The “country_info” dataset comprises 5,162 country–year observations across 17 fields. It was assembled for Chun & Hwang (2024)¹ to provide macroeconomic, demographic, innovation-capacity, and patent metrics used in the cross-density analysis of AI and green innovation. All data are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license and are available at Hugging Face².

Please cite Chun & Hwang (2024) when reusing this dataset:

Chun, Y., & Hwang, J. (2024). The Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Green Innovation: A Cross‐Density Analysis at the Country Level. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(2), 456–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02076-8

Column Description
iso2c ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code (e.g. “US”, “KR”).
iso3c ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code (e.g. “USA”, “KOR”).
country Full country name (e.g. “United Arab Emirates”).
country_upper Uppercase, abbreviated country label used in figures (e.g. “U ARAB EMIRATES”).
date Calendar year of the observation (e.g. 1990–2019).
GNI_PER Gross national income per capita (current USD), sourced from the World Bank.
income_level World Bank income classification (e.g. “High”, “Upper middle”, “Lower middle”, “Low”).
GDP_PPP Gross domestic product at purchasing‐power parity (current USD).
GDP_USD Nominal GDP (current USD).
POP Total population (number of inhabitants).
POP14_64 Population aged 14–64 years.
POP_density Population density (inhabitants per km²).
inno_capacity Composite innovation‐capacity index, derived from Global Innovation Index metrics to proxy a country’s ability to generate new technologies
.
patents Total number of patent applications filed (all technologies) in that year, from PATSTAT.
EPS OECD Environmental Policy Stringency index, used as a robustness-check control variable
.
EPS_id OECD dataset identifier for the EPS observation (string).
num_patents Number of green- or AI-related patent applications (depending on context) used in cross-density calculations.

¹ Chun & Hwang (2024) deployed these country–year metrics in their three-way fixed-effects panel models to control for macro-level drivers of green-AI innovation synergies.
² Hosted at: https://huggingface.co/deep1003

Please ensure proper attribution to Chun & Hwang (2024) when leveraging this dataset in your analyses.