As far as calligraphy is concerned, there is a difference between Han stele and Han bamboo slips. Han stele is later carved by Shudan and then extended into Motuo, while Han bamboo slips are written directly on bamboo slips with a brush. This leads to differences in writing attitude: the writing of the stele is formal, and its words, contents, fonts and even the process of writing and engraving are very rigorous, while the writing of Han bamboo slips is the embodiment of real writing, and the writer is often in a relaxed state. There is no pressure and burden that must be written well. Calligraphy "has no intention to be good". The rectification of Han steles and the frankness of Han bamboo slips have different aesthetic interests. The inspiration of Han bamboo slips calligraphy to today is more of a frank and natural attitude. In the study of ancient calligraphy works, it is necessary to understand this difference, so as to better grasp their respective characteristics.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.The state of writing has a direct influence on the style of calligraphy
- B.Han stele and Han bamboo slips are representatives of different writing styles
- C.How to correctly understand the calligraphy value of Han Stele and Han Bamboo slips
- D.Calligraphy works are a combination of writing tools and writing behavior


Affected by the subprime mortgage crisis in the United States, the global economy has stopped growing or even retrogressed, and cross-border trade has tightened more or less in both developed and developing countries. In this case, the available funds of both countries and enterprises are relatively tight, and the demand for capital turnover is getting higher and higher, which undoubtedly makes the traditional trade model of large transaction volume and long account period difficult to sustain. in order to avoid capital risk, the government and enterprises divide the original trade model into a number of small trade, while shortening the account period, coupled with the Internet and convenient logistics. This new trade pattern is becoming more and more popular all over the world.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.Internet and Logistics are the prerequisites for the popularity of emerging trade models
- B.The subprime crisis has directly affected the scale of traditional cross-border trade
- C.Small cross-border trade helps enterprises and governments to avoid capital risks
- D.Economic crisis has become a booster for the development of small cross-border e-commerce


If it is said that the painting Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival reflects the "vulgar" side of life in the Song Dynasty, "Xiyuan Ya Collection" is the symbol of "elegance". Xiyuan Ya Ji, which was widely told in the Northern Song Dynasty, showed the banquet scenes of many literati at that time. Su Shi, Li Gonglin and Mi Fu gathered together to recite poems and lyrics, or to caress the piano and sing, or to meditate and ask Zen, forming a literati circle with Su Shi as the center. The painter Li Gonglin depicts the elegant collection in a realistic way, with a preface to rice, saying, "the gurgling of water and stone, the swallowing of wind and bamboo, the square curl of furnace smoke, and the self-sweetness of vegetation. The joy of emptiness in the world, but so much. Xiyuan Ya Collection is a classic motif in the history of ancient painting, and many future generations of painters have copies or imitations, which is also a continuation of the spirit of the Song Dynasty.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.Compare the different styles of "Xiyuan Ya Collection" and "Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival"
- B.This paper introduces the creators and cultural celebrities depicted in the Xiyuan Ya Collection
- C.Explain the literati's interest and spiritual value in the Xiyuan Ya Collection
- D.Evaluation of the unique contribution of Xiyuan Ya Collection to the History of ancient Chinese painting


"Questioning" is actually the most basic scientific spirit. Previous results, conclusions and even widely confirmed and accepted theoretical systems need to be examined with skepticism. However, "questioning" is not the same as "doubt", let alone a total negation. "questioning" is actually learning critically and accepting critically, and its purpose is to find loopholes, defects, imperfections, untested or inapplicable places in previous work. For example, Einstein questioned Newtonian mechanics and Newtonian theory of gravity, which led him to find that Newtonian mechanics and Newtonian theory of gravity are correct only in the case of low speed and weak gravitational field, otherwise it is necessary to use special relativity and general relativity.

Question: What are the characteristics of "questioning" in this passage? Which of the followings is true?

Choices:
- A.As the reason for the basic spirit of science
- B.The internal connection and difference between suspicion and suspicion
- C.The importance to the development of scientific theory
- D.Its connotation and practical value


The Yuan Dynasty inherited the policy of opening to the outside world in the Tang and Song dynasties, strengthened its political ties with overseas countries, and actively carried out overseas trade economically. There are more than 200 countries and regions related to the Yuan Dynasty, a considerable part of which were not recorded in the previous generation. The Great Triangle of Southern Africa appeared in the early Ming Dynasty (1389) and Korea's (1402). The two pictures are similar. The author of the Korean map made it clear that it was drawn according to the two kinds of maps of the Yuan people. It can be seen that the Yuan people already have some understanding of the geographical situation of Africa. The expansion of overseas geography knowledge reflects the progress of overseas transportation. It can be considered that the overseas activities of the Yuan Dynasty laid the foundation for Zheng he's navigation in the 15th century.

Question: Which of the following statements is consistent with the original text?

Choices:
- A.There are far more overseas countries in contact with the Yuan Dynasty than with the previous dynasties
- B.The Western Expedition of the Yuan Dynasty reached Africa and drew a map accordingly
- C.The Yuan Dynasty was the most developed period of maritime traffic in China
- D.The most prosperous overseas trade in China in history was the Yuan Dynasty


Linguistics is a discipline that studies the patterns and evolutional laws of language structure. The search for "pattern" and "law" is the common goal of linguistics and other sciences. However, scientific goals are far from enough. The common methodological features of modern science, such as deduction and induction, qualitative and quantitative, description and interpretation, hypothesis and testing, are exactly what Chinese traditional linguistics lacks. At the same time, Chinese linguistics is also faced with the problem of internationalization. Our voice in the international academic community of linguistics is still very weak. The reason for this situation can not be completely attributed to the different objects of study, and the international academic language is the language barrier of English, and there are also problems of research ideas and research methods.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.The study of Chinese linguistics has a long way to go towards scientization and internationalization
- B.In the past, there were some misunderstandings about the direction of linguistic research in the field of linguistics in China
- C.The problems of research ideas and methods restrict the scientization and internationalization of Chinese linguistics
- D.The exploration of the pattern of language structure and the law of evolution is the ultimate pursuit of modern linguistics


The restoration of ancient books is a very practical work, if you can not get in touch with ancient books, even if you have learned the relevant knowledge, it is difficult to improve the practical ability. Although the restoration of ancient books can be regarded as a skill, it requires literature, bibliography, and even background knowledge of science and engineering such as materials and chemistry to work better and requires a higher level of education. Libraries, museums and other recruitment units usually have high academic requirements for candidates for the restoration of ancient books, requiring bachelor's degree or above, but at present, the academic education of ancient books restoration major in our country is mainly higher vocational college education. This makes the talent needs of cultural and cultural institutions can not be met, and people with some practical skills are useless.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.Talents for the restoration of ancient books should have professional knowledge in many aspects
- B.When recruiting ancient book restoration talents, we should pay less attention to education and more ability
- C.Cultural institutions should provide practical opportunities for ancient book restoration personnel
- D.The cultivation of talents for the restoration of ancient books is seriously out of touch with the actual needs


As we all know, radar mainly detects the target by receiving the reflected signal of the target. The so-called stealth technology mainly depends on shape, absorbing coating and other ways to absorb radar waves or change the propagation mode of radar waves, so as to achieve the purpose of stealth. Coincidentally, terahertz radar is almost immune to these stealth tricks. Terahertz, which is better than others, is much smaller than the wavelengths of microwave and millimeter wave, and can be used to detect smaller targets and achieve more accurate positioning. At the same time, terahertz wave contains rich frequencies and wide bandwidth, which can emit nanosecond or even picosecond pulses at thousands of frequencies, which is much beyond the "shielding" range of the existing stealth technology.

Question: According to this passage, which of the followings is true?

Choices:
- A.Terahertz wave has longer wavelength and more abundant frequency
- B.Terahertz radar can decipher general reflected signals
- C.General stealth fighters can be detected by terahertz radar
- D.Terahertz waves can detect stealth fighters in a wider range


China is one of the countries with the highest degree of agricultural openness in the world. with the deepening of opening up to the outside world, the domestic market and the international market will be further integrated, and the degree of agricultural openness will be further improved. In the future, we will face competition not only from developed countries with a high level of agricultural modernization, but also from developing countries with obvious labor advantages. At present, the production cost of domestic agricultural products is still in the rising channel, land rental, labor costs and machinery operating costs continue to rise, grain and other agricultural products lack price advantages, while international agricultural prices decline, imports increase, and the pressure on domestic grain inventory increases, which will have a huge impact on China's market and will directly lead to a narrowing of the space for domestic price increases. The production of domestic agricultural products will face the double squeeze of price "ceiling" and cost "floor", and the comparative benefit will decline.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.The market competitiveness of domestic agricultural products needs to be improved
- B.We must speed up the transformation of the mode of agricultural development in China
- C.We should be cautious to continue to improve the degree of agricultural openness
- D.It is urgent to solve the development dilemma of domestic agricultural products


During the Han Dynasty, most of the supervisors were recommended by local officials. In order to ensure that the imperial history exercised the power of impeachment without restraint, the Sui and Tang dynasties changed the system in which the official was selected and appointed by the official department since the Northern Wei Dynasty, but the selection of the official department in the Tang Dynasty was actually controlled by the prime minister. In the Song Dynasty, most of the supervisors at the central level were promoted by "emperors", while the local supervisors implemented the "official self-selection system", which was directly appointed by the central supervisors, and the supervisory power got rid of the control of the prime minister's power. In order to prevent nepotism, there will also be some restrictions on qualifications and avoidance. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, great scholars were not allowed to serve as imperial magistrates, and in the Song Dynasty, relatives recommended by prime ministers as officials or prime ministers were not allowed to be imperial histories. In the Ming Dynasty, itinerant supervisors should avoid their places of origin, or had served as officials or lived in places.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.The procedure of selecting and appointing supervisors in Ancient China
- B.The difference between ancient supervisors and other official positions
- C.The inheritance and Reform of the Supervisor system in past dynasties
- D.The historical origin of the system of withdrawal from the posts of supervisors


When people discuss place names, they often ignore their time meaning and concepts, because the definition of a place name from the scope of space, without argument or surface, is demarcated by geographical coordinates and specific boundaries. But any space range, in fact, is related to a certain time range, this time range is long and short, and in this time range, place names are associated with many things and factors other than place names. Therefore, in addition to the original intention, place names also have their historical, cultural, social, national and other aspects of significance.

