id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 442
values | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 270 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
570806c390286e26004fc97e | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to ... | What are the seven great prophets known as? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Nātıq"
]
} |
570806c390286e26004fc97f | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to ... | What are the seven great prophets supposed to do? | {
"answer_start": [
101
],
"text": [
"disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam"
]
} |
570806c390286e26004fc980 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to Ismā‘īlīsm, Allah has sent "seven" great prophets known as “Nātıq” (Spoken) in order to disseminate and improve his Dīn of Islam. All of these great prophets has also one assistant known as “Sāmad (Silent) Imām”. At the end of each seven “Sāmad” silsila, one great “Nātıq” (Spoken) has ben sent in order to ... | What is the great prophets assistant called? | {
"answer_start": [
204
],
"text": [
"Sāmad (Silent) Imām"
]
} |
5708077a9e06ca38007e9511 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | In Shia tariqah, what are the Twelvers commonly known as? | {
"answer_start": [
89
],
"text": [
"the \"Shia\""
]
} |
5708077a9e06ca38007e9512 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | What are the Nizari Ismailis more commonly known as? | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"Ismailis"
]
} |
5708077a9e06ca38007e9513 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | What are the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as? | {
"answer_start": [
229
],
"text": [
"Bohras"
]
} |
5708077a9e06ca38007e9514 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | Which tariqah no longer exists? | {
"answer_start": [
485
],
"text": [
"The Shia Sevener"
]
} |
5708077a9e06ca38007e9515 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Shia tariqah with a majority of adherents are the Twelvers who are commonly known as the "Shia". After that come the Nizari Ismailis commonly known as the Ismailis; and then come the Mustalian Ismailis commonly known as the "Bohras" with further schisms within their Bohri tariqah. The Druze tariqah (very small in n... | Which tariah is known as the Fivers? | {
"answer_start": [
557
],
"text": [
"Zaidi Shias"
]
} |
5708085c9e06ca38007e951b | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | How did al-Mahdi maintain contact during his Occultation? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"via deputies"
]
} |
5708085c9e06ca38007e951c | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | How did deputies represent al-Mahdi? | {
"answer_start": [
205
],
"text": [
"acted as agents between him and his followers"
]
} |
5708085c9e06ca38007e951d | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | What would believers do when they had a problem? | {
"answer_start": [
303
],
"text": [
"write their concerns and send them to his deputy"
]
} |
5708085c9e06ca38007e951e | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | What would the deputy endorse the concerns with? | {
"answer_start": [
413
],
"text": [
"seal and signature"
]
} |
5708085c9e06ca38007e951f | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | During the Minor Occultation (Ghaybat al-Sughrá), it is believed that al-Mahdi maintained contact with his followers via deputies (Arab. an-nuwāb al-arbaʻa or "the Four Leaders"). They represented him and acted as agents between him and his followers. Whenever the believers faced a problem, they would write their conce... | What did the deputies collect in the Imam's behalf? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"zakat and khums"
]
} |
57080a949928a814004714b4 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die befor... | How do Ismailis differ from Twelvers? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"living imams"
]
} |
57080a949928a814004714b5 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die befor... | Who is the elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim? | {
"answer_start": [
143
],
"text": [
"Isma'il ibn Jafar"
]
} |
57080a949928a814004714b6 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die befor... | Who is the father of Isma'il ibn Jafar? | {
"answer_start": [
233
],
"text": [
"Ja'far al-Sadiq"
]
} |
57080a949928a814004714b7 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The Ismailis differ from Twelvers because they had living imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment. They followed Isma'il ibn Jafar, elder brother of Musa al-Kadhim, as the rightful Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq. The Ismailis believe that whether Imam Ismail did or did not die befor... | What did Imam Ismail pass on to his son? | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"text": [
"mantle of the imamate"
]
} |
57080bf29928a814004714bc | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | What are the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims also known as? | {
"answer_start": [
73
],
"text": [
"Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra"
]
} |
57080bf29928a814004714bd | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | What do Bohras believe happened to Taiyab abi al-qasim? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"went into a Dawr-e-Satr"
]
} |
57080bf29928a814004714be | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | Who are the Bohras led by in the absence of an imam? | {
"answer_start": [
316
],
"text": [
"Dai-al-Mutlaq"
]
} |
57080bf29928a814004714bf | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | What does a Dai-al-Mutlaq do? | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"text": [
"manages the affairs of the Imam"
]
} |
57080bf29928a814004714c0 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | The line of imams of the Mustali Ismaili Shia Muslims (also known as the Bohras/Dawoodi Bohra) continued up to Aamir ibn Mustali. After his death, they believe their 21st Imam Taiyab abi al-Qasim went into a Dawr-e-Satr (period of concealment) that continues to this day. In the absence of an imam they are led by a Dai-... | Who is Dawoodi Bohra's present 53rd Da'i al-Butlaq? | {
"answer_start": [
512
],
"text": [
"Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin"
]
} |
57080cbb9928a814004714c6 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirm... | Who do Muslims believe said "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla? | {
