaging.

Question: Which of the followings is most likely to follow after this passage?

Choices:
- A.Explain the definition of pixel and how to improve it
- B.Introduce techniques to improve the effect of mobile phone photography
- C.Reveal the relationship between the amount of incoming light and the pixel value
- D.Point out the factors that affect the imaging effect of mobile phones


Compared with offline teaching, due to the difference in time and space, online teaching relies more on the guidance and help of teachers, and has a greater demand for resources. However, in the era of knowledge economy, teachers have long ceased to be knowledge monopolies, and individuals in the network society may become both knowledge consumers and producers. Therefore, to promote the participation of social forces in the supply of online education resources, it is necessary to change the traditional education pattern of schools "going alone", and to accept the online education services of enterprises with an open attitude. For example, schools can appropriately take the form of outsourcing, purchase online course services from educational institutions and enterprises that have passed the qualification review, and provide dual-engine-driven teaching services of "intelligence + real people". In addition, the two sides can strengthen collaborative innovation in resource support, learning situation monitoring, evaluation feedback, etc., to promote the healthy development of online education.

Question: Which of the followings is the text intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A."Intelligence + real people" is the development trend of educational services
- B.The source of educational resource supply is no longer limited to the school
- C.Online education will become the norm in the era of sharing economy
- D.The healthy development of online education requires the introduction of social forces


The paddy field is not only a rice planting area, but also a farm where the rice is perfumed and the fish is fat and shrimp is strong. Traditional dwarf rice is densely planted because of the pursuit of maximum yield. In addition, the plant stalk is short and the space in the paddy field is narrow, resulting in poor air circulation and reduced effective oxygen content in the water. The high-stalk rice has a tall plant type, luxuriant leaves and a high canopy, and the plant spacing is relatively sparse, which can provide a good habitat for rice field animals such as frogs, fish and loach, and has the advantage of being suitable for the combination of planting and breeding. The problem of insufficient air convection and insufficient space above the paddy field caused by too dense plants. Compared with the current common paddy field comprehensive planting and breeding model, the economic benefits of this model are significantly improved, which will greatly enhance the enthusiasm of farmers for planting.

Question: Which of the followings is this passage intended to illustrate: the cultivation of high stalk rice?

Choices:
- A.Overcome the disadvantages of the traditional dwarf rice planting model
- B.A new planting model combining planting and breeding was born
- C.It will become the development direction of rice farming in the future
- D.Provides a good habitat for animals raised in paddy fields


In the past 20 years, one of the important advances in the study of life in the deep earth has been the discovery of the oceanic crust biosphere. The volume of the oceanic crust is huge, which is about five times the total volume of the global marine sediments. The scale of microorganisms inhabiting here is huge and cannot be ignored. They have important potential impacts on the global cycle of biogeochemical elements and the weathering of seabed landforms. However, limited by sampling techniques and conditions, the current research and understanding of the oceanic crust lithosphere is still very limited. Previously, limited research has focused almost exclusively on the shoaloids on the surface of the oceanic crust, while the lower oceanic crust, which accounts for nearly two-thirds of the volume of the oceanic crust, is considered to be one of the habitats for deep microbes, but there is still no direct However, there is still a lack of research on the microorganisms that inhabit here and their coping strategies for extreme environments.

Question: This is the beginning of an article, which of the followings is most likely to be introduced by this article?

Choices:
- A.Discovery process and significance of submarine crust biosphere
- B.Distribution characteristics of global marine sediments on the seafloor
- C.Effects of seafloor landform weathering on microbial survival
- D.Deep microbes in the lower oceanic Ccrust and their survival strategies


Landing on Mars is not an easy task. When the Earth and Mars are closest, there is also a distance of 56 million kilometers, which is 140 times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It is currently impossible to break through this distance with the power of a rocket. Therefore, the probe needs to be "thrown" to Mars with the help of the revolution of the earth. However, it needs the right timing, which is the "launch window". When the Mars rover reaches the aphelion, which is tangent to the orbit of Mars, and Mars also travels just there, the rover can rendezvous with Mars. Launching a Mars rover during this time window is not only the most energy-efficient, but the rover's payload will also increase accordingly. This particular timing and location only occurs every 26 months.

Question: Which of the followings is the main expression of this text?

Choices:
- A.Emphasize the technical difficulties of the probe landing on Mars
- B.Explain the fleeting nature of the detector's "emission window"
- C.Describe the ideal trajectory of a Mars rover
- D.Explain why it is time to seize the window to launch a Mars rover


String pair means that in a verse or couplet, the sentence and the pair are not opposite in meaning and grammatical structure, but are inherited from top to bottom. The two sentences cannot be separated from each other or reversed. There is a certain sequence in their language structures.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is a string pair?

Choices:
- A.If you want to see enough scenery and scenery for thousands of miles, you have to go up to a higher tower.
- B.If you want to cross the mountain of knowledge, you must take the road of diligence. If you want to cross the ocean of knowledge, you must use diligence as a boat to cross the sea.
- C.Never give in to the enemy and be willing to serve the people.
- D.The waves in the Wu Gorge are monstrous, and the dark clouds seem to be pressing down on the ground. The sky and the earth are gloomy.


Synomone is a biologically released information chemical that can cause other receiving organisms to produce a response that is beneficial to both the releaser and the recipient.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is related to synomone?

Choices:
- A.Apple fruit flies leave a marker pheromone after laying eggs on plant fruit to prevent themselves from laying eggs there again
- B.The azadirachtin contained in the seeds, leaves and bark of the neem family Neem has a killing effect on almost all pests
- C.The sex pheromone released by the female Asian corn borer can attract male moths, allowing the male moth to accurately locate the female moth
- D.After being attacked by Macrosiphum avenae, wheat releases methyl salicylate, which can attract heterochromatic lady beetle, the natural enemy of Macrosiphum avenae


International multimodal transport refers to a kind of transport in which the multimodal transport operator transports the goods from the receiving point in one country to the designated delivery point in another country by at least two different modes of transport according to the multimodal transport contract.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is an international multimodal transport?

Choices:
- A.Drive the freight car directly onto the train wagon for railway transportation, and then drive the freight car off the wagon when it reaches the destination
- B.A company purchases imported goods for employees, and transports them to the downstairs of the company by van, and then the employees drive the goods home
- C.E-commerce purchases fresh commodities from overseas, which are imported into China by logistics companies through the aviation cold chain, and then transported to all parts of the country by cold chain vehicles
- D.Shipping companies transport seafood salvaged from the sea to coastal areas, and then distributed by buyers to various fresh markets


Statistics are divided into qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data includes categorical and ordinal data. Categorical data refers to non-numeric data that can only be assigned to a certain category, which is the result of classifying things and expressed in words; sequential data refers to non-numeric data that can be assigned to an ordered category. Quantitative data are data that represent specific numerical observations. ①Cities can be divided into megacities, large cities, medium cities and small cities according to the size of the city; ②Marital status: 1-unmarried, 2-married, 3-divorced, 4-widowed; ③The distance from place A to place B is 200 kilometers, 320 kilometers to C and 100 kilometers to D; ④ A hospital has a construction area of 50,000 square meters, 3,182 open beds and 687 clinicians.

Question: Based on the above definition, which one of the following statements about the above 4 sets of data is correct?

Choices:
- A.②④ are classified data
- B.②③④ are all quantitative data
- C.①② are all sequential data
- D.Only ② is classified data


Antagonism is a common sensory change phenomenon, which refers to the phenomenon that the presence of one odorous substance weakens the taste characteristics of another odorant.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not exhibit antagonism?

Choices:
- A.Adding a small amount of citric acid to orange juice will reduce the sweetness, and adding sugar will reduce the sour taste
- B.Saccharin has a bitter taste. Adding a small amount of sodium glutamate to saccharin can significantly alleviate the bitter taste
- C.After taking sodium chloride and quinine at the same time, drinking water will have a slightly sweet feeling
- D.After eating sour sambal, and then eating sour food, you will not taste the sour taste


By providing products and services to make customers feel happy and other positive emotions, so that customers feel that they have obtained new value from products and services that exceed the use value, and the process of emotional marketing as a means is called emotional value chain.