Question: This passage is the beginning of an article. Which of the followings is most likely to be discussed in this article?

Choices:
- A.The relationship between ancient and modern place names
- B.The law of the naming place
- C.The history and culture of place names
- D.The influence of geographical location on place names


Objectively speaking, in order to realize self-driving, it is far from enough to rely on the upgrading of the car itself, and it is also necessary to upgrade the urban road to intelligent management so as to achieve the linkage between the car and the urban transportation system. Cars can have more "eyes" to observe the surrounding road conditions and discover potential dangers. However, in the current technology and environment is not perfect, driverless cars can not be as accurate as the human brain, can not rush on the road. This is also what self-driving developers should pay attention to. Research and development should be thoughtful rather than radical. After all, whether self-driving can cope with a complex road environment must be tested by a "road test".

Question: Which of the followings is the content that this text is meant to emphasize?

Choices:
- A.The application of autopilot technology needs to move forward steadily
- B.The safety is the first principle in the application of autopilot technology
- C.The realization of autopilot can not be achieved without the upgrading of various supporting facilities
- D.Whether or not to pass the "road test" test is the key to autopilot technology


Perhaps because of the deep influence of agricultural civilization, Chinese classical art has always been entangled with a sensitivity to flowers and plants. Lin Huiyin said: "cherishing flowers, understanding flowers too oriental, intimate with nature, with the meticulous nature of human nature is the mood of oriental tradition." We all memorize: " The young shoots of reeds are grey,The white dew looks like frost;The lady who is so-called that person,Is at another side of the river." But not everyone knows that the so-called "Reed" is the Reed we are familiar with. In fact, the world in the Book of songs is not far away. The folk songs of the pre-Qin period are almost inseparable from plants, wind, rain, crops, and the sound of vegetation, so that the plants and flowers in the Book of songs have also become a discipline, attracting generations of scholars to study and textual research. The song is almost inseparable from plants, wind and rain, crops and trees, so much so that the plants and flowers in the Book of songs have also become a subject of learning, attracting generations of scholars to study and textual research. The flowers and plants in the Book of songs have also become a subject of learning, attracting generations of scholars to study and textual research.

Question: Which of the followings is the most appropriate summary of this passage?

Choices:
- A.Chinese classical art is deeply influenced by agricultural civilization
- B.Flowers and plants are important elements of Chinese classical art
- C.The pre-Qin folk songs mainly depict flowers and plants
- D.The Book of songs provides rich materials for the study of ancient scholars


A few days ago, the world's first flexible artificial tactile nerve came out. This artificial nerve can well simulate the tactile function of human skin and is compatible with biological nerve signals. It can be used in prosthetics to achieve compatibility with the human nervous system, and the flexible and lightweight structure will make the related products have good comfort. This artificial nerve also has potential significance for the treatment of nervous system diseases. If applied to software robots, it can achieve human-like perception and replace human beings in extreme working environments. Scientists say that although the research is promising, it is only the first step and there is still a lot of work to be done.

Question: With regard to "artificial nerve", which of the followings is not involved in this paragraph?

Choices:
- A.Core technology
- B.Application field
- C.Research and development progress
- D.Main features


With the emergence of the Internet, people have more convenient and efficient channels to seek knowledge. However, in order to cling to the market at the initial stage of development, Internet enterprises basically provided relevant information and knowledge to netizens free of charge, which formed the habit of free consumption of the Internet by Chinese netizens, and could not adapt to or even contradict the need to pay for online reading. In this context, some knowledge paid APP is not smooth in market development. However, it is this kind of APP with the help of the Internet that makes knowledge show its market value, and because of the popularization of new technology, compared with traditional teaching and writing, on the one hand, it wins more economic benefits for knowledge providers, on the other hand, it saves a lot of money for knowledge consumers.

Question: Which of the followings is the content about the payment for Internet knowledge that this paragraph is intended to emphasize?

Choices:
- A.It brings a win-win situation for both merchants and consumers
- B.Development depends on the popularization of new technology
- C.Making people realize the market value of knowledge
- D.Gradually changing the traditional consumption habits of netizens


A good writer, like a famous tea, is the cohesion of the aura of years, mountains and rivers. In addition to acquired skill training, talent and growth environment are inseparable. The backbone of Chinese contemporary literary world, such as Mo Yan, Jia Pingwa, Alai, Chi Zijian and so on, clearly reflects the profound shaping of his writing by the regional environment. Most of these writers were born in remote villages, and their works are mainly local themes, and many of them take their hometown as a "literary base". This reflects a phenomenon of contemporary Chinese literature, that is, works with local themes account for the vast majority. Even if most of the writing and reading groups live in the city, the intersection between them is still rural: writers who live in the city, write novels about the country, and read to readers who live in the city but have local memories.

Question: Which of the followings is most likely to be described next?

Choices:
- A.The influence of Writers' growing Environment on Literary creation
- B.The representative works of famous local writers in the contemporary literary world
- C.Why Contemporary Literature is keen on the creation of local themes
- D.The changing trend of narrative theme in contemporary Chinese literature


Science and art are like the two sides of a coin, which are based on human creativity and pursue the universality of truth. Scientific communication is also a kind of creative activity, in which practitioners transform science into content that is easy for the public to understand by various means and ways, so as to realize communication, stimulate people's awareness and appreciation of science, and form an objective and rational attitude towards science. In this process, it is also necessary to combine science with art. From the perspective of academic peer communication, many famous academic journals have artistic covers, which are the result of the combination of science and art. Science communication for the general public needs to combine education with fun, and its significance is nothing more than to emphasize that the dissemination of information should be grafted into artistic means, so as to touch the nerves of the public and resonate with them.

Question: Which of the followings is the most suitable title for this passage?

Choices:
- A.Science communication is also an art
- B.Science and Art, the two sides of the coin
- C.Grafting Art, science becomes popular culture
- D.Art cover, the cross-border combination of Science and Art


Without sunlight, colorful insects may be gray because of their wonderful microstructure, which forms bright colors under the refraction, diffraction and interference of light. The color of insects can be divided into pigment color and structural color. Structural color is the main part of insect color, especially moths and Lepidoptera insects including butterflies. The scales on their wings have extremely exquisite three-dimensional microstructure and can produce a variety of structural colors. When we catch butterflies with our hands, the "powder" stuck to our hands is scales, the size of which is generally about 50 microns, and the microstructure of its surface is only a few hundred nanometers. Moths were born 200 million years ago, people can only guess its beautiful color, because fossils can only preserve the structure of organisms, can not leave color.

Question: Which of the following statements is consistent with the original text?

Choices:
- A.The colors of moths and Lepidoptera insects come from the same structural color
- B.People can obtain biological information such as color from moth fossils
- C.The color of insects is the result of the interaction of their own structure and light
- D.Scales with the same microstructure can produce the same color


Skepticism is a rhetorical method formed by flexible use of selective questions, which asks questions side by side with two or more questions, but does not require the reader to choose one of them, but makes the reader question. When the language is coherent, all doubts will be dispelled.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following uses skeptical rhetoric?

Choices:
- A.How heavy is the water, how heavy is the mountain? The water surrounds the mountains and surrounds the city of Guilin... Is it a mountain city, is it a water city? All in green mountains and green waters...
- B.Which star has no light? Which flower has no fragrance? Sea, when was there no clear sound of your waves in my thoughts?
- C.I have traveled a lot of roads. Where have I ever seen a road full of thorns like this?I have traveled a lot of roads. Where have I seen such a rugged and difficult road? No
- D.Ah, Huang Jiguang, Liu Hulan. Aren't all the flowers cultivated by the Party and irrigated by the showers of communism? What other flowers in the world can compete with them?


Attention can be divided into two types: seemingly attentive and seemingly inattentive. Attention seems to mean paying attention to something on the surface, but actually thinking about something else in mind. Inattention seems to mean that you don't seem to pay attention to something but actually pay great attention to it in your heart.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not seem to pay attention to?

