README.md

---
language:
- en
- es
license: mit
task_categories:
- token-classification
- image-to-text
dataset_info:
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configs:
- config_name: en-digital-line-degradation-seq
  data_files:
  - split: train
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    path: en-digital-line-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: en-digital-line-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-digital-line-degradation-token-class
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- config_name: en-digital-noisy-degradation-seq
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    path: en-digital-noisy-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-digital-paragraph-degradation-seq
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    path: en-digital-paragraph-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: en-digital-paragraph-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-digital-seq
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    path: en-digital-seq/test-*
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    path: en-digital-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-digital-token-class
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    path: en-digital-token-class/train-*
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    path: en-digital-token-class/test-*
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- config_name: en-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq
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    path: en-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: en-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-render-seq
  data_files:
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    path: en-render-seq/train-*
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    path: en-render-seq/test-*
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    path: en-render-seq/validation-*
- config_name: en-render-token-class
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    path: en-render-token-class/train-*
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    path: en-render-token-class/test-*
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    path: en-render-token-class/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-id-pictures-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-id-pictures-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-id-pictures-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-id-pictures-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-line-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-line-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-line-degradation-seq/test-*
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- config_name: es-digital-noisy-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-noisy-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-noisy-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-paragraph-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-paragraph-degradation-seq/train-*
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- config_name: es-digital-rotation-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-rotation-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-rotation-degradation-seq/test-*
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- config_name: es-digital-rotation-zoom-degradation-seq
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    path: es-digital-rotation-zoom-degradation-seq/train-*
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- config_name: es-digital-seq
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    path: es-digital-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-token-class
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    path: es-digital-token-class/train-*
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    path: es-digital-token-class/test-*
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    path: es-digital-token-class/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-water-mark-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-0.25-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.25-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.25-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.25-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-0.5-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.5-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.5-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.5-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-0.625-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.625-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.625-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.625-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-0.7-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.7-degradation-seq/train-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.7-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.7-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-0.75-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.75-degradation-seq/train-*
  - split: test
    path: es-digital-zoom-0.75-degradation-seq/test-*
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    path: es-digital-zoom-0.75-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-digital-zoom-degradation-seq
  data_files:
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    path: es-digital-zoom-degradation-seq/train-*
  - split: test
    path: es-digital-zoom-degradation-seq/test-*
  - split: validation
    path: es-digital-zoom-degradation-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-render-seq
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: es-render-seq/train-*
  - split: test
    path: es-render-seq/test-*
  - split: validation
    path: es-render-seq/validation-*
- config_name: es-render-token-class
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: es-render-token-class/train-*
  - split: test
    path: es-render-token-class/test-*
  - split: validation
    path: es-render-token-class/validation-*
tags:
- synthetic
---


<p align="center" style="margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 50px;">
  <img src="figs/merit-dataset.png" alt="Visual Abstract" width="500" />
</p>

# The MERIT Dataset 🎒📃🏆

The MERIT Dataset is a multimodal dataset (image + text + layout) designed for training and benchmarking Large Language Models (LLMs) on Visually Rich Document Understanding (VrDU) tasks. It is a fully labeled synthetic dataset generated using our opensource pipeline available on [GitHub](https://github.com/nachoDRT/MERIT-Dataset). You can explore more details about the dataset and pipeline reading our [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.00447).

## Introduction ℹ️
AI faces some dynamic and technical issues that push end-users to create and gather their own data. In addition, multimodal LLMs are gaining more and more attention, but datasets to train them might be improved to be more complex, more flexible, and easier to gather/generate.

In this research project, we identify school transcripts of records as a suitable niche to generate a synthetic challenging multimodal dataset (image + text + layout) for Token Classification or Sequence Generation.

<p align="center" style="margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 50px;">
  <img src="figs/demo-samples.gif" alt="demo" width="200" />
</p>


## Hardware ⚙️
We ran the dataset generator on an MSI Meg Infinite X 10SF-666EU with an Intel Core i9-10900KF and an Nvidia RTX 2080 GPU, running on Ubuntu 20.04. Energy values in the table refer to 1k samples, and time values refer to one sample.

| Task                         | Energy (kWh) | Time (s) |
|------------------------------|--------------|----------|
| Generate digital samples     | 0.016        | 2        |
| Modify samples in Blender    | 0.366        | 34       |


## Benchmark 💪

We train the LayoutLM family models on Token Classification to demonstrate the suitability of our dataset. The MERIT Dataset poses a challenging scenario with more than 400 labels.

We benchmark on three scenarios with an increasing presence of Blender-modified samples.

+ Scenario 1: We train and test on digital samples.
+ Scenario 2: We train with digital samples and test with Blender-modified samples.
+ Scenario 3: We train and test with Blender-modified samples.



|                  | **Scenario 1** | **Scenario 2** | **Scenario 3** | **FUNSD/** | **Lang.** | **(Tr./Val./Test)** |
|------------------|----------------|----------------|----------------|------------|-----------|----------------------|
|                  | Dig./Dig.      | Dig./Mod.      | Mod./Mod       | XFUND      |           |                      |
|                  | F1         | F1         | F1         | F1     |           |                      |
| **LayoutLMv2**       | 0.5536         | 0.3764         | 0.4984         | 0.8276     | Eng.      | 7324 / 1831 / 4349       |
| **LayoutLMv3**       | 0.3452         | 0.2681         | 0.6370         | 0.9029     | Eng.      | 7324 / 1831 / 4349       |
| **LayoutXLM**        | 0.5977         | 0.3295         | 0.4489         | 0.7550     | Spa.      | 8115 / 2028 / 4426       |

## Citation

If you find our research interesting, please cite our work. 📄✏️

```bibtex
@article{de2025merit,
  title={The MERIT dataset: Modelling and efficiently rendering interpretable transcripts},
  author={De Rodrigo, Ignacio and Sanchez-Cuadrado, Alberto and Boal, Jaime and Lopez-Lopez, Alvaro J},
  journal={Pattern Recognition},
  pages={112502},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}
```

## Annex
The MERIT Dataset has also been used to fine-tune models and develop the VERSE Methodology. Learn more by reading [VERSE: Visual Embedding Reduction and Space Exploration. Clustering-Guided Insights for Training Data Enhancement in Visually-Rich Document Understanding the 
VERSE ](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.05125)