"answer_start": [
25
],
"text": [
"Muhammad"
]
} |
57080cbb9928a814004714c7 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirm... | How many books can this quote be found? | {
"answer_start": [
180
],
"text": [
"45"
]
} |
57080cbb9928a814004714c8 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirm... | What is the point of conflict between Sunni and Shia? | {
"answer_start": [
486
],
"text": [
"the word 'Mawla'"
]
} |
57080cbb9928a814004714c9 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirm... | What does the work Mawla mean to Sunnies? | {
"answer_start": [
1302
],
"text": [
"beloved"
]
} |
57080cbb9928a814004714ca | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | All Muslims believe that Muhammad had said: "To whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is his Mawla." This hadith has been narrated in different ways by many different sources in no less than 45 hadith books[citation needed] of both Sunni and Shia collections. This hadith has also been narrated by the collector of hadiths, al-Tirm... | What does the word Mawla mean to Shia? | {
"answer_start": [
533
],
"text": [
"Lord and Master"
]
} |
57080ed1efce8f15003a7d90 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | By what Quran verse to Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position? | {
"answer_start": [
20
],
"text": [
"2:124"
]
} |
57080ed1efce8f15003a7d91 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | What does the Quran verse 17:71 say? | {
"answer_start": [
234
],
"text": [
"no age can be without an Imam"
]
} |
57080ed1efce8f15003a7d92 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | Imamah is a position appointed by who? | {
"answer_start": [
343
],
"text": [
"God"
]
} |
57080ed1efce8f15003a7d93 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | What is an Imam protected by? | {
"answer_start": [
401
],
"text": [
"divine protection"
]
} |
57080ed1efce8f15003a7d94 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | By the verse Quran, 2:124, Shias believe that Imamah is a divine position always Imamah is accompanied by the word guidance, of course a guidance by God's Command.A kind of guidance which brings humanity to the goal. Regarding 17:71, no age can be without an Imam. So, according to the upper verse 1.Imamah is a position... | Who knows everything that is needed to get to the truth and goal? | {
"answer_start": [
499
],
"text": [
"Imam"
]
} |
57080f77efce8f15003a7d9a | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.The belief in this succession to Muḥammad stems from various Qurani... | Who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Ali? | {
"answer_start": [
196
],
"text": [
"Hussayn ibn 'Alī"
]
} |
57080f77efce8f15003a7d9b | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.The belief in this succession to Muḥammad stems from various Qurani... | Usually, how has each Imam been related to the previous Imam? | {
"answer_start": [
160
],
"text": [
"son"
]
} |
57080f77efce8f15003a7d9c | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | According to the majority of Shī'a, namely the Twelvers (Ithnā'ashariyya), the following is a listing of the rightful successors to Muḥammad. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam except for Hussayn ibn 'Alī, who was the brother of Hassan ibn 'Alī.The belief in this succession to Muḥammad stems from various Qurani... | What bible verse do Shia use to support their belief of succession? | {
"answer_start": [
455
],
"text": [
"Genesis 17:19–20"
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7734 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Where does migration mainly occur? | {
"answer_start": [
317
],
"text": [
"the northern hemisphere"
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7735 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Why do birds primarily migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
275
],
"text": [
"availability of food"
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7736 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | Which birds migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
127
],
"text": [
"Many species"
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7737 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | What is bird migration? | {
"answer_start": [
18
],
"text": [
"the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds"
]
} |
5705e78f75f01819005e7738 | Bird_migration | Bird migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south along a flyway, between breeding and wintering grounds. Many species of bird migrate. Migration carries high costs in predation and mortality, including from hunting by humans, and is driven primarily by availability of food. It occurs mainly in the... | What is a cause of death to birds during migration? | {
"answer_start": [
240
],
"text": [
"humans"
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e7748 | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | When was migration first recorded? | {
"answer_start": [
53
],
"text": [
"3,000 years ago"
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e7749 | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Who recorded the earliest records of migration? | {
"answer_start": [
104
],
"text": [
"Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job"
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774a | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Where was Johannes Leche from? | {
"answer_start": [
291
],
"text": [
"Finland"
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774b | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Which species of birds were recorded 3,000 years ago? | {
"answer_start": [
169
],
"text": [
"storks, turtle doves, and swallows"
]
} |
5705e90375f01819005e774c | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | What is a major threat to migratory birds? | {
"answer_start": [
442
],
"text": [
"habitat destruction"
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689692 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Which birds migrate the furthest? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"The Arctic tern"
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689693 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Where does the Arctic tern migrate each year? | {
"answer_start": [
79
],
"text": [
"between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic"