Question: Based on the above definition, which of the followings does not highlight the emotional value chain?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Zhang has been engaged in beauty work for many years. She always listens to her clients attentively and patiently, so that clients feel comfortable while enjoying massage
- B.The smart speaker "Xiaomei" is loved by children because it can not only play children's songs and stories, but also "talk, shake hands and nod" with children
- C.On TV, a young couple was worried about "who should sweep the floor", and then the sweeping robot appeared and flashed the slogan "With it, you will be happier"
- D.In the dishwasher advertisement, a woman brushes greasy dishes with a frown and looks at her rough hands. The advertisement is "Do you want to be such a woman?"


Predictive intervention means that people are influenced by predicted information to take a certain behavior, resulting in a multi-possible outcome that actually develops in the direction indicated by the prediction.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is a predictive intervention?

Choices:
- A.In a financial interview column, an expert predicted that H stock would rise sharply. As a result, many viewers who watched the program rushed to buy the stock, which led to the stock's daily limit
- B.The head of a certain country gave an outlook on the country's economic situation in his New Year's speech, so the people of the country are full of confidence in the future economic improvement
- C.The head of a certain country gave an outlook on the country's economic situation in his New Year's speech, so the people of the country are full of confidence in the future economic improvement
- D.Before the general election in country A, the hostile country B media hyped it up, believing that the M party's presidential candidate would be elected. As a result, many voters in country A turned to support the N party's presidential candidate


People often systematically overestimate their degree of control or influence over events, while underestimating the role of uncontrollable factors such as chance and luck in the development of events and their outcomes, a phenomenon known as the illusion of control.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not reflect the illusion of control?

Choices:
- A.When people want to roll a "double 6" with the dice, they will meditate in their hearts and knead the dice vigorously, believing that they will do so
- B.Some investors often use a few simple factors to predict the market index, and the result is often a thousand miles away
- C.A business manager believes that the local sports held this year will be very beneficial to the development of the business, and predicts that the turnover will increase this year
- D.A ferry driver in the scenic spot walks the mountain road all the year round. He thinks that he is familiar with the road conditions and has good skills, so he drives very fast on the mountain road


The complementary proposition of opposites means that two or more pairs of opposite concepts are contained in two sentences with basically the same structure described successively, but their meanings are consistent or complementary to each other.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is not an opposite complementarity proposition?

Choices:
- A.A modest gentleman is upright, open-minded and tolerant of others, while the villain is penny-pinching and worried about gain and loss
- B.Sad before the world is sad, happy after the world is happy
- C.If there is enough money and grain in the warehouse, then the etiquette will be taken into account. If you can eat and wear warm clothes, then you will consider what to do and what not to do
- D.When people are poor, relatives and friends are rarely around, and when they are rich, relatives will come to you even if they are far away in the mountains and forests


Generally speaking, there are mainly three kinds of variables involved in scientific experiments: independent variables, dependent variables and control variables. Independent variables are variables that are manipulated by the experimenter in an experiment. A dependent variable is a variable that changes as the independent variable changes. Control variables refer to potential factors or conditions other than independent variables in an experiment that affect experimental changes and results.

Question: Based on the above definition, which of the following statements is correct?

Choices:
- A.Studying that the supply of wheat is affected by the local purchase price, the supply of wheat is the control variable, and the purchase price is the dependent variable
- B.Study the influence of different tax rates on the export volume of rare earth, the export volume of rare earth is the independent variable, and the tax rate is the dependent variable
- C.Study the effect of climatic conditions on cotton yield, where climatic conditions are dependent variables and pest effects are control variables
- D.To study the effect of sugar mill turnover on sugar production, the unit price of sugar is the control variable and sugar production is the independent variable


According to a report released by the China Internet Network Information Center, as of December 2018, the number of short video users in my country reached 648 million, of which young users accounted for a large proportion. It is urgent to carry out anti-addiction work for young people. Relevant authorities have organized short video platform companies to develop a youth anti-addiction system. After entering the "teenage mode", the daily usage time will be limited to a total of 40 minutes, and functions such as reward, recharge, cash withdrawal, and live broadcast will not be available. From 22:00 each day until 6:00 the next day, the use of short video apps is prohibited.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most calls into question the validity of the model?

Choices:
- A.Users need to submit ID card information when using "teenage mode", which increases the risk of revealing personal privacy
- B.Indiscriminate viewing of video content may negatively impact teen values
- C.The system uses big data analysis to identify suspected teenage users who may "injury" adults
- D."Teen Mode" is currently unable to identify the true identity of Internet users


Some researchers believe that collagen keeps skin young is not scientific, they believe that skin can be kept young thanks to epidermal stem cells. Mammalian epidermal cells are continuously renewed, and cells are derived from epidermal stem cells. These stem cells attach to the basement membrane through a specialized differentiated multi-protein structure called hemidesmosomes. Epidermal stem cells will continue to replicate and differentiate to generate new cells to replace damaged old cells. This renewal is conducive to maintaining the youth of the skin. Therefore, the renewal of epidermal stem cells is the reason for keeping the skin young.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The renewal of epidermal stem cells also requires the promotion of other compounds
- B.The regenerative capacity of epidermal stem cells declines with age
- C.Collagen strips are essential for promoting the renewal of epidermal stem cells
- D.Collagen expression varies widely between different stem cells


Xiao Zhao and Xiao Liu are very familiar and good friends. The two are very close. During the epidemic, Xiao Zhao sent a warning WeChat to colleagues in the same room in the unit, and Xiao Liu also sent a message to everyone he knew in the community. Alerted on WeChat, and further confirmed and reminded by phone. Xiao Zhao and Xiao Liu exchanged phone calls to remind each other not to walk with each other in the near future. Xiao Zhao sent Xiao Liu a warning WeChat, but Xiao Liu did not send Xiao Zhao a warning WeChat.

Question: Based on the above statement, which of the followings is impossible?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Zhao has not been to Xiao Liu's house recently
- B.Xiao Liu and Xiao Zhao are colleagues
- C.Xiao Liu and Xiao Zhao are not from the same office
- D.Xiao Zhao and Xiao Liu live in the same community


Hydroxyphenyl is a common UV absorber and is mostly used in sunscreen skin care products. It is contained in 3,500 brands of sunscreens around the world. Studies have shown that even very low concentrations of Hydroxyphenyl will give Corals bring deadly damage, and some experts point out that in order to protect corals, sunscreens should be banned in bathing areas.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above statement?

Choices:
- A.Hydroxyphenyl has been detected in some parts of the ocean away from the coast, but at lower concentrations
- B.Hydroxyphenyl is easy to cause skin allergies, long-term use will affect human immunity and reproductive ability
- C.Hydroxyphenyl damages and alters coral DNA, reducing the chances of juvenile corals developing normally
- D.People use sunscreen on many occasions, with limited use only at the beach


A convenience store has newly introduced a batch of personalized products, such as sour beer, mustard-flavored biscuits, etc. These personalized products are placed in a separate area for sale. After three months, the store manager found that: and before the introduction of personality Compared with the merchandise, the total sales in the store have increased significantly, so the store manager believes that the main reason for the increase in sales is the introduction of these personalized products.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the store manager's point of view?

Choices:
- A.For three months, sales and sales of these personalized items have been limited
- B.It is mainly young people who come to the store to consume, and young people like to try new things
- C.In the past three months, the store has re-planned and adjusted the display of goods, and the display of goods is more orderly and eye-catching
- D.In addition to adding personalized products, some brands and types of regular products in the store have also been added


Researchers in 2011 to 2017 collected more than 600 old people aged 60 height, blood pressure and eating habits, such as a number of data, then, is the object of study on neuropsychological assessment and evaluation, cognitive impairment after exclusion of risk factors such as smoking drinking found that those who ate two times a week, every time eat about 150 grams of the elderly, mushrooms They had a 20 percent lower risk of mild cognitive impairment than those who ate mushrooms less than once a week. Researchers explain that this is because mushrooms contain a particular compound called ergothionein, so eating mushrooms may help reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment in older adults.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The study found that young people who ate mushrooms more than twice a week had a reduced risk of heart disease
- B.The level of ergothione in plasma in elderly patients with MILD cognitive impairment was significantly lower than that in healthy subjects of the same age
- C.In the above study, the elderly mainly ate six kinds of common mushrooms such as flammulina velutipes and Oyster mushroom
- D.The body can't actually make ergothiain on its own, it has to get it from food


Geologists in central Australia underground found two 3 km away from the surface of the diameter of more than 200 kilometers of mysterious natural landscape, the landscape of quartz sand with clusters of fine lines, in most of these fine lines are parallel to each other straight line, geologists believe that the landscape is likely to be formed a giant impact crater, And the structure of the quartz sand is evidence of the fracture.