Choices:
- A.People who come to the seaside for the first time are often attracted by the magnificent scenery unconsciously
- B.The students were in the classroom when suddenly a man came in from outside, and the students couldn't help looking at him
- C.Near lunchtime, the meeting is not over yet. Although many attendees appear to be listening carefully to the content of the meeting, they are thinking about what to eat for lunch
- D.The scout found the suspect in the crowd, pretended not to see it, and then crept up and caught him unexpectedly


O2O model, or OnlineToOffline, refers to the combination of offline business opportunities with the Internet, making the Internet the foreground of offline transactions. Online platforms provide consumers with consumer guides, discount information, convenience services and sharing platforms, while offline merchants focus on providing services.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to O2O mode?

Choices:
- A.Passengers can book a taxi by calling the taxi hotline and can enjoy pick-up service at a specified time and place
- B.The transoceanic English chat rooms on the Internet enable Chinese students to communicate directly with foreign friends in English
- C.Researchers use Wechat platform to recruit test subjects, and then conduct offline interviews according to the results of their online questionnaires
- D.The housekeeping service company uses mobile phone software to promote domestic service. After users make an appointment through mobile phone, the staff will come home to serve


If the cost of producing a product in one country is lower than that in another country, then the country has a comparative advantage over another country in the production of this commodity.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings is correct?

Choices:
- A.If the cost of producing a product in one country is lower than that in another country, then the country has a comparative advantage over another country in the production of this commodity
- B.Country A has a large population and cheap labor attracts most mobile phone manufacturing companies of country B to set up production lines in country A. compared with country B, country A has a comparative advantage in mobile phone production
- C.Because of its beautiful natural scenery, an European country has become the location location of many Asian film studios. Compared with Asian countries, this European country has a comparative advantage in film production
- D.Country A is rich in oil resources, but natural gas resources are scarce. Country B imports oil from country A and exports natural gas to country A. compared with country A, country B has a comparative advantage in energy


Related marketing means that businesses find the relevance of the marketing content of products and brands through the integration of resources, so as to achieve deep and multifaceted guidance.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not reflect related marketing?

Choices:
- A.The main product of a sporting goods store is swimsuit, which is also sold with sunscreen, sunglasses and sunhats next to the swimsuit area
- B.By building an experience space, a TV manufacturer can make customers feel the visual experience brought by the LCD screen, so as to promote the sales of TV sets
- C.A mother and baby website speculates the age of the child according to the children's diapers purchased by the customer, so as to recommend more products that children of this age need to use on the shopping page
- D.The best-selling product of a clothing company is a kind of round-neck T-shirt with a certain pattern. at the same time, the company also produces V-collar T-shirt and vertical-collar T-shirt with this pattern, which also sells well


The guarantee of joint and several liability is a kind of guarantee of debt, which refers to the agreement between the guarantor and the creditor that if the debtor fails to perform the debt at the expiration of the time limit for the performance of the debt, the creditor may not only require the debtor to perform the debt, but also require the guarantor to bear the debt within the scope of its guarantee.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings belongs to the guarantee of joint and several liability?

Choices:
- A.A owes B 1 million yuan, A asks C, and the three parties agree that if A fails to repay the payment within three months, C will claim the claim on behalf of B
- B.A owes B 1 million yuan, A calls C, and the three parties agree that if A fails to repay the payment within three months, B has the right to ask C to repay the full payment
- C.A owes B 1 million yuan, A finds C, who still owes himself 1 million yuan, and the three parties agree that if A fails to repay the payment, it will be repaid on behalf of C
- D.A owes B 1 million yuan, A calls C and gives a famous painting in C's collection to B. it is agreed that if A fails to repay the payment within three months, B has the right to acquire the ownership of the painting


Obligatory norms require people to do or not to do certain acts in some way. Authorized norms show that people have the right to do or not to do certain acts. The relationship between the two is: when an act is established as an obligation, it is also established as a right; denying that an act is an obligation does not mean denying that it is a right; when an act is established as a right, it does not mean that this kind of behavior is an obligation; denying a certain act is a right, that is, denying that a certain act is an obligation.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following statements is wrong?

Choices:
- A.If it is stipulated that "citizens have the right to vote", it means that "citizens have the duty to elect"
- B.If it is stipulated that "citizens have no obligation to have children", it does not mean that "citizens have no right to have children"
- C.If it is stipulated that "undergraduates must take a foreign language course", it means that "undergraduates have the right to take a foreign language course"
- D.If it is stipulated that "citizens do not have the right to interfere with other people's freedom of marriage", it means that "citizens have no obligation to interfere with other people's freedom of marriage"


Reciprocal altruism refers to the behavior of mutual benefit between two unrelated animal individuals through mutual cooperation. Pure altruism means that individual animals perform altruistic behavior to other individuals who are not related to each other, without pursuing any objective reward for themselves.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following animal behaviors is purely altruistic?

Choices:
- A.In the honeybee population, the queen lays eggs and hatches into worker bees, and the worker bees do not give birth on their own, but go all out to raise the larvae after laying eggs and hatching
- B.Rhinolophus is a kind of bat that feeds on the blood of other animals. One bat that sucks blood will spit blood to another starving bat that has nothing to do with it
- C.When the hare is hiding in the bushes, several eagles will temporarily form a cooperative group, and one or more of them will drive the hare out, and the others will swoop down from the air to kill the hare
- D.Female sparrow fish always attract small fish from other species to their own schools to feed, and the newly added small fish can expand their own shoal. The larger the school is, the less likely it is that the young finfish will be preyed on


The orange-bellied prairie vole practices monogamy, which is extremely rare in the animal world. The researchers first examined the "communication" between the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in female voles (the two regions are anatomically connected, and the nucleus accumbens plays a key role in the brain's reward system). The female voles were then asked to meet with male voles, and the intensity of communication between the two brain regions was continuously measured during the meeting. They found that voles with higher levels of communication in their brain regions were more likely to quickly establish intimate relationships with their partners. As a result, they believe that the activation of the loop between the two brain regions can directly affect the production of animal love.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the views of the above researchers?

Choices:
- A.After the first sexual intercourse, the intensity of communication between the two brain regions of the orange-bellied prairie voles was directly related to the speed of hugging after sex
- B.Previous studies have found that love-related chemicals, whether dopamine or oxytocin, can more or less activate the reward system and make people fall in love with their partner.
- C.The researchers asked male and female voles to get close but not in direct contact, giving specific wavelengths of light to activate this neural pathway. The next day, female voles were more likely to be intimate with the male voles they had seen yesterday than to face strange male voles
- D.Mountain mice, which share more than 99% of the genes of orange-bellied prairie voles, still forget their partners overnight even if they are injected with enough oxytocin (love-related chemicals). Studies have found that the corresponding areas of the brain of mountain mice lack oxytocin receptors


A new study has found that mutations in DNA in the brain are the cause of depression and anxiety disorders, and the changes are passed on to future generations. However, some opponents argue that increased activity in the amygdala increases activity in areas of the brain that deal with panic, which is the cause of depression and anxiety disorders.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, will most weaken the opponents' point of view?

Choices:
- A.The mutation of DNA is the chief culprit of many human diseases
- B.Unhealthy habits can also lead to depression and anxiety
- C.The variation of brain DNA is the reason for the increase of amygdala activity
- D.Some people with depression and anxiety disorders have mutations in brain DNA


A community recently conducted a survey on the relationship between pet ownership and happiness in family life. The survey interviewed 100 families, including the type of pets, the time of keeping pets, the education and occupation of family members, and so on. The results show that the happiness of family members in families with pets is generally higher than that in families without pets. This shows that keeping pets helps to improve the happiness of family life.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most weakens the above argument?

Choices:
- A.The number of samples collected in the survey is insufficient
- B.The people who keep pets in this community are usually the residents with better living conditions
- C.For families without pets, the family members are usually busy on-duty workers
- D.Families usually keep pets because their members have plenty of time and have a high sense of happiness in family life


Sleep apnea is a disease characterized by obstruction of air into the lungs during sleep. Once the patient stops breathing for a short time, the patient will wake up immediately so that he can breathe again. As a result, people who suffer from sleep apnea sometimes wake up every minute or two, which can last all night. Men and women diagnosed with sleep apnea are 2.4 and 5.2 times more likely to develop severe depression than those who sleep well, a study found. Researchers believe that intermittent sleep can lead to depression.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, can best support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.All patients with sleep apnea have a serious lack of sleep
- B.The number of women suffering from depression is more than twice as high as that of men in the world
- C.Some studies have found that people who sleep deeply for a long time are in a better state of mind the next day
- D.The use of auxiliary equipment to restore normal breathing and sleep can significantly alleviate the symptoms of depression


Telomeres are DNA fragments whose length is very long at birth and then becomes shorter and is regarded as a sign of aging. After analyzing data over the years, the researchers found that the average telomere length of women who had at least one child was 4.2% shorter than that of infertile women. This percentage is equivalent to 11 years of cell aging, outpacing the effects of smoking and obesity on cell aging. As a result, it has been suggested that having children will speed up the aging of women.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, cannot refute the above point of view?

