---
language:
- en
license: other
task_categories:
- automatic-speech-recognition
tags:
- air-traffic-control
- aviation
- atc
- pilot
- controller
configs:
- config_name: S2R
  data_splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: null
    num_examples: 1443
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---

# ATC Pilot–Controller Conversations

## Dataset Description

This dataset contains English conversations between **pilots** and **air traffic controllers (ATC)**, 
transcribed from real VHF radio transmissions recorded at controlled aerodromes.

Each example consists of:
- A **WAV audio file** (mono, VHF radio quality)
- A **transcription** of the utterance
- **Speaker metadata**: whether the speaker is the *pilot* or the *controller*
- **Utterance type**: e.g. *readback*, *taxi*, *pushback*, etc.
- **Token-level annotations**: callsigns, taxiways, frequencies, actions, and greetings tagged inline
- **Duration** of the audio clip in seconds

## Configuration & Splits

| Config | Split | Description |
|--------|-------|-------------|
| S2R    | train | All labelled pilot–controller utterances |

## Data Fields

| Field | Type | Description |
|-------|------|-------------|
| `audio` | Audio | WAV audio file |
| `transcription` | string | Verbatim transcript |
| `speaker` | string | `pilot` or `controller` |
| `utterance_type` | string | High-level speech act label (e.g. `readback`, `taxi`) |
| `metadata_raw` | string | Raw token-level annotation lines from the .txt file |
| `duration` | float | Audio clip duration in seconds |
| `conversation_id` | string | Parent conversation folder name |
| `file_id` | string | Stem of the source WAV filename |

## Important Notes

> ⚠️ **Audio quality** — The audio is transmitted through **Very High Frequency (VHF)** radio.  
> Most recordings sound muffled or have noticeable background noise typical of cockpit and radio environments.  
> Models trained on clean speech may struggle without domain adaptation.

> ✈️ **ATM-specific vocabulary** — The transcriptions contain terminology specific to **Air Traffic Management (ATM)**:
> - Aircraft **callsigns** (e.g. `[UNK] seven zero five`) which may be partially inaudible
> - **Radiotelephony numerals**: numbers are spoken in aviation phonetics  
>   (e.g. *nine* → **niner**, *five* → **fifer**, *thousand* → **tousand**)
> - Taxiway designators, frequency strings, and procedural phrases  
>   (e.g. *holding point*, *contact tower*, *good day*)

## Citation

If you use this dataset, please acknowledge the original source of the recordings.