Question: Which of the followings is a necessary premise for the above argument?

Choices:
- A.Only after a high-speed meteorite impact does the quartz sand in the strata show a fracture structure containing parallel lines
- B.Quartz sand is ubiquitous on the earth's surface and rarely changes due to its hardness, wear resistance, and chemical stability
- C.The size of the landscape, unlike other craters, probably did not form all at once
- D.The rocks surrounding the landscape were formed between 300 million and 420 million years ago, so the impact would have occurred at that time


In recent years, the state has made efforts to reduce drug prices from the production, circulation and sales of drugs. However, many patients feel puzzled that, on the one hand, the national policy to reduce drug prices is constantly introduced, on the other hand, the prices of many common drugs are rising.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, best explains this phenomenon?

Choices:
- A.Most of the drugs have fallen in price, and a few have risen in price, so overall, the price of drugs is still falling
- B.There is an increase in demand for commonly used imported drugs, and relevant policies are unable to control price increases for such drugs
- C.Although the government has introduced a policy to reduce drug prices, its impact will take some time to show
- D.The policy of reducing drug price can effectively control the drug price increase caused by the price increase of pharmaceutical raw materials in the drug market


The company arranged 8 people A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H to go on business trip, and they were just arranged in 8 adjacent rooms in the same row of the hotel. It is known that :① there are 3 people between A and C; ② There are two people between B and F; ③ D is to the left of G, and there are two people between them. There is a person between H and E.

Question: Based on the above information, in order from left to right, which of the followings is impossible?

Choices:
- A.D is in the first room
- B.D is in the second room
- C.D is in the third room
- D.D is in the fourth room


A team of researchers has created a phylogenetic tree of ruminants by sequencing the genomes of 44 species of ruminants, thus deciphering the evolutionary history of a large number of ruminants. The results reveal that ruminant populations declined significantly around 100,000 years ago, and that these declines coincided with the migration of humans out of Africa. This has been suggested as evidence that early human activity contributed to the decline of ruminant populations.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most questions the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.As ruminant populations declined, vegetation became more abundant, providing more food for humans
- B.Ruminants usually have horns that can play a defensive role in the face of human attack
- C.During the same period, the population of horses, donkeys and other odd-toed ungula animals also declined significantly
- D.At the same time big cats flourished, killing ruminants on a massive scale


Pursuit what the people like, forsake what the people hate. Green mountains are beautiful, and blue skies are happiness too. Developing the economy is for people's wellbeing, so is protecting the ecological environment. We should not only create more material and spiritual wealth to meet people's ever-growing needs for a better life, but also provide more high-quality ecological products to meet people's ever-growing needs for a beautiful environment. We should continue to ensure that ecology benefits and benefits the people, focus on solving prominent environmental problems that harm people's health, speed up efforts to improve the quality of the environment, provide more quality ecological products, strive to achieve social equity and justice, and constantly meet people's growing needs for a beautiful environment.

Question: Which of the followings is a literal meaning?

Choices:
- A.Explain the basic concept of harmonious coexistence between man and nature
- B.We call on the people to participate in the construction of ecological civilization
- C.It is emphasized that a sound ecological environment is the well-being of people's livelihood
- D.We will reveal the development philosophy that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets


The western Pacific is the most concentrated seamount system in the world. The Mariana Trench in the western Pacific is a plate subduction zone, and the submarine geological movement is very active. The material composition and genesis of seamount volcanic rocks are of great interest to Marine geologists. The warm pool and the North Equatorial Current in the Western Pacific have important effects on the climate of China, which are the focus of physical oceanography scientists. There is also the coral reef Delta with the highest Marine biodiversity in the world, which is a hot area for research on the origin and evolution of Marine organisms. Therefore, Marine scientists can carry out multi-disciplinary collaborative exploration and research on the hydrophysical, chemical and biogenic elements, topography and geomorphology, geological environment and biological ecology of seamounts here.

Question: Which of the followings is mainly introduced in the passage?

Choices:
- A.The importance of scientific research in the Western Pacific
- B.Understanding of the Seamount system in the Western Pacific
- C.The Marine resources of the Western Pacific region
- D.The influence of the Western Pacific on climate and geology in China


Exchanges and mutual learning mark the progress of human society and the yardwork for the development of civilizations. From trade and economic exchanges along the ancient Silk Road, tea Road and spice Road to cooperation in the Belt and Road initiative and two corridors and one ring in the new era, Asian countries have overcome challenges and difficulties to achieve interconnected development. The integration of civilizations has boosted the productivity of Asian countries and broken the original isolation of their nations. The Asian people have broadened their horizons, established friendship and gained prosperity through this process. In the interaction of civilizations that influence, communicate, integrate and construct each other, eastern and western cultures have also made inclusive progress together, constantly stepping into a new stage of human progress. The ancient Greek proverb "Light comes from the East" is a vivid and poetic illustration of the results of the integration of eastern and western civilizations. The best title for this paragraph is:

Question: Which of the followings is the best title for this paragraph?

Choices:
- A.Cultural integration is the driving force of Productivity development in Asia
- B.The Belt and Road initiative is a channel for the spread of civilizations
- C.Exchanges and mutual learning to promote sustainable development of human civilization
- D.Inclusiveness and common progress should be promoted to foster interaction between eastern and Western civilizations


The world is undergoing major development, transformation and adjustment. Peace and development remain the call of our times. The world is moving towards multi-polarity, economic globalization, it application, and cultural diversity. The transformation of the global governance system and the international order is accelerating. Countries are increasingly interconnected and interdependent. At the same time, the world faces growing instability and uncertainty. The world economy lacks momentum for growth, the gap between rich and poor is growing, regional hotspot issues keep flaring up, and non-traditional security threats such as terrorism, cyber security, major infectious diseases and climate change continue to spread. Mankind faces many common challenges.

Question: Which of the followings does the passage follow?

Choices:
- A.Why do we think that the world is in an era of development and radical change
- B.China is an important force for safeguarding world peace and promoting common development
- C.A correct understanding and grasp of the theme of The Times is the basis for countries to formulate policies
- D.People of all countries should work together to tackle the risks and challenges we face


Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, and about 75 percent of the sun today is hydrogen. This suggests that hydrogen was the main component of the solar system when it formed. With the formation of the Sun, most of the solar system's material was concentrated in the Sun, while outside the sun, the elements were stratified: close to the Sun, the temperature was very high, leaving only the relatively heavy elements such as silicon, iron, oxygen, these elements together to form mercury, Venus, Earth and other rocky planets; Farther away from the Sun, as temperatures cool, the proportions of these elements decrease, and the planet's atmosphere becomes dominated by hydrogen, with some nitrogen, such as Jupiter and Saturn; At the edge of the solar system, there are few heavy elements, mostly water ice, methane and so on.

Question: Which of the followings is the main text introduction?

Choices:
- A.The influence of temperature on the solar system's material composition
- B.Hydrogen's significance for the formation of the solar system
- C.The distribution of different elements in the solar system
- D.The elemental composition of the planets in the solar system


On the battlefield, human-machine collaboration is being replaced by artificial intelligence, at least not anytime soon. Artificial intelligence can solve limited problems, substitution will first occur in some areas, but still inseparable from human-machine collaboration. The main means of artificial intelligence is machine learning, and deep learning is a way to realize machine learning. While deep learning has worked very well in many fields, machines may not be able to handle tasks that require creativity on the battlefield, lack clear definitions and boundaries, and lack digital knowledge and experience. So for some time to come, machines will play more of a supporting role in the field of warfare, and the final decision will still be made by humans.

Question: Which of the followings is intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.Human-machine collaboration will continue to play an important role on the battlefield
- B.The learning ability of artificial intelligence needs to be further improved
- C.The battlefield environment puts forward higher requirements for machine learning
- D.Artificial intelligence has yet to adapt to complex battlefield requirements


In ground equipment, lithium ion batteries are mainly used in military unmanned ground vehicles, robots, hybrid electric fighting vehicles, etc. For hybrid ground fighting vehicles, the use of lithium-ion batteries as power sources can not only reduce fuel consumption, reduce logistics burden, but also improve the mobility and survivability of tactical vehicles. At present, many militaries have increased the research and development of lithium-ion battery modules for hybrid electric vehicles, unmanned ground vehicles and ground robots. However, the weak power of lithium-ion battery is the main factor restricting its further application for large ground equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to develop high specific power and low cost lithium ion batteries in the future to meet the mission requirements of ground equipment.