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689695 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | Where do Manx shearwaters migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"between their northern breeding grounds and the southern ocean"
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689694 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | which bird migrates by circling the earth? | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"albatrosses"
]
} |
5705e9bf52bb891400689696 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | What is an example of a shorter migration? | {
"answer_start": [
429
],
"text": [
"altitudinal migrations on mountains such as the Andes and Himalayas"
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7752 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | What causes the timing of migration? | {
"answer_start": [
60
],
"text": [
"changes in day length"
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7753 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | How do migrating birds navigate? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"celestial cues from the sun and stars"
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7754 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | How else to migrating birds navigate? | {
"answer_start": [
153
],
"text": [
"the earth's magnetic field"
]
} |
5705ea4175f01819005e7755 | Bird_migration | The timing of migration seems to be controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. | What might help migrating birds navigate? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"mental maps"
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969d | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | Who recorded early records of migration? | {
"answer_start": [
70
],
"text": [
"Ancient Greek writers"
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969e | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | Where in the bible does it mention migration? | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"the Book of Job (39:26)"
]
} |
5705eb3152bb89140068969f | Bird_migration | Records of bird migration were made as much as 3,000 years ago by the Ancient Greek writers Hesiod, Homer, Herodotus and Aristotle. The Bible also notes migrations, as in the Book of Job (39:26), where the inquiry is made: "Is it by your insight that the hawk hovers, spreads its wings southward?" The author of Jeremiah... | What bird is mentioned in the book of Job? | {
"answer_start": [
255
],
"text": [
"hawk"
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896e8 | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Who noted that cranes traveled from Scythia to the Nile? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Aristotle"
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896e9 | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Who repeats Aristotle's observations? | {
"answer_start": [
107
],
"text": [
"Pliny the Elder"
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896ea | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | Where did Pliny the Elder repeat Aristotle's observations? | {
"answer_start": [
124
],
"text": [
"in his Historia Naturalis"
]
} |
5705ef1452bb8914006896eb | Bird_migration | Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations. | What kind of bird did Aristotle and Pliny the Elder write about? | {
"answer_start": [
21
],
"text": [
"cranes"
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689700 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Which bird did Aristotle believe hibernated? | {
"answer_start": [
33
],
"text": [
"swallows"
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689701 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Until what year did the belief of hibernating birds persist? | {
"answer_start": [
103
],
"text": [
"1878"
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689702 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Who wrote 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"Elliott Coues"
]
} |
5705f22952bb891400689703 | Bird_migration | Aristotle however suggested that swallows and other birds hibernated. This belief persisted as late as 1878, when Elliott Coues listed the titles of no less than 182 papers dealing with the hibernation of swallows. Even the "highly observant" Gilbert White, in his posthumously published 1789 The Natural History of Selb... | Who wrote "The Natural History of Selborne"? | {
"answer_start": [
243
],
"text": [
"Gilbert White"
]
} |
5705f31c52bb89140068970e | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | When was migration finally accepted? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"the end of the eighteenth century"
]
} |
5705f31c52bb89140068970f | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Who wrote A History of British Birds? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Thomas Bewick"
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689710 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | What year was Thomas Bewick's book published? | {
"answer_start": [
211
],
"text": [
"1797"
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689711 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Where were Swallows seen flying? | {
"answer_start": [
286
],
"text": [
"between the islands of Minorca and Majorca"
]
} |
5705f31c52bb891400689712 | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Which directions were the Swallows flying? | {
"answer_start": [
367
],
"text": [
"northward"
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c2 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | Who describes an experiment with swallows? | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Bewick"
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c3 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | Where did this experiment take place? | {
"answer_start": [
81
],
"text": [
"Britain"
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c4 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | How did the experiment succeed? | {
"answer_start": [
114
],
"text": [
"they remained warm and dry through the winters"
]
} |
5705f3a375f01819005e77c5 | Bird_migration | Bewick then describes an experiment which succeeded in keeping swallows alive in Britain for several years, where they remained warm and dry through the winters. He concludes: | How long did the birds stay alive? | {
"answer_start": [
93
],
"text": [
"several years"