Choices:
- A.Cell senescence does not represent individual senescence. Cell senescence is an important way to prevent cell carcinogenesis
- B.During pregnancy, the level of estrogen in women continues to rise sharply, which has a protective effect on cell telomeres
- C.The structure of the human body is very complex, including all kinds of cells, tissues and organs. Aging cannot be simply explained by telomeres
- D.Giving birth is good for women's health and can reduce the risk of many diseases. Breastfeeding for one year can reduce women's risk of breast cancer by 30%


Recently, scientists have confirmed for the first time that lizards sleep in two states: rapid eye movement (REM) and slow wave sleep (SWS). In REM, the brain produces high-frequency electric waves and rapid eye movements, which are associated with dreaming. Scientists speculate that lizards, like humans, dream during sleep.

Question: Which of the following should be added as a premise for scientists to speculate?

Choices:
- A.Human dreams occur in the stage of rapid eye movement
- B.Lizards and humans share some common biological characteristics
- C.During sleep, rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep are carried out alternately
- D.Researchers have confirmed that people often dream during sleep


The giant-toothed shark, which became extinct 2.6 million years ago, is more than 15 meters long and has a powerful bite force, and its 3-meter-wide jaw can crush a car. However, a recent study shows that giant-toothed sharks prefer minke whales less than 5 meters long rather than larger baleen whales. However, due to climate change, the population of minke whales has plummeted. Based on this, the researchers believe that giant-toothed sharks became extinct due to lack of food.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, weakens the above conclusion most?

Choices:
- A.The sharp decline in the population of minke whales 2.6 million years ago was due to lack of food
- B.Baleen whales are the fastest of all whales and are difficult to be preyed on by giant tooth sharks
- C.Giant tooth sharks also like to prey on smaller seals and now extinct dwarf sperm whales
- D.Large whales such as humpback whales and blue whales that lived at the same time as giant-toothed sharks have evolved


Some scholars believe that the producers, consumers and market managers of cultural products are not the cause of the vulgarization of cultural products, and the vulgarization of cultural products is caused by the marketization of cultural products. because the profit-seeking nature of the market will cause the producers, consumers and market managers of cultural products to ignore the social benefits of cultural development, thus leading to the vulgarization of cultural products.

Question: Which of the followings, if true, most weakens the above argument?

Choices:
- A.The market-oriented development of cultural products will inevitably lead to the reform of cultural system and the development of cultural industry
- B.Some countries that do not implement the marketization of cultural products do not have the problem of vulgarization of cultural products
- C.The determinants of the marketization of cultural products are the producers, consumers and market managers of cultural products
- D.Producers, consumers and market managers of cultural products are all guided by the marketization of cultural products


Mr. Zhang intends to buy several kinds of flowers, and his intention is as follows: (1) buy at most one kind of rose and tulip; (2) buy at least one kind of peony, rose and daisy; (3) buy at least two kinds of tulips, daisies and lilies; and (4) if you buy tulips, do not buy peonies.

Question: According to the above intention, which of the following items did Mr. Zhang buy?

Choices:
- A.Must have bought lilies
- B.Must have bought at least one kind of tulips and peonies
- C.At least one kind of daisies and roses has been bought
- D.Bought at least three kinds of flowers


Canadian researchers tracked the weight gain of 757 3-to 4-month-old babies for three years. The results showed that children who were already overweight or even obese at the age of 3 had different intestinal flora from those of normal weight. After a further study of the living environment of the babies tested, the researchers found that the babies who grew up in the families with the highest use of disinfectants contained twice as many helicobacteria in their intestines as the average. Spirillaceae bacteria feed on undigested carbohydrate fiber in the human body, which is broken down to provide the body with extra calories. The increase of this kind of bacteria causes the child to produce too much heat in the body and begin to gain weight at an early age.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.It reveals the relationship between household disinfection and infant weight
- B.It points out that it is necessary to control calorie intake in infants and young children
- C.It points out that maintaining the normal intestinal flora is of great significance to health
- D.It shows that carbohydrates are an important source of infancy


Researchers at Temple University in the United States used computers to rank the determinants of future wealth among more than 2500 volunteers. These factors include age, occupation, education, race, gender, height, location, and the ability to delay immediate gratification (self-control). The results show that occupation and education are the most important factors for predicting high income, followed by geographical location and gender, followed by self-control, which is significantly more predictive of income than age, race, height and other factors. Researchers believe that attaching importance to the cultivation of children's self-control will help tap children's potential for making money in the future.

Question: Which of the followings is the most suitable title for this passage?

Choices:
- A.Character determines destiny
- B.People with strong self-control are richer
- C.Wealth begins with children
- D.A magical wealth hunter


After Napoleon's death, his autopsy report showed that Napoleon's official height was 5 feet 2 inches, or about 1.68 meters. It is not tall by current standards, but historians estimate that in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the average height of the French was about 1.66 to 1.67 meters. The idea that Napoleon is a short man has something to do with the international politics between Britain and France. After the rupture of the Peace of Amiens in 1803, the British media wrote Napoleon's height of 5 feet 2 inches in the newspaper and painted it in cartoons, but did not indicate his unit of length. British readers use inches to understand Napoleon's height, which translates to 1.57 meters.

Question: Which of the followings is the main content of this text?

Choices:
- A.It is a pure misunderstanding to say that Napoleon is a short man
- B.In fact, Napoleon is taller than the average French
- C.The British slandered Napoleon as a short man.
- D.It is necessary to look at Napoleon's height from a historical perspective.


People in other parts of the world are also faced with the problems of safety, convenience, diversity and other factors that are difficult to take into account when riding. For this reason, various solutions have been proposed. For example, the ancient Romans raised the saddle at the four corners of the saddle to fix the rider's position on the back of the horse, while the ancient Persians used ropes to fix the rider's legs to the saddle. However, the stirrup with simple structure, convenient production, comprehensive function and safe use obviously solves the pain point more perfectly, is widely welcomed and can quickly replace the original local technology. In the medieval Islamic historical materials, the stirrup is also known as "Chinese shoes", which shows people's recognition of the origin of this invention.

Question: Which of the following options does not match the original text?

Choices:
- A.Stirrup is popular because of its convenience, safety and flexibility.
- B.The stirrup is a technology that spread to the West through the Silk Road.
- C.The ancient Romans and Persians improved the stirrup.
- D.The stirrup was once referred to as "Chinese shoes" in the Islamic region.


When you are full, you will be sleepy, which is called "drunken food" in medicine. After eating food, on the one hand, people have to secrete a large amount of digestive juice, on the other hand, they have to peristalsis of the digestive tract to digest food. These two functions are considered by traditional Chinese medicine to be part of the temper. This process requires blood, oxygen, water and other help to work, resulting in a reduction in the blood supply of other organs, and temporary ischemia in the brain, resulting in drowsiness and feeling sleepy, especially after meals. If he is already short of temper, the cerebral ischemia after meal will be more serious. This condition, if not intervened, can seriously lead to low perfusion stroke or angina pectoris.

Question: Which of the following options does not match the original text?

Choices:
- A.Drunken food  is serious and must not be taken lightly.
- B.Drunken food is a normal physiological reaction.
- C.Drunken food is caused by cerebral ischemia.
- D.People with bad temper have more intense drunken food.


China's special climatic environment has led to the formation of the custom of hot food in China. Hot food can not be touched directly by hand. Cutlery is needed to help you eat. During the warring States period, lacquer ware entered into the food utensils and gradually replaced the bronze ware. When using lacquer ware to carry food, if you use a knife and fork to eat, it will cause a lot of scratches and damage on the surface of the lacquer ware, affecting the beauty of the lacquer ware. Taking advantage of the good elasticity of bamboo, the ancestors of ancient China first made "bamboo clips", accumulated experience in using them, and finally evolved chopsticks.

Question: Which of the followings is not mentioned?

Choices:
- A.Chinese chopsticks evolved from bamboo clips.
- B.The use of chopsticks in the ancients was related to the use of food utensils.
- C.The custom of eating hot food contributed to the emergence of chopsticks.
- D.During the warring States period, people gave up knives and forks to use bamboo chopsticks.


Huishan fine clay figurines, mainly refers to the the hand-pinched drama, more away from the appearance of playing tricks, and become a pure decoration. The fine clay are heavy by hand, and there are about 15 processes, such as mud beating, mud kneading, foot kneading, body kneading, head loading, phase opening, luan loading and so on. Shaping very fine fingers without cracking and breaking depends on the excellent strength and hardness of the black clay in Huishan area. The hand-pinched drama mainly shows the drama scenes of Beijing and Kunming and some images of Buddhism and Taoism, mostly in groups of two or three people. The works offered by Wang Chunlin and Zhou Asheng mentioned above should fall into this category. Due to the accurate proportion of the characters, the typical movements of the characters are grasped when the most wonderful part of the play is grasped, and the painting is vivid and looks forward to life, just like the theatre.

Question: Which of the following options is the content of the Huishan fine clay figurines mentioned above?

Choices:
- A.The relationship of inheritance.
- B.The main use.
- C.The characteristics of the material.
- D.The technological process.