Question: According to this passage, which of the followings describes a lithium-ion battery?

Choices:
- A.There are shortcomings in the application of large equipment
- B.It has wide applicability in military application
- C.It is vigorously developed as a new battery by various countries
- D.Is the future battlefield power source development direction


Food and drug safety traceability system is a system that relies on modern information technology to give early warning to possible hidden dangers of food and drug safety. The reason why it is widely adopted by some countries is that on the one hand, it can reduce the cost of information acquisition and improve the efficiency of supervision. On the other hand, it can force enterprises to improve safety awareness and take the initiative to control risks. This system has been introduced in China for many years and is reflected in relevant laws and regulations as well as action plans. However, in practice, problems such as regional segmentation and division of departments are still quite prominent, and there is no efficient local linkage and joint force of departments, which lacks overall effect on solving food and drug safety problems.

Question: Which of the followings is intended to emphasize?

Choices:
- A.China's food and drug safety traceability system still needs to be improved
- B.Perfect food and drug safety traceability system is of great value
- C.Relevant departments should strengthen supervision of food and drug safety
- D.Multi-party cooperation is the key to solving food and drug safety problems


Wu Guanzhong put forward the artistic concept of "Kite without stop" in the 1980s, which has exerted an important influence on the history of Chinese contemporary art. It seems that this is an exposition of the inner connection between "formal beauty" and "abstract beauty". In fact, it emphasizes that no matter how innovative and how self-flying art creation is, it cannot be far away from real life. In Wu Guanzhong's opinion, abstract painting is like flying a kite. The kite is a work, which is a certain art form abstracted into "materials and feelings from life by the author with subtraction, division or other methods", and the audience is the sky. For the kite to fly, "there must be a link between the work and the source of life" in the artist's hand. Only when "the kite is constantly on the line" can art have a foundation and maintain communication with the audience.

Question: Which of the followings is consistent with the idea of "the kite is constantly on the line"?

Choices:
- A.Art comes from life and is higher than life
- B.The first purpose of art is to reproduce reality
- C.Artistic creation should be based on life
- D.Art loses its soil without the people


The integration of modern information technology and higher education has resulted in massive open online courses (MOOCs), which have broken the time-space boundaries and school walls of traditional education. In the past six years, China's MOOCs have grown from scratch and from small to large. In practice, they are always approaching a consensus that higher education, as the main supplier of high-level talents and the main promoter of knowledge innovation, must innovate and develop in order to respond to the needs of The Times. Moocs should be regarded as the strategic initiative to accelerate the modernization of Chinese education and develop "Internet + education" and "intelligence + education", so as to promote the in-depth development of the classroom revolution integrating information technology with education and teaching. This means that the construction and development of MOOCs is inseparable from the participation and support of universities and the joint efforts of universities and society.

Question: Which of the followings is intended to illustrate?

Choices:
- A.Introduce the development concept and current situation of MOOCs in China
- B.Colleges and universities should play an important role in the development of MOOCs
- C.It shows that universities should pay attention to the cultivation and reserve of senior talents
- D.This paper discusses the new thinking of breaking the tradition of MOOCs in China


The implementation of a comprehensive emergency classification system, technical reserves have been completed, the key is to rely on patients' recognition and compliance. Sorting by severity is clearly a more complex fairness rule than the "first come, first served" mechanical fairness. Medical staff need to continue to persuade and guide and carry out medical common knowledge popularization, so that patients can understand the truth. The order and efficiency of medical treatment are always closely related to the scientific literacy and rule consciousness of patients. If patients still rely only on "first come, first served", the classification of emergency departments is likely to end up in the dark. As you can imagine, many of the problems faced by emergency departments are actually rooted outside the emergency department, which means that the implementation of the emergency classification system is more difficult than expected.

Question: Which of the followings is intended to emphasize the full implementation of the emergency classification system?

Choices:
- A.Based on the understanding and approval of the patient
- B.Should be premised on the establishment of fairer rules
- C.Contributing to a dramatic increase in medical efficiency
- D.Depends on the widespread popularization of medical knowledge


A science magazine published an article about a kind of rubber that can "heal itself". The molecules in ordinary rubber are held together by strong covalent bonds that break and cannot be restored. Instead, the researchers developed a "molecular rope" that combines hard-to-get hydrogen and covalent bonds and allows them to mix evenly at the molecular scale to create a transparent, tough rubber that "self-heals." When pulled, the new rubber develops a network of grooves that look like cracks but do not break completely and form fibrous junctions. When the tension disappears, the rubber returns to its original shape. The technology could be used to make tyres for military equipment that do not need to be replaced immediately after damage, improving their battlefield survivability.

Question: Which of the followings does not mention "self-healing" rubber?

Choices:
- A.Special performance
- B.Scientific principles
- C.Functional defects
- D.Application prospect


Not long ago, "water and electricity charges into the credit investigation system" hearsay caused widespread concern of the public. Judging from the fine degree of existing social and economic activities, the digital indicator evaluation of credit investigation may not exhaust all possibilities in economic life. Neglect, go on business trip, study abroad, move, be in hospital and even suspend pay because of dispute, all may cause water and electricity fee arrears, obviously, these sudden situation may not be able to accurately reflect "individual credit". If these indicators are included in the statistics on a narrow scale, there is a risk of friendly fire. Because there are many emergencies, as the social service department, it is more necessary to do enough prompt, notice responsibility, and provide sufficient and convenient remedy channels. When the relevant preparation is not sufficient, the incorporation of utilities into credit investigation should be prudently promoted.

Question: Which of the followings is intended as a statement?

Choices:
- A.The selection of credit indicators should be cautious and reasonable
- B.The current utilities should not be included in the credit investigation system
- C.The precision of service work needs to be improved
- D.The credit investigation system is closely related to daily activities


Although the cold winter is the high incidence of cardiovascular disease, but in the hot and sultry "Indian summer" season, the humidity in the air is increased, oxygen content is reduced, usually suffering from hypertension, coronary heart disease often feel uncomfortable, chest tightness, shortness of breath, dizziness and other symptoms. In addition, high temperature weather will make the human body sweat too much, blood concentration, if not timely supplement water, easy to form plaques; Acute myocardial infarction occurs when plaque breaks off and clots form, blocking blood vessels. In addition, people often do not get a good sleep on hot summer nights, which is also an important cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Sultry weather can also make people mood swings, mood irritability, which is also a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In this period of time, because of work overworked and lack of rest, especially to guard against sudden attack of myocardial infarction.

Question: Which of the followings is the best heading for this paragraph?

Choices:
- A."Health preservation", especially "mind cultivation"
- B.Why did the name "Indian summer" come
- C.Cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
- D.Prevent myocardial infarction at the turn of summer and autumn


Navigation satellites are located at an altitude of 20,000 kilometers and can be navigated by receiving signals throughout their coverage area. Beyond 20,000 kilometers, a whole new navigation system is needed. Astronomers have proposed several possible navigation systems, the most talked about being pulsar navigation. Pulsars are neutron stars that emit radio or X-ray radiation in the direction of their magnetic poles. They pulse when the axis of rotation does not coincide with the magnetic poles and sweeps across the Earth. Some of these pulsars are so stable that they are comparable to the best atomic clocks on Earth that they are also known as the "atomic clocks of the universe." If you can pick up their signals and know where they are, you can use them for interstellar voyages.

Question: Which of the followings is most likely to be introduced next?

Choices:
- A.Pulsar-like atomic clocks in the universe
- B.Some of the current difficulties of interstellar navigation
- C.Experiments to verify the feasibility of pulsar navigation
- D.Factors affecting rotational stability of pulsars


Whether it is the 19th century European literature represented by Balzac or the modern Chinese literature led by Lu Xun, most of them hold up the banner of realism to reclaim life and shape the typical. Since the new era, the literary creation basically adheres to the realistic position, and is good at exposing and criticizing the negative objective reality in life, which is completely necessary and very valuable. However, some novels lack the positive factors and positive images in life, and the appeal of positive values and emotions. As a matter of fact, realism works with humanitarian thought as the weapon, not only focuses on the analysis of the dark side of society, but also should pay attention to show the bright spot of life; Not only the accuracy and depth of criticizing the dark side of society, but also the concern and sympathy for the fate of the characters.