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689736 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | Why do birds migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
141
],
"text": [
"response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather"
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689737 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | What are non=migratory birds called? | {
"answer_start": [
477
],
"text": [
"resident or sedentary"
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689738 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | How many species of birds are there? | {
"answer_start": [
534
],
"text": [
"10,000"
]
} |
5705f53452bb891400689739 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | How many bird species are long distance migrants? | {
"answer_start": [
514
],
"text": [
"1800"
]
} |
5705f53452bb89140068973a | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | Which direction do birds primarily migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
50
],
"text": [
"north and south"
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77ca | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | Along where do many birds migrate? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"a flyway"
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cc | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | What is the most common directionof migration in autumn? | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"text": [
"south"
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cb | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | What is the most common pattern of migration in the spring? | {
"answer_start": [
94
],
"text": [
"flying north"
]
} |
5705f69d75f01819005e77cd | Bird_migration | Many bird populations migrate long distances along a flyway. The most common pattern involves flying north in the spring to breed in the temperate or Arctic summer and returning in the autumn to wintering grounds in warmer regions to the south. Of course, in the southern hemisphere the directions are reversed, but ther... | Why do the birds fly north? | {
"answer_start": [
121
],
"text": [
"to breed"
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e6 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | What is the primary motivation for migration? | {
"answer_start": [
51
],
"text": [
"food"
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e7 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | Which birds will not migrate if they are well fed through winter? | {
"answer_start": [
75
],
"text": [
"hummingbirds"
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e8 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | When do the birds return to warmer regions? | {
"answer_start": [
382
],
"text": [
"autumn"
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77e9 | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | what do the longer days of summer provide the birds? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"time for breeding birds to feed their young."
]
} |
5705f85275f01819005e77ea | Bird_migration | The primary motivation for migration appears to be food; for example, some hummingbirds choose not to migrate if fed through the winter. Also, the longer days of the northern summer provide extended time for breeding birds to feed their young. This helps diurnal birds to produce larger clutches than related non-migrato... | What do diurnal birds produce as opposed to non migratory species? | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"larger clutches"
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77f8 | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What is hightened during migration? | {
"answer_start": [
100
],
"text": [
"Predation"
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77f9 | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | Where do Eleonora's falcon breed? | {
"answer_start": [
197
],
"text": [
"Mediterranean islands"
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fa | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What do Eleonora's falcon feed their young? | {
"answer_start": [
292
],
"text": [
"southbound passerine migrants"
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fb | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What preys on nocturnal passerine migrants? | {
"answer_start": [
385
],
"text": [
"the greater noctule bat"
]
} |
5705f90475f01819005e77fc | Bird_migration | These advantages offset the high stress, physical exertion costs, and other risks of the migration. Predation can be heightened during migration: Eleonora's falcon Falco eleonorae, which breeds on Mediterranean islands, has a very late breeding season, coordinated with the autumn passage of southbound passerine migrant... | What makes birds prone to parasites and pathogens? | {
"answer_start": [
459
],
"text": [
"higher concentrations of migrating birds"
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780c | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | What is partial migration? | {
"answer_start": [
17
],
"text": [
"not all populations may be migratory"
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780d | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | Where is partial migration most common? | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"the southern continents"
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780e | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | In Australia, what percent of non-passerine birds are partially migratory? | {
"answer_start": [
168
],
"text": [
"44%"
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e780f | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | In Australia, what percent of passerine species are partially migratory? | {
"answer_start": [
199
],
"text": [
"32%"
]
} |
5705fa3075f01819005e7810 | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | What is leap frog migration? | {
"answer_start": [
604
],
"text": [
"birds that nest at higher latitudes spend the winter at lower latitudes"
]
} |
5705fae575f01819005e7816 | Bird_migration | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier? | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"Female"
]
} |
5705fae575f01819005e7817 | Bird_migration | Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. | Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from? | {
"answer_start": [
157
],
"text": [
"Eastern Fennoscandia"
]
} |
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