If the known "bright knowledge" (that is, knowledge that can be expressed in words, formulas, programs, and language) is a small corner of the iceberg, then "dark knowledge" (new knowledge that human beings cannot feel and cannot express, that is, a new kind of knowledge that is being "discovered" by new machines today) is the largest piece under the iceberg. Dark knowledge will be the largest amount of knowledge that will dominate and occupy the whole space of knowledge in the future. We need to be prepared. The authority of human knowledge is just beginning to be shaken. In the future, more and more knowledge can be mastered and discovered by machines. Slowly, we may become an island-like existence, inundated by the ocean of dark knowledge.

Question: Which of the followings is intended to describe this passage?

Choices:
- A.Human beings will be isolated by dark knowledge.
- B.Dark knowledge will dominate the field of knowledge in the future.
- C.The authority of human knowledge is gradually losing.
- D.Artificial intelligence is the creator of dark knowledge.


In response to the "drug resistance" problem of artemisinin in some parts of the world in recent years, Tu Youyou and her team have made new breakthroughs in "antimalarial mechanism research", "causes of drug resistance", "adjustment of treatment" and other aspects. Recently, a feasible treatment plan to deal with the problem of "drug resistance of artemisinin" was put forward. New progress has been made in "indications such as artemisinin in the treatment of lupus erythematosus" and "going out of scientific research works in traditional Chinese medicine hospitals", which has been highly recognized by the World Health Organization and domestic authoritative experts.

Question: This is an introduction. Which of the followings is the least likely to be introduced in the next part of the article?

Choices:
- A.A new breakthrough in the research field of drug resistance of artemisinin.
- B.The unique effect of artemisinin in the treatment of lupus erythematosus.
- C.The contribution of scientific research works of traditional Chinese medicine to the world.
- D.The cause of the problem of "drug resistance" of artemisinin.


Cornell University in the United States has studied the tongues of obese and normal mice and found that eating a diet high in fat can reduce the number of taste buds. Taste buds are structures on the tongue, including about 100 cells. After the mice gained weight, the rate of death of mature taste buds became faster, while the growth rate of new cells became slower. The loss of taste buds can lead to dull taste, which makes it difficult for obese people to eat a certain diet, because if they want to taste the same delicacy as normal people with 25% more taste buds than they do, they have to eat heavier food. This means eating more sugar, fat and calories.

Question: Which of the following options is intended to describe this passage?

Choices:
- A.The way that taste bud achieve metabolism.
- B.The influence of taste on the choice of food.
- C.The physiological factors that obese people are more likely to gain weight.
- D.The serious harm of overeating a high-fat diet.


Ding kiln is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty, which is as famous as Ru, Guan, GE and Jun kilns. The kiln is located in Quyang, Hebei Province. Quyang County belonged to Dingzhou in the Song Dynasty, so it was named Ding kiln. Under the influence of Xing kiln, Ding kiln mainly produces white porcelain, but also burns black glaze and green glaze at the same time. The enamel of white porcelain is clear and moist, the color is mild, just like tooth carving, and the recessive is quite good. The decoration is well-known in ancient and modern times for its vivid and powerful carved and printed white porcelain, which is better than Xing kiln. The beautiful and elegant carved white porcelain and magnificent printed white porcelain in the Song and Jin dynasties are the two main varieties of Ding Kiln, representing the typical artistic style of Ding Kiln in its heyday.

Question: Which of the followings does not match the original text?

Choices:
- A.The Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty were the heyday of Ding Kiln.
- B.Engraved and printed white porcelain is the representative work of Ding kiln.
- C.The white porcelain of Ding kiln draws lessons from Xing kiln and exceeds that of Xing kiln.
- D.Beauty, simplicity and elegance are a typical artistic style of Ding kiln.


Researchers in Germany followed 1364 volunteers to see how they allocated their time during the 5456-day survey period. The results showed that overall, participants spent an average of 1 hour and 29 minutes a day doing housework, but those in the highest neurotic group did 24 minutes more than that average; 41 minutes more per day than the most emotionally stable group. The researchers speculate that people with poor emotional stability are more likely to develop anxiety and depression and need a cleaner environment to maintain psychological comfort and sense of security, so they spend more time cleaning.

Question: Which of the following options is inconsistent with the original text?

Choices:
- A.Doing more housework is the mental need of neurotic people.
- B.People who like to do housework have poor emotional stability.
- C.Neurotic people are prone to unstable emotions.
- D.Neurotic people need a cleaner environment.


According to current archaeological reports and a number of archaeological evidence, the earliest domestic sheep in China suddenly appeared in Gansu and Qinghai provinces about 5600-5000 years ago, then spread eastward and entered the Central Plains about 4500 years ago. Sheep bones have been found in many archaeological sites in different areas dating back to 4500-4000 years ago in the Central Plains. From a diachronic point of view, the emergence of sheep in the Central Plains has an obvious development process from scratch, from less to more, while the emergence of ancient Chinese domestic sheep is obviously early in the west and late in the east. There is likely to be a process of spreading eastward from northwest China.

Question: Which of the following options is the main introduction to this passage?

Choices:
- A.The spreading process of domestic sheep in China.
- B.Archaeological discoveries of domestic sheep in the Central Plains.
- C.The source of domestic sheep in the ancient Central Plains.
- D.The influence of geographical environment on the survival of domestic sheep.


More than 400 East Asian languages, including Chinese, Tibetan, Qiang and Burmese, are considered to share a common ancestral language, collectively known as the Sino-Tibetan language family, whose mother tongue is second only to the Indo-European family. For a long time, linguists have long disputed the genetic relationship, the time of differentiation and the place of origin of each language branch within the Sino-Tibetan language family. Recently, the research team of Fudan University announced that, using analytical methods such as linguistics and genetics, they found that the Sino-Tibetan language family originated in northern China in the Neolithic Age and was divided for the first time about 6,000 years ago. The results were recently published online in the British journal Nature in the form of original research papers.

Question: Which of the following options is not likely to be introduced in this passage next?

Choices:
- A.The team's research process and detailed conclusions.
- B.The research paradigm provided by this study.
- C.The evaluation of the results of this research from all walks of life.
- D.The relationship between the Sino-Tibetan language family and the Indo-European language family.


Education fighting for wealth refers to the phenomenon of building luxury schools under the banner of "benefiting children" in the field of education, while neglecting its practicality.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the followings does not involve education fighting for wealth?

Choices:
- A.A middle school built a large square. The buildings in the campus are made of marble, and the classroom is equipped with cable television, radio, simultaneous monitoring and other systems, but these equipment are rarely used in teaching.
- B.A middle school built a large square. The buildings in the campus are made of marble, and the classroom is equipped with cable television, radio, simultaneous monitoring and other systems, but these equipment are rarely used in teaching.
- C.A primary school is equipped with many high-end and advanced teaching facilities, and it is convenient to surf the Internet all over the campus at any time, resulting in many children surfing the Internet immediately after class.
- D.A university built more dormitories for students, spent a lot of money to upgrade the equipment of various laboratories, hired highly paid talents to teach in the university, and a large number of high-end talents came here.


Green consumption refers to the consumption behavior characterized by saving resources and protecting the environment, which is mainly manifested as advocating diligence and thrift, reducing loss and waste, choosing efficient and environmentally friendly products and services and reducing the consumption of resources and the emission of pollution in the process of consumption.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to green consumption?

Choices:
- A.Aunt Liu never uses nickel-cadmium batteries in children's electric toys and prefers to use rechargeable batteries.
- B.Xiao Li pays more attention to hygiene and often chooses disposable chopsticks and paper cups when eating in the canteen.
- C.Lao Wang is fastidious about ingredients and likes natural foods that are simply cooked, but does not like foods that are processed over and over again and with preservatives.
- D.A decoration company should spread the concept of new home decoration, emphasize decorating the room with natural materials, and advocate the renovation and utilization of old furniture.


The method of seeking common ground, also known as contract law, is one of the ways to explore the causal relationship between things. Its basic content is that in several occasions where the studied phenomenon A appears, only one antecedent situation is the same, then the same antecedent situation is the reason for the studied phenomenon A.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the method of seeking common ground?

Choices:
- A.In several cases of divorce, the situation is different, but the breakdown of the relationship between the two parties is the same. It can be seen that the breakdown of the relationship between both parties is an important reason for asking for divorce.
- B.The teeth of residents in some communities are very healthy, and residents also pay attention to the protection of teeth. Through investigation and study, it is found that there is natural fluoride in the water source of these communities, which shows that the fluoride in the water source is the reason why the teeth of the residents in these communities are healthy.
- C.Someone had insomnia for three nights in a row. On the first night, he read for two hours and drank several cups of strong tea. On the second night, he read for two hours and smoked a lot. On the third night, he read for two hours and drank two cups of coffee. It can be seen that drinking strong tea, coffee and smoking are the causes of insomnia.
- D.A pair of twins went to a restaurant and ate the same other food. One ate ice cream and had diarrhea, while the other did not eat ice cream and did not have diarrhea. Therefore, eating ice cream is the cause of diarrhea.