Question: Which of the followings is the main criticism of this passage in which aspect of literary creation since the new era?

Choices:
- A.The portrayal of typical characters is too rigid and single
- B.The writer lacks concern for real life
- C.Lack of inheritance of fine literary tradition
- D.Some novels have a negative tendency


Ahead of time tangled refers to the helpless, depressed and painful feelings of people with correct insight when their views are not accepted and believed and they are powerless to do anything about the development of things in the mediocre crowd.

Question: Based on the above definition, which of the followings best represents "Ahead of time tangled"?

Choices:
- A.Since ancient times all sages are lonely, but the drinker is named
- B.The whole world is turbid I alone, the world is drunk I alone wake up
- C.Helpless flowers fall, deja vu swallows return
- D.Drunkenly lying on the battlefield jun Mo smile, ancient war a few people back


The arithmetic mean describes the average trend of a set of data and is the sum of all data divided by the number of data. When used in statistics, it should be noted that the arithmetic mean cannot be calculated when extreme values, ambiguous data or data of different qualities are present.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is suitable for calculating the arithmetic mean?

Choices:
- A.The average age of residents in a community was calculated, including 204 children under 10 years old and 26 old people over 90 years old
- B.A company statistics of the annual average income of young workers under the age of 35, found that the basic between 100,000 to 120,000 yuan, one of the company's executives, annual income of more than one million yuan
- C.A school statistics of the average height of the school's teenagers, including all the pre-school, primary and secondary school students
- D.A city calculates the average number of left-behind children in the districts and counties of the city. The districts and counties with a large number of migrant workers cannot make accurate statistics and only provide estimated data


Animal-assisted therapy is a process of improving or maintaining the physical condition of people with disabilities, or helping them to strengthen their interaction with the outside world, so as to promote rehabilitation and social adaptation through human-animal contact.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following situations does not qualify as animal-assisted therapy?

Choices:
- A.The mild-mannered miniature pig is a good companion for people with autism, reducing their anxiety when facing people
- B.Capuchins can help disabled people perform simple daily tasks, such as opening and closing doors, and operating remote controls
- C.Weasel badgers bark to warn their owners when they are having a psychotic episode, so they can take medicine in time
- D.British shorties are gentle and not aggressive, quiet and close to their owners, suitable for the elderly living alone


Fair use refers to the non-commercial use of others' published works without the permission or payment of remuneration to the copyright owner under the circumstances expressly stipulated by law. "Circumstances expressly prescribed by law" mainly include :(1) using a published work of others for personal study, research or enjoyment; (2) Free performance of published works; (3) Copying, painting, photographing and video recording of artistic works set up or displayed in outdoor public places; (4) Translation of published works in Chinese into ethnic minority languages for publication and distribution.

Question: Which of the followings is fair use according to the above provisions?

Choices:
- A.A sang an unpublished song by Wu at the class party
- B.B translates an English work into Mongolian for publication
- C.Company C takes sculptures of public squares and makes them into pictures for distribution
- D.Ding copied geng's paper published in a journal for reference in writing his paper


Screenwriter moviegoers are those who don't mind being spoiled by spoilers and even inquire about plot introductions and review all kinds of movies in advance. This feeling of moviegoers seeking to control the development of the plot does not like surprises.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to screenwriter moviegoers?

Choices:
- A.After watching a good film, Xiao Wang felt that he should share it with his girlfriend, so he invited his girlfriend to the cinema and introduced her to the main contents of the film
- B.Xiao du pays attention to rational thinking about everything. For movies, he has the impulse to watch movies only after he understands the authoritative evaluation, the content of the plot, the characteristics of the picture, and so on
- C.Xiao Li is fond of suspense movies. He likes to revel in brain-burning plots and his mood fluctuates with the plots. He often assumes that he is a detective and always looks at others with scrutiny
- D.Uncle Zhang's wife watches TV dramas at home all day after retiring, knows the plots of many TV dramas like the back of her hand, and often tells them to Uncle Zhang


Guilt compensation strategy refers to a strategy that does not make a request directly, but emphasizes that the other party is in a predicament because of the other party's responsibility, which makes the other party feel guilty, so as to make the other party compensate himself.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following reflects the guilt compensation strategy?

Choices:
- A.A confided to Li that he was cheated miserably because he mistakenly believed his mass messages, so Li lent money to A to do business without interest in order to get peace of mind
- B.B was criticized by the leader for being late for work. When he got home, he blamed his wife for not waking him up in time, and asked his wife to be responsible for taking care of the children at night. The wife promised him
- C.C drove and invited Chen for an outing. On the way, C accidentally sprained his foot and had to ask for leave to recuperate. Chen felt very guilty and decided to help C pick up his children to and from school
- D.D accidentally fell while doing cleaning in Zhuang's house. Zhuang heard the housekeeping company say that D's family was very difficult and took the initiative to pay 5000 yuan for D's treatment


Objective-value fallacy is a kind of erroneous reasoning, its premise is a factual description, while the conclusion expresses a description involving value meaning, and this kind of reasoning does not presuppose obvious value judgment premise.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is an objective-value fallacy?

Choices:
- A.There should be more exchanges and communication between people, more understanding and tolerance, and there will be fewer and fewer nation-states in the world
- B.Since everyone has to abide by the law, we should have more respect for the law and more awe of the rules
- C.The world is becoming more and more urbanized, so people should not continue to live poetically in the countryside
- D.The greening rate of this area is increasing, and its air quality will continue to improve


Social fission is a profit-driven business model, through the social interaction between people to promote the spread and sales of products, in essence, through interest-driven incentive customers to form fission.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not belong to social fission?

Choices:
- A.After a WeChat customer selects a product and shares it in his own social circle, after his friends help bargain, the customer can buy it at a low price, and at the same time publicize the product
- B.After a Wechat user buys her favorite goods, she often takes pictures and posts them in her moments. Gradually, everyone knows that she likes to buy high-end luxury goods
- C.After the customers of an e-commerce platform successfully buy the goods, they share their links, and all those who click can get the random amount of coupons provided by the merchants
- D.Regular customers of a coffee shop can get a package coupon after participating in the activity of "inviting friends to have coffee for free"


The medium refers to the nutrient matrix which is made up of different nutrients for the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, plants or animals (or tissues), which generally contains carbohydrates, nitrogenous substances, inorganic salts, vitamins, water and other substances. The natural medium is a medium made of animals, plants or microorganisms including their extracts; the synthetic medium is a medium simulated and artificially designed by chemical substances according to the components of the natural medium; the semi-combined medium is mainly composed of chemical reagents and a small amount of natural ingredients are added at the same time.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to semi-combined medium?

Choices:
- A.In order to study the growth of chicken embryo cells, the medium was made by adding a small amount of corn juice to a certain proportion of saline amino acid solution
- B.In order to promote the growth of lactic acid bacteria, the medium made from wheat wort was used
- C.In order to accelerate the growth of green pineapple, the medium was made of organic components, mineral elements, Agar and so on according to the proportion of 3:1:2
- D.In order to observe the formation of Clostridium perfringens, the medium was made by adding 10 ml ferrous sulfate to 1000 ml of fresh milk


As temperatures rise, so does the chance that tropical rainforests will be struck by lightning and start fires. However, current monitoring shows that although the American rainforest is hit by lightning more frequently, it does not cause more forest fires. The researchers believe that this may have something to do with the large increase in the number of vines in the rainforest in recent years.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Lightning strikes often cause temperate forest fires, but tropical rain forests do not cause large fires because of high humidity
- B.In 1968, the coverage rate of vines in the tropical rain forest was 32%. At present, the coverage rate is as high as 60%, even more than 75% in some areas
- C.The stem of the vine has less resistance relative to the branch and can conduct lightning like a lightning rod on a building, allowing most of the current to flow from its own stem
- D.Lightning strikes such a large-scale and extremely fast discharge, first destroying the external vines, and the trees in the middle are protected


All living organisms need metabolism, otherwise life will stop. The same is true of civilization, if it is closed to itself for a long time, it is bound to decline. Exchange and mutual learning is the essential requirement of the development of civilization. Only by communicating with other civilizations and learning from each other's strong points to make up for their weaknesses can we maintain exuberant vitality.

Question: Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the followings is correct?

Choices:
- A.If a civilization does not have exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, it cannot maintain its exuberant vitality
- B.If a civilization does not close itself off for a long time, it will not decline
- C.If a civilization communicates with other civilizations and learns from each other's strong points to make up for its weaknesses, it can maintain its exuberant vitality
- D.If a civilization does not maintain its exuberant vitality, it will not learn from other civilizations


Australian box jellyfish is one of the most poisonous animals in the world. after stinging, its toxin can cause skin necrosis and severe pain, invade the heart and cause death due to cardiac arrest in a short period of time. A box jellyfish carries enough venom to kill 60 people, and there is no specific drug for its venom. Recently, through genome-wide screening, researchers have found that a protein called ATP2B1 in human cells is a necessary condition for box jellyfish venom to be toxic, and researchers believe that lowering cholesterol through targeted therapy can fight box jellyfish venom.

Question: Which of the followings can be used as the premise of the above argument?

Choices:
- A.Targeted therapy is a safe and reliable method
- B.Cholesterol is needed for ATP2B1 proteins to function
- C.Lowering cholesterol will not cause side effects on the human body
- D.Targeted therapeutic drugs for lowering cholesterol have been developed


More than 230 earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above have occurred in a state since 2014, compared with an average of one a year before 2008. Frequent seismic activity has raised questions, and some researchers have found that since 2014, in order to prevent toxic waste water from drilling and hydraulic fracturing in oil production from polluting surface water, start injecting this waste water into the impervious layers of underground rocks, which is likely to be the key cause of the earthquake.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conjecture?

Choices:
- A.The injection of waste water into the rock water layer will reduce the friction between faults, making it easier to slide, thus inducing earthquakes
- B.The state has explored more oil reserves since 2008, and oil production activities have increased significantly
- C.The number of earthquakes in the state before 2008 was small but the magnitude was large, and since 2014, the number of earthquakes was more but the magnitude was small
- D.Most continuous earthquakes are a series of aftershocks after a strong earthquake, but this is not the case with earthquakes in the state


An animal's eggs hatch through the heat generated by microbes in the soil and compost when they decompose organic matter, but these microbes (including bacteria) can also penetrate the eggshell and infect the embryo, which is naturally more than 20%. However, in Australia, there is a bird called the clump pheasant, whose eggs are only 9% likely to be infected, and the researchers found that their eggshells contain lysozyme, which the researchers believe is likely to be a key factor in defending against bacterial invasion.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, does not undermine the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The amount of lysozyme in the eggshell of Cong Tsui pheasant is about the same as that of other animals
- B.The eggshell of Cong Tsui pheasant is wrapped in a layer of nanometer calcium carbonate, which has stronger water resistance and resistance to bacterial invasion
- C.Cong Zhong pheasant emits a special smell, which reduces the number of bacteria attached to its eggshell
- D.Compared with the eggshell of other animals, the eggshell of Cong Tsui pheasant is 1/3 thinner and more vulnerable to microbial invasion


A certain group company has six departments: production department, sales department, R & D department, personnel department, finance department and legal department. There are six office buildings from front to back: Wu ,Ji, Geng , Xin , Ren  and Gui . Each department has a building, and the arrangement of each department meets the following requirements: (1) the sales department is in front of the finance department and the production department. (2) the personnel department is immediately after the R & D department or the production department; (3) the legal department is followed by the R & D department or the sales department.

Question: The office buildings of each department are arranged from front to back. Which of the following meets the above requirements?

Choices:
- A.Legal Department, R & D Department, sales Department, Finance Department, production Department, personnel Department
- B.Finance Department, legal Department, Research and Development Department, personnel Department, sales Department, production Department
- C.Legal Department, sales Department, R & D Department, production Department, Finance Department, personnel Department
- D.Research and Development Department, personnel Department, sales Department, legal Department, Finance Department, production Department


Question: If the R & D department is in the Wu building, which of the followings may be true?

Choices:
- A.The legal Department is in the Xin building
- B.The personnel department is in the Gui building
- C.The Finance Department is in the Ji building
- D.The production department is in the Geng building


Question: If the legal department is in the Ren building, then the sales department is in the:

Choices:
- A.Geng building
- B.Xin building
- C.Wu building
- D.Ji building


Question: If the sales department is located in the Wu building, which of the following arrangements is not possible?

Choices:
- A.The Finance Department is in the Gui Building
- B.The R & D Department is in the Ji Building
- C.The legal Department is in the Xin Building
- D.The Personnel Department is in the Geng Building


Question: Which of the following two departments cannot be arranged in Geng Building and Xin Building in turn?

Choices:
- A.Legal Department, Sales Department
- B.R & D Department, Finance Department
- C.Personnel Department, R & D Department
- D.Finance Department, legal Department


The huge supply of labor has supported the rapid economic development since the reform and opening up, forming a demographic dividend. However, the size of the population does not necessarily translate into a demographic dividend, but also needs the support of basic cultural quality. Since the reform and opening up, China has put basic education in an important position, formulated laws and regulations such as compulsory education law, and continuously increased investment in related fields, thus ensuring the improvement of the quality of the labor force. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the level of aging, the size of the labor force has shown signs of shrinking. In order to achieve sustainable economic development under the new conditions of labor supply, it is necessary to implement the quality construction project of workers, promote the construction of a large army of knowledge-based, technology-based and innovative workers, and promote the transformation from demographic dividend to talent dividend.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.The current situation puts forward new requirements for improving the quality of the population
- B.Education is the key to realize the sustainable development of economy at present
- C.The current economic development needs to release the demographic dividend
- D.The improvement of the quality of labor force needs to strengthen the basic education


One of the characteristics of spotted geese in flight is that they often fly in a certain formation, and the birds behind usually fly behind the side of the previous bird, so they have a common "human" formation. Some researchers believe that this formation can reduce air resistance and reduce flight energy consumption. However, opponents believe that if it is to reduce resistance, birds should choose a straight line formation, because one flight after another can minimize the air resistance that followers need to overcome.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best question the conclusion of the opponent?

Choices:
- A.During the flight, the leading geese will change positions with their rear companions from time to time, otherwise they will easily be exhausted
- B.When flying, the spotted geese deviate from their companions in front of them, which can not minimize the air resistance, but can greatly reduce the physical energy consumption required for ascent
- C.Spotted geese will have the need to determine the direction when flying, so they will not always fly in the shape of "human"
- D.In speed skating competitions, athletes often advance in the shape of "people". One athlete is in the front, followed by three others, and the last three players benefit from reduced resistance


If Xiao Zhang goes to Xinjiang this summer, he must visit Turpan and Kanas, otherwise he will not go; only if he travels with Xiao Li will Xiao Zhang visit Turpan or Tianchi; if he travels with Xiao Li, Xiao Zhang must make an agreement with Xiao Li; if Xiao Zhang makes an agreement with Xiao Li, Xiao Li must have time this summer. Unfortunately, this summer, Xiao Li unit came to an urgent task, related personnel are not allowed to ask for leave, Xiao Li is no exception.

Question: Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the followings is correct?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Zhang didn't go to Xinjiang this summer
- B.Xiao Zhang is going to visit Kanas this summer
- C.Xiao Zhang is going to visit Tianchi this summer
- D.Xiao Zhang is going to visit Turpan this summer


Jia, Yi, Bing, Ding and Wu travel by high-speed rail, and they happen to be sitting in the same row of seats A, B, C, D and F. It is known that: (1) if one of Jia or Yi sits in Block C, Bing sits in block B; (2) if Wu sits in block C, Ding sits in block F.

Question: If Ding is sitting in block  B, which of the followings is correct?

Choices:
- A.Jia is sitting in seat A
- B.Yi sits in seat D
- C.Bing sits in seat C
- D.Wu is sitting in seat F


In one study, the researchers observed the classroom participation of nearly 300 children in grade 2 and grade 4 over the course of a school year. Participation is measured by attentive behavior and distraction in class. The former refers to answering questions, raising hands to speak or participating in discussions, while the latter refers to behaviors such as small talk. In the experiment, half of the students stood at high desks while the other half sat. It was found that the students who stood up and listened to the class were more attentive than those who sat.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Standing requires the brain to balance the body and control mild muscle contractions, which are moderately stressful to make people more focused
- B.Sitting for a long time will increase the pressure on the spine, which is not conducive to the health of students
- C.Even if they stand up and listen to the lecture, some students will walk back and forth, affecting the order of the class and distracting others
- D.Many lively students prefer to stand up and have better concentration, while introverted students prefer to sit and listen, which is more conducive to improving their attention


Recently, researchers have found that fever can promote the transfer of lymphocytes to the infected site. This is because fever increases the expression of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in T lymphocytes, which binds to integrins and promotes T lymphocytes to adhere to blood vessels and eventually accelerate migration to the site of infection, they explained.