Explicit learning is the learning of intentionally searching or applying rules to the field of stimuli. In the process of explicit learning, people's learning behavior is controlled by consciousness, has a clear purpose, needs to pay attention to resources, and needs to make certain efforts. Implicit learning refers to a kind of subconscious learning without will effort. The characteristic of this kind of learning is that people subconsciously acquire certain knowledge, and without the effort of will, the knowledge can be extracted and applied to the operation of specific tasks.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to explicit learning?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Hong often listens to her sister sing, and after a long time, she has also mastered the skill of singing
- B.Xiao Liu, who grew up in a family of crosstalk, was able to say a few words of crosstalk at an early age.
- C.Xiao Zhou did a lot of English exercises before the high school entrance examination, so he got a full mark in the English exam.
- D.Xiao Fang often accompanies his grandfather to play go, and before he knows it, he can also play go.


The crime of dereliction of duty refers to the behavior that the staff of state organs are seriously irresponsible, fail to perform or incorrectly perform their duties, resulting in heavy losses to public property, the interests of the state and the people.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is the crime of dereliction of duty?

Choices:
- A.The judge was seriously irresponsible in the execution of the judgment and suffered heavy losses to the interests of the parties as a result of his failure to perform his statutory enforcement duties.
- B.When the policeman on duty was chatting with his girlfriend on the phone, he received a report to the police and chatted for 10 minutes before he rushed to the scene. Due to the delay in sending the police, the victim was killed and the gangster fled.
- C.When the prosecutor interrogated the suspect A, A asked to go to the toilet, because the prosecutor illegally opened the equipment and did not follow, so A turned over the window to escape in the toilet.
- D.The person in charge of the infrastructure of the municipal government was cheated out of 3 million yuan after listening to the introduction of a friend and signing a building contract with the other party without examination.


Empathy can be divided into emotional empathy and cognitive empathy. The former is the primary form of empathy, which means "feeling what we feel", that is, our emotions are infected by other people's emotions, such as pain and happiness, while the latter refers to adopting other people's views in our cognition and entering the role of another person. this enables us to understand others, know what they feel, and accurately understand what they think.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to cognitive empathy?

Choices:
- A.Put yourself in other people's shoes.
- B.I am grateful in my heart, as if I felt the favor in person.
- C.We share the same ideal with each other.
- D.I went to that place in person.


Peter's principle, also known as the "upward climbing" principle, is a conclusion drawn by American scholar Lawrence Peter based on the analysis of thousands of incompetent failures in relevant organizations, that is, in various organizations, because they are used to promoting people who are competent at a certain level, employees always tend to be promoted to their incompetent position.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options conforms to Peter's principle?

Choices:
- A.Zhao was recently promoted to department manager because of his strong business ability and outstanding performance.
- B.Zhang, an excellent women's volleyball player, was hired as a coach by the national women's volleyball team after retirement, and his work was highly recognized.
- C.Li was appointed as a middle manager because his father-in-law was a director of the company, but he was unable to do so because he had no relevant experience.
- D.Oakman is an outstanding technician at Lyme Auto repair Company. When the company promoted him to executive director, he was very busy, tired and unfulfilled every day.


False empathy bias, also known as false consistency deviation, means that people often overestimate or exaggerate the universality of their beliefs, judgments and behaviors. When knowing others, they always like to give their own characteristics to others, assuming that they are the same as themselves, and when they encounter conflicting information, they will firmly believe in the correctness of their beliefs and judgments.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not belong to false empathy bias?

Choices:
- A.Xiaoming likes playing online games very much and often skips classes to play games. He thinks that those students who study all day long are unable to play because they want to play closely at home.
- B.Zhang and Li are both young teachers in the College of Humanities. They often discuss academic issues together. They often hold different opinions and think that the other is wrong.
- C.The mother sweated while taking care of the children while doing the housework, so she took off her coat. She was afraid that the child next to her would be hot, so she helped the child take off her clothes, causing the child to catch a cold.
- D.Some college students will hang billboards around the campus to get paid, they think that those who do not agree to hang up are arrogant cowards, while those who do not agree to hang billboards will think that those who agree to hang up are pretending to be crazy and foolish.


Ambiguity is a logical mistake made by the law of the middle of the row in violation of the basic law of ordinary logic. The law of the middle of the row requires that the propositions made by the same object with contradictory relations or lower opposition relations cannot be denied at the same time and in the same relationship. If we deny them all, we will make the mistake of "ambiguity".

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options makes the mistake of "ambiguity"?

Choices:
- A.It's not that someone went to the exam, and it's not that no one went to the exam.
- B.You can't believe what anyone says, and you can't believe what anyone says.
- C.Not everyone watches live TV, and not everyone doesn't watch live TV.
- D.When discussing whether A is guilty or not, at first someone said: "A cannot be said to be guilty." with the deepening of the investigation, some people said: "A cannot be said to be not guilty."


Division is a logical method of dividing the objects reflected by a concept into several small categories to confirm the extension of the concept, or it can be said to be a logical method of dividing an extended generic concept into several juxtaposed species concepts. Decomposition is to divide an object into several parts in thinking, and there is not a species relationship between the concept that reflects the part and the concept that reflects the whole.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options is correctly divided?

Choices:
- A.The definition is divided into defined items, defined items and defined joint items.
- B.Hohhot is divided into Xincheng District, Huimin District, Saihan District and Yuquan District.
- C.Celestial bodies in the universe can be divided into natural and man-made celestial bodies.
- D.The penalty is divided into principal punishment, deprivation of political rights, confiscation of property, etc.


According to the data of the National Health Commission, about 1/3 of primary and secondary school students spend less than an hour a day exercising outdoors, and more than 70 percent of primary and secondary school students do not get enough sleep. At the same time, stress also has an impact on the health of teenagers, and the rate of myopia is on the rise, mainly because homework takes too long. For this reason, some education departments believe that a good night's sleep may be more important for children. With the consent of the parents, the child may not do the unfinished homework after the specified sleep time. But parents are not happy because they worry that their children will eventually have to go to low-quality schools.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, is most helpful to explain parents' concerns?

Choices:
- A.Although the new rules may reduce the burden of students' homework, under the current rules, universities choose students according to the results of the college entrance examination.
- B.Artificial intelligence-assisted teaching will be carried out in the future, and the time students will spend on homework will be greatly reduced.
- C.Some studies have proved that a good sleep can improve learning efficiency and help to improve academic performance.
- D.The admission mechanism of colleges and universities will be reformed. While paying attention to students' achievements, they will also pay more attention to their comprehensive quality.


In recent years, "slash youth" has become the fashion pursuit of many people. It refers to a group of people who are no longer satisfied with a "single career" way of life, but choose to have multiple occupations and identities. In this regard, some people think that with the continuous change of new industries, new technologies and new business type, and fierce competition, young people are constantly engaged in self-renewal. "We have begun to enter a fast-changing society of 'elimination without slash'. However, some opponents have pointed out that society can give more understanding and support to" slash youth ", but it cannot become the blind pursuit of the majority.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best support the views of the above opponents?

Choices:
- A."Slash youth" itself gives people a feeling of being unreliable, and is not worth advocating.
- B.One's energy is limited all his life. If you learn this today and do that tomorrow, you can't do any of them well in the end, so you have to focus on it.
- C.The life style of "slash youth" needs to be supported by strength. In fact, they are a group of people who have strong self-control, have experienced long-term self-investment and accumulation, and have some kind of core competitiveness.
- D.Slashes have nothing to do with age, and the more mature people are, the more likely they are to become slashes, because time and experience make people know more about themselves and have enough time to devote themselves to things they like.


The competition between electric vehicles and internal combustion vehicles has a history of more than one hundred years. For a long time, the development of internal combustion vehicles has been outstanding and has made great progress. In recent years, with the development of battery technology, electric vehicles have occupied many fields, such as bicycles, motorcycles, small transport vehicles, large urban buses, airport and port ferries and so on. As a result, it has been proposed that the time for electric vehicles to completely replace internal combustion vehicles is coming, and even some countries and places have proposed a timetable for banning the sale of fuel cars. But some opponents say that internal combustion vehicles and electric vehicles will continue to move in the opposite direction for quite a long time in the future.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best support the opponents of the above point of view?

Choices:
- A.After more than one hundred years of development, internal combustion vehicles have become very mature.
- B.The disposal of waste batteries and the application of special materials in batteries may bring some social problems.
- C.Some experts pointed out that from the life cycle of pure electric vehicles, emissions of the carbon dioxide  may not be less than gasoline vehicles.
- D.The three major anxieties in the development of electric vehicles are mileage anxiety, charging anxiety and battery anxiety, which shows that the technology of power battery is far from mature and there is still a long way to go.


In recent years, stressed urban residents have been looking for safe havens in green spaces. Because it turns out that green space has a positive effect on physical and mental health, which is often used as an argument for building more urban parks and opening up more woodland. The benefits of "blue space"-oceans, rivers, lakes, waterfalls and even fountains-are less well known. For at least 10 years, however, scientists have always believed that proximity to water is good for both body and mind.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, does not support the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The study found that people who went to the seaside at least twice a week had better mental health.
- B.Studies have shown that staying in an urban environment makes people more likely to feel tired and depressed.
- C.The aquatic environment has unique and favorable environmental factors, such as less air pollution and more sunshine. People living near the water tend to participate more actively in physical exercise, such as water sports and walking, and it also has the role of psychological rehabilitation.
- D.Studies have shown that staying in or near an aquatic environment can stimulate positive emotions and reduce negative emotions and stress compared with green spaces.