Question: Which of the followings does not support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Integrin is a cell adhesion molecule that controls the transport of T lymphocytes during fever
- B.Fever can induce Hsp90 to bind to the tail of integrin and activate integrin
- C.Not only fever, but also other stress can induce the expression of Hsp90 in T lymphocytes
- D.When Hsp90 binds to integrin, it can activate the signal pathway that promotes T lymphocyte migration


Society and culture advocate generosity, but such behavior often requires one to contribute one's own resources to the interests of others, so it is difficult to explain with general economic theory. However, some neuroscience papers have pointed out that even at the expense of self-interest, some people are generous to others because when people show generosity, they activate specific areas of the brain. and these areas are associated with areas that produce happiness.

Question: According to this passage, which of the following statements is true?

Choices:
- A.The behavior of sacrificing self-interest to satisfy others should not be respected too much
- B.The brain mechanism of human generosity is the same as that of happiness
- C.Generosity can increase happiness is one of the reasons why people treat others generously
- D.Economic theory can fully explain the mechanism of human altruistic behavior


In the traditional financial system, the financial support services for agriculture, rural areas and farmers are not enough for a long time, and the acquisition of financial services for rural areas, agriculture and farmers is not obvious. Influenced by the concepts of "short-term performance", "capital first" and "scale preference", the traditional financial system is relatively inadequate for small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurs with poor anti-risk ability. In addition, there is a certain imbalance between risk control, supervision and the market. These difficulties and pain points, to a certain extent, affect the high-quality development of the real economy and the satisfaction of the broad masses of people for a better life. Based on this, facing and solving the difficulties, pain points and service obstacles that can not be solved by the traditional financial system is the starting point of the rise of new finance.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.New market demand for financial services
- B.The realistic background of building new finance
- C.The problems faced by the rural financial system
- D.New development of traditional financial system


There is a very complex relationship between genes, traits and diseases. the most primitive way to decipher this relationship is the gene linkage analysis established in the middle of the last century: by comparing the similarities and differences of chromosome bands or genetic markers of different members of families affected by genetic diseases, locate disease-causing genes on chromosomes. This method has made a lot of achievements in the study of single-gene genetic diseases, but its disadvantage is that the resolution is limited, so it is difficult to accurately locate a single gene.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.It is difficult to accurately decipher the relationship between genes and diseases
- B.There are obvious defects in the method of gene linkage analysis
- C.It is easier to find out the cause of single gene hereditary disease
- D.Gene analysis is helpful to the accurate treatment of genetic diseases


In order to avoid predators and the hot sun, many migratory birds choose to fly at night when they migrate. When they have to fly over some natural geographical barriers such as the Gulf of Mexico, they even fly endlessly for 24 hours. Like humans, long-term lack of sleep can make birds extremely tired and less flexible, which inevitably leads to greater risk when they take a break. However, a new study shows that migratory birds have a clever solution. The scientists observed seven captured Sven's night thrushes and found that the migratory birds that used to fly at night were not completely relaxed during the day and usually had one eye open. Brain waves also showed that only half of their brains were in a standard dormant state.

Question: Which of the followings is the most suitable title for this passage?

Choices:
- A.Between half dreaming and half waking up
- B.The secret skill of Sven's night thrush
- C.Turn a blind eye
- D.Your night, my day


A reporter said: "money and happiness are pursued by people." However, just because a person is rich does not mean that he is necessarily happy. And a person's happiness does not mean that he must be rich. Among the people I interviewed: some are rich, some are happy, and most people don't have both. "

Question: If what the reporter said is true, which statement must be true about the people he interviewed?

Choices:
- A.Only a few people are rich and happy
- B.There are more rich people than happy people
- C.There are more happy people than rich people
- D.Some people are neither rich nor happy


A certain school stipulates that for any laboratory of the school, unless a teacher publishes a paper in an international journal, he is not qualified to apply for a state key laboratory. A teacher in the first laboratory of the school publishes papers in international journals. Laboratory B of the school is qualified to apply for the state key laboratory.

Question: If the above statement is true, which of the following must be true?

Choices:
- A.The first laboratory of the university is qualified to apply for the state key laboratory
- B.There are some teachers in the first laboratory of the school who have not published papers in international journals
- C.A teacher in the second laboratory of the school publishes papers in international journals
- D.There are some teachers in the second laboratory of the school who have not published papers in international journals


People are not saints, who can not make mistakes. I'm not a saint, so I make mistakes sometimes.

Question: Which of the followings is not similar to the argument structure of the main question?

Choices:
- A.Every man has his faults. Zhang Lingling is a human being, so Zhang Lingling is not perfect
- B.The ignorant are fearless. Xiao Zhang is well-informed, so he is cautious in doing things
- C.Who is not strong in ambition is not wise. Cao Fang is not strong-willed, so Cao Fang can't give full play to her wisdom
- D.When the narrow road meets, the brave wins. Su Mei is brave, so she will win in the end


In recent years, the traffic situation in a certain place has deteriorated day by day, and the relevant departments held a meeting to discuss related issues before the investigation. Some people suggested that large trucks should be banned from passing between 6: 00 a.m. to 9: 00 a.m. and 5: 00 p.m. to 8: 00 p.m., which can greatly alleviate the traffic congestion.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above assertion?

Choices:
- A.Under normal circumstances, the speed of large trucks is relatively fast.
- B.Large trucks are the main vehicles in this area during these two periods of time.
- C.The body of large trucks is relatively wide, while the roads in this area are relatively narrow.
- D.Drivers of large trucks pay less attention to traffic safety than drivers of other vehicles.


Whether a person's brain is smart or not is not only inborn, our acquired behavior will also have a profound impact on the brain. The bioscience principle of "the more lazy the brain is, the more difficult it is to function properly" also applies to the human brain. The nerve cells of the brain, like other tissues and organs, the more they are used, the more they can maintain their vitality; if they are not used, people may become more and more stupid.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.When people concentrate on thinking, the blood flow in the brain may change, which makes the temperature in some areas too high and lead to fatigue.
- B.As you get older, the neurons in your brain slowly die out.
- C.When a person completes a monotonous task, the brain automatically changes to "sleeping mode."
- D.Learning a new language can lead to a more efficient and flexible mode of communication between brain regions.


Researchers in a certain country recruited college students to study their emotions and brain activity. first, they were asked to read stories that inspire jealousy and schadenfreude, and then the changes of brain blood flow were measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). They found that jealousy was related to the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex, schadenfreude was associated with the activity of the striatum, and that the more active the anterior cingulate cortex was when jealousy occurred, the more active the striatum.

Question: According to the above research, which of the followings is most likely to be inferred?

Choices:
- A.Changes in brain function can prove that jealousy and schadenfreude are normal.
- B.People who like to be jealous of others have a stronger function of the anterior cingulate cortex than others.
- C.People who like to be jealous of others are more likely to gloat when others are not going well.
- D.People who like to be schadenfreude have higher striatal activity than those who like jealousy.


Flipped classroom is a new teaching mode that appears with the development of information technology. Under this mode, the time inside and outside the classroom is readjusted, and students watch and learn learning resources such as teaching videos before class. Teachers and students complete homework answering, collaborative exploration and interactive communication and other activities together in class, which transfers the decision-making power of learning from teachers to students. Some people think that this teaching model should be vigorously promoted in primary and secondary schools in our country in order to improve the effect of teaching.

Question: Which of the followings is not the assumption on which the above argument depends?

Choices:
- A.Teachers can quickly apply the previous teaching skills to the flipped classroom.
- B.Students will take the initiative to learn relevant content before class.
- C.The school can effectively coordinate the teaching and learning of teachers and students inside and outside the classroom.
- D.The matching software and system can be a good substitute for blackboard writing.


In a scientific experiment sponsored by an environmental protection group, researchers tested 250 bottles of plastic bottled water from several well-known brands in a country and found that only 17 bottles of water contained no plastic particles. Plastic particles may be toxic or non-toxic, but because of their small particles and hydrophobicity, they are carriers of toxic and harmful chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants. On this basis, it has been proposed that drinking plastic bottled water is harmful to health.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best refute that person's point of view?