Scientists have been arguing about who was the ancestor of birds for a long time. There are mainly three theories about the origin of birds: the origin of slotted teeth, the origin of dinosaurs and the sister group of crocodiles, among which the origin of slotted teeth and the origin of dinosaurs have been hotly debated recently. The newly discovered fossils in recent years, especially a series of fossils found in western Liaoning, China, have once again stirred up the debate about the origin of birds, proving that birds are really descendants of dinosaurs.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.In the dinosaur family, some dinosaurs had not only feathers but also wings.
- B.The original bird found in North America was tens of millions of years earlier than Sinosauropteryx and Archaeopteryx. If the original bird was indeed a bird, the bird appeared almost at the same time as the dinosaur.
- C.Using an electron microscope, scientists found a melanosome in dinosaur fossils, which is also found in bird feathers, which is a continuation of dinosaur genes.
- D.Some studies have suggested that Sinosauropteryx is a dinosaur with "feathered" theropods, which is similar to Megatosaurus, but its feathers are different from those of real birds.


"Naked marriage" refers to a simple way of getting married without holding a wedding or even without a wedding ring. Due to the pressure of life and modern people's increasing emphasis on the freedom and independence of marriage, the importance of weddings is increasingly weakened in the marriage of the younger generation.The prevalence of naked marriage has aroused widespread concern and heated discussion in the society. Some sociologists believe that the practice that young people take the initiative to choose naked marriage should be vigorously advocated. It is not only a way of marriage that has broken the shackles of feudal ideas for thousands of years, but also a manifestation of the progress of value orientation.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best question the above point of view?

Choices:
- A.According to the results of a survey on the attitude towards naked marriage, 8% of people said they would choose naked marriage because of limited conditions, and 80% admitted that naked marriage is very risky.
- B.The emergence of naked marriage is a negation of the traditional conditions for choosing a mate and the standard of marriage of "having a house, a car and a diamond ring", but as a new thing, there may be a lot of resistance in the development.
- C.According to an online survey, about 60% of young people are in favor of naked marriage. They believe that "love should abandon the secularity of money, and true love is the most important thing."
- D.On the one hand, naked marriage reflects the change of modern society's understanding of marriage, on the other hand, it also reflects the change of material concept in modern society.


China's compulsory traffic insurance officially broke out in July 2006 and began to be widely implemented in July 2007. As the first statutory compulsory insurance, the overall requirement of the operation of compulsory traffic insurance is to break even. In fact, since its inception in 2007, except for a profit of 760 million yuan in 2008, there have been losses in other years. The cumulative underwriting profit of compulsory traffic insurance is-50.8 billion yuan, and the underwriting profit margin is-3.7%. It was not until 2018 that the 12-and-a-half-year loss situation was reversed. But of the 66 companies that operate compulsory insurance, 40 are profitable and 26 are still losing money. For some insurance companies, compulsory traffic insurance  is a business that not only does not make money, but also loses money for many years, but always insists on not giving up.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, is most helpful to explain the behavior of these insurance companies?

Choices:
- A.At present, most companies have made a profit, and I believe that their own companies will also make a profit on this type of insurance in the future.
- B.Compulsory traffic insurance is commonweal, extensive and compulsory. Insurance companies must underwrite insurance and cannot refuse insurance.
- C.Although there are many vehicles in the compulsory insurance compensation, the amount of compensation is far more than the amount paid by the car owner when paying the compulsory insurance, but there are also a lot of vehicle insurance is not used to pay compensation.
- D.Usually, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble in the future, car owners will not cover compulsory insurance and commercial car insurance separately, and commercial insurance is very profitable.


A recent study proves the relationship between learning and sleep. The researchers published their findings in Learning Science, a collaborative journal of Nature, pointing out the quality and time of sleep and the persistence of sleep habits are positively correlated with academic performance. Adequate sleep is more beneficial to students' study.

Question: Which of the following options is not the logical inference of the above assertion?

Choices:
- A.Students who get enough sleep, get up early and go to bed early and have regular work and rest generally have good grades.
- B.The vast majority of high school students are faced with the disturbance of lack of sleep, in order to study, many of them will choose the time of the recess or PE class to "make up for sleep".
- C.Sleep time is not enough, and it is impossible to make up, you can work on the quality of sleep and sleep habits.
- D.Go to bed at a fixed time, get up, and form a fixed schedule, which can make up for the impact of short sleep time to a large extent.


A: at present, human beings do not have a high level of understanding of geoscience, and on the whole, they cannot fully understand the mechanism of earthquakes from gestation to occurrence and the law of distribution of the time and space , so so far, human beings have not been able to predict earthquakes. B: I don't agree with you. According to reports of the authoritative media , China has established an ICL earthquake early warning system. Since its establishment, the system has successfully warned dozens of destructive earthquakes without misreporting.

Question: Which of the following options is correct for B's rebuttal?

Choices:
- A.The refutation is powerful, citing authoritative information to prove your point.
- B.The refutation is powerful, putting forward a stronger evidence than the other side to support one's own point of view.
- C.The refutation is weak and does not agree with the other party on the key concepts of the refutation.
- D.The refutation is weak and there are errors in the citation of key information.


As long as we have characteristic and advantageous disciplines and first-class teachers, we will be able to enter the list of "double-first-class" construction. Only by comprehensively promoting the development of the connotation of colleges and universities, can we have characteristic and advantageous disciplines and first-class teachers. M University did not enter the list of "double first-class" construction.

Question: If the above assertion is true, which of the following options may also be true? I. M University has no distinctive and advantageous disciplines and the faculty is not first-class. Ⅱ.M University has not comprehensively promoted the development of the connotation of university.Ⅲ.M University has promoted the development of the connotation of university in an all-round way.

Choices:
- A.Only Ⅰ.
- B.Only Ⅱ.
- C.Only Ⅲ.
- D.Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.


If a person does not have a goal to strive for, he will not work very hard; if he does not work very hard, he will gradually get depressed and make a mess of his life. Xiao Chen, who has just graduated from college, works very hard, so he must be able to realize his self-worth.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, best supports the above argument?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Chen won't make a mess of his life.
- B.If a person loses his goal, he will gradually get depressed.
- C.As long as you have a goal to strive for, you can certainly realize your self-worth.
- D.The realization of self-worth is inseparable from a good environment and personal efforts.


At the student sports competition in a certain city, the champions of the 100-meter sprint for both men and women came from the sports class of the No. 1 Middle School, not the Municipal Sports School. Many parents are saying: "The No. 1 Middle School has better training than the Municipal Sports School.

Question: Which of the following options can best refute the parents' conclusions?

Choices:
- A.The number of champions of No. 1 Middle School in this game is much less than that of Municipal Sports School.
- B.Whether there is a sprint champion or not is not the only criterion to measure the quality of school training.
- C.Because the teachers in No.1 Middle School are well paid, many teachers leave the Municipal Sports School to go to No.1 Middle School.
- D.All the students in No. 1 Middle School are in accommodation, so they spend more time in school training than Municipal Sports School.


According to a working group of experts from Chinese and US government agencies, the trade deficit with China, as measured by US officials, is overestimated. What is even more unconvincing is that the trade data cited by the United States Government only include trade in goods and do not reflect trade in services. If taken into account, the so-called "trade imbalance theory" is even more untenable.

Question: Which of the following options is the hypothesis established by the above conclusion?

Choices:
- A.The United States has a huge trade deficit in services with China.
- B.The United States has a high trade surplus in services with China.
- C.The United States has purchased a lot of industrial products from China.
- D.The United States has purchased a lot of labor services in China.


The last two sentences of Li Bai's "Singing on the river" said: "Fame and wealth exist for a long time, and the Han Water should also flow to the northwest." The Han Water, also known as the Han River, originated in Ningqiang County, Shaanxi Province, flowing southeast through Xiangyang, Hubei Province, to Hankou and into the Yangtze River.

Question: According to the above information, which of the following options is most in line with Li Bai's point of view?

Choices:
- A.Fame and wealth can exist for a long time, but the Han River should not flow to the northwest.
- B.If fame and wealth  not exist for a long time, the Han River should not flow to the northwest.
- C.Fame and wealth cannot always be there.
- D.If the Han River can flow to the northwest, then fame and wealth will always be there.


At the beginning of 2019, a unit recruited eight R & D personnel, all of whom are very excellent. Among them, Xiao Li, Xiao Kong and Xiao Chen, the R & D team of these three people is particularly outstanding. The atmosphere of the team is excellent. Xiao Chen, the team leader, is very concerned about Xiao Li and Xiao Kong, while Xiao Li admires Xiao Kong very much, and Xiao Kong admires Xiao Chen very much. At the end of the year, Xiao Chen got four invention patents and Xiao Li got five invention patents.

Question: Based on the above information, which of the following options can be inferred?

Choices:
- A.At the beginning of 2019, a unit recruited eight R & D personnel, all of whom are very excellent. Among them, Xiao Li, Xiao Kong and Xiao Chen, the R & D team of these three people is particularly outstanding. The atmosphere of the team is excellent. Xiao Chen, the team leader, is very concerned about Xiao Li and Xiao Kong, while Xiao Li admires Xiao Kong very much, and Xiao Kong admires Xiao Chen very much. At the end of the year, Xiao Chen got four invention patents and Xiao Li got five invention patents.
- B.Team leader Xiao Chen won the most invention patents.
- C.Xiao Li's invention patent is not as many as Xiao Kong.
- D.Some people get more invention patents than those they admire.


Different from water and air pollution, the concealment of soil pollution is strong. The soil remediation technology that can be used in developed countries may not be applicable in our country. At present, soil in situ remediation technology based on extracellular respiration of microorganisms has become a new force in soil bioremediation technology in South China. Compared with physical and chemical repair, this repair method has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, non-destructive, wide application and so on.

Question: Which of the following options is the basis of the above argument?

Choices:
- A.The soil of developed countries is very different from that of China, and it is not suitable for soil in situ remediation technology.
- B.Soil in situ remediation technology is superior to physical and chemical remediation.
- C.The soil in remediation technology is developed on the basis of the characteristic soil conditions in South China.
- D.Physical and chemical remediation is mainly used in soil remediation in developed countries.


Put 6 boxes of tea into eight boxes of A, B, C, D, E, F, G and E, four of which have tea. It is known that: (1) there are five boxes of tea in the four boxes A, B, C and D; (2) there are three boxes of tea in the three boxes D,E,F; (3) there are two boxes of tea in the two boxes B,D.

Question: Based on the above information, which of the followings can be inferred?

Choices:
- A.There is at least 1 box in box A .
- B.There are at least 2 boxes in box B.
- C.There are at least 2 boxes in box F.
- D.There is at least 1 box in the box E.


Zhao, Qian, Sun, Li, Zhou and Wu are going to form a team to participate in the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition. The competition stipulates that a team must be composed of three players. "Qian and Li certainly cannot form a team," Zhao said. " Qian said, "I will be on the team where Sun is." Sun said, "I'm not on the same team with Zhao and Li." Li said, "I am on the same team as Qian and Sun." "Zhao and I can't be on the same team," Zhou said. " "Zhou and I are not on the same team," Wu said. "

Question: If five out of six people are true, which of the following options is true?

Choices:
- A.Zhao, Qian and Sun are on the same team.
- B.Qian, Sun and Zhou are on the same team.
- C.Qian, Sun and Wu are on the same team.
- D.Zhao, Sun and Li are on the same team.


Before the implementation of a program to improve test scores, the responsible teacher counted the average daily time spent online by underperforming students participating in the program. He reworked out the students' study plans, asked them to spend less time online every day, and predicted the possible improvement in test scores of students who complied with their requirements. However, the final results of the evaluation of the test results show that the improvement of these students' scores has not reached the expected level.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best explain the above phenomenon?

Choices:
- A.On the eve of the end of the program, many students who participated in the program took the initiative to reduce more online time than their teachers required.
- B.According to the redesigned study plan, all after-school assignments need to be completed and submitted through the online learning platform.
- C.The reduction in the amount of time spent on the Internet each day by the students participating in the program will not affect their completion of the new study plan.
- D.The responsible teacher successfully predicted the increase in the performance of the students who participated in the program to improve the performance of other exams.


In a double-blind experiment on the efficacy of a medicine for a disease, a research group divided the subjects into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The severity rate of both groups was about 20%, which was similar to the overall severity rate of the disease in the same period. The experimental results showed that 7 of the 18 cases in the control group died, with a fatality rate of 39%, and 3 of the 34 cases in the experimental group died, with a fatality rate of only 8.8%. Therefore, the research group thinks that the drug has obvious curative effect on this disease.

Question: Which of the following options, if true, can best question the conclusion of the research group?

Choices:
- A.The composition of the drug has not been fully disclosed.
- B.The overall mortality rate of the disease during the same period was 4.7%.
- C.The overall mortality rate of the disease during the same period was 4.7%.
- D.In the ancient medical books, it has recorded the formula of the drug.


A certain unit has enrolled 8 fresh graduates this year, of which A and B are liberal arts students, C, D and E are science students, and F, G and H are engineering students. Among the 8 people, A, C and F are ladies. The unit intends to select five people to form a research and development team, in which there should be at least one liberal arts student, one science student and one engineering student, and at least one woman should participate in the team. In addition, the following conditions should be met: (1) at most one person will participate in C and G; (2) if B attends, D will also participate; (3) both E and H will either participate or not.

Question: Which of the following options meets the above requirements for the R & D team?

Choices:
- A.A,C,D,F,G.
- B.A,D,E,F,H.
- C.B,C,E,F,H.
- D.B,D,E,F,G.


Question: If A does not participate, which of the following options may be true?

Choices:
- A.Only E participated in the science students.
- B.Only F participated in the engineering students.
- C.All three science students attended.
- D.All three engineering students attended.


The online world is supposed to be very active during this unusual Spring Festival holiday. A sudden epidemic has forced many people to stay at home and pass the time by surfing the Internet. However, although many young people have previously regarded the "home" life as an ideal state. But when "Weibo browsing to the brain pain" and "chasing the drama to the boredom", people found that this kind of home life is not so full and comfortable. At the same time, there are endless feelings about emptiness and boredom. Can the interaction of the network really alleviate people's loneliness? Through the Internet, we seem to be connected, but in fact we live in our own "bubble" and fall into a new state of loneliness, such as the anxiety about interpersonal relationships, the vagueness of the transformation of identity online and offline, the tension of a new time and space, and so on.

Question: Which of the following options is explained above?

Choices:
- A.The online world has become extremely active during this Spring Festival holiday.
- B.The home life of the Internet is not so full and comfortable.
- C.The interaction of the Internet can not really alleviate people's loneliness.
- D.In the Internet, we fall into a new state of loneliness.


The porridge effect is a metaphor made by the philosopher Rawls when discussing social wealth in the Theory of Justice, which shows that as long as the system is based on mistrust of everyone, a reasonable and regulatory system can be derived. This kind of system should not only be scientific, but also its formulation must be based, simple and clear, targeted, operable and easy to implement.

Question: According to the above definition, assuming that "M" is a small benefit for a team, which of the following options best reflects that definition?

Choices:
- A.Through the election, the virtuous Xiao Li presided over the distribution of "M", which was basically fair and just.
- B.Draw up one person to be responsible for dividing the "M" , and set up a board of directors to deal with problems in a timely manner.
- C.Elected committees and supervisory committees for the distribution of "M" for effective implementation and supervision.
- D.Participants take turns to distribute "M" on duty, but the person who presides over the distribution of "M" must receive it at the end of each time.


The theory of mime means that the mutual behavior between people in social life is a kind of performance to some extent. Everyone, like an actor, performs to the audience on the stage according to the requirements of a certain role in a certain scene. In the whole process of performance, people always try to make their behavior closer to the role they want to present to the audience, and the audience sees the role rather than the actor itself. When the performance is over and the actor returns backstage, his true face is revealed, and the actor returns to his original self.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options does not prove the theory of mime?

Choices:
- A.Xiao Li came to talk to Xiao Ming about his homework. Instead of opening the door immediately, Xiao Ming hid his smelly socks under the bed.
- B.In the story of "the King's New clothes", the subjects praised the splendor and beauty of the new clothes during the parade.
- C.Xiao Wei was short of money but worked hard, so the boss quietly drove a limousine to pick up his parents at the airport.
- D.Through stealing pictures and stitching, Xiao Fei sends photos of eating good food, fitness and games on Wechat moments every day.


Cultural misappropriation refers to the phenomenon of borrowing cultural resources that do not belong to local or other ethnic groups, so as to have an impact on local culture and create new cultural products.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to cultural misappropriation?

Choices:
- A.The cultural works designed and produced by a Miao folk craft organization with Miao embroidery elements such as stained glass and batik cloth are best-selling all over the country.
- B.A French girl danced in an elegant and chic Indian traditional costume sari at the prom to feast everyone's eyes.
- C.A university in a Dutch community offers a course of Chinese Taijiquan for students to enhance their awareness of fitness, which is generally welcomed by students.
- D.Window of the World shows that many famous landscapes and buildings in the world have become landmarks of clocking in in Shenzhen and are popular tourist attractions there.


The integration of production and city means the integrated development of industrial parks and cities, which is based on the city, carries industrial space and develops industrial economy, takes industry as the guarantee, drives urban renewal and improvement of services, and further enhances the value of land. in order to achieve the model of dynamic and sustainable development among industry, city and people. It is generally composed of four stages, from "production agglomeration" to "industry-led", and then to "industrial improvement", and finally complete the "integration of production and city". Its core is to promote the integration of housing and employment, that is, the matching of the structure of residents and employed people.

Question: According to the above definition, which of the following options belongs to the integration of production and city?

Choices:
- A.In order to avoid pollution affecting the lives of residents, a city moved the pharmaceutical factory to a new industrial park on the outskirts of the city.
- B.A city has issued relevant policies to attract college graduates to start businesses and employment in the newly built industrial park.
- C.A city plans to build an electronics industrial park in the suburbs by using the network to attract investment.
- D.A city has developed a lot of new buildings with complete supporting facilities in the area around the mature industrial park.