Choices:
- A.The environmental group that sponsored the study is a green environmental  organization that advocates green living.
- B.The content of plastic particles in plastic bottled water during the shelf life is much lower than the safe standard of drinking water in various countries.
- C.The high density of chemical products and residues in plastic bottles will have a great impact on the human body and lead to health problems.
- D.The study was published in non-medical newspapers, neither in professional journals nor verified by other studies.


Smartwatch has developed rapidly in recent years, it has many functions that traditional watches do not have, such as real-time sending and receiving text messages and emails, real-time monitoring of exercise status, obtaining the data of the blood pressure and pulse and so on.Because of these advantages of smartwatch, more and more people buy smartwatch. On this basis, Zhang Nan predicts that in a few years, factories that make traditional watches will eventually close down.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can most weaken Zhang Nan's conclusion?

Choices:
- A.Because smartwatches are expensive, some consumers will not buy smartwatches.
- B.Although traditional watches have a single function, people who are used to wearing them are reluctant to switch to smartwatches.
- C.Most manufacturers of traditional watches make not only traditional watches but also smartwatches.
- D.Many smartwatches need to be used with smartphones, which makes many people feel troublesome.


A certain unit is preparing to hold the annual spring sports meeting. All the members of Section A participated in the 50-meter or 100-meter sprint, and some young members of the Section also participated in the 10,000-meter long-distance race. Some people infer that some of the members of the unit who participated in sprint events are long-term long-distance runners.

Question: Which of the followings is a prerequisite for the above inference to be correct?

Choices:
- A.All the members of Section A who did not participate in the 10,000-meter long-distance race are not long-term  long-distance runners.
- B.The members of Section A who do not participate in the 10,000-meter long-distance race are not long-term  long-distance runners.
- C.Some of the members who took part in the 10,000-meter long-distance race are long-term  long-distance runners.
- D.All the members who participated in the 10,000-meter race are long-term  long-distance runners.


Five undergraduate students, Xiaohua, Xiaofeng, Xiaoming, Xiaogang and Xiaoqiang, live in a dormitory. When determining the instructor of the thesis for the academic year, they will be assigned to one of Mr. Zhang, Mr. Wang and Mr. Li respectively. Mr. Zhang only studies ancient literature, Mr. Wang only studies lexicology and ancient philology, and Mr. Li only studies syntax and lexicology. Each instructor can guide up to two people, and each student is interested in only one research direction of the assigned instructor. It is known that: (1) Xiaofeng and Xiaogang were assigned to Mr. Wang; (2) Xiao Hua was assigned to Mr. Li.

Question: If each student is assigned to the instructor according to his or her own interests, which of the following options does not conform to the statement of the subject?

Choices:
- A.Xiaoming is interested in lexicology and Xiaoqiang is interested in ancient literature.
- B.Xiaoming is interested in syntax and Xiaoqiang is interested in ancient literature.
- C.Xiaoming is interested in ancient literature and Xiaoqiang is interested in syntax.
- D.Xiaoming is interested in ancient literature, and Xiaoqiang is interested in ancient literature.


The researchers looked at 241 stroke patients. Of the 88 patients with systemic strokes, 78 had specific creases on their earlobes, and 112 of the 153 patients with temporary ischemic strokes (commonly known as microstrokes / small strokes) had the same phenomenon. The researchers believe that we should consider adding this kind of crease on the earlobe to the "list of risk factors for a typical stroke."

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The crease of the earlobe is one of the visual indicators of potential health risks, which means an increase in various health risks.
- B.Blockage of arterioles deteriorates blood circulation in the head and neck, caused creases in the earlobe and increased the risk of stroke
- C.Creases in the earlobe are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease.
- D.With the increase of age, the blood circulation of the skin slows down, the elasticity of the skin of the earlobe decreases, and finally there are creases.


A British study counted the IQ of 8170 people at the age of 10 and their diet in adulthood. The results show that the higher the IQ at the age of 10, the more likely it is to become a vegetarian at the age of 30. Another survey of the diets of tens of thousands of people with high IQs shows that most of these people are vegetarians. Therefore, "vegetarianism is the choice of smart people, vegetarianism makes you and me wiser", which has become the slogan of many vegetarian restaurants.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, cannot question the above slogan?

Choices:
- A.Many vegetarian restaurants are expensive, and only people with better social and economic status often patronize them, and these people have higher IQs.
- B.Meat and animal viscera are the main sources of iron. Iron deficiency anemia can lead to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain and mental retardation.
- C.The development of the brain is inseparable from adequate phospholipids, and the main source of phospholipid diet is fish and eggs.
- D.People with high IQs tend to choose a vegetarian diet doesn't mean that vegetarianism makes people have a higher IQ.


Several colleagues are having tea and chatting at Xiao Wang's house. They discussed what kind of tea they were drinking. Xiao Liu said, "it's not Longjing, it's not Biluochun." Xiao Zhao said, "it's not Longjing, it's oolong tea." Xiao Li said, "it's not oolong tea, it's Longjing tea." Finally, Xiao Wang confirmed that one of the three was completely right, one was only half right, and the other was completely wrong.

Question: Which of the following options can be inferred?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Liu's judgment is absolutely correct. The tea they drink is oolong tea.
- B.Xiao Zhao's judgment is absolutely correct. The tea they drink is not Longjing tea.
- C.Xiao Li's judgment is absolutely correct. The tea they drink is Longjing tea.
- D.Xiao Li's judgment was only half right. The tea they drank was Biluochun.


The incidence of cancer is related to genes. If the gene mutates and becomes too active, it will drive the occurrence of cancer. Similarly, if the tumor suppressor gene mutates and loses its function, it will also promote cancer. PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene prone to mutation. It has been found that an E3 ubiquitin ligase called WWP1 binds to PTEN, affecting its anti-cancer function. Inhibiting the function of WWP1 can liberate PTEN, restore the inhibition of PTEN on cancer, and thus play an anti-cancer role. Studies have confirmed that a natural compound called indole-3-methanol (I3C) can effectively inhibit the function of WWP1, which is very common in cruciferous plants such as broccoli.

Question: According to the above discussion, which of the following options is correct?

Choices:
- A.Eating cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli helps to treat cancer.
- B.The higher the content of WWP1, the lower the content of PTEN.
- C.E3 ubiquitin ligase affects the occurrence of cancer by acting on oncogenes.
- D.I3C helps to restore the anti-cancer function of PTEN.


Interactive memory means that when a group of two or more individuals work and live together for a long time, they will share the stored memory. Individuals do not necessarily need to remember all the information, but only need to remember which information the members of the group are experts in, and when they need this information, they can ask them. In this way, the memories that should be stored in each individual are scattered into the minds of the different members of the group, just as the minds of all members form a larger memory bank.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to interactive memory?

Choices:
- A.Xiaoguo is very familiar with all kinds of equipment in the laboratory. Members of the research group will ask Xiaoguo's opinion when discussing the errors of the experimental data, so as to rule out the possibility of significant errors caused by the equipment.
- B.Xiaomei and Xiaofang often study together. When they review before the exam, they ask each other questions and examine each other. They find that they do not have their own knowledge points, which effectively improves their learning efficiency.
- C.Xiao Tao was at home looking for photos of previous family gatherings, but he couldn't find them. He asked his father, "do you remember where we put those group photos?" Father replied, "you have to ask your mother about the things at home."
- D.Xia Jiang, a graduate student, could not find the original source of a theory. He remembered that a brother in the same research group had introduced the research in this area before, so he went to the brother for help. The brother told him in which book he could find it.


Wet lease is a special lease between airlines. While it provides the aircraft, it provides the crew and the flight crew to serve each other, and in the process of leasing, the logo and the aircraft number of the leased aircraft remain unchanged.The regulatory system of civil aviation defines it as a lease in which a lessee leases an aircraft under a lease agreement in which it carries one or more members of the crew.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to wet lease?

Choices:
- A.Tickets for a certain route are sold by airline A, while airline B performs flights independently. The two companies have reached an agreement to use the flight number of Company A during the cooperation.
- B.In order to open up a new route in Europe, an airline imported five latest aircraft from country A, and at the same time hired pilots and professional maintenance technicians from country A to serve the new route.
- C.Due to seasonal reasons, an airline has a shortage of personnel, so some of its staff are temporarily seconded from airline B to undertake the task of flying.
- D.With Christmas approaching, airline A leased three civilian aircraft from country B in order to ease the pressure on passenger transport, and the crew and maintenance staff are still the original resources of country B.